[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]




                                                                                                                                                                                                     ENCLOSURE #3


                                                                                 FAIRMOUNT WATER WORKS
                                                                               FOREBAY FEASIBILITY STUDY



                                                                                                    NIAMANNA MOMAS "ClUrECTS

















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                                                                                 I-IISTORICAL CONSULTANT: CLIO GROUP, INC.

                                                                             CONSULTING ENGINEER. ANG ASSOCIATES, INC.

                                                                                  LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT: HEXAGON LHVIITED

                                                             COST CONSULTANT: INTERNATIONAL CONSULTANTS, INC.



                                                                                                                                      JUNE 30,1990

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                                   FAEMOUNT WATER WORKS
                                   FOREBAY FEASIBRHY STUDY


                                             prepared for

                        THE WATER DEPARTMENT, CITY OF PHLADELPHIA


                                 Funded and Coordinated through the
                         Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources
                                   Office of Resource Management
                               Bureau of Water Resources Management
                                Division of Coastal Zone Management


                                             prepared by




                                MARIANA THOMS ARCIRTF
                                    Marianna M. Thomas George Ross
                              Elizabeth M. Adams James Biek William L. Breard
                             Carl J. Frederick Dennis E. McGrath Lisa Soderberg



                                                with




                                         CUO GROUP, INC
                           Timothy M. Noble Emily T.C. Jernigan George E. Thomas



                                        FMXAGON LHA[TED
                                          Judith A. Kennerdell



                                      ANG ASSOCIATES, INC
                                             Wing C. Au


                               H0TERNATIONAL CONSULTANTS, INC
                                           Michael C. Funk



                                            June 30, 1990
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                                  TABLE OF CONTENTS


                                  1.        Introduction


                                  III.      Background
                                            A.       Chronological Summary
                                            B.       Summary of Historic Significance

                                  III.      Historic Preservation Philosophy
                                            A.       Symbolic Re-creation
                                            B.       Accurate Physical Preservation

                                  IV.       Design Objectives
                                            A.       Historic Preservation Objectives
                                            B.       Occupancy Objectives
                                            C.       Current Physical Constraints

                                  V.        Schematic Design
                                            A.       Scheme A: Cliffside Drive
                                            B.       Scheme B: South Garden Ramp
                                            C.       Scheme C: New Mill House Plaza
                                            D.       Scheme A: Site Plan
                                            E.       Scheme B: Site Plan
                                            F.       Scheme C: Site Plan
                                            G.       Schemes A, B, C: Site Sections


                                  V1.       Circulation Studies for North Access: Alternates 1 - 4


                                  VII.      Forebay Masterplan
                                            A.       Long Range Site Development
                                            B.       Phase One: Scheme D
                                            C.       Scheme D: Site Plan
                                            D.       Scheme D: Site Sections


                                  VIII.     Project Budget

                                  D(.       Appendix
                                            A.       Statement of the Problem
                                            B.       1875 Narrative Description
                                            C.       Historic Plans
                                            D.       Historic Views
                                                     1.       Forebay and Bridge
                                                     2.       Cliffside Paths and Structures
                                                     3.       South Garden
                                            E.       Questionnaires Completed by Project Participants

                                  X.        Supplement: Documentation for Excavated Forebay
                                            A.       Structural Evaluation of Forebay and Bridge
                                            B.       Outline Scope of Excavation Work
                                            C.       Retaining Wall: Section A
                                            D.       Specification for Excavation
                                            E.       Specification for Seeding
                                            F.       Excavation Grading Plan (unbound insert):
                                                     site services by Ang Associates, Inc. and grading by Hexagon Limited



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I            I. INTRODUCTION
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                HqTRODUCTION



                For nearly two centuries the Fairmount Water Works has been among the most valued of Philadelphia's
                treasures, the result of the nearly perfect joining of nature and manmade structures to serve the physical,
                intellectual, and spiritual needs of the city's residents. Though it is no longer operational, it recalls the
                time when it was the nation's first large scale waterworks, a factual expression of the willingness of
                Philadelphians to undertake great projects and to take great risks to overcome great crises. Its
                classicizing architecture bespoke Philadelphia's ambition to be perceived as the "Athens of America,"
                not merely a place of classical buildings but a center of culture and civilization. For nearly half of its
                history the waterworks continued to evolve as technology changed, giving it significance in the history
                of engineering and technology. In those years the buildings and landscape came to be enjoyed as a
                place of recreation, outside the limits of the city and removed from the pressures of man's enterprise.
                Indeed, though it was a product of the beginning of the industrial revolution, it could be argued that it
                was also a response to the pressures which the Industrial Revolution created, necessitating recreation,
                and the return to nature.


                Thus, though the Water Works is rooted in the problem of and the technological solution to the provision
                of water to the city, for most of its history it has been at least as much a promenade, a place for a
                beverage and a light lunch or dinner, a place for fishing and listening to and watching the flow of the
                river. A century after the Water Works were made redundant, it is as a place of recreation that the site
                will continue to find its use. It will be more successful if the original cornucopaeia of uses of the
                nineteenth century are restored. In the twentieth century, Americans have different recreational
                expectations. No longer do we find time for the simple pleasures of a stroll for two or three hours,
                augmented by a meal. We drive to dinner, spend a few moments looking at the scenery, view it
                uncomprehendingly and leave for the words and images of television.

                Without uses and users, city sites are doomed to decay and destruction. The Water Works must find a
                means by which its buildings and places are operated profitably, sustaining its care while keeping the
                buildings and landscape in the public eye. In our society, food has become a major source of recreation;
                given the addition of an interpretive center, and the possibilities for use of portions of the site for special
                events, the potential for a permanent facility is eminently realizable.

