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Coastal Zone Information Center AN INVENTO RY OF EXISTING OCS RELATED OIL AND GAS FACILITIES RESEARCH & PLANNING CONSULTANTS 314 WEST 11 th AUSTIN, TEXAS 7 8701 512/472-7765 HD 9560 .I58 1976 AN INVENTORY OF EXISTING OCS RELATED OIL AND GAS FACILITIES THE COASTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAM GENERAL LAND OFFICE OF TEXAS Bob Armstrong, Commissioner Ron Jones, Director Wayne Brown, Project Manager -Harry Bradley and Frank Sturzl, Principal Researchers DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NOA i COASTAL SERVICES CENTER 2234 SOUTH HOBSON AVENUE CHARLESTON, SC 29405-2413 Property of CSC Library May, 1976 This publication was funded in part through financial assistance provided by the.Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, administered by the Office of Coastal--Zone-Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. X AN INVENTORY OF EXISTING OCS RELATED OIL AND GAS FACILITIES The purpose of this section is to list and describe those facilities which are relevant to offshore activity. The topics covered in this section are not all inclusive r6garding'an offshore-operation but.do contain those most relevant in the overall process. Areas of interest which are covered include: 'Pages 1. Petroleum Refineries and Petrochemical Complexes . . . 2 - 8 2. Pipelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 16 3. Ports . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 - 22 4. Rigs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 - 28 5. Support Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 - 39 Later, the data will be updated as necessary and will be used-as input into the OCS methodology. PETRO LEUM REFINERIES AND PETROCHEMICAL COMPLEXES PETROLEUM REFINERIES AND PETROCHEMICAL COMPLEXES The Texas coastal area contains the largest concentration of petroleum refineries and petrochemical complexes of any state in the nation. Approximately 40% of the nation's petrochemical industries and 25% of the refining capacity is located in,@coastal counties. In 1972, tota@ value of output in petroleum refineries along the coast amounted to $6.3 billion and $4.6 billion foe petrochemical plants. At the same time, the reTineries employed nearly 32,000 workers and the petrochemical complexes employed approximately 45,000. TABLE 1 $ Million Output and Employment Petro- Petroleum Area chemical Emp. Refineries Emp- Beaumont-Port Arthur Area $ 908 9,433 $ 2,476 14,997 Houston-Galveston Area 3, 289 30,338 3,294 15,257 Victoria Area 184 15953 Corpus Christi Area 202 2,708 522 1,371 Lower Rio Grande Valley 5 292 Total $ 4,588 449724 65292" 319-625 Source: 1972 Census of Manufacturers-, Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C. Texas Employment Commission-5-Austin, Texas, unpublished data. If the total effect these industries have on the economy were measured, the impact would be significantly higher. For example, the total income effect these industHes have on the economy amount to $16.3 billion for refining and $12.3 billion for petrochemicals. These industries not only employ many workers and significantly, contribute to the -econonty-but they are also the most capital intensive industries in the coastal--area. They also use more-water in their processing than any other- manufacturing industries along the coast. While-the-petroleum-r-efiner-14 es-and petrochemical complexes are generally thought of in the same light, they are separate processes. The petroleum refining industries use crude oil as feedstock and produce gasoline and other fuels used for transportation, power generation, and heating purposes. The petrochemical industry uses natural gas and byproducts from 'leum refining as a feedstock. Petrochemical plants manufacture include petro a multiplicity of products including rubber, plastic, synthetic fibers and organic chemicals. 2 The refining and petrochemical complex is concentrated along the upper Texas coast in the Houst6n and Beaumont-Port Arthur areas. Tables 2 and 3 show the location and.capacity of these plants. The Exxon refinery on Baytown is currently undergoing an expansion to increase its capactiy to 600,000 barrels per day. In total, refineries in the Houst6n area have a capacity of 1.5 million barrels per day. The Beaumont-Port Arthur area refineries have a capacity 1.3 million barrels per day. In all probability, therewill notbe any new refineries built in the near future because the industry only builds large refineries and currently there is not a need for any@new refineries. Also, because of ecomonies of scale it is easier to expand an existing refinery rather than build a new one. A final reason is that the'current feedstock in refineries is a mix of domestic and imported crude and any increase in domestic supplie@ could be substituted .for the imported crude oil. 3 Table 2 PETROLEUM REFINERIES Name Location Capacity MW Texaco' Pt. Arthur 4d6,000 Exxon Baytown 400,000 Amoco Texas City 333,000 Mob il Beaumont 325,000 Gulf Pt. Arthur 312,100. Shell Deer Park 294,000 Arco % Houston 213,000 Coastal States Corpus Christi 185,000 Union Oil of California Nederland 127,000 Southwestern Refining Co., Inc. Corpus Christi 114,000 Crown Central Petro. Corp. Houston 100,000 Phillips Petro Sweeney .85,000 Tex City-Refining Co. Texas City 76',500 Charter-International Oil Houston- 70,000 Champlin-Petroleum Co. Corpus Christi 67,700 Marathon-Oil Texa. s--City 64,000 Suntide Refining Co. Corpus Christi 57,000 Texaco- Pt. Neches 47,000 Quintana-Howell Joint Venture Corpus Christi 44,400 South Hampton Co. Silsbee 18,100 Eddy Refining Co. Houston 3,250 TOTAL 3,342,050 SOURCE: 1975 International Petroleum Encyclopedia, Petroleum Publishing Co., Tulsa, Oklahoma. 