    [From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]

                                                                            Port Manatee
                                                                           Ocs
                                                                           I pact Study

                                                                /01

                                prepared for
                                Manatee County
                                Port Authority

                            A Project Funded By The Coastal Energy Impact Program:

                                   United States Department of Commerce
                                   National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
                       C, VENT Of  Office of Coastal Zone Management
                                   through the
                          TViE S7-4,@'
                                   Florida Department of Veteran and Community Affairs
                                   Division of Local Resource Management
                                   Office of Federal Coastal Programs

                             DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY AFFAIRS
                             DIVISION OF LOCAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
                             rl-'-@FICE OF FEDERAL COASTAL PROGRAMS
                             t-371 EXECUTIVE CENTER CIRCLE, EAST
                             TALLAHASSEE, FLORI  DA 32301

                                               Study of the

                    OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF IMPACTS ON PORT MANATEE'S
                                     PUBLIC FACILITIES/SERVICES

                                                   and

                           ENVI RON M ENTAL/RECREATIONAL RESOURCES

                                                  forthe

                                   MANATEE COUNTY PORT AUTHORITY
          Q-                           MANATEE COUNTY, FLORIDA

                                             December 1982

                                                Prepared by

                          GEE & JENSON ENGINEERS, ARCHITECTS, PLANNERS, INC.
                                        2090 Palm Beach Lakes Boulevard
                                          West Palm Beach, FL 33409

                                          1010 Manatee Avenue West
                                             Bradenton, FL 33505

                                     ROGERS, GOLDEN & HALPERN, INC.
                                               1427 Vine Street
                                            Philadelphia, PA 19102

                                          11872-D Sunrise Valley Drive
                                              Reston, VA 22091

                      Financial assistance for the preparation of this study was provided by
                      the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended through Coastal
                      Energy Impact Program Grant No. 81-CE-66-08-47-20-005, administered
                      at the Federal level by the Office of Coastal Zone Management, National
                      Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and administered at the State
                      level by the Florida Department of Community Affairs, Division of Local
                      Resource Management, Coastal Energy Impact Program.

                                          US Department of Commerce
                                      NOAA Coastal Services Center Library
                                           2-12@@/@ C3z:tH   Avenue
                                            C--Lalloston, SC 204'@@3-24.13

                                                  SUMMARY

                      Should Port Manatee function as a service base for Outer Continental
                Shelf (OCS) oil and gas exploratory and development activity, up to 75 acres
                of land, 10,000 square feet of office space and 800 linear feet of berthage
                would be necessary to adequately support OCS related facility and service
                requirements.

                      In order to meet the OCS related requirements, Port Manatee would
                need to reserve existing, unassigned port owned land for OCS use, make
                significant structural improvements to an existing berth and extend
                roadways, drainageways and railways to service OCS development sites
                within the port.       These improvements, along with the presence of OCS
                related industry at Port Manatee, could result in potential losses of valuable
                environmental and recreational resources at the port.

                      Valuable environmental and recreational resources at Port Manatee
                include the quality of the air and waters surrounding the port, adjacent
                submerged grass beds and mangrove marshlands including their associated
                plant and animal populations, three endangered animal species, Cockroach
                Bay Aquatic Preserve, Bishop Harbor and the offshore spoil island.
                Potential losses could be incurred by those valuable resources from events,
                related to the presence of OCS industry at the port, such as fuel spills,
                mud or cement product spills, untreated stormwater discharges, turbidity
                increases and site development activities.        Potential valuable resource losses
                could also be incurred from OCS related port activity such as drainageway
                extension, road construction and berth maintenance dredging.

                      Measures    recommended       to   minimize    potential    losses   to    valuable
                environmental and recreational resources at Port Manatee include: the use of
                fuel   and     product     spill   containment     equipment      and    devices,      the
                retention / detention   of   stormwaters     prior    to   their   discharge,      design
                modifications to OCS fuel and product berth structures, separation of oils
                and greases from onsite stormwaters, preservation of natural mangrove

                                                          S-1

                 areas, use of approved offsite solid waste disposal areas, internalized
                 location of non-waterfront related industry and excessive noise generating
                 industry and restrictions on crew and supply boat operations. Recommended
                 methods for implementing the above include, formal modifications to Manatee
                 County Port Authority construction policies, formal modincations to the
                 Master Development Plan for Port Manatee and incorporation of specific loss
                 minimizing conditions in the tenant leases.

                                                     S-2

                                      TABLE OF CONTENTS                        Page No.

                 SUMMARY                                                          S-1

                 TABLE OF CONTENTS                                                TC-1

                 LIST OF FIGURES                                                  LF-1

                 INTRODUCTION                                                     I-1

                 Chapter 1       Estimated Level of OCS Activity
                                 and Industry Requirements                        1-1

                 Chapter 2       Anticipated Onshore Demands                      2-1

                 Chapter 3       Inventory of Existing Public Facilities
                                 and Services at Port Manatee                     3-1

                 Chapter 4       Forecast of Expansion Needed to
                                 Meet OCS Industry Demands                        4-1

                 Chapter 5       Environmental Resource Inventory                 5-1

                 Chapter 6       Recreational Resource Inventory                  6-1

                 Chapter 7       Estimate of Potential
                                 Environmental Loss                               7-1

                 Chapter 8       Estimate of Potential
                                 Recreational Loss                                8-1

                 Chapter 9       Measures to Minimize Losses                      9-1

                 Chapter 10      Methods of Implementation                        10-1

                 Chapter 11      OCS-Related Regulations and Permits              11-1

                                                        TC-1

                  TABLE OF CONTENTS

                                                                            Page No.

                  Appendix A     Typical Offshore Material Requirements       AA-1

                  Appendix B     Oil Spill Contract and Equipment List
                                 A&A Pollution Cleanup Services Inc.          AB-1

                  Appendix C     Port Manatee - Master Development Plan       AC-1

                  Appendix D     Summary of DER Water Quality Analysis
                                 Port Manatee, 1982                           AD-1

                  Appendix E     USAGOE Water Quality Analysis                AE-1

                  Appendix F     State of Florida
                                 Department of State
                                 Division of Archives, History and Records
                                 Cultural Resource Assessment Management      AF-1

                  Appendix G     Letter Report - Site 8 MA 48 -
                                 Archaeological Resources Incorporated        AG-1

                  References                                                  R-1

                                                      TC-2

                   LIST OF FIGURES

                                                                                    Page No.

                   1-1        Offshore Administrative Areas                           1-5
                   1-2        Rigs at Work, Eastern Gulf of     Mexico                1-6
                   1-3        Florida Blocks Leased in OCS
                              Sales 66 and 67                                         1-7
                   1-4        Location of Tracts Leased in OCS

                              Sales 66 and. 67                                        1-8
                   1-5        Proposed Final 5-year OCS
                              Oil and Gas Leasing Schedule                            1-9
                   1-6        Estimates of Undiscovered Recoverable

                              Resources, Eastern Gulf of Mexico                       1-10
                   1-7        Bid Recap Statistics for OCS Lease
                              Sales 66 & 67                                           1-13
                   1-8        Status of Florida Exploration
                              Plans                                                   1-16
                   1-9        Casing Strings and Pipe Used in An
                              Oil Well                                                1-20

                   1-10       Blowout Preventer Stack                                 1-21
                   1-11       Personnel Requirements of Exploratory
                              and Development Drilling Rigs                           1-22
                   1-12       Crew Boat Specifications                                1-27
                   1-13       Supply Boat Specifications                              1-28
                   1-14       Scale of Offshore Operations
                              and Material and Personnel

                              Requirements, No Find Scenario                          1-31
                   1-15       Scale of Offshore Operations
                              and Material and Personnel

                              Requirements, Low Find Scenario                         1-32
                   1-16       Scale of Offshore Operations
                              and Material and Personnel

                              Requirements, Medium Find
                              Scenario                    LF-1                        1-33

                   LIST OF FIGURES

                                                                                    Page

                   1-17       Scale of Offshore Operations

                              and Material and Personnel
                              Requirements, High Find Scenario                      1-35

                   2-1        Refining Capacity of the Gulf
                              Coast by State                                        2-5
                   2-2        Pipe Coating and Fabrication Facilities               2-6
                   2-3        Typical Activities, Exploration
                              and Development Phases                                2-7
                   2-4        Service Bases: Summary of
                              Requirements and Impacts                              2-10
                   2-5        Service Base Prototype                                2-16
                   2-6        Existing Platform Fabrication
                              Facilities                                            2-29
                   2-7        Service Base Land Requirements,
                              No Find Scenario                                      2-36
                   2-1        Service  Base Labor Requirements,

                              No Find Scenario                                      2-37

                   2-9        Service  Base Transportation Demands,
                              No Find Scenario                                      2-38

                   2-10       Service  Base Land Requirements,
                              Low Find Scenario                                     2-39
                   2-11       Service Base Labor Requirements,

                              Low Find Scenario                                     2-40
                   2-12       Service Base Transportation Demands,

                              Low Find Scenario                                     2-41

                   2-13       Service Base Land Requirements,

                              Medium Find Scenario                                  2-44
                   2-14       Service Base Labor Requirements,

                              Medium Find Scenario                                  2-45

                                                          LF-2

                  LIST OF FIGURES

                                                                                Page No.

                  2-15      Service Base Transportation Requirements,
                            Medium Find Scenario                                  2-46
                  2-16      Service Base Land Requirements,
                            High Find Scenario                                    2-47
                  2-17      Service Base Labor Requirements,
                            High Find Scenario                                    2-48
                  2-18      Service Base Transportation Requirements,
                            High Find Scenario                                    2-49

                  3-1       Location Map - Port Manatee                           3-3
                  3-2       Aerial Photograph - Port Manatee                      3-4
                  3-3       Water Access to Port Manatee                          3-7
                  3-4       Port Manatee Helipad                                  3-8
                  3-5       Major Roads and Airports Surrounding
                            Port Manatee                                          3-9

                  3-6       Internal Roadways & Rail
                            Transportation                                        3-10
                  3-7       Port Manatee Berthing Facilities                      3-13
                  3-8       Water Supply for Port Manatee                         3-16
                  3-9       Port Manatee Sewage Treatment
                            Facilities & Primary Storm
                            Drainage System                                       3-17
                  3-10      Existing Land Use                                     3-22
                  3-11      Master Planned and Unassigned
                            Land Use                                              3-25

                  4-1-      Waterfront Related Land                               4-5

                  4-2       Land Available for Purchase                           4-8
                  4-3       Proposed (15 Acres) Helipad     Space                 4-9
                  4-4       No-Find - Service Base Land
                            Requirements                LF-3                      4-14

                     LIST OF FIGURES

                                                                                  Page No.

                     4-5        No Find Scenario - Space Requirements                4-15
                     4-6        No Find- Service Base Transportation
                                Requirements                                         4-16
                     4-7        No Find - Service Base Utility
                                Requirements                                         4-17
                     4-8        No Find   Service Base Port Services                 4-18
                     4-9        Low Find     Service Base Land
                                Requirements                                         4-19
                     4-10       Low Find Scenario - Space Requirements               4-20
                     4-11       Low Find - Service Base Transportation
                                Requirements                                         4-21
                     4-12       Low Find - Service Base Utility
                                Requirements                                         4-22
                     4-13       Low Find - Service Base Port Services                4-23

                     4-14       Medium Find - Service Base Land
                                Requirements                                         4-26
                     4-15       Medium Find  Scenario - Space
                                Requirements                                         4-27
                     4-16       Medium Find - Service Base
                                Transportation Requirements                          4-28
                     4-17       Medium Find - Service Base    Utility
                                Requirements                                         4-29
                     4-18       Medium Find - Service Base    Port
                                Services                                             4-30
                     4-19       High Find - Service Base Land
                                Requirements                                         4-31
                     4-20       High Find Scenario - Space
                                Requirements                                         4-32
                     4-21       High Find - Service Base
                                Transportation Requirements                          4-33

                                                           LF-4

                 LIST OF FIGURES

                                                                                Page No.

                 4-22       High Find - Service Base Utility
                            Requirements                                          4-34
                 4-23       High Find - Service Base Port
                            Services                                              4-36

                 5-1        Soil Borings and Profiles at Port

                            Manatee                                               5-7

                 5-2        Water Classifications                                 5-8
                 5-3        Location of 1982 DER Water Quality
                            Stations                                              5-9

                 5-4        Location  of USACOE
                            Water Quality Monitoring Stations                     5-10
                 5-5        Manatee County Health Department
                            Water Quality Study Results                           5-11
                 5-6        Water Network Stations in Manatee
                            County                                                5-13
                 5-7        Water Quality Values
                            Station No. 1 - Piney Point                           5-14
                 5-8        Vegetation Associations and   Land Use for
                 5-9        Port Manatee and Tampa Bay, Florida                   5-17
                            Summary of Manatee Observations                       5-26
                 5-10       Location and Number of Manatees Sighted
                            During 1979                                           5-27
                 5-11       Areas in Natural State                                5-30
                 5-12       Areas Designated as Valuable
                            Environmental Resources                               5-31

                                                        LF-5

                  LIST OF FIGURES

                                                                              Page No.

                  6-1        Population Compared to Recreation
                             Acreage by Region                                  6-3
                  6-2        Cockroach Bay Aquatic Preserve and
                             Bishop Harbour                                     6-6
                  6-3        Piney Point                                        6-9
                  6-4        Grassy Shoals Surrounding
                             Port Manatee                                       6-12
                  6-5        Mangrove Areas Surrounding
                             Port Manatee                                       6-13
                  6-6        Spoil Island Off Port Manatee                      6-15

                  7-1        Potential Environmental Pollutants

                             from OCS Related Industries                        7-3
                  7-2        Classification and Properties of Oil
                             Types with Respect to their  Behavior
                             During Spills                                      7-7

                                                        LF-6

                INTRODUCTION

                     Port Manatee has historically been used as a service base for Outer
                Continental Shelf (OCS) energy activities, i.e. offshore exploratory drilling
                for natural gas and oil resources, by several major energy companies. The
                port was selected as a service base because of its proximity to exploratory
                drilling sites, its immediate access to numerous ancillary services found in
                three moderately sized cities near the port, its deep water access and
                berthing and its available landside space.

                     For lease sales occurring within the next few years, the Minerals
                Management Service (MMS) is proposing to open the entire eastern Gulf of
                Mexico for nominations from the oil companies.     It is anticipated that Port
                Manatee would be considered as a potential service port for this increased
                off-shore activity,   particularly during the leasing,       exploratory,   and
                development phases.

                     This study estimates the amount of OCS activity which may potentially
                occur in the eastern Gulf of Mexico within the next five years. It examines
                whether impacts resulting from OCS energy activities may require new or
                improved public facilities and services at Port Manatee.           The port's
                transportation systems, landside space, public services and public utilities
                will be evaluated to determine the nature and degree of needed improvement.

                     Specifically, this study addresses the impacts on Port Manatee resulting
                from the OCS activities of well drilling during the exploratory phase and
                platform installation and rig operation during the development phase.       The
                siting of pipelines and refineries will not be addressed in this study.      An
                energy facility siting study is being performed on a regional basis by the
                Tampa Bay Regional Planning Council (TBRPC). Once the TBRPC findings
                are established, an additional grant may be desired to address any related
                effects on Port Manatee.     Because of the lack of previous finds in the
                eastern Gulf of Mexico, estimates of OCS offshore activity are presented in
                low, medium, and high finds.       These scenarios are carried through the
                forecasts on projected expansion needed at Port Manatee.

                        This study also assesses whether Port Manatee would incur potential
                   losses of valuable environmental and recreational resources in accommodating
                   the demands of increased OCS energy activity.                 Valuable environmental
                   resource losses may include alteration or degradation of existing air quality,
                   surface    and     groundwater      quality,    noise    levels,    and     plant/animal
                   (terrestrial/ aquatic) populations and habitats. Valuable recreational resource
                   losses may include losses of saltwater fishing,                 recreational boating,
                   historic/ archaeological resources and areas designated by the coastal zone
                   management plan, and state, regional, or local government areas of
                   particular   concern     or potential use       for recreational preservation          or
                   restoration purposes.

                         To assist the Manatee County Port Authority in making intelligent
                   decisions regarding the future management of the port, this study develops
                   programs and strategies intended to minimize impacts while satisfying
                   expansion demands. Methods for implementing these programs and strategies
                   are developed as the final element of this study.          The programs, strategies,
                   and their respective implementation methods which are presented in this
                   study are designed to allow Port Manatee to provide the projected public
                   facility and service improvements required to accommodate the demands
                   resulting from the increased OCS energy activity, while minimizing losses of
                   its valuable environmental and recreational resources, and, where possible,
                   preserving and protecting those resources.

                                                             1-2

                                                 CHAPTER 1

                                   ESTIMATED LEVEL OF OCS
                                    Activity and Industry Requirements

                     The Gulf of Mexico is, by far, the most productive of the Outer
                Continental Shelf (OCS) oil and gas leasing regions.        As of December 31,
                1981, oil, condensate and gas produced from the Gulf accounted for 94.3 and
                99.8 percent of the national OCS production totals, respectively (Beasley,
                NIMS, 1982).    Although all of this production has historically come from
                extensive areas oftshore Texas and Louisiana, the oil industry's interest
                has, in recent years, expanded to include frontier sections of the eastern

                Gulf.

                     The Environmental Impact Statements       issued by the Bureau of Land
                Management (BLM) for OCS Lease Sales 66, 67, and 69, as well as industry
                opinions expressed in such publications as Offshore, Oil and Gas Journal,
                and Offshore Construction Report, indicate a portion of the exploration and
                development activities pursuant to eastern Gult leasing could be supported
                from Port Manatee, Florida.

                     Port Manatee has served in the past as a staging site for OCS
                exploration.   This fact undoubtedly adds to its attractiveness as a
                service/support base for future offshore operations.           Port Manatee has
                expressed the need for planning information in the event that future OCS
                exploration and development activities place demands on the port facilities.
                This report is an attempt to estimate the extent of near-term OCS activity,
                and formulate onshore requirements for such activities.

                APPROACH

                     In the absence of discoveries of commercial (economically producible)
                quantities of oil and/or gas, it is impossible for anyone to predict exactly
                the number of jobs, wage levels, tons of material, etc. that would result

                  from offshore development. Oil-producing fields are individual entities; each
                  requires its own specific facilities, personnel, and operations. The approach
                  utilized in this assessment is intended to offer guidelines, not hard and fast
                  figures for estimating the timing, extent, and requirements of offshore
                  development.

                       There are several terms that will be used often in the body of this
                  report.   They need to be explained at this point.           The words "block",
                  "lease", "tract", and "field" have discrete definitions     and applications.     A
                  block is the geographical area as portrayed in              the official Mineral
                  Management Service protraction diagrams or leasing maps.         A block contains
                  approximately nine square miles (5,000 acres off Louisiana and 5,760 acres
                  elsewher@! in the Gulf of Mexico). Each block is assigned a permanent block
                  number.     In the course of the lease sale process, the Director of the
                  Minerals Management Service issues an official "call for information."        Areas
                  of geologic potential for the occurrence of hydrocarbons identified by the
                  Minerals Management Service are included in the call.        The official call for
                  information is approved by the Secretary of the Interior and then published
                  in the Federal Register for the purpose of inviting comments from potential
                  bidders and concerned parties outlining favorable areas for hydrocarbon
                  potential which they may be interested in leasing.          The call also invites
                  comments on areas which should receive special concern and analysis because
                  of geologic hazards, multiple-use conflicts, or socioeconomic, biological, or
                  environmental considerations.     Following the call for information, blocks are
                  selected for possible sale and are studied as part of a regional or areawide
                  environmental impact statements.      At this time, blocks are assigned tract
                  numbers. The federal government, through the Department of the Interior,
                  leases tracts beyond the 3-league limit (the extent of State of Florida
                  jurisdiction over submerged lands in the Gulf of Mexico) on the Outer
                  Continental Shelf. After a lease sale, the tract is usually referred to by the
                  lease number, although in the Gult of Mexico leaseholders may also refer to
                  the parcel by its block number (a designation that is administratively
                  permanent). Leases convey to the owner certain stipulated rights to explore
                  for and produce oil and gas at a specific location.        A field refers to the

                                                          1-2

                location of the resource itself, trapped within certain geological formations
                and having particular properties.

                     In postulating future OCS oil and gas exploration and development
                activities in the eastern Gulf of Mexico, we will calculate four offshore
                scenarios (no find, and low, medium, and high finds). in calculating the
                offshore scenarios, we will first take a look at the leasing and exploration
                history of the eastern Gulf; a study of the area's OCS history will yield
                certain trends that may be projected into the future.        Secondly, we will look
                at recent and upcoming OCS lease sales, and the resource estimates that
                have been developed for the areas leased and to be offered in future OCS

                lease sales.

                Eastern Gulf of Mexico Leasing and Exploration History

                     In 1973, offshore acreage was leased in the Destin Dome area. Figure
                1-1 depicts offshore administrative areas. Destin Dome was the first area off
                Florida to be leased.      Exploratory drilling was conducted, but commercial
                quantities of oil and/or gas were not found. These early, unsuccessful wells
                were plugged and abandoned; the leases on which the wells were drilled
                have since expired.

                      In spite of the disappointing results of the wildcat exploration at Destin
                Dome, renewed interest in eastern Gulf tracts has been evidenced,
                particularly at Lease Sales 41 (February 1976), 65 (October 1978), 66
                (October 1981), and 67 (February 1982).              After a hiatus from drilling
                activity following abandonment of the first Destin Dome wells, exploration of
                Florida tracts leased in 1976 and 1978 resumed in early 1981.          None of these
                wells   has    yet   resulted   in   a   discovery    of   commercially     producible
                hydrocarbons.     Figure 1-2 shows the number of rigs at work during each
                month from January 1981 to the present.           During this time, the number of
                rigs drilling simultaneously has ranged from one to five.           General locations
                of the rigs are also given. As of April 30, 1982, only one drilling rig was
                operating in the eastern Gulf. This rig was working on Sohio's Destin Dome

                                                         1-3

                  block 563 (leased in 1978) off the Florida panhandle. Panama City, Florida,
                  is serving as the onshore support/supply base for the current exploratory
                  activity centered at Destin Dome.

                       At Sale 66 (October 1981), 91 Florida tracts were offered; 20 were
                  subsequently leased.     In February 1982, at Sale 67, 81 Florida tracts were
                  offered, and high bids were accepted by the Bureau of 'Land Management
                  (BLM) for ten of these.      Florida offshore tracts leased in both these sales
                  are located in the Charlotte Harbor administrative area.        Figure 1-3 shows
                  the Florida blocks leased in OCS Lease Sales 66 and 67; Figure 1-4 shows
                  the locations of these leases.

                  Evaluation of Recent and Upcoming Lease Sales

                        Another way to estimate the amount of future OCS activity in the
                  eastern Gulf is to evaluate the upcoming OCS lease sales, the areas to be
                  offered, and the resource estimates made for the sale areas.            Figure 1-5
                  shows the Final Five-Year OCS Oil and Gas Leasing Schedule.

                        The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), working with geological and
                  geophysical data, formulates estimates for undiscovered resources.          At the
                  same time, industry is carrying out preliminary exploration (without drilling)
                  to determine its interest in an area.          The government's estimates are
                  published in the environmental impact statements (EIS's) prepared for each
                  lease sale.   As part of the Reagan administration's plan to streamline the
                  OCS leasing process, EIS's in the future will probably be prepared as
                  broader, areawide assessments rather than the more geologically and
                  geographically specific evaluations of the past.      Since oil and gas deposits
                  have not yet been discovered in the federal waters of the eastern Gulf of
                  Mexico, it is difficult for government or private industry to make estimates
                  of undiscovered resources.      The USGS has published resource estimates for
                  the eastern Gulf of Mexico, and the estimates for the continental shelf (water
                  depths from 0-200 meters) are the basis upon which the offshore scenarios
                  have been developed.      Figure 1-6 shows the government estimates for the
                  entire eastern Gulf.                    1-4

                               Offshore Administrative Areas                                                                                                       C0

                                                                                                                                                                    E

                                                      Alabama                                                                                                      0)

                                                                                                  Georgia
                                                                                                 ---                  k                                            0

                                                                                                  Florida
                                                           Panama City
                                           Pensacola                                                                                                                Cz
                                                                                                                                                                    C
                                           Destin Dome                                                                                                              ICU
                                                                                         Gain**-.
                                                                    Apalachicola          'ille

                                                                                                                                                                    0
                                         De Soto Canyon          Florida Middle Ground     Tarpon Spring                                                           101-

                                                                                                                   t. Petersburg
                                                                                                                   Port Manatee
                                              Lloyd                  The Elbow               St. Petersburg

                                                                                                                Ire

                                            Henderson                    Vernon                 Charlotte Harbor

                                                                       Howell Hook                   Pulley Ridge               Miami

                                 Source:
                                                                                                                     Open File Re
                                 Gulf of Mexico Summary Report -2, USGS                                                                      port
                                 81-620, Plate 1

                                                                                        1-5                                           Figure 1-1

                                                                                                         U)

                                                                                                         co
                                                                                                         a
                                                                                                         E

                                                                                                         a)
                                                                                                         C)
                  MONTH/YEAR     NO. RIGS AT WORK              LOCATION OF DRILLING                      0

                   1/1981               2                  Charlotte Harbor                              (1)
                   2/1981               3                  2 Charlotte Harbor, I Vernon                  (D
                   3/1981               4                  Elbow, Vernon, 2 Charlotte Harbor             4-1
                   4/1981               5                  Elbow, Vernon, 2 Charlotte Harbor,            co
                                                           Pensacola                                     C
                   5/1981               3                  Elbow, Pensacola, Charlotte Harbor            CU
                   6/1981               3                  Elbow, Pensacola, Charlotte Harbor            2
                   7/1981               2                  Pensacola, Charlotte Harbor                   -
                   8/1981               2                  Pensacola, Charlotte Harbor                   0
                   9/1981               1                  Pensacola                                     0-
                  10/1981               1                  Pensacola
                  11/1981               1                  Pensacola
                  12/1981               1                  Destin Dome

                   1/1982               1                  Destin Dome
                   2/1982               1                  Destin Dome
                   3/1982               1                  Destin Dome
                   4/1982               1                  Destin Dome

                                        Rigs at Work, Eastern Gulf of Mexico
                                        Source: "Offshore Rig Data Services"
                                                  Offshore Data Services, Inc.,
                                                  January 1981, April 1982

                                                        1-6                      -Figure 1-2

                                                                                                        Cn

                                                                                                        CIO
                                                                                                        CL
                  SALE 66, OCTOBER 1981                    SALE 67, FEBRUARY 1982                       E

                  CHARLOTTE HARBOR AREA                    CHARLOTTE HARBOR NG-17-4
                                            miles from                              miles from          0
                  tract    block    owner   shore          tract   block    owner    shore

                  180       577     Shell       95         189      797     Shell         62
                  181       578     Shell       91         190      718     Shell         60
                  182       579     Shell       89         196      841     Shell         63            0
                  183       580     Shell       87         197      842     Shell         61            C
                  184       581     Shell       84         198      843     Shell         59            W
                  188       621     Shell       96         204      886     Shell         61            2
                  189       622     Shell       94         205      887     Shell         59            4-0
                  190       623     Shell       91         212      931     Shell         60            16-
                  193       665     Shell       97         213      935     Shell         58            0
                  194       666     Shell       94         219      975     Shell         61            0-
                  195       667     Shell       92
                  196       668     Shell       89
                  199       709     Shell       98
                  200       710     Shell       95
                  201       711     Shell       93
                  202       712     Shell       89
                  205       753     Shell       99
                  206       754     Shell       96
                  207       755     Shell       94
                  208       756     Shell       90

                                    Florida Blocks Leased in OCS Sales 66 and 67
                                    Source: Ocean Construction Report,
                                             No. 43    October, 1981
                                             No. 7    February 1982

                                                       1-7                            Figure 1-3

                            Location of Tracts Leased in OCS Sales
                           66 and 67

                                                                                                                                                                           a
                                                                                                                                                                           E

                                                                                                         P ella                                                            co

                                                            I II  I I                                                           Hillsborough        Polk
                    -- -----                                                                   TTT@,                                                                       0

                                                                                                                           Port Manatee

                                                     A   I  I I i I                                                               Manatee            Hardee
                                                                                                                                                                           co

                                                .7
                                                                                                                                                                           ICU

                                                            I I I I  I    I I                                                    Sarasota            De Soto
                        T 70   T, IW                             5t*gl                                                                                                     0

                         V r 0                       1 Clhakr. tie jalrblod I  I I    I I I                                                          Charlotte

                                          I--H4                                                                                                               Lee

                                                                                         I Lj-
                                                                                                                     4+1                  4:FF

                                Legend

                                          Tracts Leased in OCS Sales 67

                                         Tracts Leased in OCS Sales 66

                                Source: Ocean Construction Report
                                                   October 26, 1981
                                                   F
                                                                         1
                                                                           5
                                                              uary                  982
                                                       ebr                    , 1

                                                                                         1_8                                                Figure 1-4 ---j

                                                                                                                       FINAL 5-YEAR OCS OIL 81 GAS LEASING SCHEDULE

                                                                       U.S. Department of the interior                                                       Proposed Sale Dates                                                                                     July 119112
                                                                               Minerals Management Service

                                                                                                 1982                                                                          1983                                                                 1984

                                                                       RS-2   ......................................   August                    070 St. George Basin          ................. February                 80  S.. California     .......................   January

                                                                       71 Dispir Field       .....................     September                 76 Mid Atlantic      ............................    April               82  N. Atlantic      ......................... Feb ruary

                                                                       52 North Atlantic       ......................  October                   72C. Gulf of Mexico           ....................... May                83  Navarin Basin      .........................      March

                                                                       69 Gull of Mexico         ..................... October                   78 S. Atlantic       ..............................  July                81  C. Gulf of Mexico        ......................   April

                                                                       57 Norton Basin        .....................    November                  74 W. Gull of Mexico          ..................     August              87  Diapir Field     ..............................   June

                                                                                                                                                 73 C. & N. California         ...............  September                 84  W. Gull of Mexico         ......................  July

                                                                                                                                                 79 E. Gull of Mexico          ...............  November                  88  Gull of Alaska/Cook Inlet          ........  October

                                                                                                                                                                                                                          89  St. George Basin        ................  December

                                                                                                1985                                                                           1986                                                                1987
                      iL                                               90 S . Atlantic       ..............            January                   95 S. California        .............          January                   108 S. Atlantic      ..........................  January

                                                                       85 Barrow Arch         .............            February                  96 N. Atlantic      ...............            February                  109 Barrow Arch        .......................  February

                                                                       92 N. Aleutian Basin          ............          April                 107 Navarin Basin             ..............         March               110 C. Gulf of Mexico         ............ .........  April

                                                                       98 C. Gull of Mexico         .............            May                 104 C. Gull of Mexico         ............           April               86 Shumagin          ................................ June

                                                                       ill Mid-Atlantic       ...............              June                  97 Diapir Field      .................               June

                                                                       102 W. Gulf of Mexico           ..........      August                    105 W. Gull of Mexico         ............           July

                                                                       91 C. & N. California       ........            September                 99 Kodiak     ..................               October

                                                                       100 Norton Basin        .............           October                   101 St. George Basin          ........         December
                                                                       94 E. Gulf of Mexico         .........          Novembei                                                                                               OF r,,F

                      ,n                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Secretary of the interior
                      40                                                                                                              *The Department willconsull with the Alaska Land Use Council
                      C
                                                                                                                                         lottowing issuance of the Proposed Notice of Sale                       I

                      Qn

                                                                                                                                                                                                Port Manatee OCS Impact Study

                                                                                    0)

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                                                                                    E

                                                                                    co

                                                                                    0

                                                                                    co
                   OIL                  ASSOCIATED GAS      NON-ASSOCIATED GAS      C
                                                                                    W
             (billions of barrels)  (trillions of cubic ft) (trillions of cubic feet)

                 95% - 0                  95% - 0               95% - 0
                                                                                    0
                 5%  -  3.8                5% - 3.1              5% - 5.9

                Mean - 1.2               Mean - 0.9            Mean - 1.5

             Estimates for the Outer Continental Shelf (0-200 meters)

             Source: U.S. Department of the Interior, Geological Survey. "Estimates
                     of Undiscovered Recoverable Resources of Conventionally
                     Producible Olil and Gas in the United States, A Summary." By
                     G.L. Doulton et al. Open-file Report 81-197, pp. 9 and 10.

                         Estimates of Undiscovered Recoverable Resources,
                         Eastern Gulf of Mexico

                                             1-10                    Figure 1-6 _j

                       It is important to mention here that government's estimates may differ
                  from industry's. Of course, the oil industry does not make its assessments
                  known until development or production begin.        Industry's opinion of the
                  hydrocarbon potential of certain tracts does, however, become evident
                  during lease sale bidding. The lease sale reveals much about the scale and
                  likely pattern of development of a potential resource province.        The oil
                  companies, working with essentially the same basic data, will bid for tracts
                  they believe have the greatest chance of proving commercial. Once the bids
                  are in and the leases awarded, the lessees will move as quickly as possible
                  to secure the required permits and begin exploratory drilling on the highest
                  value tracts, hoping for an early return on their substantial front-end
                  investment.   A review of bid recap statistics will show the tracts receiving
                  the higWest bids. Figure 1-7 shows bid recap statistics for Sales 66 and 67.

                       Often, the owner of a lease or leases adjacent to the highest-value
                  (highest bid) tract will wait until results of exploration of the highest-value
                  tract become known before deciding to begin exploring his own tracts. This
                  is also the case when the owner of the highest-value tract is also the
                  leaseholder of an adjacent tract or tracts.     An early disappointment may
                  influence the decision to cancel exploration plans in the immediate future.

                  Assumptions for Methodology

                       In formulating a methodology for estimating future OCS exploration and
                  development activity in the eastern Gulf of Mexico, we have made a number
                  of basic assumptions.     These assumptions underlie all of the scenarios.
                  They are:

                       1.   The OCS leasing program will continue through 1987 on the
                            schedule adopted by the Minerals Management Service (Figure

                       2.   The lack of available drilling rigs should not become a significant
                            factor in OCS exploration in the eastern Gulf.          Industry has

                                                       1-11

                          repeatedly signalled its ability to ensure a steady supply of rigs to
                          meet the demand of offshore operators. If a large, commercial find
                          occurs, additional rigs can be ordered on a contract basis. Other
                          rigs can be diverted from smaller, less attractive prospects.
                          Thus, rig availability will not be a deterrent to OCS exploration.
                          It should be noted that drilling rig utilization for 1982 has been
                          approximately 50 percent lower than for 1981.           It is anticipated
                          that the record breaking levels of 1981 may not be attained in the

                          foreseeable future.

                    3.    The historical trends of OCS exploratory drilling in the eastern
                          Gulf are indicative of future OCS activity in this area only until a
                          significant discovery is made.      During the course of exploratory
                          drilling, operators will make several "teaser" finds which, although
                          noncommercial, will provide the incentive for continued exploration.
                          When a commercial find is made, OCS activity will increase. The
                          "no find" scenario is oriented to the historical trend.         The three
                          "find" scenarios are based on a significant discovery in 1983, with
                          a subsequent sharp increase in OCS activity.

                    4.    Exploration in the eastern Gulf during the next few years will be
                          concentrated     in   relatively    shallow-water     areas.       Although
                          deepwater tracts will be offered in future eastern Gulf lease sales,
                          industry will likely exhaust        the exploration potential of the
                          nearer-shore tracts before making the significant investment of
                          time and capital required for deepwater exploration.           The "find"
                          scenarios are based on the undiscovered recoverable resource
                          estimates for waters from 0-200 meters, shown in Figure 1-6.

                    5.    Exploratory drilling using mobile rigs will be essentially completed
                          within five years of the lease sale year.                 However,     some
                          exploratory drilling will continue throughout the life of the region,
                          largely as a result of "teaser" finds.

                                                       1-12

                                                                                                        =3
                                                                                                        Cr)
                                           LEASE SALE 66, OCTOBER 1981

                                           CHARLOTTE HARBOR AREA
                                                                                                        co
                                                                                                        OL
                                                         high        bonus                              E
                                        tract   block    bidder      bid

                                        180      577     Shell       $154,000
                                        181      578     Shell        163,000
                                        182      579     Shell        205,000                           0
                                        183      580     Shell        188,000
                                        184      581     Shell        188,000                           CD
                                        188      621     Shell        154,000                           CD
                                        189      622     Shell        188,000                           4-0
                                        190      623     Shell        205,000                           Cz
                                        193      665     Shell        154,000                           C
                                        194      666     Shell        154,000                           (z
                                        195      667     Shell        188,000
                                        196      668     Shell        188,000
                                        199      709     Shell        188,000
                                        200      710     Shell        154,000                           0
                                        201      711     Shell        163,000                           CL
                                        202      712     Shell        205,000
                                        205      753     Shell        205,000
                                        206      754     Shell        154,000
                                        207      755     Shell        154,000
                                        208      756     Shell        163,000

                                        LEASE SALE 67, FEBRUARY 1982

                                        CHARLOTTE HARBOR NG-17-4

                                                         high        bonus
                                        tract   block    bidder      bid

                                        189      797     Shell       $151,000
                                        190      798     Shell        358,000
                                        196      841     Shell        151,000
                                        197      842     Shell        188,000
                                        198      843     Shell        188,000
                                        204      886     Shell        151,000
                                        205      887     Shell        438,000
                                        212      931     Shell        438,000
                                        213      935     Shell        243,000
                                        219      975     Shell        151,000

                              Bid Recap Statistics for   OCS Lease Sales 66 and 67
                              Source: Ocean Construction Report
                                        No. 43 - October 1981
                                        No. 4 - February 1982

                                                       1-13                          Figure 1-7 -.@-j

                      6.   Four exploratory wells will be drilled per mobile rig per year.

                      7.   Exploration continues while development and production proceed.
                           The search for oil and gas will stop only when all producible
                           resources are assumed to have been discovered, or when a number
                           of dry holes have been drilled, and optimism is gone.

                      8.   For no finds of gas and oil, 25 percent of tracts leased are drilled
                           (one well drilled for each four tracts).    For commercial finds of
                           gas and oil, 50 percent of leased tracts are explored.    There are
                           three wells per explored tract, or an average of 1.5 wells per

                           tract.

                  Pace of Offshore Operations

                      After offshore leases are awarded for an initial term of five or ten
                  years, the Minerals Management Service (MMS) of the Department of the
                  Interior has the responsibility for regulating and monitoring operations on
                  the leases. Prior to commencement of exploratory drilling, the leaseholder or
                  operator must submit a Plan of Exploration to the regional office of the MMS.
                  Figure 1-8 shows the status of exploration plans the Gulf of Mexico region
                  Minerals Management Service had received as of April 12, 1982.

                      In addition to the Plan of Exploration, an accompanying environmental
                  report may be required in cases where drilling may affect a state with a
                  federally -approved coastal zone management plan. As of February 28, 1982,
                  these Gulf Coast states had approved coastal plans: Alabama (1979), Florida
                  (1981), Louisiana (1980), and Mississippi (1980).    An approved exploration
                  plan does not give the operator permission to drill wells on his lease.
                  However, the fact that an operator has submitted a plan and received MMS
                  approval implies the operator's intent to explore the lease's hydrocarbon
                  potential.  Thus, a rough idea of the extent and location of future
                  (near-term) exploratory activity can be gained by examining Figure 1-8.

                                                      1-14

                      Eastern Gult leaseholders have historically submitted their exploration
                plans within 2-1/2 to 3 years of lease award (Alvarado, MMS, 1982). Once
                the plan is approved, months or years may elapse before the operator
                submits an Application for Permit to Drill (APD) to the Minerals Management
                Service.    If approval of the APD is granted, and if a drilling rig is
                available, exploration activities may begin shortly thereafter. Because of the
                number of variables in the process from lease award to well spudding
                (start-up), and because of the low priority that operators have historically
                accorded their eastern Gulf exploration programs, it is difficult to infer a
                standard time period between exploration plan approval and well spudding.
                However, should a commercial discovery be made in the near future, the time
                span between lease award and exploratory drilling would, of course, be
                significantly shortened.

                INDUSTRY REOUIREIVIENTS

                Exploratory Activity

                      Exploratory activities are undertaken to locate geological formations that
                are potential oil or gas reservoirs.     These activities, the first step in the
                process of developing OCS resources, progress through three principal
                stages:

                      1.   regional surveys to identify promising geological formations;

                      2.   detailed surveys upon which to base the evaluation of specific

                           tracts;

                      3.   exploratory drilling to determine whether oil and gas are actually
                           present.

                      Both government and industry require good exploratory data for making
                decisions regarding OCS development.         Government requires the data for
                determining the value of the tracts it proposes for leasing.          In addition,

                     FLORIDA EXPLORATION PLANS

                     SALE/DATE             AREA            BLOCK NO.        LEASE NO.       LESSEE/OPERATOR            DATE*       -FILE CONTROL NO.                     RESULTS

                     32/1973          De5tI,n Dome            353              2466         Shell                      3/22/78            G-0019              Wells plugged & abandoned.
                                                                                                                                                              Lease expired.

                     41/1976          The Elbow               915              3341         Mobil                      8/18/80            N-0549              Well spudded 1/3/81. Plugged I
                                                                                                                                                              abandoned.

                     65/1978          Pensacola               973              3886         Mobil                      11/20/80           N-0594              Well spudded 4/17/81; drilling
                                                                                                                                                              9/1/81. Term contract.

                     65/1978          Destin Dome             529              3888         Shell                      12/18/79           G-0328              Plan approved 11/20/79. Wells
                                                                                                                                                              drilled, plugged & abandoned.

                     65/1978          Vernon                  654              3903         Mobil                      10/28/8o           N-W6                Well spudded 1/28/81. Drilling
                                                                                                                                                              4/1/81. Contract to 2/18/82.

                     65/1978          Charlotte Harb.         144              3906         Gulf                       8/12/80            N-0521              Well spudded 4/16/81. Plugged
                                                                                                                                                              abandoned. Ft. Myers as base.

                     65/1978          Charlotte Harb.         145              3907         Gulf                                                              Plan approved.     No drilling permit

                     65/1978          Charlotte Harb.         265              3912         Shell                      10/6/80            N-oW                Well spudded 1/4/81. Plugged
                                                                                                                                                              abandoned.

                     65/1973          Charlotte Harb.         628              3915         Mobil                      10/15/80           N-o613              well spudded 3/29/81.        Plugged
                                                                                                                                                              abandoned.

                     65/1978          Charlotte Harb.         672              3917         Tenneco                    2/22/80            G-0292              Well spudded 12/17/80. Plugged
                n                                                                                                                                             abandoned. Ft. Myers as base.
               40
               C

                Q

               00                                                                      Status of Florida exploration plans.

                                                                                                                       Port Manatee OCS Impact Study

                   FLORIDA EXPLORATION PLANS

                   SALE/DATE              AREA           BLOCK NO.       LEASE NO.       LESSEE/OPERATOR          DATE*        FILE CONTROL NO.                     RESULTS

                   41/1976          The Elbow              652              3342         Mobil                    3/6/81            N-0684              Plan approved 3/27/81. Lease expired.

                   41/1976          The Elbow              565, 566         3343,        Mobil                    3/6/81            N-o685              Plan approved 3/27/81. Lease expired.
                                                                            3344

                   65/1978          Pensacola              971              3886         Mobil                    1/8/82            N-0866              Plan approved 2/5/82.

                   65/1978          Pensacola              974              3887         Mobil                    1/8/82            N-CI865             Plan approved 2/5/82.

                   65/1978          Destin Dome            563              3890         Sohio                    2/19/81           N-0670              Well spudded 11/21/81; drilling
                                                                                                                                                        as of 12/11/81; contract to 3/84.

                   65/1978          Vernon                 610              3900         Chevron                  5/7/81            N-0733              Plan approved 6/12/81.      No drilling
                                                                                                                                                        permit granted yet.

                   65/1978          Tarpon Springs         277              390          Mobil                    11/23/81          N-C18115            Plan conditionally approved.

                   65/1978          St. Petersbueg         753              3905         Gulf                     1/4/82            N-CI86o             Plan approved 2/3/82.

                   65/1978          Charlotte Harb.        188, 231         3909,        Ocean                    4/27/81           N-0716              188 drilled, plugged & abandoned.
                                                                            3911         Production                                                     Port Manatee used as service base.

                   65/1978          Charlotte Harb.        715              3918         Chevron                  5/7/81            N-0734              Plan approved 6/12/81.      No drilling
                                                                                                                                                        permit granted yet.

                   65/1978          Charlotte Harb.        716              3919         Tenneco                                                        Plan submitted. not yet approved.

               -n

               17,                                                                  Status of Florida exploration plans.
               00

                                                                                                     continued

                                                                                                                    Port Manatee OCS Impact Study

                   government agencies need the data in order to assess any environmental
                   risks associated with developing a particular tract, and as a basis for
                   prescribing and enforcing rules to prevent waste and to conserve the natural
                   resources of the OCS, as required by the OCS Lands Act Amendments.

                        Industry needs the data for determining the value of tracts offered for
                   leasing.   Since this is one of the principal determinants of a company's
                   bonus bid, the better the data and its presentation and interpretation,
                   presumably the more competitive a company can be.

                        Offshore oil exploration is a highly complex marine operation.             When
                   exploration begins, operators select one of several types of mobile drilling
                   rigs (barge, drill ship, jack-up, or semisubmersible) appropriate to water
                   depth and ocean bottom conditions.        The methods and the equipment used
                   for offshore drilling are almost identical to those used on land.       The hole is
                   drilled using a rotary drill:    that is, the hole is drilled by a rotating drill
                   bit at the bottom of a "string" of drill pipe.       Cuttings from the drill face
                   are removed by a fluid called drilling mud, which is pumped do          wn through
                   the drill string, out through the bit, and circulated back to the surface via
                   the space between the drill string and the bore hole.               In addition to
                   removing cuttings, drilling mud acts to prevent blowouts by maintaining
                   formation zones penetrated as the hole is drilled.          Such sudden flows of
                   formation liquids or gases are called "blowouts."

                        Since   blowouts     are   dangerous,     expensive,    and     environmentally
                   damaging, a number of safeguards in addition to drilling mud are used to
                   minimize the likelihood of their occurrence. These include setting casing and
                   installing blowout preventers (BOP's).       Casing, which consists of relatively
                   large-diameter steel pipe, is set and cemented to a depth specified by the
                   Minerals Management Service's OCS operating orders.             The casing is, in
                   effect, a liner for the bore hole and may be as large as 36 inches in
                   diameter.   The surface casing also provides an attachment for the blowout
                   preventer stack, which consists of a series of control valves that are capable
                   of closing the bore hole to shut down the well in case extreme pressures
                   build up. Figures 1-9 and 1-10 illustrate casing and BOP stack.

                                                          1-18

                        Drilling itself usually is performed by large vessels called "rigs", which
                  may be self-propelled or towed from one tract to another.               Each drilling rig
                  employs up to 150 people full time -- about half on board the rig itself.
                  The other half work in support jobs on shore or on supply vessels, which
                  shuttle between the shoreside support bases and the rigs.                    Figure 1-11
                  shows representative personnel requirements of exploratory drilling rigs.
                  The personnel requirements listed in Figure 1-11 are averages based upon
                  recent exploratory activities in Louisiana offshore areas.                    During the
                  exploratory phase, the majority of the workers will not maintain local
                  residences.    However, if a'high level of exploratory activity is carried on
                  over the years, an increasing number of workers will reside locally.

                        Service/support bases for drilling rigs include pier space, storage
                  areas, offices, and repair facilities.        The demand for services, equipment,
                  and supplies provided by the various ancillary industries will occur as a
                  result of a series of offshore events during the exploration, development,
                  and production of oil and gas. Within the scope of this discussion, we are
                  concerned only with the exploration and development phases, and Chapter 2
                  will discuss in detail the onshore impacts that can be anticipated during
                  these phases.

                  Development Phase

                        Development drilling proceeds in much the same way as exploratory
                  drilling.   After commercial accumulations of oil or gas have been found and
                  fields delineated during the exploratory phase, the operator must formulate
                  and submit a plan for developing the field so that it can be produced. The
                  development plan, submitted to the Minerals Management Area Supervisor,

                  must include:

                        1.    a   detailed    description     of   drilling   vessels,     platforms,      and
                              structures, indicating where they are to be located, as well as
                              their major features;

                                                             1-19

                                                                                                                                                               >1

                                                                                                                                                               co

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                                                            CONDUC                                   SURFACE ML                                                0

                                                                                                     SHALE OR                                                  Q)
                                                                                                     CLAY                                                      a)

                                                                                                   GRAVEL BED

                                                                                                   SHALE
                                                                                                  FRESH WATER
                                                                                                  SAND
                                                              SURFACE                             SHALE                                                        4-0
                                                                                                                                                               0

                                                         IMMEDIATE
                                                                                             I  I

                                                                                                 LIMESTONE

                                                           PRODUCTION
                                                           CASING
                                                              CEMENT                           SHALE

                                                                                               OIL
                                                                                               SAND

                                                                  CASM                         SHALE
                                                                   SWE

                                                                 Casing strings anci pipe use(l 'n an oil @,Jj.

                                                                       Source: Energy Under the Oceans.

                                                                                   1-20                                           Figure 1-9

                                                                                                                       C/)

                                                                                                                       4-0
                                                                                                                       C)
                                                                                                                       CO
                                    HIGH                                                                               CL
                                    PRESSURE
                                    FLUID

                                           t
                                          U
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                                                                                                                       C13

                                                                                                                       0
                                                                                        tc
                                                                                      Ed

                                                                                             U

                                    P2171712-77=11111111 7777 77 7 7 7 77 ZZ 71

                                   A = Kelly; B = Rotary table; C = Hydr2ulic controls on derrick floor; D = Derrick
                                  floor; E = Manually ope-rated controls on side of subscructurc; F = Top prcventcr, which
                                  coamias Urge rubbcr element capable of scaling zround iny tool protruding Lhrough casing
                                  head; G = Pip< r2mi, which close A hole, provided drill string is removed.

                                                      Blowout preventer stack.

                                                       e:
                                                 Sourc    Energy Under the Oced[IS.

                                                               1-21                               Figure 1-10---

                                                                                                        70

                                                                                                        C/)

                                                                                                        co
                                                                                                        a
                                                                                                        E

                                               XPLORATORY DRILLING RIGS
                                              E                                                         0
                  EMPLOYEE TYPE                   LOCAL RESIDENTS           NON-LOCAL RESIDENTS

                  Contract rig crew                     30                          42
                  Dockside support                       6                                              CU
                  Service support                       16                            8                 C
                  Company supervision                                                 4                 co
                  Transportation                                                                        2
                       Air                               4                                              4-0
                       Marine                           16                                              L_
                                                                                                        0
                  TOTALS:                               72                          54

                                               DEVELOPMENT DRILLING RIGS

                  EMPLOYEE TYPE                   LOCAL RESIDENTS          NON-LOCAL RESIDENTS

                  Contract rig crew                     44                          12
                  Dockside support                       6
                  Service support                       10
                  Company supervision                    4

                  TOTALS:                               64                          12

                  Source: Florida Coastal Policy Study

                                      Typical Personnel Requirements of
                                      Exploratory & Development Drilling
                                      Rigs Based on Source

                                                        1-22                     -Figure I-11--i

                       2.   the location of each well to be drilled;

                       3.   structural interpretations of the drilling area; and

                       4.   any other information the Area Supervisor may require.

                       A separate drilling permit must also be submitted; this is identical to
                  the  Application for Permit to Drill the operator submits prior to drilling
                  exploratory wells. Because of the comprehensive nature of the development
                  plan, the plan is a good source of information for state and local agencies in
                  anticipating onshore development pressures.

                       Based on previous experience in the Gulf of Mexico, fewer workers are
                  required on the rig to drill a development well as compared to an exploratory
                  well.  Development drilling is usually characterized by fewer uncertainties,
                  so that less effort is required to effectively monitor drilling activity.    More
                  workers are required during this phase for on-shore support services than
                  during exploration. Figure 1-11 shows average monthly employment figures
                  during the development phase.

                  Supplies and Services

                       Both exploratory and development drilling operations require a range of
                  supplies, equipment, and skilled personnel.        Some specific supplies and
                  services needed to support offshore exploratory and development drilling

                  are:

                       0    Drilling muds and mud engineers;
                       0    Cement;
                       0    Drilling tools and equipment;
                       0    Wellhead equipment (including blowout preventers);
                       0    Rental tools;
                       0    Helicopter transport;
                       0    Crew and supply boats; and
                       0    Offshore food and linen services.

                                                        1-23

                      The following sections provide general descriptions of the major supplies
                and services required for offshore exploration and development activities.

                      1.    Drilling Muds and Mud Engineers - The "muds" that are pumped
                            downhole to lubricate drilling equipment and maintain pressures in
                            the geological formation are actually suspensions of premixed
                            chemicals and minerals.     Large amounts of the mud mixture are
                            needed for drilling.    Because muds must be custom-made to suit
                            unique downhole conditions, the chemical formulation of mud
                            mixtures requires the expertise of professional "mud engineers"
                            who are actually chemists.

                      2.    Cement, - Cement companies also provide highly specialized services
                            for offshore drilling operations.     The cement company furnishes
                            the required bulk cement and additives, and blends them in the
                            proper proportions before delivery to the drilling rig. Because of
                            the highly specialized nature of well cementing operations, oil
                            companies or drilling contractors rely on established, proven
                            cement companies for these services.

                                         DRILLING MATERIALS REQUIRED PER WELL

                            Material             Exploration                 Development

                            mud (tons)                 642                        525
                            cement (tons)              315                        286
                            steel tubulars (tons)      455                        477
                            diesel fuel (bbl)          3318                      3570
                            fresh water (mil gal)      1.19                       .97

                            (Source: NERBC)

                                                        1-24

                        3.   Drilling Tools and Equipment - Drilling tools and equipment are
                             required by contractors and oil companies during the drilling
                             process.  There are only a handful of major tool and equipment
                             companies,   and   these   companies   serve   exploratory    drilling
                             operations in all of the OCS regions.

                        4.   Wellhead Equipment - Wellhead equipment is used by drilling
                             contractors and oil companies with surface equipment to control oil
                             and gas wells during drilling and production.       Technicians are
                             needed to supervise the installation and maintenance of           the
                             wellhead equipment.

                        5.   Rental Tools - Rental tools are needed by offshore operators for
                             several functions, including drilling, cutting, tool retrieval, and
                             installing certain types of equipment.

                        6.   Crew and Supply Boats - Another important service provided to
                             offshore drilling contractors and oil and gas operators is the use
                             of crew and supply boats for transporting personnel, supplies,
                             and equipment to and from the drilling rigs. Depending upon the
                             amount of exploration activity, the number of boats will vary.
                             Specifications for representative crew and supply boats are given
                             in Figures 1-12 and 1-13.

                        7.   Helicopter Services - Helicopter companies transport crews, deliver
                             supplies, and provide emergency services to offshore rigs and
                             platforms. The number of people employed by a helicopter service
                             depends on the number of helicopters at the facility.            Most
                             helicopters require only one crew member, the pilot. The number
                             of maintenance personnel required varies from one mechanic for
                             two helicopters to two mechanics for one helicopter, depending on
                             the type of aircraft and the level of repair work performed at a
                             given base.   Although flights are usually scheduled for daylight
                             hours, pilots and mechanics are on 24-hour call should emergency
                             service be required. Three or four administrative personnel would
                             also be employed at each helicopter base.

                                                        1-25

                      8.   Boat and Helicopter Requirements

                           Distance offshore           less than 150 mi      more than 150 mi

                           Supply boats                2 per rig             3 per rig
                           Crew boats                  I per rig                   0
                           Helicopter                  I per 2 rigs          I per rig

                           Source: NERBC, November 1976

                      9.   Catering Services - A catering company provides food service and
                           general housekeeping service to offshore operators.               Such a
                           company generally operates out of one central onshore facility that
                           may service an entire offshore area. The facility usually consists
                           of an office, and a warehouse, where food and supplies are stored
                           prior to shipment offshore.

                      Appendix A. lists in detail typical offshore material requirements.