                Restoration or Adaptation

                While the purpose of the site has been defined, the character of the site requires collaborative thought.
                Because of the obvious importance of the surviving artifacts, the Historic Structures Report and most of
                the reviewers have presumed that restoration would be the fundamental approach. There is no doubt
                that it is the basic direction that must be taken. Still, the realities of the changes to the site cannot be
                overlooked. The site is no longer a waterworks, but is instead a garden and fishing pier with various
                sculptur eis and small buildings dating primarily from before 1871. Presently it lacks the major landscape
                water feature of the forebay with its vast roar of water racing through turbines, but it is also missing the
                sculptural and architectural elements of the distribution arch and the standpipe, while the reservoir
                basins have been replaced by the great base of the museum.

                Despite the impact of those changes, the basic characteristics of the site, small buildings from the








               beginnings of the industrial age in the midst of gardens along a river bank, would have been explicable
               and generally consistent to a modem viewer. They were fundamentally changed in their meaning by
               the addition to the site in the 1920s of the Philadelphia Museum of Art which controls the approach and
               dominates the skyline, leaving the ancient buildings as little more than the base for the vast mass of the
               museum. More than just the backdrop has been altered, however, for the East River Drive is no longer a
               slow moving carriage-way but rather a high-speed highway that separates the Water Works from the
               remainder of its site. In the nineteenth century, most visitors strolled the river banks, walked up to the
               boathouses, and completed the afternoon with a visit to Lemon Hill which was as well known an eatery
               in the Park, as Valley Green is now. Even if those elements had not changed, the immediate site of the
               waterworks has been altered by roadways which have obliterated gardens in order to provide access to
               the Water Works buildings when they served as an aquarium and pool.

               The result is that it is quite impossible to do an absolute restoration to a target date of 1871 or 1911 or
               any other period. At best the goal might merely be stated as the stabilization and adapative re-use of the
               existing structures and setting. Modifications of the site to enhance the proposed immediate use should
               aim for the maximum level of protection for the site for future work. If so limited a perspective were
               taken the site would be doomed to continue as a fragmented site secondary to its more monumental
               neighbor on the heights. It is our belief that the special character of the Water Works deserves more
               attention.


               To that end we have examined the site in terms of its potential for restoration and propose the following
               zones and hierarchies:


               1.       The Water Works buildings: the engine house, the mill house, and the wing dam - the pre-1875
                        site.


               These are the central buildings of the Water Works experience, defining its uniqueness by style, color, and
               architectural character, and providing the quintessential stage that unites river and public. Their public
               character must survive - fortunately history demonstrates that the engine house, after being made
               redundant by the turbines, served as a saloon and public place of entertaim-nent. Private use and public
               access have never been mutually exclusive. Here, at this site, they have been closely connected for a
               century and a half. Nor are we particularly impressed with the necessity to adhere strictly to a single
               moment of significance - which can not be obtained without extensive reconstruction of missing
               architectural and landscape elements - unless the 1920s after the construction of the Museum and the
               abandonment of the Water Works function were made the period of restoration. We are largely content
               with what is - so long as it is generally understandable, believing that the historical experience will be an
               important draw in an ever more artificial world.

               2.       Parterre landscape south of the Water Works - the 1870s tableau.

               From the second quarter of the nineteenth century, the Water Works was landscaped and embellished by
               sculptures and fountains as an expression of the public character of the site and as the setting for this
               important utility. Much of that landscape has been swept away in a century of change, notably the
               upper reservoirs and approaches now occupied by the Museum and the Reilly Memorial. More notable
               is the immense change in the meaning of the site that occured with the extension of the Parkway into the
               region below the Museurn. The circle on East River Drive was connected by a diagonal to a second circle
               on axis with the Museum. There a "Trivium" or triple array of streets/ vistas were laid out, one the









                Reilly Memorial, another an eastern axis, while the third became Aquarium Drive in front of the
                Water Works. Though it links the earlier site to the modem plan it also subordinates it, as a side light off
                the main axis. These both change the character of the Water Works entrance while reducing the original
                landscape to a lost and nearly meaningless feature.

                The potential of the Water Works site is of course very different. The dramatic rough stone walls and
                ravines of the Fairmount and the riverbank enclose a space which once was a handsome formal
                landscape, conceived in the earliest years of the site and in accord with the fundamental character of the
                buildings. Its small parterre dotted with architectural fountains and memorials, and arranged with
                gravel paths and plantings of the Gardenesque sort, were appropriate to the character of Graff's late
                Federal designs. For a time it was entered both from the water works end and from a plaza at the base
                of the old Spring Garden Street Bridge, an idea which survived in the steps down from the bridge of the
                1870s. Taken together with the natural cliff and the modest elements of the early buildings, these
                gardens form an elegant small-scale Victorian tableau that should confront the approaching user from
                the north and east,


                The opposite end of the site was dominated by the great moving sheet of water of the forebay which
                filled from the back side of the mill house to the the far side of the present drive, reaching to the base of
                the stone cliffs. Spanned by a bridge which gave access it provided a dynamic counterpart to the static
                parterre. Water appeared elsewhere as well in tall water-jets. Thus water was the feature which
                emphasized that this was a waterworks, and not just another garden.

                In view of the importance of the historic site, it is particularly important that water eventually be
                reintroduced into the forebay, but even without it, a landscaped treatment of the lower level of ground
                and the restoration of the bridge and south garden will go far towards a sympathetic setting. At every
                turn, the landscape along the river edge should be turned towards the chosen 1870s period of
                significance, particularly linking the waterworks and the boathouses. Perhaps, even though it would not
                be pure restoration, it would be wise to add lighting of the sort used on the boathouses to link these two
                small scale Victorian sites, thus taking advantage of a modern Philadelphia favorite feature and
                differentiating the Water Works from the glowing wall illumination of the Musuern above.

                3.      The Museum, and Reilly Memorial- 1920s Beaux-Arts Formalism

                The distant and most familiar views from the Spring Garden Bridge, and the West River Drive by
                contrast are a creation of the twentieth century. The Museum is a building of immense size, with vast,
                unarticulated wall surfaces, gargantuan columns and pediments and linked to a landscape that reach all
                the way to City Hall. In and of itself it transformed the character of the site because it caused the
                removal of the original reservoirs and architectural features. But the Museum also transformed its
                immediate topography, spreading out areas of parking and adding the Reilly Memorial ramp down to
                the Water Works. This introduced a spatial axis which diverts the attention of the visitor from the
                Water Works to the Museum.