4 Table 3 PETROCHEMICAL PLANTS City County & Company Feed Major Products- Orange County Orange Allied Chemical Ethylene Polyethylene Orange 'Firestone Synthetic @Butane, Styrene SBR Rubber & Latex Co. Butaliene Orange Gulf Oil Chemicals Ethylene Id polyethylene Orange Phi,llips Petro gas, oil Carbon Black, Jefferson County Pt. Arthur Arco Polymers Inc. Id Polythylene Beaumont Goodyear Tire & Propylene, C-5 Polybutadiene Rubber streams.butadiene Pt. Arthur Gulf.Oil Chemicals Petro fractions Ethylene Beaumont Houston Chemi cal Co Ethylene Ethylene glycol Pt. Neches Jefferson Chem. Co. Refinery gases Ethylene Beaumont Mobil Chemical Petro fractions Toluene Groves Petro Gas Producing Refinery products Co. Pt. Arthur Texaco Refinery fractions Benzene, cyclohexane Beaumont Union Oil Co. of Ca. Reformate Toluene Hardin County Silsbee S. Hampton Co. Harris County Channelview Arco Butane, Butylenes Butaliene Xylenes Houston Arco Refinery Streams Benzene Houston Arco/Plymers Inc. Propylene 5 Table 3 cont'd City County & Com* a@, Feed Major Products 'Harris:County n Clear.Lake Celanese Chemical Ethylene Methanol Houston Charter Int'l Oil -Toluene Houston Crow n Central Reformate, toluene Benzene Petro Corp. Deer Park Diamond Shamrock Ethylene,'Vinyl acetylene, ethylene, Pasadena chloride, Methane dichloride, polepurif chloride Pasadena Diamond Shamrock polypropylene Pasadena Ethyl Corp. Ethylene Alpha.olefins, ethyl chloride, ethylene dichloride Baytown Exxon Benzene, butyl rubber, carbon black feedstocks, cyclohexane, ethylbenzeni ethylene, in-paraffins, orthoxyTene, paraxylene, polyisobutylene, polypropylene, propylene plasticizers, solvents, volume xylene mix. Houston.- Goodyear Tire & Butaliene-styrene- Styreen-butaliene rubber Rubber Baytown J.M. Huber Corp. Refinery bottoms Carbon Black Houston- Merichem- Refinery -treating Pehnol wastes Houston National Petro Id polyethylene .Bayport Oxirane Chemical Propylene Propylene oxide Houston-_. .-Petro-Tex Chem.------ Petroleum Base Butadiene Corp. Pas'adena Phi-U-ips Petro. -Corp Ethylene, propylene, Ammonia natural gas Sweeney Phillips Petro. Corp Crude Oil Ethlene Houston Rechhold Chemicals Methanol Styrene Formaldehyde Deer Park Rohm & Hass Co.' Ndtural Gas Acrylic esters. Houston Shell Chemical Petro fractions Ethylene A Table 3 cont'd City County & Company Feed Major Products Harris County (cont) Pasadena Tenneco Chemicals Natural gas, vinyl Methanol chloride H.ouston US Industrial Vinylacetate Chemicals Co. Galveston County Texas City Amoco Chem Corp Ethylene, benzene, Styrene petro fractions, refinery gases Texas City Amoco Oil Co. Refinery products, Ammonia -natural gas Texas City .,Marathon Oil Cumene Texas City Monsanto Co light crude oils, Ethyl.benzene natural gas Texas City Texas City Refinery streams Propylene Refining Co. Texas City Union Carbine Corp. Natural gas, refinery Ethylene, acetic acid gases Fort Bend County Oyster Creek Dow Chemical Ethylene, cumene Phenol.- Brazoria County_ Freeport Dow Badische Co. Propylene, acetylene, Caprolactum cyclohexane Freeport Dow Chemical Co. Natural gas, LP gas, B@utadiene, glycols, benzene styrene Alvin..- Monsanto Co. Light-crude oil ethylene Sweeney Phi llips Petro Co. Crude oil, natural Ethylene gas-liquid, benzene Matagorda County Bay City Celanese Chem. Ethylene, cyclohexane Vinyl acetate 7 Table 3 cont'd City County & Company Feed Major Products Nueces County Corpus Christi Champl in Petro Co. Cyclohexane Corpus Christi Coastal States Petro Crude Oil Toiuene Chemical Co Corpus Christi Hess Oil & Chem. Co. Petro ft-actions Benzene Corpus Christi Southwestern Oil & Naphtha Toluene Refining Co. Corpus Christi Suntide Refining Co. Refinery streams Paraxylene Cameron County Brownsville, Triad Chem. Co. Natural Gas Acetic acid, acetic acetecamhydride SOURCE: 1975 International Petroleum Encyclopedia, Petroleum Publishing Co., luisa; Oklahoma. 8 PIPELINES PIPELINES Over seventy trunk or gathering pipelines extend from the Texas OCS or the federal OCS off Texas to the Texas barrier islands or to the Texas coast where there are no barrier islands. Twelve of these trunk or gatherinq lines extend beyond the three marine.league line into thd federal OCS. (See Map I and Table 4 .) Most of the pipelines which are situated wholly within the Texas OCS., carry gas and.are in the 2 3/8" to 12" size range. Although a few are much larger - up to 42" - and sone carry oil, these are relatively few. Of primary concern are the twelve trunk or gathering lines which are situated in the federal OCS off Texas. 1. Pipeline #2 on Map I i 's a 16-mile gathering line connecting to a trunk line situated in the federal OCS off Louisiana. Pipeline #2 gathers gas from tract nuMbe'r 129 in the High Island/East Addition area. It has a 12" diameter and is owned by Tidal Pipeline Co. 2. Pipeline #9 is a 16" gas-line extending-approximately-33 miles- from tract number 88 in the High Island area to a trunk-line in Louisiana. It carries gas, and is owned by United Gas Pipeline Co. 3. Pipeline #10 on Map 1 is a 16" natural gas pipeline. It gathers production from tract number 88 in the High Island area and carries it 26 miles to a natural gas trunk line in Texas. It is owned by Natural Gas Pipeline Co. 4. Pipeline #13 extends approximately 32 miles from tract number 52- in ,the High Island area to a trunk line-in Louisiana. It is a 16" gas -line owned by Tran scontinental Gas-Pipeline Co. 5. Pipeline #16 on Map 1 is a 4 1/2" oil line extending from tract number 52 in the High Island area-to the Texas--coast..: That-distance-is approximately 12 miles. The line is owned by Chevron Oil Co. 6. Pipel.ine #20 is a 16" gas line which gathe rs production from tract number 136-in the High Island area. It carries such production approximately 56 mil'es@ to Texas City, T-exas. It is owned by the Black Marlin Pjpeline Co. 7. Pipeline #21 is a 6" gas line which gathers production from that number 140 in the High Island area and carries it approximately 3 miles to feed into pipeline number 20. It too, is owned by Black Marlin. 