                SCENARIOS

                No Find Scenario

                      The "no find" scenario is based on the leasing and exploration history
                of the eastern Gulf of Mexico, anticipated future leasing, and optimistic
                attitudes toward the prospectiveness of the region.           Historically, no more
                than five wells have been drilled simultaneously offshore Florida. As stated
                earlier, it takes about four months to drill one exploratory well.           In 1981,
                there were 12 exploratory wells drilled off Florida.             These wells, with
                possibly one exception, were drilled on acreage acquired in 1978. Working
                on the premise stated earlier, that exploration of tracts leased in a given
                sale will be completed five years following the sale, exploration of 1978 leases
                will probably be completed by the end of 1983.                Exploration of leases
                acquired in 1981 and 1982 will probably begin no earlier than late-1983.
                While twenty Florida tracts were leased in 1981, only ten were acquired in
                1982.   The no find scenario will assume that the smaller number of tracts

                                                        1-26

                                                                                                                   U)

               BLACK GOLD MARINE, INC.
               Terminal: Belle Chasse, La.                                                                         co
                                                                                                                   CL
               Name:            M/V CHIMERA                                                                        E
               Builde r:        Camcraf t, Inc.
               Year Built:      1975                                                                               V)

                                                                                                                   0
               Dimensi ons:                                  Ma chi ne ry:
                  Length                  100,                  Mai n          3 12V71 Turbo s
                  Beam                    22'                   Generator 2 3-71 Diesels                           4-6
                  Depth              91 411                     Drivi ng       2 ea. 30 KW Delco                   Ct$
                  Max. Draft            51                      Compre s s -                                       C
                  Deck Space        44'  x 22'                    ed Air       2 Quincy 150 CFM                    ca
                  Passengers            59                                                                         2
                  Cargo           25 Long Tons               Ele c t ronic s                                       4-0
                  Fuel            2, 400 gallons                Radio          Drake TRM 150 Watt SSB
                                                                                                                   0
                  Water              600 gallons                               RF 11 Channel VHF                   0-
                  Ballast         7, 500 gallons                                RF-422 Ringer
                  Wheels         34 x 32 Bronze                 Radar          Decca'914
                                  4 Blade                       Loran          Decca DAL 222
               Perf ormance:                                    Fathometer Pacifica 2600
                  Speed             Z8 MPH
                  Fuel/hr.          70 gallons               OTHER:
                  Range           800 miles w/Res.              Fully Air Conditioned
                  Air Controls         Yes                      6 Bunks
                  Flying Bri dge         Yes                    3 Club Areas
                  Fire Pump              Yes                    I Lounge Area
                                                                Water Cooler
               Black Gold Lounge Area                           3 Man Crew
                                                                Ove rs i zed Galley
                                                                2 Marine Heads
                                                                U.S.C.G. Certificated to
                                                                     Carry aviation fuel
                                                                PAS Premium Engine Monitoring
                                                                     Control s

                             BLACK GOLD MARINE, INC
                              4528 ONE SHELL SQUARE / NEW ORLEANS. LOUISIANA 70139 / (604) 522-0793

                                           CREW BOAT SPECIFICATIONS

                                                  SOURCE: NERBC

                                                              1-27                             Figure 1-12 ___j

                                                                                   ARTHUR LEVY BOAT SERVICE, INC.                                                                                                                         -1-4
                                                                                                            A PETROLANE CO.                                                                                                               00

                                                                                     Specifications for M/V                        BANDA SEAHORSE
                                                                                                                                                                TUG/SUPPLY VESSEL                                                         co
                                                                                   Owner            Southern Offshore Boats. Inc.                                                 No. in Crew                                             CL
                                                                                   Operator           Offshore Crews, Inc.                                                                            7                                   E
                                                                                   Official No.     - 561338                       Port of                     Morgan             City, Louisiana
                                                                                   Builder           Jacksonvi           Ile Shipyards, Inc.                                      Year Built         1974
                                                                                   Built to    U.S.C.G. Spec.            yes , Classed              A -1,      A.B.S. Load Line I nternat I                   nal
                                                                                   Net Tonnage               201               -Gross Tonnage                                     295.69
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          0
                                                                                   Length          2041                        Beam           401                          Depth      '161611
                                                                  1:4,, 1,1 [01,1 1,j Light Draft           8t                 _Maximum Draft                                     141
                                                                                   Clear Deck Space Length                         1091                         Width                     35f
                                                                                   Main Engines No.              2 . Mfg.            Alco                                            251 V12                                              cu
                                                                                                                                                        -, Model                                                                          r_
                                                                                   Total H.P. Con.              5350                    Int.      5885                     - Max.         6160
                                                                                   Reduction Gear                  Luf k! n 5:        1                  - Bollard                Pull.    60 Tons
                                                                                   Steering        Hydraulic                , Propellers            108"                   - , Shafts          11-112" ss
                                                                                   Vessel Speed . 17 mph , Fuel Consumption                               285 UhRange                  7150 miles
                                                                                   Stern Controls                   yes            Bow Thruster:           Schotte         I      Mdl 5225L, 450 hp

                                                                                   Fuel Gals.. 113. 400 ga I                                   Transfer Rate               610 gpm @ 1501 hd
                                                                                   Ballast Water Bbls.                   3500            .,Transfer Rate                   610 qpm @ 1501 hd
                                                              0.167.16491*1        Potable Water Gals. - 20, 160 ga I                                Lube Oil              6856 gal                  -
                                                                                   Drill Mud and Cement Tanks No.                          4              'Cap. ea.               920 cu. ft.
                                                                                   Mud and Cement Transfer Rate                                 1500 cu.ft./hr.

                                                                                   Towing & Anchor Handling Winch                          HBL Md1 DDW-200 WHL
                                                                                                250,000 1b. line pull
                                            TOW & MOORING ditil                    Stern Roller _. 5 ' d i a x             81 lonq            , A-Frame            oQne
                                                                                   Ships Windlass               New England Trawler, 30,000 lb. hydraulic
                                                                                   Ships Anchors             (3) 2000 1b.                                  Chain           30 shots of 1-1/2"

                                                                                   Certified to Carry              21          Persons, State R        orns          9            Berths         23
                                                                                                                                                   r1o
                                                                                   Galley                      --tr i c-               EQUiued
                                                                                                81 1 elec                . Eu I I y                          _,            Accommodates                  15
                                                                                   Air Cond-                         Central                                         Heating               Central

                                                           040140-M41:1.1          No, 2-Kato                 KW               200      each, Volts              208-440
                                                                                   Engines Mfg.               Caterpi          Ilar                        Model                  D-343

                                                                                   Radios          VHF &      SSB                                Radars                    (2) Decca 196
                                                NAV.     &   COMM.          :to],  Fathometer Decca ELAC LA 241C                                   Auto Pilot                     Decca
                                                                                   Gyro Compass                 Decca Sirius                   Direction Finder                   MK 21

                                                                                   Kort knozz les, Ice Strengthened Hu I I C;200 amp wel dero 2 capstans @
                                               SPECIAL &-14011.11*1                10. 000# 1 i ne pu I I ea., 2 tugger w i nches @ 10. 000# 14!- 2 cha i n w lldca�a
                                                                                   tor 3" chain- 125-000# J.p., 2 storage reels 61 dia. x 41,

                                                                                      SUPPLY BOAT SPECIFICATIONS

                                                                                                     SOURCE: NERBC

                                                                                                                         1-28                                                                  Figurel-13 ___j

                  leased in Sale 67 (1982) indicates industry's diminishing interest in the
                  eastern Gulf area, particularly in the greater Charlotte Harbor administrative
                  area. Other assumptions made for this scenario are:

                       0    25 percent of tracts leased will be drilled, or one well drilled for
                            each four tracts.

                       0    A drilling rig will move from one lease to another until finished
                            with all the wells contracted for on a given lease.

                       0    Because of the proximity of existing active leases and tracts to be
                            offered in the near future, industry         will use the existing
                            temporary service base at Port Manatee for most, if not all,
                            exploration activities.

                       0    Twenty exploration plans will be submitted for leases purchased at
                            Sale 65 (1978). Fifteen wells have already been drilled. Another
                            six will be drilled in 1982, completing drilling on Sale 65 leases.

                       Using these assumptions, in the period from 1981 to the end of 1988,
                  60 dry or noncommercial holes will be drilled. Figure 1-14 shows the level
                  of activity and material and personnel requirements characteristic of the no
                  find scenario.

                  Low Find Scenario

                       The low find scenario assumes that a commercial find will be made in
                  1983. After a discovery at one well, several delineation wells will be drilled
                  to determine the parameters of the newly found field.       Once a commercial
                  field is delineated, it may be as much as 18 months to 2 years before the
                  first platform is installed on the field.  At this rate, production will not
                  likely begin until late 1984. At the same time as delineation and development
                  wells are being drilled, a number of new exploratory wells will be spudded,
                  as a result of the encouraging finds.

                                                      1-29

                       Until the discovery is made, however, the pace of exploratory activity
                 will be roughly the same as in the no find scena@rio.              in the period
                 1982-1988, a total of 249 exploratory, delineation, and development wells will
                 be drillej.   Operators will be satisfied, at least for a while, that all the
                 known commercial fields in the area offshore central and southwestern Florida
                 have been discovered.      Exploratory activity will continue beyond 1988 at
                 about the 1987-88 level.

                       Development drilling on the discovered fields will continue until the
                 level of maximum attainable yield has been reached. Then, production will
                 go on until the fields are depleted.         Figure' 1-15 shows the pattern of
                 drilling to be expected under the low find scenario.

                 Medium Find Scenario

                       The medium find scenario assumes that fields with similar production
                 characteristics of many of the mature central and western Gulf hydrocarbon
                 fields will be found in the eastern Gult; this scenario also assumes a
                 discovery in 1983. The medium find scenario is the one postulated by the
                 Bureau of Land Management in environmental impact statements covering the
                 eastern Gulf region.      Inferences are made upon government estimates of
                 mean undiscovered recoverable resources.        Figure 1-16 depicts the pace of
                 exploratory, delineation, and development well drilling for the medium find
                 scenario.    Also shown are the service base support requirements and
                 employment profiles for this scenario.

                 High Find Scenario

                       The high find scenario postulates the discovery, beginning in 1983, of
                 a number of giant hydrocarbon-bearing fields, similar in magnitude to some
                 of the fields found off the coasts of Texas and Louisiana. The discovery of
                 such a field or fields in the shallow water areas off Florida seems, at the
                 present time, to be a very remote possibility.         The probability of such a
                 discovery is statistically below five percent.       The number of exploratory,

                                                         1-30

                                                                                                                                               01                        1
                                                                                                                                             4 C
                                                                                                                                             1 0                         0
                                                                                             0
                                                                                                                 C                                              Ck4
                                     ACTIVITIES L                 z              U CL        CL                  0        z
                                                                                  -0
                                   -REQuIREMENTS              :31
                                     YEAR/PMSE
                                     82  EXPLORATION    1         6        2       144               3.8S2    1.8  C)   2.730' 19,908        7.14       2        4       1
                                         DEVELOPM   ENT

                                         TOTAL

                                     83  EXPLORATION              5        2       144      108      3,210    1,575     2.275   16.590       5.95       2        4

                                         DEVELOPMENT

                                         TOTAL

                                    84   EXPLOKATION              10       3   1   216      162      6.420    3,150     4.550   3j.-18*0   11.9         3        6       2

                                         DEVELOPMENT
                '7"                      TOTAL

                                     85  EXPLORATION              13       5       360      250      8,346    4.095     5.915 -43.134      15-47        5       10       2

                                         DEVELOPMENT

                                         TOTAL

                                     86  EXPLORATION              12       4       288      216      7,704    3,790     5,460   39.816     t4.28        4        8       2

                                         DEVELOPME,NT.

                                         TOTAL

                                     87  EXPLORATION              9        3       216      16.2     5,778    2,835     4 095   29,862     10-71        3        6       2

                                         DEVELOPMENT

                                         TOTAL

                                     68  EXPLORATION              5        2       144      108      3,210 1  1,575     2,2    11 .590       5.95       2        4       1

                "n                       DEVELOPMENT

                                         TOTAL
                                                                                                                     @
                                                                                                                          0 95

                                                                                                                        2275

                                                               Scale of offshore operations aTTd-material and personnel requirements,

                                                                  no find scenario.

                                                                                                                    Port Manatee OCS Impact Study

                                                                                                                                                                    10 C
                                                                                                   U        U U                                                     1  0
                                                                                                            0 >.                                        -  W                                 >-
                                                                                                   0                      A       C                      U          z                        -.       3
                                                                                                   -        1 2           C          C       Q 3                                             CL
                                            ACTIVITIES                                          Q 0.        C (1,         0                                                       M          CL
                                                                                                 0          0          x  "                                                                  3        Q
                                            AEQUIREMENTS

                                            YEAR/PKASE
                                            32   EXPLORATICH                 6           2         216      162       3,852      1  890     2,730     19.908        7.14          2          4        1

                                                 OEv ELO Pm Ei T

                                                 TOTAL

                                            23   EXPLORATION                 5           2         176      108       3,210      1,575      2,275     16,590        5.95          2          4        1

                                                 DEVELOPMENT

                                                 TOTAL

                                           34    EXPLORATION                 18          6         432      324       11.556     5,670      8,190     59,724      21 .42          6          12       3
                                                 OEYELOPMENT                 9           3         192        36      4,725      2,574      4,293     32,130        8.73          3          6        1
                                                 TOTAL                       27          9         624      3 60      16,281     8,244      12,483    gi,854      30-15           9          18       4
                 LID                        85   EXPLOR.ATION                18          6         432      324       11,   6'   5,670      8,1                   21.42           6          12
                                                                                                                         55                      90   59,724                                          3

                                                 DEVELOPMENT                 11          1;                   60      6-825      3-718      6-201     46-4to      12-61           5          10       2
                                                 TOTAL _                     31       1  1         ZS2      18h       18-381     9.188     14.391     106,134     34.03           11         22       5
                                            86   EXPLORATION                 2S          9         648      .486      116,OSO    7,87s     11.17S       82.9SO    29.7S    1      9          18  j    4
                                                 DEVELOPMENT                 15          S         140        60      7.87S      4.290      LISS        53,S50    14,55           5          10       2
                                                 TOTAL                       40        14          968      S46       23,925    12,16S     18,530     136,500     44.30           14         28       6

                                            87   E X PLO PAT I ON
                                                 OEVELOPMENT                 21_         7         448        84      -11 .02S   6.006     10,017       74.970    20,37           7          14       3

                                                 TOTAL

                                            38   EXPLORATION
                  'n                             QEVELOPMENT                 21          7         448        84      11,025     6,006                74,970 .20.37               7          14
                                                 TOTA@
                                                                                             @
                                                                                                   32

                                                                                                   192
                                                                                                   624

                                                                                                   432

                                                                     Scale   of offshore operations and material and personnel requirements,

                                                                        low  find scenario.

                                                                                                                                    Port Manatee OCS Impact Study

                                                                                                                                           U              141                                                        2                v   C
                                                                                                                                           lu             UQ                                                                          1   0
                                                                                                            4)                                            .2 3--                                                      -                                                                0
                                                                                                            ::                                                                A        C A
                                                                                                                                                          2                   C               C        tj 3
                                                              C T I V I T I E S 6                                           a, 10       U  a.                                                          Q   .0                                           U 10
                                                                                                                                                                                              0
                                                                                                         w                  si          0                                     2               'Z@
                                                                 @u IRE ?-ENT S                                                                           x                                                           Ca                                                               r

                                                             f EA R/PtA SE
                                                             32      EXPLORAT       I ON                    6               2           144               Ioa           1 FIC@7      1 89o          2   7 10'     119-908            7    1 @L-         2               4              1
                                                                     DEVELOPMENT

                                                                     TOTAL
                                                             23      EXPLORAT 1 :-NI                     -18                6       1   412               124           1 1 C1@6     5 670          8.igO         S9-724           21 .42               6            12                3
                                                                     DEVELOPMENT                         is                 S           120               60            7-87S        4-290          7 @ I S S     SI.SSO           14.55                5            10                2
                                                                     TOTAL                               13                 11          7S2               384           19,411       9,960        IS.14S          1 11,274         35.97                11           22                5
                                                           34        EXPLORATION                         32                 It          792       1       S94           ZQ-S44       JO.080       14.S60          106.176          38.o8                I1           22                5
                                                                     DEVELOPMENT                         1 1;      1        9;          120               60            7 871;       4a290          LISS            53.SSO         14.SS                5                              2
                                                                     TOTA    L                           47                 16      1,112                 6S4           28.419       @4.370       21.71S          IS9.726          52,63                16           32                7
                                                            85       EXPLORAT ION                        4S                 Is      1.010                 810           28,090,      14,175       20,47S          149,310          53.5S                15           30                7
                                                                     DEVELOPMENT                         20                 7           448               84            1d.SOO       S.720          9.S40           71.400         19.4                 7            14                3
                                                                     TOTAL                               6S                 22      I.S28                 894           jq@jqo       19.g25_ 30@015               220,710          72.95                22           44         110
                                                            86       EXPLOPLATION                        4S                 Is      1,080                 810           28,890       14,175       20,475          149,310          53.55                15           30                7
                                                                     IDEVELOPMENT                        2S                 8           512               96            13,125       7,150        11,925            89,250         z4.25                8            16                4
                                                                     TOTAL                               70                 23      I.S92                 906           42.015       1'. 325      32.400          1238,560         77.8                 23           46                11
                                                            87       EXPLORATION                         20                 7           504          -;.376             12.840       6,300          9.100           66,360         23.8                 7            14                3
                                                                     DEVELOPMENT                     --15                   12          768               144           18.375   .110.010         16,695          124.950          33.95                12           24                6
                                                                     TOTAL                               55                 19      1,272                 520           31.215       16.310       25,795          191,310          57.7                 19           38                9
                                                            88       EXPLORATION                         15                 5           360               250           9,630        1,575             1825         49 770         17.85                5            10                2
                         n                                           DEVELOPMENT                         35                 12          768         _144                18 375       0 010        16-16-915,      124,950          33-95                12           24                6
                       a                                             To rAL                              50        1        17      11.128                394           p8,005                    23,520          174,720          51.8                 17           34                8
                        C
                                                                                                Scale       of     offshore             operations and                  material and personnel requirements,
                                                                                                                                                                        @65 7
                                                                                                                                                                              0      '        I'
                                                                                                                                                                        18 375       10 0 0

                                                                                                                                                                        2
                                                                                                                                                                        800
                                                                                                                                                                        @     5      0 585

                                                                                               medium             find scenario.

                                                                                                                                                                                              Port Manatee OCS Impact Study

                  delineation, and development wells may seem to be unusually high, but in
                  this scenario, it is assumed that the discovery of a giant field off Florida
                  would divert industry's attention away from less promising areas.

                       Onshore impacts will, under the high find scenario, be much more
                  significant than under the other scenarios.     At least two permanent service
                  bases would locate on the Florida Gulf Coast.       Supply and crew boat and
                  helicopter traffic would increase dramatically, and existing offshore facilities
                  at Port Manatee would be under great expansion pressure to expand.

                       Figure 1-17 presents the pace and scale of offshore drilling, and the
                  material and personnel requirements characteristic of the high find scenario.

                       The corresponding onshore service base support and employment
                  requirements for each phase of offshore development, given all scenarios,
                  will be discussed in Chapter 2.

                  NOTES ON SCENARIOS

                       The numbers for the tables at the end of each scenario were derived in
                  the main from the multipliers set forth in the NERBC Factbook, applied to
                  the low, medium, and high find scenarios developed by the Bureau of Land
                  Management for lease sales A66 and 66 for the Gulf of Mexico. The figures
                  from these two sources formed the basis for scenario-building, and have
                  been modified somewhat in light of other sources and actual OCS exploratory
                  experience in the eastern Gulf of Mexico.

                                                        1-34

                                                                                                                                                         M   C
                                                                                                                                                         3   0
                                                                                                     0
                                                                                                      0
                                                                                            2        1                                                              1 .                 Q
                                                                                                                                   w
                                         ACTIVITIES                 7   z         M       U 01       Ca                                                                      CL
                                         REQ@ I REmENTS             @b         w            B

                                         Y EA R/PKA S E
                                         32   EXPL^QATION               6         2       216        162       3.852    1,890      2.730   ig,w8-        7-- 14                4        1
                                              OE V E LO Pm EN T*

                                              TOTAL

                                         33   EXPLORATION                         A       4i2        124    1 1 C;rA    r Am          Igo  qq-774      ')1 42       6        12         A
                                              DEVELOPMENT               15        5       320         60      7.875     4,290      7,155   53.550      W55          5        10         2
                                              TOTAL                     33        11      752        384    19,431      9.960    15,345    1 13.274    35-97        11       22         5
                                         34   EXPLORATION               80        26    1,872   ''1,404     51,360    25.200     36,400    265,44o     95.2         26       52         13
                                              DEVELOPMENT               25        8       512         96    13,125      7.150    11.925      89,250    24. 25       8        16         4
                                              TOTAL                 105           34    2,384     1.500     64,485    32.350     48,325    354,69011   19.45        34       68         17
                                         85   EXPLO RAT ION             80        26    1.872     1,404     51,360   125,200     36,4oO    265.44ol    95.2         26   1   52         13
                                              DEVELOPMENT               25        8       512         96    13,125      7.150--  11,925    _89J250     24. 25       8        16         4
                                              TOTAL                 105           34    12. 384   1.500     64,485    32,3150    48-1312-5- .354,690   119.45       @4       68         17
                                         86   EXPLORATION           100           33    2,376     1,782     64,200    31,500     45,500    -331,8oo    119.         33       66         16
                                              DEVELOPMENT               35        12      768        144    18,375    10.wo      161695-   iz4,950     33-95        12       24         6
                                              TOTAL                 135-          45    ),144     1,926     8-2-,5,75, 4 1 " 5 10 62,195   456,750     152-95       45       90         22

                                         37   EXPLORATION               60        20    1,440     1.080     38,520    18.900     27,300    199,080     71.4         20       40         10
                                              DEVELOPMENT               48        16    1,024        192    25,200   .13.  72B   22,896    1171,36o    46-56        16       32         8
                                              TOTAL                 w8            36    2,464     1,2-72-   631720    32,628     50.196    370,440     117.96       36       72         18

                                         38   E X PLO FLA T I ON        40        14    1 , oo8      756    25,68o   -12.600     18.200    132.720     47.6         14       28         7
                                              DEVELOPMENT               48        16    1,024        192    25,200    13,728     22,896    171,360     46,56        16       32         8
                                              TOTAL                     88        30    2,032        948    50,880   -26,328     -41@096   .304,080    94.16        30       60         15

                                                            Scale of    offshore operations andmaterial and                   personnel requirements,

                                                            high find   scenario.

                                                                                                                              Port Manatee OCS Impact StuFy

                                                   CHAPTER 2

                              ANTICIPATED ONSHORE DEMANDS

                       The nature and- extent of onshore development resulting from OCS oil
                 and gas activities in a particular area is closely related to the scale and
                 timing of offshore development.      Consequently, where the assumptions made
                 in Chapter 1 were critical in estimating possible offshore activities, this
                 importance is compounded in translating these offshore activities into onshore
                 facility requirements.     Perhaps the most critical assumptions throughout
                 these first two chapters relates to the quantities of oil and gas that may be
                 discovered in the eastern Gulf of Mexico resource province and the rate at
                 which exploration and development proceed.          Assumptions relating to the
                 timing of exploration, discoveries and subsequent development activities are
                 the key to broader assumptions; they form the basis for estimating what may
                 happen offshore, and thus, onshore.

                      OCS scenarios, as developed in Chapter 1 and repeated in the last
                 sections of this chapter, are postulated development sequences including
                 lease sale,    exploration,   development,    and some hypotheses regarding
                 production.    The scenarios are not predictions of oil and gas activities.
                 They are, rather, hypotheses used for the purpose of determining offshore
                 and onshore impacts of a range of activities if they were to occur as
                 postulated.   If the postulated activities do not take place within the time
                 frames indicated in the scenarios, it does not mean that the scenarios are
                 without value.    They can be adjusted according to the actual timing of
                 events.   In short, while the scenarios are based on analyses of past events
                 in comparable situations, each OCS region is different in many ways from all
                 others. Only the actual discovery of hydrocarbons and the determination of
                 the size of a field or fields will offer accurate information upon which
                 predictions rather than postulations can be made. Thus, the postulations of
                 the scenarios are points for discussion:       points from which a study can
                 proceed.

                                                        2-1

                EXPLORATION PHASE

                      During the exploration phase, onshore activity is generally minimal.
                Onshore operations during this stage are limited to the port-centered
                servicing requirements of exploration vessels.         Harbor activity revolves
                around loading ships with drilling equipment, pipe, chemicals, drilling muds,
                food, supplies, and the like.     Transfer of these materials to and from the
                rigs goes on more or less continuously.

                      Most of the ancillary industries supporting OCS oil and gas exploration
                do not establish facilities in a frontier region until after commercially
                recoverable quantities of oil and/or gas are discovered.         However, certain
                support industries, including mud companies, cement companies, and
                helicopter companies, will often establish a facility in the area.          Others,
                including drilling tool and equipment companies, fishing and rental tool
                companies, and catering companies, will often send personnel and equipment
                from their existing facilities, and perhaps maintain a small office or
                warehouse in the region.

                      Other services and supplies are provided by existing businesses during
                exploration.    The oil companies will often arrange for the          provision of
                welding and machine shop services, oil spill control services, and general
                supplies with these local firms, which may decide to expand at a later time.

                DISCOVERY AND DEVELOPMENT PHASE

                      Once a commerc  ial hydrocarbon discovery is made, the pace of onshore
                activity increases.    The total time frame of the development cycle can be
                from 15 to 40 years depending upon the type of petroleum found, the extent
                of the find, and the rate of extraction.      However, the peak activity period
                of construction- development will last for only a few years, during which time
                petroleum may come to dominate a local or regional economy, and the
                resulting development may place undue strain on social and natural systems
                that might last beyond the era of offshore production.           The development

                                                        2-2

                  cycle comes to an end with the depletion of the offshore fields (Lamson and
                  others, "Coastal Communities: Continuity and Change", in New Directions in
                  Ocean Law, Policy and Management, Dalhousie Ocean Studies Programme,
                  Vol. 2, Issue 2, May 1982).

                        If the field discovered is large, a platform fabrication yard may be
                  sited in a shoreline area accessible to the field.      From the fabrication yard,
                  the platforms can be towed or barged to the field.           Due to the location of
                  existing platform fabrication yards in Texas, Louisiana and Mississippi, as
                  well as the capital expenditures involved in establishing such an operation,
                  it is unlikely any such facility will be developed in Florida.

                        At the same time, refineries may be constructed if none already exist,
                  or if those in operation cannot handle production from the discovery.
                  Refineries can be located either at the shoreline or inland, closer to
                  distribution markets, and may be supplied with crude oil by either vessel or
                  pipelines.   Gas processing plants may also be built near the coast during
                  this phase.

                        The Gulf Coast already has an extensive refining network. Thus, it is
                  highly unlikely at this time that (barring a huge hydrocarbon find) any new
                  refineries would be located on the Gulf Coast of Florida. Figure 2-1 shows
                  the current refining capacity of Gulf coastal counties and parishes by state.

                        Pipeline construction, both onshore and offshore, is also a major
                  activity during the development phase.        Pipe fabrication and coating yards
                  are established, and operations for offshore pipe laying are begun.             Large
                  supply depots are required for storage of drill pipe, cement, drilling          muds,
                  and drilling equipment. There are already a number of such facilities         on the
                  Gulf Coast (see Figure 2-2).

                        Harbors and channels may need to be dredged and wharves constructed
                  or expanded to accommodate the additional marine traffic.              Facilities for
                  repair of supply boats and drilling rigs may also be built.                      Land

                                                          2-3

                transportation routes -- highways and railroads -- may need to be improved
                to provide movement of personnel, equipment, and supplies.

                     Since the development phase calls for a larger number of workers, local
                communities are subjected to demands for housing and related facilities and
                services during this phase.      During this phase, the influx of specialized
                labor into coastal areas may require expanded public services such as
                schools and hospitals, and new or upgraded utilities -- sewer, water, and
                electricity. However, once the oil facilities are built and in operation, the
                number of jobs in the area will diminish, and with them will go the families
                that, during the construction phase, placed these additional demands upon
                the community. Planners should be aware of the dangers of overbuilding in
                response to this temporary influx, and the desirability of creating a
                diversified economy to provide new jobs when the construction boom has

                ended.

                     In the transition phase between the development and production phases,
                heavy construction declines and operations related to supply and maintenance
                increase.   Other industries, such as petrochemical plants, manufacturers,
                and commercial /retail establishments, move into the coastal regions.       Supply
                boats, generally about two per platform, continue to use the harbor facilities
                for transfer of personnel and supplies to platforms.       This transfer may be
                augmented by helicopter traffic from nearby airfields.

                     Figure 2-3 summarizes activities characteristic of the exploration and
                development phases.      These activities will be further discussed in the
                scenario development section.

                THE SERVICE BASE

                      Service bases serve as logistical links between offshore operations and
                onshore support activities during all phases of OCS oil and gas development.
                During exploration, the service base is a center for crew changes and
                equipment and supply transfers. The service base may be operated by an

                                                       2-4

                                                                                                           >#

                                                                                                          0)

                                                                                                           co
                                                                                                           a
                                                                                                           E

                                                                                                          co

                                                                                                          0

                   State                      Number of Refineries             Crude Oil Capacity          co
                                                                                      (bpcd)               C
                                                                                                           CU
                   Alabama                                3                           96,400              2

                   Florida                                2                           41,400
                                                                                                           0
                   Louisiana                             25                        2,408,758              a-

                   Mississippi                             1                         280,000

                   Texas                                 37                        4,496,556

                   bpcd = barrels per calendar day

                   Source: Havran, 1982.

                                   Refining Capacity of the Gulf Coast by State

                                                        2-5                            Figure 2-1

                                                                                                          co
                                                                                                          a
                                                                                                          E

                      Company                                               Location                      co

                                                      Texas
                                                                                                          0

                      Morrison-Knudsen Co., Inc.                            Houston
                      Nippon Kokan K.K.                                     Houston
                      Raymond International                                 Houston
                      Panama-Williams, Inc.                                 Houston                       CU
                      NOVA Pressure Services                                Houston                       C
                      Northwest Constructors, Inc.                          Houston                       co
                      H.H. Null, Inc.                                       Houston
                      Netherlands Offshore Co.                              Houston
                      Natural Gas Construction   Co.                        Houston
                      Mid-Valley, Inc.                                      Houston
                      Marathon Paving and Utility   Construction            Houston
                      McDermott Incorporated                                Houston
                      Brown & Root                                          Port O'Connor
                      U.S. Steel                     Louisiana              Baytown

                      McDermott Incorporated                                Lafayette
                      Brown & Root                                          Morgan City
                      Brown & Root                                          Harvey
                      McDermott Incorporated                                Gibson.
                      Williams-McWilliams Co., Inc.                         New Orleans
                      McDermott Incorporated                                Venice
                      Brown & Root                                          Belle Chasse
                      Brown & Root                                          Intracoastal City
                      McDermott Incorporated                                New Iberia

                      Source: BLM OCS Office, New Orleans, 1980, unpublished documents.

                                    Pipe Coating and Fabrication Facilities

                                                        2-6                            Figure.2-2

                                                                                                   CD

                                                                                                  Co
                                                                                                  a
                                                                                                  E

                                                                                                   (1)

                                                                                                   0

                                                EXPLORATION PHASE

                 Establishment of temporary service base, including:
                                                                                                  CU
                                                                                                  C
                      �    mud companies
                      �    cement companies
                      �    helicopter companies
                      �    drilling tool and equipment companies
                      0    fishing (tool retrieval) and rental tool companies
                      �    catering companies

                                               DEVELOPMENT PHASE

                 Platform fabrication yard established in area
                 Refinery(ies) may be constructed
                 Pipe fabrication and coating yards may be sited
                 Expansion of temporary service base
                 Possible harbor/channel deepening
                 Establishment of facilities for repair or supply boats & drilling rigs
                 Possible improvement of land transportation routes (railways and highways)

                            Typical Activities, Exploration and Development Phases
                            Source: RG&H, 1982

                                                   2-7                          Figure 2-3

                   individual oil company, or by a specialized oil field service company. Before
                   commercial quantities of oil and gas are discovered, the bases will be
                   temporary; given the proximity of leases purchased by Shell Oil Company in
                   OCS Lease Sales 66 and 67, it is reasonable to assume that exploration, and,
                   perhaps later, development activities will be supported from Port Manatee,
                   Florida, an existing temporary service base.

                         General estimates of land requirements for both temporary and
                   permanent service bases can be made according to the amounts of offshore
                   activity that are expected during the exploration and development phases.
                   These estimates are shown in Figure 2-4 and in the scenario development
                   sections that follow. It is important to emphasize that the numbers shown in
                   these tables are rough generalizations, taken from an analysis of more or
                   less   comparable      situations.     Diff erences   in   location,    site,    operating
                   procedures, and the phases of offshore activity being serviced directly
                   affect the kinds of facilities located at a service base, the workforce
                   required to run the base, the quantities of land needed, and the community
                   infrastructural requirements.

                   Temporary Service Base

                         A temporary base includes, at a minimum, berthage for supply and crew
                   boats, dock space for loading and unloading, warehousing and open storage
                   areas, a helipad, and space to house supervisory and communications
                   personnel.

                         Service base size and amount of vessel activity are functions of the
                   number and kinds of exploration vessels and drilling rigs being serviced.
                   Temporary bases are relatively small operations, and the limited acreage they
                   occupy is usually leased on a short-term basis.            Often existing public port
                   facilities are used during the exploration phase. This was the case at Port
                   Manatee during previous Gulf of Mexico exploratory operations.

                                                              2-8

                      A temporary service base is set up on a flat, vacant piece of waterfront
                land bounded on one side by a marginal wharf. Most of the land is used for
                open storage, primarily     for tubular goods and drilling supplies.       If any
                adequate buildings exist on the site, they may be used to house office and
                communication facilities.    If not, one or more house trailers or similar
                prefabricated structures may be used for this purpose.              Buildings and
                structures occupy a small portion of the land and are usually surrounded by
                large open areas. Warehouses needed to store supplies are located close to
                the docks to facilitate loading. Since large amounts of fuel are stored at the
                base, fuel tanks are also necessary.      Some of these tanks are located close
                to the docks to expedite fuel transfer.

                      About five acres of land per drilling rig are required at a temporary
                service base. At Port Manatee, for example, ten acres of land were used to
                support two drilling rigs operated by two different oil companies.

                Permanent Service Base

                      The permanent service base serves essentially the same function as the
                temporary base.     It differs from the temporary base only in terms of size,
                intensity of activity, and ownership.

                      During development drilling, the service base provides the same types
                of goods and services as those needed during exploratory drilling.
                However, the fact that as many as 50 wells can be drilled from one platform,
                combined with the fact that one company's success often spurs increased
                exploratory activity by other OCS leaseholders, and that offshore operations
                continue for a long time, causes the size and intensity of support services to
                increase dramatically over those provided by the temporary service base.

                      Permanent bases also can be set up by either the oil companies or by
                service companies.     Tenants at the service base may include such firms as
                cement companies, caterers, oil companies, mud companies, and equipment
                suppliers.   A typical permanent service base may require 50 to 75 acres of

                                                        2-9

                                                                                                       >1

                              Service Bases: Summary of Requirements and Impacts
                LAND                                                                                   Q
                                                                                                       Cz
                Temporary: 5-10 acres on an all-weather harbor.                                        CL

                     The land is used for the following purposes:
                                                                                                       CD
                     0     warehousing: 1/2 acres per rig                                              C)
                     0     open storage: I acre per rig                                                0
                     0     operations space (office and communications): house trailer
                     0     helipad: I acre per rig                                                     (1)
                     0     parking space for employees                                                 CD
                                                                                                       4-0
                Permanent: 50-75 acres on an all-weather harbor. A typical permanent base              Cz
                might require 50 to 75 acres of waterfront land, depending on the intensity            C
                of offshore activity. Most of this land is used for warehouses and open                Co
                storage. At least 10,000 square feet are needed for a permanent facility to            2
                house offices and communications, and one acre for each offshore platform is           4"
                needed for helicopter landing space. These are approximate figures and they            L_
                vary with economies of scale. Storage requirements are dependent on the                0
                proximity to the material supplier.

                WATERFRONT:

                Temporary: 200 feet of wharf/15-20 feet water depth

                Permanent: 400 feet of wharf/15-20 foot water depth

                FRESH WATER:

                Temporary: 5,200,000 gal/rig/year during drilling

                Permanent: 8,200,000 gal/platform/year during drilling

                FUEL:

                Temporary: 26,000 bbl/rig/year

                Permanent: 54,000 bbl/platform/year during drilling; 19,200
                bbl/platform/year during production

                LABOR:

                Temporary: 45 jobs per rig. About 45 jobs would be created at a temporary
                base for each rig drilling on the OCS. A base servicing 4 rigs would employ
                about 150 people. About 3/4 of these jobs could be filled from the local
                labor force. It is possible that some of this labor might be attracted away
                from other industries due to the higher wages at a service base.

                                                     2-10                           Figure 2-4

                                                                                                     CO

                                                                                                     CO
                                                                                                     a
                                                                                                     E

               Service Bases: Summary of Requirements and Impacts (Continued)
                    Four job categories exist at a service base:                                     0
                    �    wharf and warehouse crew (6 per rig)                                        (1)
                                                                                                     CD
                    0    helicopter crew (3 per helicopter)                                          4-0
                    �    crew boat crew (6 per boat)                                                 M
                    �    supply boat crew (10-12 per boat)                                           C
               Permanent:  50-60 jobs per platform during drilling. For each offshore                cu
               platform engaged in drilling, from 50-60 service base jobs would be provided,         2
               approximately ha'If of which could be filled from the local labor force.
               However, since a 7-day-on/7-day-off crew rotation is common for a service
                                                                                                     0
               base operation, there may be no need for the crew to live locally.

                    Four job categories exist at a permanent base:

                    �    wharf and warehouse crew (6 per rig)
                    0    helicopter crew (3 per helicopter)
                    �    crew boat crew (6 per boat)
                    �    supply boat crew (20 per boat)
               Air emissions: Hydrocarbons from fuel storage tanks and transfer operations;
               carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides from machinery and vehicle exhaust.
               Wastewater contaminants: Hydrocarbons and heavy metals from bilge and
                 llast water discharged by boats.

               Noise: Up to 85 decibels on a 24-hour basis.
               Solid wastes: Up to 6 tons per day during drilling operations, including
               hazardous, oil-contaminated wastes.

               Source: NERBC Factbook, p.1.2

                                                    2-11                           Figure 2-4 __J

                  waterfront land, depending on the intensity of offshore activity.        Most of
                  this land is used for warehouses and open storage.       At least 10,000 square
                  feet are needed for a permanent facility to house offices and communications,
                  and an additional acre for each offshore platform is needed for helicopter
                  landing space.    These are approximate figures; storage requirements are
                  dependent on the proximity to the materials suppliers.

                  Bases Supporting Platform and Pipeline Installation

                       Onshore service bases are also established to support offshore platform
                  and pipeline installation.

                       A number of vessels are required to install platforms and pipelines.
                  For pipe laying, this involves a "spread", that is, a team of boats and
                  barges supporting the pipeline lay barge. Tug boats and derrick barges are
                  also required for towing the platform to its offshore site, and piecing
                  together the platform deck with the riser.     The companies performing these
                  operations generally establish their own support bases to service the
                  equipment and personnel engaged in these activities.          Bases supporting
                  platform or pipeline installation are quite similar to the temporary bases
                  established  during   the exploratory phase.         They require      wharfage,
                  warehouse space, and service, repair and maintenance facilities.       One such
                  support/supply base can service several pipe laying or platform        installation
                  operations simultaneously.

                       It is economically preferable for the company installing the platform or
                  pipeline to locate at an onshore site as close as possible to the        adjacent
                  offshore location.  Often, the installer will request space at the onshore
                  service base of the oil company owning the lease.          If there is  not any
                  available space at the oil company's service base, the contractor will attempt
                  to procure land in an area close to the oil company's service base. In some
                  cases, the platform installer will have space adjacent to the platform
                  fabrication site.

                                                       2-12

                    Although bases supporting pipeline and platform installation are
               generally temporary, the installers may establish more permanent bases if a
               significant volume of future work in the area is anticipated.            The
               establishment of permanent bases becomes more likely if a number of oil
               companies have made hydrocarbon finds in the adjacent offshore area.

                    Approximately five acres of land are required for a base supporting
               platform installation or pipe laying operations.   This acreage allows the
               installation of about four platforms per year.     In the case of platform
               installation, the land is used mainly for open storage.      In the case of
               pipe laying, warehousing and open storage areas for equipment and
               maintenance supplies occupy the major portion of the land. Large quantities
               of pipe are not generally stored at the installation site, however, but are
               transported directly from the pipe coating yard to the offshore site.

                    Both the platform and pipeline installation operations require an
               additional acre for a helipad, and approximately 10,000 square feet of
               temporary office and communications facility space.

                    The location of the supply base within the harbor is also important. It
               is preferable for the offshore servicing functions to be segregated from
               other harbor functions, such as commercial fishing and recreational boating.
               This separation of uses helps the offshore operators avoid delays caused by
               congestion with other vessels and conflicting uses of waterfront facilities.

                    Service bases, both temporary and permanent, place a number of
               demands on the community in which they are located.            The following
               describes some of these impacts.

               Transportation

                    1.   Water - Deliveries of fuel, mud, cement, and other supplies to the
                         service base may be made by boat if this method proves to be the
                         most economical. However, most of the boats using the base will

                                                   2-13

                              be supply, crew, and work boats, which transport workers and
                              materials between the service base and the offshore rigs.

                              Two or three supply boats and one crew boat are needed to
                              service each drilling rig.     Since each boat can service more than
                              one rig, economies of scale apply when one or two rigs are in
                              operation.    The number of rigs each boat can serve depends
                              primarily on how far offshore and how close together the rigs are.
                              For example, if three rigs were drilling 200 miles from the base,
                              eight or nine supply boats would probably be needed. If the rigs
                              were 100 miles away, four or five boats might suffice, since each
                              could make twice as many trips per day. Although subject to wide
                              variation, supply boats will generally remain at the drilling location
                              until new supplies are needed (this can be up to 30 days).
                              Smaller crew boats usually make the round trips which necessitate
                              permanent berthing space.

                        2.    Air - Oil companies often rent helicopters from an independent
                              contractor whose heliport is located near the service base.            The
                              exception to this rule occurs during exploration, when a heliport
                              may be located away from a service base under two conditions:
                              (1)  if the     area   contains   an existing     or potential airfield
                              significantly closer to the drilling site than the nearest site
                              suitable   for   a   service    base,    thus    lowering    the    highly
                              distan ce- sensitive cost of helicopter operation, or (2) if the area is
                              unsuitable for a service base (it may have no road access or port
                              facilities) .

                              Depending upon weather conditions in the drilling region,
                              helicopters may either stay at the rigs or return to the
                              contractor's heliport at the end of each day.

                              Since helicopters arrive at and depart from the service base,
                              refueling   f acilities, communications    equipment,     and    adequate

                                                          2-14

                           landing space must be provided there.        Although one helicopter
                           and one acre of land (for a helipad) are, needed for each drilling
                           rig, less land per rig is needed when several rigs are operating at
                           the same time, since several helicopters use the helipad at
                           different times.    For example, a five-acre helipad might be
                           sufficient to handle helicopter operations for seven or eight rigs.

                           Access to a major airport is desirable for transferring personnel
                           into and out of the region.

                     3.    Highway and Railroad - Road and/or rail access is essential for a
                           service base, since large quantities of materials must be brought
                           into the base for transfer to the rigs.    If offshore rigs drill four
                           15,000 foot wells per year, the following quantities of materials
                           must be transported through the service base:

                                �     mud: 2,568 tons/rig/year
                                �     cement:  1,260 tons/rig/year
                                �     fresh water:  5,200,000 gallons /rig/ year
                                �     tubular goods:   1,820 tons/rig/year
                                �     fuel for drilling: 13,272 barrels /rig /year
                                �     fuel for transportation:  12,000 barrels/ rig /year
                                �     food, tools, and parts are needed at all stages

                           (Source: NERBC Factbook, p.1.28)

                           Figure 2-5 shows a prototypical service base.

                 DEMANDS ON PORT FACILITIES

                 Harbor Requirements

                      Sheltered harbors in the general area of offshore leases or proposed
                 offshore activity are the major factor in locating onshore support/supply

                                                       2-15

                                                                                                      >1

                        FE

                                                25
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                         LEGEND:
                         I QUAYSIDE FENDERS             14  PORTABLE WATER TANK
                         2 EXTENDED QUAY-DEEP DRAFT     15  DRILL WATER TANK
                         3 DOLPHIN                      16  GASOLINE AND AVIATION FUEL
                         4 ROLL ON/ROLL OFF FACILITY    17  DIESEL FUEL
                         5 AFT HANDLING FACILITY        18  WORKSHOP
                         6 POINTS FOR WATER/FUEL/MUD/CEMENT 19 EXPLOSIVES STORAGE
                         7 REINFORCED AREAS FOR HEAVY LIFTING 20 HELICOPTER PAD
                         8 QUAY APRON                   21  GUARD HOUSE
                         9 FLOODLIGHTING TOWERS         22  OFFICE BUILDING
                         10 HUD AND CEMENT SILOS        23  COMMUNICATIONS TOWER
                         11 WAREHOUSES                  24  OPEN STORAGE
                         12 BASE OPERATIONS OFFICE-2nd Floor 25 RESERVED FOR FUTURE EXPANSION
                         13 WAREHOUSE OFFICES

                                                                       Al asks Consultants, Inc.
                                                            M000-00

                                             SERVICE BASE PROTOTYPE

                                                    2-16                           Figure 2-5

                 base.   It should also, if possible, have the dimensions to accommodate the
                 anchoring and berthing of large mobile drilling rigs and pipe laying barges,
                 which may need to anchor temporarily at the port.

                      The harbor must be deep enough at dockside during all tides to allow
                 crew and supply boats alongside to load or unload the personnel and cargoes
                 necessary for offshore operations. In the Gulf of Mexico, supply boats must
                 be able to operate around the clock throughout the year.            During the
                 exploration and development stages, these vessels may also be required to
                 haul anchors for drilling rigs and pipe laying barges.

                      Berthing space is that harbor capacity that is provided to the offshore
                 oil industry. ' It is necessary for the operators to be able to load many
                 supply vessels within a relatively short time, thus space must be available to
                 carry out this function.      Ideally, all service vessels within the harbor
                 should be able to moor dockside.       However, if sufficient berths are not
                 available, the harbor must at least    be large enough to enable the supply
                 vessels to moor two or three abreast   at dockside, or anchor safely within the

                 harbor.

                      1.    Supply/Grew Boats - Typical specifications for the kinds of crew
                            and supply boats used in the Gulf of Mexico were given in Chapter 1.
                            To briefly recapitulate, these are the dockside requirements for

                            such vessels.

                            CREW BOAT

                            Length:   100 linear feet
                            Beam: 22 feet

                            Maximum draft: 5 feet
                            Capacity: 22 passengers; 25 -long tons of cargo
                            Fuel (fully loaded): 2,400 gallons

                                                       2-17

                          SUPPLY BOAT

                          Length: 204 linear feet
                          Beam: 40 feet

                          Maximum draft: 14 feet
                          Capacity:  1,125 gross tons of cargo
                          Fuel (fully loaded): 113,400 gallons

                    2.    Mobile Drilling Rigs - Jack-up rigs are platforms with legs that
                          can be moved up and down.       When the legs are extended, the
                          platform can elevate itself above water and temporarily become a
                          bottom-standing platform.    By retracting its legs, the jack-up
                          becomes a floater and, with assistance, can be moved from one
                          location to another.  At the present time, jack-ups can drill in
                          water depths of up to 350 feet (Energy Under the Oceans, p. 39).
                          Leases in the Charlotte Harbor administrative area do not exceed
                          350 feet in depth, so jack-ups are the type of drilling rig most
                          likely to be used in exploring these eastern Gulf of Mexico leases.
                          The jack-up must have assistance from tugs or barges to move
                          from one spot to another, so these "assisting" vessels may from
                          time to time call at the service base.

                          Drillships are self-propelled ships, generally used in deeper
                          waters, and  moored to the seabed or dynamically positioned above

                          the drillsite.

                          Semisubmersibles are towed or self-propelled vessels located above
                          the drillsite and stabilized in the water by partial flooding of the
                          hollow pontoons and the "legs" of the craft. The vessel is held on
                          location by seabed moorings or dynamic positioning, using
                          motor-driven thrusters (API, The Search for Offshore Oil and
                          Gas)

                                                     2-18

                          3.    Pipe Laying Barges - There are several different methods employed
                                in offshore pipeline installation. The most common is the lay barge
                                or "stovepipe" technique, whereby sections of pipe are welded
                                together on the lay barge and released into the water as the barge
                                moves along the designated right-of-way.

                                A second technique uses the reel barge.                This method entails
                                welding long sections of pipe on land, winding them onto a large
                                reel on the barge, and then laying the pipe directly from the reel.

                                Another method is to pull pipe lengths from onshore make-up
                                facilities into the water.      Because of the frictional stress on the
                                pipe, the pull method is limited to lengths of 2 to 4 miles.               This
                                method would not be used to bring hydrocarbons from the eastern
                                Gulf offshore (Energy Under the Oceans, p. 69).

                    Landside    Space - Facility Requirements

                          The   following sections describe typical service base tenants, and their
                    characteristics and requirements.

                          1.    Drilling Mud Companies - Drilling mud companies supply essential
                                drilling fluids to contractors.      Facilities required by a drilling mud
                                company generally include a central office employing                     sales,
                                clerical, and bookkeeping personnel, in         addition to the engineers,
                                chemists, and technicians.       Distribution   points are also located to
                                store muds and service the rigs. There          is often a small office and
                                laboratory adjoining the distribution facility.

                                Land - A distribution point for a major mud company may occupy
                                from three to ten acres, depending upon the amount of land
                                available.   Generally, one or two warehouses are located on a site,
                                requiring from 8,000 to 10,000 square feet of covered storage
                                area.   Approximately 2,500 square feet of covered storage per

                                                              2-19

                            platform serviced is a rule of thumb used by industry (NERBC
                            Factbook, p. 10.18).

                            The distribution point for a small mud supplier is generally smaller
                            than that established for the large mud company.          One or two
                            acres  may   be    utilized,  with   warehouse    storage   space     of
                            approximately 5,000 square feet.        Berths for loading service
                            vessels are generally leased, either at an oil company's service
                            base or from private owners in the area.

                            Waterfront footage is required by mud companies for loading
                            supplies onto vessels to be transported offshore.      As few as one
                            or two berths may suffice.

                            Labor - The number of people employed at a mud distribution base
                            will vary with the number of wells being drilled and the level of
                            service activity.  Four to 15 people may be employed at a base,
                            including   warehouse,    clerical,  managerial,    and     engineering
                            personnel.

                            Warehouse  personnel generally make up the majority of the work
                            force at  a distribution point.      They are responsible for the
                            movement of materials and supplies both into and out of the
                            warehouses. Normally, these employees are on 24-hour call.

                            Clerical and managerial personnel are in charge of coordinating
                            operations, bookkeeping, and other administrative tasks.

                            Engineering personnel design and oversee the administration of the
                            mud program at the drilling site.     Generally, two mud engineers,
                            working   a 7-days-on/7-days-off schedule,         are required per
                            platform. People hired as engineers are usually college graduates,
                            with specialized training in "mud engineering."

                                                        2-20

                             Transportation - Small mud suppliers may use rail or truck service
                             for the delivery of supplies.      Trucking is often favored by the
                             small supplier because of its flexibility and speed.     Therefore, the
                             small mud supplier may require good highway access rather than
                             proximity to rail lines.    Large mud companies generally rely quite
                             heavily on rail delivery service as the most economical means of
                             bringing supplies to a distribution point.      If a distribution center
                             does not include a railway siding, trucks are often used to move
                             supplies from the nearest siding to the base.

                             Cement Companies - Cement companies provide highly specialized
                             services for offshore drilling operations.        The cement company
                             furnishes the required cementing materials, bulk cement, and
                             additives, and blends them in the proper proportions before
                             delivery to the drilling rig.    Due to the highly specialized nature
                             of well cementing operations, oil companies or drilling contractors
                             rely on established, proven cement companies to provide these
                             services.   A shoreside cement company will have a distribution
                             center, basically a materials storage area with one or more
                             warehouses for storage of the additives, and large pneumatic
                             vessels for the storage of bulk cement.

                             Land - The siting requirements of a cement company are also
                             similar to those of a mud company.        Initially, a cement company
                             looks for a site with enough waterfront footage to accommodate one
                             or more workboats and enough land area to erect bulk cement silos
                             and a warehouse for stacked goods.

                             The size of a cement distribution center varies in proportion to the
                             volume of business handled through the facility and the amount of
                             land available in the chosen area.     About one to ten acres may be
                             leased for a site. A cement distribution center requires waterfront
                             access.   Generally, there should be dock space for at least three
                             boats (200 linear feet per boat), and minimum dockside depth of 14
                             feet.                       2-21

                          Labor - The number of people on a cement company payroll may
                          vary widely, depending on the. number of offshore rigs being
                          serviced at any given time.    As few as five or as many as 165
                          workers may be employed, both offshore and onshore.             Some
                          onshore workers are employed in management, clerical, and
                          laboratory positions.   Others work as bulk plant operators,
                          warehousemen, and mechanics.      Generally, all onshore employees
                          work eight-hour days, although for an emergency or a particular
                          assignment, personnel may be on call, or working around the clock.

                          Cement companies generally maintain schools where inexperienced
                          employees are trained in cement engineering.       These employees
                          then return to their regions of origin to work as cementers.
                          Ultimately, as many as 75 percent of the people employed at a
                          cement distribution base will be from local labor markets (Source:
                          NERBC Factbook, p. 10.26).

                          Cement engineers operate the company's machinery and supervise
                          cementing operations on the rig.   Generally, these crews consist of
                          two  or   three   cementers   working    7-days-on/7-days-off.     In
                          addition, there may be several persons employed as offshore
                          supervisors and mechanics responsible for overseeing operations
                          and making repairs, respectively, on all rigs carrying cement
                          company equipment.

                          Transportation - A cement distributor must have access to the
                          waterf ront.  A minimum of 200 feet of dock space is generally
                          required for loading cement for transport to the drilling rigs.
                          Generally, the company will try to acquire more space, with some
                          companies maintaining as much as 750 feet of dock area, which is
                          more than sufficient for three boats.    If docked side by side, as
                          many as six boats can be serviced in this amount of dock space.
                          A minimum of 14 feet of water depth is required dockside (NERBC
                          Factbook p. 10.25).

                                                     2-22

                              Drilling Tools and Equipment Companies - Drilling tools and
                              equipment companies manufacture and sell the tools and equipment
                              required by contractors and oil companies during the drilling
                              process.   There are only a handful of major tool and equipment
                              companies, and these companies establish small, branch facilities to
                              serve exploratory drilling operations in a frontier area.

                              Land - A temporary facility in a frontier area may require 8,000 to
                              10,000 square feet of covered space for office and storage,
                              depending on the type of product and services, whereas a
                              permanent facility in a frontier area requires approximately 20,000
                              feet of covered space.     On the Gult Coast, however, where the
                              equipment needs of permanent sales and service facilities are
                              served by regional warehouses, storage space requirements are not
                              as great as in frontier areas where there may be only one facility.
                              Therefore, Gult Coast facilities may be located on sites as small as
                              one-eighth or one-quarter of an acre.

                              Labor    -   A   permanent     f acility may    employ    one   or    two
                              warehouse /office personnel and between six and ten service

                              technicians.

                              Transportation - Most drilling tool companies do not require their
                              own dockside space, but access to the service base wharves is
                              desirable.   Tools may be brought to the service base area from
                              regional distribution points via either rail or highway, depending
                              on the existing infrastructure.

                              Helicopter Companies - Helicopter companies transport crews,
                              deliver supplies, and provide emergency services to offshore rigs
                              and platforms.      Because of the highly specialized nature of
                              offshore helicopter operations, it is unlikely that oil companies
                              would contract with a local operator for helicopter services in a
                              frontier region.    It is more likely that the oil companies would

                                                          2-23

                          prefer to deal with an established offshore helicopter operator with
                          a demonstrated record for safely transporting crews and machinery
                          to and from the offshore rigs.       Once contracted, the operator
                          could expand or relocate in order to service the frontier area.

                          A helicopter company will move into a frontier region only after
                          obtaining a firm service contract with an oil company. This is due
                          to the substantial cost of expansion and the fact that helicopter
                          companies generally work close to full capacity and, therefore,
                          have few available helicopters or employees.           However, one
                          contract is generally a sufficient incentive to relocate, based on
                          the assumption that one contract will lead to others.            Initial
                          contra,cts are usually obtained during the exploratory phase.