                The Museum need not completely overwhelm the Water Works, for as noted above it has its own
                distinct landscape that deserves celebration and emphasis. Ordinarily contemporary preservation
                practice would call for the preservation of the modem Cret-Greber landscape. We would argue because
                of their grossly different scale and character that the two zones should be kept separate and distinct.
                Moreover, because of major changes in the Cret-Greber plan, notably in the closing off of the axis








                 through the azalea garden, and the intention of restoring the historic bridge to the millhouse, it is no
                 longer essential to maintain all elements of the 1920s plan. Because it is intended that the Water Works
                 zone be given its own distinct character, the entrance to the site off the 1928 Seahorse Fountain circle
                 should be given a distinct character different from the Reilly axis. Wherever the sites come together, their
                 connections should be purposeful and distinct. The design should look carefully at the intentions and
                 architectural vocabulary of the 1920s designers for lighting, railings, and other details to avoid blurring
                 the distinction between the two disparate sections.

                 4.      The modem road access, drives and connections - the 1990s


                 The present project offers several possible options which, plainly stated, might be summarized as first,
                 restoration of and use of features from a single period of significance to try to create a convincing though
                 in fact artificial setting, second, a modem 1990s design in keeping with the historic character of the site
                 that would represent the continuing adaptation of the site by Phildelphians, or finally a combination of
                 the above approaches. Each has much to support it; the first perhaps gives the site a consistant and
                 therefore perceivably historic character and feeling which might be extended even to costuming the
                 restaurant staff. The second acknowledges the true state of affairs and would require the least
                 disruption while playing on the creative tension between the present and the past. The third approach
                 might take its vertical detail from the 1870s while recalling lost features in modem materials in paving.
                 In any case, this work should be designed in such a way as to permit future restoration as funds and
                 information pem-dtted while simultaneously adding features that might emphasize the new uses and
                 function of the site.


                 Recommendations for Periods of Significance

                 In accordance with previous decisions, the 1871 condition was assumed as the period of significance for
                 the buildings, as established in the Adaptive Reuse Feasibili1y Study prepared in 1981 by John Milner
                 Associates. By that date, the deck of the Old Mill House had been elevated to its present level for
                 incorporation of the large new turbines and the Pavillion and the Entrance Houses added atop the deck.
                 While the authors of the Milner study recognized the aesthetic and interpretive desirability of a unified
                 period of significance for the site, they proposed a later date, after infill of the Forebay, for flexibility of
                 planning for reuse of the site. They felt that the 1920s basis, after construction of Aquarium Drive,
                 would facilitate pedestrian and vehicular circulation, access for service and fire protection equipment.
                 But, because of major changes that have occured in the Cret-Greber plan of radiating avenues, and
                 because of the desire to emphasize the Water Works, the landscape component of the site should be
                 significantly reinterpreted. This will enable the site to work in its proposed public use as a restaurant
                 and Interpretive Center while also differentiating it from the Museum zone above. The intermediate
                 zone of the Forebay offers an opportunity for resolution of the dialectic between the 1870s Water Works
                 site and adjoining 20th century landscape elements. Development of a philosophical and aesthetic
                 approach to treatment of the Forebay lies at the heart of the site's interpretation and the design
                 challenge.









               Methodology

               Development of consistent accurate base documentation proved to be a challenge. Project services
               started with a search for historic drawings to augment the measured plans, sections and elevations
               prepared by HAER, the utility plans and historic photographs provided by the Water Department.
               Through field visits and careful comparison of the documentation with the photogrammetric site plan
               prepared for the Fairmount Park Commission, the outlines of the missing and altered features were
               located and base drawings were prepared. To enhance our 3-dimensional understanding of grades and
               water levels at different phases of the site's development, construction of a scale site model was begun
               immediately.

               Programmetric information on planned uses of the site was drawn from numerous sources. The
               description of the exhibits proposed by the Water Department for the spaces below the Engine House
               and South Entrance Building was taken from Matheu Cebul and Associates, Design for an Interpretive
               Center at the Fairmount Waterworks, Final Report June 30, 1986. Alternative uses considered for other
               buildings were reviewed in John Milner Associates, Adal2tive Reuse Feasibilijy Study for the Fairmount
               Waterworks, September, 1981. Sketch plans of the proposed restaurant occupancy of the Old Mill House
               and Engine House were provided by representatives of the Fairmount Park Commission who were
               involved at the time in the negotiation of a potential lease for such use.

               The primary sources of programmatic data, however, were the participants in the 15 year process of
               planning the restoration and adaptive reuse of the Water Works. A questionnaire was prepared at the
               start of the project and circulated to representatives of the Water Department, the Fairmount Park
               Comn-iission, the Philadelphia Historical Comn-dssion, the Philadelphia Art Museum, the Junior League
               and consultants involved with aspects of the process. Their responses provided us with a rich
               combination of factual background, planning history and aspirations. Finally, our review of the original
               and changing uses of the site included key contemporary 19th century accounts, as well as such
               secondary sources as the National Landmark nomination and Jane M. Gibson, "The Fairmount
               Waterworks," Bulletin Vol. 84, nos. 360,361 (Philadelphia: Philadelphia Art Museum, summer, 1988.)

               Our interdisciplinary team approach to the design problem involved visits to the site by the entire team
               and several brain-storming sessions. In the search for compatibility of site interpretations goals, historic
               preservation criteria and proposed adaptive uses, the Team discussed several strategies for
               accommodating users and service for each occupancy. Feasibility of each strategy was analyzed in
               plans, section and grading sketches. Unworkable ideas were replaced with new alternatives until three
               viable contrasting schemes emerged. After satisfying ourselves that all three met the criteria we had
               jointly developed, we proceeded with drawings and written analyses for presentation to project
               participants on January 26, 1990 and to the Fairmount Park Commission on February 14, 1990.