8. Pipeline #26 gathers production from tract number 296 in the Gal-veston area-and carries 'it approximately 3 m -iles to feed into pipeline #27. It is a 20" gas line owned by Blue Dolph in Pipeline Co. 9. Pipeline #27 gathers gas from tract number 288 in the Galveston area and carries it approximately 40 miles to the Texas shores. It, like pipeline #26 which feeds into it, is a 20" gas line and is owned by Blue Dolphin. 9 10. Pipeline #34, which is-fed by both numbers 33 and 35 (see bel ow) is a 3011 gas line. It extends from tract number 538 in the Brazos area to Texas shore, approximately 28 miles away. It is owned by Transcontinental gas Pipeline Co. 11. Pipeline #33 on Map 1 is a 20" gas line extending from tract number A-1 in the Brazos area down to tract number 541 in the same area and then westward to join pipeline #34 Its total length is approximately 22 miles and is owned by Transcontinental. 12. Pipeline #35 originates in tract number A-76 in the Brazos/South Addition area and extends approximately 32 miles to feed into pipeline #34. It is a 20"*gas line owned by Transcontinental. Thus, the total mileage of pipeline seaward of the three league line in the federal OCS off Texas is approximately 147 miles. The approved pipeline shown on Map 1 will, when completed, gather production from the High Island South Addition and the High Island East Addition South Extension areas. The proposed pipeline shown on Map l'would serve the High Island and Galveston Areas. 10 TABLE 4 Pipelines/Gulf of Mexico (To accompany Map Pipeline Number Texas General Land (From Map Office Easement No. Size Product Owner 1 1211 Gas Tidal Pipeline Co'. 2 1211 Gas Tidal Pipeline Co. 3 611 Gas Tidal Pipeline Co. 4 16 Gas Tidal Pipeline Co. 5 611 Gas Tidal Pipeline Co. 6 1011 Gas Tidal Pipeline Co. 7 1011 Gas Chevron 0-il Co. 8 18" Gas Chevron Oil Co. 9 2184 1611 Gas United Gas Pipeline Co. 10 2391 1611 Natural Gas Natural Gas Pipeline CO. 11 1955 1011 Gas Transcontinental Gas Pipeline Co. 12 1557 6 5/8" -Oil Zapata - C&K 13 1833 1611 Gas Transcontinental Gas.Pipeline Co. Pipeline/Gulf of,Mexico (To accompany Map 1) Pipeline Number Texas General Land (From Map' Office Easement No. Size Product Owner 13a '2815 1011 Gas Transcontinental.Gas.Pipeline'Co. 13b 2850 2 7/8". Gas Mitchell'Energy Offs.hore.. 14 1852 1211 Gas United Gas Pipeline..Co... 15 1827 1611 Gas United Gas Pipeline Co. 1816 8 5/811 Oil ..Atlantic.Richfield.Co. .... . ............ ........... - 16 2421 4 1/211 Oil Chevron Oil Co.@ ...................... ............. 17 2018 1211 Gas Pennzoil Pipeline Co. 17a 2005 4 1.2" Gas Ki.ng Resources Co. 18 1572 311 Gas Occidental Petroleum Corp..,. . .. ... . ...... 4 1/211 Gas 18a 1571 Occidental Petroleum Corp. 2 1/2 Oil 1@9 445 411 Pan.Ameri.can Petroleum Corp.. 20 1487 16 Gas Black.Marlin Pipeline Co.. 21 611 Gas Black Marlin Pipeline Co.. TABLE Pipeline/Gulf of,Mexico (To accompany Mapl Pipeline Number Texas General Land (From Map' Office Easement No. Size Product Owner 22 2470 811 Gas Natural Gas Pipeli.ne CO. 23 2465 411 Oil Mitchell Energy Offshore 23a 246.1. 2 3/811 Oil Mitchell Energy Offshore 24 3252 6 5/811 Gas Tejas Gas Corporation 25 3089 4211 Oil Houston Oil and 'Mineral's 26 2011 Gas 'Blue Dolphin Pipeline Co. .... ...... . 27 3000 2011 Gas Blue Dolphin Pipeline Co. 28 3209 811 Gas Houston Pipeline CO. 29 2605 85/811 Oil Mobil Oil Corp. 30 2565 85/811 Oil Houston Pipeline Co. 31 3249 311 Gas Houston Pipeline Co.. 32 3225, 85/811 Gas Pipeline Technologists 32a 2857 .8 5/8" Gas Coastal States Gas Prod. Co. Pi@eline/Gulf of'Mex1co To accompany Map 1) Pipeline Number Texas General Land (From Map Office Easement No. Size Product Owner 33 .2011 Gas Transcontinental Gas Pipeline Co.. .......... 34 2114 3011 Gas Transcontinental Gas Pipeline Co.. 35 2011 Gas Transcontinental Gas Pipeline Co. 36 1453 8 5/811 Gas Lo-Vaca Gathering Co. 37 1453 8 5/8" Gas Lo-Vaca Gathering Co. . . . ............ ... ... 38 1592 1211 Gas.- Lo-Vaca Gathering Co. .... ...... ...... .. .. ... . ... ....... 39 3170 6 5/81' Gas Superior Oil Company ...... ....... . ...... .......... ... 40 1454 10 3/4" Gas Lo-Vaca Gathering Co. .. ........ ....... 40a 1567 12' Gas Lo-Vaca Oathering Co. . ... ..... .... ... 41 1459 16 Gas Lo-Vaca Gathering Co. ....... ..... ........... ...... ....... 42 2597 611 Oil Monsanto Co, ........... .... . ... 43 2588 5 5/811 Gas North American Royalties, Inc. 44 2587 5 5/8" Gas North American Royalties, Inc. Pi@eline/Gulf of*Mexico To accompany Mapl Pipeline Number Texas General Land (From Map' Offi,ce Easement No. Size Product Owner 45 -2926 1011 Gas Corpus Christi Oil & Gas Co. 45a 2927 8 5/811 Gas Corpus Christi Oil and Gas Co. 46 3226 10 3/411 Gas Pipeline Technologists 46a 1566 1211 Gas Lo-Vaca Gathering Co'. 