                          Land - A heliport consists of a helicopter landing area, a radio
                          and/or control tower, a hangar for repairs, fuel storage tanks, an
                          office/ communications facility with a waiting room, and parking
                          facilities for employees and customers.

                          The amount of land required by a helicopter facility may range
                          from 5 to 50 acres, depending on several factors.        Each landing
                          pad at a base takes about one acre of land; at a large or
                          permanent heliport, a maintenance hangar of 14,000 square feet
                          would be sufficient for the indoor servicing of 10 to 12 aircraft.
                          Other variables are: the number and size of helicopters based at
                          a facility, the weather conditions there, and the extent of the
                          services provided at a facility.   The amount of land necessary to
                          ensure a clear flight path free of obstructions such as tall trees or
                          power lines ultimately dictates the amount of land required.

                          Labor - Employment rolls at a helicopter base depend on the
                          number of helicopters at the facility. Total employment at a single
                          helicopter base may range from 20 to 140 people.        This includes
                          pilots, mechanics, and administrative personnel.

                                                      2-24

                               Transportation - Because helicopters are often chosen as the
                               method of transporting emergency goods and personnel to offshore
                               rigs and platforms, good highway and airline access is necessary.
                               Highway access is also important for crews that need to get to the
                               helicopter base in order to be transported offshore (NERBC
                               Factbook, p. 10.50).

                               Catering Services - A catering company provides food and general
                               housekeeping services to offshore rigs. Such a company generally
                               operates out of one central onshore facility that services an entire
                               offshore area.     The facility usually consists of an office, from
                               which operations are managed, and a warehouse, where food and
                               supplies are stored prior to shipment to offshore rigs.

                               Initially a new onshore catering facility may not be set up in a
                               frontier area.   Instead, the caterer may contract with a local food
                               supplier to deliver directly to the service base dock.              If the
                               number of rigs to be serviced numbers six or more, however, the
                               establishment of a new facility would be likely.

                               Land - An onshore facility for a caterer is relatively small in
                               relation to many other OCS-related facilities.           A caterer may
                               require as little as four acres of land.      Waterfront footage is not
                               required.

                               Labor - Because a catering company attempts to hire most of its
                               offshore employees from the local region, an important siting
                               criterion is the availability of local labor, particularly those skilled
                               in food  preparation.     The number of persons employed by a
                               catering firm ranges from one to ten per rig, depending on the
                               number   of persons serviced and the extent of the services
                               provided offshore. Employees work 14-days-on and 14-days-off or
                               7-days-on and 7-days-off, depending on the personnel policies of
                               the catering firm.

                                                           2-25

                          Full-scale operations could employ significant numbers of people
                          of f shore. Of the 500 people employed by one Gulf Coast catering
                          firm, almost 85 percent work on offshore rigs.     The remaining 15
                          percent consists of onshore administrative,       supervisory,    and
                          clerical staf f .Another caterer employs approximately 20 people
                          onshore and 200 people on 35 to 50 offshore rigs and platforms
                          (NERBC   Factbook, p. 10.56).

                          Transpor tation - The oil company has the responsibility for
                          transporting catering personnel and supplies offshore, either by
                          helicopter or boat. Employees at the onshore catering facility will
                          use existing highways for personal transportation.

                          Platform Fabrication Yards - Platform fabrication yards are
                          industrial construction facilities where the platforms used to drill
                          for and produce offshore oil and gas are built.       There are two
                          general types of platforms -- concrete and steel.       The type of
                          platform used is determined by the precise nature of the field
                          being developed -- the mix of oil and gas in the find; wind and
                          wave conditions; ocean bottom conditions; the number of wells to
                          be drilled from the platform, and other conditions. Those used in
                          the Gulf of Mexico are of the steel variety, so requirements for
                          fabrication of this type only will be discussed herein.

                          Steel platform fabrication yards are large waterfront construction
                          facilities, consisting mainly of cleared land, buildings, shops, and
                          administrative offices, all set back from the waterfront.   The steel
                          platforms are constructed close to the waterfront and the marginal

                          wharves.

                          The layout, requirements, and impacts of the fabrication yard are
                          determined, in large part, by the number and complexity of
                          platforms being constructed. The size of the yard depends on the
                          size and number of platforms constructed annually, as well as the

                                                     2-26

                            number of platform components fabricated on the site.              Deck
                            modules and tubulars (pipe), for example, are often manufactured
                            elsewhere, either by the platform fabrication company or a
                            subcontractor.

                            A steel platform fabrication company will generally establish a new
                            yard only after a significant hydrocarbon discovery has been
                            made, and development schedules have been set.           A number of
                            platform fabrication yards have already been established in the
                            Gulf of Mexico region.    Since platforms or platform sections could
                            easily be towed from these existing yards to sites offshore Florida,
                            it is highly unlikely that any new platform fabrication yards would
                            be constructed in Florida.    Figure 2-6 lists the locations of Gulf
                            Coast platform fabrication yards.

                            Repair and Maintenance     Yards - Repair and maintenance yards
                            consist of many firms      of varying capabilities, which provide
                            services to the operators  of vessels and equipment involved in OCS
                            oil and gas development.

                            The repair and maintenance industry presents what is perhaps one
                            of the easiest ways for indigenous enterprises in a frontier area to
                            capitalize on OCS activity.     Repair and maintenance firms need
                            only augment their existing capabilities to meet the repair and
                            maintenance needs of the OCS-related vessels, rigs, fixed offshore
                            platforms, and equipment in order to participate in OCS-related
                            onshore economic growth.

                            Since many repair and maintenance functions are performed
                            underwater, specialized diving support vessels with workshops
                            onboard are needed to service subsea completion units, pipes,
                            hoses, etc.

                                                       2-27

                             Second only to crew payroll, the money spent on repair and
                             maintenance is the largest amount of money spent by the operators
                             of OCS support vessels (Source: NERBC Factbook, p. 2.1).

                             A repair and maintenance yard principally serving the needs of the
                             petroleum industry is not likely to be newly sited in a frontier
                             area.   For the most part, these services already exist in ports
                             where many of the OCS-related facilities requiring repair and
                             maintenance capabilities are already sited.

                             The extent to which repair and maintenance services are
                             augmented will depend on the amount of exploration, the number of
                             wells that go into production, and the miles of marine pipeline
                             laid.  In other words, the repair and maintenance services will
                             expand in direct relation to the amount of offshore activity.

                             Land - Repair and maintenance yards already exist as part of the
                             indigenous industrial infrastructure of the Gulf Coast area.         They
                             generally service local industry at the same time they are handling
                             the repair and maintenance of oil industry vessels and equipment.
                             For this reason, it is unrealistic to discuss specific energy, land
                             and waterfront requirements,        as can be done with strictly
                             OCS-related onshore facilities.

                             Labor - Most repair and maintenance firms need to be open for
                             business 24 hours a day.       Depending on the type of work to be
                             done, the repair and maintenance operation should be able to call
                             upon the services of a wide range of skilled people.             Certified
                             welders and pipefitters, sandblasters, and painters may all be

                             needed.

                             Transportation - Accessibility to road, rail, and air transportation
                             for delivery of parts from suppliers is necessary to ensure quick,

                                                         2-28

                Location                                        Firm                                   co

                TEXAS                                                                                 0
                                                                                                      CIO
                Beaumont                             Bethlehem Steel                                  CL
                Brownsville                          Marathon-LeTourneau                              E
                Channelview                          Vemar
                Houston                              Brown and Root
                Ingleside                            Baker Marine
                Ingleside                            Chicago Bridge & Iron
                Orange                               American Bridge (U.S.  Steel)
                Orange                               Levingston Shipbuilding
                Port Aransas                         Brown and Root
                Port Arthur                          Levingston Shipbuilding
                                                                                                      cz
                LOUISIANA
                Amelia                               Raymond Fabricators
                Harvey                               Avondale Shipyards, Inc.
                Harvey                               Brown and Root
                Har,vey                              McDermott Incorporated                           0
                Harvey                               Williams-McWilliams Co., Inc.
                Houma                               'Benoit Machine
                Houma                                Delta Fabricators
                Houma                                Houma Welders
                Lafayette                            Teledyne MoVible Offshore, Inc.
                Morgan  City                         Twin Brothers
                Morgan  City                         Avondale Shipyards, Inc.
                Morgan  City                         Brown and Root
                Morgan  City                         Corbitt Allen, Jr.
                Morgan  City                         McDermott Inc. (Bayou Boeuf)
                Morgan  City                         McDermott Inc. (Bayou Black)
                Morgan  City                         Service Machine Group
                New Iberia                           Universal Fabricators
                New Orleans                          Avondale Shipyards, Inc.
                New Orleans                          Williams-McWilliams Co., Inc.

                MISSISSIPPI
                Gulfport                             McDermott Inc.
                Pascagoula                           Ingalls Shipbuilduing
                Pascagoula                           Chicago Bridge & Iron
                Vicksburg                            Marathon-LeTourneau

                EXISTING PLATFORM FABRICATION FACILITIES

                Source: Havran, 1982

                                                     2-29                      -Figure 2-6 ___J

                              efficient service to the offshore operators.            Local commercial
                              airports, as well as existing railways and highways may be used
                              for transporting personnel and equipment.

                         8.   Pipe Coating and Storage Yards - Pipe used for offshore oil and
                              gas transmission must be coated for corrosion-proofing and, in
                              some cases, to prevent flotation.        There are two types of pipe
                              coating operations:     temporary ("railhead") and permanent.           The
                              temporary pipe coating firm may move into an area after winning a
                              contract to supply coated pipe has been signed.            The firm may
                              coat and furnish pipe for one pipeline contractor for the duration
                              of a season, or until a particular pipeline is completed.         All this
                              operation requires is firm cleared ground, proximity to overland
                              transportation    (preferably    a   railroad),   and    access   to    the
                              waterfront.    If the company sees the possibility for continuing
                              business, it may make the operation permanent.

                              A permanent pipe coating facility will be established when the
                              owner receives a long-term contract or sees the possibility for
                              continuing, large-scale business.       Once the yard is established,
                              the owner will expand it as orders resulting from new offshore
                              discoveries are received.

                              Land - A permanent pipe coating yard requires between 100 and
                              150 acres; 30 acres may be sufficient for establishing a temporary
                              operation.   Depending on the storage needs and the availability of
                              suitable land, a pipe coating firm may purchase or lease up to 200
                              acres.   Sites already serving the Gult Coast area range from about
                              75 to 200 acres.

                              Labor - Labor requirements will vary depending on the length of
                              operation, pipe sizes, and individual handling capacity of the
                              yard.   Approximately 100-150 workers are employed by one Gulf
                              Coast company that specializes in pipes with diameters of 24 inches

                                                           2-30

                              or less on its 84-acre site.       During slack periods, the number of
                              employees drops to about 85.         Another Gulf Coast operation, with
                              two locations, handles pipe ranging from 6 to 56 inches in
                              diameter, and employs 150-200 in season, with 40-45 on the payroll
                              during slack times (Source: NERBC Factbook, p. 9.23).

                              Transportation - Pipe joints are delivered from the steel mill to the
                              pipe coating yard via barge or rail, depending on the location of
                              the coating yard. Sand, cement, and ore aggregates are normally
                              transported to the coating yard by barge or ship.

                        9.    Wellhead Equipment Companies - Wellhead equipment companies
                              provide drilling contractors and oil companies with surface
                              equipment that controls oil and gas wells during drilling and
                              production.      They also employ technicians who supervise the
                              installation and maintenance of wellhead equipment.

                              Companies that manufacture and sell wellhead equipment have
                              large, centralized production facilities.         They establish a number
                              of sales and service facilities throughout oil-producing regions,
                              and supply these branch facilities from regional warehouses.

                              During initial exploratory drilling in a frontier area, a wellhead
                              equipment company with equipment on one of the contracted rigs
                              will establish a small temporary facility       at or near the service base
                              supporting offshore exploration.          The expansion of a temporary
                              facility to a more permanent facility depends on the level of
                              drilling    activity    over    time.      If   commercial     quantities      of
                              hydrocarbons       are    discovered ,    the    activity    associated     with
                              development drilling and additional exploratory drilling would very
                              likely be sufficient to justify establishment of a permanent facility.

                              Land - For initial operations in a frontier area, a wellhead
                              equipment company would require 400 to 500 square feet of inside

                                                             2-31

                               space, and additional outside space.         A permanent facility in a
                               frontier region may require 1 to 1.5 acres of land; 5,000 to 10,000
                               square feet of warehouse space; 500 to 1,000 square feet of office
                               space, plus a repair shop and a fabrication shop.

                               A site with dock facilities is preferable, but if such a site is not
                               available, a location near a dock facility and preferably convenient
                               to the service base of their major customer would be sought.

                               Labor      For a temporary facility, only one or two full-time
                               employees may be on the payroll.           Employment at a permanent
                               facility may range from 10 to 100 people, depending on the level of
                               drilling activity and whether or not the facility has a machine shop
                               on the premises.

                               Transportation - Companies that manufacture and sell wellhead
                               equipment    operate    from    large,    centralized   office /warehouse
                               complexes.    They will establish small branch offices in the area
                               adjacent to the site of offshore exploration and development.
                               Wellhead equipment is shipped from the regional distribution center
                               to the service base site via truck or rail, whichever exists in the

                               area.

                         10.   Fishing and Rental Tool Companies - Fishing and rental tool
                               companies provide tools for several offshore functions, including
                               drilling, cutting, "fishing" (parts retrieval) and installing certain
                               types of equipment.     The tools these companies rent are often too
                               specialized and/or expensive to be permanently provided on the
                               drilling rig.   Some fishing and rental tool companies not only
                               provide tools, but also the specialized labor to work with them.

                               Land - Approximately one acre of land with a small warehouse is
                               usually adequate for temporary fishing and rental tool facilities.
                               Two to four acres of land are required for construction of

                                                           2-32

                             permanent facilities.    Space needed for offices, repair shops, and
                             warehouses ranges between 5,000 and 20,000 square feet.

                             Labor - Temporary facilities employ from four to ten people, nearly
                             all of whom will have been relocated from existing facilities in
                             oil-producing regions.      Permanent facilities generally employ from
                             10 to 30 people.     Personnel working on the offshore rigs usually
                             stay offshore until their job is completed; the job may take from 1
                             to 21 days (Source: NERBC Factbook, p. 10.39).

                             Transportation - Road and/or rail transport are required to bring
                             equipment and personnel to the supplier's service base.

                 SCENARIOS

                 No Find

                       The no find scenario, as described in Chapter 1, spans the years 1982
                 through 1988.       For exploration of eastern Gulf of Mexico tracts, the
                 temporary service base at Port Manatee, Florida will be utilized by offshore
                 drilling contractors.     Any services not already provided by tenants at the
                 port will be established, and will operate for the duration of exploratory
                 activity.   Services that will be required during exploration are the following:

                       �     mud companies
                       �     cement companies
                       �     helicopter service
                       �     drilling tool and equipment companies
                       �     fishing and rental tool companies

                       �     offshore caterers

                       The   primary onshore facilities associated with the exploratory phase are
                 docks, open and sheltered storage space, and office space.               It is estimated
                 that no dock personnel in addition to the personnel associated with marine

                                                           2-33

                 transportation or onshore rig support or in the employ of the ancillary
                 industries listed immediately above, will be required.    Thus, there is no
                 double-counting of personnel.

                      The following charts (Figures 2-7, 2-8 and 2-9) show the level of
                 activity that could be expected at Port Manatee per year, under the no find

                 scenario.

                 Low Find

                      The low find scenario assumes that a commercial hydrocarbon find will
                 be made in 1983.   The first few years following the discovery will find the
                 offshore operators conducting delineation drilling in order to establish the
                 extent of the fields or reservoirs.   Increased capital investments will allow
                 the service base to expand, and a few additional types of services will locate
                 at or around the port.    For example, a commercial find will encourage the
                 fabrication and installation of production platforms and, if the operators
                 determine it to be economically feasible, the emplacement of a submarine
                 pipeline to carry hydrocarbons to shore. Activities previously described as
                 characteristic of the construction- development phase will be accelerated.    A
                 temporary or "railhead" pipe coating operation may locate in the area in
                 response to a contract to lay an offshore pipeline.

                      The following charts (Figures 2-10, 2-11 and 2-12) show levels of
                 activity per year for the low find scenario.

                 Medium Find

                      It is assumed that oil and gas discoveries will be made during years
                 1983 through 1988 of the scenario. Exploratory activity conducted under the
                 medium find scenario reflects the tendency of oil companies to increase their
                 exploratory activities following a discovery in the area of commercial
                 quantities of hydrocarbons.

                                                     2-34

                      As oil and gas are discovered, production platforms will be fabricated
                 and installed.  In the case of the eastern Gulf of Mexico, it is unlikely that
                 a platform fabrication yard would be sited in Florida, in view of the economies
                 involved. Establishment of a new fabrication yard could be more costly than
                 continuing to order platforms from the number of fabrication yards already
                 in existence on the Gulf Coast, and have the platforms towed to leases off
                 Florida. Establishment of a platform fabrication yard requires a huge capital
                 investment, including amassing a large enough parcel of waterfront property.

                      The only real difference in onshore activity between the low find and
                 medium find scenario will be in the level of activity and permanence of
                 operations. Onshore suppliers may be more willing than under the low find
                 scenario to make capital investments in their companies, and may establish
                 more permanent offices at the port site. The size, distribution, and number
                 of finds may indicate that production will continue into the future, and the
                 security of the service base tenants is more secure.

                      While a medium find may be enough to prompt consideration of siting
                 refineries in Florida, this is also a complex question of corporate economics.
                 A large refining capacity is already present in the Gulf Coast.              Crude
                 produced offshore Florida could, with relative ease, be shipped to existing
                 Gulf Coast refineries, backing out the same quantities of foreign crude now
                 being imported.    A proposal for a new refinery in Manatee County was
                 defeated in a referendum by the voters of the county, primarily as a result
                 of fear of possible environmental degradation (Florida Coastal Policy Study,
                 1975, p. 71).    If such attitudes against construction of new refineries in
                 Florida can be expected in the future, refiners may be hesitant to buck such
                 opposition and, thus, may site refineries in other areas of the Gulf Coast.
                 The decision to build refineries in Florida will ultimately depend not only on
                 the amount of crude oil discovered off the Florida coast, but also on what is
                 decided at the federal level regarding national energy policies, the attitudes
                 of State and local governments, and the policies of the individual oil
                 companies (Florida Coastal Policy Study, p. 71).

                                                       2-35

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                                                                                 of  Z)         LLJ        CC  C)'          Ui C-             <CD   w   0               0                1--        M
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                                                    ACT IV IT I ES                                                                                                                                  -

                                                                                                                            LA                Ln
                                                    YE     R                                                                ru                (U
                                                                                 2   a c      I ac       1/8 ac             -"'               -0    400 sf           I  ac                          200
                                                                                                                            Q)                (U
                  M                                         1982                                                            U                 U

                                                                                                                            >   Ln            >Ln                                        >
                                                                                                                            1-  (0            L- ru
                                                            1983                 2   ac       I ac       1/8 ac             (U  JZ-           w-C   4oo s f          I  ac                          200
                                                                                                                                r)L           r)
                                                                                 4   a c      2 ac       1 A ac             11  C:            C     400 sf           I  ac               0
                                                                                                                                                                                         -0         200
                                                              98@                                                           ro  0             ro0                                        (D L-
                                                                                                                                                                                         M
                                                                                                                                                                                         -0U
                                                                                                                            (LI (D            (U ro                                      0
                                                            1985                 4   ac       2 ac       1/4 ac                               -0 1.- 600 s f         I  ac                          Lin,
                                                                                                                                              elln
                                                                                                                                              Q)
                                                                                                                            C   0'            Ca-                                        C_r-_
                                                            1986                 4   ac       2 ac       1/4 ac                 x             x     600 s f          I  ac                          4oo,
                                                                                                                            Al  111           .11 a)-                                    01n
                                                                                                                            U                 U                                          U"
                                                                                                                            M   M             M0)                                        ro
                                                            1987                     ac       2 ac       1/4 ac             0.                a- C: 4oo s f          I  ac               0-         200
                                                                                                                            LA                                                           Lnn

                                                                                                                            0                 0                                          0
                                                            1988                 2   ac       I ac- 11/4 ac I               =   '0            z_0   400 s IF            ac                          200'
                  'n
                  0                                                                                                                                                                      ac = acres
                                                                                     Service base land requirements, no find scenario
                                                                                                                                                                                         sf = square feet
                                                                                     Source: Collins - RG&H, 1982
                                                                                                         1/8     a]c
                                                                                                                 ac
                                                                                                         I EA

                                                                                                                                               Port Manatee OCS Impact Study

                                                                                                            All

                                              0
                                               P"
                                               5                -IQ                                     Q)
                ACT IV IT I ES

                                                                                                              Ln
                Y [A 11                                                                                       4.,x
                                                                       C                                      UQ)
                               4-15        10      1-2        8                  20       4 - i o             M
                  1982                                                                              7
                                                                       D                                      E
           1@1                 4-15        10      1-2        8                  20       4-io
                  1983                                                 .1                           -      I  -
                                                                       Ln                           Ln        4)
                                                                       ro                           M         .61 _U
                  i cj84       4-15        15      1-2        8        -0                 4-lo                ruW
                                                                                 30

                                                                       U                            U         L-
                                                                                                              IE
                  1985         4-15        25      1-2        10                 50       4-10                un
                                                                                                               Ln
                                                                       0 0                          0)W       CD
                                                                       0 Ln                         Ln LA      0
                  1986         4-15        20      1-2        10                 40       4-10        M

                                                                       ro 0.                          CL
                                                                                                              U0
                  1987         4-15        15      1-2        8        (1)       30       4-10      (1) Ln
                                                                       C f                          C .-      -'C E-
                                                                       0-C                          0 -C      -w ru
               LL9 1 -8      1 4-15   1    10      1-2    1   8                  20       4-10                V)U

           -n                                Service base labor  requirements, no find scenario
                                             Source: Collins -  RG&H, 1982
                                                   (Units Refer to Individuals Employed)

           00

                                                                               Port Manatee OCS Impact Study

                                                                                                                              11@-

                                                                                                                                     @j

                    ACJIVITIE@

                    YEAR                  Rd, Wh       Rd, Wh       RR, Rd          Rd, FW      Hc, Rd        RR, Rd ,    RR, Rd        RRI Rd
                       1982                                                                                  Wh

                       I ()R3

                                                           cl@                                                                cr_
                                            <              <                          <          <             <                            <          <
               00
                                                                                                                                                       z
                       1985                                                                                                                 LU           Uj

                                            <              <           <              <          <             <              <             <          L@j<
                                            cc             cc                         CC)                      cc             M             CO           M
                         )86                                                                                   Lr)
                                                                                                 <             <
                                            <              <
                       1-987                                           Ui                        Ui            U-1            L@j
                                                                                                 1--
                                            <              <           <                         <                                                     C)
                                                           L/)         Ln                        Ln            V)             V)            Ln         Z Ln
                       1()88

                                                                                                                                RR   = railroad
                                                                                                                                Rd   =  road
                                                                                                                                Hc   = Helicopter
                                                                                                                                FI,) = fixed wing aircraft
               'n                                                                                                               '4 FI= wharf s i te or access nceded
               C

                                                         Service base transporation demands, low find scenario
                                                          Source: Collins - RG&H, 1982

                                                                                                             Port Manatee OCS Impact Study

                                                                                UJ                         F-          _j

                                                                                                           LAJ
                                                                                <                                      z              z
                                                                                Q_                                     W  V)          <
                                                                             _j Z
                                                                             0  0
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                                                                      z      F_                                        z  <           -<       L-)W
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                                                          z 1:               z  L'i              z  -      <  -        U  0           0           cl@
                                                          - (D        F-     I- X                -  z      Uj Z        z                          <
                                                          _j L-)      z      _j a.     L-) LIJ   W  <      M  <                                LI L'i
                                                          _j          LL)    _j           L.)    LAJ       _j o-       M  _j          L'i Of   cc z
                                                          - n         :C                  <                _j @c          0           Q_0      <
                                                          CC =DI      Ui     cc C@     W  a_               W  CD          CD                   D__
                                    F@CTIVITIES           C) Y_       t-.)                V)     Li Lj     Dr L-)                     a_ Ln

                                      YEAR                                                                                            Q)
                                                          2 ac      I ac     20,000    6 ac      4 ac      1 '000     2  ac           LO       200
                                                                               s f                            s f
                                          1982
                                                                                  00
                                                                                                           1 1000
                                                                             20)0
                                                                                                                                      > x         01
              10                          1983            2 ac      I ac       sf      6 ac      4 ac         sf      2  ac                    20
                                                                             20,000                        1,000                      Ln
                                          i98@            6 ac      3 ac       sf      10  ac    4 ac         sf     -3  ac                    400,
                                                                             20,000                        1,000
                                          1985            6 ac      3 ac       sf      10  ac    4 ac         sf      3  ac                    400,
                                                                             20,000                        1 _000                     E E
                                          1986            6 ac      10 ac      sf      1 5 ac    4 ac         sf      4  ac                    4oo,
                                                                             20,OOC                        1,000
                                          1987            6 ac      10 ac      sf      1 5 ac    4 ac         s f     4  ac           Cr       400,

                                                                                                                                      0        400,
                                                                               S fOc   15        4 a       1 '010
                                          1988                          c    20,0                                   1 4  ac
                                                          6 ac      10 a                   ac                 s

                                                                                                                                      ac  = acres
                                                                                                                                      sf  = square     feet
              ,n

                                                            Service base--land requirements, low find scenario
                                                            Source: Collins - RG&H, 1982
              IND

                                                                                                         Port Manatee OCS Impact Study

                                                              Q@'

                                                                               97
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                A( I I V I T I f

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                  1              4-10      10        4-1o         8        10        10-20      ]1-10                ru

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                                 4- 10     30        4-10         12       30        10-20      4- 10                ro ru

                                                                                                                     Q) D
                                                                                                                        U
                                 4- 10     30        4-10         12       30        10-20      4-10       C
                   )86           4-10      40        4-10         12       45        10-20      4-10                    Q.)

                                                                                                           Z)x
                                                                                                           0- C)     Z
                  198 7          4-10      35        4-10         12       35        10-20      4-10       1W        U  0
                                 4-10      35        4-10         12       35        10-20      4-10       0 C)           Q.)
                                                                                                           :z L/)    LI)U

            ,n
                                               Service base labor requirements, low find scenario
                                               Source: Collins - RG&H, 1982
                                                       (Units Refer to Individuals Employed)

                                                                                    Port Manatee OCS Impact Study

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                IQ

                                                                                                                                                                                                                             A,                                                                                                                                                                                   ?
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              41,
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 A@
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                                              C T        V I T I                                                                                                    (@7
                                          !y                                                      Rd           Wh                Rd            Wh                 RR, Rd                              Rd,           FW                 Hc           Rd                RR, Rd,                          RR, Rd                              RR , Rd                              N.A.
                                                   I rIR2                                                                                                                                                                                                             Wh

                                                              3

                                                                                                        cc                                 cl@                            cc                                                                                                                                                                          Of
                                                                                                        <                                                                 <                                 <                            <                                   <                                                                        <                         <

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                z
                                                                                                                                           LLJ                                                              LAJ                                                              LAJ                                 LAJ                                  LU                        LU     W

                                                                                                                                           <                                                                <                                                                <                                   <                                    <                         Uj
                                                                                                        CO                                 cc                             CO                                co                           CO                                  CO                                  cc                                                             CAI-  M
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                                                     q9 7                                                                                                                                                   Uj                           Ui                                  U-j                                                                                                       :>
                                                                                                        <                                                                 <                                                              <
                                                     C) P'q                                             Ln                                 Ln                                                                                            V)                                  Ln                                  Ln                                   V)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       RR                railroad
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Rd                road
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Hc                Helicopter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       FW                fixed wing aircraft
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       WH        =       wharf site or accesS ntz:e6ec
                               C

                                                                                                                                        Service base transporation demands, low find scenario
                                                                                                                                         Source: Collins - RG&H, 1982
                               L
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Port Manatee OCS Impact StuTT

                       The following charts (Figures 2-13, 2-14 and 2-15) show levels of
                  activity per year for the medium find scenario.

                  High Find

                       The high find scenario postulates a number of commercially producible
                  hydrocarbon finds; some of which may be of the same magnitude as some of
                  the "giant" fields of the central and western Gulf of Mexico.

                       This scenario makes the assumption that commercial quantities of
                  hydrocarbons will be discovered every year for the next five years and
                  beyond.    The exploratory activities under this scenario reflect the proven
                  trend of oil* companies to assiduously explore leases following a highly
                  attractive discovery.

                       As in the other find scenarios, platform fabrication and installation
                  follow close on the heels of the discovery.      In the Gulf of Mexico, this is
                  made possible by the fact that a number of platform fabrication yards are
                  already in existence along the Gulf Coast, and the generally good weather
                  conditions allow offshore operations to proceed throughout the year.
                  Development wells are drilled once the production platforms are installed,
                  and will continue until the operators are reasonably sure that all accessible
                  fields have been discovered and produced.

                       Offshore events postulated in the high find scenario may justify
                  construction of a platform fabrication yard in coastal Florida, along with one
                  or more pipeline      f abrication / coating operations.  If the    quantity of
                  hydrocarbons produced is large, the construction of refineries in Florida may
                  also prove feasible.   Again, the constraints discussed previously regarding
                  siting refineries in Florida must be considered. The amount of hydrocarbons
                  produced is but one factor involved in the decision to site a large refinery.

                                                        2-42

                     Should a refinery be sited in Florida, the oil and/or gas produced from
                eastern Gulf leases would likely be transported to shore points near the
                refinery via submarine and onshore pipelines.        The selection of pipeline
                routes is a complex matter, and state and local jurisdictions and powers come
                into play.   The optimal landfall site (the place where the pipeline comes
                ashore) is at the location the shortest distance from the producing platform.
                Likewise, the optimal right-of-way for the onshore pipeline represents the
                straightest path from the landfall location to the refinery.  Problems of land
                ownership, and coastal zone management policies of the state are but two of
                the "real world" factors that can influence pipeline siting in coastal areas.

                     The following charts (Figures 2-16, 2-17 and 2-18) show onshore
                impacts that could reasonably be expected given the high find scenario.

                                                     2-43

                                                                           V)
                                                                           LLJ
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                                                                           z     0-                           , 1.       C@
                                                                 LLJ    U) <                                  z

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                                                         z                                         LIJ Ln     z          - <         L,-j
                                                         <                       LAJ                                     F-        < L@
                                                         0-                               L:) LLJ  in LLJ                <         Q-
                                                       z Z              Z  LLJ            z  -     <  -                  (D Lu     @n cz@
                                                                 F-              0  LLJ   -  z     LLJZ       z            LO        <
                                                                 z                        w  <     M  <                    <       L- W
                                                                 L'i                U     L'i Q-   -j Q-                 LLJW      cr@z
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                                    r@CTIVITIES        C) :c            M.W         Ln    (-j Lj   --c L->    LL-        Cx. Ln    ::t

                                     YEAR                               20,000                     1,000
                                                        2 ac     I  ac     sf      2ac   4-6   ac    sf       4-6  ac              200'
                                         1982
                                                                        201000                     1,000
                                         1983           6 ac     3   c     s f     6ac   4-6   ac    s f      4-6  ac              4oo,
                                                                        20,000                     1,000
                                         1984           6 ac     3 ac      s f   10 ac   4-6   ac    s f      4-6  ac,             4oo,
                                                                        20,000                     1,000
                                         1985           6 ac   10 ac       sf    15 ac   4-6   ac    sf       4-6  ack-10 ac       400,
                                                                        20,000                     1,000
                                         1986           6 ac   10 ac       s f   15 ac   4-6   ac    sf       4-6  ac 5-10 ac      600'
                                                                        20,000                     IPOOO
                                         1987           6 ac   10 ac       s f   15 ac   4-6   ac    s f      4-6  ac 5-10 ac      600'
                                                                        20,000                     1,000
                                         1988           6 ac   10 ac       s f   4-5 ac  4-6   ac,   s f      4-6  ac 5-10 ac      600'

                                                                                                                      ac = acres
                                                                                                                      sf = square feet

                                                        Service base land requirements, medium find scenario
                                                        Source: Collins - RG&H, 1982

                                                                                               Port Manatee OCS Impact StuTT

                                                                                                          Uj
                                                                                                          L-)

                                                           LIJ                         Xi
                                                                <              z
                                                   L/)     z    CL             Lki
                                                   U.j   Q <                   Z       z         z
                                                           a-                  CL        LM      <        z
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                                                                                       Q z       z
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                                            z      Z                           L'i                 <      CD L/)
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                                                   :E    - D    -j<      :r_   -j :C  iL/)0      CL0      a- L)
                                          ct:      w     Cr     w CL     0     w 0       0                   <
                           4CT IV IT I ES          U     0 Uj                    L-)   U-        0- un    W  U-

                            eEAR

                               1982       10-15     lo   4-12    8    110    1 10-20  1         50-150  1 0  1)
                                                                                                          U
            PO                                                                                            ro
                                                                       25      10-20   4-1o     50-150
            @4                 1983       10-15     20 1. 4-12  12                                        E

                                          10-15     45   4-12   16     45      10-20   4-1o     50-150
            C-Tt                 984
                                                                                                          10 10
                               1985       10-15     45   4-12  11 16   45      10-20   4-10   1 50-150  1 2 U

                                                                                                          tn ro
                                                                                                          U  U
                               1986       10-15     55   4-12   20     55      10-20   4-10   1 50-150    0
                                          10-15     45   4-12   16    145      10-20   4-1o     50-15.0.
                               1987
                                                                                                             cc:
                                                    45   4-12  116     50      10-20  ;4-10     50-150       ro
                               1988       10-15                                                           Ln U

            -n
            10
                                               Service base labor requirements, medium find scenario
                                               Source: Collins - RG&H, 1982

                                                        (Units Refer to Individuals Employed)

                                                                             Port Manatee OCS Impact Study

                                                                                                                4@
                                                                  @U                                          q                        LI

                                                                   A@,
                                                              A@

                                                                                            Iq                                 A@)
                 ACT IV IT I ES                                                                                           0
                 YCAR             Rd, Wh      Rd, Wh    RR, Rd     Rd, FW     Hc, Rd    RR Rd      RR, Rd       RR, Rd     RR, Wh
                    1982                                                                  wl@

                    1983

                                      <         <        <          <           <           <        <           <          <

                    1985                                            Uj                      Uj
                                      <         <        ZE                     <           <                               <
                    1986                        cc       CO                     M           M        M
                                                         %0%        bq
                                                                                            <        <           <          <
                    1987                                                                                         Uj
                                                         ZE         <           <           <        <           <          <
                    I

                                                                                                          RR =  railroad
                                                                                                          Rd =  road
                                                                                                          Kc =  helicopter
                                                                                                          FW =  fixed wing aircraft
             'n                                                                                           Wh =  wharf space/access needed

                                          Service base transportation requirements, medium find scenario
                                          Source: Collins - RG&H, 1982

                                                                                        Port Manatee OCS Impact Study

                                                                    LLJ
                                                                    -     <               z
                                                                    z     IL              LLJ
                                                           LLJ      <                     X        z          z
                                                                    0-                    CL       LLJ V)     <
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                                                    Ui     <                                         -        (-*,) C@
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                                                           LLJ                    LLJ CL    a-       _j       LLJ Cr   ccz
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                                                           w     cc CY    Ui CL   < 0     LU0        0                   __j
                                                  ac =)
                                 ACT IV IT I IES           Lj    ca w             Lj q-)  Dr kj               0- V)

                                  YEAR                           20,000                   1,000             100-150
                                     1.982        6 ac     I ac     sf    2 ac    4 ac      sf     4-6 ac     ac       4oo,
                                                  6 ac     3 ac  20 000                   1,000             100-730    800,
                                     1983                           1                                                  -
                                                                    sf    10 ac   6 ac      Sf     4-6 ac     ac
                                                                 20,000                   1,006             100-150
                                     1984         6 ac    10 ac-    sf    50.ac   6 ac      sf     4-6 ad ac           8oo,
                                                                 20,000                   1,000             100-150
                                     1985         6 ac   *10 ac     sf    50 ac   6 ac      sf     4-6 ad     ac       8oo,
                                                                 20,000                   1,000              00-150
                                     1986         6 ac    10 ac     sf  .50 ac    6 -a c    sf     4-6 ac     ac       8oo,
                                                                 .20,000                                    100-150
                                                  6 ac    30 ac     sf                    ''0?0    4-6 ac     ac       800,
                                     1987                                 50 ac   6 i.3c    5
                                                                 20,000                   1,000             100-150
                                     1988         6 ac    10 ac     sf    50 ac   6 ac      sf     4-6 ac. ac

                                                                                                             ac = acres
                                                                                                             sf = square feet
             'n
             40
             C                                     Service base land requirements, high find scenario
                                                   Source: Collins - RG&H, 1982

                                                                                       Port Manatee OCS Impact Study

                                                                                @u

                                                                              AN

                                                                                                                                          14
                     ICTIVITIE-S                                                                           $1

                    YEAR
                                        15-25          1.0        4-12             .8          10        20-50                                    Cd
                        1982                                                                                        4-io            150-200       124
                                                                                                                                                  44
                        1983            15-25          55         4-12             16          55        20-50      4-10
                                                                                                                                    150-200
                                                                                                                                                  -W -W
              00                                                                                                                                  Cd Cd
                        1984            15-25          60         4-12            20           60        20-5o      4-10            150-200
                        1985            15-25          60         4-12            20           60        20-50      4-10            150-200       rA Cd
                                                                                                                                                  rl tj
                                                                                                                                                  0

                                                                                                                                                    @Q
                        1986            15-25          70         4-12            28           70        20-50      4-io            150-200       >1

                                                                                                                                                  0 0  -W
                        1987            1              i;n                        9n           60        1) n       h               1 5n- ?on
                                                                                                                                                  4-Jw %w
                         988            1 S-25                    4-19            70     1     55        90   so    @-In            i sn-?o       cnU  En

              -n                                          Service base labor requirements, high find scenario
                                                          Source: Collins - RG&H, 1982
                                                                    (Units Refer to Individuals Employed)

                                                                                                        Port Manatee OCS Impact Study

                                                                                                                                                    A,,

                                                                                                 A@'

                                                                                                                                                                   (51

                      ACT IV IT I F@
                                                                                                                                                               0

                      YFAR                 Rd, Wh                                                                  RR, Rd,
                         19-112                            Rd, Wh       RR,   Rd      Rd, FW         Hc    Rd        Wh          RR,   Rd       RR,  Rd       RR,   Wh

                         I qA3
                         1981,                                                                                         CC          9X
                                                                                                                                                    <            <

                         1985                    LAJ         Uj          L"                                            L'i         Uj               w
                                                                                                        <
                         1 9R6                                           ca              M                             co          co               cc           M
                                                                                                                       <                            <

                                                                                                                                   L"               L"

                                                                                                                                                                 <
                                                             Ln           V)             Ln             Ln             Ln          Ln               (A

                                                                                                                                                railroad
                                                                                                                                         Rd  = road
                                                                                                                                         Mc  = helicopter
                                                                                                                                         Fw  = fixed wing aircrafL
                                                                                                                                         wh  = wriarf space/accest. necdcu
                C
                                                         Service base transportation requirements, high find scenario
                                                         Source: Collins - RG&H, 1982

                00

                                                                                                                  Port Manatee OCS Impact Study

                                                  CHAPTER 3

                     INVENTORY OF EXISTING PUBLIC FACILITIES
                             AND SERVICES AT PORT MANATEE

                      Port Manatee is located in the northwest corner of Manatee County,
                 Florida and on the southeast shore of Tampa Bay (see Location Map Figure
                 3-1 and Aerial Photo Figure 3-2).

                      Port Manatee consists of approximately 675 acres of port operational
                 lands, including:   an access channel connecting Port Manatee to the Federal
                 Tampa Bay Channel, a ship turning basin, seven improved Berths (5 - 11),
                 open and warehouse storage areas and land leased for agricultural farming.

                      Cargo presently handled at the port includes:

                      0     Liquid Bulk Cargo (petroleum products) - crude oil, bunker C,
                            diesel fuel, jet fuel, gasoline, industrial blends of fuel.

                      0     Dry Bulk Cargo - cement, fertilizer /phosphate products, citrus
                            pellets, feed, coal.

                      0     General Cargo - lumber and plywood, steel, industrial equipment,
                            scrap metal, citrus concentrates, waste paper, explosives, oil
                            drilling supplies, building materials.

                 TRANSPORTATION ACCESS

                 Water

                      Port Manatee is located approximately 12 nautical miles from the Tampa
                 Bay entrance and is the first port of call along the Federal Tampa Bay
                 Channel. After entering Tampa Bay between Egmont Key and Mullett Key,
                 ships headed for Port Manatee proceed east approximately 5.5 nautical miles
                 to the Sunshine Skyway Bridge.       At the bridge the Tampa Channel heads

                                                       3-1

                northeast for approximately 3.5 miles to the Port Manatee access channel.
                The two channels intersect at right angles and have flared corners for
                turning (see Figure 3-3, Water Access to Port Manatee).

                     A 3-mile long access channel connects Port Manatee to the Federal
                Tampa Bay Channel. The access channel is 400 feet wide by 40-42 feet deep
                at low tide.   The dimensions of the access channel and turning basin are
                based on a design vessel 600 feet long with a beam of 80 feet, which reflects
                present and future ship traffic.         The access channel flares at its
                intersection with the Tampa Bay Channel and also at the entrance to the
                turning basin to provide sufficient area to maneuver a design vessel.         At
                present, the Federal Tampa Harbor Channel depth limits vessel drafts to 33
                feet, 6 inches.    The USACOE is currently deepening the Federal Harbor
                Channel to -43' MLW.     Completion of this project is anticipated by 1985, at
                which time Port Manatee will be able to utilize its access channel and basins
                to their design capacity.     Port Manatee owns and maintains side channel
                markers and buoys which mark the limits of the access channel. Two upland
                range lights exist to aid pilots with channel alignment at night.

                     Tampa    Harbor pilots, specially trained for navigating the Tampa
                Channel and   the access channels into and out of the various ports in Tampa
                Bay, meet the larger ships just off Egmont Key, relieve the Captain and
                steer to the desired port.     At the ports, tugs aid in the final docking
                procedure. Two tugs, owned by the Manatee Tug and Barge Company, are
                available for service at Port Manatee for an hourly fee.     The harbor pilots
                are again contacted prior to departure.            They provide      their own
                transportation to and from the ships.        The schedule of entrances and
                departures at the Tampa Bay entrance and at the ports is controlled by the
                Tampa Harbor pilots.

                                                      3-2

                                                                                                           =3
                                      Location Map - Port Manatee                                          4-0
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                                                                         *Sites Listed Under               E
                                                                            The National Register
                                                                            Of Historic Places

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                                                 41-
                                 Manatee
                                 .County                                          Source: BLM Map

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                                                        3-3                             Figure 3-1

                                                                                                          *JAL

                                                             ktAkft

                                                        -4;

                     Yo                                                                                                                                                                                                                         PORT        MANATEE

                                                                                                                                                                  Port Manatee OCS Impact Study

                 Air

                      Helicopter

                      One helicopter pad exists at Port Manatee and is located adjacent to
                 Berths 10 and 11 on the southeastern side of the basin (see Figure
                 3-4, Port Manatee Helipad).     However, helicopters have been observed to
                 land at most all of the open areas at the port.

                      Fixed-Wing

                      Port Manatee is located within 40 minutes of Tampa International Airport
                 and within '30 minutes of St.         Petersburg International Airport and
                 Sarasota-Bradenton Airport. Large air cargo or international/ national flights
                 are handled by any of these airports.     Manatee Airport, a privately owned
                 airport, is open to the public and is located on U.S. Highway 41,
                 approximately one mile east of the port entrance.     Manatee Airport consists
                 of a 3,300 foot grass airstrip capable of servicing small planes (2-10
                 passengers) and is used for transferring personnel into and out of the area
                 (see Figure 3-5, Major Roads and Airports Surrounding Port Manatee).

                 Land

                      Highway and Internal Roadway System

                      Highway access to Port Manatee is from U.S. Highway 41, west on
                 Piney Point Road 0.58 miles, south on Reeder Road 0.13 miles, then west on
                 the Port Manatee access road 0.55 miles to the port.

                      U. S. Highway 41 is a four lane, asphalt road and is owned by Manatee
                 County.   Manatee County maintains Piney Point Road except for the 2,500
                 foot stretch on port property, which is maintained by Port Manatee. Reeder
                 Road is a two-lane, asphalt road and is owned and maintained by Manatee
                 County.    The two-lane, asphalt access road to Port Manatee, and other

                                                      3-5

                roads around the port facilities, are owned and maintained by Port Manatee
                (see Figure 3-5, Major Roads and Airports Surrounding Port Manatee).

                      Within the port land, paved roads consist of the westerly extension of
                the access road along the northern side of the basin, a north-south road
                along the eastern side of the basin and miscellaneous roads servicing the
                wharf areas.     Unpaved roads connect additional areas, especially on the
                south side of the basin (see Figure 3-6, Internal Roadways and Rail
                Transportation) .

                      Rail System

                      Port Manatee operates its own terminal railroad, the MCPA Railroad,
                which is licensed under the Interstate Commerce Commission.              The port
                publishes a switching tariff as a Class III railroad.        Railroad classes are
                designated by the Federal Safety Board. Class III indicates the railroad was
                designed to safely attain speeds of 40 to 50 miles per hour. The switching
                tariff is a tax to allow the connection with the interstate railroad, Seaboard
                Coastline Railroad.    Port Manatee's railroad system consists of two switch
                engines, 26 switches, and approximately six miles of track.

                      The MCPA Railroad joins with the Seaboard Coastline (SCL) Railroad
                near the port entrance and parallels SCL while servicing the Dickey Clay
                Pipe Company and the Manatee Metals Company. From the connection with
                SCL, the MCPA Railroad runs west along the port access road to the port
                facilities. Berths 5 through 9 have access to rail service and Berths 6 and
                7 utilize the railroad extensively (see Figure 3-6, Internal Roadways and Rail
                Transportation) .

                BERTHING FACILITIES

                      The port basin is an open-ended rectangular shape, approximately 1,500
                feet long by 800 feet wide, bounded on all three sides by Berths 6 through
                10.   This allows efficient use of waterfront space, as the entire basin

                                                        3-6

                    Water Access to Port Manatee                                       CO

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               Source:
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                                             3-7                       Figure 3-3

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            Entrance
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                                                             El     Port Manatee
                              Turning Basin,

                                 Port Manatee
                                 Helipad

                                Port  anatee Boundar;mContlnues-           Not to Scale

                                                   3-8                         Figure 3-4

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                                                                                                               (1)
                  Major Roads & Airports Surrounding Port Manatee

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                      Port Mana                  Manatee Airport     Legend
                                             Sarasota/Bradenton      * Port Manatee
                                             A ort                  1ftpW Major Airports

                                                                          Major Cities
                            Sarasot            75
                                                                          Major Roads

                                                                    ---Future Road

                                                     41

                                                         3-9                              Figure 3-5

                      Manatee County Port Authority

                                                                       Piney oint
                                                                                                                                                  ------------      i

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                                Chkopel                                                                                                                                                                      Water
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                       Bay                                                                Ar.a                                                                                                   - - - - - - Dirt Roads

                                                                                                                                                                                                             Railroad

                                                                                                                                                                                                             Coast Line

                                                                                                                                                                                                             Dredge Symbol

                                                                                                                                                   Not to Scale              North

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                         Internal Roadways &                                            Rail         Transportation

                                                                                                                                              Port Manatee OCS Impact Study

                  perimeter is lined with berths.    The open, rectangular shape coupled with
                  direct access    from the access      channel,   provides    safe and efficient
                  maneuvering to and from the berths (see Figure 3-7, Berthing Facilities).

                  Berth 5

                       Berth 5, originally constructed as a barge berth, is approximately 650
                  feet in length. Berthing structures consist of two steel sheet pile cells with
                  concrete caps placed 250 feet apart, and a wood and concrete berthing
                  platform located between them.     Berth 5 is used for ship repair and barge
                  storage.   Since its construction in 1972, the steel sheet pile cells have
                  experienced deterioration from corrosion to the point that the berth has
                  significant operational limitations.

                  Berth 6

                       Berth 6 is approximately 750 feet in total length and consists of three
                  "T" head concrete platforms (bulk oil loading (BOL) docks) constructed
                  during the early 1970's and a newly completed wharf section.            The new
                  wharf, located 30 teet west of the westernmost platform, is approximately 240
                  feet in length and is designed to receive rails for a gantry type bulk loader.
                  The new wharf section also includes an oil service point for off-loading and
                  bunkering.

                  Berth 7

                       Berth 7 is approximately 500 feet long and consists of continuous steel
                  sheet pile (SSP) cells. Berth 7 is used for oil, dry bulk and general cargo
                  handling.   Manatee Terminals operates a fixed gantry bulk loader on the
                  berth which handles products such as phosphate and cement.

                                                        3-11

                Berth 8

                     Berth 8 is approximately 500 feet long and consists of the same type
                structure as Berth 7 (SSP cells).     The berth is used for petroleum and
                general cargo products, and is within close proximity to two large
                warehouses and the port administration building.

                Berths 9 and 10

                     Berths 9 and 10 consist of continuous SSP cells with a concrete cap.
                The combined length of these berths is approximately 1,200 feet.         These
                berths are mainly used for phosphate and general cargo handling.        Becker
                Phosphate Company employs extensive use of Berth 9; Berth 10 is used by
                Florida Power & Light for off-loading and bunkering.

                Berth 11

                     Berth 11 is approximately 550 feet in length and consists of three
                breasting platforms spaced 90 feet apart.   The berth provides facilities for
                liquid bulk and general cargo vessels.

                Existing Pipeline Facilities

                     The existing pipeline facilities at each berth are listed below.    These
                lines have on and off-loading capability.

                Berth 5 - None

                Berth 6 - Bunker C

                           Black Oil

                Berth  7 - 811 Leaded Gasoline

                           10" Diesel
                           2-811 Bunkers (1611 drops to 2-89
                           10" Unleaded Gasoline
                           16" Asphalt

                                                    3-12 -

               Port Manatee Berthing Facilities

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                                               ...........

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                         I"M mPomrt TN =anatee Pmromperty Boundarym(Continues)

                                         3-13                    Figure 3-7 __j

                 Berth 8 -NtoS
                             16" Asphalt
                             5 Stubs

                             2-1211 Bunkers

                             10" Diesel

                             10" Bunker

                 Berth 9     E to W

                             2-30" Bunker Lines

                             4-81' Diesels
                             6" Heavy Marine Diesel (dirty diesel)
                             81' Spare will tie to gas lines

                 Berth 10    4-8" Diesel
                             6" Heavy Marine Diesel
                             8" Spare
                             2-12" tied to 30" FPL

                 Berth 11    None, 30" Diesel and Bunker lines planned.

                 UTILITIES

                 Water

                      Potable water supplied to Port Manatee is owned, maintained and
                 operated by the Manatee County Utilities Department. Treated potable water
                 is supplied by a water main running north along U.S. 41 from the Manatee
                 Reservoir, which is located approximately 25 miles upstream of the Manatee
                 River.   The potable water is treated at the Manatee Reservoir before piping
                 to the port.     The water main is capable of supplying 4,700 gal/min of
                 potable water (see Figure 3-8, Water Supply for Port Manatee) to Port
                 Manatee.

                                                       3-14

                Sewerage

                     Sewer facilities are located at Port Manatee and are owned, maintained
                and operated by the Manatee County Utilities Department.        The wastewater
                treatment plant at the port has a permitted design flow of 40,000 gallons per
                day.   The 1982 average flow was 5,000 gallons per day.       Sewage treatment
                is 'by extended aeration. The effluent is chlorinated and discharged into an
                on-site evaporation -percolation pond.     The sludge is disintegrated by
                chemicals and the treated water is piped underground to Tampa Bay (see
                Figure 3-9, Port Manatee Sewage Treatment Facilities and Primary Storm
                Drainage Systems).

                Electricity

                     Electrical power and distribution facilities are provided by the Florida
                Power & Light (FPL) Company.            Electric power service is provided
                individually to each tenant.     Generally, there are no limitations to the
                amount of service that may be supplied.

                     Any sewer, water and electric power facilities /equipment located at the
                wharf structures and port-owned buildings are owned and maintained by the
                port.

                MISCELLANEOUS SERVICES

                Stormwater Drainage

                     Stormwater drainage within the main port facility is provided by a
                combination of ditches, swales, and underground pipe systems.          South of
                Piney Point Road (including the main port facility) drainage flow is generally
                westward into the main north or south border ditches, then into Tampa Bay.
                North of Piney Point Road drainage flow is generally northward to the Piney
                Point Creek Watershed (see Figure 3-9, Port Manatee Sewage Treatment
                Facilities and Primary Storm Drainage System).

                                                     3-15

                                                                                  CO

                                                                                  -1--d
                           Water Supply for Port M@natee                          C.)

                Legend
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                ........... Raw Water Line                                        C)
                                                                                  0
                        Potable Water Line

                                                                                  CO
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                                    Piney Point

               Port Manatee
                                                                                  0
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                                                 ..........

             Tampa
             Bay

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                                                               Manatee
                                                              .Reservior

                      Manatee river

                                                              L   Manatee

                                S R  7 0

               Not to Scale

                                           3-16                     Figure 3-8

                   Port Manatee Sewage Treatment Facilities
                   & Primary Storm Drainage System

                                                                                                                CO
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                                                                       Piney   Point                            E

                                                                                                                 0

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                                                                                                 Culvert
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                                                                                Port   Manatee
                                     Turning Basin

                                       Main Ditch South
                                                                   Culvert I
                                      Port Manamtee @BoundamrymContinues           'Not to;cale

                  Legend

                             Sewage Treatment Facilities

                     P,
                             Storm Drainage System

             L                                            3-17                              Figure 3-9

                  Solid Waste Disposal

                        Solid waste disposal is provided by a commercial collection company.
                  Dumpsters are distributed throughout the port.              The collected waste is
                  disposed off port property in approved disposal facilities in accordance with
                  the collection company's standard procedures.

                  Fire Control

                        Untreated raw water is piped directly from the Manatee Reservoir to an
                  elevated storage tank located between Port Manatee and the A'MAX Phosphate
                  Complex (see    Figure 3-8, Water Supply at Port Manatee). The storage tank
                  capacity is sufficient to provide water for fire protection at Port Manatee.
                  Port Manatee has a contract with the City of Palmetto Fire Department which
                  provides fire fighting services. The Fire Department can be at the scene in
                  10 to 12 minutes from notification. Fire hydrants are distributed throughout
                  the port to provide protection to all sections.         Belcher Oil has some foam
                  fire fighting equipment.        Tugboats at the port have the capability of
                  pumping saltwater for fire fighting.

                  Oil Spill Cleanup

                        The Port Manatee Environmental Protection Committee has a contract
                  with A & A Coastal Pollution Cleanup Services, Inc. to contain oil spills at
                  the port, whether they occur on water       or land.

                        There is a trailer located on port    property which houses equipment and
                  materials.   Included in the equipment      is an oil boom capable of extending
                  across the entire basin.     This boom is strategically stationed at the western
                  corner of Berth 10 where it can be immediately deployed to contain a spill
                  within the basin. A copy of the contract, including a list of equipment and
                  materials, is presented in Appendix B.

                                                           3-18

               Security

                    A guard house is located at the port facility entrance with a guard on
               duty during hours when most tenants are not present, 3:30 p.m. to 8:00 a.m.
               The guard makes rounds through the port facilities every four hours. The
               guard is employed by the Manatee County Port Authority.

               General Port Maintenance

                    The port has a maintenance crew of 12 persons, including one
               supervisor.   The crew maintains the navigation buoys, channel markers,
               wharfs and buildings.      The crew also maintains the drainage system,
               grounds and roads.

               Lease Agreements

                    The typical lease addresses the following items:

                    Term - The terms of leases vary depending on the nature of the
               business of the diversified tenants. Existing terms at the port range from a
               month-to-month basis to fifteen years.

                    Rent     Rent is paid on a monthly basis and the amount is figured in
               different ways, again, depending on the business. Methods of payment are
               determined by the Port Authority and include; payment of a percentage of
               the appraised property value, a price per acre of leased land, an amount
               per ton of cargo shipped, or a set amount per month.

                    Purpose - The proposed use of the leased land is described in the lease
               and the tenant agrees to conduct business according to these guidelines.
               Any demolition or new construction must be authorized by the Port
               Authority.