              The dialogue between project team members and project participants to whom we presented was
              provocative and fruitful. It provided additional background for our development of the final
              masterplan, which proceeded a couple of month later. After discussion with other project participants
              and particularly with the prospective restaurant tenant, the Water Department asked us to study
              circulation variants which drew upon two of the schemes which we had presented. Eventually a
              consensus on direction was reached by the city and the Project Team was instructed to develop one of
              those variants as the masterplan for the site, focusing on an initial construction phase involving partial
              excavation of the Forebay without the reintroduction of water.

              We would like to thank those who have been generous with us with their time and thoughts and who
              have provided us with an understanding of the complex context of the Water Works restoration project.




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 1                            11. BACKGROUND
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                               A.    Chronological Summary
 I                             B.    Summary of Historic Significance
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               CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY: FAIRMOUNT WATERWORKS



               Supporting rnaterial

               To further support these decisions, we have summarized a chronology of the evolution of the site,
               drawing on Jane Mork Gibson's studies, the John Milner Adaptive Reuse Feasibility Study, the Historic
               Landmark Nomination by Carolyn Pitts, the archives of the Water Department and the numerous
               contemporary documents available in the Free Library, the Clio Group, Inc. Archives and so on. It is by
               no means all-inclusive, nor should it be viewed as a basis for restoration - merely as a platform for the
               setting of directions. When those directions are established, there should be additional research and
               documentation, particularly copy photography of the historic views to help establish details with a high
               degree of accuracy.

               Chronological Sununary

               The idea of a single, healthy water supply for the city from the Schuylkill first dates to Latrobe's Center
               Square design for the Watering Committee at the end of the 18th century. This initial attempt and its
               somewhat unreliable steam-powered engine were greatly improved upon by the Fairmount
               Water Works.


               First construction of the Fairmount Water Works was begun in 1812, with a building using steam power
               to pump water to a reservoir at the top of the Fairmount hill. What we today recognize as the
               Water Works was begun in 1819 with the commission of the construction of a dam across the river and
               the excavation into the rock of the Fairmount of the forebay to run the waterwheels. The first of these
               began operating in 1822. The forebay, whose head arch bridge controlled the flow of water into the mill
               house, created a peninsula of the Water Works, separating it from the shore of the river. The mound dam
               portion of the complex turned off at an angle to the mill house.

               The handsome neoclassical buildings were designed by Frederick Graff to accommodate visitation to
               view the workings of the mechanism, bringing the public to the site. The initial build included the
               engine house and the adjacent mill house, with a plaza area defined by a balustrade. A simpler rail
               fence was initially used on the head arch bridge. This rustic t      of fence was also used to enclose the
                                                                               ype
               south garden and the path up to the top of the Fairmount.

               By 1830, the garden on the southeast side of Engine House had been laid out and landscaped. Its design,
               one of a geometric path system, conveyed the notion of order and man's mastery of nature that
               corresponded to the Water Works itself. Two Frederick Graff, Jr. site plans from 1851, one of the
               Fairmount and one of the proposed recreational area above the Water works, reflect a layout based on a
               combination of radiating and grid motif areas. A modified quadrant plan fronted the engine house,
               with the eastern half forming three radiating areas. The area south of the Engine House was organized
               around the fountain which was framed by an elliptical path. The fountain first featured the Boy and
               Dolphin statue designed by Graff; in 1872 that was replaced by a bronze cast of Rush's Nymph and
               Bittern. South of the fountain ellipse the grid motif was repeated.

               Views from the 1830s indicate that the pattern shown in the Graff plans were original, and an early
               twentieth century atlas shows that the pattern survived virtually unchanged through the nineteenth








                century, with only the addition of a secondary ellipse adjacent to the engine house for the Graff
                Memorial. The early views also show that the south garden, while not particularly innovative in design,
                reflected contemporary landscape fashion. Curving paths defined manicured lawn areas planted with
                individual trees and shrubs in seen-dng random fashion. Planting sites are not specified in detail in the
                Water Department Annual Reports, though other committee records may well have discussed the issue
                in greater depth, and some species names are included. Early views indicate the importance of the
                weeping willow (Salix babyjonica), a popular nineteenth century tree, at the Water Works, particularly
                along the river's edge on the sides of the mound dam, although maturity in these views cannot be relied
                upon.


                The south garden clearly corresponds to what early nineteenth century English landscape theoretician J.
                C. Loudon termed the Gardenesque. A. J. Downing, American landscape author, named the same
                approach the Beautiful, contrasting it with the more naturalistic Picturesque. Downing notes that in the
                Beautiful "the keeping of such a scene should be of the most polished kind, -grass mown into a softness
                like velvet, gravel walks scrupulously firm, dry, and clean; and the most perfect order and neatness
                should reign throughouf'[A Treatise on the TheoMand Practice of Landscape Gardening, (6th ed., 1859.
                Reprint. New York, 1967), p. 58.1

                Photographs from the Water Department records show the apparent persistence of this style of
                landscape treatment through the nineteenth century. The primary change came with the maturing of the
                trees, of which all appear to be deciduous, to form a dense shade canopy. It is of probable significance
                to the site that many evergreens are associated in Downing more with the Picturesque than with the
                Beautiful, particularly specimen tree species, which may account for their absence in the photographs,
                although other factors may have been involved. While detail is inconclusive, these photographs also
                indicate that certain areas may have been planted with lower ground cover varieties, possibly ivy or
                periwinkle, for example, while other areas clearly persist as turf. It is possible that the Victorian interest
                in bedding out that arose after mid-century may also have influenced the south garden plantings,
                although the sources provided for this report are inconclusive on this point.

                Significant changes in the Water Works themselves at mid-century were begun by Frederick Graff, Jr. in
                the addition of the first turbine in 1851. This led to the need for an additional reservoir and a new
                standpipe was built at the top of the hill, clad in brick and in the style of a campanile. The stone
                distribution arch was constructed in his same connection in 1860          " Photographs indicate that the
                standpipe and the arch were dramatic features, with the arch providing both an observation deck and,
                below, a framed view by means of a path which led through it from Fairmount. The new mill house
                was built between 1859 and 1862 to accommodate further new turbines on the site of the original mound
                dam, and a plaza was constructed on top, which expanded the area for public strolling. Graff added an
                open pavilion at the center of the original mill house, flanked by two entrance buildings on a plan
                similar to that originally envisioned by his father.