47 2893 6 5/811 Gas OXY Petroleum 48 2882 611 Gas Sun Oil Co. 1836 411 Gas Shell Oil Co. 49 1826 611 Gas Gulf Oil Co. 50 1717 811 Gas United Gas Pipeline Co. 50a 1630 811 Gas United Gas Pipeline Co. 51 1745. 4 1/211 Gas Texaco, Inc. 52 2560 611 Gas Reynolds Mining Corp. 1011 53 1641 Gas Texas Eastern Transmission 53a 2849 10 Gas Chevron Oil Co. TABLE 4 Pleline/Gulf of Mexico To accompany Mapl ,Pipeline Number Texas General Land (From Map" Office Easement,No, Size Product Owner 54 -2790 .3 1/211 Gas Reserve Gas Systems, Inc. 55 2933 4 1/211 Oil Mobil-Oil Corp. . ......... 56 2933 4 -1/2" Oil Mobil Oil Corp, 57 2933 4 1/2"- oil Mobile Oil Corp. 58 3115 8 5/811 Oi 1 Mobile Oil Corp. TEXAS.PORTS TE XAS PORTS1 The ports and harbors of Texas can be thought of as comprising three separate yet inter-related components: deep draft ports, shallow-draft- ports, and the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway (GIWW). Deep Draft Ports There are eleven distinct deep draft ports or port systems scattered, along the Texas Gulf Coast. These ports,for the-most part, have depths of 36 to 40 feet. (See Table 5 ). In 1974, these ports handled a total of 229,440,637 short tons; of that total, approximately 171,780,000 short tons - 74.9% of the total - was petroleum, natural gas, chemicals or chemical products, or petroleum fuels or lubricants. The eleven deep draft ports are: 1. Orange - port facilities include 447,000 barrels of storage for crude petroleum and refined products storage. The port is well-served-by rail and highways, and there are.-35 piers, wharves, and docks. Nearly 31% of the tonnage handled in 1974 was petroleum-related.2 2. Port Arthur - approximately 26,000,000 barrels of storage for crude oil and refined products is available. ThE!re is a 1200-foot wharf structure with nine docks and access to land transportation is good. Over 89% of the tonnage handled in 1974 was petroleum-related. 3. Sabine'Pass Harbor -'located directly on op en gulf waters, it is not--an extremely ac'tive-port.- -Nearly 90% of its 1974 tonnage, however, was petroleum related. There is one dock and no petroleum storage capacity. 4. Beaumont - the port is served by several rail companies and @-h -capaci ty-_4 or-_@@storage-of crude -oil -and highways-and@ as--a-@i refined-products--of nearly 40 million-barrels. In 1974, almost 82%-of--the total-tonnage handled was petroleum related. There are nine docks. 5. Galveston - the port has-applied for an authorized depth-of 67 feet .- 1 t - i s.- equ-i-pped wi th'22,639 I i near- feet of wharves and-can doc"7 ships -simu-1-taneous-1-y--@ Approximately 7% of the tonnage-handled in 1974 was petroleum-related. The port is wel-I served by rail and highway systbms@ It has virtually no petroleum--stoT-age capacity-;-- 6. Texas City - port facilit'ies include a storage capacity for over 11million barrels.of crude oil and refined products. Over.99% of its 1974 tonnage was petroleum related. There are 30 docks. 17 7. Houston - Texas' largest'port system and the third busiest in the nation has 218 wharves, piers, and docks in the vicinity. In 1974, over 66% of the total tonnage handled was petroleum- related. Over 12 million barrels of storage for crude oil and petroleum products isavailable. 8. Freeport the port is well served by inland transportation systems and has storage space for about 700,000 barrels of crude petroleum and 1,350,000 barrels of finished products. Over 96.5%,of the tonnage handled in 1974 was petroleum- related. There are three docks. 9. Harbor Island - the port is located on an island in Corpus Christi Bay, has five docks, and is served by one highway in addition to the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway. It has applied for an authorized depth of 72 feet. A total-of 100% of the tonnage handled in 1974 was petroleum-related. 10. Corpus Christi - port facilities include storage space for over 25.million barrels of crude oil or refined petroleum products, nearly 7,000 linear feet of wharf frontage, and approximately 43 docks. Almost 73% of the total tonnage handled in 1974.was petroleum-related.- 11. Brownsville - port facilities include five liquid storage terminal operators, 18 cargo docks (.5 of which are oil docks), and over 6,000 feet of wharf frontage. Over 48% of its 1974 tonnage was, petroleum related. Shal-low Draft-Ports There are many small, shallow draft ports along the Texas Gulf Coast, but the most significant (See Map 2 ) are the channel to Liberty, Anahuac, Double Bayou, Port:BoTi-var Cedar Bayou, Clear Creek, DickinsGn---Bayou, Chocolate Bayou, the chann;l to Sweeny, Palacios, the channel to Victoria, the Matagorda-Ship Channel, Rockport, Aransas-Pass, Port Mansfield, the channel to Harlingen, and Port Isabel. These ports combined handled a total of over 14 million short tons of cargo in 1974; slightly-over.