                                                    3-19

                         Guaranteed Wharfage - Each tenant is guaranteed a certain footage of
                    wharf and can use it to their fullest capability.             However, tenants are
                    responsible to provide the Port Authority with an advanced schedule of ship
                    arrivals and departures so that other non-tenants may use the berths when

                    vacant.

                         Access - The tenant has the right to continuously ingress and egress
                    through Port Manatee to the leased property and guaranteed wharf.                    Full
                    use of roads and railroads is included.        The Port Authority shall have free
                    access to the leased land, during reasonable hours, for examination                  and
                    inspection to insure compliance with the terms in the lease.

                         Maintenance - All equipment and machinery at the berthing area and
                    leased land should be in good repair and kept in an orderly, safe and
                    healthy condition at all times.

                         Taxes and License Fees - All taxes and license fees for property,
                    buildings, facilities, services or other improvements located on the leased
                    property are to be paid by the tenant.

                         Utilities - Water, sewer and electrical services are available and all
                    payments, including deposits and hook-ups are to be made by the tenant.

                         Insurance - Tenants are required to have a public liability policy to
                    insure against any claims made by any persons injured in connection with
                    construction,    operation    and    maintenance     of improvements,        land     and
                    buildings.   Usually, the policy will be required to name the Port Authority
                    as well as the tenant as the persons insured. Otherwise, the Port Authority
                    will be held harmless from all liability connected with activities on the leased

                    land,

                         Subletting and. Termination - Subletting of the leased property is only
                    allowed if both parties formerly agree and produce legal documentation. Any
                    termination of the lease, whether forced or intended, without the written

                                                             3-20

                agreement of the Port Authority will make the tenant liable under all
                applicable laws pertaining.

                LANDSIDE SPACE

                Existing Land Use

                     The following existing land uses are present at Port Manatee (see
                Figure 3-10, Existing Land Use):

                     -     National Portland Cement operates a cement grinding mill on port
                           property north of Berth 6.      Processed Portland-grade cement is
                           trucked from the port to industry in west central Florida.

                     -     Manatee Terminals, Inc. operates dry bulk loading and storage
                           facilities adjacent to Berths 6 and 7. Dry bulk loading at Berth 7
                           is performed primarily by a fixed gantry.            Storage facilities
                           consist of four silos, two for cement storage and two for citrus
                           pellet storage, and approximately 80,000 square feet of warehouse
                           storage area.    The warehouses are used for phosphate, citrus
                           products and cement storage.

                     -     The Belcher Oil Company operates a petroleum storage tank farm
                           in an area just northeast of the port basin.      The farm presently
                           has a capacity of 1,400,000 barrels.         Belcher has purchased
                           additional land adjacent to this property to provide increased
                           storage capacity.    Belcher utilizes Berths 6-10 for on and off
                           loading,of petroleum products.

                     -     The Manatee Energy Company operates a 28,000 barrel-per-day
                           crude oil processing plant northeast of the basin near Belcher Oil.
                           The plant processes jet fuel, diesel and residual oil products for
                           the west central Florida area.     The property also has a 300,000
                           barrel capacity for storage.

                                                      3-21

                         Existing Land Use
                        Manatee County Port Authority

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                Coast Line
                                                                     ... ... . ...               h
                                                                                                                                                                                                                Dredge Symbol

                                                  Short Term
                                                  Alricultural    Leases (D(5)                                   10    Open Storage
                                                  Existing Facilities                                            11    Manatee Energy Co             Not to Scale              North
                                             6    Manatee Terminal Bldg                                          12    Belcher Oil
                                             7    Manatee Terminals                                              13    Natl Portland Cement
                                             8    Benson-Chenault Warehouse.                                     14    Beker Phosphate Storage
                                                  Port Administration Building                                   15    Existing Dredge Spoil Area

                                                                                                                 16    Manatee Metals
                  CD
                                                                                                                 U7    Manatee County Lease Area

                                                                                                                                                Port Manatee OCS Impact Study

                            Benson-Chenault owns a 110,000 square foot warehouse adjacent to
                            Berth 8. This warehouse is currently unused.

                            Port Manatee owns a transit shed located adjacent to Berth 8. The
                            transit shed has a storage area of 30,000 square feet.

                            The Becker Phosphate Company operates a facility adjacent to
                            Berth 9 for receipt, open storage and shipment of wet phosphate

                            rock.

                            Florida Power & Light utilizes Berth 10 for on and off-loading of
                            petroleum products.  Berths 10 and 11 are also used for general
                            cargo handling.

                            The Port Authority has a permitted spoil disposal area located
                            approximately 1300 feet from the basin.

                            Manatee Metals operates a scrap metal processing plant in the
                            northeast section of port property.

                            Approximately 82 acres of land along the northeastern property
                            line has been leased on a long term basis to Manatee County for
                            use as a correctional complex.

                  Projected and/or Master Planned Land Use

                       The following land uses are projected or Master Planned at Port Manatee
                  (see Figure 3-11, Master Planned and Unassigned Land Use).

                            The area along the south property line, adjacent to Berths 9, 10
                            and 11, is designated in the Master Plan as bulk storage area for
                            phosphate.   The area between the Berth 8 warehouses and the
                            spoil disposal area is designated in the Master Plan as open

                                                      3-23

                         storage for general cargo.   Both of these areas are adjacent to
                         present waterside development and are designated as such to meet
                         future storage needs.

                         The area east of the existing spoil area to Reeder Road is
                         permitted to be used for spoil disposal in 1983.    The area from
                         Reeder Road east to the SCL railroad is also permitted for spoil
                         disposal.  Both of these areas, currently leased for agricultural
                         use, are shown as dry bulk storage areas for rock, coal and
                         cement in the Master Plan and may be used as such if other areas
                         or methods are used for spoil disposal.

                         The area of port property north of Piney Point Road is currently
                         leased for agricultural use. This area is designated by the Master
                         Plan as dry bulk storage for phosphate rock, coal and cement.

                         The northeastern corner of port property, east of Manatee Metals,
                         is designated by the Master Plan for liquid bulk storage of
                         petroleum products.   This is the farthest point of port property
                         from the basin and pipelines would probably run underground from
                         the basin to the storage tanks.

                    A copy of the Port Manatee - Master Development Plan contained in the
               port's master planning document entitled, Master Development Plan Update,
               is included in Appendix C.

               Unassigned Land

                    Approximately 163 acres of land at Port Manatee has either no long term
               existing use commitments or is not reserved for a specific future use (see
               Figure 3-11 Master Planned and Unassigned Land Use).        This unassigned
               land is distributed as follows:

                                                  3-24

                        Master Planned &Unassigned Land Use
                       Manatee County Port Authority

                                                                       Piney Point

                                                                                                                                                ------------
                                                                                      @O

                                                                       . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . .. ... ...

                                                                         :000
                                                                              U     0
                  INO
                     NI                                                     OQO
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                                                                                             Port Acce
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                                                                                                   ..................    ....
                                                                                                                         "0
                                          Borth 6     Ber!h 7                            A  P                             ..............                                                                 Property Line
                                                                       El                                                            ---- ---
                                                                                                           ...........        *44:60WA, Ift,
                                                                                                                                      ......                                                             Water

                                                                             yo                           ...........                                                                                                   s
                                @Turnlng   sin                                                                                             .......                                                       Paved Road

                                                                                                    ............  ... ................
                                                                                                          ......                                                                                         Dirt Roads

                                              . . . . . . . . . . . .
                                                                                                                                 .............
                                                                                                                                                                                                         Railroad

                                          .. .....                                                     .........
                                                                                                                                                                                                         Coast Line

                                                                                                                                                                                                         Dredge Symbol

                  -n                                    Master         Planned
                  to
                  CD                                    Unassigned                                                                               Not to Scale I           North
                                                                                                                              . . .....

                  1-4

                                                                                                                                           Port Manatee OCS Impact Study

                            Approximately 23 acres of open land north of Manatee Terminals
                            and National Portland Cement are unused and available. This land
                            has approximately 2400 feet of waterfront to the north and west.
                            However, only approximately 330 feet of this waterfront (Berth 5)
                            has been developed/ dredged.

                            Approximately 6 acres of land adjacent to Berths 10 and 11 is
                            presently unassigned.

                            A one acre area on the corner of Berths 5 and 6 is presently
                            unused and available.

                            Approximately 52 acres of open land between Belcher Oil Company
                            and Piney Point Road is available, with approximately 1200 feet of
                            waterfront.   There is no ship access to this waterfront as this
                            area is undeveloped and has not been dredged.

                            Approximately 13 acres of open land exists at the intersection of
                            Piney Point Road and the east-west railroad track.         This area
                            consists of two triangular regions.        The western region is
                            currently used for agricultural growing and the eastern region is
                            unused and has the elevated water tower for fire protection at its

                            center.

                            Approximately 24 acres of unassigned agricultural land exists at
                            the western end of the northernmost property line. Approximately
                            50 acres of unassigned land exists east of this area between the
                            Dickey Clay Pipe Company and Manatee Metals.            Approximately
                            one-third of this area is agricultural in nature with the northern
                            part still unused.

                                                       3-26

                                                   CHAPTER 4

                             FORECAST OF EXPANSION NEEDED
                             TO MEET OCS INDUSTRY DEMANDS

                      The demands on Port Manatee from forecasted OCS activity may aftect
                the future of physical development in the port area.          By considering OCS
                activity in the four scenarios (no find, low, medium and high finds), the
                potential demands on the port have been estimated.                In the previous
                chapter, an inventory of existing facilities and services was presented which
                is used in this chapter to determine the degree to which demands can be
                met.   By comparing forecasted demands to existing facilities, -the additional
                services which the port must provide are determined. The needs generated
                by each of t1le scenarios are considered through the exploratory and
                development stages to provide the port with a range of possibilities for the
                following years.

                TEMPORARY SERVICE BASE

                      Port Manatee has been used as a temporary service base.             Four OCS
                service base companies most recently leasing land at the port include the
                f ollowing:  Tenneco Oil Company, IMCO Services, Dresser Industries, Inc.
                and N.L. Baroid/N.L. Industries, Inc. IMCO is the only company presently
                leasing land at the port.

                      In the event of increased OCS exploration and possible oil/gas
                development activities, it is likely that these activities would involve Port
                Manatee.    From a review of Chapter 3, it appears that the demands placed
                on the port in terms of land transportation, labor, services, and utilities can
                be satisfied in a temporary service base situation.         A comparison of these
                temporary demands and the existing facilities and           services supports this
                condition.   The minimum demands on the port as a           temporary service base
                include berthage for supply and crew boats, dock            space for loading and
                unloading, warehousing and open storage areas, a            helipad, and space to
                house supervisory and communication personnel.           These demands appear to
                be met with existing conditions.

                                                         4-1

                  Berthage

                      Port Manatee has 2,700 lineal feet (Berths 5, 6, 10 and 11) of available
                  berthage for fulltime use with OCS activities (Figure 3-8).   The amount of
                  berthage which is required during the exploration phase is dependent upon
                  the number of supply and crew boats needed to serve each rig. A typical
                  supply boat is about 200 feet in length with a draft of 14 feet loaded.     A
                  crew boat is shorter in length, about 100 feet with a maximum draft of 5
                  feet. In an exploratory phase rarely would the boats being used require
                  dock space simultaneously.   The most boats which could be expected at one
                  time are probably two crew boats and four supply boats. With even half of
                  the boats at the port, only 500 lineal feet of berthage would be needed
                  satisfying this demand.  Within the port basin, the depth is maintained to
                  40 feet M.L.W. which is more than adequate for these boats' required drafts.

                  Landside Space

                      There are approximately 30 acres of available waterside land at the port
                  (Figure 3-10). Chapter 2 indicates that land is needed along the waterfront
                  for the loading /unloading and storage of goods.     During the exploratory
                  phase about five acres of land are needed per rig for these purposes.
                  Other land requirements would be warehousing operations or office space and
                  parking.  One acre per helipad (for each rig) would result in additional
                  space: two acres maximum during this phase. A total of 5-10 acres of land
                  is needed which the 30 acres of available waterside port land can
                  accommodate.

                      The initial establishment of mud, cement, helicopter, drilling tool and
                  equipment, fishing and rental tool, and catering companies are likely during
                  the exploratory phase. The land requirements listed above will cover space
                  needed by these companies.

                                                      4-2

               Transportation

                    Transportation requirements as discussed in Chapter 2 for a temporary
               service base include water, air, road and railroad usage.       Water depths,
               widths and berthage have been discussed previously and appear satisfactory.
               The existing helipad would suffice for two helicopters which are the maximum
               needed during the exploratory phase.     The existing roads and railroad are
               of adequate size and location to serve the needs of the companies for
               trucking and shipping goods (Figures 3-5).

               Support Services

                    The labor, which is required during the exploratory phase, affects the
               port through the services required to support it.      These services include
               the catering companies, and transportation in the form of helicopters and
               new boats.    As a temporary service base with the existing facilities and
               transportation, labor needs can be accommodated. The labor source (local or
               transported) and its housing and public service needs (schools, hospitals,
               utilities) would not directly affect or make demands on the port.

               Summary

               Based on the above comparisons, it appears that Port Manatee would satisfy
               the demands placed upon it as a temporary service base during the
               exploratory phase.   However, consideration must be given to the fact that
               the projected demands on port facilities and services are based on educated
               but hypothetical forecasts of offshore activity levels.   Should the levels of
               offshore activity experienced in the future differ significantly from those
               forecasted, the fulfillment of the demands on the port, may not be satisfied.

                                                    4-3

                  PERMANENT SERVICE BASE

                       A permanent service base will be established once a commercial find of
                  oil and gas is made.   Offshore activity then progresses into the development
                  phase    Because of its location, it is reasonable to assume 1hal Port   Manatee
                  would be considered as a permanent service base.            By comparing the
                  demands which the development phase will place on the port's facilities and
                  services to that presently existing, the adequacies and deficiencies of the
                  port can be estimated.       Measures to solve these deficiencies can be
                  determined and programmed.      Activities likely to occur at the port during
                  the development phase include establishment of pipe fabrication and coating
                  yards, facilities for repair of boats and rigs and possible transportation
                  improvements.    There are a number of platform fabrication yards already
                  established in the Gulf of Mexico area within towable distance including four
                  on the Mississippi coast (Figure 2-6).      Because of this proximity, it is
                  unlikely that a new yard would be constructed in Florida.             While the
                  construction of a refinery(ies) in the Tampa Bay region may occur if a large
                  amount of "commercially developable" oil and gas is found, its location within
                  the region is a very complex issue.    A  study of refinery siting and oil and
                  gas pipeline landfalls in the area is being conducted by the Tampa Bay
                  Regional Planning Council and for that reason will not be addressed in this
                  study.

                  Landside Space

                       For a permanent service base more land will be required than for a
                  temporary service base.    In general, about 50-75 acres on an all-weather
                  harbor, depending on the intensity of development, is needed to support the
                  development phase. Most land will be used for warehouses and open storage
                  with at least 10,000 sq. ft. for office space.  The 30 acres of available open
                  land immediately adjacent to the port waterfront may not be sufficient.
                  However, when including the additional 52 acres north of Belcher Oil
                  Company which is available land with access to the water, there is enough to
                  satisfy waterfront land demands (Figure 4-1). Three hundred (300) acres of

                                                       4-4

          lie @= M MM M M M                                                                                                                                                                                                                   M M

                                    Waterfront Related Land

                                                                            Piney Poin

                                                                               :000
                                                                               110
                                                                                  OQ0

                                                                                                      Port Access                                               ---------
                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Legend
                                                                                                                                     04                                   0
                                            B
                                               rth 9      Berlh 7                                                                                                                                                    awwww-        Property Line
                                              ar          Bar!                                        _j
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                                                                                         E
                                              in                    0
                                                              ti-h                                                                   Cc                                                                                            Paved Roads
                                                                                                          )                          Cc
                                                                                                   Area
                                                                                                                                  00                                                                                 ------        Dirt Roads

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Railroad
                                              L-1 H
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Coast Line

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Dredge Symbol
                                                                                                                                                                                                                     r7@7_7_       Waterfront Land
                    'n                                                                                                                                                                                                             130 Acresl

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Land With
                                                                                                                                                                  Not to Scale                North                                Waterfront Access
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   (52 Acres)

                                                                                                                                                              Port Manatee OCS                                                     Impact Study

                   land to the north of the port, presently agricultural, have been partially
                   reserved on the Master Plan for future bulk and tank storage as well as
                   spoil disposal (Figure 3-10). Adjacent to Berth 8 is an additional 30,000 sq.
                   ft. of warehouse storage in a transit shed, which is also available for use as
                   office space.  A privately owned warehouse just north of the transit shed is
                   presently unused and contains 110,000 sq. ft. of space.         If additional land
                   is needed for open storage such as for pipe coating and storage yards, land
                   is available for purchase to the south of the port (Figure 4-2).

                   Berthage

                        From postulations in Chapter 2, the minimum amount of wharf space
                   needed for a permanent service base is 400 lineal feet with a maximum high
                   find demand of 800 lineal feet.       The port has 2,700 lineal feet of wharf
                   available for OCS use in its basin.      If a high find situation were to occur
                   with as many as 135 boats required for supplies and crew, additional oil and
                   product spill containment equipment would need to be developed for loading
                   and unloading areas.      In a high find situation, there would probably be
                   enough berth space available at Port Manatee.         Although the port may not
                   receive the total impact of these boats in a high find situation due to the
                   possibility of other service bases, it is reasonable to assume that the 2,700
                   lineal feet of wharf would provide adequate            berthage.     Berth 5, in
                   particular, is likely to experience the bulk of the water           oriented OCS
                   activity.   A:s discussed later in this chapter,       Berth 5 will need to be
                   upgraded to support the level of anticipated OCS activity should a find be
                   discovered. The required improvements to Berth         5 include: replacement of
                   existing structure, extension of the functional        length of berthage to a
                   minimum of 500 feet and the addition of the full compliment of utilities,
                   including fuel connections.

                        The ultimate draft required by vessels involved in the development
                   phase could be reasonably satisfied by the 40 feet depth of the Port Manatee
                   access channel and basin.      The Federal Tampa Harbor Channel is presently
                   limited to 33.5 feet but will be deepened by 1985 to 43 feet.      The port basin

                                                          4-6

                 itself can handle a vessel 600 feet long with an 80 feet beam.               Boats
                 associated with the development phase will not exceed these dimensions.
                 Channel widths of 400 feet are also sufficient for associated vessels.

                 Transportation

                      Air transportation for a permanent service base involves helicopter
                 service as well as planes.     One helipad is presently existing at the port.
                 With a high find situation as many as 22 helicopters could be needed during
                 the course of one year.        According to offshore activity forecasts, the
                 acreage demand for helicopter pad space could range up to 50 acres.             By
                 utilizing the southern most 15 acres of the 52 acre open space south of Piney
                 Point Road for a*n initial heliport, requirements up to the highest find
                 situation can be fulfilled.   At the time of an extremely large "find", the
                 additional helicopters could be handled at Manatee Airport, one mile to the
                 east.  Both locations, within the port and at the airport have excellent road
                 access which is essential in heliport requirements (Figure 4-3).

                      With three airports within 30-40 minutes of the port, large air cargo
                 shipments or national/ international flights could be directed through them.
                 Manatee Airport which can accommodate small planes (2-10 seaters) is one
                 mile east of the port.       It is sufficient to handle the transferring of
                 personnel into and out of the region. No additional services in air strip or
                 airport facilities would be required.

                      Road access to Port Manatee appears sufficient to handle an increase in
                 vehicular traffic to the port.    Within the port itself, some of the unpaved
                 roads presently existing may need a hardtop surface if their use has a
                 significant increase.   New roads may be needed to provide access to newly
                 developed storage areas, helipads or warehouses. This will be determined as
                 use areas are designated and developed.         Road improvement or additional
                 maintenance with increased trucking may occur.         This should be monitored
                 by the port and treated appropriately.            Employee parking has been
                 incorporated in landside space requirements.

                                                        4-7

                    Land Available For Purchase

                                         Piney Point

                                                                          ---------- ------------

                                                                                                8

                                                                                    -----------
                                          "00
            00  >.                        :00
                                           OQ0                                        Melvin
                                                  - a Por                           ------- -
                                                                                                                Legend
                     ..a                                              cc                 0
                        Berlh 6Bar!            Ir                     .9                                              Property Line
                                                                      I
                                                                      .j
                                               1                      0                                               Water
                40                                 Exfetln@
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                                                                                                                      Paved Roads
                E
                      Bar                           Area
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                             r7r,
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                                                                                                                      Railroad
                         L-I-Ij                                                                                       Coast Line

                                                                                                                      Dredge Symbol
                                                                                                               E;;@   Land Available
                                                                                                                      For Purchase

                                                                                     Not to Scale   North

                                                                                   Port Manatee OCS Impact Study

                           Proposed 0 5 Acres) Helipad Space

                                                                                                           F 11,
                                                             Piney oint                                        ItI

                                                                                                                                                                               Z
                                                                                                                                                   L J.

                                                               -0   *0                                                            -----------
                                                                                                                                                           Z,
                                                               100 Ow
                                                               ''DQO                                          Ib
                              It
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                         1,         orth 6    Borth 7                                                                                                                       m--- Property Line
                                                                                                                                                                                        Water
                         kTur"Ing On
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                          k     ior                                            Are*
                                                                                                                                                                            ------      Dirt Roads
                                            r7r,
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                                                                                                                                                                                        Railroad

                                                                                                                                                                            4-s!@ Coast Line

                                                                                                                                                                                        Dredge Symbol

                                                                                                                                                                                        15 Acres of Helped Area
                                                                                                                                                              N

                                                                                                                                  Not to Scale            North

                                                                                                                                 Port Manatee OCS Impact Study

                       The terminal railroad which is owned by the port, presently accesses
                 Berths 5 through 9. If direct access is needed to additional berths, a new
                 spur will be required. As new storage areas are developed, direct loading
                 and unloading of cars may be required.         If this becomes necessary, new
                 tracks will need to be installed to satisfy this demand. This will depend on
                 the layout and location of new storage and warehouse facilities.

                 Support Services

                       The labor force generated by a permanent service base will affect the
                 port in the same ways as with a temporary one. These will be demands on
                 catering companies, crew, boats and air transport. Because the demands of
                 these items have been discussed, the labor force will not be considered as a
                 separate demand requiring new or improved facilities at the port.

                       In considering Port Manatee as a permanent service base, assumptions
                 must be made. In the highest offshore activity situation, there     will probably
                 be more than one permanent service base.         This assumption allows for a
                 reduction of overall demands on a single port.            Improvements or new
                 facilities will also depend to some degree on the actual location of
                 uses/buildings on the site.      This directly applies to roads and railroad
                 additions /improvements.

                 SCENARIOS

                       The companies which move into the area once the exploration and
                 development phases begin, place demands on the port in four areas:
                 landside space, transportation, public utilities and port services.            By
                 postulating the effect that different degrees of activity have on these
                 demands, a range of possible scenarios has been developed. Scenarios are
                 outlines for hypothetical situations.      In these scenarios, a seven-year
                 cumulative story of what could happen in the event of various finds has
                 been given. These scenarios provide points for discussion on improving or
                 constructing new facilities and services at the port in the event demands
                 cannot be satisfied.

                                                       4-10

                    In the following scenarios, each service company is considered in the
               context of the demands it places on land,- transportation, utilities and
               services. In the case of land, both waterfront and non-waterfront space are
               reviewed.    Waterfront land includes berthage, warehouses, and open
               storage.   If there is adequate land for the demands of that company, the
               table will indicate a sufficiency or "X". If part of the demands are not met,
               then the table will indicate they are insufficient or "0". In some cases the
               com pany or the facility service may not apply. These situations are marked
               by "NA" (non-applicable).      In the instance of an insufficient service or
               facility appearing on the table, an explanation of the degree of inadequacy
               as well as remedial measures are discussed.           Some facilities may need
               improvement one year (0); be satisfactory to fultill additional needs of the
               second year (X); but need improvement again by the third year (0).

                    Transportation demands are considered for water, air and land. Water
               transportation involves sufficient widths and depths of the port basin,
               access channel and Tampa Bay Channel. Adequate helipad space and airport
               services are the determining factors for air travel. Land transportation has
               two aspects:    roads and railroads.    Sufficient size, quality and location of
               port roads must meet trucking and access demands. Railroads are concerned
               with location in relation to loading and storage areas.         If transportation
               demands cannot be met, an insufficient "0" is used on the table and an
               explanation is given.

                    Utilities include water, fire, wastewater, electricity, solid waste, and
               telephone service from local, public or private companies. The fulfillment of
               demands placed on these companies is considered sufficient if the agency
               confirms available capacity.

                    The port provides services to the companies -that presently exist on the
               site.   These include stormwater drainage, railroads, highways, security
               guard and maintenance crew.        These services must meet the demands of
               increased activity to be considered sufficient.

                                                     4-11

                      The following tables address the above issues in no, low, medium and
                 high find scenarios. The text explains non -applications and inadequacies.

                 NO FIND SCENARIO

                 Landside Space (Figure 4-4 and Figure 4-5)

                      In a no find scenario, catering companies will probably not move into
                 the area due to insignificant need. Pipe coating and storage yards are not
                 used in the exploratory phase, i.e., the only phase occurring in the no find
                 scenario. Platform fabrication yards will not be considered in the scenarios.
                 This is because as previously stated in the text, when needed, platforms will
                 be towed from yards in Mississippi.

                 Transportation (Figure 4-6)

                      The transportation demands placed on the port facilities appear to be
                 satisfied in a no find situation.   Because the port will not be used to any
                 further extent than as a temporary service base in a no find situation, no
                 additional or improved roads, railroads or helipads will be needed.

                 Utilities (Figure 4-7)

                      Because there will be no significant change in utility demands during
                 the no find situation, it appears the existing facilities will meet temporary
                 service base needs.

                 Services (Figure 4-8)

                      The existing port services which provide security, maintenance, oil spill
                 clean-up and drainage for the port appear to satisfy demands in a no find
                 scenario.

                                                      4-12

                 LOW FIND SCENARIO

                 Landside Space (Figure    4-9 and 4-10)

                      The landspace required for the low find scenario appears sufficient for
                 all companies.   There is no requirement during a low find scenario for pipe
                 coating and storage yards.      Because of the location of land to be used,
                 improvements to Berth 5 may be needed in 1984.             Berth 5 is the most
                 accessible berth to the land acreage most likely to be used to support the
                 OCS activity.

                 Transportation (Figure 4-11)

                      Although some improvement may be needed to existing roads, very little
                 if any additional roads will need construction.     During a low find scenario,
                 up to six helicopters may be employed in 1986. Therefore, new helipads will
                 need to be built as needed in the first, third and fifth years.

                 Utilities (Figure 4-12)

                      Utility companies appear to have sufficient capacity to handle the low
                 find scenario needs.

                 Services (Figure 4-13)

                      In a low find situation, it appears that the port's services are sufficient
                 to satisfy demands.

                 MEDIUM FIND SCENARIO

                 Landside Space (Figure 4-14 and 4-15)

                      There appears to be sufficient land for the service base requirements in
                 a low find situation. In the fourth year, however, improvements to Berth 5

                                                       4-13

                                                                                                                                            NO       FIND                SERVICE              BASE LAND REQUIREMENTS
                                                                                                                                                     @4                  C@                                                                           @4              'Z$   V)
                                                                                                                                                     0                                                                                          t--l  0                     n
                                                                                                                                                     0                                                                                          00                    U 04                  w
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                0     E--1            z
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    C@          E,                    @-q
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    U                                                       PL4
                                                                                                                     z                               z     PA            PL4                  z                                                 U                     !@    w               Cn
                                                                                                                          0           E-4                                0                    ).-j                                              z     F-4             0     U
                                                                                                                          U           @@:                                U                    04                                M   P4                z               U     9
                                                                        LAND USE                                     @4               w              @1    Cr,                                w               .14    z          .I                    w               w
                                                                                                                                      z              i-i   w             @-l                                  P@4               @-4 @D                P4              PL4   0
                                                                        Year                                                                                                                                  W                 W   CY          @-q       0           @-4   E-4
                                                                                                                                                                                                              04                :3: r4          ;mq   z   U           P-1   m

                                                                        1 - (1982)                                   x                x                  x               x                    NA                  x             x                   x                 NA                    x

                                                                        2 - (1983)                                   x                x                  x               x                    NA                  x             x                   x                 NA                    x

                                                                        3 - (1984)                                   x                x                  x               x                    NA                  x             x                   x                 NA                    x

                                                                        4 - (1985)                                   x                x                  x               x                    NA                  x             x                   x                 NA                    x

                                                                        5 - (1986)                                   x                x                  x               x                    NA                  x             x                   x                 NA                    x

                                                                        6   - (1987)                                 x                x                  x               x                    NA                  x             x                   x                 NA                    x

                                                                        7  - (1988)                                  x                x                  x               x                    NA                  x             x                   x                 NA                    x

                                                                        x           Sufficient
                                                                        0            Insufficient
                                                                        NA         Non Applicable

                                                                                                                                                                                                            Port Manatee OCS Impact Study

                 No Find Scenario - Space Requirements

                                   iney oint

                                          %

                                                                       -----------
                                    000       'r
                                    :)0
                                      Q0

                                             Port Ace*** Road        - ---------
                                                          Hs                                  Legend
                                                           V
                                                                           0
                    Berth
                         #Borth 7                                                                   Property Lln@
                                  Cl        L.. J

                                           Exist                                                    Water

                                                                                                    Paved Roads
            E              i-h
                                            Area           cc
                                                                                              ------ Dirt Roads
                   .7111                                                                            Railroad
                                                                                              4-r-@ Coast Line
                     ME MIN    w               as as wommmummogg as M M
                                                                                                    Dredge Symbol
                                                                                              Service Base Requirements

          ,n                                                                                        7.25 Acres of Land
                                                                       Not to Sca                   600 Sq. Ft of Warehouse
                                                                              le   North
                                                                                                    400 Lineal Feet of
                                                                                                    Wharf Space
                                                                                                    (See Figure 2-2)

                                                                       Port Manatee OCS             Impact Study

                                                  NO FIND - SERVICE BASE TRANSPORTATION REQUIREMENTS

                             TRANSPORTATION Paved                        Harbor
                             Year             Roads       Railroads      Basin        Channel   Helipads     Airports

                             I - (1982)        x             x            x             x         x            x

                             2 - (1983)        x             x            x             x         x            x

                             3 - (1984)        x             x            x             x         x            x

                             4 - (1985)        x             x            x             x         x            x

                             5 - (1986)        x             x            x             x         x            x

                             6 - (1987)        x             x            x             x         x            x

                             7  -.(1988)       x             x            x             x         x            x

                             x    Sufficient
                             0     Insufficient
            co
            C                NA   Non Applicable

                                                                                  Port Manatee OCS Impact Study

                                                     NO FIND - SERVICE BASE UTILITY REQUIREMENTS

                            UTILITY                                                            Solid
                            Year           Water         Sewer      Telephone   Electricity    Waste       Fire

                            1 - (1982)       x             x            x             x         x            x

                            2 - (1983)       x             x            x             x         x            x

                            3 - (1984)       x             x            x             x         x            x

                            4 - (1985)       x             x            x             x         x            x

                            5 - (1986)       x             x            x             x         x            x

                            6 - (1987)       x             x            x             x         x            x

                            7 - (1988)       x             x            x             x         x            x

                            x   Sufficient
                            0    Insufficient
                            NA  Non Applicable

                                                                                Port Manatee OCS Impact Study

                                                    NO FIND    SERVICE BASE PORT SERVICES

                                     PORT SERVICE
                                     Year                                                   Stormwater
                                                              Maintenance     Oil Spill      Drainage
                                                    Guard         Crew        Clean-Up        System

                                     1 - (1982)       x             x            x            x

                                     2 - (1983)       x             x            x            x

                                     3 - (1984)       x             x            x            x

           00                        4 - (1985)       x             x            x            x

                                     5 - (1986)       x             x            x            x

                                     6- (1987)        x             x            x            x

                                     7- (1988)        x             x            x            x

                                     x   Sufficient
                                     0    Insufficient
                                     NA  Non Applicable
            C

                                                                                  Port Manatee OCS Impact Study

                                                           LOW FIND     SERVICE BASE   LAND REQUIREMENTS

                                                                                                               Z@ En
                                                                                C;                    00       U P@
                                                                                                     0  E-4    ;4

                                                                        F@      U         U
                                                                                                     U
                                                                        0                               E-4    0 U
                                                                        U                        C@4    z      U 9       r-4
                              LAND USE                           CY                                     w      w         04
                                                                 w                                      P"     P@0
                              Year                       w     P@                      w      w CY               P
                                                         U     m 16                    9       :@:w     116      Cn      i

                              1 - (1982)          x      x       x      x       x         x    x        x       NA       x

                              2 - (1983)          x      x       x      x       x         x    x        x       NA       x

                              3 - (1984)          x      x       x      x       x         x    x        x       NA       0

                              4 - (1985)          x      x       x      x       x         x    x        x       NA       x

                              5 - (1986)          x      x       x      x       x         x    x        x       NA       x

                              6 - (1987)          x      x       x      x       x         x    x        x       NA       x

                              7 - (1988)          x      x       x      x       x         x    x        x       NA       x

                              x     Sufficient
                              0      Insufficient
                              NA    Non Applicable

                                                                                         Port Manatee OCS Impact Study

                  Low Find Scenario - Space Requirements

                                        iney o nt

                                                                                  -----------
                                         :()00                           -.A,,
                                   %
                                         '(10  0z)
                                          OQO
                                                                                    Miss
            CD                                       Par-t Access               - ---------                  Legend

                       5011h6 berih7
                                                                                                             is -   Property Line
                                                 Exist              J                                               Water
                                                                    0
                 TurrJnoa                                           C
              E                                                     a                                        -      Paved Roads
                                                                    cc
                                                                                                             ------ Dirt Roads
                             L-7
                                                                                                                    Railroad
                 L                                                 cc                                               Coast Line
                                                      win M     M M fiaim@ as M
                                                                                                                    Dredge Symbol
                                                                                                             Service Base Requirements

                                                                                                                    39 Acres of Land

            'n                                                                                                      21,000 Sq. Ft.of Warehouse
            to                                                                     Not to Scale   North
            C
                                                                                                                    400 Lineal Ft. of Wharf

                                                                                                                    (See Figure 2- 5)

                                                                                   Port Manatee OCS                   Impact Study

                                                LOW FIND - SERVICE BASE TRANSPORTATION REQUIREMENTS

                           TRANSPORTATION Paved                       Harbor
                           Year             Roads      Railroads      Basin        Channel   Helipads     Airports

                           I - (1982)        x            x            x             x         0            x

                           2 - (1983)        x            x            x             x         x            x

                           3 - (1984)        x            x            x             x         0            x

                           4 - (1985)        x            x            x             x         x            x

                           5 - (1986)        x            x            x             x         0            x

                           6 - (1987)        x            x            x             x         x            x

                           7 - (1988)        x            x            x             x         x            x

                           x    Sufficient
                           0     Insufficient
                           NA   Non Applicable

                                                                                Port Manatee OCS Impact Study

                                                    LOW FIND - SERVICE BASE UTILITY REQUIREMENTS

                            UTILITY                                                             Solid
                            Year            Water         Sewer     Telephone    Electricity    Waste       Fire

                            1 - (1982)        x             x            x            x          x            x

                            2 - (1983)        x             x            x            x          x            x

                            3 - (1984)        x             x            x            x          x            x

                            4 - (1985)        x             x            x            x          x            x

                            5 - (1986)        x             x            x            x          x            x

                            6 - (1987)        x             x            x            x          x            x

                            7 - (1988)        x             x            x            x          x            x

                            x    Sufficient
                            0     insufficient
                            NA   Non Applicable

                                                                                 Port Manatee OCS Impact Study

                                                   LOW FIND    SERVICE BASE PORT SERVICES

                                      PORT SERVICE
                                      Year                                                    Stormwater
                                                                Maintenance     Oil Spill      Drainage
                                                      Guard         Crew        Clean-Up        System

                                      1 - (1982)        x             x            x            x

                                      2 - (1983)        x             x            x            x

                                      3 - (1984)        x             x            x            x

                                      4 - (1985)        x             x            x            x

                                      5 - (1986)        x             x            x            x

                                      6 - (1987)        x             x            x            x

                                      7 - (1988)        x             x            x            x

                                      x     Sufficient
                                      0      Insufficient
                                      NA   Non Applicable

                                                                                 Port Manatee OCS Impact Study

                  may be required to handle increased OCS activity of loading and unloading
                  during the development phase.

                  Transportation (Figure 4-16)

                       In a medium find situation, it appears that improvements will be
                  required   to   meet   increased   transportation   demands.     As    mentioned
                  previously, Berth 5 will need its basin deepened and the dock area
                  upgraded.    As the northern acres of land at the port become utilized for
                  bulk/open storage or heliport needs, paved roads will be required for
                  adequate access.     These improvements will probably be required in the
                  fourth year.   Depending on the location within the port of storage areas,
                  additional railroad spurs may be required to provide sufficient service.      By
                  the second year, tive helicopters are forecasted to be operating out of this
                  service base, which will require additional helipads. The maximum helicopter
                  traffic is projected to occur in the fifth year with 11 helicopters.
                  Construction of sufficient pads will be required to handle this increased
                  transportation demand on a yearly basis from the first through sixth years.

                  Utilities (Figure 4-17)

                       Utility companies have indicated that they will have sufficient capacity
                  to service a medium find situation.

                  Services (Figure 4-18)

                       In a medium find security services will probably need reinforcement
                  with the increase in developed areas in the second and fourth years. This
                  will also apply to the stormwater drainage system which will need redesigning
                  to handle increased runoff due to more impervious areas.

                       Because of the growth in buildings, paving and other developed areas,
                  an increase in the maintenance crew appears necessary in the second and
                  fourth years.   As boat traffic increases within the port, the oil spill clean

                                                       4-24

               up company should be kept informed.         By the fifth year when the most
               activity will be taking place, assurances from the company of their ability to
               handle this increase should be acquired, as improvement in equipment is
               likely.

               HIGH FIND SCENARIO

               Landside Space (Figure 4-19 and 4-20)

                    In a high find situation, there appears to be sufficient land to satisfy
               demands placed on the port.       By the second year, however, due to an
               increase in boat traffic, it seems probable that improvements to Berth 5 will
               be required.

               Transportation (Figure 4-21)

                    In a high find situation, definite improvements in transportation at the
               port would probably be required. Paved roads providing access to all open
               and bulk storage areas would be required as well as paved access to
               warehouses and helipads constructed in the first through third years.
               Railroad spurs may be required in the first and second years if additional
               tracts are needed for delivery or pick-up at new storage or berth areas.
               This will be determined as companies locate in specific sites within the
               property. By the second year, a total of five helicopters will be required to
               service the exploration and development phases. This number increases to a
               maximum of 22 in the fifth year requiring that during the first five years,
               adequate helipads be constructed to provide for their needs.        Airports and
               channel dimensions appear to satisfy the demands placed on them in a high
               find situation.    Berth 5 will need improvement by the second year to
               upgrade its dock area.

               Utilities (Figure 4-22)

                     From communication with local utility companies, it appears they can
               provide sufficient capacity to the port as a service base during the

                                                     4-25

                                                               MEDIUM FIND       SERVICE   BASE LAND REQUIREMENTS

                                                                                                   E@    P@      Z
                                                                                                   z                        Z Cn
                                                                      0                                  @:D     @1           C-)
                                                                      0 C;                               Ce      0 @@       U P@      w
                                                                                                         w       0 0        z -e

                                                                                E--4               Z                E-4     &-4
                                                    z                 Z  CL4    PL4      z               q       (@D        <cw
                                                    @-40       F4               0                                z  @4      0 U
                                                    1@ U       z                U                                F--4 -<    U 9
                                 LAND USE                      w      @1                                         = &-4      w
                                                       cz)            @-@                                        Cn Z       P@ 0
                                 Year                          w      P4        w                  w 0   w 0     @@ w 0     @-A P
                                                               U      P Z       z        U         P4 U  @i:U    P-4 P4 U   P4 M

                                 1 - (1982)            x       x        x       x        x         x     x        x         NA        x

                                 2 - (1983)            x       x        x       x        x         x     x        x         NA        x

                                 3 - (1984)            x       x        x       x        x         x     x        x         NA        x

                                 4 - (1985)            x       x        x       x        x         x     x        x         x         0

                                 5 - (1986)            x       x        x       x        x         x     x        x         x         x

                                 6  -  (1987)          x       x        x       x        x         x     x        x         x         x

                                 7  -  (1988)          x       x        @c      x        x         x     x        x         x         x

                                 x      Sufficient
                                 0      Insufficient
                                 NA    Non Applicable

                                                                                                   Port Manatee OCS Impact Study

                    Medium Find Scenario - Space Requirements

                                                                                      C)

                                         Piney Point

                                           .000                            -.J"-
                                           ;OV
                                           @Oqo
                                                       Port Accost PtoAd,'        - ---------               Legend
                                                                       0                 0
                                                                                                                  Property Line
                           Wh"4-.1'-'-.*- 841th I

                                                                                                                  Water
                                                E
                CL  U, pi.t.ln                      0,1:dgo                                                       Paved Roads
                E                 h
                                                     Aroe                                                  ------ Dirt Roads

                                                                                                                  Railroad

                                                                                                                  Coast Line
                   L
                             @'@w             INS
                                                                                                                  Dredge Symbol
                                                                                                           Service Base Requirements

            -n                                                                                                    53 Acres of Land
            C                                                                                                     21.000 Sq. Ft. of Warehouse
                                                                                     Not to Scale   North
                                                                                                                  600 Linear Ft. of Wharf
                                                                                                                  V

                                                                                                                  (See Figure 2-8)

                                                                                   Port Manatee OCS Impact Study

                                               MEDIUM FIND - SERVICE BASE TRANSPORTATION REQUIREMENTS

                            TRANSPORTATION Paved                        Harbor
                            Year             Roads       Railroads      Basin       Channel    Helipads     Airports

                            1 - (1982)        x             x            x            x          0            x

                            2 - (1983)        x             x            x            x          0            x

                            3 - (1984)        x             x            x            x          0            x

           00

                            4 - (1985)        0             0            0            x          0            x

                            5 - (1986)        x             x            x            x          0            x

                            6 - (1987)        x             x            x            x          x            x

                            7 - (1988)        x             x            x            x          x            x

           'n               x    Sufficient
                            0     Insufficient
                            NA   Non Applicable

                                                                                 Port Manatee OCS Impact Study

                                                   MEDIUM FIND    SERVICE BASE UTILITY REQUIREMENTS

                            UTILITY                                                             Solid
                            Year            Water         Sewer     Telephone    Electricity    Waste       Fire

                            1 - (1982)        x             x           x             x          x            x

                            2 - (1983)        x             x           x             x          x            x

                            3 - (1984)        x             x           x             x          x            x

                            4 - (1985)        x             x           x             x          x            x

                            5 - (1986)        x             x           x             x          x            x

                            6 - (1987)        x             x           x             x          x            x

                            7 - (1988)        x             x           x             x          x            x

                            x    Sufficient
                            0     Insufficient
                            NA   Non Applicable

                                                                                 Port Manatee OCS Impact Study

                                                  MEDIUM FIND     SERVICE BASE PORT SERVICES

                                        PORT SERVICE
                                        Year                                                     Stormwater
                                                                  Maintenance      Oil Spill      Drainage
                                                        Guard         Crew         Clean-Up        System

                                        I - (1982)        x             x            x             x

                                        2 - (1983)        0             0            0             0

                                        3 - (1984)        x             x            x             x

                                        4 - (1985)        0             0            x             0

                                        5 - (1986)        x             x            0             x

                                        6 - (1987)        x             x            x             x

                                        7 - (1988)        x             x            x             x

                                        x    Sufficient
                                        0     Insufficient
                                        NA   Non Applicable
            C

            00

                                                                                  Port Manatee OCS Impact Study

                                                                HIGH  FIND - SERVICE BASE LAND       REQUIREMENTS

                                                                                                                         1<'j
                                                                                                                -10
                                                                                                              00

                                                                               F-(     U
                                                                               P,                             U
                                                                               0                              @rlH       0 U
                                                              z                U       P@         H      a4   H  @e@     U 9       PL4
                                   LAND USE                   w       F4 01            w                         w       w
                                                              @i@                      r- 1            14 @D     P@ .    P@0
                                   Year                                        w                W      @-l 0'      0     H E-@
                                                                                                W.     :3:w      L16U    P@, U-)

                                   I - (1982)          x      x        x       x       x         x     x        x        x         x

                                   2 - (1983)          x      x        x       x       x         x     x        x        x         0

                                   3                   x      x        x       x       x         x     x        x        x         x

                                   4   (1985)          x      x        x       x       x         x     x        x        x         x

                                   5   (1986)          x      x        x       x       x         x     x        x        x         x

                                   6   (1.987)         x      x        x       x       x         x     x        x        x         x

                                   7   (1988)          x      x        x       x       x         x     x        x        x         x

             -n
             co
                                   x    Sufficient
                                   0     Insufficient
                                   NA  Non Applicable

                                                                                              Port Manatee OCS Impact Study

                        High Find Scenario - Space                                               Requirements

                                                       Piney Point                                                                                          X.
                                                                                                                                          <:<

                                                                                                                                                                     <

                                                                                                                                                                 >
                                                                                                                                                       %
                                                        @A

                                                                     14
                                                                                                                                                    >
                                                            V@

                                   A
                    N                                      00      00-0            1,,  4
                                               '@'A@           Q0                   4
                                                                                                                           WIN
                  NI,                                                      P@t ACCOS I rft                                - - - - - -
                                                                                                                                                             Legend

                                                                                                                             01,
                                 *rO(4:-:-:! Berth 7          A         L j                                                                                  m - aw     Property Line
                                                                      Existing".                                                                                        Water
                        Turning obn
                                                                             )                    cc                                                                    Paved Roads
                                                                        Area
                                                                                                                                                             ------     Dirt Roads

                                                                                                                                                                        Railroad
                                 L-LiJ
                       L                                                                                                                                                Coast Line
                                                               ME HE          as ME         SIM
                                                                                                                                                                        Dredge Symbol
                                                                                                                                                             Service Base Requirements

                                                                                                                                                                        228 Acres of Land

                C                                                                                                      Not to Scale I I      North                      2 1,000 Sq. Ft. of Warehouse
                                                                                                                                                                        800 Sq. Ft. of Wharf

                                                                                                                                                                        (See Figure 2-11)

                                                                                                                       Port Manatee OCS                                 Impact Study

                                            High Find   Service Base Transportation Requirements

                             TRANSPORTATION Paved                       Harbor
                             Year             Roads      Railroads      Basin        Channel   Helipads     Airports

                             1 - (1982)        0            0            x             x         0            x

                             2 - (1983)        0            0            0             x         0            x

                             3 - (1984)        0            x            x             x         0            x

                             4 - (1985)        x            x            x             x         0            x

                             5 - (1986)        x            x            x             x         0            x

                             6 - (1987)        x            x            x             x         x            x

                             7 - (1988)        x            x            x             x         x            x

                             x    Sufficient
                             0     Insufficient
                             NA   Non Applicable

                                                                                Port Manatee OCS Impact Study

                                           High Find    Service Base Utility Requirements

                             UTILITY                                                             Solid
                             Year           Water          Sewer     Telephone    Electricity    Waste       Fire

                             1 - (1982)        x             x           x             x          x            x

                             2 - (1983)        x             x           x             x          x            x

                             3 - (1984)        x             x           x             x          x            x

                             4 - (1985)        x             x           x             x          x            x

                             5 - (1986)        x             x           x             x          x            x

                             6 - (1987)        K             x           x             x          x            x

                             7 - (1988)        x             x           x             x          x            x

                             x    Sufficient
                             0     Insufficient
                             NA   Non Applicable

            IND

                                                                                  Port Manatee OCS Impact Study

                   exploration and development phases in a high find situation.       For example,
                   the water company has confirmed the ability to supply in excess of 25 times
                   the required amount of potable water required in the high find scenario.

                   Services (Figure 4-23)

                        In a high find situation, the port services will need to be upgraded to
                   a sufficient level to handle the increase in activity at the port.          Guard
                   services may need an increase in staff from the first to third years to cover
                   the added acreage of storage areas.          Maintenance crews will probably
                   increase in size in the first three years due to additionaf roads, drainage
                   system, and acres maintained by them. The stormwater drainage system will
                   need continiial expansion to collect and dispose of additional runoff water
                   produced by the increased developed and impervious areas.          The oil spill
                   cleanup company should consider increasing their ability to protect the
                   waters outside the port basin in the event of an oil spill.         Because two
                   Berths (5 and 11) are outside the basin, careful consideration will need to
                   be given to immediate containment in the event of a spill.

                                                        4-35

                                                  HIGH FIND    SERVICE BASE PORT SERVICES

                                       PORT SERVICE
                                       Year                                                    Stormwater
                                                                 Maintenance     Oil Spill      Drainage
                                                       Guard         Crew        Clean-Up         System

                                       I - (1982)        0             0           x              0

                                       2 - (1983)        0             0           x              0

                                       3 - (1984)        0             0           0              0

                                       4 - (1985)        x             x           x              0

                                       5 - (1986)        x             x           x              0

                                       6 - (1987)        x             x           x              0

                                       7 - (1988)        x             x           x              0

                                       x    Sufficient
                                       0     Insufficient
          C                            NA   Non Applicable

          NO

                                                                                Port Manatee OCS Impact Study

                                                    CHAPTER 5

                         ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE INVENTORY

                        Port Manatee is located on Tampa Bay which is a large (346 square
                  mile) estuarine water body situated midway along the west coast of Florida,
                  about 330 miles southeast of Pensacola Harbor and 220 miles north of Key
                  West  Harbor.  1  The Tampa Bay estuarine system is a relatively shallow
                  water  body having a mean water depth of 11 feet and a maximum depth of 57
                  feet (at the channel area near bay mouth) ; with most of the area under 11
                  feet. The topography of the surrounding Tampa Bay Region consists of low,
                  nearly level plains and undulating areas with intermittent sands, swamps,
                  marshes, lakes and perennial streams.       These lowlands form a broad plain
                  which slopes gently towards the Gulf of Mexico shoreline.

                        The geologic formations within the Tampa Bay Region are relatively
                  complex due to the large number of both soil series and soil types.           This
                  complexity can be attributed, in part, to the rise and fall of the seas over
                  time and the climatic conditions of the area.      Within the coastal zone, the
                  soils are primarily acidic, poorly drained sands.      Older geologic formations
                  are covered primarily by beds of sand and clay that form the parent material
                  from which these soils are derived.      In addition to the sandy soils, there
                  are a number of muck and freshwater swamp areas, coastal marsh areas, and
                  coastal beach and dune areas.         The muck and freshwater swamp areas
                  consist of intermingled soil materials and are characterized by dense
                  vegetation.   These soils often pose severe restrictions for development
                  purposes, and therefore may require filling techniques in order to make them
                  more suitable for construction.

                        The terrestrial biota found within the Tampa Bay Region includes a
                  wide  range of species.    The emergent vegetation bordering the Bay system
                  is predominately mangrove and salt marsh assemblages.             Mangroves and
                  associated species cover approximately 17,500 acres of shoreline while salt
                  marsh vegetation occupies about 1,700 acres.             Submergent vegetation
                  consists of approximately five species of seagrasses and 216 species of algae.

                                                         5-1

                The shore of the estuary consists of many small bays and inlets where much
                of this vegetation is found.

                     The climate of the Tampa Bay Region is influenced by the presence of
                estuarine waters and other large water systems such as the Gulf of Mexico
                and Tampa Bay.    The climate consists of subtropical conditions characterized
                by long, humid summers and mild, relatively dry winters.          The average
                annual rainfall for the Region is fairly high, approximately 55 inches, but it
                is unevenly distributed throughout the year.    The majority of rainfall occurs
                during the summer months, June through September.               These summer
                rainstorms are usually short and intense with more than three inches of rain
                often falling in less than two hours. The other eight months of the year are
                tairly dry with the least rainfall occurring from October through February.

                ENVIRONMENTAL INVENTORY

                     The environmental inventory prepared for this study is a summary of
                the existing recorded environmental resources at Port Manatee.        Resources
                were deemed valuable if statutory standards were established for a particular
                resource or element of the resource by regulatory agencies; or in cases
                where no statutory standard existed, value judgements were made based on
                comments and recommendations from agencies and special interest groups.
                Chapter 7 will address the extent and type of disturbance which may occur
                to these resources as a result of OCS activity demands (outlined in Chapter
                4).  Programs and strategies to minimize or eliminate these effects will be
                discussed in Chapter 9.

                AIR QUALITY

                     The air humans breathe has long been recognized as a valuable
                resource. In Florida, local, State and Federal Governments have established
                a variety of air quality standards to ensure high caliber air quality
                throughout the State.     At Port Manatee air quality studies have indicated
                that, with the exception of total suspended particulates (TSP), air quality at

                              A

                                                      5-2

                   Port Manatee is within the established local, State and Federal Standards.          6
                   Due to the types of activities associated with the operation of the port, TSP
                   values have been recorded at levels in excess of established standards.
                   These activities include bulk materials handling and manufacturing operations
                   which   both    contribute   substantial   quantities   of   particulates   to    the
                   atmosphere.     Conservation Consultants, Inc.        (CCI) performed a study
                   between 1976-1978 which investigated the TSP conditions at Port Manatee.            2
                   In this study concentrations of TSP were measured by a standard high
                   volume (Hi-Vol) samplers which were situated at various locations throughout
                   the port.    Analysis of these measurements indicated that the State air
                   quality standards were exceeded for both the annual geometric mean of all
                   measurements (60 micrograms per cubic meter) and the 24-hour maximum (150
                   micrograms  per cubic meter, a value not to be exceeded more than one time
                   in a year).

                        The CCI study drew a number of conclusions including one that
                   determined that the measurements performed at Port Manatee were not
                   considered representative of atmospheric TSP concentrations in nearby areas
                   where the general public may have access. It was indicated that employees
                   and authorized persons within the complex are the only individuals exposed
                   to the elevated particulate concentrations and their exposures are regulated
                   by less restrictive occupational standards.  4

                        Several recommendations were made in the CCI report which would
                   minimize impacts on air quality.      These included maintaining all paved and
                   unpaved roadway surfaces in an essentially dust-free condition; plant all
                   open, semi-open or sparsely vegetated areas with bahia grass to reduce soil
                   erosion and particulate resuspension and to minimize the number of people
                   accessing the port's property, and thereby reducing their exposure.       5

                                                          5-3

                WATER QUALITY

                Groundwater

                     In general, the piezometric surface in the vicinity of Port Manatee
                slopes toward Tampa Bay.       The undifferentiated surface sands and clays
                generally  contain water under water table            conditions    (non-artesian)
                throughout southwest coastal Florida, but artesian conditions may occur
                locally.6 The water in the surficial aquifer is derived from local rainfall,
                and the water table can generally be found within a few feet of the gr6und

                surface.

                     The principal artesian aquifer in Florida is the Floridan Aquifer.        The
                water of this aquifer is replenished primarily by infiltration of rainfall in the
                recharge area located to the east of Tampa, in the center of the State.          In
                addition to the Floridan Aquifer a surficial aquifer is present which is
                recharged by local rainfall and affected by tidal influences and irrigation
                runoff.7  This surficial groundwater is generally not used as a water supply
                source because of its variable quality and low yield; however, its depth
                below the ground surface affects the type and extent of local plant and
                animal life which can be supported in these areas.

                     In Florida, groundwater is recognized as a valuable resource from both
                a quality and quantity viewpoint.       Local, State and Federal governments
                have established a variety of groundwater standards.            Data on existing
                groundwater quality/ quantity at Port Manatee is extremely limited. The port
                and other industrial activities around the port are supplied by a 14-inch
                main from the Manatee County Utility System which uses the Manatee
                Reservoir as its potable water source.       Agricultural supplies of water for
                irrigation are generally provided by privately owned wells.    8  Manatee County
                is presently investigating the potential of developing a        48 MGD Floridan
                Aquifer wellfield.

                                                       5-4

                        Two auger test borings were taken in February, 1982, at Port Manatee,
                   immediately east of the turning basin.     The results of these test borings
                   indicated that the groundwater table was 2.0 to 2.5 feet below existing
                   grade.9   The observed groundwater depth is considered normal for the
                   month of February.      The water which was observed exhibited specific
                   conductivities indicative of freshwater; however, tests were not conducted to
                   determine its quality (see Figure 5-1, Soil Borings and Profiles).