                Landscape embellishments were added        throughout the century. A gazebo was placed by 1830 at the
                end of the mound dam, overlooking the river. Early on, another gazebo, originally an open air trellis,
                also articulated a vantage point on the hill. Other observation points were created by additional
                gazebos on paths on the hill, with rustic summer houses being added in the 1860s, according to The
                American Architect and Building New by Frank Furness. The paths on the hillside were developed to a
                complex system, including a dramatic descent through the distribution arch. The stone balustrade which
                originally defined the mill house was extended to the head arch bridge, the new mill house, and to the








               distribution arch, defining the zone of the Water Works. Rustic, woven tree branch fences and elegant,
               curvilinear cast iron railings replaced the rail fence on the paths up the hill and in the south garden,
               marking a clear distinction of zones between the Water Works and its adjacent areas. A large number of
               benches were added to the garden in the 1870s.

               By the Centennial, the Water Works and its surrounding gardens were one of the premier sites in the city
               and the nation, prominently featured in city and Centennial guides. That use continued into the
               twentieth century, until the construction of the Art Museum sited on the old reservoir, and the
               development of the Parkway which funneled its traffic onto the East River Drive. This new highway cut
               the Water Works off from its old support facilities - particularly Lemon Hill which was transformed into
               the museum director's residence. The former public boathouse was pressed into service as a refreshment
               stand; the Water Works were adapted to serve as an aquarium which in turn became a favorite feature of
               the city. One by one the surviving elements of the public realm were abandoned, leaving the
               Water Works as a fragment of the rich combination of technology and artistry that had so intrigued
               nineteenth century America.










                SUMMARY OF HISTORIC SIGNIFICANCE


                The Fairmount Water Works was constructed for the single, apparently simple purpose of providing the
                City of Philadelphia with a healthful water supply. This one initial reason for existence belies the Water
                Works' complex role in the nineteenth century city and its impact not only throughout this country, but
                internationally. Because of its uncommon richness, it was recognized as a National Historic Landmark
                in 1976.


                The Water Works merges, in a truly remarkable fashion, several areas of landmark historic significance
                within this one public amenity. As an example of civic design, it combines engineering innovation with
                the elegance of architecture and sculpture. It is also strategic as public landscape architecture and a
                place of recreation. All these elements combined to create a site which, though now changed, remains a
                crucial place for the city, symbolizing its commitment to enhancing public welfare, both by providing a
                vital utility and enormous aesthetic and recreational enrichment.

                As an engineering phenomenon, Fairmount's list of technical firsts is extremely impressive, as is the
                ingenuity of Graff's design, and warrants its status as a National Engineering Landmark. That it was
                simply the first to provide the city with a reliable supply of (relatively) healthy water was probably
                sufficiently impressive to its contemporary residents. The Water Works was also located virtually
                adjacent to another nineteenth engineering marvel, the Wire Bridge at Callowhill Street.

                It is particularly significant that what today might be considered merely a utility was designed as a place
                of public visitation. It was a place of allegory of the dominance of nature for man's benefit, and of the
                triumph of science and art. This is evident in the elegant neo-classical design of the architecture, which
                created a discreet sense of place accentuated by the forebay bridge, particularly in contrast to the stone of
                the cliff behind. The allegorical element is most explicit in Rush's (significant as the first native
                American sculptor) beautiful statues, in which the Schuylkill is freed by the Water Works to benefit man.
                The benefited public was thus instructed by the vision of the mastering of the river in the form of the
                water rushing through the forebay and the motion of the machinery.

                The two rivers which bound the city have played distinct roles in its formation. The Delaware, initially
                much more navigable, served for transportation and commerce, and as the starting point for the urban
                center. The Schuylkill, by contrast, shallow and marshy before nineteenth century dredging, became the
                river of leisure. Country seats were built on its higher banks that provided picturesque views. Hence, a
                civic service which performed a recreational role in addition to a purely functional one was entirely
                appropriate to the smaller river. The idea of dorridnation of nature for the benefit of man is carried out
                even in the garden. Here, geometric paths border and confine the vegetation.

                The Water Works formed the crucial nucleus for a public, recreational river zone which was first
                extended to Lemon Hill. There, the mental refreshment provided by the passive viewing of wonders of
                science, art, and nature at the Water Works could be combined with refreshment of the body. Food and
                drink could be had on a trip out of the city which could include an excursion further up-river on a boat
                leaving from above the forebay. In addition to Lemon Hill, the Rialto, a popular tavern above the
                forebay, provided this service. The recreation provided by the river zone was enhanced by the addition
                of the boathouses beginning in the 1860s. Their pleasing appearance was legislated by the city.

                As the genesis of what was to become Fairmount Park, one of this country's first, and as a design









              treasure in many ways, the Water Works are of obvious enormous importance. They are not only of
              great importance to Philadelphia's past, but of immense, enduring valueto the present.




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                                A.     Symbolic Re-creation
 i                              B.     Accurate Physical Preservation
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               HISTORIC PRESERVATION PHI]LOSOPHY


               The Design Team approached the Feasibility Study of development alternates for the Forebay of the
               Fairmount Water Works, weighing historic preservation criteria along with other major goals. We felt
               that selection of our team, with its strong record of restoration and preservation projects, represented a
               desire on the part of the selection committee for a solution grounded in historic preservation.