-6--million tons of that total,(42%) were- petroleum"related. (See'Table 6 .) The busiest of the shallow draft ports are Chocolate Bayou, the Matagorda Ship Channel, and the channel to Vittoria. Gulf Intracoastal-Waterway The Gulf Intracoastal Waterway (G-IWW) extends. a-long the entire Gulf Coast-f-rom Brownsvi-l-le, Texas to.southern Florida. It serves as the primary lane-for nearly all-smal-lcommerc-i-al-and-recreational vessels--berthed on the-Gul-f Coast. The Texas section of the GJWW extends along a 403 mile arc from the Sabine River at the Port Arthur Canal to the Port of Browniville. (See Map 2 j The channel is generally 12 feet deep and 125 feet wide. 18 Tonnage handled on.the GIWW has remained relatively constant i.n recent years. In 1968, 63.3 million short tons were handled; that figure fluctuated somewhat until a high of 68.9 million short tons was reached in 1972. The 1973 figure was 63 million.4 In 1971, 30.4% of the cargo handled on the Texas intracoastal waterway was petroleum products, 29.8% was crude petroleum, and 17.4% was chemicals.5 (To aVoid the possibility of double-counting tonnage handled, the GIWW s entered separately on Table 5 and is not included in the "Total" row.) In-addition to existing ports and port systems, three port proposals merit attention. The Port of Galveston has applied for a permit to dredge the port and a 35-mile channel to the Gulf of Mexico to a depth of 67 feet. If the application is approved, the facility is projected to be in operation by 1981. It is estimated that the port could import 125 million tons of crude oil by the early 1990's.6 Simila@rly, the Port of Corpus Christi has applied for a permit to deepen the Harbor Island facility at Port Aransas to 72 feet.7 Finally, a consortium of nine oil and chemical companies have planned and designed an offshore, deepwater oil terminal 25 miles off Freeport, Texas, in the Gulf of Mexfco. The facility, which could be completed by 1980, will include four.monobuoys and a four-acre platform. Two 52-inch diameter pipelines would carry up to 2 million barrels of crude oil per day to storage facilities 31 miles away. Two additional monobuoys, a second platform and a third pipeline are projected for a later date.8 19 f MAP 2 4T 12. 15 :j range -Arthur 1. Port @3 8a.b'l ne Pas's Harbor', 77 -4...*- Beaumont "2 'Chann61 to --tibdrty, .5. @`Afiahua:c; n '7." Double"B @Oyou '8. Port 'B6l i va r 9 -'Gal vestori . -10. -Cedar Bay ou 24 11. Clear-Creek 12. ;Dickinson Bayou 13. Texas City 14. Houston 15. Choco'Tate- Bayou, 16 " Freeport' 17. Chafinel--to,-5weeny ..18-. _Pa1ac,i.-os-.- 19.-.Channdl t o Victoria --20.--,..Mata9or a Sh: A' ip.Channel --@"21.:-Ro pcirt-'.. c-k I s Ta nd a r66 r .22. H' 23-.--`--Aransas. -24. Corpus Christi "0 d 8 125.- PortVansfiL 7 26. Channel @to- fldrl i ngen 27. -Brownsvi.1]1e,--:_,.,-. 28. Port Isabel 20 Table 5 SELECTED COMMODITIES HANDLED IN-1974 (IN MILLIONS OF S . RT TONS) TUAL TONNAGE A B C HANDL-ED (IN MILLIONS Crude 'Chemicals Petro l euro, OF TONS) Petro- And Fuels leum and Chemical And PORT OR Natural Products Lubri- WATERWAY DRAFT. 1960 1970. *1974 Gas cants Total: A,B&C t Olge 24-33 1.02 --.11.62, 1.33 .05 .30 .06 ..41 B mont 36-38 27.11 30.48 33.50 12.88 2.37 12.09 27.34 Pot Arthur 36-41 28.21 22.67 27.80 10.30 .55 13.92 24.77 Sabine Pass Harbor 30-40 .37 .28 .39 .29 .01 .04 .34 Hl ton 36-40 57.13 64.65 89.11 18.81 .10.07 30.27 59.14 Te s City 36-40 15.40 17.10 20.15 6.27 6.43 7.36 20.06 Ga eston 44 6.07 3.46 7.17 .13 .15 .49 Fr port- 32 3.65 5.28 8.90 3.07 4.34 1.18 8.59 Corpus Christi 38-45 25.23 32.84 8.32 2.64 .12.90 23.86 24.84 Ha or Island 47 5.32 5.41 4.92 - .49 5.41 Brownsville 36-38 .97 4.99 2.84 .38 .33 .66 1.37 A Isabel 12 .44 .39 .18 .13 0 0 .13 4n uac Approx. 6 .11 .48 .38- - .04 - .04 rrinity River to Approx.-6- .97 -.36 .36 .04- .04 iberty r Bayou Approx. 6 .23 .49 .92 - .03 - ,ei .12 .15 2.53@ 2.88 1.45 .72 .61 2.78 ,h[olate Bayou 12 ;an Bernard River o Sweeny 9 .84 .53 .51 .06 .04 .30 .40 lagagorda Ship hannel 12 2.04 4.48 4.93 17 .55 .08 .80 ,h nel to Victoria 9 .2 5 1. 78 3.14 - 1.22 .08 1.30 FrIbutary Arroyo 11olorado to Harlingen 12 .22 .43 .58 .02.' .05 32 .39 iransas Pass 12 .10 0 .02 - 0 - 0 lalacios 12 .14 .10 .07 0 - - 0 lort Bolivar 12 - - 0 - 0 0 :1ear Creek Approx. 6 .22 lickinson Bayou Approx, 6 .12 louble Bayou Approx. 6 .06 - .03 0 0 ort Mansfield 8-16 .11 .02 .04 Ol .01 ockport 9 0 0 0 TOTAL 170.28 192-.67 243:.'82 67.36. 29.83 80.64 '177. 83@ 3ulf Intracoastal 51 7 65. 14,24 3' 50,.'68 Waterway J 9@5 .Note: 0 indicates less than .01 million Table 5 SELECTED COMMODITIES HANDLED IN 1974 (IN MILLIONS OF S RT TONS) 4AGE A B C iN MILLIONS Crude Chemicals Petroleum, Total: A,B&C rONS) Petro- And Fuels (As a % of Petroleu leum and Chemical And Total Tonnage Storage Natural Products Lubri- Handled in Number of Capacity 70 1974 Gas - cants Total: A,B&C 1974) Berths (In 1000 BBL 52 1.33 .05 .30 .06 .41 30.8 35 '447 48 33.50 12.88 2.37 12.09 27*.34 81.6 9 40,000 67 27.80 10.30 .55 13.92 24.77 89.1 9 26,000 28 .39 .29 .01 .04 .34. 87.2 1 0 65 89.11 18.81 10.07 30.27 59.14 66.4 218 12,000 10 20.15 6.27 6.43 7.36 20.06 99.6 30 11,000 46- 7.17 ..21 .13 .15 .49 6.8 37 0 28 8.90 3.07 4.34- 1.18 8.59 96.5 3 2,050 Approx. 23 32.84 8.32 2.64 12.90 23.86 72.7 .43 25,000 32 5.41 4.92 5.41 100.-0 5 99 2.84 .38 .33 .66 1.37 48.2 18 110001- 39 .18 .13 0 0 .13 72.2 48 .38 .04 - .04 10.5 36 .36 04 .04 11.1 49 .92 -.03 .12 16.-3 53 2.88 1.45 .72 .61 2.78 96.5 53 .51 .06 .04 .4o 78.4 48-' 4.93 17 .55 .08 .80 .1 6.2 78 3.14 1.22 .08 1.30 41.4 43 .58 .02., .05 32 39 67.2 .02 - 0 0 0 10 .07 0 - 0 0 0 0 0 .22 - .12 - .03 - 0 - 0 0 02 .04 - - .01 .01 25 0 67 243.82 67.36 29.83 .80.64 177. 83 72,9 .22..0 50,.'68 76,7 14.44 Footnotes lMost of the statistical information presented in this section has been abstracted from: U.S. Army,.Corps of Engineers, Waterborne Commerce of the United States, 1960, 1970, and 1974, Washington, D.C. 2The term "petroleum-related" means petroleum,'natural gas, chemicals or chemical products, and petroleum fuels or lubricants. 3U.S. Army, Corps of Engineers, Final Environmental Statement: Maintenance Dredging, Gulf Intracoastal Waterway, Texas Section, Main Channel and Tributary Channels, 1975, Galveston, Texas. 