                        The quality of the groundwater at the port, like other coastal areas is
                   influenced by saltwater encroachment from Tampa Bay.        Saltwater intrusion
                   into groundwater supplies has become a serious problem throughout much of
                   South Florida, where excessive use of the groundwater has resulted in the
                   reduction of freshwater quantities and subsequently permitted saltwater to
                   seep into the coastal aquifers.    The various water management districts,
                   private industry and the Florida Department of Environmental Regulation are
                   monitoring and studying this problem throughout the State, and are working
                   on identifying methods which would minimize this situation.

                   Surface Water

                        Port Manatee is located on Tampa Bay, which is t       he largest bay in
                   southwest Florida.   The Tampa Bay estuarine system is a shallow body of
                   water, approximately 35 miles long by about 10 miles wide with 346 square
                   miles of surface area. 10  The freshwater drainage basin surrounding Tampa
                   Bay covers an area of about 2,162 square miles. About one billion gallons of
                   freshwater flow into Tampa Bay daily from runoff, streams and various other
                   discharges throughout the basin.  11   Sources of water pollution in the Bay
                   stem primarily from stormwater runoff, wastewater discharges and industrial
                   operations, such as phosphate plants. 12

                        Local, State and Federal governments have established water quality
                   standards to protect and maintain high quality surface waters throughout the
                   State. The surface waters adjacent to Port Manatee have been classified, by
                   the State of Florida, as Class III waters, for recreation, propagation and

                                                        5-5

                 management of wildlife.     Class II waters, which are waters capable of
                 supporting shellfish harvesting, begin at the Manatee County/ Hillsborough
                 County line and continue north to the mouth of the Little Manatee River.
                 Figure 5-2 indicates these water classifications.    The Florida Department of
                 Environmental Regulation (DER) establishes the water quality standards for
                 waterbodies throughout the State.         Chapter 17-3, FAC, water quality
                 standards,   establishes water quality standards for various classes of
                 water. 13

                      The results of water quality studies performed in 1982 by the Florida
                 Department of Environmental Regulation (DER) are summarizecl in Appendix
                 D.   The DER selected two sampling sites in the vicinity of the port, as
                 shown in Figure 5-3. The first station, MAN 1-A was located in the port's
                 turning basin, and the second station, MAN 2-B, is located in the port's
                 channel.  Review of this data indicates that the two sampling stations at the
                 port exhibit low Dissolved Oxygen and low Biological Oxygen Demands and
                 high phosphorus levels.     Typically, these criteria do not exceed the State
                 standards.   High concentrations of metals, oils, greases and solids were
                 observed in Port Manatees turning basin, which may be the result of poor
                 circulation patterns.

                      In 1977 and 1978, the USACOE performed water quality studies on two
                 stations located at Port Manatee.       Both stations (RWA and RWB) were
                 established in the access channel.       Figure 5-4 illustrates the location of
                 these sites.  Appendix E summarizes the results of the water quality tests.
                 None of the values recorded at Stations RWA or RWB exceeded State Water
                 Quality Standards.

                      The results of water quality studies performed by the Manatee County
                 Health Department throughout Manatee County in 1981, are summarized in
                 Figure 5-5. Twenty-two water network stations were established throughout
                 the County, as shown on Figure 5-6. The station closest to Port Manatee is
                 Station Number 1      located at Piney Point.      Figure 5-7 indicates yearly
                 averages and maximum values for various parameters which were tested at

                                                        5-6

                    Soil Borings and Profiles at Port Manatee

                                                                      Not to Scale

                                                                                           E

                                                                                           C/)
                                                                                           C)
                                                                                           0

                                                                                           (D

                                                                                           4_0
                                                                                           cz

                                                                                           as

                    I111111.1-ocation of Auger Borings
                                                                                           0
                                                                                           CL

                                            2              Soil Legend
                    0

                                                                 Gray Fine Sand

                                                                 Brown Fine Sand

               (D
                                                                 Brown Silty Sand
                                                                 With Shell
               .E   5
                                                                 Gray Silty Sand
               CL -                                              With Shell & Rock
               (D
                               H

                                                                 Brown Sandy Clay

                                                                 Ground Water Level
                 - 10                                            on 2/17/82
                                                                         27

               Source: Ardaman & Associates, Inc. Soil Borings Profiles
                         for Manatee County, Florida 1982
                                                5-7                      - Figure 5-1 __j

                                         Water Classifications

                                                                                                                      CL
                                                           Little Manatee River

                                 Port          Iney Point                             Hillsborough County
                                 Manate
                                                                                           Manatee    County         0

                       TaMPa Be

                                           erra
                   Manatee                 Ceia
                      River               Be                                                                          C

                OR              a
                                Sola                            LaK
                                           Braden             M natee
                                           liver
                  0
                                                                                                                      0

                                               wa
                     0                         Wa
                                                   k

                                                              Sarasota County

                        Legend

                        Water Classifications

                                Class I-A
                                CJ a s s I I                                       L
                                Class I I I                             North      Not to Scale

                        Source:
                        Manatee County Water Quality Program,
                        Yearly Report 1981

                                                             5-8                                Figure 5-2

                  Location of 1982 DER Water Quality Stations                                         CO

                                                                                                      CIL
                                                                                                      E

                                                                                                      CO
                                                                                                      C)
                                                                                                      0

                                                                                                      CU

                                                N                                                     cz

                  0
                                           ,Spell Area\
                       Spoil                                                                          4-0
                                                                                                      0

                                                                              Piney Point
                                   \Poll                  MAN
                                       Area-'\
                                      NI                  2B
                                                                      MAN
                                                                      1 A

                  Legend                             Spoil                  Port Manatee

                       Water Quality Stations
                       Channel
                 ----Submergent Spoil Areas
                       Emergent Spoil Areas

                       Coast Line

                                                                    Redfish Creek

                    Not to Scale

                    Source:
                    NOAA Chart No. 11414 Tampa Bay, Southern Port,
                           Ix

                    25th Edition, Dated 3-29-80

                                                      5-9                           Figure 5-3

                                        Location of U.S.A.C.O.E.                                                                                                                                                     CO
                                        Water Quality Monitoring Stations

                                                                                                                                                                                                                     CI
                                                                                                                                                                                                                     E

                                                                                                                                                                                                                     cr)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                     0
                                                                                                                                                                                                                     0

                                                     WA
                                                                        Spoil
                                                                                                                                                                                                                     ca
                                                                                                                                                                                                                     C
                                                                                                         N                                                                                                           Cz
                                                                                         @','Spell ArONS%\
                                     C3            Spoil    N                                                       N
                                                                                                     N  1%
                                                                                                     1%   1% *111%                                                                                                   L0L
                                                                    4,                  N                                                                               Piney Point
                                                                       N,Spoil Ared',N
                                                                            \  1@1 %,           I., N)
                                                                                        \@'  IV  /                          1%           WB

                                       Legend                                                                     Spoil                                            Port Manatee

                                             RWA             Water Column Sample
                                             RWB)
                                             Between Boys 7 & 8                               Elutriate Sample
                                             Between Boys 9 & 10)
                                                 Channel                                                                                          Redfish Creek
                                                 Submergent Spoil Areas
                                                 Emergent Spoil Areas
                                                 Coast Line                                                                                                                   Not to Scale

                                          Source:
                                          NOA        A Chart No. 11414 Tampa Bay, Southern Port,
                                             4w,          "N'

                                          25th Edition, Dated 3-29-80

                                                                                                           5-10                                                              Figure 5-4 --J

                                                   MM M MM w= MMIMM

                                               Manatee County Health Department Water Quality Study Results
                                                                                        YEARLY AVERAGE/f1kXP1UM VALUE
                                                                                                      1981

                                                                                       HARDNESS          NITRATE             CHLORIDE            FLUORIDE      ORT110-PHOSPILATE
                                           STATION        D.O.          B.O.D.5          mg/1              Mg/1                 Mg/1              Mg/1               mg/1
                                           NIRIBER        mg/1          mg/1            CaC03             N03'N                cl-                 F-                P04-P

                                            WN-1        5.4/7.9         2.1/4.9       S663/6300         0.02/0.04          17453/19494         1.02/1.13           0.40/0.87
                                            WN-2        6.4/9!6         3.8/6.4       S6,42/6450        0.04/0.25          16786/18744         1.10/1.30           0.42/1.23

                                           *WN-4        6.0/7,6         1.0/1.9       5863/6500         0.03/0.04          18119/19744         0.97/1.00           0.16/0.23

                                            WN-S        6.6/8.7         2.7/4.3       @SS08/6800        0.02/0.03          16433/19244         0.99/1.09           0.38/0.69

                                           *VfN-6       6.0/7.7         1.9/2,4       4663/6400         0.03/0.06          14308/19244         0.85/1.00           0.31/0.S8

                                            WN-7        7.1/9.3         1.9/2.7       5529/6350         0.02/0.03          16703/19494         0.9s/l.os           0.24/0.46

                                            WN-9        4.9/7.2         1.9/S.4       4902/6600         0.04/0.07          14214/19244         0.89/1.05           0.32/0.67

                                           *WN-10       4.2/6.6         2.0/2.3       3-113/S300        0,07/0.10          IOSS9/1624S         0.72/0.94           0.46/0.78

                                                                                                                                                       .07         0.14/0.24
                                            WN-11       S.7/9.1         2.3/3.6       6192/7400         0.06/0.26          18S7s/20744         0,9,t/i ,
                                           *KN-12       7.3/8.4         2.S/3.4       S92S/6700         0.02/0.03          17932/19744         0.90/0.9@           0.08/0.10

                                           *WN-13       6.5/7.6         1.6/2.6       6263/7100         0.03/0.04          19182/20494         0,90/0.9s           0.08/0.11

                                           *KN-14       S.O/  5.4       3.2/4.9       2300/4SOO         0.28/0.63            6389/14246        O.S8/0.78           0.25/0.3S

                                           *WN-15       6.0/7.2         1.4/1.6        104/154          0.19/0.28             24/36            0.34/0.48           0.44/0.29

                                           *KNnl7       S.3/6.9         1.3711.4       110/186          0.10/0.13             20/25            0.2S/0.31           0.33/0,S3

                                            KN-19       6.9/10.2        1.312.1        110/218          0.47/0.93             22/39            0.3S/0.46           0.37/0.68

                -n                          KN-20       3.3/7.2         1.7/3.7        231/490          0.10/0.34             68/265           0.25/0,37           0.17/0.40
                c                           WN-21       4.6/6.5      125.0/880,0      4174/56SO         0,38/1.42          12007/15995         0.73/0,99           0,24/0.52

                                            WN-22                       2.6/7.2        331/420          0.29/0,46             49/7S            0,52/0.64           0,22/0,39

                                           *Quarterly Samples        CRemainder  tionthlyl

                                                                                                                        Port Manatee OCS Impact Study

                                                                                                                                                  c/)

                                                                                                                                                  cz
                                                                                                                                                  cl

                       Manatee County Health Department Water Quality Study Results
                                                                      YEARLY AVERAGES
                                                                              1991
                                                                                                                                                  0
                                         FIELD
                           STATION    TEMPERATURE     COLOR          P11     SALINITY       TURBIDITY             CCINDUCTIVITY
                           NUMBER          0C           PCU      FIELD           ppt            NIM             micromhos/cm.

                            WN-1           20            12        8.2           32.1            3.2                 40250                        cu
                                                                                                                                                  c
                            W N-2          24            18    1   8.3           31.8            5.2                 39042                        (z
                           *hN,-4          25            10        8.2           33.5            2.2                 417,25                       2
                                                                                                                                                  4-0
                            WN-5           24            17        8.2           30.2            5.3                 36242                        16-
                                                                                                                                                  0
                           *WN-6           2S            26        8.0           2S.8            3.0                 33625

                            hN-7           24            18        8.3           30.7            3.1                 38542

                            WN-9           24            3S        7.8           27.1            3.7                 33742

                           *WN-10          25            76        7.7           19.4            4.1                 26025

                            WN-11          24            17        8.2           33.2            3.2                 42092

                           *I(N- 12        26            13        8.4           33.3            4.4                 41S25

                           *WN-13          2S            12        8.3           33.9            3.8                 4312S

                           *hN-14          24            57        7.8           13.0            7.3                 14675

                           *WN-IS          24            98        7.3             0             2.3                   290

                           *VN-17          23           130        7.2           1.1             1.4                   368

                            %N-19          22            9S        7.6           1.2             1.9                   370

                            W4-20          24            83        7.4           1.2             2.9                   694

                            WN-21          24            43        8.5           23.S    1       22.2                29038           1
                            W4-22          23            43        7.7           2.3             7.1                   792

                           *Quarterly Samples (Remainder Monthly)

                                                                            5-12                                       Figure 5-5 __j

                       Water Network Stations in Manatee County                                               CO

                                                                                                               CO
                                                                                                               OL
                                                                                                               E

                               Port                                            Hillsborough County            a)
                               Manate.v,                                                                      10
                                                                                    Manatee County
                                                                                                              0

                    Tampa Bay                                                                                  0
                                                                                                              4-a
                  Manatee                                                                                      (TJ
                     River                                                                                     C

                                                                              SR 64

                 0.
                                   CO                    70
                    41--           n     r
                     0+                              Braden River

                                                                 ta County

                       Legend

                           Water Network Stations
                                                                    4 @       L
                                                                    North     Not to Scale

                       Source:

                       Manatee County Water Quality Program
                       Yearly Report 1981

                                                         5-13                             Figure 5-6 ---- a

                                                                                                                   C/)

                                   Water Quality Values                                                            Cd
                                   Station No. 1 - Piney Point                                                     CL
                                                                                                                   E

                                                                                                                   CD
                                   Water Network Physical Tests
                                   Yearly Averages 1981                                                            0
                                                                                                                   a)
                                                                                                                   (D
                                   Station Number                                    WN- 1                         4-1
                                                                                                                   CU
                                   Field Temperature OC                                   20                       C
                                                                                                                   as

                                   Color PCU                                              12

                                   pH Field                                              8.2
                                                                                                                   0

                                   Salinity  ppt                                        32.1

                                   Turbidity NTU                                         3.2

                                   Conductivity micromhos/cm.                         40250

                                   Water Network Chemical Analyses
                                   Yearly/Maximum Value 1981

                                   D.O. mg/ 1                                        5.4/7.9

                                   B.O.D-5 mg/1                                      2.1/4.9

                                   Hardness mg11 CaC03                           5663/6300

                                   Nitrate mg/1 N03-N                             0.02/0.04

                                   Chloride mg/1 Ci-                          17453/19494

                                   Fluoride mg/1 F-                               1.02/1.13

                                   Source:
                                   Manatee County Water Quality Program, Yearly Report. 1981

                                                            5-14                               Figure 5-7

                 Station 1.   None of the values recorded at Station No. 1 exceeded State
                 water quality standards. Station No. 1 lies directly adjacent to the northern
                 boundary of Port Manatee.      Because of their close proximity, sample results
                 from Station No. 1 should be representative of water quality conditions in
                 the nearshore areas immediately adjacent to the port, with the possible
                 exception of the deeper channel and berthing areas.

                      In summary, the surface waters at Port Manatee are designated as' Class
                 III waters by the State of Florida.     Water quality tests made in the waters
                 adjacent to the port indicate the surface waters are generally within the
                 standards established for Class III waters.

                 NOISE

                      On-site noise monitoring at Port Manatee has not been conducted,
                 although levels are expected to be moderate due to the high degree of noise
                 generating activity which normally takes place at the port.          The largest
                 sources of noise are the loading and unloading operations, construction
                 activities associated with expansion or reconstruction of port facilities,
                 vehicles, and machinery.      The Federal government has developed acoustic
                 noise guidelines, which vary according to the agency administering them.
                 Manatee County has also promulgated a noise ordinance (Number 79-5) which
                 establishes standards for vehicles, and is presently in the process of
                 developing ambient noise standards.   14

                 PLANT POPULATIONS AND HABITATS

                      The following vegetation associations were identified at Port Manatee in
                 a study performed in October, 1980, by Conservation Consultants, Inc.

                      Agricultural Land
                      Ruderal Vegetation

                      Mixed Forest
                      Freshwater Swamp

                                                       5-15

                     Mangrove Swamp

                     Salt Flats

                     Seagrass Beds

                     The location of the vegetation associations is shown on Figure 5-8. 15   A
               description of each vegetation association is contained below.

               Agricultural Land

                     Agricultural land is land undergoing cultivation.         Several areas,
               primarily to the east of the port, are presently being cultivated.   The crops
               include citrus groves and various row crops (i.e., tomatoes, strawberries).
               Agricultural land was identified in the Manatee County Comprehensive Plan
               as a protected area, and is therefore considered a valuable resource.          16
               However, the agricultural lands at the port are a temporary land use,
               conducted under short term lease agreements with the port.        As such, the
               agricultural lands at the port will not be classified as a valuable resource by
               this study.

               Ruderal Vegetation

                     Ruderal vegetation associations consist of weedy plants which overtake
               indigenous vegetation in disturbed areas.     In the vicinity of Port Manatee,
               ruderal vegetation was found bordering the agricultural fields, on old dredge
               spoil disposal areas, and on other vacant port land. The dominant plant in
               these areas was typically Brazilian pepper (Schinus terebinthefolius) .    Other
               abundant species included Australian pine (Casuarina spp.), wax myrtle
               (Myrica cerifera), saltbush (Baccharis halimifolia), and lantana (Lantana
               camara) .

                     The offshore disposal island is an area of about 60 acres with a
               vegetation cover predominantly of broomsedge, sea myrtle, dropseed, dog
               fennel and camphorweed.       Scattered Australian pine trees in excess of
               20   feet tall are also present.       Red mangrove seedlings have been

                                                    5-16

                                Vegetation Associations and Land Use for
                                Port Manatee and Tampa Bay, Florida

                                                                                                                                                                                        MINNJ

                                                                                                                                                                                         C1
                                                                                            0

                                                                                                                                                                                       C/)

                                                                                                                         - ---------
                                                                                                                          .. ..... ..
                                                                                                              .. . .....
                                                                                                              fg-

                                                                                                                                          A

                                                                                                                                                                                        4-0
                                                                                                                                                                                        CU
                                                                                                                                                                 it!   4V

                                                                                                                                                                       44  4
                                                                      44.                                                                                              .A   I
                                                                                                                                                       VA.       A     . P
                                                                                                                                                                 V

                                                                                                                                                        V -4
                                                                                                                                                                a,     "4
                                                                                                                                                    A      4 '1
                                                                                 PORT BASIN                                                                                             )MINE

                             Wp.                                                                                                                    A
                                  Vr

                                                                                                                                                                       A qA.
                                                                                                                                                                        A

                                                                                                                                                                       4A
                                                                                                                                         A
                                                                                                                                                                       4
                                                                                                                                                       4
                                                                                                                                                       IN
                                                                                                                                                    A
                                                                      71.

                                                                                                                                                       44,
                                                                                                                                                            V
                                                                                                                                           :nl
                                                                                                                                                            '*A
                                                                                                                                                         4
                                                                                                                                                    %     4 Pk

                                                                                                                         LOCATION MAP

                                                                                                                           SCALE IN MILES

                      LEGEND:

                               DEVELOPED PORT AREA                         RUDERAL                           SALT FLAT
                               WATER                                       MANGROVE SWAMP                    Thalassia SEAGRASS BEDS
                               ROADS                                       AGRICULTURAL              MI      Halodule SEAGRASS BEDS
                               FRESHWATER SWAMP                            MIXED FOREST
                                                                                                 Source:           Conservation Consultants, Inc.

                                                                                             5-17                                                     Figure 5-8

                   observed washed ashore but, because of heavy wave action, none are known

                   to have rooted.

                        Ruderal land is not considered environmentally valuable because it is
                   indicative of an area(s) in a disturbed state where the natural plant
                   communities have been displaced.

                        Mixed Forest - This community represents the remnants of the native
                   pine flatwoods and was found on a few undisturbed areas adjacent to the
                   port.   The mixed forest contained slash pine (Pinus olliottii) and saw
                   palmetto (Serenoa repens), species typical of flatwoods.           The areas adjacent
                   to the port appear to have been protected from fires for many years.                 Fire
                   is an important element in maintaining flatwoods associations.                   In the
                   absence of fire the mixed forests are usually invaded by various hardwoods.
                   The mixed forests near the port have been invaded by live oaks (Quercus
                   virginiana) .   Many areas also exhibited dense growths of muscadine grapes
                   (Vitis rotundifolia) draping the trees.        Mixed forests often provide habitats
                   for a number of animal species, and therefore are sometimes deemed
                   valuable.    The Federal and Florida governments have designated certain
                   forested areas as "wilderness areas" and limit the type of activity permitted
                   within these areas.      There are no wilderness areas on or near the port's
                   property, although there is one wilderness area designated in Manatee
                   County known as the Town Islands State Wilderness Area.                    Due to the
                   relatively small forested area, its proximity to the developed port area, and
                   the lack of any zoning ordinances which restrict the use of forested areas
                   for development, this area is not considered valuable for the purpose of this
                   study.

                        Freshwater Swamp - Ono small area of freshwater swamp was found on
                   property adjacent to the, southern boundary of Port Manatee.                     It was
                   dominated by willow (Salix caroliniana).          Freshwater swamps often provide
                   habitats for a number of animals which depend on organisms which live in
                   these environments.       The Florida Department of Environmental Regulation
                   and the USACOE have identified these types of areas as transitional or

                                                            5-18

                wetland areas and subsequently require permits prior to allowing any activity
                to occur which may affect the resource.      However, because of the isolated
                nature of this swamp and its small size, it is not subject to regulation by
                these agencies.    In recognition of its size, isolation and proximity to
                developed port areas, it is not considered an environmentally valuable

                resource.

                     Mangrove Swamp - This association was found in a narrow band along
                the port's natural shoreline and along the banks of several drainage ditches
                within the port.    The most abundant mangrove was the black mangrove
                (Avicennia germinans), followed by the white mangrove (Laguncularia
                racemosa), red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle), and buttonwood (Conocarpus
                erectus).    Mangrove    swamps    are   considered   environmentally    valuable
                resources because they contribute to the stabilization of shorelines and their
                falling leaves form detritus which contributes to the major estuarine food

                chains.

                     Salt Flats - These areas were found to the south of the port's
                property.   Salt flats are frequently inundated by storm tides and often are
                devoid of vegetation.     Where vegetation is present, it is typically low,
                herbaceous species such as sea purslane (Sesuvium portulacastrum), saltwort
                (Baltis maritima), and glasswort (Salicornia sp.).   Since these areas are part
                of the transition zone from marine to upland vegetation and serve as a
                feeding area for a number of vertebrates, they are usually considered
                environmentally valuable resources.

                     Seagrasses - Seagrass beds were found in the shallow water areas just
                offshore of the port, above the minus five (-5) foot contour line and where
                there is enough depth of water to afford protection from waves and scour.
                Two different types of seagrass beds were found and are differentiated on
                the map in Figure 5-8.        Turtle grass (Thalassia testudinum) was the
                dominant grass in the beds furthest from shore. These were generally much
                smaller beds than those found further inshore.       The larger, inshore beds
                were dominated by Cuban Shoalweed (Halodule wrightii). Close to the shore

                                                      5-19

                 in areas receiving freshwater runoff, widgeon grass (Ruppia maritima)
                 comprised approximately five percent of the grasses present.

                      Associated with the seagrass beds is the green alga,              (Caulerpa
                 prolifera) and associated algae including Ulva lactua, Hyprea musciformes,
                 Gracilaria verrulosa and the epiphyte, Champia parvula.

                      Seagrass beds are considered valuable resources because they provide
                 shelter for juvenile fishes and invertebrates of commercial and sport value.
                 In addition, they provide deteritus which is important in estuarine food
                 chains and provide attachment surfaces for the production of a variety of
                 forage animals.

                 RARE, THREATENED AND ENDANGERED PLANTS

                      In the final environmental impact statement for Manatee Harbor, Florida,
                 the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers reported that there was no plant species
                 classified as endangered or threatened by the U.S. Department of Interior or
                 the State of Florida present within the project area.  17  For the purposes of
                 the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers study, the project included Port
                 Manatee's uplands as well as the access channel, berthing areas, spoil island
                 and adjacent nearshore areas.

                 ANIMAL POPULATIONS AND HABITATS

                 Terrestrial

                      Birds are the most visible of the terrestrial wildlife forms found at Port
                 Manatee.   The mangrove and salt barrens are the most important bird
                 habitats, and have, individually, been designated as valuable resources in a
                 prior section of this study.      These areas are typically frequented by
                 ospreys (Pandion haliaetus), marsh hawks (Circus cyanerus), brown pelicans
                 and occasionally bald eagles.   Mangroves also provide nesting habitats for
                 black-whiskered vireos     (Vireo altiloquus), prairie warblers (Dendroica

                                                      5-20

               discolor), and possibly mangrove cuckoos (Coccyzus minor).18          A large
               number of flooded ponds within mangrove areas provide important habitats
               for several heron species and many other species of waterfowl.       When the
               shallow, temporary ponds in the salt barrens are flooded and the barren
               sand is saturated, birds frequently move there from the ponds within the
               mangroves and are joined by a large number of shorebirds, including
               semipalmated sandpipers     (Ereuentes pusillus), least sandpipers       (Erolia
               minutilla) and several other species. 19 Upland, drier habitats also support
               large assemblages of bird species preferring wooded and shrubby habitats
               which are common through the areas.

                    The offshore spoil island attracts large numbers of laughing gulls and
               black skimmers.   Studies sponsored by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
               Waterways Experiment Station recorded 7,800 laughing gulls nesting on the
               central, 12.5 acres of the island in 1977.     The nesting area is primarily
               rocky soil in character. Black skimmers, numbering 230 to 250 adults, were
               nested on the spoil island's southeastern and southwestern shore on high,
               sandy areas.     Because the spoil island functions so eftectively       as a
               habitat/nesting site for the specialized requirements of the laughing gulls
               and black skimmers, this study will consider the spoil island and bird
               populations to be valuable resources.

                    Mammal species common to the habitats noted above are generally wide
               ranging and not unique.    These include raccoons (Procyon lotor) which are
               known to inhabit almost all vegetation types.     Other species which inhabit
               this area include the armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus), hispid cotton rat
               (Sigmodon hispidus), eastern cottontail rabbit (Sylvilagus floridanus), old-
               field mouse (Peromyscus polionotus) and opossum (Didelphis virginliana).   20

                    Reptiles and amphibians are generally not very common in this area
               because the saline waters and the salt laden soils are unsuitable for most
               species.   However, the diamond-back terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin), a
               species of sea turtle, is known to nest along the Beacon Key beach, north of
               the port.    It is thought that sea turtles may use this beach as well.
               Various types of frogs, snakes, tortoises and toads are also indigenous to

               this area.

                                                    5-21

                      A wildlife survey has not recently been conducted on the port's
                  property.  The above information on the terrestrial and aquatic animals was
                  taken from other studies and environmental intormation.

                  Aquatic

                      In 1976 Conservation Consultants, Inc. sampled and assessed the
                  aquatic animal populations and habitats at a site approximately one mile north
                  of the port.    The stations sampled during these studies consisted of a
                  nearshore, sandy bottom station with some seagrasses present, a deep water
                  channel station with a mud substrate and a deep water offshore station with
                  a sand substrate. 21  These stations correlate to habitat types found at Port
                  Manatee.

                      Phytoplankton samples indicated low phytoplankton concentrations at all
                  stations, with the maximum numbers reported at the offshore station. Almost
                  two-thirds of the offshore total was contributed by the dinoflagellate
                  (Gonyaulox polygramma), which reaches bloom concentrations in Hillsborough
                  Bay during March.      Algae populations at the other stations were much
                  smaller, reflecting lower concentrations of Gonyaulox polygra.mma. 22

                      Sampling of meroplankton was taken at all the stations.      The numbers
                  of immature invertebrates collected were quite variable, but the largest
                  concentrations  were   absent   at  the   of f shore stations.  Most   of    the
                  meroplankton collected at these stations consisted of varying concentrations
                  of clams (Anadara transversa) and (Grassastra virginica), unidentified snails
                  (Gastropoda; Mollusca) and shrimp (Polyonyx).   23  Numbers were much lower
                  at the nearshore station where the concentrations were dominated by
                  unidentified gastropods and other organisms similar to those found at the
                  offshore station except in reduced numbers.

                      Benthic invertebrates were found at all the stations, with concentrations
                  highest at the offshore station, and lowest at the deep water channel.      The
                  inshore station also had high concentrations of organisms.   24  The dominant

                                                      5-22

                benthic organisms also differed between stations. Cumacid shrimp (Cumacea)
                dominated the collection in the less densely populated channel station while
                Ostracods dominated the nearshore station and the offshore station was
                characterized by a balanced benthic           community. 25    There was      also
                considerable difference between the nearshore and offshore stations.          Only
                about 20% of the total taxa occurred in both stations.            Although both
                stations seem to have similar sediments, the presence of shallower water and
                even a small amount of vegetation at the nearshore station affect the types
                of benthic invertebrates inhabiting the area.

                     Studies performed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers report that
                the silt in the bottom of the entrance channel is inhabited by about 3,000
                organisms   per    square   meter,   predominantly    microcrustaceans     (Order
                Cumacea), but also by polychaite worms and bivalve molluscs.           The sand
                habitat found in the bay bottom area offshore of the -5 foot contour hosts
                9,000 to 10,000 informal organisms per square meter.        Microcrustaceans are
                predominant, among which Ostracods are most numerous and more species of
                Crustacea, Annelida and Mollusca are represented than in the deep channel

                zone.

                     The ichthyoplankton samples which were collected indicated that the bay
                anchovy (Anchoa mitchilli) was the most abundant larval fish collected, and
                it was especially abundant at the nearshore and offshore stations.         At the
                remaining channel station, the Spanish sardine (Sardinella anchovia) was the
                most abundant.  26

                     Macroinverteb rates and fish samples were taken at all three stations.
                The catches were very different at all three of the stations sampled.         The
                most fish were captured in the vicinity of the sandy beach, and the most
                abundant were the striped mullet (Mugil cephalus) and tidewater silverside
                (Menidia beryllina).   Concentrations were much less at the other stations.
                The samples with the lowest concentrations were taken from the station
                located in the channel. 27

                                                      5-23

                        The largest and most valuable concentrations of aquatic animal life are
                  present in Port Manatee's nearshore, shallow areas and offshore, deep water
                  areas.   The channel and berthing areas have been disturbed enough to
                  reduce the number and diversity of species present. The nearshore, shallow
                  areas have the highest diversity of aquatic organisms because of the
                  presence of seagrasses which provide food and protection to a variety of
                  aquatic species.

                  RARE, THREATENED AND ENDANGERED ANIMALS

                        No rare or endangered animal species have been identified or observed
                  at Port Manatee.      It is generally agreed however, that three threatened
                  species may be present on or in the vicinity of Port Manatee.        These are the
                  West Indian Manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris), the Eastern Brown
                  Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis carolinesis) and the Green Turtle (Chelonia
                  mydas). 28   For the purpose of this study, these species and their respective
                  habitats will be considered valuable resources.

                        The manatee is a massive, fusiform, thick skinned, nearly hairless
                  aquatic mammal. The forelimbs are paddlelike, and the hind limbs lacking,
                  and the tail horizontally flattened.    The average weight is between 790 and
                  1, 190 pounds.   The average length is 9.5 feet.    29   The diet of the manatees
                  is strictly herbivorous but highly diverse, ranging from algae to terrestrial
                  plants.   Submerged vascular vegetation such as seagrasses are preferred.
                  Manatees generally inhabit sluggish rivers, shallow estuarines and saltwater
                  bays.   Four factors seem to affect the choice of habitat.

                        They are:

                              1)  Availability of vascular aquatic vegetation,

                              2)  Proximity to channels of at least two meters in depth,

                              3)  Recourse to warm water during winter cold snaps; and

                                                         5-24

                          4)   A source of freshwater. 30

                    In April, 1982 the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service published Aerial
               Surveys for Manatees and Dolphins in Western Peninsular Florida which
               documents the findings of a 1979 study on the distribution and abundance of
               these two species.    Figure 5-9 summarizes the number of manatees which
               were spotted during these surveys for all the *counties in the study area.
               Thirteen manatees were observed in Manatee County.    31

                    No known observations of manatees have been made at Port Manatee;
               however, aquatic habitats to the north and south of the port boundaries
               could provide the manatee with the type of food sources on which they
               depend.    The map in Figure 5-10 indicates the location of the observed
               manatees. As noted in this figure, the majority of manatees observed in the
               Tampa Bay area were located in River Systems.

                    The eastern brown pelican is a year-round resident of the Florida
               coast. This bird is characterized by a long bill and dangling gular pouch.
               The sexes are similar in plumage, but males are slightly larger than females.
               Adults have 'a black belly and gray wings and back.        The head and neck
               undergo complicated plumage changes on an annual cycle.    32

                    In Florida, brown pelicans nest primarily in mangrove trees located from
               2 to 35 feet above high tide line.     Nesting is confined to coastal islands,
               sometimes near human habitation.        Feeding occurs primarily in shallow
               estuarine waters, but birds have been seen as far as 20 - 40 miles offshore.
               Sand spits and offshore sand bars are used extensively as daily loafing and
               nocturnal roost areas. 33  Pelicans also frequent fish piers and fishing areas,
               where they dive for scraps.

                    No brown pelican nesting sites have been observed at Port Manatee;
               however, pelicans have been sited in the vicinity of the port.      Due to the
               type of vegetation found in and around the port, pelicans could be likely to
               inhabit this area, because of the available sources of tood and shelter.

                                                    5-25

                                                                                                                         C/)

                              Summary of Manatee Observations                                                            CIO
                                                                                                                         cl
                              Numbers of Manatees Observed, by County, During                                            E
                              Aerial Surveys in Western Peninsular Florida from
                              July to December 1979

                                                                                                                         0
                                      Cog !tj                           Manatees

                                                            July   Sept.     Oct.    Nov.     Dec.

                                                                                                                         C:
                                        Charlotte               4       5        6      0         1*                     CIO
                                        Collibr                     9+2C    63+1C       49        x                      2

                                        De Soto                 0       0        o      o         x
                                                                                                                         0
                                        Glades                  0       0        0      1         x

                                        Hendry                          0        0      2+2C      x

                                        Hernando                0       0        o      o         o

                                        Hillsborough                    3        0      0    47+3C

                                        Lee                     15  17+1C        7   26+1C        12*

                                        manatee                 6       0        3      4         0

                                        Monroe              9+1C        10       20  48+3C        28*

                                        Pasco-                  0       0        0      0

                                        Pinellas                        0        o      o         7

                                        Sarasota                2       6        11     14+1C     6

                                        Total               93+1C   90+3C   110+1C   144+7C  102+3C

                               Source:
                               U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Fish
                               and Wildlife, Service, Aerial Surveys for Manatees
                               & Dolphins in Western Peninsular Florida

                               Legend
                               C Plus Calves              Incomplete Survey        X Not Surveyed
                                                           #15                       2  "+1C
                               F@a r                            6                       4
                                        Mor                 q+JC                     48+ 3C

                                                                5-26                          -Figure 5-9

                       Location and Numbers of Manatees Sighted
                       During 1979 Aerial Surveys in Manatee County and Surrounding Areas
                                                                           1 1 6 1            Little Manatee R   iver
                                                                                     3
                                                                                          Hillsborough,-County
                                         Tampa Bay              Port Manatee                  atee    ounty

                                                                    5
                       Legend                                                   Manatee River

                          July Sightings                  4

                          September Sightings

                          October Sightings
                       ANovember Sightings                              Sarasota County
                       101 December Sightings

                          Port Manatee

                                                                      2

            ,n         Source:                                 6
            to
            C
            0          U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Fish & Wildlife
                       Service, Aerial Surveys for Manatees and Dolphins
                       in Western Peninsular Florida

                                                                               Port Manatee OCS Impact Study

                      The green turtle also has been known to inhabit the Tampa Bay,
                  however they are not generally known to be located in the vicinity of the
                  port ,

                  AREAS OF LAND AND WATER LARGELY IN A NATURAL STATE,
                  OR WHERE VALUES ARE DERIVED LARGELY FROM
                  ECOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS

                      The majority of the land and water areas within Port Manatee's
                  immediate boundaries have been disturbed to the point where they no longer
                  exist in their natural state.   Correspondingly, most ecological values have
                  been reduced, so that they play a secondary role.         The Manatee County
                  Comprehensive Plan as amended in October, 1981, identifies the area in and
                  around Port Manatee as planned for continued industrial development.           34
                  This type of planned development is not consistent with preserving areas for
                  ecological considerations.

                      There are, however, some areas immediately west and northwest of the
                  port's property boundaries which may be considered valuable, due to the
                  types of habitats present in these areas and the plant and animal species
                  which may inhabit these areas.    Figure 5-11 shows the areas which are still
                  in a somewhat natural state, and primarily inhabited by water-dependent
                  plant species, such as seagrasses and mangroves. These plant species often
                  serve as shelter, nesting grounds and food sources for those species which
                  inhabit them. These areas will be considered as valuable resources.

                      The spoil island, located to the west of the port, is considered a
                  valuable resource primarily because it functions  as a habitat/nesting site for
                  the specialized requirements of large numbers     of laughing gulls and black
                  skimmers. The spoil island is isolated from the   mainland. Most of the plant
                  species populating the spoil island are classified as ruderal vegetation.

                      Other areas in the Tampa Bay vicinity have been designated as valuable
                  environmental resources by local, State and Federal action.      Cockroach Bay
                  in Hillsborough County, approximately half a mile northeast of Port Manatee,

                                                       5-28

                has been designated as an aquatic preserve by the State of Florida.
                The Little Manatee River has been designated by the State of Florida as an
                outstanding Florida water.    Passage Key, located adjacent to the southwest
                entrance channel into Tampa Bay is a national park.                 The Federal
                Government has designated three refuges at the entrance to Tampa Bay as
                part of the National Wildlife Refuge System.           Both Cockroach Bay in
                Hillsborough County and Bishop Harbor in Manatee County, approximately
                two miles south of the port, are considered critical habitats because the West
                Indian Manatee inhabits these areas.       Figure 5-12 depicts the location of
                these areas.

                AREAS DESIGNATED IN THE COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT PLAN AS
                AREAS OF PARTICULAR CONCERN FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PURPOSES

                     In 19712 the Congress passed the Coastal Zone Management Act,
                (CZMA). CZMA was amended in 1976 and again in 1980.             The Act and its
                amendments affirm a national interest in the effective protection and careful
                development of the coastal zone, by providing assistance and encouragement
                to coastal states to develop and implement management programs for their
                coastal areas.  In August, 1981, the U.S. Department of Commerce and the
                Florida Office of Coastal Management published the Final Environmental
                Impact Statement (FEIS) entitled the Florida Coastal Management Program.
                The FEIS recommends that the entire State of Florida be included within the
                coastal zone (except for lands owned, leased, held in trust or whose use is
                otherwise by law subject solely to the discretion of the Federal government,
                its officers or agents). 35

                     The Florida Coastal   Management Program (FCMP) is based on existing
                statutes and regulations, which forms the basic network of the program.
                The FCMP is implemented primarily through state agencies.               36     The
                Department of Environmental Regulation acts as the lead agency, responsible
                for coordinating and implementing the statues under the FCMP.

                                                      5-29

                           Areas in Natural State
                                                                                                                   C/)

                                                                                                                    CO
                                                                       _@,-_Piney Point
                                                                                                                    E

                                                                                                                   U)

                                     194 VIO                 00 40

                                                                                                                    C:
                                                                   Port   Manatee

                                                              Port Basin
                                          V7

                                                                                                                   a.

                                              -4.

                   Source: Conservation Consultants, Inc.

                   Legend

                            Spoil Island

                            Grassy Shoals

                            Mangrove Swamp

                            Port Manatee Property Line

                                                            5-30                              Figure 5-11 --j

                                                                               >1

               Areas Designated as Valuable                                    C0
               Environmental Resources
                                                                               co
                                                                               OL
                                                                               E

                                                                               0
                                               Tampa                           (1)
                                                                               Q)
                                                                               4-0
                                                                               CU
                                                                               C:
                                                                               CU
                                                                               2

                                                                               4-d
                                 St. Petersburg                                16-
                                                                               0

                                                      ne
                                          c  kroach ay
                      Egmont Key   Pinellas Port Manatee
                      N.W. Refuge& N.W.   Bishop Harbor
                                  Refuge
                      Passage Key
                      N.W. Refuge

                                      Bradenton
               Legend                                  Lake Manatee

                   Major Cities
                   Port Manateee             Sarasota

                   Valuable Environmental
                   Resources

               N.W. National Wildlife
               A. P. Aquatic Preserve
               OFW  Outstanding Florida Water
               Source:  Bureau of Land Management

                                         5-31                    Figure 5-12 -J

                      The FEIS identifies several areas within the FCMP which are designated
                 "geographic areas of particular concern:      areas of special management".    37
                 The entire coastal zone in Florida is considered as a vital and important
                 resource; however, certain areas are of even more special significance and
                 warrant particular attention to their preservation and development.          The
                 Coastal Zone Management Act, requires in Section 305(B)(3), that each state
                 inventory and designate the "Areas of Particular Concern".         The State of
                 Florida proposes to utilize several existing state programs which identified
                 areas of particular interest where special management measures are applied to
                 ensure protection of these resources.      There are five areas of particular
                 concern included in this program. They are:

                            Florida's Aquatic Preserves System

                            State Wilderness System

                            Areas of Critical State Concern

                            Conservation and Recreation Lands: Environmentally Endangered

                            Lands

                            Areas for Preservation and Restoration  38

                       Presently, there are none of these specially designated areas located at
                 Port  Manatee, although there are some areas located nearby.       The previous
                 section of this chapter discusses the areas which are close to the port.

                                                       5-32

                FOOTNOTES

                      1Florida  Department     of   Commerce,    Directory    Florida   Ports    and
                      Waterways; page 171.

                      2Conservation Consultants, Inc., Atmospheric Particulate Stu@y; page
                      1.

                      3Florida Department of Environmental Regulation, Florida Administrative
                      Code; Chapter 1.7-2.

                      4Conservation Consultants, Inc., Atmospheric Particulate Stu!jy; page
                      40.

                      5Conservation Consultants, Inc., Atmospheric Particulate Study; page
                      41.

                      6Tampa Electric Company, Ten Year Site Plan for Electrical Generating
                      Facilities and Associated Transmission Lines; page 2.5-4.

                      7Ibid; page 2.5-5.

                      8Ardaman & Associates, Inc., Piezometer Installation at Port Manatee,
                      Manatee County, Florida, March, 1982; page 2.5-18.

                      9Ibid; page 3.

                      10 Teco; page 2.5-1.

                      11 Ibid; page 2.5-2.

                      12 City of Tampa, Tampa Nationwide Urban Runoff Program, Phase I,
                      Final Report; page 6.

                                                       5-33

                       13 Florida Department of Environmental Regulation, Florida Administrative
                       Code, Chapter 17-3.

                       14 Telephone conversation with Jo McIntosh, Manatee County Pollution
                       Control Dept., March 5, 1982.

                       15 Conservation Consultants, Inc., A Survey of Vegetation Associations,
                       Port Manatee Area, Manatee County, Florida; page 2.

                       16 Manatee County Board of County Commissioners, The Manatee Plan -
                       Policy Document; page 7-5.

                       17 Daniel B. Ward, Rare and Endangered Biota of Florida: Plants; page

                       xxiii.

                       18 Ibid; Tampa Electric Company; page 2.7-8.

                       19 Ibid; page 2.7-8.

                       20 Ibid; page 2.7-9.

                       21 Ibid; page 2.7-9.

                       22 Ibid; page 2.7-10.

                       23 Ibid; page 2.7-11.

                       24 Ibid; page 2.7-11.

                       25 Ibid; page 2.7-11.

                       26 Ibid; page 2.7-12.

                       27 Ibid; page 2.7-13.

                                                      5-34

                      28 Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers; Feasibility Report,
                      Manatee Harbor, Manatee Harbor Channel -Maintenan'ce, Main Report;
                      page 10.

                      29 James  N. Layne, Rare and Endangered Biota of Florida:                Mammals;
                      page 28.

                      30 Ibid; page 28.

                      31 U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlite Service,
                      Aerial Surveys for Manatees and Dolphins in Western Peninsular Florida;
                      page 8.

                      32 Herbert W. Kale, III, Rare and Endangered Biota of Florida: Birds;
                      page 23.

                      33 Ibid; page 24.

                      34 Ibid; Manatee  County Board of County Commissioners; page 4-33.

                      35 U. S.  Department of       Commerce     and Florida Office of Coastal
                      Management,      The     Florida    Coastal    Management      Program,      Final
                      Environmental Impact Statement; page II-10.

                      36 Ibid; page xvii.

                      37 Ibid; page 11-144.

                      38 Ibid; page 11-146.

                                                         5-35

                                                    CHAPTER 6

                           RECREATIONAL RESOURCE INVENTORY

                        There is little doubt as to the immense value of Florida's natural
                  resources in attracting both visitors and permanent residents to the State.
                  With a 1980 population of approximately 9.5 million, and projections for
                  approximately 11.7 million residents by 1990, Florida ranks as the third
                  fastest growing state in the Nation.       In addition, over 30 million tourists
                  visit Florida annually to bask in the sunshine, enjoy sandy beaches, fish,
                  swim, and indulge in a myriad of indoor activities.    1

                        Manatee County is part of Regional Planning District S.        This district,
                  composed of Pinellas, Hillsborough, Pasco and Manatee Counties, suffers an
                  imbalance between its population (18% of State population) and recreational
                  land (1% of State land).     2    This imbalance increases the importance of
                  identifying and preserving those areas of real and potential value as
                  recreational resources (see Figure 6-1 Population Compared to Recreation).

                        This chapter will inventory the valuable or potentially valuable
                  recreational resources within the onshore     boundaries of Port Manatee and its
                  nearshore areas.     Only those areas that affect resource-based recreational
                  activities will be discussed.    These areas include water and land areas that
                  are useful for boating, fishing, beach activities, picnicking, swimming,
                  visiting archaeological and/or historical sites, nature study and other
                  outdoor activities facilitated by natural resources.    Interviews with State and
                  local agencies, businesses and recreational clubs were conducted in order to
                  discern those areas of greatest value.       Published reports and books were
                  used in gathering general information on the recreational resources in
                  Florida, Manatee County, and, more specifically, the area near Port Manatee.

                        Most of the recreational activity near Port Manatee is informally
                  structured, resource-based recreation.       The Manatee County Department of
                  Recreation and Parks has no scheduled activities or parks in the area.

                                                         6-1

                Local residents and visitors use    nearshore areas for fishing and boating.
                Beach activities are limited to a   sandy area accessible by a County road.
                The dearth of public recreational   facilities is understanda ble because of the
                industrial zoning of the area.        Future plans include development of
                port-related and other industry.  3   This study will identify those areas now
                used for resource-based recreation and areas that are potentially valuable
                for recreational activities.

                VALUABLE RECREATIONAL AREAS DESIGNATED BY THE
                FLORIDA COASTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN AND/OR BY STATE,
                REGIONAL OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT

                     The Florida Coastal Management Program relies on existing statutes and
                regulations as required by the Florida Coastal Management Act of 1978.
                These laws and regulations apply statewide and result in the boundary of
                Florida's Coastal Management Program extending throughout the entire State
                of Florida.   All recreational areas designated valuable by existing State
                program, rule or regulation, therefore, are included as valuable recreational
                areas in the Coastal Management Program.

                     The State of Florida has several programs designed to provide for the
                outdoor recreation of its residents and visitors and for the conservation of
                lands. Valuable recreational areas identified by these programs include State
                parks, wilderness areas, aquatic preserves, environmentally endangered
                lands and recreational trails. In the immediate vicinity of Port Manatee there
                is one area that has been recognized in this manner by the State of Florida
                as a valuable recreational resource:       Cockroach Bay Aquatic Preserve.
                Manatee County has also recognized an additional nearby area, Bishop's
                Harbor, as a valuable recreational resource.

                     There are no other known areas in the immediate vicinity of Port
                Manatee's boundaries that have been designated by the CZM plan or by
                State, local or regional governments as being lands of recreational value.
                Primary recreational areas in Manatee County are located farther south of

                Port Manatee.

                                                      6-2

                               Population Compared to Recreation
                               Acreage by Region
                                                                                                               Cz
                                                                                                               OL
                                                                                                               E
                                      14.0                                                                     CO
                                                      3.                                                       0
                                                              3                  7

                                                                     5
                                                                        .6      13                             M

                                                                18.0               S.

                                                                            7
                                                                                                               0
                             Population                           1.0          2.1
                             % of Statewide Total 1979

                             Recreation Acreage                             9
                             % of Statewide Total

                     Regional Planning Councils

                     I West Florida               5 Withlacoochee              9 Southwest Florida
                     2 Apalachee                  6 East Central Florida      10 Treasure Coast
                     3 North Central Florida      7 Central Florida           11 South Florida
                     4 Northeast Florida          8 Tampa Bay

                     Source: Fernald, Edward A. Atlas of Florida, 1981 p. 202

                                                         6-3                               Figure 6-1

                 Cockroach Bay Aquatic Preserve

                      Cockroach Bay Aquatic Preserve was designated by the State of Florida
                 in 1976 (S.258.391, Florida Statutes) as part  of the aquatic preserve system
                 under the Aquatic Preserve Act of 1975.          The southern boundary of
                 Cockroach Bay Aquatic Preserve is located approximately one-half mile north
                 of Port Manatee (see Figure 6-2).

                      Pursuant to Chapter 258, F.S., it is the intent of the Florida Aquatic
                 Preserve Program to set aside forever those state-owned submerged lands
                 having exceptional biological,    aesthetic, and scientific value.      Aquatic
                 preserves receive regulatory protection in accordance with this intent   *   In
                 addition, private submerged lands located within an aquatic preserve are
                 managed as part of the preserve, provided that the landowner contracts with
                 the State for donation or lease of his property to the State.           Aquatic
                 preserve management programs emphasize the protection of existing natural
                 values and promotion of compatible outdoor recreational uses such as
                 boating, fishing, skin diving and nature appreciation.    Areas in Cockroach
                 Bay Aquatic Preserve are in a 40-year lease to the Board of Trustees of the
                 Internal Improvement Trust Fund from the Tampa Port Authority.    5

                      The protected area, northeast of Port Manatee is identified as a
                 valuable recreational resource because of its designation as an aquatic

                 preserve.

                 Bishop Harbor

                      Bishop Harbor, located approximately two miles south of Port Manatee,
                 is primarily submerged land covered with dense mangrove swamp. This area
                 provides a sheltered environment for water fowl and a variety of aquatic
                 plants and animals (see Figure 6-2).

                      This area was cited in the Manatee Plan: Policy Document as an area of
                 special concern to be considered in Port Manatee development plans.     6   To

                                                      6-4

                 insure the protection of those areas that may be considered valuable
                 recreational resources, the Manatee Plan states that all coastal waters,
                 estuaries, lakes, cypress domes and navigable rivers should be considered as
                 scenic.7    Development of these         areas    should preserve their         scenic,

                 recreational value.

                       Bishop Harbor is frequented by local residents and organized boating
                 groups such as the Tampa Sailing Squadron.           8   Its pristine state attracts
                 nature enthusiasts, photographers, boaters and fishermen.

                 VALUABLE RECREATIONAL AREAS OF CULTURAL, HISTORIC OR
                ARCHAEOLO       GICAL SIGNIFICANCE

                       The Florida Department of State, Division of Archives, History and
                 Records Management is designated by Florida Statute 267.061(2) as the State
                 agency with responsibility to "locate, acquire, protect, preserve and promote
                 the location, acquisition, and preservation of historic sites and properties ...
                 which have scientific or historical value or are of interest to the public ... 119

                       Archaeological and historical sites are areas that provide resource-based
                 recreation for residents and tourists.         The areas are also an educational
                 resource for research into Florida's past.         For the purpose of this study,
                 archaeological   and    historic   sites  are    considered    valuable    recreational
                 areas.    Manatee and Hillsborough Counties are rich in archaeological and
                 historical sites;    255   sites have been identified in           Manatee County.
                 Hillsborough County has 473 sites.     10

                       Development in unsurveyed areas would preclude identification of
                 archaeological or historical sites; therefore, individual review of specific
                 project areas is recommended to avoid destruction of potentially valuable
                 recreational/ cultural resources.

                       In order to determine whether any historic or archaeological sites exist
                 in the vicinity of Port Manatee, a request was made to the Florida

                                                           6-5

                  Cockroach Bay Aquatic Preserve                                                    4-0
                                                                                                    0
                  & Bishop Harbor                                                                   (0
                                                                                                    a
                                                                                                    E

                  Legend                                                                            0

                                                                                                    (1)
                          Cockroach Bay                                                             (D
                          Aquatic Preserve                                                          4-0
                                                                                                    CU
                                                                                                    C
                          Bishop Harbor                                                             (z

                          Port Manatee
                                                        clk?                                        0

                                                                     Hillsborough Co.

                                                                     Manatee Co.

                                                   Port Manatee

                                    ID

                        Source:   Manatee County Comprehensive Plan

                                                    6-6                           Figure 6-2

                  Department of State, Division of Archives, History and Records Management
                  for a cultural resource assessment.       The results of the cultural resource
                  assessment are contained in Appendix F of this study.             The assessment
                  identified 37 archaeological and historic sites within the vicinity of Port
                  Manatee.    The Division of Archives, History and Records Management
                  determined that, with the exception of Site 8 MA 48, development elsewhere
                  within the Port Manatee tract was unlikely to affect any sites listed or
                  eligible for listing on the National Register.

                       According    to the Division of Archives,            History   and    Records
                  Management, Site 8 MA 48 was reportedly located near Piney Point, possibly
                  within the port's boundaries.     It was reported in 1954 by Mr. W. Plowden
                  who described it as a burial mound (80 feet in diameter by 15 feet high)
                  separated by mangroves from a shell midden (150 feet in diameter by 18 feet
                  high) located in Section 01, Township 33 South, Range 17 East, Manatee
                  County.     The Division of Archives, History and Records Management
                  recommended that the reported location of Site 8 MA 48 be resurveyed to
                  accurately locate and access the site.

                       A resurvey of the site was performed in November 1982 by
                  Archaeological Consultants Incorporated.     No archaeological or historical sites
                  were located within Section 01, Township 33 South, Range 17 East, Manatee
                  County.    Based on the results of the resurvey and on an intensive
                  background     review   of   historical  records,    Archaeological    Consultants
                  Incorporated concluded that the site location data provided by W. Plowden
                  was in error and that Site 8 MA 48 was probably confused with two sites
                  previously recorded on Harbor Key (see Appendix G - Letter Report, Site 8
                  MA 48, Archaeological Consultants Incorporated). This information has been
                  forwarded to the Division of Archives, History and Records Management as
                  justification for the removal of Site 8 MA 48 from its presently recorded
                  location.

                                                         6-7

                OTHER VALUABLE LAND AND WATER RECREATIONAL AREAS

                Piney Point

                     This area, located at the boundary of the northwest corner of Port
                Manatee is accessible by Piney Point Road (Figure 6-3).            Its strategic
                location and sandy terrain provide a natural launching ramp for small boats.

                     Piney Point is a relic of the bygone ferry boat era.       The remains of
                what was once a dock used by ferry boats that transported passengers to
                and from 'St. Petersburg stand stark and rotting against the background of
                the Sunshine Skyway Bridge.

                     Despite the lack of a constructed launching ramp, this strategic location
                is used daily by an average of 20-30 boats.      Shallow water prevents usage
                as a ramp area for boats much over 18 feet; however, smaller boats can be
                easily launched. There are three other ramps     within a five mile area of Port
                Manatee..  These ramps are located at Palmetto, Cockroach Bay and Bishop
                Harbor. 11  Piney Point remains a popular launching area because of its
                strategic location and proximity to Port Manatee fishing areas.

                     Beach activities such as sunbathing, swimming and shelling constitute
                the most. popular form of outdoor recreation activity in Florida according to
                the latest report by the Florida Division of Parks and Recreation. According
                to the report, Outdoor Recreation in Florida, rapid population growth and
                commercial development along the coasts pose critical problems for the
                continued availability of public opportunities for beach activities.     Manatee
                County was among those areas showing a deficiency in the availability of
                land area for public beach access. 12

                     The beach area at Piney Point is too rocky and too sparse to attract
                sunbathers or swimmers.     On-site visits revealed some shelling activity and
                casual wading along the shore.