               The theoretical approaches suggested in the Introduction indicate the problems of defining an
               appropriate preservation goal. Grappling with that definition problem, we have come to differentiate
               between two quite different approaches to restoration, accurate physical restoration of authentic historic
               fabric and symbolic re-creation of key elements. The former approach has been much discussed by
               preservation professionals and advocates, so that preservation practice in the 1990s is based upon a
               general consensus, which is succinctly summarized in the Secretary of the Interior's Standards for
               Historic Preservation Projects. The latter approach is probably more frequently discussed by planners
               and designers than by preservationists and lacks the authority of professional consensus. In symbolic
               re-creation one seeks to distill from history the essence of a site or building and create a means of
               conveying a gestalt understanding of key forms and concepts. The re-creations range from literal
               duplication to metaphoric artifice. At the literal end of the continuum, built fabric conveys very concrete
               forms, while at the metaphoric end, artifices such as tromp l'oeil paintings or sculptural outlines are
               substituted, as suggestions or ghosts of the forms or concepts.

               Symbolic Re-creation

               Many early preservation projects in the 1940s and 50s in the United States n-tight now be viewed more as
               symbolic re-creations than as accurate physical restorations. In the attempt to create a gestalt whole,
               planners and architects went beyond the documentary and built evidence, adding conjectural elements
               to complete the image of new buildings at Williamsburg, Independence Park in Philadelphia and
               elsewhere. In the case where the building is gone, the literal symbolic re-creation approach can be
               justified on grounds that the building was a key missing link, essential to understanding the lives of
               significant groups or individuals, to understanding the settings for both important and routine historic
               events, to understanding the architectural composition and function of interrelated buildings at a site.

               To facilitate understanding of those buildings, symbolic re-creation often includes period furnishing and
               landscaping. It can be carried to the theatrical extreme of peopling facsimile buildings with museum
               personnel, garbed in period clothing and enacting daily activities of the period. Plimouth Plantation in
               Massachusetts is an example of a completely reconstructed village, in which the recreated setting is
               essential to the pedagogical objective of accurate reestablishment and reenactment of all the processes of
               daily life. Historic Williamsburg adds to the reconstructed village with historic processes numerous
               experiences for the modern visitor, including restaurants, inns and other services based on historic
               menus and processes offered in historic settings. As with such historic resorts as Cape May, NJ,
               Newport, RL Saratoga, NY, the interest and quality of the visitor's imaginative and actual experience is
               an important ingredient in popularity of the site and success of the service facilities.

               When applied to existing buildings, the symbolic re-creation approach has been seriously discredited
               since it can result in the irreversible destruction of built evidence. To return an existing building to a
               clear gestalt representation of its most significant appearance often implies removal of or at least damage
               to the evidence of accrued alterations, which themselves may be significant representatives of an








                to work on as many levels as possible. This means that neither aesthetic ideals nor historic integrity are
                absolutes, but rather that the design process involves a dialectic between them and a synthesis which
                attempts to do justice to both. Even seen-tingly inflexible parameters, such as functional use and budget,
                may have numerous options, since variation of spatial relationship may result in user efficiency or
                construction economy. Balance must be sought in application of both canons of proportion and
                preservation guidelines, such as the Secretary of the Interior's Standards for Historic Preservation


                Accordingly, current preservation practice combines maximal preservation of existing significant built
                fabric, as it has evolved, with a flexible approach toward missing elements. Historians attempt to
                establish a coherent interpretation based upon the appearance at some one point in the site's evolution,
                usually not the earliest period, with which later alterations are inconsistent, but one which includes as
                much as possible of the existing built fabric. Elements are selected for preservation as they constitute
                part of the whole during the period of significance. Uncovering concealed elements, finishes, etc. from
                the period of significance is acceptable unless it requires removal of significant later work. Conversely,
                removal is often the appropriate strategy for later incompatible alterations which eliminate or mask
                elements from the period of significance. Reconstruction of missing elements consistent with that
                period of significance is likewise acceptable if documentary and built evidence provides a sufficient
                basis for accurate matching, but reproduction of elements from an earlier period is discouraged,
                particularly if their inclusion requires removal of later significant material or if new work cannot be
                clearly differentiated from original fabric.




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                                     B.      Occupancy Objectives
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               DESIGN OBJECTIVES

               Historic Preservation Objectives

               While it is motivated by a desire to create once again at the Water Works a popular destination and is
               grounded in a combination of symbolic re-creation and new synthesis, the Design Team's approach to the
               Fairmount Water Works Forebay is consistent with the philosophical framework for accurate physical
               restoration. The starting point was review of the chronology of alterations to the setting of the
               Fairmount Water Works and evaluation of the significance of the site as it exists in 1990. Historic
               preservation objectives which have guided the Team, along with functional, aesthetic and other goals,
               emerged from that review.

               The Setting in 1990

               As discussed by George E. Thomas in the introduction, the setting of the Water Works was significantly
               altered during the early years of the 20th century. First the turbines and pumps within the Mill Houses,
               and the enormous piping up the hill to the reservoirs, were removed to make way for a new water-
               related use, aquarium tanks. In 1919, the Distribution Arch and Standpipe tower were demolished, the
               art museum rose from the hilltop and the Forebay was infilled for a new drive up to the Engine House.
               That drive was laid out to connect the East River Drive and the old Spring Garden Bridge as part of the
               masterplan by Paul P. Cret and Jacques Greber for the Benjamin Franklin Parkway. Located at the
               intersection of the new Parkway and the existing Fairmount Avenue, the Fountain of the Sea Horses
               became the pivot for adjustment of the angle of East River Drive to the axis of the new Parkway.

               Creation of a tree-lined allee along Aquarium Drive framed the Water Works as the focus of views from
               the Drive. At the Fountain, however, that axis was seen to be balanced by another allee leading to
               Fairmount Avenue, and attention was shifted to the one opening in the ring of trees around the fountain,
               the new vista up the hillside Reilly Memorial to the Museum. Interestingly, the outer portion of the
               Forebay was shown in the 1919 masterplan filled with water right up to the edge of the vehicular cirle
               around the Fountain. The Water Works was still deemed sufficiently important for integration into the
               new masterplan, which created an enlarged context for its immediate setting, one which remained little
               altered until the 1960s. With the notable exception that Aquarium Drive was stopped short of the South
               Garden and never connected to the bridge, the Parkway plan was executed. The classical temples of the
               Water Works were aped in form but dwarfed in scale by the enormous new temple atop the acropolis of
               Fair Mount. The grand boulevard scale of the Parkway and Aquarium Drive updated the site in an
               increasingly automobile-oriented city but overwhelmed the rustic cliffside paths and parterre walks of
               the south garden. Had there been no further changes in the setting, the Parkway masterplan n@dght have
               provided still the kind of significant alteration which would have been adopted by preservationists of
               the 1990s as a legitimate preservation base, despite its diminishment of the Water Works site.