4Texas A&M University, Sea Grant Program, Analysis of the Role of the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway in Texas,(College Stationi Texas: Texas A&M University, Sea Grant Program, T-9-75-), p.5. 517exas A&M University, Sea Grant Program, Primary Economic Impact of the. Gulf Intracoastal Waterway in Texas, (College Station, Texas: Texas A&M Universi.tyi-Sea Grant Program, 1974), p.50.-, 6"Seadock Showdown Coming Today," The Houston Post, 27 May-1976, p. IBB. 71bid. 8"Firm Sees Offshore Port For Supertankers by '79," The Houston Post, 27 May 1976, p. IBB. 22 OFFSHORE DRILLING RIGS OFFSHORE DRILLING RIGS The most recent statistics show that there are 29 drilling rigs operating offshore Texas. Most of the rigs are either jackups or semi-submersibles. The data in Table 7 show not only the drilling contractor, but give additional information about the drilling operation including: 1. Operator - oil company which owns the lease. 2. Location:7 tract number and rig status. 3. Water depth depth of water where rig is located. 4. Target depth depth of well. 5. Subcontractors -'those support groups on"board. 6. Shorebase - drilling contractor onshore base. 7. Future status - where--rig will move from present location. In Texas, there are numerous offshore drilling contractors, most of which are located in Houston. However, the largest offshore drilling contractor in the world, Ocean Drilling Exploration Co. (ODECO) is headquartered in Dallas. A Texas--base-does--not-inecesari-1-y-imply--that the-contractor -is operating offshore Texas. In most cases, Texas-based contractors are world-wide operators. The data listed below show that in 1975 the number of rigs owned by Texas-based contractors were: Semi-submersibles 25 Jackups 78 Drillships 29 Fixed Platforms 68 Also, during 1975, Texas-based contractors had 39 rigs under construction divided into three groups: Semi-submersibles 9 Jackups 20 Drillships 10 At'the present time, there is a worldwide surplus of offshore drilling rigs. One reason for the*surplus is because offshore activity has not expanded as rapidly as expected. Another reason is, because of escalating construction costs, older rigs can operate at a cheaper day rate than new rigs. In the past few years, there has been three identifiable levels of construction costs for offshore units - those units built b&fore 1970, those built from 1970 - 74, and those delivered after 1974. In most cases 23 the rig owner who bought the rig before 1970 will be the most competitive and least hurt in an oversupply situation. Those rig owners who bought after 1974 will be the ones most likely to be stackinq their rigs or working them at prices that are less than profitable. Table6 shows the average cost of building offshore units for the three time periods. TABLE 6 Construction Cost - Offshore Units $ Million Jackups Semi-Submersibles Drillships Prior to 1971 5.1 9.0 5.4 1971-74 10.3 22.8 13.1 After 1974 19.2 33.9 45.4 SOURCE: Offshore Rig Data Serv4ces, "Offshore Rig Newsletter", October 1975. P.O. Box 19247, Houston, Texas 77024. In Texas, there are five yards that build offshore---drilling rigs.- The two largest are Levingston and Marathon-Le Tourneau. In each yard there is currently some activity although they are not operating at full capacity. Name Location Baker Marine Ingleside Bethlehem-Steel Beaumont Levingston Shipbuilding Orange Marathon@Le Tourneau--- Brownsville Todd Shipyards Galveston lAbLt / Gulf of Mexico - Texas SUBMERSIBLES Well Tarqet Sub-ContrActors Rig Rig Name &.Rated Water -ep E h Di ving/Cement April 6, 1976 Owner Water Depth' Operator 'Lbt6tion/Statds Depth &'Type 'W6rkboat/Mud Shore Base Future Status Field Mr. Arthur Getty High Is.Bl. 74L/ 40' 13,500- 1/76 None/Hallib./ Came'ron, La. Contract w/Getty'thru Swire (80.) Drilling Wildcat Tidewater Mar./ current well. Drlg. Milchem SEMISUBMERSIBLES DiamondM DIAMOND M- Sabine Pass/Stacked--@- Available General GENERAL(1000') Marlin MARLIN NO. 7 Sabine Pass/ Available Drlg. (10001) Stacked- ODECO OCEAN SCOUT Pennzoil High Is.Bl.A-548/ 2701 3/13/76 Oceaneering/Hal- Pelican Is., Contract w/Pennzoil to (600') Dri'l I i ng Explor. llib./A. Martin & Tx. 4/21/76 A.Levy/ ODECO OCEAN EXPLORER Shell Mustang Is. Bl. 210' 4000' 1/2/76 Contract with Shell to (6001) A-92/Drilling Fxplor. 10/76 Santa Mariner 2 Amoco S. Galveston A-218 240' Late Oceaneering/Hal- Term contract w/Amoco Fe (600') Dri I I i n'g 1/76 lib./ Will leavp for Petrobras/ Brazil ap. 4/15. Sea Drlg. SEDNETH I Texaco High-Is.Bl.586 532' 11,000 3/12/76 Oceaneering/Hallib./ Freeport, Contract w/Texaco to Neth. (6001) #2/Drilling Explor. Candi es/Mi I chem Tx. 8/18/77. Next Texaco/High Is. Area Western WESTERN PACESETTER Sabine Pass/ Available. Oceanic 11(1200') Idle Zapata ZAPATA CONCORD Mobil Bay City N698- Mid Oceaneering/Hallib/ Cameron, La. Contract w/Mobil to 11/77. (2000') E69/Drlg. Wildcat 3/76 Candies&A.Levy/ Mission MISSION EXPLORATION Galveston/Stacked Available,- DrIg. (1500') M, wo Page 2 Well Target Sub-Contractors Rig Rig Name &.Rated Water pth. Diving/Cement April 6, 1976 Owner Water Depth'_'_ Operator 16tation/Status Depth & Type Spud Date Wbrkboat/Mbd' Shore Base Future Status Mission MISSION VIKING Texaco Bay City N639E73/ 750' Ocean Systems/ Contract with Pennzoil Drlg. (1500.) Drilling Hallib/Martin/ to 10/78 & Texaco to 10/77 Atlantic Ranger I McMoran Matagorda'ls.81. 45' 3176 NonelHallib. Contract w/McMoran to 5/;6 Pacific (70') 691-L/Drilling Marine Dixilyn DIXILYN THREE- Arco N Padre Is.Bl. 1851 No'ne/Hallib./ Contract w/Arco to 7/76. (Pel-Lyn SEVENTY(370') 967/ Drilling Godager) Fluor MR. SAM Ruther- Brazos Bl. 335-L/ 62,' Late Freeport, Tx. Contract w/Transocean DrIg. 0551) ford Drilling 2/76 to 5177 Svcs. (Farmout) Marine J. STORM III Houston Galveston 61. 