                                                      6-8

                         Piney Point
                                                                                                                  co
                                                                                                                  cx
                                                                                       Hillsborough Co.           E
                                                                                          Manatee Co.              cl)
                                                            Piney Point
                                                   ch
                                            6b@@c--
                                                   01)
                                                      ec/)

                                                                                                                  co
                                                                                                                  c
                                                                                                                  co

                                                                                                                  0

                                              Port Manatee

                                        Port Basin

                                                           6-9                               Figure 6-3

                      in view of the popularity of this natural landform and its strategic
                 location, Piney Point is considered a valuable recreational resource in the
                 Port Manatee area.

                 Grassy Shoals - Access Channel Area

                      The Port Manatee access channel provides a deepwater atmosphere for a
                 variety of saltwater fish and other aquatic life.     Grassy shoals along the
                 channel afford an excellent habitat for spawning and feeding (Figure 6-4).
                 These areas are hatching grounds and nurseries for fish that migrate to
                 deeper channel waters upon maturity and during periods of excessive heat or
                 cold ,

                      Included among the saltwater fish that inhabit the Port Manatee area
                 are: sea trout, redfish, mangrove snapper, crevalle jack, snook, mullet and
                 tarpon.   The area is used primarily by sport fishermen; however, there is
                 some activity from commercial fishermen.

                      Use of the channel area varies, but, according to a Florida Marine
                 Patrol official, an average of 25-30 boats are sighted daily.     A few scuba
                 divers have also been seen in the channel area.    13  Interviews with several
                 area dive shops confirmed that, although the channel is           deeper than
                 surrounding water along the coastline, it is not a primary area for scuba
                 diving. Area divers must go out at least seven to ten miles into the Gulf of
                 Mexico to find water depth and clarity suitable for good scuba diving
                 activity.

                      Port Manatee discourages use of the channel by s     mall boats, snorklers
                 and scuba divers because of the obvious danger of collision oir upset by
                 incoming and outgoing ships and barges.       The access channel is privately
                 maintained by Manatee Port Authority; however, the public cannot be
                 prohibited from use of this area.    The public is not permitted to fish from
                 Port Manatee docks. 14

                                                      6-10

                       On-site visits have revealed small boats anchored nearshore from Port
                 Manatee in various locations.        In addition, despite restrictions, there is some
                 fishing activity from the shoreline on Port Manatee property.

                       In summary, the grassy shoals along the Port Manatee access channel
                 provide an excellent habitat and feeding ground for saltwater fish and other
                 aquatic life.     This area attracts a significant number of fishermen and is
                 considered a valuable recreational resource in northern Manatee County.

                 Mangrove Areas - Along Shoreline

                       The mangrove areas located immediately north and south of Port Manatee
                 provide     a   protective     habitat     for   many     varieties     of   aquatic    lif e
                 (Figure 6-5).      According to the Florida League of Anglers, the mangroves
                 are protective habitats for non-predator fish such as the mangrove snapper
                 and redfish. Destruction of mangrove areas could affect the composition of
                 fish   populations.       Predator     fish,    such    as   jacks,     quickly     displace
                 non-predator species if protective habitats are destroyed.              This results in a
                 decrease in the quality of sport fishing in the area.         15

                       As previously stated,          there is a significant amount of fishing
                 nearshore. The mangrove areas are too shallow and marshy for boat access;
                 however, they provide protection and food needed by a variety of saltwater
                 fish and aquatic life.

                       The mangrove areas north and south of Port Manatee and those within
                 Port Manatee boundaries are considered valuable as resources that provide
                 an excellent habitat for a variety of saltwater fish in the area.                        The
                 mangroves affect the quantity and variety of fish that inhabit the area and
                 enhance the overall value of the nearshore areas for saltwater fishing and
                 cast-netting.

                                                            6-11

             Grassy Shoals Surrounding                                                   CO
              Port Manatee
                                                             Zqi;@,hi -,Piney Point
                                                                                         Cx
                                                                                         E
                                                                    jV

                                                                                         CO

                                                                                         0

                             \N1
                                                                                         (D
                                    50                                                   4-0
                                                                                         Cz
                                                     0 0
                                         19V         -                                   CO
                                                     iffl tit   Port Manatee             2

                                                                                         0
                    Spoil Island
                                                           Port Basin

                    0%

                          C90

                                  0

                            @d'

                                                                      G
                                                                       rassy Shoals

              Source: Conservation Consultants,  In c.
                                                                                       I

           L                                  6-12                      Figure 6-4

               Mangrove Areas Surrounding Port Manatee                               4-0
                                                                                     Cf)

                                                                                     4-j
                                                                                     0
                                                       Piney Point
                                                                                     C1
                                                      el
                                                  leaf)                              E

                                                                                     0

                                                                                     CO
                     '0                                                              C
                    "I                                                               CO
                                              Port Manate     e

                                                                                     0

            Spoil                         Port Basin
            Island

             Mangrove Swamp
              oil
           I @spla n d@

             Source: Conservation Consultants, Inc.

                                            6-13                     Figure 6-5

                 Port Manatee Spoil Island

                       Spoil islands are a by-product of port development.       Spoil islands can,
                 with proper management and planning, prove a boon to area wildlife and
                 recreation.    The spoil island directly offshore from Port Manatee is a
                 potentially valuable recreational resource (Figure 6-6).          It is presently
                 covered with ruderal vegetation and small trees and is a nesting area for
                 several species of birds.    The island's terrain is not suitable for picnicking
                 and its  rocky shore is not conducive to beach activities.

                       As the island matures it is anticipated that mangroves will root along its
                 shores and natural ecosystems will develop and increase the value of this
                 area to bircfwatchers and naturalists.

                                                        6-14

                     Spoil Island off Port Manatee                                                                                                     cf)

                                                                                                                       Piney Point                     CO
                                                                                                        qbQ110"One    e/                               E

                                                                                                                                                       CO

                                                                                                                                                       0

                                                                                                                                                       ICU
                                                                    'Iev
                                                                                                       Port Manatee

                                                                                                                                                       0

                                                                                                Port Basin

                                                                                       0
                                                                                                                  CO

                                                                                                                  Spoil Island
                      Source: Conservation Consultants, Inc.

                                                                              6-15                                          Figure 6-6

                   FOOTNOTES

                         1Florida.   Division of Recreation and Parks, Outdoor Recreation in
                         Florida, 1981 (Tallahassee: Florida. Dept. of State, 1981), p. 1.

                         2Edward A. Fernald,        Atlas of Florida (Tallahassee:        Florida State
                         University Foundation, Inc., 1981), p. 202.

                         3Manatee County Board of County Commissioners, The Manatee Plan:
                         Policy Document; Ordinance 80-4 (Bradenton, Fl.:              Manatee County
                         Board of County Commissioners, 1981), pp. 7-9.

                         4Florida.   [Laws].    Official Florida Statutes, 1981 (Tallahassee:        State
                         of Florida, Law Book Distribution Office, 1981), p. 1493.

                         5Official Florida Statutes, 1981, pp. 1493.

                         6Manatee County Board of County Commissioners, The Manatee Plan:
                         Policy Document, -. 12-2.

                         7Ibid; page 7-9.

                         8Interview with Mrs. Ranelli, Tampa Sailing Squadron, Apollo Beach,
                         Florida, 15 June 1982.

                         9Official Florida Statutes, 1981, pp. 1530-1531.

                         10 Interview with Frederick A. Gaske, Florida Division of Archives,
                         History and Records Management, 30 June 1982.

                         11 Interview with Richard Harding, 23 June 1982.

                         12 Florida Division of Recreation and Parks, Outdoor Recreation in
                         Florida, 1981, p. 185.

                                                           6-16

                    13 Interviews with Lt. Richard Harding, Florida Marine Patrol, District
                    #9, Bradenton, Florida, 23 June 1982, 14 July 1982.

                    14 Interview with Dave MacDonald, Manatee County Port Authority,
                    Manatee County, Florida, 25 June 1982.

                    15 Interview with Raleigh Franzen, Florida League of Anglers, Inc.,
                    Boca Raton, Florida, 10 June 1982.

                                                 6-17

                                                     CHAPTER 7

                  ESTIMATE OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL LOSS

                        The estimate of potential loss of environmental resources at Port
                  Manatee is based on the type and amount of forecasted improvements
                  (identified in Chapter 4) and the impact these improvements may have on the
                  existing environmental resources (described in Chapter 5).             This chapter
                  addresses the potential losses which may occur if OCS related activity takes
                  place at the port; but does not compare these losses to any other losses
                  which may result from other non-OCS related activities.                 Measures to
                  mitigate these potential losses are identified in Chapter 9 and methods to
                  implement the measures are described in Chapter 10.

                        In addition to losses of environmental resources resulting                 f rom
                  expansion or improvement to port owned facilities, potential losses are also
                  associated with the presence of OCS related industrial and/or manufacturing
                  processes.     There are several OCS related industries which would be
                  expected to locate at Port Manatee if it were to function as an OCS service
                  base.    These industries could cause a variety of losses to valuable
                  environmental resources, depending on the nature of their operation(s).
                  Figure 7-1 summarizes the types of OCS related industries expected to locate
                  at the port and their potential environmental pol          lutants.   The potential
                  environmental losses associated with the presence of these industries are
                  discussed as part of this chapter.

                  AIR OUALITY

                        There are two types of activities identified in Chapter 4 which have the
                  potential to result in a minor reduction/loss in air quality.            Air quality
                  studies performed at Port Manatee indicate that total suspended particulates
                  (TSP) appears to be the only air quality parameter which exceeds
                  established local, State and Federal standards.         Further increases in TSP
                  may potentially be expected from OCS related construction activity associated
                  with upgrading roads, drainageways and storage yards within the port.

                                                           7-1

                       Manufacturing     processes      also   may     potentially    increase      TSP
                 concentrations, although it is expected     that most of these activities would be
                 conducted in enclosed areas, which          would diminish their effect on the
                 ambient air quality.      In addition to TSP, increases in carbon monoxide
                 concentrations may be expecte--d from automobile traffic and during the
                 construction of facilities when heavy equipment is used.             However, these
                 increases are considered insignificant because they should be adequately
                 disbursed by the prevalent shore breezes experienced at Port Manatee.
                 Increases in sulphur dioxide would not be expected because the burning of
                 fossil fuels is not anticipated.

                 Exhaust emissions from OCS crew/supply vessels may potentially increase
                 TSP concentrations.       The largest source of emissions is expected to be
                 related to the continuous use of onboard diesel generators while the vessels
                 are at berth.     The potential for resource loss is expected to be greatest
                 during a medium or high find scenario where 12 or more vessels may be
                 simultaneously at berth.

                 WATER QUALITY

                 Groundwater

                       The port presently obtains its potable and raw water from offsite
                 sources with significant reserve capacity. The study area at and around the
                 port is not a known recharge area. Much of the groundwater in the vicinity
                 of the port is being affected by salt water intrusion, which may eventually
                 make it impractical for use.      The expansion of the port's primary drainage
                 facilities to serve OCS land uses could potentially aggrevate the intrusion of
                 salt water into the groundwater underlying the port by bringing tidally
                 influenced waters further into the interior of the port.

                                                          7-2

                                                     POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS FROM
                                                               OCS RELATED INDUSTRIES

              OCS Facilities                                            Wastewater
              and Activities       Air Emissions                        Contaminants                Noise        Solid Wastes

              Pipe Storage Yard    Particulates,   nitrogen        Hydrocarbons, alkaline     90-100 decibels    Packaging materials,
                                   oxides, sulfur oxides,          substances, parti-         (uncontrolled)     concrete, metal
                                   carbon monoxide, hydro-         culates metal fragments                       scraps, contaminated
                                   carbons                                                                       debris

              Drilling Mud         Particulates, carbon            Chemical additives,        70-90 decibels     Packaging materials,
              Companies            monoxide from vehicles          particulates and                              clay, muds and con-
                                   transporting supplies           weighting agents                              taminated debris

              Cement Companies     Sand and dust from storage      Particulates, chemical     60-90 decibels     Metal scraps, con-
                                   areas, sulfur dioxide and       additives and heavy                           taminated containers,
                                   hydrocarbons, nitrogen          metals                                        cement-soiled debris
                                   oxides and maybe some gases                                                   and packaging
                                   from the storage of acids                                                     materials
              Drilling Tool and    Particulates from opera-        Oily wastes, particu-      70-90 decibels     Metal scraps, oily
              Equipment            tions, metal dust from          lates and heavy metals                        materials, packaging
              Companies            drilling                                                                      materials and debris
              Wellhead Equipment   Carbon monoxide from trans-     Particulates, oily         70-90 decibels     Metal scraps, oily
              Companies            portation vehicles, particu-    wastes and heavy metals                       material, packaging
                                   lates                                                                         materials

              Fishing and Rental   Particulates, carbon            Particulates and oily      70-90 decibels     Broken pipes, dis-
             -n Tool Companies     monoxides from the use of       wastes                                        carded casings,
            40                     vehicles                                                                      unusable equipment
             C
             9                                                                                                   and packaging
                                                                                                                 materials

                                                                                 Port Manatee OCS Impact Study

                                                                        (Continued)

                                                   POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS FROM
                                                             OCS RELATED INDUSTRIES

             OCS Facilities                                           Wastewater
             and Activities      Air Emissions                        Contaminants              Noise         Solid Wastes

             Helicopter          Particulates and carbon         Oily wastes, particu-     70-90 decibels     Packaging materials
             Companies           monoxide and maybe some         lates and fuel            at 1000 ft.        from workers using
                                 gases from the storage                                    elevation, 30-40   the facility
                                 of fuel                                                   decibels over
                                                                                           ambient

             Catering Companies  Particulates                    Soapy discharges and      Minor              Food scraps, packag-
                                                                 organic particulates                         ing materials and
                                                                                                              containers

             Repair and          Particulates, nitrogen          Hydrocarbons, particu-   90-100 decibels     Metal scraps, packag-
             Maintenance         oxides, sulfur oxides,          lates metal fragments                        ing materials, con-
             Facilities          carbon monoxide, hydro-                                                      crete, contaminated
                                 carbons                                                                      debris

             Land Site           Fugitive dust, parti-           Particulates, heavy      85-100 decibels     Particulates, dredged
             Development         culates, carbon monoxide        metals and runoff        at 50 feet          material and maybe
                                 from machinery                  from excavation                              distance discarded
                                                                                                              rocks

                                                                              Port Manatee OCS Impact Study

                  Surface Water

                       Due to Port Manatee's location on Tampa Bay, it is vital to assess any
                  potential resource loss to surface water which may occur as a result of OCS
                  related facilities and services.   There are four major activities which have
                  the potential to effect a resource loss to the surface waters in the vicinity of
                  Port Manatee.   These activities are fuel spills during crew and supply boat
                  loading, product spills during supply boat loading, discharges of untreated
                  stormwater from the port's uplands and the generation of turbidities
                  from increased boat traffic at the port.

                       Fuel Spills

                       The potential for environmental losses related to fuel spill(s) will
                  increase with the increase in OCS activity.      At the highest projected OCS
                  activity level, a supply vessel would be loading approximately 2700 barrels of
                  diesel fuel every other day at Port Manatee, i.e. , 180 vessel trips/yr.

                       The toxicity of spilled oil in the water column depends on its type and
                  concentration.   However, certain trends in toxicity have emerged from field
                  and laboratory studies. In general, light volatile oils such as gasoline and
                  diesel fuel are more toxic than moderate to heavy oils and residual oils.
                  Light volatile oils contain the highest proportion of highly toxic, low
                  molecular weight, aromatic fractions which are readily soluble in sea water
                  and are rapidly accumulated by marine organisms. Figure 7-2 describes the
                  behavior of various oil types during spill conditions including the effect on
                  water quality and aquatic communities.

                       Product Spills

                       The potential for water quality losses associated with product spills
                  will also increase with the level of OCS activity and would be highest in a
                  high find scenario, as more products would be loaded at the port for use in
                  offshore drilling operations.     The majority of these products would be

                                                        7-5

                drilling mud and cement, which would be present in a liquid state for
                pumping into supply vessels. It is anticipated that in a high find scenario,
                approximately 83,000 tons/year of mud (or about two boat trips per day) and
                41,000 tons/year of cement (or about one boat trip per day) would be
                required.

                     Similar losses to surface water quality would result from a product spill
                of either drilling mud or cement.       Both products include quantities of
                particulates and chemical agents which could adversely impact water quality.
                Should a significant product spill occur, dissolved oxygen levels in the water
                column would be expected to drop causing marine animals and plants to be
                deprived of oxygen.     The chemical additives often found in the products,
                suspended in the water column, could be toxic to marine biota, causing
                widespread losses.    A dozen chemical additives are typically used in the
                drilling mud and of these, the heavy metals have the highest potential for
                affecting water quality.

                     The effects of product spills will normally be localized, as the weight of
                the product will cause it to sink to the water bottom prior to being
                completely disbursed.    This condition may impact the marine environment
                through either direct burial of bottom organisms or through changes in the
                physical quality of the aquatic environment.       These contaminants may be
                resuspended in the water column whenever the bottom sediments are
                agitated. Heavy, high speed boat traffic is a primary factor influencing the
                resuspension of bottom sediments.

                     Stormwater Discharges

                     Should additional OCS related land areas be developed at Port Manatee,
                there will be a potential for a corresponding increase in the discharge of
                untreated stormwater into Tampa Bay.         This increase in the discharge
                volume of stormwater, if uncontrolled, could result in a potential resource
                loss to the water quality of the receiving water.

                                                      7-6

                                                CLASSIFICATION AND PROPERTIES OF OIL TYPES WITH
                                                    RESPECT TO THEIR BEHAVIOR DURING SPILLS

              OIL TYPE         EXAMPLES             PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES                TOXICOLOGICAL PROPERTIES

                (1)         Distillate fuels       -  Spread rapidly                    - Acute toxicity is related to the con-
              Light,        such as gasoline,      -  High evaporation and solu-          tent and concentration of the aromatic
              volatile      diesel, No. 2 fuel        bility rates                        fractions
              oils          fuel oil               -  Tend to form unstable             - Aromatic fractions are very toxic due to
                                                      emulsions                           the presence primarily of napthalene
                                                   -  Very toxic to biota when fresh      compounds and, to a lesser extent,
                                                   -  May penetrate substrate             benzene compounds
                                                   -  Can be removed from surfaces by -   Heavy molecular weight compounds are
                                                      simple agitation and low            acutely less toxic, but may be chroni-
                                                      pressure flushing                   cally toxic since many are either known
                                                                                          or potential carcinogens
                                                                                        - Acute toxicity or individual aromatic
                                                                                          fractions will vary among species due to
                                                                                          differences in the rate of uptake and
                                                                                          rate of release of these compounds
                                                                                        - Mangroves and marsh plants may be
                                                                                          chronically affected due to penetration
                                                                                          and persistence of aromatic compounds
                                                                                          in sediments

                (2)         Medium to heavy        -  Moderate to high viscosity        - Acute and chronic toxicity in marine
              Moderate      paraffin-based         -  Toxicity variable depending         organisms is likely to result from:
              to heavy      refined oils              on light fraction composition       1)  Mechanical or physical coverage - oil
              oils          and crude oils         -  In tropical climates, rapid             completely smothering organisms often
                                                      evaporation and solution form           causing death
                                                      less toxic weathered residue        2)  Chemical toxicity - results from the
                                                      with toxicity due more to               exposure of very toxic aromatic frac-
                                                      smothering                              tions of the oil to marine organisms
                                                      Light fractions may contaminate     3)  A combination of mechanical or physical
                                                      interstitial water                      coverage and chemical toxicity.

                                                                                   Port   Manatee OCS Impact Study

                                                                      (Continued)

                                             CLASSIFICATION AND PROPERTIES OF OIL TYPES WITH
                                                 RESPECT TO THEIR BEHAVIOR DURING SPILLS

              OIL TYPE         EXAMPLES              PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES               TOXICOLOGICAL PROPERTIES

                                                    - Tend to form stable emul-         - Mechanical or physical smothering causes
                                                      sions under high physical           acute toxicity in many marine organisms
                                                      energy conditions                   and chronic toxicity in many marine
                                                    - Variable penetration, a             plants (especially mangroves)
                                                      function of substrate grain
                                                      size
                                                    - High potential for sinking
                                                      after weathering and uptake of
                                                      sediment
                                                    - Generally removable from water
                                                      surface when fresh
            00                                      - Weather to tar balls and tarry
                                                      residue

                 (3)        Asphalt, Bunker         - Form tarry lumps at ambient         Acute and chronic toxicity occurs more from
              Residual      C, No. 6 fuel             temperatures                        smothering effects than from chemical toxi-
              oils          oil, waste oil          - Non-spreading                       city, due to the small proportion of toxic
                                                    - Relatively non-toxic due to         aromatic fractions found in heavy, residual
                                                      substrate                           oils
                                                    - May soften and flow when          - Toxicity is more common in marine plants
                                                      stranded in sun                     (especially mangroves) and sedentary orga-
                                                    - Cannot be recovered from            nisms than in mobile organisms
                                                      water surface using most         -  Acute and chronic toxicity also results
                                                      cleanup equipment                   from thermal stress, due to the elevation
            In                                      - Easily removed manually from        of temperatures in oiled habitats
            40                                        beaches
            C
              source: "The Sensitivity of Coastal     Environments and Wildlife to Spilled Oil in
                         South Florida." South Florida Regional Planning Council, January 1981
            IND

                                                                                 Port Manatee OCS Impact Stu;@T

                         Typically, pollutants contained in stormwater runoff are characterized
                   as organic compounds, suspended solids, heavy metals and nutrients such as
                   phosphorous and nitrogen.         Each of these pollutants can have an adverse
                   affect on water quality.     Nutrients, for example, frequently are the cause of
                   significant   water    quality    degradation     in   receiving    waters.     Surf ace
                   waterbodies with long detention times, such as estuaries, tend to concentrate
                   nutrients, as well as organics and metals, in the water column and bottom
                   muds.    When present in the water columns at excessive levels, nutrients
                   promote the unnaturally rapid growth of vegetative matter, i.e., algae
                   blooms,   which, upon their decay, pull dissolved oxygen out of the water
                   column,   depleting its availability.    Lowering the levels of dissolved oxygen
                   in receiving waterbodies may destroy sensitive species of fish and other
                   sessile organisms.

                         At Port Manatee,        stormwater pollutants such as nutrients from
                   fertilizers, heavy metals from fuel spills, roads and equipment maintenance
                   and storage yards and organic compounds/ suspended solids from soil erosion
                   and product spills could potentially be generated from OCS related
                   development.

                         Turbidity

                         Increased boat traffic in support of OCS related activities may result in
                   increased turbidity levels within Port Manatee's turning basin and access
                   channel. The basin and channel bottom consists of very fine grained, silty
                   material which is easily disturbed by boat/ship propeller wash whenever a
                   large amount of power is     applied during vessel maneuvering.

                         The suspens   ion and resuspension of this silty material decreases the
                   amount of light able to penetrate the water column and the distance the light
                   can travel into the water column.          This condition leads to a reduction in
                   photosynthesis, which is related to light intensity, and results in a decrease
                   in productivity and a lowering of dissolved oxygen levels in the water
                   column.

                                                             7-9

                NOISE

                     The ambient noise levels at Port Manatee are in the moderate range,
                characteristic with normal port activities.    Any expansion of OCS related
                facilities and activities would potentially increase noise levels at the port. It
                is expected that construction activities such as paving, erecting of storage
                facilities and installation of infrastructural services would result in some
                temporary increases in noise levels.       Noise levels would be expected to
                temporarily increase in proportion with the increase in the level of OCS
                activity.  A long term increase in noise level associated with an increase in
                helicopter traffic and the additional loading and handling of goods, servicing
                and maintaining of boats and equipment etc. could also occur.

                PLANT POPULATIONS AND HABITATS

                     The potential for direct losses of valuable plant populations and habitats
                due to OCS related development at Port Manatee is expected to be limited to
                a mangrove habitat, present in a small area along the northwestern port's
                boundary of the property.      It is expected that the general area would be
                used for OCS related storage, repair and maintenance facilities.              The
                mangrove habitat in this area could face elimination in order to gain
                additional land for OCS development.

                     Considerable potential also exists for indirect losses of valuable plant
                population and habitats.      The valuable plant populations and habitats
                identified in Chapter 5 included submerged and wetland habitats.            These
                habitats could potentially incur losses from fuel or product spills, discharges
                of untreated stormwater, or increased turbidity resulting from additional boat
                traffic.  Direct losses to submerged grass beds from boat propellors,
                groundings or wakes could also potentially occur.       The nature of the loss
                would be dependent on the type and severity of the occurrence.

                                                      7-10

                  Fuel Spills

                       The potential loss of valuable plant populations and habitats due to a
                  fuel spill would be dependent on the type, amount and location of the spill.
                  Subtidal plant communities such as seagrasses appear to be less oil sensitive
                  than intertidal communities, such as mangroves. Mangroves may be sensitive
                  to toxic effects during a number of life-cycle stages including flowering,
                  germination, seed formation, dispersal and sprouting.        The seedlings of
                  mangroves appear to be most vulnerable.

                  Product Spills

                       Product spills could result in similar kinds of losses as fuel spills,
                  however, due to the heavy weight of these products it is expected that the
                  losses to plant populations would be more concentrated at the site of the
                  spill.

                  Stormwater

                       The discharge of untreated stormwater may cause a loss to marine plant
                  populations and habitats from toxic constituents in the discharge and/or from
                  suspended solids which reduce light levels in the water column limiting
                  plant growth and reproduction.

                  Turbidity

                       It is expected that with increased OCS activity, more vessels will be
                  using the port.   An increase in vessels related to OCS activity may cause
                  physical destruction to valuable plant habitats.   Propeller wash and surface
                  wake can    cause the erosion of plant habitat,         particularly intertidal
                  grassbeds, and can cause the resuspension of bottom sediments to the
                  degree that insufficient light reaches submer ed plant communities to allow
                                                                 9
                  photosynthesis to continue.

                                                       7-11

                ANIMAL POPULATIONS AND HABITATS

                     The potential for losses to valuable animal populations and habitats is
                directly related to the potential for loss to valuable plant populations and
                habitats.   The potential for loss of valuable plant populations and habitats,
                should Port Manatee function as a service base for OCS activities, is
                discussed in the previous section.       Animal populations can also incur direct
                losses from the same events that affect plant populations and habitats:           f uel
                and product spills,       discharges of untreated stormwater and elevated
                turbidity levels.

                ENDANGERED ANIMAL SPECIES

                     Three endangered,        and therefore valuable,        animal species could
                potentially suffer losses should Port Manatee function as a service base for
                OCS activity; the species in question are the manatee, the green sea turtle
                and the eastern brown pelican.         These three species are presumed to be
                present in areas surrounding the port, however only the eastern brown
                pelican has been observed in the immediate vicinity of Port Manatee.
                Mangroves,     submerged      grasslands .   wetlands    and    salt   barrens      are
                traditionally the type of habitats these animals use for nesting and food
                sources.     With the exception of a mangrove habitat located in the
                northwestern portion of the port, it is not expected that the habitats used
                by these animals will be potentially lost due to OGS related facility
                expansions at the port, however indirect losses to the habitats may occur if
                there was a fuel or product spill, a discharge of untreated stormwater, or
                an increase in turbidity levels.        The types of indirect losses would be
                similar to those described earlier in this chapter.

                      The potential also exists for direct losses to manatees and sea turtles
                from collisions with OGS crew and supply vessels frequenting the port.
                This potential greatly increases during the medium and high find scenarios
                because of the increase in frequency of OCS vessel trips to and from the
                port. The potential for collisions within the port's channel and basin is not

                                                        7-12

                as great because the channel and basin depths will allow the animals to
                escape beneath the crew boats/supply vessels, provided the vessels are not
                travelling at a high rate of speed.      Collision potential is at its greatest if
                vessels operate at high speeds in the shallows, outside the channel limits.

                AREAS OF LAND AND WATER LARGELY IN A NATURAL STATE, OR
                WHERE VALUES ARE DERIVED LARGELY FROM
                ttOLOG-icAL CoNsiDERATIONS -

                      On plant populations and habitats, with the exception of the mangrove
                area discussed in the previous section on plant populations and habitats, the
                remaining natural areas are not expected to suffer any significant potential
                for direct loss resulting from OCS related facility expansion at Port Manatee.

                      Cockroach Bay Aquatic Preserve could experience a potential loss to its
                environmental resources from the effects of untreated stormwater discharges
                from the port. The environmental resource loss is expected to be similar in
                character to those losses associated with the discharge of stormwater
                previously discussed in this chapter.         Cockroach Bay Aquatic Preserve
                should not suffer significant environmental resource losses from fuel and
                product spills and suspended channel bottom sediments because of its
                distance from Port Manatee's channel and basin and its protection from these
                water areas by Piney Point.       Potential losses to the West Indian Manatee,
                known to inhabit this area, are discussed in the previous section on Animal
                Population and Habitats.

                     Bishop Harbor could     also experience a potential loss of environmental
                resources from the effects of stormwater discharges and possibly fuel spills
                related to OCS activities at Port Manatee.      The anticipated resource losses
                associated with untreated stormwater discharges and fuel spills have been
                previously discussed in this chapter.       Bishop Harbor is not expected to
                incur any significant environmental resource loss from product spills and
                suspended bottom sediments because of its distance from Port Manatee.
                Potential losses to the West Indian Manatee, known to inhabit this area, are
                discussed in the previous section on Animal Population and Habitats.

                                                      7-13

                       Environmental      resource     losses    to    the    of f shore  spoil     island's
                 habitat/nesting sites for laughing gulls and black skimmers is expected to be
                 limited to potential population displacement because of the noise generated by
                 helicopters flying closely over the spoil island in route to or from an
                 offshore drilling rig.

                       Passage Key National Park and the three national wildlife refuge areas
                 at the entrance to Tampa Bay are too distant from Port Manatee to incur
                 potential environmental resource losses related to the use of Port Manatee as
                 a service base for OCS oil and gas activity.

                 AREAS DESIGNATED BYTHE FLORIDACOASTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
                 ANWOR BY STATE, REGIONAL OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT

                       The Florida Coastal Zone Management Plan has identified five areas of
                 particular concern for environmental purposes. The only Area of Particular
                 Concern located within the study area is                the Cockroach Bay Aquatic
                 Preserve. The potential for the Cockroach Bay Aquatic preserve to incur a
                 potential environmental resource loss is discussed in the previous section.

                                                            7-14

                                                CHAPTER 8

                  ESTIMATE OF POTENTIAL RECREATIONAL LOSS

                     Chapter 6 identified three major categories of valuable recreational

                resources;

                     -    Areas Designated by the Florida Coastal Management Plan and/or
                          by State, Regional or Local Government.

                     -    Areas of Cultural, Historic or Archaeological Significance.

                     -    Other Valuable Land and Water Areas.

                     This chapter will estimate the potential losses to these valuable
                recreational resources should Port Manatee function as a service base for
                OGS activity.

                AREAS DESIGNATED BYTHE FLORIDA COASTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
                AND/OR BY STATE, REGI       ONAL OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT

                     Two areas in the vicinity of Port Manatee have been designated by the
                State of Florida and Manatee County as valuable recreational areas:
                Cockroach Bay Aquatic Preserve and Bishop's Harbor.

                Cockroach Bay Aquatic Preserve

                     Cockroach Bay Aquatic Preserve is located to the north of Port Manatee
                in Hillsborough County (see Figure 6-2). The area has been included in the
                Florida Aquatic Preserves Program because of its biological, aesthetic and
                scientific value. The recreational value is derived through the observance
                of the area's environmental amenities by means of boating, fishing, skin
                diving and photography.

                                                     8-1

                      The expansion of port owned facilities in order to meet the service base
                demands of OCS related development activities, has little potential to cause
                direct resource losses to the recreational value of the Cockroach Bay Aquatic
                Preserve.    Projected OCS related facility expansion at the port is not
                expected to exceed the port's present boundaries.

                      The use of Port Manatee's facilities by OCS industry and the
                development of OCS related businesses at the port could potentially cause
                recreational resource losses at the Cockroach Bay Aquatic Preserve. These
                recreational losses would be primarily incurred if there were a loss in the
                areals environmental amenities i.e., grassbeds, mangrove swamp, and any
                associated plant and animal communities, etc. Therefore, the potential for a
                recreational resource loss at Cockroach Bay is correspondent with the
                potential for environmental loss to the aquatic preserve.         The potential for
                environmental loss is discussed in the previous chapter and is related to
                events such as fuel spills, product spills, untreated stormwater discharges
                and suspension of bottom sediments. The Cockroach Bay Aquatic Preserve
                should be less susceptible to impacts from fuel and product spills and
                suspended channel bottom sediments because of its distance from the port
                and its protection from port waters by Piney Point.

                151shop Harbor

                      Bishop Harbor is located several miles south of Port Manatee.            Bishop
                Harbor also derives its recreational value through the observance             of the
                areals environmental amenities.      The area is mainly dense mangrove swamp
                providing a sheltered environment for water fowl and a variety of             aquatic
                plants and animals.        This pristine state attracts nature enthusiasts,
                photographers, boaters and fishermen.

                      Because of Bishop Harbor's distance from Port Manatee, the expansion
                of port owned facilities to support OCS demands is not expected to have a
                direct   impact    on   Bishop     Harbor's    valuable   recreational     resources.
                Recreational losses could result from the loss of environmental resources due

                                                         8-2

                  to events such as oil spills and stormwater discharges related to the use of
                  the port's facilities by OCS related industry.       The potential environmental
                  loss related to these events is discussed in the previous chapter.

                        The Bishop Harbor area is widely used by organized sailing squadrons.
                  This recreational use of the area could potentially incur a loss should OCS
                  crew boats operate outside the defined Manatee and Tampa Harbor channel
                  areas and venture into the Bishop Harbor area as a short circuit to and from
                  the drill rigs.

                  VALUABLE RECREATIONAL AREAS OF CULTURAL, HISTORIC
                  OR ARCHAEOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE

                        The expansion /improvement of port owned facilities at Port Manatee to
                  accommodate OCS related demands and the use of port facilities and land by
                  OCS related industry is not expected to result in a significant loss to any
                  valuable recreational areas of cultural, historic or archaeological significance.
                  This statement is supported by the results of a cultural assessment
                  conducted by the Florida Department of State, Division of Archives, History
                  and Records Management (Appendix F) and by a background review and
                  reconnaissance survey conducted by Archaeological Consultants Incorporated
                  (Appendix G).

                  OTHER VALUABLE LAND AND WATER RECREATIONAL AREAS

                  Piney Point

                        Piney Point is a recreational use area located slightly north of the
                  northwest boundary of Port Manatee's property.         The recreational value of
                  Piney Point is principally derived from its use as a launching area for small
                  boats.

                        The expansion improvement of port owned facilities to support OCS
                  related demands is not anticipated to extend to the Piney Point area.

                                                         8-3

                Therefore Piney Point is not expected to experience a loss in recreational
                value should Port Manatee function as a service base for OCS related

                activity.

                Grassy Shoals - Access Channel Area
                Mangrove Areas - Along Shoreline
                Port Manatee Spoil Island

                      Each of the above referenced areas derives recreational value from the
                presence    of   valuable    environmental     resources.     As    such,     potential
                recreational loss is directly related to the potential environmental loss
                resulting from the use of Port Manatee as an OCS service base.
                Environmental resource losses are related to the occurrence of events such
                as   fuel and product spills, discharges of untreated stormwaters and
                suspension of bottom sediments in the water column.            Additional details on
                potential environmental losses is presented in Chapter 7.

                                                         8-4

                                                       CHAPTER 9

                                  MEASURES TO MINIMIZE LOSSES

                         In   general,     the   previous     chapters    have     identified    potential
                   environmental and recreational losses/impacts from two categories:

                         1.   Impacts from expansion of port-owned facilities and/or services;
                              and

                         2.   Impacts from the OCS related industrial       facilities developing at the
                              port.

                         Chapter 4 determined that the existing facilities and services at Port
                   Manatee could assimilate the projected OCS demands with only minor
                   upgrades to transportation, primary drainage and berthing facilities.              The
                   direct environmental and recreational losses from this upgrading were
                   determined to be correspondingly minor.               The majority of the more
                   significant environmental and recreational losses were associated with the use
                   of these facilities by OCS related industries which would locate at the port.

                         This chapter will recommend measures which could be employed to
                   minimize the potential for environmental and recreational loss should Port
                   Manatee function as a temporary or permanent service base for OCS
                   exploration and development activities in the eastern Gulf of Mexico. Impact
                   reducing measures will be developed for each resource previously identified
                   as having the potential to incur a loss.

                         The following chapter will recommend methods for implementing the
                   environmental/ recreational impact reducing measures identified in this
                   chapter.

                                                            9-1

                  ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES:
                  PORT RELATED RECOMMENDATIONS

                  Air Quality

                        The primary factor of potential impact on air quality at Port Manatee is
                  the   increase     in   total   suspended       particulates     (dust    particles)     f rom
                  construction activities associated with upgrading of roads, drainageways and
                  storage yards within the port.           Recommended measures to be employed to
                  minimize the air quality impact from construction activities are as follows:

                        1.    Conduct construction activity in stages designed to minimize the
                              amount of area under construction at any one time.

                        2.    Whenever possible, use road surfacing material that will contribute
                              minimally to dust/ particulate formation.

                        3.    Following construction, plant and maintain all undeveloped surfaces
                              with grass or natural vegetative cover material.

                        4.    Grade excavation     piles and fill piles to pre-construction contours.

                        5.    Periodically     sweep     and/or     water     exposed      surf aces     during
                              excessively dry climatic periods.

                        6.    Locate non-water dependent construction and storage yards
                              centrally in the port property to reduce particulate impact on
                              congested areas.

                        7.    Cover truck and rail car beds whenever they are carrying a
                              product capable of suspending airborne particulates.

                        A recommended measure to be employed to minimize the potential
                  resource loss from OCS related crew/supply boat generator exhaust emissions

                  is as follows:

                                                               9-2

                     1.   During a medium or high find activity level, eliminate the use of
                          generator power during berthing by connecting the vessels to an
                          onshore power source.

                Water Quality

                     Groundwater

                     Chapter 7 identified a potential groundwater quality resource loss
                associated with the intrusion of saltwater into the groundwater at Port
                Manatee. The rate and extent of saltwater intrusion could be influenced by
                the extension of the primary drainage system at Port Manatee to serve OCS
                related land development areas. The following measures are recommended to
                minimize the potential for groundwater quality loss at Port Manatee:

                     1.   Drainage extensions to the primary drainage system at Port
                          Manatee should function as broad grassed swales, normally dry,
                          without encroachment of tide waters.

                     2.   Salinity control barriers/ devices should be employed to limit
                          saltwater intrusion from the existing, tidally influenced storm
                          systems at the port.

                     Surface Water

                     Chapter 7 identified potential surface water quality resource losses
                associated with four occurrences; fuel spills during crew and supply boat
                loading, product spills during supply boat loading; the discharge of
                untreated stormwater, and the suspension (turbidity) of channel bottom
                sediment in the water column, resulting from increasing crew and supply
                boat use of the port's berthing areas.        The following measures are
                recommended to minimize the potential for water quality resource losses at
                Port Manatee:

                                                   9-3

                           Fuel Spills

                           1.    Provide adequate means of containing /isolating fuel spills:

                                 a)   All scenarios - locate fuel spill containment equipment
                                      i.e., sorbent boom, skimmers, aerators, etc., at the
                                      fueling berth and utilize to contain spills in the event a
                                      fuel spill occurs.

                                 b)   Medium find scenario - deploy containment boom around
                                      supply/crew vessel whenever fuel is dispensed.

                                 c)   High find scenario - construct a permanent fuel spill
                                      containment facility/ structure surrounding the berthing
                                      area such that containment is permanently provided

                                      whenever vessel is at berth.

                           2.    Drain fueling berth surfaces to    onshore retention area(s).

                           3.    Place automatic flow sensing/cutoff valves on fuel dispensing

                                 lines.

                           Product Spills

                           1.    Drain berth surfaces to onshore retention area(s).

                           2.    Periodically remove any product buildup/ concentration in
                                 sediments in the vicinity of the product berth.              Material
                                 removed should be placed in a self-contained upland spoil
                                 disposal site.

                           3.    Medium find/high find scenario - provide product spill
                                 containment equipment at the berth, at all times, to be
                                 deployed in the event that a product spill occurs.

                                                         9-4

                             Stormwater

                             1     For each OCS lease area provide onsite retention/ detention in
                                   accordance with local and state standards, prior to discharge
                                   to the primary drainage system; prevent direct discharge of
                                   stormwater into the primary system.

                             2.    Plant and maintain grass or other natural vegetative ground
                                   cover on all undeveloped surfaces.

                             3.    Whenever    possible   primary    drainage    system    extensions
                                   required to service OCS land development areas should take
                                   the form of broad grassed swales instead of water-filled
                                   ditches.

                             4.    Prevent any direct discharges of stormwater into the port
                                   basins or Tampa Bay, apart from the primary drainage
                                   system.

                             Turbidity

                             1.    Periodically remove suspendable bottom sediments from the
                                   channel and OCS berth areas.        Material removed should be
                                   placed on a self-contained upland spoil site.

                             2.    Limit vessel speeds in the berthing area.

                  Noise

                        Chapter 7 indicated that noise levels associated with new construction
                  activities, general industrial activities and helipad use could potentially be
                  elevated.   The major impact of the elevated noise levels would be on those
                  homesites along Piney Point Road, adjacent to the port's northwestern
                  property boundary.        Recommended measures which could be taken to
                  minimize potentially elevated noise levels are as follows:

                                                          9-5

                       1     Locate vegetation buffers between industrial activity areas and
                             adjacent non-port owned properties.

                       2.    When feasible, limit construction activities, which occur near the
                             property boundaries, to daytime hours.

                       3.    Internalize high noise level activities - locate helipads, equipment
                             yards, etc., centrally within the port property.

                 Plant Population and Habitats

                       Chapter 7 indicated that there is potential for direct and indirect losses
                 to valuable plant populations and habitats resulting from the use of Port
                 Manatee as a temporary and/or permanent service base for OCS activities.
                 The potential for direct losses of valuable plant populations due to facility
                 expansion is limited to the potential loss of mangrove habitat present in a
                 small area along the northwestern limit of port property.

                       The potential for indirect losses of valuable plant population is greater
                 than that   for direct losses. The indirect losses are primarily associated with
                 losses to   valuable submerged and wetland habitats resulting from the use of
                 the port's facilities by OCS related industry.         Potential losses may occur as
                 a   result    of   contact    with    fuel   spills,   product     spills,    stormwater
                 contaminants/ sediments and/or suspended solids from the agitation of channel
                 bottoms.    Physical destruction to valuable grass beds may potentially occur
                 if crew vessels stray from the access channel over the adjacent grass bed

                 areas.

                       The measures previously recommended in the Water Quality section of
                 this chapter are also recommended to minimize the potential loss of valuable
                 plant populations and habitats.        The following additional measures are also
                 recommended:

                                                            9-6

                       1.   Preserve the existing mangrove habitat along the northwestern
                            limits of port property unless overriding public interest benefit is
                            demonstrated for its    loss.  Any loss should be compensated/
                            mitigated through the   re-establishment of a mangrove habitat of
                            comparable value at an  alternate location.

                       2.   Restrict crew boats to  travel in channels - mark channel for use
                            by smaller vessels.

                  Animal Population and Habitats and Endangered Animal Species

                       The measures recommended in the Water Quality and Plant Populations
                  and Habitat sections of this chapter are also   recommended to minimize the
                  potential loss of valuable animal populations and habitats.

                       The manatee and green sea turtle are two animals that have been
                  identified as valuable and potentially subject to loss from contact/ collision
                  with fast moving supply and crew vessels.       Valuable animal habitat areas
                  correlate with the valuable plant communities.  The measures recommended to
                  minimize the water quality and valuable plant population and habitat loss are
                  also recommended to minimize valuable animal population and habitat.        The
                  following additional measure is recommended to minimize the potential adverse
                  impact to the manatee and green sea turtle:

                       1.   Restrict crew and supply boat to operation within defined channel
                            and berth areas  and to no-wake speeds while in the access channel
                            between the port and the western end of the spoil island.

                       The measures recommended in the previous sections of this chapter are
                  also recommended to minimize the impact on the eastern brown pelican.

                                                       9-7

                ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES:
                OCS INDUSTRY RELATED RECOMMENDATIONS

                     Should Port Manatee serve as a temporary and/or permanent service
                base for OCS activity, there are a number of OCS-related industries that are
                likely to locate at the port.  Each industry has the potential to contribute to
                the loss of a valuable environmental resource(s).       In order to minimize the
                potential for environmental resource loss, a number of industrywide and
                industry- specific measures are recommended:

                Industrywide Measures

                     1.    Locate non-waterfront dependent industries internal to the port.

                     2.    Dispose of all solid waste products generated at the port at an
                           offsite solid waste facility, approved for the disposal of the
                           product in question.

                     3.    Retain/detain drainage waters onsite, in compliance with state and

                           local standards.

                     4.    Grass   or   provide    natural   ground    cover vegetation to        all
                           undeveloped surfaces.

                     5.    Maintain vegetative buffers between industrial sites and offsite
                           and/or public use areas.

                Industry Specific Measures

                     Drilling Mud Companies and Cement Companies

                           1.   Provide site drainage system designed to capture and contain
                                product spills onsite.

                                                        9-8

                             2.   Employ best practical control technology available to control
                                  fugitive dust and other suspended particulates during storage
                                  and handling of product.

                             3.   Maintain spill containment/ control equipment at berthside
                                  during product loading to supply vessels.

                       Drilling Too! and Equipment Companies, Wellhead Companies, Fishing
                       and Tool Rental Companies,      Repair and Maintenance Companies and
                       Pipe Storage Yards:

                             1.   Provide oil/grease separation in the stormwater system prior
                                  to discharge to the retention/ detention area.

                             2.   Isolate solvent/ de greaser storage handling and use areas from
                                  site drainage system, recover and remove spent product
                                  whenever possible.

                       Helicopter Companies:

                             1.   Locate helipads internally to minimize noise impacts on public
                                  use areas and fuel spill impacts.

                             2.   Provide oil/grease separation in stormwater system.

                             3.   Isolate fuel storage and fueling areas from site drainage
                                  system.

                             4.   Adjust flight paths to avoid noise sensitive areas.

                                                       9-9

               RECREATIONAL RESOURCES

                    The potential valuable recreational losses identified in Chapter 8
               originate from potential losses to valuable environmental resources.       The
               measures recommended in this chapter to minimize potential losses to valuable
               environmental resources are also recommended to minimize potential losses to

               valuable recreational resources.

                                                   9-10

                                                    CHAPTER 10
                                 METHODS OF IMPLEMENTATION

                        The previous chapter recommended measures which could be employed to
                  minimize the potential for environmental and recreational loss should Port
                  Manatee function as an OCS service base.               The development of these
                  recommended measures will serve no effective purpose unless a method(s) by
                  which they can be implemented is identified.          This chapter will recommend
                  methods by which the loss minimizing measures can be effectively
                  implemented.     It will remain the decision of the Manatee County Port
                  Authority when to or whether to actually implement any or all of the
                  recommendations in this and the previous chapters.

                  ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES:
                  PORT RELATED RECOMMENDATIONS

                  Air Quality

                        Chapter 9 recommended seven measures that could minimize potential
                  losses in air quality at the port.       The recommended methods by which the
                  Manatee County Port Authority could implement the measures in question are
                  as follows:

                        1.   Officially adopt a construction policy for those projects constructed
                             by or on behalf of the port that will, whenever possible:

                             a)    Encourage   the staging of construction activity to minimize the
                                   amount of area under construction at any given time

                             b)    Use road surfacing material that will not act as a source for
                                   dust and other suspended particulates

                             c)    Sweep and/or water exposed surfaces during excessively dry
                                   periods

                                                          10-1

                            d)   Cover truck and rail car beds whenever products with high
                                 potential for particulate suspension in air are carried

                            e)   Grade excavation and fill piles to approximate preconstruction

                                 contours

                            f)   Plant and maintain undeveloped surfaces with grass or other
                                 natural vegetative cover.

                      2.    Modify the Master Development Plan Update to reserve/ designate
                            lands located centrally in the port's property for those land use
                            activities   with    high    potential   for    generating      suspended
                            particulates, i.e., construction and storage yards.

                      3.    Condition the lease agreement with any OCS tenant operating crew
                            boat/supply vessels to require vessel use of onshore power, in lieu
                            of onboard generators, whenever the vessels are at berth.

                      4.    Provide OCS berths with capability to supply onshore power to
                            OCS vessels.

                Water Quality

                      Groundwater

                      Chapter 9 recommended measures be taken to minimize the intrusion of
                saltwater into the groundwater at Port Manatee.

                      The following are recommended methods by which the Manatee County
                Port Authority could implement the measures in question:

                      1.    Officially adopt a construction policy that requires the use of
                            broad grassed swales for any new extensions of the port's primary
                            drainage system serving OCS tenant lease areas, whenever the
                            engineering and construction of swales is feasible.

                                                        10-2

                       2.   Contract for services to perform a study(ies)          necessary to
                            determine the location, general design features and effectiveness of
                            employing saltwater control barriers/ devices in the existing tidally
                            influenced drainage ditches.

                       Surface Water

                       The previous chapter recommended measures be taken to reduce the
                 potential for environmental resource loss associated with fuel spills, product
                 spills, stormwater discharges and channel sediment turbidity.

                       The following are the recommended methods by which the Manatee
                 County Port Authority could implement the measures in question:

                            Fuel Spills

                            L    As a condition to construction of fuel service connections in
                                 an OCS designated berth, secure agreement from fuel carrier/
                                 dispenser to purchase fuel spill containment equipment to be
                                 located at the fuel berth.

                            2.   Include as a condition to lease agreement between port and
                                 each OCS tenant employing crew and supply vessels:

                                 a)   That the OCS tenant will utilize fuel spill containment
                                      equipment whenever oil spill occurs (all scenario fuel
                                      demands)  and

                                 b)   That the    OCS tenant will deploy containment boom
                                      around its supply/crew vessel(s) whenever fuel is
                                      dispensed (medium find scenario fuel demand) or

                                 0    That the OCS tenant(s) will construct a permanent fuel
                                      spill containment facility/ structure that surrounds the
                                      berthing area (high fuel scenario fuel demand)

                                                      10-3

                          3.   Design and construct any new berth structures to be used
                               for fueling OCS crew/supply vessels to drain to onshore

                               retention areas.

                          4.   As a condition to construction of fuel service connections at
                               an OCS designated berth, secure agreement from fuel carrier/
                               dispenser to place automatic flow sensing/cutoff valves on fuel
                               dispensing lines.

                          Product Spills

                          1.   Design and construct any new berth structures, to be used
                               for loading product on OCS crew/supply vessels, to drain to

                               onshore retention areas.

                          2.   Schedule the harbor bottoms in the vicinity of the product
                               berth for periodic maintenance dredging.         Designate an
                               upland disposal area for the maintenance of dredged material.

                          3.   Medium find/high find scenario - as a condition to the use of
                               a product berth,      secure   agreement    from   OCS    tenant
                               requesting use of the berth that the OCS tenant will provide
                               spill containment equipment at the berth    at all times, to be
                               deployed in the event that a product spill occurs.

                          Stormwater

                          1.   Place a condition in the OCS tenant lease agreement requiring
                               the OCS tenant to provide onsite retention/ detention in accord
                               with State and local standards prior to discharge to port
                               primary drainage system, the port basins or Tampa Bay.

                          2.   Place a condition in the OCS tenant lease agreement requiring
                               the OCS tenant to plant and maintain grass or other natural
                               ground cover on all undeveloped surfaces.

                                                    10-4

                            3.   Officially adopt a construction policy that requires the use of
                                 broad grassed swales for any new extensions of the port's
                                 primary drainage system serving OCS tenant lease areas,
                                 whenever the engineering and construction of the swales is
                                 f easible.

                            Turbidity

                            I .  Schedule the channel and OCS berth bottoms for periodic
                                 maintenance dredging.      Designate a self-contained upland
                                 spoil site for the material removed during the maintenance
                                 dredging.

                            2.   Place a condition in the lease agreement of the OCS tenant(s)
                                 operating the crew/supply vessels, requiring that the vessels
                                 operate only within the defined channel and berth areas and the'
                                 maintain no wake speed within the berth and near channel area.

                  Noise

                       Chapter 9 identified several measures which could be taken to minimize
                  potentially elevated noise levels resulting from OCS related activities at Port
                  Manatee.   The use of vegetation buffers, a limitation on the hours during
                  which construction activities take place and the isolation of high noise
                  potential activities were all recommended measures.         The recommended
                  methods by which the Manatee County Port Authority could implement the
                  above referenced measures are as follows:

                       1.   Whenever OCS industry leases, land lying adjacent to non-port
                            owned property, the lease agreement should be conditioned to
                            require the OCS tenant to:

                                 Plant and maintain an adequate vegetation buffer between the
                                 lease area and adjacent off site property.

                                                       10-5

                               Limit high noise generating construction activities to daylight
                              hours.

                    2.   Modify the Master Development Plan Update to reserve/ designate
                         lands in the central portion of the port's property for activities
                         with potential for generating high levels of noise, i.e., helipads,
                         equipment yards, etc.

               Plant Populations and Habitats

                    Valuable plant populations and habitats are subject to potential loss
               from both the expansion of port facilities and the use of the port's facilities
               by OCS related industry.      The majority of  the potential plant populations
               and habitat losses can be minimized by         instituting the measures and
               implementation methods recommended in the Water Quality section of this
               chapter and Chapter 9.       Chapter 9 also    recommended a restriction on
               crew/supply boat operation and on development in mangrove habitats. The
               recommended methods by which the Manatee County Port Authority could
               implement these additional measures are as follows:

                    1.   Modify the Master Development Plan Update to show the mangrove
                         habitat area along the northwestern limits of port property as a
                         preservation area.     In the event the port determines that
                         overriding public interest will be served by eliminating the
                         mangrove area, the port should require, as a condition of the
                         lease agreement with the OCS user, that the OCS tenant in
                         question mitigate/ compensate for the habitat loss through the
                         re-establishment of a habitat of comparable value at an acceptable
                         alternate location, require that the OCS tenant perform the
                         mitigation prior to completion of site improvements.

                    2.   Condition the lease agreement with any OCS tenant operating crew
                         boats/supply vessels to restrict the OCS vessels to travel within
                         the ports' channel and basin/berth areas.

                                                    10-6

                         3.   In order to facilitate the effectiveness of number 2 above, the port
                              should also employ channel markings with more frequent spacing
                              designed for use by smaller vessels.

                   Animal Population and Habitats and Endangered Animal Species

                         The implementation methods recommended for the Water Quality              section
                   and Plant Populations and Habitats section of this chapter also apply          to this
                   section.   The following additional implementation method is recommended.

                         1.   Condition the lease agreement, with any OCS tenant employing
                              crew boat/supply vessels, to restrict vessel movement to defined
                              channel and berthing areas and to no wake speeds while in access
                              channels between the port and the western end of spoil island.

                   ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES:
                   OCS INDUSTRY RELATED RECOMMENDATIONS

                         The    following     implementation     methods     are    recommended        for
                   action/adoption by the Manatee County Port Authority to effect the measures
                   recommended in Chapter 9 for minimizing potential environmental losses
                   associated with the presence of OCS industry at Port Manatee.

                   Industrywide Implementation Methods

                         1.   Modify the Master Development Plan Update to reserve/ designate
                              land in the immediate vicinity of the berths for water dependent
                              industry.    Locate non-water dependent industry internal to the
                              port.

                         2.   Condition the OCS tenant lease agreements to require that OCS
                              tenants dispose of all solid waste products generated at the port at
                              an offsite solid waste disposal facility approved for the disposal of
                              the product in question.

                                                           10-7

                     3.    Condition the OCS tenant lease agreements to require the OCS
                           tenant to retain/detain stormwater onsite, in compliance with local

                           and state  standards.

                     4.    Condition the OCS tenant lease agreements to require the OCS
                           tenant to  plant and maintain grass or other natural ground cover
                           vegetation on all undeveloped surfaces.

                     5.    Condition the OCS tenant lease agreement to require the OCS
                           tenant to plant and maintain vegetative buffers between industrial
                           sites and offsite and/or public use areas.

               Industry- Specific Implementation Methods

                     The     following     industry-specific      implementation     methods       are

               recommended:

                     Drilling Mud Companies and Cement Companies

                     1.    Condition the lease agreement with these tenants to require the
                           following:

                           a)   Construction of site drainage system designed to capture and
                                contain product spills

                           b)   Installation of best practical control technology available to
                                control fugitive dust and other suspended particles during
                                storage and handling of product

                           c)   Presence of spill containment/ control equipment at berthside
                                during product loading to supply vessels

                     Drilling Tool and Equipment Companies, Wellhead Companies, Fishing
                     and Tool Rental Companies, Repair and Maintenance Companies and Pipe
                     Storage Yards                      10-8

                        I    Condition the lease agreements with the tenants to require the
                             following:

                             a)    Installation of oil and grease separators in the onsite
                                   stormwater treatment system at a point(s) prior to discharge
                                   into the retention/ detention area.