               Three changes have occurred, however, to cause the Design Team to look again at the question of period
               of significance for the site. First, the possibility of connecting Aquarium Drive with the Spring Garden
               Bridge was irrevocably eliminated by the construction of two modem steel bridges for high speed travel
               on West River Drive and Spring Garden Street. Second, a path of building restoration to the 1871
               appearance was adopted in 1981 and a considerable restoration program has been completed on that
               basis. Third, the Fairmount Avenue axis which balanced Aquarium Drive in the Parkway masterplan
               has been increasingly severed by widening of East River Drive effectively truncated and turned over to








               exclusive use as a parking lot. Of the three grand axes, only the Reilly Memorial remains as designed.

               Accurate Physical Preservation Objectives for the Forebay

               Application  of the Design Team's historic preservation philosophy to the Fairmount Water Works site
               leads to several base assumptions. Consistent with accurate physical preservation practice in the 1990s,
               the project team sought to maxin-dze preservation of existing significant historic built and landscaped
               fabric in the context of the 1871 appearance of the site. Existing buildings, the Mill Houses and the
               classical temples atop the rebuilt deck, recently restored based to 1871 appearance, are assumed to be
               preserved. Likewise the unrestored promenade and gazebo atop the mound dam and the New Mill
               House are assumed eventually to be restored and maintained.              As a corollary, massive, long-
               demolished elements, such as the distribution arch and standpipe tower are assumed not to be
               reconstructed. Since the original bridge, west and south walls of the Forebay are presumed to remain
               intact, their preservation and restoration became reasonable objectives, despite their burial underground.

               The south garden, which survived the 1919 replanning and which appears to retain original parterre
               paths and some sculptural elements, is assumed to warrant further study as a candidate for restoration
               to the extent documentation exists. For example, lithographs and photographs provide numerous
               glimpses of plantings and landscape elements, such as paving, fences, benches, and lamps. Given the
               dedication of the site historically to water and given the numerous symbolic manifestations of water in
               the garden fountains, reintroduction of water is important in the garden as well as in the Forebay. While
               they are deteriorated and have lost their decorative iron railings, the cliffside walkways are well
               documented and remain sufficiently intact for restoration.

               Symbolic Re-creation Objectives for the Forebay

               The Design Team's approach to the Forebay, however, blends a heavy emphasis on symbolic re-creation
               with accurate physical preservation of the existing retaining walls. Reintroduction of water into the
               Forebay is symbolically fundamental to the objective of contribution of the setting to interpretation of
               the unique engineering and architectural landmark, since the function of the Water Works is
               comprehensible only when the flow of the water through the mill house machinery can be visualized or
               imagined. Reexcavation of the Forebay for the water recreates the void necessary to reacheive the
               picturesque setting which was once, and can be again, alluring: classical temples aligned along the
               peninsula of the Mill Houses to form a promenade linking the machinery of man's domination over the
               forces of nature with the gazebo at the end of the dam, where the raw power of the water is heard and
               viewed. If restoring water in the Forebay cannot be accomplished immediately, no work undertaken in
               the short range development of the site should preclude that future possibility.

               Occupancy Objectives for the Water Works

               To assure the commitment, public or private, to maintenance of the restored Water Works, it must regain
               popularity and respect as a public amenity: available and accessible for enjoyment by everyone. To this
               end, the site should accommodate multiple uses, through all four seasons of the year, which appeal to
               and are supported by a variety of constituencies. This fundamental objective has been recognized by
               representatives of the Water Department and the Fairmount Park Commission in their search for
               occupancy of the buildings by uses which will attract visitors and contribution by the building
               occupancy toward maintenance of the site. Because the Water Works has always been and remains a








                public amenity, such uses should be intended for as broad a public as possible. Such uses should
                provide regular types and levels of activity which attract both repeat and occasional Visitors. It is hoped
                that the proximity to Fairmount Park and the natural amenities of the setting will perpetuate traditional
                recreational uses of the site, such as fishing, boating, strolling, picnicking, bicycling, jogging.
                Recreational uses n-dght be expanded to include canoeing and ice skating in the Forebay, and a marina
                on the riverfront.


                As of the date when the Forebay Feasibility Study was undertaken, planning for the site had proceeded
                toward identification of appropriate occupants for portions of the buildings and planning was
                underway for their use of the site. The Water Department intends to create an Interpretive Center to
                celebrate water and depict the operation of the Water Works. According to plans prepared in 1986 by
                Matheu Cebul Associates, that public display will occupy the Engine House lower level and east end of
                the Old Mill House. During the course of the Forebay Feasibility Study, negotiations started several
                years ago, were underway with a restaurant for occupancy of the first floor of the Engine House and the
                majority of the Old Mill House. Use of the New Mill House is unidentified, although possibilities
                include expansion space for a restaurant and a small hydroelectric plant. Use of both Mill houses is
                limited by the flooding in severe 100 year storms. To reduce that problem, the floor level in the New
                Mill House was raised several feet during the rebuilding.

                Since major portions of the Fairmount Water Works have been contained within the construction fence
                and closed to the public for nearly a decade, the exciting opportunity arises for its public reopening.
                Prior to opening of any single user area within the complex, public rededication of the Forebay and site
                might provide the occasion to establish the broadest possible welcome to visitors of all ages, all
                neighborhoods, all constituencies. In anticipation of such an event, awareness might be aroused by
                photo or essay competitions for which the Water Works is the subject. Depending on the relative tin-dng
                of the two projects, such a rededication ceremony might serve as a fund-raising teaser for the
                Interpretive Center by raising questions which will be answered in the displays and exhibits of that
                project.