26' 11500, 315176 None/Hallib/ Term contract w/Cities Drlg. (250') O&M .182S#1/Drilling. Offth. Log./ Svc. & Houston O&M Marine J. STORM IV Corpus Matagorda Is.Bl. 50' /Bj/ Offsh.Log. Pt. O'Connor,Tx. Term Contract w/Arco Drlg. (250') Christi 596-L#4/Drlg. Oil & Gas Marine STORMDRILL V Conoco High Is.Bl.137 46' 14756' 2/21/76 None/Hallib./ Morgan City, La. DrIg. (115') #l/Drilling Wildcat ODECO OCEAN EXPRESS Marathon Mustang Is.Bl. 115! .9000, 3/12/76 /Hallib./ Rockport, Tx. Contractw/Marathon to (2501) 803L Drilling Explor. Tidex./Dresser 12/77. Next Marathon/ Mustang Is.Bl. 809-L #1 ODECO OCEAN Clil EF Occi- Brazos Bl. 542/ .1191 14000' Mid None/Hallib./ Freeport, Tx. ap. 4/10/76 (225 dental Drilling Explor. 2/76 Various/Milchem (Farmout) Term contract w/Shell & Pennzoil. Next Shell ap. 4/18/76 Page 3 Well Target Sub-Contractors Rig Rig Name VRated Water pth. Di vi ng/Cement ..April 6, 1976 Owner Water Depth Operator Lodation/Status. Depth & Type Spud Date Wbrkboatftd Shore Base Future Status ODECO OCEAN KING Superior Mustang Is, Bl, 1.561 Mid /Hallib/Tide.. Term contract w/ (340') 821/Drilling 2/76 Water Mar, & A. Superior Levy Penrod PENROD 61 Cities Svc.Mustang Is, A@54/ 3001 3/19/76 None/Hallib/ Term contract w/Cities Drlg. (340') Drilling Svc, Next 'Cities Svc./ Mustang Is. Bl. A-139. Rowan ROWAN-LOUISIANA Burmah High Is..' Bl-.A 180 85001 3/25/76 /Hallib,/ Contract w/Burmah DrIg. (350') 317/Drilli,nq /Acadian Mar,/ to 5/76 Rowan ROWAN-HOUSTON Coastal Brazos BI.368:-L 3/76 DrIg. (225-) States Drilling Salen SALENENERGY Sabine Pass/ Available Offshore C25VI $tacked Trans-worldTRANSWORLD 50 Superior Matagorda ST 401 2/17/76 None/Hallib, Term contract. w/ DrIg. (7.011 581-S/Dr19, Superior Trans- TRANSWORLD 62 Cities N. Padre Is. BI A-. 222' .100001 3/12/76 /Hallib./State -Contract w/Cities Svc. & world Drlg. (300' Svc.. 59#1 /Dri 11 i ng Wildcat Boat/ Kerr McGee to 12/76. Next Cities Svc./Galveston Bl. A-54 Trans- TRANSWORLD 67 Mitchell Galveston B1.164- 341 Workover 2/20/76 /Hallib./ Galveston, world Drlg. (40') (Farmout) S/Workover /Dresser, TX. Term Contract w/Kerr McGhee Kilroy Western WESTERN DELTA High Is. B1.98-L/ 80' Early /Hallib./ Sabine Pass Oceanic (1451) Drilling 3/76 Acadian Mar./ T' Contract- w/Kilroy to 12/76. Zapata TOPPER I Texas S. Padre Is. Bl. 40' Late None/ IHallib.7 (Zapata 22) (1201) Gas 1131 -L/Drlg. 3/76 Contract w/Houston Oil & Ta-m o u t Min to 8/l/76. SOURCE: Offshore Rig Data Services@ "The Offshore Rig Location Report", P. 0. Box 19247, Houston, Texas 770 REFERENCE FOR SUB-CONTRACTORS Hallib. Halliburton Tidewater Mar. Ti;dewater Marine A. Martin A. Martin A. Levy Arthur Levy Milchem_ Milchem Oceaneering 0ceaneering International Offsh. Log Offshore Logistics Candies' Candies Ocean System Ocean Systems B.J. Byron Jackson Dresser Dresser Industries Tidex Tidex Acadian Mar. Adadian Marine-Services State Boat State'Boat Corporation SUPPORT SERVICES SUPPORT SERVICES The process of-drilling and completing an offshore well involves not only a drilling contractor and an oil company, but includes many different support services and suppliers of materials and equipment. These support services and suppliers may generally be classified into five groups: 1. those..which transport,the rig to the well site and assist in making the rig ready for drilling 2. those which provide services and supplies for the drilling process 3. those which provide services and supplies in completing the well 4. those involved in pipeline construction and 5. those involved in production platform construction and operation. All of the support groups have a common characteristic in that' they are dependent on marine or air transportation in providing their service. In Texas, most of the offshore support groups are located in and around the Houston area. The reason for this is mainly logistical in that most of the offshore activity in Texas has been near the Houston area and the Port of Houston and other nearby ports provide adequate docking and storage facilities for these businesses. Also, Houston is the leading oil center in the United States and most of these support groups are located in and around Harris County. Some support services may be classified in more than one of the five groups. For example, marine transportation services are required for all phases of a drilling operation. They assist in transportation and setting up the rig, they provide supplies for the drilling operation and in completing the wel '1, they assist in pipe-line-construction and they are necessary in production platform construction and operation. Others such --- as-cementing services are only required--i-n-one-pha-se of operating, that of completing the well. Table 8 is a list of the different support services-required.for each--of the -f-ive-phases- Table 9 is a composite of the different support services in each county-along the coast. 90 TABLE 8 Support Services and Supplies Moving the Rig Drilling Completion. Pipelines Production 1. tug boats 1. supply boat 1. supply boats 1. pipe suppliers 1. helic-opters 2. supply boats 2. service boats 2. service boats 2. pipe laying 2. , crew boats barges 3. fabricators .3. crew boats 3.