                             b)    Isolation/ separation    of   any     solvent/ de greaser     storage,
                                   handling and use areas from the stormwater drainage system.
                                   Recapture and dispose spent solvent/ de greaser at approved
                                   waste disposal facility.

                        Helicopter Companies

                        1.   Condition the lease agreements with the Helicopter Companies to
                             require the following:

                             a)    Oil and grease separators, prior to discharge of site drainage
                                   waters into stormwater detention /retention areas

                             b)    Isolation/ Separation of fuel storage and fuel dispensing areas
                                   from site drainage system.      Installation of fuel spill recovery
                                   systems for these areas

                             c)    Adherence to flight paths which will avoid noise sensitive
                                   areas such as public use areas, bird rookeries (Spoil Island,
                                   Bishop's Harbor, Cockroach Bay) etc.

                             Modify the Master Development Plan Update to reserve/ designate
                             land centrally within the port property for helicopter pads and
                             support facilities.

                                                          10-9

                                                 CHAPTER11
                     OCS-RELATED REGULATIONS AND PERMITS

                     The use of Port Manatee as an OCS service base will necessitate
                compliance with Federal, State, regional and local statutes; and potentially
                require the Manatee County Port Authority to obtain permits and/or
                approvals from regulatory agencies.       The exact nature of this regulatory
                process will be dependent on the type and level of activity which may occur
                at the Port and the forecasted improvements needed to meet OCS industry

                demands.

                     The following information is provided to the Manatee County Port
                Authority as a general guide to federal, state, regional and local statutes
                and permits which may be applicable to the continued development of the
                port as an OCS service base.

                FEDERAL STATUTES AND PERMITS

                Submerged Lands Act (P.L. 83-31)

                     This Act establishes state title to lands beneath navigable state waters
                and to the natural resources within such lands and waters.          Florida's state
                boundary on the Gulf Coast extends three marine leagues (approximately
                10.5 miles).   Local governments in coastal areas should be aware that the
                term "natural resources" as it is used in this Act "includes oil, gas, all
                minerals, and all marine animal and plant life, but does not include water
                power or the use of water for the production of power."             State or local
                water controls may be needed considering the high demands for water
                especially during OCS exploration. The Act also maintains the right of the
               -federal government to control these lands and waters for the production of

                power.

                  Clean Air Act (P.L. 84-159, as amended by P.L.s 88-206 and 91-604)

                        This Act provides for air pollution prevention/ control activities and is
                  administered by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).                   National
                  Ambient Air Quality Standards (Section 109) have set permissible atmospheric
                  levels for air pollutants.    These standards are divided into two categories:
                  primary standards to protect public health, and secondary standards to
                  protect welfare, including property and aesthetics.            Air emissions from
                  certain stationary (industrial) and mobile (automotive) sources are also
                  specifically regulated.

                  Federal Water Pollution Control Act (FWPCA) or Clean Water Act (P.L. 845
                  as amen_ ed by P.L.s 579 and 660)

                        The objective of this Act is to restore and maintain the chemical,
                  physical, and biological integrity of the Nation's waters.         The Act directs
                  the EPA Administrator to establish Federal Standards of Performance for new
                  source facilities and establishes the National Oil and Hazardous Materials
                  Pollution Contingency Plan.      Section 303 of the Clean Water Act establishes
                  water quality standards.       Sewage water contains large concentrations of
                  organic matter,     suspended     solids and plant nutrients         (nitrogen and
                  phosphorus compounds) and is an excellent medium for the transfer of
                  disease.    For these reasons, sewage wastewater discharges are carefully
                  regulated and treatment is required to allow receiving waters to continue to
                  be utilized to support freshwater or marine aquatic life, swimming, and
                  shellfish harvesting.

                        Section 402 of the Clean Water Act establishes the National Pollutant
                  Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program. This program regulates the
                  discharge of pollutants from point sources and related activities into United
                  States' waters.    All such discharges or activities are unlawful without an
                  NPDES permit.     A permitted discharge that does not comply with the terms
                  and conditions of the permit is also unlawful.      A discharge of a pollutant is
                  defined as 1) any addition of any pollutant or combination of pollutants to

                                                         11-2

                waters of the U.S. from any point source, or 2) any addition of any
                pollutant or combination of pollutants to the waters of the contiguous zone or
                the ocean from any point source other than a vessel or other floating craft
                which is being used    as a means of transportation (40 CFR 122.3).

                     Section 404 of the Clean Water Act regulates the discharge of dredged
                or fill materials into the waters of the United States, including adjacent
                wetlands.    The program is administered by the Army Corps of Engineers
                (COE), which has primary responsibility for issuing discharge permits, while
                EPA holds veto power over the location of the disposal site.         The Section 404
                program requires that adverse impacts be assessed prior to the discharge of
                dredged or fill material into waters of the United States.          In addition to a
                public interest review by the COE prior to issuing Section 404 permits,
                environmental and social factors, and the existence of alternate sites must be
                considered.    Losses to the public as a result of damage to an aquatic
                ecosystem must be balanced against the public benefits derived from a
                project.

                Marine Resources and Engineering Development Act of 1966, Including Title
                III, Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (P.L. 89-454, as amended by P.L.s
                89-688 and 92-583, respectively)

                      Title III of this Act is the Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA) of
                1972.   This Act, administered by the Department of Commerce (DOC), sets
                major goals for the following: protection, development, and restoration of
                natural and historic resources; increased recreational access and management
                of coastal development; and coordination/ streamlining of federal and state
                decisions affecting coastal resources.      The CZMA is a major tool which states
                can use to coordinate the many federal regulatory measures enacted during
                the 1970s, such as the National Flood Insurance Program, the Deepwater Port
                Act of 1974, Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, and the OCS
                Lands Act Amendments of 1978.             The CZMA allows affected states the
                opport unity to participate in and plan for the impacts on their coastal areas
                from oil and gas production in federal OCS area.           Also, the CZMA has the

                                                         11-3

                    potential for use as a mechanism to delay oil and gas operations in federal

                    territories.

                    The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1969 (P.L. 91-190 as
                    amended by P.L.s 94-52 and 94-83)

                         NEPA requires that all federal agencies proposing actions significantly
                    affecting the quality of the     human environment consult with other agencies
                    having jurisdiction by law or expertise over such environmental concerns and
                    prepare a detailed statement including:

                               The environmental impact of the proposed action;

                               Any adverse environmental effects which cannot be avoided if the
                               proposal is implemented;

                               Alternatives to the proposed action;

                               The    relationship    between     local    short-term    uses    of     man's
                               environment and the maintenance and enhancement of long-term
                               productivity, and;

                               Any irreversible and irretrievable resource commitments involved in
                               the proposed action is implemented.

                    Solid Waste Utilization Act as amended by the Resource Recovery Act

                         This Act requires that EPA establish criteria for identifying hazardous
                    wastes and a federal permit program (similar to the NPDES program) to
                    regulate their handling and disposal.

                         In cases of specific hazardous toxic substances (such as cyanide), the
                    federal government becomes involved in waste management.                      Generally,
                    however, solid waste management is a state responsibility.

                                                             11-4

                     Solid wastes generated by service base operation may include dunnage
                (material used to protect cargo) collected during boat unloading, garbage
                from supply and crew boats (approximately 6.5 lbs. per person per day) and
                garbage/refuse    f rom  service base     employees.     These wastes     can be
                incinerated, disinfected and used as landfill or, in the case of garbage,
                ground up and disposed of with the sewage.          Little adverse environmental
                impact is anticipated if these materials are disposed of in accordance with
                existing regulations.

                National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (P.L. 89-665 as amended by P.L.s
                91-243, 93-54, 94-422, 94-558 and 96-625 and Executive Order 11593)

                     The National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) of 1966, as amended,
                authorizes the Secretary of the Interior to expand and maintain a National
                Register of districts, sites, structures, and objects significant in American
                history, architecture, archaeology, and culture.       The Act provides for the
                nomination of properties of national, state, or local significance for placement
                in the National Register but prohibits the listing of privately owned property
                when the owner objects in writing. The criteria for including properties in
                the National Register (36 CFR 60.2) provides the standard to judge whether
                a cultural property is important enough to warrant special consideration
                during the planning of federal undertakings.

                Occupational Health and Safety Act of 1970 (P.L. 91-596        as   amended      by
                P.L.s 93-237 and 95-251)

                     This Act protects workers from excessive, injurious noise and limits
                noise levels to 90 decibels for an eight hour day.      It also stipulates that the
                permissible exposure time must be halved for every five decibel increase.
                For instance, noise levels of 100 decibels are allowed for only two
                hours/day. Noise will be produced during construction of OCS facilities and
                at marine terminals from compressors and boilers and to some extent from
                tankers and barges.

                                                       11-5

                  Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 (P.L. 92-522 as amended by P.L.s
                  93-205, 94-265, 95-136 and 95-316)

                       This Act (50 CFR Part 216) establishes a national policy designed to
                  protect and conserve marine mammals and their habitats.                 The Act
                  specifically prohibits the harassing, hunting, capturing, or killing of any
                  marine mammal unless otherwise exempted under its provisions. The Marine
                  Mammal Commission is responsible for advising federal agencies on the
                  protection and conservation of marine mammals.           The Commission has a
                  Committee of Scientific Advisors to provide advice on actions needed to fulfill
                  the purposes of the Act.      Authority has been delegated to the DOC, which
                  is responsible for all cetaceans and pinnipeds (except walrus) and to the
                  DOT, which is responsible for walrus, sea otters, manatees, and dugongs.
                  DOI is responsible for determining which OCS oil/gas activities will threaten
                  marine mammal populations or violate provisions of the Act.

                  Marine Protection Research and Sanctuaries Act of 1972 (P.L. 92-532 as
                  amended by P.L.s 93-254, 93-472, 94-62, 94-326 and 95-1523)

                       The purpose of the Marine Sanctuaries Program is to:             1) identify
                  distinctive areas in the ocean, from the coast to the edge of the continental
                  shelf; 2) preserve and restore these areas by designating them as marine
                  sanctuaries;   and 3)     provide appropriate regulation and management.
                  Program emphasis is on    the protection of natural and biological resources.

                  Endangered Species Act    of 1973 (P.L. 93-205 as amended by P.L. 94-325)

                       Under the Endangered Species Act (ESA), consultation authority is
                  delegated to the Director of the Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) and the
                  Assistant Administrator for Fisheries, National Marine Fisheries Service
                  (NMFS).

                       The Secretary of Interior or Commerce, and all federal agencies in
                  consultation with them, are required to ensure that any program authorized,

                                                        11-6

                funded or carried out by a federal agency is not likely to jeopardize the
                existence of any endangered or threatened species, or result in the
                destruction or adverse modification of critical habitat.

                     This Act defines the terms "critical habitat" and "endangered species"
                (Section 3(5) and (6)) and empowers the Secretary of the Interior to
                determine critical habitat boundaries and to specify species as endangered or
                threatened.   However, the Secretary of the Interior may not list, remove
                from any list, or change the status of any endangered/ threatened species
                listed before enactment of this Act without a prior favorable determination by
                the Secretary of Commerce (Subsection 4 (a)(2)(c)).      An exemption for an
                agency action will not be considered a major federal action provided that an
                EIS discussing the impacts upon the endangered/ threatened species or upon
                their critical habitats has been prepared previous to the action (Special
                Provisions, Section 7(k)).

                Mineral Leasing Act (Section 28), Amended and National Wildlife Refuge
                System Administration Act, Amended

                     These Acts require approval by the FWS of rights-of-way for pipeline
                construction across national wildlife refuges and other federal lands under

                its control.

                     Title 50 incorporates the requirements of the Act to amend Section 28 of
                the Mineral Leasing Act of 1920, to amend the National Wildlife Refuge
                System Administration Act of 1974.    The amendment to Section 28 establishes
                special requirements for pipeline rights-of-way for oil, natural gas, synthetic
                liquid or gaseous fuels.      The National Wildlife Administration Act, as
                amended, establishes criteria for granting rights-of-way across lands of the
                National Wildlife Refuge System.

                     Applications for all rights-of-way over lands administered by the FWS
                must be submitted to the Regional Director who determines if the
                right-of-way is compatible with the purposes established for units of the
                National Wildlife Refuge System  (50 CFR 29.21-1(a)).

                                                     11-7

                   The Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act (P.L. 73-121 as amended by P.L.s
                   732, 80-697, 86-624 and 89-72)

                        Under the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act, any pipeline project that
                   would affect a water body of the United States requires that the FWS and
                   the NMFS recommend that wildlife conservation receive equal consideration
                   with other project features throughout the planning and decision-making
                   process.     The    Secretary    of   the    Interior   is   authorized    to    make
                   recommendations and issue reports on the wildlife aspects of proposed
                   water-related projects.     These reports and recommendations, and those of
                   the head of the state agency exercising authority over the wildlife resources
                   of the state, are included in the final report by the responsible federal
                   agency (16 USC 662(b)).         Wildlife agencies can recommend that permits,
                   including COE permits issued under Section 404 of the FWPCA, be denied.
                   However, the COE is not required to heed the counsel of the wildlife
                   agencies.

                   The River and Harbor Act of 1899 (Sections 9 and 10 only)

                        This Act regulates permitting for any work in or affecting navigable
                   waters of the United States.        Section 9 specifically addresses permits for
                   pipeline construction of elevated crossings over such waters.

                        Section 9 of the Rivers and Harbors Act prohibits construction of any
                   dam or dike across any navigable waters of the United States without
                   congressional consent and approval by the COE.                Where the navigable
                   portions of a water body lie exclusively within the jurisdiction of a single
                   state, the structure may be built under the authority of the state legislature
                   if the plans are approved by the COE.          Section 9 also applies to elevated
                   bridges,    causeways,      and    pipeline    crossings.     The     Secretary     of
                   Transportation delegated authority with respect to elevated crossings to the
                   Coast Guard Commandant.         The Coast Guard's function in reviewing plans
                   for pipelines across navigable waters (for the purpose of this program) is to
                   ensure that structures meet the requirements of navigation.

                                                           11-8

                      Section 10 permits are required for all structures or work in, or
                affecting, the navigable waters of the United States, for work on artificial
                islands,   and for     all  installations  and other      devices permanently or
                temporarily attached to     the seabed on the outer continental shelf (Section
                4(e), OCS Lands Acts of 1953, as amended).

                FLORIDA STATUTES AND PERMITS

                Pollutant Spill Prevention and Control Act, Chapter 376, Florida Statutes

                      Subsection 376.021, F.S. of the Pollutant Spill Prevention Control Act
                acknowledges that the seacoast is a source of private and public recreation
                and, as such, should be protected.             In enacting this legislation, the
                legislature found that the transfer of pollutants between vessels, and
                between terminal facilities and vessels within the jurisdiction of state waters
                and pollutants occurring as a result of procedures involved in the transfer,
                storage and transportation of such products pose threats of danger and
                damage to the environment of Florida.           For purposes of the legislation,
                pollution was defined as the presence of substances in the air or water in
                quantities potentially harmful to human welfare,              animal/plant life or
                property, or in quantities which may unreasonably interfere with the
                enjoyment of life or property including outdoor recreation.                 Pollutants
                include oil of any kind and in any form, gasoline, pesticides, ammonia,
                chlorine and derivatives thereof.      With regard to storage facilities, the Act
                provided that operation of terminal facilities shall require an annual
                registration certificate and adhere to regulations formulated to govern the
                operation and inspection of such facilities.        Subsection 376.021(6) further
                declared that it was the intent of this legislation to support and complement
                applicable provisions of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act as amended.
                The Florida Department of Natural Resources was empowered to carry out the
                duties and powers of this Act (Subsection 376.051, F.S.).

                                                        11-9

                   Energy Resources Part I, Regulation of Oil and Gas Resources, Chapter 377,
                   Florida Statutes

                        Public policy, as defined in Chapter 377, F.S. is to conserve and
                   control the natural resources of oil and gas in said state and the products
                   made therefrom (Subsection 377.06, F.S.).           The Florida Department of
                   Natural Resources is responsible for governing all phases -of the exploration,
                   drilling and production of oil, gas, or other petroleum products in the state
                   including exploration, drilling, and production in the offshore waters of the
                   state (Subsection 377.22, F.S.).     Subsection 377.24, F.S. mandates that a
                   permit is required prior to the drilling of an exploration well.        No permit
                   will be granted to drill for oil or gas within the corporate limits of any
                   municipality unless the governing authority approves the application for such
                   permit by resolution. No permit will be granted in tidal waters within three
                   (3) miles of a municipality or county unless approved for permit by
                   resolution of the governing body (Subsection 372.24(6), F.S.).          Subsection
                   377.242,  F. S.  states that no structure intended for the drilling or
                   production of oil may be located within one mile seaward of the coastline of
                   the state.   No permit shall be granted within one mile inland from the
                   coastline unless it is determined that the estuaries, beaches, and shore areas
                   of the state will be adequately protected in the event of an accident. Under
                   the provisions of Subsection 377.243, F.S. two conditions must be met prior
                   to obtaining a drilling permit. These are: the ownership of a valid deed or
                   lease which grants the right to explore for oil and/or gas; and, satisfactory
                   evidence that the applicant will implement a program for the control of
                   pollution which may occur as a result of the activity.       In order to protect
                   the gas and oil fields in the state, Subsection 377.40, F.S. declared it to be
                   unlawful for any person to permit negligently any gas or oil well to go wild
                   or to get out of control.   The owner of any such well shall, after 24 hours
                   written notice by the Division of Resource Management given to him or the
                   person in possession of such well, make reasonable effort to control such
                   well.

                                                        11-10

                Environmental Land and Water Management Act, Chapter 380, Florida Statutes

                      The purpose of this Act is to develop growth and management policies
                to protect the natural resources, environment, and water quality of the state
                which may be implemented to the maximum extent possible by local
                governments     through    existing   processes    (Subsection    380.021,     F.S.).
                Subsection 380.05, F.S. provides for the designation of areas of critical
                state concern by the Administration Commission (Governor and the Cabinet)
                if these areas contain or have a significant impact upon environmental,
                historical, natural or archaeological resources of regional or statewide
                importance.    An area of critical state concern may be designated if it is
                affected by, or has a significant effect upon, an existing or proposed major
                public facility or other area of major public investment.         Once an area is
                designated, the Land Planning Agency may recommend specific principles for
                guiding the development of the area.              The local government having
                jurisdiction over the land area designated has the opportunity to develop
                land use plans and regulations for these lands which are consistent with the
                specific principles    established    by   the   State   Land   Planning     Agency.
                Development permits issued for activities within these          areas must be in
                accordance with these development plans and regulations.

                      Subsection 380.06(l), F.S. defines the concept of Developments of
                Regional Impact (DRI) to be any development which, because of its
                character, magnitude, or location would have a substantial effect upon the
                health, safety, or welfare of citizens of more than one county.             Proposals
                for DRIs must be reviewed by Regional Planning Councils (RPCs) which
                request comments from local governments as part of the review process and
                then make recommendations to local governments whether to approve, deny
                or approve with conditions the proposed DRI.               Local governments are
                responsible for implementing the recommendations made by RPCs.               Chapter
                27F-2, Florida Administrative Code contains the standards which identify
                developments presumed to be of regional impact.            Industrial parks/plants
                must provide parking for more than 1,500 vehicles or occupy a site greater
                than one square mile to be considered a DRI.           Petroleum storage facilities

                 are assumed to be DRIs if the facility would be located within 1,000 feet of
                 any navigable water and have a storage capacity of over 50,000 barrels or if
                 the facilities would have a storage capacity exceeding 200,000 barrels
                 (Subsection 2.08, Ch. 27F FAC).     Therefore, it is probable that the only
                 OCS facilities that might be reviewed as developments of regional impact
                 would be the petroleum storage facilities.

                 Land Acquisition Trust Fund, Chapter 253, Florida Statutes

                      The Board of Trustees of the Internal Improvement Trust Fund
                 (BTIITF)   of the state is vested and charged with the acquisition,
                 administration, management, control, suspension, conservation, protection
                 and disposition of all lands owned by, or which may hereafter insure to, the
                 state or any of its agencies or departments (Subsection 253.02(l), F.S.).
                 Lands vested in the BTIITF according to Subsection 253.03, F.S. include
                 all:

                           Swamp and overflowed lands held by the state;

                           Lands owned by the state by right of sovereignty;

                           Internal improvement lands;

                           Tidal lands;

                           Lands   covered by    shallow waters of the ocean,       gulf,   or
                           bays/lagoons, and all lands owned by the state covered by fresh
                           water;

                           Parks, reservations or land/bottoms set aside in the name of the
                           state excluding lands held for road and canal rights-of-way; and

                          Lands which may accrue to the state from any source excluding
                          road and canal rights-of-way or spoil areas/borrow pits; or land
                          which is or may become vested in any port authority, flood
                          control, navigation, or water management district created by any
                          general or special act.

                Beach and Shore Preservation Act, Part I:         Regulation of Construction,
                Reconstruction and Other Physical Activity, Chapter 161, Florida Statutes

                     Part I of this law provides for the regulation of construction along the
                coast by the Division of MArine Resources, Department of Natural Resources
                (DNR).   Subsection 161.041, F.S. provides for permits which are required
                for any  coastal construction or reconstruction specifically undertaken for
                shore protection purposes, if upon lands of the state below mean high water

                line.

                     Subsection 161.051, F.S. declares that the state shall not be liable for
                any damages arising out of construction, maintenance, or improvements of
                permitted coastal works.

                     Subsection  161.052, F.S. establishes coastal construction setback lines
                on a statewide basis.    A 50-foot construction setback line from the mean
                high water line is established which prohibits construction seaward of the
                line without a waiver or variance approved by DNR.               These setback
                requirements do no apply to coastal locations having vegetative non-sandy
                shores.   The DNR may authorize the construction of pipelines or piers
                extending outward from the shoreline, unless it determines such construction
                would cause erosion of the beach in the area of the structure(s).       Also the
                DNR may exempt portions of the coastline from the setback provision if,
                because of their nature, they are not subject to erosion of a substantially
                damaging effect to the public.

                                                     11-13

                 State Parks and Preserves, Chapter 258, Florida Statutes

                      Subsections 258.17-258.32, F.S. are known as the "State Wilderness
                 System Act". The Department of Natural Resources is directed to give early
                 consideration to wilderness areas which:

                           Are in close proximity to urban or rapidly developing areas;

                           Are in imminent danger from some other source;

                           Are designed to protect rare or endangered species or other
                           unique natural features; and

                           Constitute the last vestiges of natural conditions within a given
                           region.

                      Subsections 258.35-258.46, F.S. are known as the Florida Aquatic
                 Preserve Act of 1975.   Section 258.16, F.S. establishes the Boca Ciega Bay
                 Aquatic Preserve, Pinellas County, specifies its boundaries and prohibits
                 dredging, drilling, and excavation for minerals.

                      Subsection 258.391, F.S. designates Cockroach Bay in Hillsborough
                 County as an aquatic preserve for a period of 40 years under a lease with
                 Tampa Port Authority and gives the exact boundaries.

                      Subsection 258.42(3)(a), F.S. limits dredging and filling in aquatic
                 preserves to certain activities which require a permit. These include:

                           Minimum dredging and spoiling as authorized for public navigation
                           projects;

                           Minimum dredging and spoiling as authorized for the creation and
                           maintenance of marinas, piers, docks, and associated navigation
                           channels;

                                                    11-14

                           Other maintenance dredging as required for existing navigation
                           channels;

                           Reasonable improvements as may be necessary for public utility
                           installation or expansion; and

                           Installation/ maintenance of oil and gas transportation facilities.

                Florida Archives and History Act, Chapter 267, Florida Statutes

                     Subsection 267.061, F.S. states it is the policy of the state to protect
                and preserve sites and properties which have scientific, cultural or historical
                value or are of interest to the public. This Act provides for the acquisition
                and preservation of historic sites and properties and includes, but is not
                limited to, fossil deposits, Indian habitations and sunken or abandoned
                ships.   It is also state policy that treasure found on state lands (including
                submerged state lands) shall belong to the state.         A permitting process to
                regulate field investigation activities upon publicly designated archaeological
                sites is provided for in the law.    Subsection 267.11 provides a procedure for
                publicly designating an archaeological site. Once a site is so designated, no
                person may conduct field investigation activities without first securing a
                permit from the Division of Archives, History and Records Management.

                Game and Freshwater Fish, Chapter 372, Florida Statutes

                      Subsection 372.85, F.S. prohibits contamination of fresh waters by the
                introduction of any substance in sufficient quantities to injure, stupify, or
                kill fish.  Thus any drilling operations located on or near the fresh waters
                of the state must employ precautionary measures to prevent pollution of
                those waters as required by the Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish

                Commission.

                                                       11-15

                 Water Resources Act, Part I:       State Water Resources Plan, Chapter 373,
                 Florida Statutes

                      The Florida Water Resources Act of 1972 covers all waters in the state
                 unless specifically exempted by general or special law (Subsection 373.023,
                 F.S.). Subsection 373.016, F.S. provides for the comprehensive management
                 of water and related land use including but not limited to: the development
                 of dams, impoundments, reservoirs and other works and to provide water
                 storage for beneficial purposes; and to prevent damage from floods, soil
                 erosion and excessive drainage.

                 Water Resource Management Act, Part II: Permitting of Consumptive Uses of
                 Water, Chapter 373, Florida Statutes

                      Subsection 373.219, F.S. sets forth the requirement for a permit for
                 the consumptive use of water and imposes reasonable conditions to assure
                 that the permitted use is consistent with the overall objectives of the water
                 district or DER and is not harmful to the water resources of the area.         No
                 permit is required for domestic consumption of water by individual users.
                 Subsection 373.223, F.S. sets forth the conditions for a permit.     The use to
                 which the water is to be put must be a "reasonable-beneficial" one.          This
                 means the use must be reasonable from the standpoint of other landowners
                 and the public.

                 Environmental Control, Part I:       Pollution Control, Chapter 403, Florida
                 Statutes

                      Subsection 403.021, F.S. declares that the pollution of the air and
                 waters of the state constitutes a menace to public health and welfare and is
                 harmful to industrial, recreational and other beneficial uses of air and water.
                 Parts II and III proclaim that it is the public policy of this state to conserve
                 the air and waters of the state and to protect, maintain and improve the
                 quality thereof. The propagation of wildlife and aquatic life is protected for
                 domestic, agricultural, industrial, recreational and other beneficial uses.    No

                                                      11-16

                wastes are allowed to be discharged into any waters of the state without the
                necessary treatment to protect the beneficial uses of the water.         Waters of
                the state include rivers, lakes, streams, and all other bodies of water such
                as saline, brackish and     tidal waters.   Subsection 403.088, F.S. mandates
                that permits are required   for stationary installations which will reasonably be
                expected to be a source    of air or water pollution.    No discharge into water
                within the state of any waste that reduces the quality of the water is
                permitted without authorization. Permits are to be denied if the discharge of
                waste will lower the water quality below established levels.             Subsection
                403.085, F.S. requires permits for ocean outfalls.        Secondary treatment or
                other treatment as may be required is necessary before the permit will be
                granted.

                     Subsection 403.061, F.S. grants authority for pollution control to DER,
                which must establish ambient air and water quality standards, determine
                sources of pollution and establish a permit system for operations or
                construction activities that may be a source of air or water pollution.

                Air Pollution, Chapter 17-2, Florida Administrative Code

                     Chapter 17-2.03(4)(b), FAC, Prevention of Significant Deterioration,
                provides standards for determining when significant deterioration of air
                quality occurs in three specified types of areas, and contains guidelines to
                prevent air quality from being degraded below significant levels.         The rule
                states that each area of the state shall be placed in one of three specified
                deterioration classes.   Allowable deterioration of air quality in each class of
                area is estimated or measured from a 1974 air quality baseline.            The air
                quality areas are labelled Class I, II or III.     Standards are established for
                maximum allowable annual increase in micrograms per cubic meter of
                particulate matter and sulfur dioxide in each area.            Twenty-four hour
                maxima are established for both types of pollutants, and three hour maxima
                are instituted for sulfur dioxide. Restrictions on increased concentrations of
                these pollutants are most severe with Class I areas; Class II areas have
                moderate restrictions on allowable increases in air quality degradation; and

                                                       11-17

                  Class III areas are least restrictive,       The rule establishes no significant
                  deterioration standards in any class of area for carbon monoxide, lead,
                  nitrogen dioxide, or any known air pollutants other than the two already
                  mentioned. The Tampa Bay Region is a Class II area.

                  REGIONAL STATUTES AND PERMITS

                  Tampa Bay Reginal Planning Council

                        A function of the Tampa Bay Regional Planning Council is to offer
                  leadership, assistance and coordination for the programs that carry out the
                  achievement of an excellent quality of life for all people in the region.          In
                  concert with this goal, and by design of its objectives, a regional policy was
                  set forward as a guide to future growth in the Tampa Bay Region.                This
                  regional policy, entitled Future of the Region, was adopted in July 1975 and
                  subsequently amended in 1976, 1977 and 1980, following the rules contained
                  in Chapter 120, F.S.        The following    policies related to industrial and
                  environmental issues were taken from the     Future of the Region.

                        It shall be the policy of the Council to ensure that industrial land uses
                  are planned to meet the needs of the resident population in areas most
                  suitable with respect to the protection of environmental and natural
                  resources, energy efficiency, economic development objectives and the
                  orderly extension and expansion of public facilities and services.

                        It shall be the policy of the Council to encourage open space as a
                  means of providing the population with visual relief from the urban
                  environment as well as a means of preserving and conserving special lands.
                  Aside from broad expanses at the urban fringe, such as green areas, open
                  space should be included within urban areas, especially near high density

                  areas.

                        It shall be the policy of the Council to ensure a continuing supply of
                  good  potable water for the entire Tampa Bay Region. In addition, wherever

                                                        11-18

               desirable and attainable, a standard of water quality should be achieved that
               allows for the protection and propagation of fish, shellfish, and wildlife and
               provides for recreation in and on the waters in the region.

                     It shall be the policy of the Council to plan for and support an efficient
               system of ports and waterways designed to serve the goods movement,
               passenger and recreation water transportation needs of the Tampa Bay
               Region. Toward this end:

                           Port development and expansion for passenger movement as well as
                           goods movements is encouraged.

                           Port facilities and waterways should be developed to          assure an
                           optimum balance      between    economic    costs   and benefits      and
                           environmental and social costs.

                           Coordination and development of ground transportation facilities
                           that efficiently serve port facilities are encouraged.

                           Regional and local port development and expansion plans should
                           protect needs for port and water-related industrial expansion and
                           relate these needs to other uses of the waterways.

                           It shall be the policy of the Council to recognize the region's
                           coastal zone as a unique resource upon which constant and
                           competing   demands are being made in terms of its vital
                           environmental, economic, social and cultural significance to the
                           health, safety and welfare of the region's residents.       Furthermore,
                           it shall be the policy of the Council to encourage and promote
                           sound coastal management to ensure that maximum long-term
                           benefits are attained in the use of the coastal zone by and for the
                           region's residents.

                                                       11-19

                  LOCAL STATUTES AND PERMITS

                  Manatee County

                  Land Use          Policy:   All development permitted within corridors shall be
                  Element           compatible with existing adjacent uses in the applicable
                                    sector, village, or industrial area, considering factors such
                                    as land use intensity, scale, adequacy of public facilities and
                                    services, and the potential for nuisances.

                  Conservation      Objectives: Locate activities which do or may emit pollutants,
                  E lement          including noxious odors, excessive noise, and others, so as
                                    to minimize the adverse effects of these pollutants upon
                                    surrounding areas.

                                    Promote the efficient use of water resources in agriculture,
                                    industry, and urban development.

                                    Policy:   Because industry can produce high levels of noise,
                                    protection should be provided to contiguous land uses.

                  Port              Goals:    Provide port facilities which serve the needs of
                  Element           industry, and encourage environmentally acceptable
                                    port-related industrial development that will provide a
                                    diversified tax base and create jobs that can utilize local

                                    manpower resources.

                                    Provide a port facility that is responsive to the region and
                                    the community and its needs and that specifically will
                                    endeavor to minimize its own and its surrounding port-related
                                    industries' adverse environmental effects.

                                    Objectives: Construct cargo handling facilities which minimize
                                    pollution to the greatest degree technologically practicable.

                                                           11-20

                                   Encourage industrial development which minimizes the emission
                                   of pollutants.

                                   Review port development proposals for potential effects on
                                   Bishop's Harbor.

                 Land Use          Goal: Provide for the best possible distribution of land use,
                 Element           by type and intensity, in support of the social, cultural and
                                   economic needs of the present and future resident and tourist
                                   population in a manner which would maintain or improve the
                                   quality of the natural and man-made environment.

                 Conservation      Goal:   Protect and enhance the community's environment by
                 Element           protecting sensitive areas from irreversible commitments and
                                   by minimizing the effect of pollutants.

                                   Policy:    In recognition of the endangered status of the
                                   Florida manatee and that the County is the manatee's
                                   namesake, the County shall encourage the protection of the

                                   manatee and its habitats.

                 Coastal Zone      Goals:    Restore, maintain and enhance the coastal zone

                 Protection environment.
                 Element           Avoid coastal management practices within the coastal zone
                                   which can create serious or irreversible consequences and
                                   base coastal management practices on conservation of coastal

                                   values.

                                   Policies:   Marine grass bends, mangrove forests, and tidal
                                   marsh systems should be preserved to the fullest extent
                                   possible.   Modification should be considered only in the case
                                   of overriding public interest.

                                                           11-21

                                  Review for all development proposals in or adjacent to such
                                  ecologically sensitive areas as mangroves and tidal marshes
                                  shall include specific consideration of anticipated water quality
                                  and quantity changes, vegetative removal or restoration after
                                  development, and the consideration of cumulative effects of
                                  prior development in the area.

                                  There should be no open bulk storage of fertilizers,
                                  chemicals, pesticides, or other potentially polluting materials
                                  in floodplains.

                                  Special protective efforts should be made regarding the
                                  preservation of rare, endangered, or threatened species as
                                  identified by federal and state agencies and the habitat
                                  required to support these species in the coastal zone.

                                                        11-22

                                                     APPENDIX A

                                 TYPICAL OFFSHORE MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS

                    Foodstuffs    and    domestic,     laundry     and    medical   supplies:     for   f ully
                    comprehensive catering and accommodation facilities.
                    Films, periodicals, and magazines: for recreation facilities.
                    Fuel: to operate power plants, vehicles, and helicopters.
                    Water: for domestic purposes (potable), and for drilling fluids and coolants.
                    Lubricants and greases: for engines, pumps, generators, compressors,
                    winches, motors, hydraulic systems, and other uses.
                    Paints: for interior and exterior structural maintenance, deck protection,
                    plant maintenance, and other uses.
                    Gases: for diving, welding, and other purposes.
                    Hoses: for water, fuel., and bulk chemical transmission, circulating hoses,
                    fire hoses, and general purpose hoses.
                    Wire, synthetic rope, and manila rope: for cranes, barge mooring systems,
                    drilling lines, tension systems, vessel moorings, general purpose lashings.
                    Cargo handling equipment: for onshore /offshore cargo operations, i.e.,
                    hooks, slings, shackles, nets, baskets, chains, pallets, waterproof covers,
                    food containers, load binders, and transit tank for helicopter fuel.
                    Safety clothing: for workers offshore and onshore, e.g., boots, gloves,
                    goggles, helmets, and foul weather clothing.
                    Safety equipment: for firefighting and other safety functions, e,g,               '   gas
                    detectors,    breathing     apparatus,    resuscitators,     flash   lights,   lif erafts,
                    lifeboats, life jackets, flares, lifelines and nets.
                    Welding equipment: for a range of welding tasks, including maintenance
                    repairs, tool dressing, pipework and fabrication, e.g., welding machines,
                    rods, conductors, and other equipment.
                    Pipe (not drilling tubulars): for air, water, fuel, and other services.
                    Pipe fittings: for miscellaneous uses, e.g., unions, couplings, and pressure
                    controllers.
                    Marine equipment: for boats and offshore facilities, e.g., mooring anchors,
                    buoys and chains, riser wires, miscellaneous cordage and terminal fittings,
                    chain stoppers, barometers,          chronometer, anemometer, wave recorder
                    portable radios, tension metering equipment for main mooring system, and
                    navigational charts.

                                                             AA- 1

                  Navigational aids and helipad: for helicopters and offshore facilities, e.g.,
                  navigation lights, helipad lights, landing nets, illuminated wind socks, and
                  safety nets.
                  Engineering tools: for interior and exterior uses on facilities and in
                  engineering workshops.
                  Electrical: for interior and exterior uses on facilities.
                  Spares and service engineers: to support continuous operation of the main
                  offshore equipment.

                                                     AA- 2

                                            APPENDIX B

                             OIL SPILL REACTING AGENT AGREEMENT

                     Port Manatee Environmental Protection Corrnittee (hereinafter called

                ..Committee") and A & A Coastal Pollution Cleanup Services, Inc. (hereinafter

                called ','A & A Coastal") hereby agrees as follows:

                     1. The Committee shall utilize the services of A & A Coastal as the

                          Reacting Agent for the containment of all oil spills for which the

                          Comnilittee has been requested to respond, whether it be on water

                          and/or land within Port Manatee.

                          A & A Coastal agrees to directly invoice the responsible party for

                          services performed and not the Committee. A & A Coastal shall not

                          charge a Committee member for the use of equipment owned by the

                          Committee.

                     2.   A & A Coastal shall store and maintain at Port Manatee the following

                          equipment and-materials:

                          Sorbents

                          5 boxes - 3M oil sorbent type 151

                          5 boxes - 3M oil sorbent type 1.56

                          5 rolls - 3M oil sorbent type 100

                          5 bales - 3M sorbent type 270

                         10 boxes - oil snare

                         14 ft. Jon Boat & motor

                          5 Dip nets

                          3" high pressure pump

                     A &  A Coastal shall use Committee owned equipment when available. Additional

                equipment and materials will be made available by A & A Coastal when and if

                required at the spill site, by approval of the On-Scene-Coordinator.

                                                      AB - 1

                     3. The Committee shall provide adequate space, up to 1/2 acre, at Port

                         Manatee for A & A Coastal to store above equipment and materials.

                         Storage space provided by the Committeee shall be at no expense to

                         A & A Coastal. A & A Coastal shall be responsible for the equipment

                         and shall protect and indemnify the Committee and its member

                         companies against all claims for damage and/or loss of A & A Coastal's

                         equipment and/or materials stored at Port Manatee in accordance

                         with this agreement.

                     4.  A & A Coastal agrees to perform the work described in this agreement

                         as an independent contractor and not as a subcontractor or employee

                         of the Committee or any of its agents or members. The Committee

                         retains no control or direction over A & A Coastal and its employees,

                         and A & A Coastal, its agents, members, employees, subsidiaries, officers.

                         or directors, upon acceptance of this agreement, agrees to release,

                         indemnify and hold the Committee, its agents, members, officers or

                         directors free and unharmed against any claims and liabilities what-

                         soever, whethee or.not due to or caused by negligence of Committee,
                         its agents, members, officers or directors, arising out of or in

                         connection with the performance of the desribed work by A & A Coastal,

                         its employees or subcontractors, and resulting in damages to property,

                         personal injury or death.

                     5.  A & A Coastal represents that it has and will maintain in force, at its

                         sole expense, for the term of this agreement, insurance in such amounts

                         and in such form as A & A Coastal deems appropriate and adequate under

                         the circumstances. A & A Coastal shall furnish to the Committee Certificates

                         of Insurance evidencing coverage.

                                                   AB-2

                        6. This agreement shall become effective on the date executed by both
                            parties and shall remain in force for a period of two (2) years
                            and from year to year thereafter, provided, however, that either
                            A & A Coastal or the Corixlittee may terminate this agreement at anytime
                            during the term hereof by giving ninety (90) days written notice to
                            the other party, Breach of this Contract by either party shall render
                            this agreement immediately null and void.
                        7.  This agreement contains all the terms and conditions agreed upon by the
                            parties hereto, and no.other agreements, oral or otherwise, regarding the
                            subject matter of-this agreement shall be deemed to exist or to @bind

                            either of the parties.

                            A & A COASTAL POLLUTION CLEANUP SERVICES, INC.

                                                                                    DATE:'.@
                            BY: =

                            ATTEST:                          r)                     DATE:

                            ATTEST:                                                 DATE:

                            PORT MANATEE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION COMMITTEE

                            BY:.                                                    DATE:
                            ATTEST:               /7RF.                             DATE:

                            ATTEST:                                                 DATE:

                                                          AB-3

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                                                                                GENERAL PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL
                                                                                WATER QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS
                                                                                            TAMPA / MANATEE

                   Parameter                             TPA           TPA           TPA          TPA           TPA            TPA             TPA         MAN            MAN
                                                         I-A           2-A           3-B          4-B           5-B            6-B             7-C         I-A            2-13        STANDARD**_
                   Temperature                           25            23            24           25            24             25              24          26             25
                     (00
                   Salinity                              26            28            28           28            27             27              35          34             34
                     (PPt)
                   PH                                    8.2           8.1           8.0          7.9           8.2            8.1             7.4         7.9            6.6

                   Dissolved Oxygen                      3.2           4.6*          4.2          2.2           5.2            3.6             5.5         4.6            5.4              4
                -- (mg/1)                                                                     I
                   Dissolved   Oxygen                    45            63            58           31            72             51              79          68             79               -
                      (Z Saturation)
                   Turbidity                             8.5           15.0          17.3         P.O           12.5           4.5             1.3         8.1            7.5
                      (NTU)
                   Conductivity                          368           363*          370          369           350            371             440         430            420
                        mhos)

                                                                                                                            40.
                   Ammonia                           0.10    0.01 @0.01           O.OV    -   <0.01          <O.OI             01          @:0.01         0.01         <0.01            0.02
                      (moll)
                   Nitrate                           0.07    0.02 0.08 0.01       0.06 0.01 o.o6       0.01 0.06     0.01 0.04      0.01   0.04   0.01    0.04  0.01 ).03       0          -
                      (niq
                   Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen           0.4     0.1   0.2     0.1    0.3    0.1    0.09   0.02 0.2       0      0-3-          0.07 0.03      0-1*   -      0.1*    -
                      (MQ/1)
                   Phosphate                         0.57    0.01 0.59 0.03       0.51 0.01     0.58   0.04 0.57     0.01    0.51   0.01   0.09   0.01    0.21  0.02    0.23   0.02        -
                      (mg/1)
                   Total Phosphorus                  0.59    0.06 0.69 0.01       0.56 0.01     0.63   0.02 0.60     0.02    0.59   0.03   0.31   0.03    0.28  0.02    0.28   0.02        -

                   Total Organic Carbon              8.5     0.7   7.9     0.2    9.11   0.4    6.7    1.0     8.7   0.2     5.6"    -     4.6    0.9     5.1   0.3     5.0    0.2
                      (-/1) ---                                                I
                   Biological Oxygen Demand          1.9     0     2.4     0.5    2.6    0.1    1.8    0.1     2.6   0.3     2.f     -     1.3    0.4     2.0   0.2     3---)  0.7

                   Total Suspended                                                       3      16     0.6                                 8.5    1.4     19     2      23
                                                                -F                            _L85 5 38 4
                                      Solids         45"           93      4      21                   o.6

                  REMARDS:

                     k mean of surface and bottom
                   ** water quality standards for selected parameters in predominantly marine waters, Chapter 17-3, Flori(la Administrative Code for Class III waters.
                 NOTES:    1) Units for standard are         /I for this parameter.
                           z) tor parameters listed below "conductivity", the left colunin contains the mean and the right column contains the standard deviation of
                               replicate samples for each station.

                                                                                             ORGANIC WATER QUALITY
                                                                                          AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
                                                                                                    TAMPA/MANATEE

                                                            TPA I-A       TPA 2-A       TPA 3-B       TPA 4-B       TPA 5-B       TPA 6-B       TPA 7-C       MAN I -A      MAN 2-B
                 Wg/Liter                                 MEAN                         MEAN..        MEAN          MEAN   (T    MEAN           -MEAN          MEAN         MEAN     T    STANDARD* -_

                 Pesticides

                   Mirex                                  <O-03        <0.03    ---   <0.03         -cO.03       <0.03          -0-03          <0.03  ---  <0.03    ---  <0.03             0.001

                   Toxaphene                              <0.25   ---  <0.25          -0.25         -0.25   ---  <0.25    ---   <0.25          <0.25  ---  <0.25    ---  <0.25    ---      0.005

                   DDT                                    <0.01   ---  <0.01    ---   @0.01   ---    0.01   ---  @0.01    ---   @0.01          -0.01@ ---  <0.01    ---  @O.Oi             0.001

                   Aldrin                                 @0-005       -0-005                        0.005       -0-005         -0.00          '0.005 ---  <0.005        -0.00    ---
                                                                                    -[10..005                                                                                              0.003
                   Chlordane                              -0.2    ---           ---    0.2    ---   <0.2         <0.2           -0.2    ---    cO.2   ---  <0.2          -0.2              0.004
                                                                       <0.2

                   Other Chloronated (DDE)                                ---                        ---    ---    ---    ---   ---     ---    ---    ---     ---   ---    ---
                 PCB's                                    1<0.251 ---  <0.25    ---   <0.251  ---   <0.25   ---  <0.25    ---   <O.'           0.251  ---  1<0.2S                 --- 1    0.001

                 Phenols

                   2 - chlorophenol                       C0.1    ---  @0.1            ---    ---    ---           ---    ---   ---            -0.1        <0.1     ---    ---    ---

                   phenol                                 <1.0    ---  @1.0            ---    ---    ---    ---    ---          ---     ---    <1.0        <1.0     ---    ---

                   2,4 - dichlorophenol                   @0.05   ___  @0-05    ---    ---    ---                         ---   ---     ---    1<0. 05 --- <0.05    ---    ---    ---       ---

                   2,4,6 - trichlorophenol                <0.07   ---  <0.07    --- ---       --- ---       --- ---       - ---         ---    <0.07  ---  -0.07    ---    --- ---          ---

                   4 - chloro-m-cresol                    @1.0    ---  @1.0     ---    ---    ---    ---                  ---   ---     ---    <1.0   ---  < 1'. 0         ---    ---       ---

                   2,4 - dinit@ophenol                    @0-7    ---  <0.7     --- ---       --- ---       --- ---                            0.7    ---    0.7    --- ---
                   pentachlorop,henol                     '0.04        <0 * 04                                                          ---    <0.04  ---  En              ---    ---       ---
                 NOTES:
                 * Water quality standards for selected parameters in predominantly marine waters, Chapter 17-3, Florida Administrative Code for Class III waters.

                                                                                                                            INORGANIC WATER QUALITY
                                                                                                                                     CHARACTERISTICS
                                                                                                                                       TAMPA/MANATEE

                                                                                       TPA-IIA              TPA-2A              TPA-38              TPA-1-B             TPA-511             TPA-6B                TPA-7C               !4AN- I A            MAN-2B
                               ug/L i ter                                            MEAN                                     MEAN                      m     OT        MEAN       (T       MEAN                  MEAN        (T      MEAN               MEAN         Cr     'STANDARD
                                                                                                                                                 N/A r
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  ---       ---       ---         ---                            r pCi/I
                               Radium 226

                               All L i mony                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  0.2     ng/I

                               Arsenic                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       0.05 mg/I

                               Cadni i um                                           0.07 0.01            0.09 0.01             0.12       0.01      0.07 0.02           0.07       m6       o.0,                  0.04      0.01      0.04        ---     0.04      0.01     5.0 Pg/l

                               Chromi um                                              1.9           0.3  1.3           0.7     ---        ---       ---      ---        ---        ---      ---         ---       0.55 0.15           0.53        0.io.              ---     0.05 mq/1
                               Copper                                                1.4            0.2  0.5    1      0       0.53       0.03      0.6      0.1        o.47       0        0.50,     0.14        0.44      o.v       o.49        0.112   1.1        0.1     0.015 111g/I

                               Iron                                                  390            80   8so           50    1000         61        64o      I 5q__     44o        110      280          70       190         2S      SID         SS     740

                               Lead                                                  0.76           0.06 0.77          0.10    2.0        0.2       0.6      o.i        0.72       0.01,    0.39 0.05             0.28 0.05           0.25        0.05    0.27 0-0@ 0.05 mg/I
                               MercurV                                               0.1            0   <0.1           ---  <0. I         ---  1<0.1       --- <0.1                ---     <0.1                 <0.1        ---       <0. I       ---   <0.011       ---     0.1         /1

                               14 i c ke 1                                            1.1   1       0.1  1.1           0.1                0.24      1.5    0.1          1.2        0.3      0.87 o.j6           0.32        0.07      0.41   10-03       0.46      0.06      0. 1 m(j1 I

                               S i I ver                                          < 0 . 0 1         --- < 0. 0 1       ---     ---                  ---      ---                   ---      ---         ---    :0.01        ---       0.01     ---       ---        ---      0.005 mg/I

                               Zinc                                                    24           4    23            4   1  38          4       27         8      1   24    1 5        1  22     1   2           36*      ---       21          5      130         15      0.03 n1rill
                               F I uo r i de                                         1  .1  1       0.1  1.2           0.1     1.1        CIA       1.1                     1      0.1   1 1.1 1 0.1-             1.0       0.1       0.9         0        1.0               5.0 111(1/1

                                  mean determined from 2 repi icate                         values
                                   Station TPA-411 only
                            N/A Data not available at this time

                            REMARKS:
                               1) Water quality standards for selected parameters in predominantly marine waters, Chapter 17-3, Florida Administrative Code for Class III waters.

                                                                                            GENERAL PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL

                                                                                         SEDIMENT QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS
                                                                                                       TAMPA/ MANATEE

                            Biological Oxygen Demand               TPA-)A       TPA-2A        TPA-38        TPA-4B       TPA-58        TPA-6B         TPA-7C        MAN-)A       MAN-2B
                                (Mg 02/1)
                            Biological Oxygen Demand
                                (mg 02/1                         36oO   310    1100  290    3300 61o      6300    57    26oo   120     2609  310    ---     ---   6400    li0o W,OO 290`0
                            Nitrate - N                                                                                                                     ---   0.90
                                                                   1.8  0.1    0.72  0.0          _@.2!_                                                                  OO8.--O.S7 _a@5L
                            Phospha le
                                (Ing / I )                       2900   450 1  3800" ---    4100 640      7400    810   2700 1310      3500  710 1  ---     ---   3100    510 1 2900     610
                            Specific Gravity                     2.78   0.05   2.47  0.03    2.66  0.03   2.41    0.04  2.71   0.07    2.84  0.03   zz-     ---   L-2_2   0- 02  2.76   0.03
                                TKN
                                (mg                              3200   400     790          3400   520   5400    200   1300   260     22oo   4oo   ---     ---   2000    ---    72JO    210
                            Total Organic Carbon
                                (mcl                             230                       _!3OOO  ---            00   20000   10      4ooo  5600   ---     ---   28000         31000  11000
                                                                    00  2600--IZQO   1700                 41000   6        __00      2                                    5700
                            Total Phosphorus
                                (mg                               3100  300     300   3 0     500  57o    81oo   1100   3200    120                 ---     ---   4600    600    50001
                            Total Solids
                                                                 24.5   1.9    43.6  6.2  1  28.3  4.3    17.4    1.2                               ---           24.0    2.3

                                   Notes: * Mean determined from 2 replicate values

                                                                                                  ORGANIC SEDIMENT QUALITY
                                                                                                            TAMPA/ MANATEE

                                                                         TPA-]A          TPA-2A        TPA-3B          TPA-4B         TPA-5B          TPA-6B        TPA-7C         MAN-]A        MAN-2A

                           ppm (dry basib)                               M E AN  CF    MEAN 1    0'   MEAN      07   MEAN I    T    MEAN      CT   MEAN I     a    MEAN     (T     MEAN I  a'    MEAN
                           Pesticides                                                                                                                     I

                               Mirex                                     0.001   ---   0.001   ---    0.001          0.001   ---    0.001 ---      0.001           ---    ---      0.001 ---     0.001  ---

                               Toxaphene                                 0.02    ---   0.02    ---    0.02           0.02    ---    0.02    000    0.02    ---     ---    ---      0.02  ---     0.02

                               DDT                                       0.0011  --- 1 0.001   ---   1 0.001       1 0.00,   ---    0.0011  ---    0.001   ---   I ---    ---   1 0.001  ---     0-0011  --- I
                               Aldrin                                    0.001   ---   0.001   ---    0.001          0.001   ---    0.0011  ---    0.001   ---     ---    ---      0.001 ____ 0.0011-
                                                                                                                                                      1,2
                               Chlordane,                                om6     ---   om6     ---    0.006          0.006   ---    om6     ---    om6     ---     ---    ---      0.006 ---     0.006  ---

                               Other Chlorinated (DOE)                   --- ---        --- ---        --- ---       0.001   ---                           ---     ---    ---      --- ---       --- ---

                           PCB's                                         0.002,        0.002          0.002 ---      0.001   ---    0.002   ---    0.002           ---    ---      0.002 ---
             tz)           Oil and Grease                             I 20OV-1           835*1       1 --- ---        --- ---        --- ---                       ---    ---      820    UO     ---

                           Phenois

                               phenol                                    0.2     ---   0.2     ---    0.2      ---   0.2     ---    0.2     ---    0.2     ---     ---             0.2   ---
                               2 - chlorophenol                          0.02    0.01  0.01    ---    0.01           0.01    ---    0.01    ---    0.01                            0.01  ---     0.01

                               2,4 - dichlorophenol                      0.1     ---   0.1     ---    0.1            0.1            0.1                                   ---      0.1   ---     0.1     ---

                               2,4,6 - trichicrophenol                   0.01          0.01    ---    0.01           0.01    ---    0.01    ---    0.01            ---    ---      0.01          0.01    ---

                               4 - chlorc,-m-cre-@ol                     0.2     ---   0.2     ---    0.2            0.2     ---    0.2     ---    0.2                    ---      0.2           0.2     ---
                               2,4 - dinitropt,criul                     0.3           0.3     ---    0.3            0.3     ---    0.3     ---    0.3     ---     ---    ---      0.3   ---     0.3     ---
                               pentachlorophenol                           0071 ---    0.0051  ---   1 0.                           0.005   ---   I 0.00d  --- ---        ---      0.-1        1

                           NOTES:
                               1) Observed in one replicate only.
                               2)  Possible trace (TR) observed in one replicate only.
                               *   Mean determined usIng 2 replicatu values.

                                                                                                   INORGANIC SEDIMENT QUALITY

                                                                                                              CHARACTERISTICS
                                                                                                               TAMPA/IVIANATEE

                                                                        TPA-IA           TPA-2A          TPA- 3B         TPA-4B           IPA-58         TPA-68          TPA-7C           MAN- I A         MAN-2B
                                      J)PI11 (dry basis)                MEAN      cr     MEAN    T       MEAN      (3    ME AN     0-   MEAN      a-     MEAN     a      MEAN             MEAN      ()7    MEAN

                                      Aluminum                          2200   150       1300    300     2200      150   36oo   500     3600    290      3500   210      ---    ---       1800    2!0      1900    310

                                      Antimony                          NA        NA     NA      NA      NA        NA    NA        NA     NA      NA     NA       NA     ---              NA        NA     NA      NA

                                      Arsenic                           NA        NA     NA      NA      NA        NA    NA        14A    NA      NA     NA       NA            ---       NA        NA     NA      NA

                                      Cadmium                           2.2    o.2       o.96 0.21       1.4 0.25        3.6    o.4o o.6o       o.ii     1.5    0.3             ---       o'.64 0.10       0.65    0.35

                                      Chromium                          100       to     54.5    ---                     ---    ---     ---     ---      ---    ---      ---    ---       57        4      ---     ---

                                      Copper                            13C       6      4.o     1.0     6.6       1.1   22.0   ---       5.3     1.7    14       3      ---    ---       10        1      to

                                      F I uor i de                      14        3      8.1     1.1     23        5     62        3      13      1      20       4                       __22      -3             _2_

                                      Iron                              190GO  1500 7500         610 14000 1500 22000 2000 24000                1000     12000           ---    ---     14ooo     looo  14009      36oo

                                      Lead                              IN        10     7'. 5   1.6     15        4     Lio       6    14        4      45                               _to__     1      10      2

                                      Mvrcury                           1.2    0.4       0.20    0.05    0.55      0.05  1.21      0.2  0.69    0.13     0.42   0.08     ---              0.29   0.06      0.31

                                      Nickel                            47        8      9.3     2.7     14.             26     ---     16@';   ---      11       3                       12        1      17      6

                                      Silver                            O.c@2 0.07       0.21    o.04    ---       ---   ---                                                              0.20 0.04
                                      zilic                             132U 1 25 1      29  1 ---    152    1     6 1   16o 1 1.     1   31  1   3      1180- 1                          77   1. 9    1   32      9

                                                         Notes:         mcan determined from 2 replicate values
                                                                   NA   refers to data presently not available

                                                                                                                                      APPENDIX E

                                                                                                                                                                              7
                                                 it               s/ -.3 91-1 Izi;                19                                                                          24                     R IL,
                                                                                                                                                  25
                                                                                                                                      22
                                                 F1 4.ec 1154 4M-I
                                                                  S 1                      1-05%                                      23
                                                                                           Ispoil                                                                             14                  A,
                                                                                                  %                                   23          C 7ci-                                   91
                                                                  14                       1      ; %                                             27 if                       .14          c                                                      16
                                                                                 1120      1Area                                      SSW                                     I            ) P
                                                                                                                                      %2.1                                    1* n P al'it
                                                                                                                                                                                                                         17
                                                                                                                                      25
                                                                  13             , 1'.     , - -., - - - .0                                                                                           .IQk    F1 224                               12
                                                                                 r23
                                                                    221                           24                                  20                                                   1             16              1
                                                 13                                        24     26                                              20                                                                                              14
                                                                  20                                                                  29 /27                                  /23                                                                      12
                                                 1                  3                                                                 of                                                   11%, 16                       15         14                               7
                                                                                                                                                  3                                                           15
                                                                                                                                                  @;j I
                                                                                                                                      267         12
                                                 to               22                                                                                                          17           &
                                                                                                                                                                                           I
                                                                                           27                                         1                                                               14                 14                       Is
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        10           4
                                                                                                                                                                                           14
                                                 8                               26                                                   21V                                     21 is
                                                 21               24 @                                                                /,Z*                                    'E Int 6s*c 59tt
                                                                                 't @                                                 //1         11                          2                                   16
                                                                                           27 /? G 4-1                                                                                            15                                              139
                                                                                                                                                                                           14
                                                                                                                                                  124                                                         17
                                                 25               2                               / #                                 /                                       22 21                                                                          .1  -.3
                                                                                           27 /@U25 "#1                                                                                                                                           9
                                                                                 It        if %,                                      n2jm If                                                     Is                     16
                                                                                                  if                                  J,                                                                                                          14
                                                                                                                                                                                           It
                                                                                                                                                                              22 21                                                               9
                                                                  29             -4127                                                19*nG                                                      to                        is                                1
                                                 27.                                                                                  'm                                                                      17                                  2
                                                                                 .61                                                  RV
                                                                                                                                                                              24 22                                      Is
                                                                                                                                                                                           19
                                                                                           2",                                        24          if                                                                                              If2            1
                                       26                                                  2 -1 tor                                               I/                                             Is
                                                                  28                       0                                          %                                                                                                           5
                                                                    .0           f I       fs,!@:                                     %
                                                                                                                                      %                                       %
                                                                                                                                                  C13,
                                                                                 /27                                                                                                       19 [a
                                                                                 if                                                               23                                                                            10                6
                                                                                           t&*                                        , fA4-69- ", % 4@                                                                                           .
                                                                                 A@48.                                                            N @, o                                   1                  15         11                       ..
                                                 25                                                                                                                                                                                               0.4.
                                                                  C'w",
                                                                  26,                                                                 %
                                                                                                                                                  %
                                                                                                                                      At 6%ec 55ft '20                        4@@ FI 4sec 12ft"S"                             6
                                                                                           /27                                        El                                      % ,
                                                 25/ /26                                                                                                                      16
                                                                                                                                      22/         1%,                         %
                                                                                                                                      23                                                                                         ....... ...      I
                                                                                           27
                                                                                                                                                  A-6
                                                                                 All                                                  24                                      17           13
                                                 //27             /
                                                                                                                                                                                           A                                                           Pt y
                                                                                                                                      21                                                                                      2
                                                                                 /21 A'
                                                 24l              .1,
                                                                  Qk Ff 25ft
                                                                                                                                      23
                                                                                                                                                                              12                              3
                                                                  11                       25                                                     17
                                                                                                                                      Is                                                   5
                                                                                                                                                                              F1
                                                                                                                                                                              vt
                                                                  "24                                                                 20                                                                      1 . '!, -                           fA.T
                                                                                                                                      16 At.                                  7                 's                       J5 fe rep
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  MA1VAXGX
                                                                                 21                                                                                           9            -6                      w       1975
                                                                                           Is                                         14                                                   3           1                                          Qk F1 G 524
                                                 21                                                                                               14                          6
                                                                  19
                                                                                                                                      14
                                                 Is                 Is                            13                                                                          35                              0
                                                                                                                                      E Int 6sec 59ft 10                                   5   1                                                           Occ G
                                                                  17                       ----------------                                                                                4

                                                                                 LEGEND-

                                                                  Is CONIIIIINED SAMPLE                                               FOR TESTS A

                                                                  A CONNED SAMPLE                                                     FOR TESTS B                                          FEASIBILITY REPORT
                                                 RWA RECEIVMG VATFR                                                                                                           MANATEE HARBOR, HORIDA
                                                 RWB                                                                                                                          SOIL AND WATER SAIMPLE TEST

                                                                                                                                                                                             INDEX MAP
                                                                  4

                                                                  ,4

                                                                                                                                                                              @6.

                                                                  GETWEEN 611YS 1                                                     8                                       DE PAR 1 PA F. N T 0 F T @i C                                       H M I
                                                                  BEIVE14 lullys 9                                                    10                                      JACKSONVILk F        Ti-I T. COUP', 0
                                                                                                                                      AE-1                                                 JA(                           f i Oki 04

                                                                                                                                                                              D 0 FILF NC) ')7                                                    P1 ATF El

           mmmmm mmmmm

                                      11PARTUNT OF THE Any. SOUTH ATLiNTIC DIVISION LA89RATORY
                                      MAPS OF lkaliaEAS, III SOUTH COO# DAIVE. BARIETTA. GA.                                                                            30061

                                                                       U. L STANDARD WlYt OPE)" N 90=                                                U. S. STANDARD SIM NUMBERS                                                                HYDAMET"
                                                                                         Z    if-- I       I      I 1          3    4     6      1 10     14 16    20 30 40          50 70 100 140 200

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             10

                                               70-
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             30

                                               60 ---

                                               40

                                               30                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            70

                                               20-

                                               to-
                                               0-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                =100
                                               wo                           100          50                          to            5                            1          O's                          0.1         005                          0101       O.ODS                        0001
                                                                                                                                                      GPAN SIZE In MILLIMETERS
                                                             C09BLES                                  GRAYU                                                             SmD                                                                   SILT OR CLAY
                                                 I                                                         I         r549                                                                    nmt
                                           UMV4    P+0-            Eift  w DeM                                    CW40kallon                               me wX I          LL            PL             A                          JACKSORVILLL DISTRICT
                                                                                            Gray fat clay (CH) w1th                                 a 104-9i                                                       Pm0l             Manatee Harbor Proiecl
                                                                                          little gravel size, coarse-                                                                                                               1.3b. No. 3S-350
                                                                          -7
                                                          4:4                                                                                                                                                                                                  14:

                             >                                                            medium sand size chell fragments                                                                                         Atu

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           CB-KrH-A
                                                                                                GRADATION CURVES                                                                                                                       25 May 1977
                             NJ

                                                                                                                                                                        :edimentation rates reported on SAI-) Form 3023.

                                                                         Tfw 44 MINUTES

                                        0.-1 0.2     0.5   1     2       5    to   ^20    50    IGO  200     500 1000  2000
                                                                         NOTES:
                                                                         1. Test specimens (50 gns/liter an@@
                                                                         100 gms/liter) suspendad in sea water
                                                                         (salinity about 10 PPT) in 100 cm
                                                                         long bottom withdrawal tubes.
                                                                         2. Suspended sediment-time curves
                                                                         represent the contact surface betweer,
                                                                         the sediment still in 3uspension and
                                                                         the "clear" wat@tr on top at the
                                                                         elapsed time indicated.
                                                                         3- See gradation curve and other data
                                                                         on ENG Form 2087.
                                                          11

                                                                          i NJ I1116i I I

                                 a   80

                                 Ca                                             Ii K

                                 'a  tio
                                 r.

                                 -01                                             It
                         ;C

                                     40
                      P4 W
                                 00

                                     20
                                                                                                   L

                                            *Moist Weight of Specimen                      r
                      0  0                 *-*Ftnal Concentration
                      I. M

                                        0.1  0.2    0.3    1    2        3    10   20     30    100 200      5w  1000  2000

                                                                         Tom CH A#*OJTES
                         0
                                 rml?a   JACI@SONVfLLF OTSTRICT,      Mptiarve Harbor Pr(jji--,r
                                          I-Ilh No                              Oerm             ---
                                                                                ft     -                     _5      1'@77

                                                                                                                        -17)
                                                          SUSPENDn SEDIMENT-TDAR CUnVES                    (TX-ANSt.UCVN
                                 iL%1) Fornt 3OZ3            GraJation curvv@. reported nii KN,; Forn,       6 PLATE E-3
                                   26 Oct 72

                                                                    AE - 3

                  = IM = m = m = = = = m m m m = m = m

                              @" I W I   loth, S`Snoo@l 9 %OWW Sol vllf6mnj ow wo f1v own 16"Saw"now.41
                                                III SOUTH C038 DRIVE. BARIETTA, GA.             30061

                                         U. L STMDA.M SM WEMG *1 0fCWS               U. I SWIDAAD SIEW NUMBERS                           NYD(V>;J(TEJt
                                         S   i 3    2      1         -1  3 4    6  1 to 14 16 20 30  40 50 70 100 140 200                                           .0
                          100                                                            1 1 111  1

                                                                                                                                                                    20

                             -T-
                           71

                           cc

                                                                                                                                                             --60

                           30                                                                                                                                       70

                                                                                                                                                                    ao

                           10

                                                                                                                                                                    100
                            0                                                                                                                                     noat
                            500       1     100                      10                             0*5            0.1    0.05             0.0    .005
                                                                                       GRAIN SIZE IN MILLIMETERS
                                     00aBLLS                GRAVEL                              SANO                                     SILT OR CLAY
                             I            --- - -             I      I'VIE
                         Sarr [.4 mo    Ewv (o,                   cu"Irksom                                                     JACKSONVILLE DISTRICT
                                                                                                    LL      PL      PI
                                                                                                                          Pycivi  Manatee Harbor Project
                                                     Grayish tan      poorly graded
                                                     shelly sand      (SP).    Shell is                                           Lab. No. 3S-359
                                                                                                                                             NOW5       fic 0,

                                                     gravel size,      coarse-mcdium                                      Aru
                                                     sand size.
                                                         Shell approx. 49%                                                aam mco.
                  r                                                                                                                    May 1977
                  T,                                                                                                      Do,      25
                                                        GRADATION CURVES                                                    to    --                                     -1
                                                                                                     Sedimentacion rate       reported on SAD Form 3023.
                      ENG            2087

                                                                                                  TIMI 04 MV4UTES
                                                   0 1     0.2       0.!       1      2           5    10      20 -50            100    200        Soo   1000 ),000
                                                                                                  NOTE  S
                                                                                                  1. Test specimens (50 gma/liter                        and
                                                                                                  IGO gms/liter) suspended In aea                        water
                                                                                                  (salinity about 10 ppT) in 100 cm
                                                                      I                           long bottom withdrawal tubes.

                                                                                                  2. Suspended aediment-time curves
                                                                                                  represent the contact surface between
                                                                                                  the sediment still in ausp-insion and
                                                                                                  the "clear" water on top at the
                                                                                                  elaosed time indicated.
                                                                                                  3. See gradation curve and other data
                                                                                                  on ENG Furm 2087-
                                                                                                  4@  1Pex-pgnt Sal:idt'11175,8 I             I  I i 1 :1,       1
                                                100
                                                                                                                          I   hil I III          I I   i I    H

                                          C3
                                                 80
                               .9
                                                                                                                              NI     I

                                                 60
                               94
                               0-4        x

                               x          CAD
                           >

                                          0

                           <
                           E 1                   20
                           0

                                                                                                                                     t
                                                                       +                                                      1111   T I
                                                   0                                                                                        1 5

                                                         *Mo I a it   Weight      of   Specimen          np                                 -
                                                         -*Final      Concentration                                                                      it I Ill
                           114                                                                                                                    . . . . . .
                                                                             -LL -------- L-j- I I I 1          2                        200
                                                           0.2       0.5       1      2           5     to       0        50      100                     low 2000

                           <                                                                      TWA IN kk**JTn
                           M.  C4
                           cd  0
                           ca  U                             JACK SONVILLE DISTRICT, ManAtee Harbor Project

                                                           1-tib. No. IS-359

                                                                          11,4.@A^1111 0*0,                                                DAIT     25           k4 7 7
                                                           MH-11-                                                                                        Hay
                                                                             SUSPENDED SEDL-iENT-TUIE CURVES                                      (I-KAINSWUNT @-l
                                          SAD Form         3023                                   Gracintio'l c-I rv.@@f,                              PLATE E-5
                                             26 Oct        72                                                                          rre(; "11 1

                                                                                             AE-5

                        WAN I XtM I ur in c Ann v , juum A I Lmn I I u W I I
                        CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 6 11 SOUTH COBB DRIVE. MARIETTA. GA.                               30061                 Req. No.      08-123-ENG-127-78
                                                                                                                                      Ref,    gp-(In Fp-78@185
                                             U I STWDARD SIM OPENMOG IN tICKS                  U. & STAJIWD SIEVE NUMBERS                                hl(Dpioumm
                                            6    4       2               4       3  4   6   8 10  14 16  20  30 40       ?0 100 140 200
                             10C

                              9C                                                                                                                                                        le-

                          U    0
                                                                                                                                                                                        ac

                              3mo

                                                                                                                                                                                        W

                                                                                                                                                                             --90
                               oE-
                               'In               110      !10               10      S                   1      05                 01     005                001     om                ozal
                                                                                                 GRAIN SIZE th M"IMETERS
                                       Meftrs                                                               SA140                                         SILT OR CLAY
                                                                                                      WORM                 nw
                                                                                                                                                    Jacksonville District
                          SA                                                                         90 W%      LL       PL        Fq               Port Manatee, Fla.
                                                           Black fat clay (0j) with             a   223.6                                pm"o
                                                                                                                                                                   F
                                                           little sand                                                                              Lab, No.     3  -482*
                  >                                                                                                                                 Between 7" & 8" Buoys

                  m
                                                                                                                                         gonrA ft
                                                               GRADATION CURVES                                                          DaU      26 June 1978
                       EHG     W"GA,"-, 2D87                        @cChemical Analysis reported on SAD                 Form 158-R
                                                                    *Sedimentation Rates reported on SAD Form 3023.

                                 00                                                                               TIM4 IN MIHI.Mt

                                                           0.1      0.2         0.3         1       2                    to         20        so       too       200        300     1 coo     2000
                                                                                                                  NOTES:                                                                       F
                          Z      P',                                                                              1. Test specimens (50 gme/liter and
                                                                                                                  100 Fma/liter) suspended in 3e& w&Eer
                                 C"  -4
                                                                                                                  (salinity about 10 ppT) in 100 cm
                                 @4                                                                               long bottom withdrawal tubes.
                                 C)                                                                               2. Suspended sediment-time curves
                                                                                                                  represent the contact surface between
                                 o   a
                                     $4                                                                           the sediment still In suspension and
                                     0                                                                            the "clear" water an top at the
                                 1'1* 14                                                                          elapsed time indicated.
                                                                                                                        See gradation curve and other data
                                                                                                                  on ENG Form 2087-
                                                                                                                  144 !jIP=.qent            totalIlSolids
                                                       lCO
                                                                                             ---,F

                                                                                                                  ,4
                                                                                                                  I  X1 1 11
                                                        80
                                                                                                                      IIN    I      I\     nh        I         I
                                 P. 0                                                                                 11 IN-        1             111          1 11    1      1
                                                                                                                                                                                          HII
                                                V                                                                                        ?
                                                73
                                                C       60

                                     :C
                                                                                                                                                AM             I
                                                0
                                                Aj       1@0                                                                                         N 1   1
                                     Ct
                                     M                                                                                                               "
                                                                                                                                                      I! IA      III

                                 <
                                                                                                                                                  I :IH     I      I

                                 0

                                                          0

                                                                  *Moist Weight of Specimen
                                     ;3
                                 0   f;                         **Final Concentration

                                     0                     0.1      0.2          0.3        1        2            3       10        20         50       1 Oo     200         140(,   1000 700,0
                                 CA                                                                               TIME W4 A"IAUTIES
                                 -4
                                 A.  nd
                                 W L9
                                 C3             Pw"CT          Jacksonville DisLrict,                             Port Manatee. Fin.
                                                AJt7A          Between 7" 6, 8" Bouvs                                           I.ab. No. 3E-1

                                                c1c"V.1a 1-0                           SAAV%f NO.                                                                          @O junc

                                                                                           SUSPENDED              SED]DiENT-TIME CURVES
                                                &AD form 3023                         ***Chemical                 Analysis reporred oii                        S A 1)    i ol ITATE E-7
                                                    26 0,c-t 72

                                                                                                           AE-7

                   CORPS OF ENGINEERS, 6 11 SOUTH COBB CRIVE. JAHI t I IA. UA. %I WW%f I       Ref. Reqn ED-78-185

                                 u. t sTAmwito saw oeEk1NG IN VXM   U S. V"AOARD SIEA MIJUSIERS              KYOGOACtEft
                                 6  4 3   2 if  1          3 4  6 4 10 14 16 20 30 40 50 _ 70 100 140 2w
                                             -I -T -

                      9C                                                                                                          IQ

                      ac

                      60

                      50

                                                                                                                                    r

                                                                                                                                  100
                                                                          1    05           0 1   005          Ul   OWS          QC01
                                                                     rRAIN Wf IN MIJAMETERS

                             L                                                                               SILT (A CLAY

                                  of rM.A.                k.,                   LL    PL     Ps        Jacksonville   District
                                           glack fat clay (CH) with     204. Ij                  P.Tots" Port Manargf-. Flnrida
              r-                           some sand                                                   Lab  No. 3E-483*
              >                                                                                        Between 9" & 10" Buoys
                i
              M

              M
              C@                              C;FZADA1 IuN CURVE@i                              =D. 26 June 1978
                                                   *Chemical Analysis reported on SAD Form 158-R.
                  ENG          2W7                 *Sedimentation Rates reported on SAD Form 3023.

              C-4        0.1 0.2 0.5 1  2    5  10, _20 ___ 50 too 200  Soo - I GOO 1000
             CO
             I-                      I       NOTES
             CILI                            1. Test: specimena (_90 gnI3/liter and
                            . ......         IGO gms/liter) suspended in sea water
             1@ C*4
             W                               (salinity about 10 ppT) in 1W cin
                                             long bottom withdrawal tubes.
             z                               2. Suspended sediment-time curves
             r:                              represent the contact surface between
             0'a                 I
                0                            the sediment still in suspension and
                                             the "clear" water on top at the
                               4 1' if -  I
                                             elapsed time indicated.
                                               See gradation curve and other data
                                 I  It       on ENG Form 2087
                                             t 11@29d@ht lt,ja@ Ld4
                        100

                                                                      T
                                                                 4
                        80

                     V

                        60

                     0
                     &j  40

                     CO
                tA

                                                                    i I I'd
                        20

              V, V,

                -0

                        0--

                           *Moist Weight of Specimen P
                It         **Final Concentration      J__

                         01 0.2  0.3 1  2    3   10 20 30  100 200  500 10M 200()

                                             TUW *4 M*AMS

                    POONCY Jacksonville District, POrL Manatee.
                    Al"    Between 9'& 10"Bouvs
                            -   .- F             D"TH
                        No.        "",z Mo.                    DAIT     1 (4 7
                        -,o rM 302:s SUSPENDED SEDIMENT-TIME CURVE-) (T,@LANSLUCEN-r 11
                      26 Gct 72      Chemical Analysis rOpOrLud -1 "A 0rTn P LATIE E-9

                                           AE-9

                                                                                                            DISTRICT

                                                                                                            Jacksonville
                              U. S. ARMY ENGINEER DIVISION LABORATORY, SOUTH ATLANTIC                       PROJECT
                                                    CORPS OF ENGINEERS                                      Manatee Harbor
                                                     MARIETTA, GEORGIA                                      COXTRACT 00.

                                                 CORRECTED REPORT*                                          DATE REPORTED
                                                 GEHERAL TEST REPORT                                        1 Apr 1977*
                                                                                                            WORK ORDER 00.
                                             (STANDARD ELUTRIATE TEST)                                      0506
                       DESCRIPTION                                                                          REQA. 40-08-123-ENG-79-77
                       SOURCE            Sediment and Water                                                 Ref. Reqn. No. 77-144

                       FOR USE AS:                                                                          -UATE 5AXF'U RECEIVED
                                                                                                            3-8-77
                       TESTED FOR:                                                                          LAO NO.
                                         Chcmical Analysis (See Below)                                      See Below

                                              MEETS                                                    FAILS
                                      El SPECIFICATIONS                                               SPECIFICATIONS (See below)

                               No.                                      3E357A          3E358               3E357B            3E359
                       Field Sample No.                            Receiving                                Receiving
                                                                        Water         Elutriate             Water           Elutriate
                                                                Disposal Site          CB-MTH-A       Disposal Site CB-MTH-B
                       Total Organic Carbon mg/1                        -7                12                9                     9
                       Nitrogen, Ammonia                 of             0.48               8.24             0.19                  0.80
                       Nitrogen, Kjeldahl                If             0.85               8.74             0.54                  0.80
                       061 and Grease                                   2.5                0.0              2.6                   0.0
                       Total Phosphorus as P                            0.229              0.362            0.280                 0.295
                       Ottho Phosphorus as P                            0.222              0.345            0.264                 0.175
                       Lead                            ug/l             5.5                7.0              6.0                   5.5
                       Zinc                              is             24                15                                      14
                       Mercury                                          < 0.5           < o.5           <0.5                  <0.5
                       Iron                                             18                26                13                    8.0
                       Cadmium                                          0.25*              1.1*             0.5*                  0.25*
                       Arsenic                                          <5               <5             <5                    <5
                       Chromium                                         7                 <5            <5                    < 5
                       Nickel                                           3                  4.5              3.0                   3.5
                       Copper                                           1.7                1.2              1.5                   1.3
                       Beryllium                         91             <0.25            <0.25          < 0. 25               < 0.25
                       Selenium                                         5                  5            < 5                   < 5

                         REMARKS:
                       *This corrects cadmium data and supersedes original report dated 31 Mar 1977.

                         REP09TED BY:            C] PH Oil E      C]WIRE           JL, JN, KB, DW                                 DW
                                                                                   TESTED BY                    CMECKED BY

                         VArl                                                      XAN7110 V1

                         SAD FORM 153-R               Previous editions of this fo m are obsolete.
                             10 OCT 73                                                                                      PLATE E-10

                                                                             AE-10

                                                                                                               D I -'I Ii, I CT

                                                                                                                 Jacksonvillu
                                  U. S. ARMY ENGINEER DIVISION LABORATORY, SOUTH ATLANTIC                     '-P@-um
                                                        CORPS OF ENGINEERS                                       POrt '-!,%iia tee       or id@'.
                                                         MARIETTA, GFORGIA                                     CONrR)..CT MO.

                                                                                                               DATE RE P@;fTFD
                                                     GENERAL TEST REPORT                                          26 june 1978
                                                                                                               wORA ORGER NO.
                                                   Standard Elutriate TeA                                         1.275
                                                                                                              'T 7--' -'T --0 12 3 - LNG-127-7
                                           Sediment and           Water                                                               7 P,
                            SOURCE
                                          Port ManaLee, Florida
                            FOR USE AS:                                                                        L)AIE 5,
                                                                                                                 I june 1978
                            TE.STEP FOU:                                                                       LAO MO.
                                                                 (noC J)Cj0%,f                                ISoo bQlc,-w

                                                  MEETS                                                    FAILS
                               => El              SPECIFICATIONS                                     0     SPECIFICATIONS (See bl@low)
                            Lab. No.                                          314 482                 3E   482*                  3E 483*
                            Field Sample          No.                         Rec. Water              Elutriate                  Elutriate
                                                                                                      Douy 7 & 8                 Bouy 9 & 10
                            Total Organic         Carbon           mg/l          7                        17                          25
                            Nitrogen, A=ronia                      mg/l       0.004                   1.20                       11.53
                            Nitrogen, Kjeldahl                                                                                   1.50
                                                                   mg/1       0.060                   0.200
                            Oil and Grease                         mg/1       1.0                     1.1                        1.0
                            Total Phosphorus as P                  mg/1       0.028                   0.700                      2.200
                            Ortho Phosphorus as P                  Mg/1       0.027                   0.650                      1.900
                            Lead                                   ug/l      4- 1                         1                           1
                            Zinc                                   ug/l          20                       18                          12
                            ',Ierc ury                             ug/l    < 0. 5                     0.5                        0.5.
                            Iron                                   ug/l          5                        26                          5
                            Cadrai=                                ug/l       0.8                     0.2                      4-0.2
                            Arsenic                                ug/l       5.0                    /-5.0                    z-i 5. 0
                            chromilzil                             ug/l       :. 6                       6
                            Nickel                                 ug/ 1      14                         3                            2
                            Copper                                 ug/1          1                    1.2                        0.5
                            Beryllium                              u g / 1    0.25                    0. 25                    --0.25
                            VanadiLn                               Ug/l          5                       4                            6

                            REMARKS:      *See gradation report on ENG Form 2057.
                                          *Sedimentation rates reported on SAD Form 3023.

                                                                                       IISTLO PT
                                                                                                                               Y
                            Pr fwrr(l Py.              PH oh           WIRE
                                                                                       .11. ,IN
                                                                                      -r
                            0& TT                                                      77=

                                                         f'r( vw,,5 di t onl@ of Ihi!, form 3,v t.%' 1, h.
                               i o c @ r ".,:i                                                                                   PLA T E E- I I

                                                                                 AE - 11

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             LLJ
                                                                                                                                                                                      77,
                             z

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             CL-
                                                  >                          SURVEY ANDMAPPING
                                                                                    I & M                                                                                                     SURVEYS ANDNIAPPING
                                                                             KONCOIC SIUMTS              PREPARE FOR PUBLIC METING                                                                   I &
                                                                                                                                       6
                                   PREPARE PLAN                             PLANNI',G AND DESIGN         PRE PA RE         P R TEPA RE          APPPO'/At Oc              PREPARE            DESIGN. COST FS] I.Wif
                                                         NoTiriwim/-
                              I     OF STUDY        2  Of INITIAMON     3    REAL [SMI. INPUT        4 DRAFT KPOR        FINAL REPORT      7  PHASE I R(P()RI                                 AND RE POPI PRE PA RAI ION
                                                        OF STUDIES          CULTURAL RESOURCES                                                                           CONFERENCE             REAL (STATE INPUT
                                                                                                                                                                                               CULTURAL
                                                                                    EIS REVIEW                        R

                                                                                                                   'A

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     CN

                                                                                                                                       cc                                             g

                                                                     SURVEY AND?JAPPING

                                                                            r & m

                                  PREPARE        APPROVAL                                            PREPARE         APPROVE                    SUPERVISE              FINAL                   WON
                               0  PHAS(II    11              12      DESIGN C St ESTIMATES      13   Pas       14     P & s     15      16  NITIAL MAINMANCI         INSPECTION     18     NIAINItNANCE
                                    GDM                                 REAL ESTATE INPUT

                                                                                                             L E G E N 0
                                                                                                                 TIME                                                                                   111ATEE, W111A
                                                                                               SfEp            (MONTHS)             FUND I NG                                                    MANATEE HARBOR CHANX(L
                                                                                                1-7                6                 54,000                                                              MAINTENAW
                                                                                                2-11               8                160,000
                                                                                               12-)4               6                140.000                                                               CPM FOR
                                                                                               15-18               6                450,000                                                A[    & D     AND CONSTRUCTION

                                                                          APPENDIX F

                                   FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF STATE
                                           George Firestone
                                             Secretary of State
                                         DIVISION OF ARCHIVES,
                                   HISTORY AND RECORDS MANAGEMENT
                                    The Capitol, Tallahassee, Florida 32301
                                             (904) 488-1480

              June 7, 1982                                     In Reply Refer To:

                                                               Mr. Louis Tesar
                                                               Historic Sites Specialist
                                                               (904)487-2333
              Ms. Jacqueline M. Zaborski, Research Librarian
              Gee and Jenson
              Engineers, Architects, Planners, Inc.
              2090 Palm Beach Lakes Boulevard
              Drawer No. 4600 ,
              West Palm Beach, Florida 33402

              Re:  May 13, 1982 Letter and Attachments
                   Cultural Resource Assessment Request
                   Port Manatee and Surrounding Areas
                   Manatee and Hillsborough Counties, Florida

              Dear Ms. Zaborski:

                   In accordance with the procedures contained in 36 C.F.R.,
              Part 800 ("Procedures -for theProtection of-Historic and
              Cultural Properties"), -we have reviewed the above referenced
              project for possible impaqt to archaeological and historical
              sites or properties listed, or eligible for listing, in the
              National Register of Historic Places. The authorities for
              these procedures aF_e _tFe--Nat1on_a_1___RT1storic Preservation Act
              of 1966 (Public Law 89-66S) as amended by P.L. 91-243, P.L.
              93-54, P.L. 94-422, P.L. 94-4S8, and P.L. 96-SlS and Presiden-
              tial Executive Order 11593 ("Protection and Enhancement of the
              Cultural Environment").

                   A review of the Florida Master Site File indicates that
              there are 37 archaeological and historic sites within the study
              area (see attached list and map). However, it should be noted
              that only the area from Bishop Harbor south has been systematic-
              ally surveyed for such sites. Thus, the lack of recoraed sites
              along the coast in the area north of Port Manatee is not deemed
              to indicate a lack of sites, since we would expect numerous
              presently unrecorded sites to be recorded should a survey be con-
              ducted. While a lesser site dens    1ty is expected For the interior
              area cast of the Seaboard Coast Line, compai,ing the physiographic
              locales in which sites 8Ma43, 8Ma49 and 8NIal7l are locited leads LIS
              to believe that perhaps as many as ten unrecorded sites may be
              present in the 35-40 comparable locales represented in the area.

                                      FLORIDA-State of the Arts

                                                AF-1

              Ms. Jacqueline M. Zaborski
              June 7, 1982
              Page Two

              We would, therefore, request specific project tract review within
              the study area outside the Port Manatee tract in order to assess
              specific project impact potentials. While some areas may have low
              site probabili-ty and would be able to be developed without the
              need for field checks (such as the NE% of the NE4 of Sec. 12 and
              the NW4 of the NW-1, of Sec. 7 - both tracts adjoining the south
              side of Port Manatee), other areas may be deemed likely to contain
              presently unrecorded sites and thus need to be subjected to an
              archaeological and historic site assessment survey before a final
              evaluation of project impact can be offered. However, you should
              be aware of the fact that the mangrove area north of Bishops Harbor
              and containing sites 8Mal3-15, 8Ma147-149 and 8Mal72 is State owned
              and should be excluded from any proposed development.

                   With regard to the Port Manatee tract itself, site 8Ma48 is
              reportedly located near Piney Point (see map attachment). This
              site was reported in 1954 by W. Plowden. It is described as a
              burial mound (801 in diameter X 5' high) separated by mangrove from
              a shell midden (150'XISI), and located in the NEI-, of Sec. 01, T33S-
              R17E. We have insufficient data to evaluate the significance of
              this site and recommend that the area in its vicinity be resurveyed
              to accurately locate and access these features. It may be eligible
              for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. Development
              elsewhere within the Port Manatee tract is--J-eemed unlikely to affect
              any sites listed, or eligiblefor listing on the National Register
              and may proceed without further involvement with this agency.
                   If you have any questions concerning our comments, please do
              not hesitate to contact us.

                                              Sinc   ly,
                                                       @Pei cy
                                              George,
                                              Deputy State Historic
                                              Preservation Officer

              GWP:Teb

              Enclosures (2)

                                               AF-2

             SITE NO.     SITE W11E             CULTURAL CLASSIFICATION           FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION

             8Hi2         Cockroach   Key       Prehistoric (Glades II & III) Burial mound and shell midden
                          (National  Regi-
                          ster)

             8Mal3        Harbor Key No. 1      Historic (Safet y Harbor)         Temple mound

             8Mal4        Harbor Key No. 2      Prehistoric                       Burial mound

             8MalS        Harbor Key No. 3      Prehistoric                       Midden

             8Ma43        No -Name              Prehistoric                       Burial mound

             8Ma48        No Name               Prehistoric                       Shell & Burial mounds

             8Ma49        No Name               Prehistoric                       Earthworks

             8Ma81        No Name               Prehistoric                       Shell deposit

             8Mal33       Terry 1               Prehistoric   (Glades)            Midden

             8Mal34       Terry 2               Prehistoric   (Archaic)           Lithic scatter

             8Mal35       Terry 3               Prehistoric                       Lithic and shell scatter

             8Mal47       Hell's Halfacre 1     Prehistoric   (Perico Is-         Shell midden
                                                land/Weeden   Island/
                                                Safety Harbor)

             8Mal48       Hell's Halfacre 2     Prehistoric (Perico Island/       Shell midden
                                                Weeden Is-land)

             8Mal49       Hell's Halfacre 3     Prehistoric (Perico Island/       Shell midden
                                                Weeden Island/Safety Harbor)

             -8MalS0      Northeast Head        Prehistoric (Weeden Island/       Mound & Shell midden
                                                Safety Harbor)

             8Mal5l       Kersey Midden         Prehistoric                       Shell midden

             8MalS2       Moses Hole Road-      Prehistoric (Weeden Island/       Shell midden
                          side Midden I         Safety Harbor)

             8MalS3       Moses Hole Road-      Prehistoric                       Shell midden
                          side Midden 2

             8Mal54       Southeast Head        Prehistoric/Historic              Shell midden
                                                (Weeden Island/Safety   Harbor/
                                                Seminole)

                                                           AF-3

            SITE NO.      SITE NAME              CULTURAL CLASSIFICATION             RJNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION

            8Mal5S        Oaktree Hammock        Prehistoric (Perico Island/         Shell midden
                                                 Weeden Island)

            8Ma156        Moses Hole F_xit       Prehistoric/Historic                Shell midden
                          Canal Midden         (Weeden Island/Safety Harbor/
                                                 19th Century American)

            8MalS7        CampsiteMidden         Prehistoric                         Shell midden

            8NhIS8        Handaxe                Prehistoric                         Lithic scatter and shell midden

            8Ma159        Clambar   Hammock      Prehistoric                         Shell midden.

            8Ma160        William   Bayou 1      Prehistoric    (Weeden Island)      Shell midden

            8Ma161        William   Bayou 2      Prehistoric                         Shell midden

            Ma162         William   Bayou 3      Prehistoric                         Shell midden.

            8Mal63        Terra Ceia River I     Prehistoric                         Shell midden.

            Ma164         Terra Ceia Rive-r 2    Prehistoric/Historic (Ceramic/ Midden
                                                 19th century American)

            8Mal.65       Terra Ceia River 3     Prehistoric/Historic                Midden

            8MaI66        Terra Ceia River 4     Prehistoric/Historic
                                                 (Indeterminate/19th century         Midden
                                                 American)

            8Mal67        Terra Ceia River S     Prehistoric                         Shell midden

            8Ma168        Devil's Elbow          Historic (19th & 20th cen-          Shell midden
                                                 tury American)

            91al69        Northeast Head         Prehistoric                         Shell midden
                          Hammock

            8Ma.170       Burger Fill            Prehistoric    (Archaic)            Shell midden

            8Ma171        GilletteBayhead        Prehistoric                         Dirt mound and shell scatter

            8@h172        Hell's Halfacre 4      Prehistoric                         Shell midden.

                          Prehistoric                           30     sites

                          Historic                               2     sites

                          Prehistoric/Historic      -            S     sites

                          Total                                 37

                                                               AF-4

                                                                                                                                                K@
                                                                                                                  @S I h
                                                                                                                                              COCKROACH
                                                                                                      Be-

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                                                                        .36.
                                                                                                ........                                 HILSBOROUGH  CO
                                                                                                                                                 ki: - - - - - - - - - -
                                                                                                                                           MANAT    co                  I

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                                                      Bishop   Harbor

                                                       SO
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                        AM-

            ARCHAEOLOGICAL                                           APPENDIX G
                                                                     ON-
                                                                           /Vr
            CONSULTANTS                                        0-
                                                             IT0
            INCORPORATED                                                         M

            POST OFFICE BOX 5103 TELEPHONE (813) 349-2190 SARASOTA, FLORIDA 33579
                                   -2152 CLEARWATER, FLORIDA
                              (813) 531
                              (813) 349-1821 answering
                                             service

            Mr. J. Scott Benyon
            Gee & Jensen Engineers
            Drawer No. 4600                                      November 26, 1982
            West Palm Beach, FL 33402

            Dear Mr. Benyon:

                 The following letter report is submitted in response to our
            agreement for a background review and field reconnaissance survey to
            determine whether or not prehistoric site 8-Ma-48 exists upon any
            portion of the property owned by the Manatee County Port Authority
            within the NE-, of Section 1, Township 33 South, Range 17E. As a
            result of this effort no archaeological or historical sites were
            located. Further, it is the opinion of ACI that development of the
            Port Manatee Tract is unlikely to affect sites listed in or eligible
            lor 'Listing in the National Register of 111istoric P 'Laces .

                 Background. As requested idMr. Percy's letter of June 7, 1982
            (G. Percy to J.M. Zaborski) a "specific project tract review within
            the study area outside of the Port Manatee tract" (figure 1) was con-
            ducted"..in order to assess specific project impact potentials." In
            addition, a review of specific data regarding the Port Manatee tract
            itself was conducted to help determine more precisely the whereabouts
            of 8-Ma-48, the shell midden and burial mound in question.
                 The specific project tract review was greatly facilitated by prior
            completion of a thorough background review of cultural resources con-
            tained within a five mile radius of the proposed W.C. MacInnes Station
            site, located immediately to the north of the Port Manatee tract. This
            preliminary assessment and later field reconnaissance was conducted by
            the authors in working association with the firm of Piper Archaeological
            Research, Inc. (Piper et.al. 1982). Since the boundaries of the Port
            Manatee study area are roughly identical to those for the W.C. MacInnes
            project area, the data contained in this earlier-study were most useful.
                 Combining both the MacInnes and Port Manatee study areas, a total
            of 46 prehistoric and historic sites have been previously recorded in
            this larger zone. This total figure includes the three aboriginal sites
            (8-fli-1054, -1055, -.1056) located as a result of the W.C. MacInnes pro-
            ject survey. In general, over three-fourths of the sites in the study

                                       CULTURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
          HISTORICAL RESEARCH             MARINE AND TERRESTRIAL          ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEYS
              AND                              AG-1                              AND
          DOCUMENTATION                                                        EXCAVATION

           Mr. J. Scott Benyon
           November 26, 1982
           Page Two

           sample are situated along the coastat Bishop Harbor and Terra Ceia
           Island immediately to the south. The majority of these are multi-com-
           ponent shell middens, dating to the Manasota, Weeden Island and/or
           Safety Harbor periods. The high density of cultural resources located
           in this coastal zone, while clearly reflecting the geographical biases
           of previous archaeological investigators, probably also provides a good
           estimate of the actual number of archaeological sites present in this
           locality. North of Port Manatee, in the Cockroadh and Little Cockroach
           Bay area, on the other hand, the true archaeological potential of this
           coastal sector has not yet begun to be tapped. Based on data from
           environmentally similar areas, at least a dozen new prehistoric sites
           could probably be predicted. The Port Manatee tract, which occupies
           an intermediary position between Cockroach Bay and Bishop Harbor, is
           not believed to have such a high site location potential. Recent inten-
           sive, systematic reconnaissance and subsurface testing along the coast
           from Piney Pine Road north to the salt barrens just south of Piney Point
           Creek (Piper et.al. 1982), due north of Port Manatee, revealed a complete
           absence of prehistoric or historic period cultural materials and/or
           remains.

                The review of specific data regarding the whereabouts of the burial
           mound and shell midden in question revealed that 8-Ma-48 had apparently
           been recorded twice - at two different locations. Two sources, a Uni-
           versity of Florida Archaeological Site Survey Form compiled by William
           Plowden in 1954 and a map at the South Florida Museum in Bradenton
           attributed to Plowden (Burger 1982:68). place the location of 8-Ma-48
           in the general vicinity of the NE,'-, of Section 1, Township 33South, Range
           17 East. However, further literature research disclosed that Montague
           Tallant, an amateur archaeologist active in Manatee County in the 1930s-
           1950s,had previously located a similarly described sand burial mound
           and nearby shell ridge on Harbor Key, in Section 14, Township 33South,
           Range 17 East (figure 3) south of Port Manatee (Burger 1982:69). Ap-
           parently, "...Plowden, a University of Florida graduate student, confer-
           red with Tallant in the early 1950's in order to record the numerous
           sites of which he was aware. But a curious anomaly exists .... While the
           Tallant map contains 90 specific, numbered points, the Plowden map
           (figure 2) mostly delineates site locations by shaded quarter sections.
           Site locations do not correlate between the two maps',' (Burger 1982:68).
                Additional support for the actual location of the components of
           8-Ma-48 at Harbor Key was found in an article about the Harbor Key site.
           Professional archaeologist Ripley Bullen, recorded "...a low burial
           mound, built of sand, about forty feet in diameter" adjacent to a
           shell ridge "...somewhere near the ... ramp of the (Harbor Key) temple
           mound (Bullen,Reeder, Bell and Whisenant 1952). This site on Harbor
           Key, designated 8-Ma-14 (burial mound) and 8-Ma-15 (shell midden) in
           the Florida Master Site File in Tallahassee, was recently described
           as one of "...eleven sites ... found to have multiple designations ... in
           Manatee County" (Burger 1982:72)., Burger, then a graudate student at
           the University of South Florida,noted that his extensive research dis-

                                              AG-2

            Mr. J. Scott Benyon
            November 26,1 1982
            Page Three

            closed that 8-Ma-48 was actually part of previously recorded sites
            8-Ma 13 and 14 (1982:71). Burger suggests that some of the dis-
            crepancy causing multiple designations for sites and different
            locations may have been due to the fact that Dr. John Goggin, a
            professor at the University of Florida, "... advised his graduate
            students to conceal exact location information so as to discourage
            site vandalism..." Burger adds that "Due to the above practices,
            poorly described and located sites were often repeatedly 'discovered'
            and added to the Master Site Files" (Burger 1982:68-69).

                 Thus, the background research revealed that not only was there a
            distinct possibility that 8-Ma-48 was never located near Port Manatee,
            but also that the probability of encountering any prehistoric sites
            in the Port Manatee tract was negligible.

                 Field Survey. Fieldwork entailed a systematic survey of portions
            of the NE-k of Section 1, Township 32 South, Range 17 East for the pur-
            pose of accurating locating and assessing site 8-Ma-48. Since that
            part of the NE,14, of Section 1 located north of Piney Point Road was re-
            cently subjected to an intensive archaeological survey with negative
            results (Piper et.al. 1982), this acreage was excluded from the Port
            Manatee tract survey. Rather, the remainder of the NE-;4 of Section 1
            lying south of Piney Point Road was the focus of investigation.
                 Field survey involved a walk-over and ground surface inspection
            of the property. In addition, a series of shovel tests were judgement-
            ally placed, and all soil recovered was screened through one-quarter
            inch mesh. Surface survey and subsurface testing revealed disturbance
            of varying degrees throughout the property. Specifically, to the east
            of Reeder Road agricultural land uses resulted in an upper disturbed
            plow zone level extending approximately 30 to 50 centimeters below
            ground surface. Similarly, to the west of Reeder Road, excavation of
            drainage ditches, railroad construction, dumping, vehicle passage, and
            other activities related to the development and maintenance of the port
            similarly re sulted in a disturbed upper soil zone. In general, the
            survey area was characterized by level, poorly drained sands. Ground
            surface visibility was poor, except in that portion of the tract re-
            cently-cleared and prepared for cultivation.

                 As a result of field survey no remains of the burial mound or
            shell midden were located. Further, no previously unrecorded sites
            were found, nor were any finds of isolated cultural materials made.

                 Conclusions. On the basis of background investigation and field
            survey it is the opinion of the authors that site 8-Ma-48 is not pre-
            sently, nor never was located in any part of the NE-1-, of Section 1,
            Township 32 South, Range 17 East. It is believed that the site loca-
            tional data provided by Plowden is in error. Additionally, we concur

                                                 AG-3

            Mr. J. Scott Benyon
            November 26, 1982
            Page Four

            with Burger that the burial mound and shell midden complex now recorded
            as 8-Ma-48 is actually the same as two sites previously recorded on
            Harbor Key. However, we wish to point out that in correcting for this
            multiple site designation Burger apparently errs in correlating 8-Ma-48
            A and B with 8-Ma-13 and 8-Ma-14, a temple mound and burial mound re-
            spectively. We believe that Burger meant to use 8-Ma-14 and 8-Ma-15,
            a burial mound and shell midden respectively.

                 In conclusion, development of the Port Manatee facilities in the
            NE-1, of Section 1 will have no adverse impact on significant cultural
            resources.

            Sincerely,

            Marion M. Almy, M.A.                      oan Deming, M.A,
            President                                Vice President

            CC:   Louis Tesar
                            M.A.                    9oan D ing',

                                              AG-4

                                                                                     Figure 1.                           Location of Port Manatee and
                                                                                                                         study area noted by Florida
                                                                                                                         Division of Archives, History
                                                                                                                         and Records Mgt. (Percy 1982).

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                                         Figure 2. Portion of map attributed to William Plowden at South
                                                             Florida Museum showing approximate location of 8-Ma-48
                                                              (noted in red).

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                                  Florida bluseum showing approximate location of 8-Ma 13,14,
                                  and 15 (noted in red)

                                                                                                   AG- 7

                                       REFERENCES CITED

           Bullen, Ripley P., Graham R. Reeder, Bonnie Bell and Blake Wisenant
              1952    The Harbor Key Site, Manatee County, Florida. Florida
                      Anthropologist 5:21-23.

           Burger, B.W.
              1979    Man in the Coastal Zone: Bishop Harbor/Terra Ceia Island,
                      Manatee County, Florida. Baccalaureate thesis on file, New
                      College Library, Sarasota.
              1982    Cultural Resources Management in Manatee County, Florida:
                      The Prehistoric Resource Base. Masters thesis on file,
                      University of South Florida Library, Tampa.

           Percy, George W.
              1982    Letter dated June 7, 1982 to Ms. Jacqueline M. Zaborski,
                      Gee and Jenson Engineers, West Palm Beach, Florida.
           Piper, Harry M., Joan G. Deming, Marion M. Almy, Kenneth W. Hardin,
           Jacquelyn G. Piper and Mark M. Thomsen
              1982    Archaeological and Historical Survey of the Proposed W.C.
                      MacInnes Station Site and Transmission Line Corridors in
                      Hillsborough and Manatee Counties, Florida. Manuscript on
                      file, Archaeological Consultants, Inc., Sarasota.

                                                AG-8

                                               REFERENCES

                    Chapter 1

                    Alvarado, Alex, Minerals Management Service, Metairie, Louisiana.            Oral
                    communication, April 1982.

                    Beasley, Fred, Minerals Management Service.         Oral communication, April
                    1982.

                    Bureau of Land Management, December 1980, Final Environmental Impact
                    Statement, OCS Oil and Gas Proposed 1981 Sales A66 and 66.

                    Florida Coastal Policy Study: Impact of Offshore Oil Development. A report
                    submitted to the Florida Energy Office and the State University system of
                    Florida, by the Department of Urban and Regional Planning, the Florida
                    State University and the Department of Geography, University of South
                    Florida. December 1975.

                    Kash, Don E.,    Energy Under the Oceans.       University of Oklahoma Press,
                    Norman Oklahoma, 1973.

                    New England River Basins Commission (NERBC), Onshore Facilities Related
                    to Offshore Oil and Gas Development.        Boston, Massachusetts, November
                    1976.

                    Chapter 2

                    Dalhousie Ocean Studies Programme, Volume 2, Issue 2, May 1982.              New
                    Directions in Ocean Law, Policy and Management.          "Coastal Communities:
                    Continuity and Change." Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia.

                                                         R-1

                    Department of Urban and Regional Planning, The Florida State University
                    and Department of Geography, University of South Florida. Final Report,
                    "Florida Coastal Policy Study:        the Impact of Offshore Oil Development",
                    December 1975. Reston, Virginia.

                    Havran,    Kenneth J., Gulf of Mexico Summary Report 2, August 1981.
                    Prepared   for the U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,
                    U.S.G.S. Open-File Number 81-620.

                    New England River Basins Commission, "Estimates for New England",
                    November 1976. Boston, Massachusetts.

                    New England River Basins Commission, Onshore Facilities Related to Offshore
                    Oil   and    Gas    Development,      "Factbook",     November      1976.      Boston,
                    Massachusetts.

                    Research and Planning Consultants, Inc., for Texas Coastal Management
                    Program, "Offshore Oil: Its Impact on Texas Communities", Volume II, Local
                    Impact Scenarios. June 1977, Austin, Texas.

                    Kash, Don E. and others, Energy Under the Oceans, University of Oklahoma
                    Press, 1973.

                    Alaska    Consultants,     Inc.,   Marine    Service    Bases    for   Of f shore   Oil
                    Development, prepared for the Alaska Department of Community and Regional
                    Affairs, July, 1976.

                    Chapter 3

                    Port Manatee Engineers Annual Inspection Report.          Gee & Jenson Engineers,
                    Architects, Planners, Inc., June 1982.

                    Port Manatee Master Development Plan Update.           Post,   Buckley,     Schuh &
                    Jernigan, Inc., November 1981.

                                                            R-2

                   Manatee Harbor Channel Maintenance, Feasibility Report.  U.S. Army Corps
                   of Engineers, December 1978.

                   Port Manatee Engineers Annual Inspection Report. Gee & Jenson Engineers,
                   Architects, Planners, Inc. , June 1982.

                   Port Manatee Master Development Plan Update.      Post, Buckley, Schuh &
                   Jernigan, Inc., November 1981.

                   Manatee Harbor Channel Maintenance, Feasibility Report. U.S. Army Corps
                   of Engineers, December 1978.

                   Chapter 5

                   Tampa Electric Company, Ten Year Site Plan for Electrical Generating
                   Facilities and Associated Transmission Lines April 1, 1980.

                   U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Aerial
                   Surveys for Manatees and Dolphins in Western Peninsular Florida Biological
                   Services Program, FWS/OBS-80/50, April, 1981.

                   U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Rare,
                   Threatened and Endangered Plant Species of Southwest Florida and Potential
                   OCS Activity Impacts,     Biological Services Program,    FWS/OBS 81-50,
                   November, 1981.

                   Ward, Daniel B., Rare and Endangered Biota of Florida: Plants, University
                   Presses of Florida, 1978.

                   U.S. Department of Commerce and Florida Office of Coastal Management, The
                   Florida Coastal Management Program, Final Environmental Impact Statement,
                   August, 1981.

                                                      R-3

                    Conservation     Consultants,    Inc.,   Atmospheric    Particulate   Study,     Port
                    Manatee, August, 1978.

                    Manatee County Board of County Commissioners, The Manatee Plan - Policy
                    Document, October, 1981.

                    Florida Department of Commerce, Directory Florida Ports and Waterways,
                    1973, 1973.

                    Post, Buckley, Schuh and Jernigan, Inc. , Master Development Plan Update,
                    Manatee County Port Authority, (Port Manatee), November, 1981.

                    Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Feasibility Report, Manatee
                    Harbor, Manatee Harbor Channel Maintenance, Main Report, 1979.

                    Conservation Consultants, Inc., Upland Dredge Spoil Evaluation, Manatee
                    County Port Auth2Lj@j, 1977.

                    Conservation Consultants, Inc., A Survey of Vegetation Associations, Port
                    Manatee Area, Manatee County, Florida, October, 1980.

                    Manatee County Health Department, Water Quality Program, yearly Report,
                    1981, 1981.

                    Manatee County Health Department, Air Q ality Program, Yearly Report,
                    1981, 1981.

                    Florida Department of Natural Resources, Florida Administrative Code;
                    Chapter 16Q-20, 1981.

                    Florida Department of National Resources, Florida Statutes; Chapter 258,
                    1979.

                    Florida Department of Environmental Regulation, Florida Administrative Code;
                    Chapter 17-3, 1981.

                                                           R-4

                     Manatee County Planning and Development Department, Future Land Use
                     Element, Executive Summary, 1981.

                     City of Tampa, Department of Public Works, Tampa Nationwide Urban Runoff
                     Program, Phase I, Final Report, 1981.

                     Ardaman & Associates, Inc., Piezometer Installation at Port Manatee, Manatee
                     County, Florida, March, 1982.

                     Florida Department of Environmental Regulation, Deepwater Ports Project
                     Spring Sampling Results, -1982.

                     Greiner Engineering Services, Inc. Pier Protection System for Sunshine
                     Skyway Bridge Replacement, March, 1982.

                     Chapter 6

                     Ditton, Robert B., and Stephens, Mark. Coastal Recreation : A Handbook
                     for Planners and Managers; Executive Summary. Washington, D.C.                    U.S.
                     Office of Coastal Zone Management, 1976.

                     Fernald, Edward A. Atlas of Florida. Tallahassee : Florida State University
                     Foundation, Inc., 1981.

                     Florida.     [Laws].   Official Florida Statutes, 1981.      Tallahassee : State of
                     Florida, Law Book    Distribution Office, 1981.

                     Florida.    Division of Recreation of Parks.       Outdoor Recreation in Florida,
                     1981. Tallahassee    : Florida Dept. of State, 1981.

                     Manatee County Board of County Commissioners. The Manatee Plan : Policy
                     Document; Ordinance 80-4.          Bradenton, Fl., Manatee County Board of
                     County Commissioners, 1981.

                                                              R-5

                    U.S. Dept. of Commerce. Office of Coastal Zone Management. The Florida
                    Coastal Management Program : Final Environmental Impact Statement.
                    Washington, D.C. : U.S. Dept. of Commerce, 1981.

                    Franzen, Raleigh.     Florida League of Anglers, Inc., Boca Raton, Florida.
                    Interview, 10 June 1982.

                    Froemke, Richard.      Supervisor of Recreation Services, Florida Division of
                    Recreation and Parks, Tallahassee, Florida. Interview, 15 June 1982.

                    Gaske, Frederick A.      Florida Division of Archives, History and Records
                    Management, Tallahassee, Florida.      Interviews, 23 May 1982, 18 June 1982,
                    30 June 1982.

                    Goddard, A.J.     Local resident for 36 years.     Interview at Piney Point, 19
                    June 1982.

                    Harding, Lt. Richard.       Florida Marine Patrol, District #9, Bradenton,
                    Florida. Interview, 23 June 1982, 14 July 1982.

                    Long,    John.    Tackle Box      (fishing and diving supplies),         Sarasota.
                    Interview, 14 July 1982.

                    MacDonald, Dave. Manatee County Port Authority, Manatee County, Florida.
                    Interviews, 25 June 1982, 18 July 1982.

                    Ocean Pro Dive Shop, Sarasota, Florida. Interview, 14 July 1982.

                    Pascuzzi, Mike.    Manatee County Recreation and Parks Dept., Bradenton,
                    Florida. Interview, 18 June 1982.

                    Ranelli, Mrs. Tampa Sailing Squadron, Apollo Beach, Florida. Interview,
                    15 June 1982.

                                                          R-6

                 Chapter 11

                 Comptroller General of the United States.   Report to the Congress of the
                 United States: Impacts of Regulations - On Outer Continental Shelf Oil and
                 Gas Development, February 27, 1981

                 Manatee County Planning Department. Manatee County Comprehensive Plan,
                 Bradenton, Florida. 1980.

                 Tampa Bay Regional Planning Council.       Coastal Energy Facilities Siting
                 Study, St. Petersburg, Florida. 1982.

                 Tampa Bay Regional Planning Council. Future of the Region, (amended).
                 St. Petersburg, Florida. 1981.

                                                     R-7

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