- crew boats 3. helicopters 3. supply boat! 4. helicopters 4. helicopters 4. helicopters 4. welders 4. fabricators 5. service boats catering services 5. catering services 5. pipe burying 5. welders services 6. mud supply 6. cement supply 6. supply boats, 6. catering AJ services D 7. divers 7. cementing services 7. pipe coating 8. tool rental 8. tool rental 9. wel,l logging 9. casing crew 10. drill pipe suppliers 10.' casing supply 11. drill bit suppliers 11. welders 12. welders 12. welders 13. oil well supply 13. wireline services 14. perforating services 15. directional drilling services TABLE 9 SUPPORT INDUSTRIES Servicer- Number of Tupplier Establishments Acidizing - Formation Beaumont 1 Corpus Christi 3 Houston Aircraft.Charter Houston 4 La Porte 1 Anchor Handling Crew Houston 1 Anchors - Marine Houston 1 Anchors - Pipeline Houston 2 Automatic Drillers Bay City i Corpus Christi 1 Freeport .1 Galveston 1 Houston 3 Kingsville 1 Port Lavaca 1 Port O'Connor 1 Sabine Pass 1 Belts Beaumont 1 Houston 8 Corpus Christi 2 Refugio 1 Bits Corpus Christi 3 Houston 9 Refugio 1 Pasadena 1 31 Servicer- Number of Supplier Establishments Bits - Diamond Corpus Christi 2 Houston 4 Refugio 1 Blocks - Traveling Beaumont I Corpus Christi Houston 7 Refugio 1 Blowout Preventers Houston 2 Casing Crews Alvin I Casing - New Corpus Christi 2 Houston 19 Galena Park 1 Refugio I Casing - Used Corpus Christi I Houston 5 Catering Cement - Bulk Houston 1 Cementing Houston 2 Beaumont I Corpus Christi 2 Cementing Equipment Beaumont 1 Corpus Christi 2 Houston 3 Centralizers Beaumont I Corpus Christi 2 Houston 4 32 Servicer- Number of Supplier Establishments Centrifuging Bay City I Corpus Christi 2 Freeport 1 Galveston 1 Houston 2 Kingsville 1 Port Lavaca Port O'Connor 1 Sabine Pass I Chain - Anchor Beaumont 1 Houston 2' Chains- Industrial Houston 1 Chains & Sprockets Beaumont 1 Bellaire 1 Corpus Christi 1 Houston 2 Charts - Nautical Houston 1 Charts Recording Corpus Christi- I Houston 1 Chemical-Treating Formation Bay City 1 Corpus Christi 2 Freeport 1 Galveston 1 Houston 1 Kingsville I Port Lavaca I Port O'Connor 1 Sabine Pass 1 Chemicals & Compounds Formation Bay City Freeport Galveston Corpus Christi Houston 4 Kingsville 1 Port Lavaca 1 Servicer- Number of Supplier Establishments Chemicals & Compounds Formation (cont) Port O'Connor Sabine Pass Beaumont Chemicals & Compounds Industrial Bay City Corpus Christi Freeport Galveston 2 Houston 6 Kingsville 1 Port Lavaca 1 Port O'Connor 1 Sabine Pass 1 Pasadena 1 Completion Services- Houston 4 Corpus Christi 1 Completion Tools' Directional Drilling EquipmEnt Corpus Christi I Houston 4 Directional-Drilling Services Corpus Christi 2 Houston 3 Diving Services Freeport 2 Hous.ton 2 Drawworks Beaumont 1 Corpus Christi 2 Houston 7 Refugio 1 Dredging Aransas Pass 1 Corpus Christi 1 34 Servicer- Number of Supplier Establishments Drill Collars Corpus Christi 1 Houston 4 Drilling Contractors - Marine Corpus Christi 1 Houston 9 Engine Repairs Corpus Christi 1 Houston 1 Fabricators Beaumont 1 Corpus Christi 1 Galveston 1 Houston 18 Gauges Corpus Christi 1 Houston 5 Refugio 1 Helicopters -Charter Houston 3 Sabine Pass 1 Logging - Electric Beaumont 1 Corpus Christi 3 Houston 3 Marine-Construction Corpus Christi 2 Galveston 1 Houston 3 Aransas Pass 1 Marine Loading & Docking Facilities Galveston 1 Houston 3 Marine Repairs Corpus Christi 1 Galveston 1 Houston 2 35 Servicer- Number of Supplier Establishments Marine Supplies La Plarque 1 Beaumont Houston 3 Marine Vessels - Barges Aransas Pass Corpus Christi Galveston Houston 3 Marine Vessels - Cargo Boats Freeport I Houston I Marine Vessels - Crew Boats Aransas Pass 1 Freeport 3 Galveston 1 Houston 2 Marine Vessels Fabrication Galveston 2 Houston 5 Rockport 1 Marine Vessels- Supply Boats Aransas Pass 2 Freeport 1 Galveston 1 Houston 7 Marine Vessels - Tugs Ocean Aransas Pass 1 Freeport 1 Galveston 1 Houston 6 Marine Vessel-s - Tugs - Offshore Aransas Pass 2 Freeport- I Galveston 1 Houston 7 Marine Vessels Work Boats Freeport 1 Houston 3 36 Servicer- Number of Supplier Establishments Mud Bay City 3 Corpus Christi 4 Freeport 3 Galveston 3 Houston 9 Kingsville 1 Port Lavaca Port O'Connor 3 Sabine Pass 2 Ingleside 1 Jacinto City 1 Alvin 2 Beaumont 1 Robstown 1 Rockport 1 Mud Analysis Bay CiTty I Corpus Christi 1 Freeport 1 Galveston 1 Houston I Kingsville Port Lavaca Port O'Connor 1 Sabine Pass I Mud Logging Bay Ci-ty 1 Corpus Christi 2 Freeport 1 Galveston 2 Houston.. 4 Kingsville 1 Port Lavaca 1 Port O'Connor 1 Sabine Pass 1 Mud Pumps Corpus Christi 1 Houston 5 Refugio 1 Offshore Construction Houston---- Offshore Drilling Equipment Houston 3 37 Servicer- Number of Supplier Establishments Packers Alvin 1 Corpus Christi 2 Houston 3 Perforating Bay City I Beaumont I Corpus Christi 3 Houston 2 Refugio 1 Pipe Drill Beaumont 1 Corpus Christi I Houston 9 Refugio 1 Pipeline Contractors Marine Houston 1 Sandblasting Corpus Christi 1 Houston 3 Seabrook 1 Shale Shakers Bay City 1 Corpus Christi 2 Freeport 1 Galveston 1 Houston 6 Kingsville 1 Port Lavaca 1 Port O'Connor 1 Sabine Pass I Shipyards Corpus Christi 1 Orange Houston 2 Galveston I Tongs - Casing & Tubing Corpus Christi I Houston 3 Refugio 1 38 Servicer- Number of Supplier Establishments Tongs - Power Alvin 1 Corpus Christi 1 Houston 4 Refugio 1 Tool Rental Houston 2 Tubing - New Corpus Christi 1 Galena Park 1 Houston 15 Refugio 1 Valves Beaumont 1 Corpus Christi 2 Houston 22 Pasadena 1 Refugio 1 Welding Beaumont 1 Corpus Christi 2 Houston 7 Workover - Marine Corpus Christi 1 Houston 2 Source.: Petroleum Industry Yel low Pages, Gulf Coast Region 1976. Whico Atlas Company,Houston, Texas. 39 DATE D-UE GAYLORDINo. 2333 PRI14TED IN USA fill 3 6668 14106 9 6