                Long term involvement by groups with particular interest in the Water Works would increase its circle
                of advocates. For example, significant responsibility for the south garden could be assumed by a Friends
                of the South Garden group, which might raise funds initially for a study by a landscape historian of the
                appropriate restoration basis and determination of appropriate plantings. Actual execution of the
                garden restoration might be successfully acheived through volunteerism. Inclusion of the site in the
                route of the Fairmount Park House Tours would provide a fascinating counterpoint to the smaller scale
                and more private histories of the houses.

                Current Physical Constraints

                Finally, significant alterations to the site are considered givens. Two large underground storm water
                sewer lines are assumed to be maintained in their present locations, since both are relatively recent and
                since the expected cost of relocation is high. Entering the site just north of the bridge, under whose east
                arch it flows, the larger storm relief relief sewer parallels the east bank of the Forebay. The storm sewer
                is buried sufficiently deep that its top surface is below the historic water level. The concrete tunnel for
                the sanitary sewer, which parallels the Forebay east bank is fairly shallow, with its top surface slightly
                above the historic level of the water. A second storm water relief line runs east-west just to the north of
                the bridge, but it is buried deeper than the historic water level.













                                 V. SCHEMATIC DESIGN



























                                 A.    Scheme A: Cliffside Drive
                                 B.    Scheme B: South Garden Ramp
                                 C.    Scheme C: New Mill House Plaza
                                 D.    Scheme A: Site Plan
                                 E.    Scheme B: Site Plan
                                 F.    Scheme C: Site Plan
                                 G.    Schemes A, B, C: Site Sections











                SC1-1EMAnC DESIGN


                As they considered possible solutions to the design challenge of the Forebay, Team members agreed
                early in their discussions that the essence of any solution had to be reexcavation of the Forebay and
                refilling it with water. Historically, that water race was the starting point for diversion of river water into
                the Works that distributed it for the citizens' use. Reintroduction of water would make graphic the
                functional relationship with the river of the buildings and the equipment they once contained. It would
                thus symbolize the original central role of Water at the site and recall the City's triumph of using simple,
                reliable technology in harnessing the river's power.

                In the present context, it would enhance the picturesque grouping of restored classical temples by setting
                them off dramatically on the peninsula of the Mill Houses. Reintroduction of water into the Forebay
                would be consistent with historic preservation guidelines which discourage alterations that are
                functionally incompatible with original uses. This made water restoration schemes preferrable to partial
                shallow excavation or diversion of a fully excavated but dry court to other functional uses which might
                limit the ability of the public to imagine the water race.

                With reintroduction of water into the Forebay as the core concept of any solution, issues of vehicular
                service, pedestrian access, parking were put into perspective as secondary functional concerns. The
                context for their resolution included assumptions about occupancy of the restored Water Works
                buildings and use of the site.

                Current plans call for creation of an Interpretive Center around the one remaining Jonval turbine below
                the Engine House deck-- devoted to the use of water and demonstrating the function of the Water
                Works. Entered through the South Entrance Building, that Center would be located completely below
                the deck, with an exhibit path meandering through the catacombs of the Engine House. It is conceived
                as a daytime operation, which will attract school groups and families. A fairly lengthy pedestrian
                approach, across the Forebay Bridge and along the Mill House deck is not seen as a problem,
                particularly if restoration of the Forebay enhances interpretation of the site to the public.

                The planned use which will draw the largest number of visitors across the site is a dinner restaurant. It
                is expected to occupy the major portion of the reconstructed Old Mill House and now joint use with
                Instructional Center. During the course of the Feasibility Study, negotiations were underway between
                representatives of the Fairmount Park Commission and a restaurant which plans an evening operation
                with 250 seats. Concerned about the customers' willingness to walk, the restaurant prefers the shortest
                possible distance between the drop-off point and its door. Reliance on valet parking as a means of
                shortening that walk distance is acceptable to the restaurant operators.

                Service requirements for both occupancies require occasional access to the door for emergency vehicles.
                While the Interpretive Center expects only occasional deliveries of exhibit materials and supplies, the
                restaurant will have daily deliveries and trash removal. Since that regular service is shown in each
                proposed solution to share pathways with pedestrian visitors, the Design Team recommends that hours
                of service be limited to those of minimal visitor use-perhaps in the early morning.

                While there are no plans on the books for the unrestored New Mill House, possibilities discussed include
                expansion space for the restaurant or a small hydroelectric plant.









                Even while the heart of the site has been inaccessible behind the construction fence over the past decade,
                recreational use of the site has been continuous. Fishermen line the the lower deck promenades on
                summer days. Joggers and cyclists traverse the trail that enters the site from the north and exits under the
                modem bridges to the south. Once the site is reopened, strollers will resume their ambles into the South
                Garden, which would ideally be restored with the fountains, statues, benches, walkways and plantings
                that once enriched it. In the schemes proposed by the Design Team to reintroduce water into the
                Forebay, the recreational possibilities would be expanded to include seasonal canoeing, model boating
                and ice skating. The Team endorses the ideas of recreating some of the facilities associated with the site
                in the 19th century. The steamboat landings above and below the dam might be replaced by marinas.
                Daytime visitors would doubtless enjoy refreshment stands or lunch bars, such as once existed in the
                South Garden and on the river bank between the Water Works and Boat House Row.


                Common features at the core of all schemes presented are restoration of the Forebay Bridge to provide
                primary public access to the buildings of the Water Works and excavation and flooding of the Forebay to
                restore the visual drama of the buildings' peninsula setting. All schemes provide pedestrian access to
                the site from the Sea Horse Fountain circle, and from the Art Museum by way of the historic walkways
                down from the Reilly Memorial. The major differences occur in location of service and emergency
                access and in degree of regular intrusion into the site for visitor vehicular access. Schemes A and C are
                pren-dsed upon vehicular access from the north, while in Scheme B, access occurs from the "mainland" at
                the south.




                SCEEME A. (MEFFSIDE DRIVE
                                Grade Level Access from the Fountain of the Sea Horses to the Engine House Forecourt

                Along the foot of the cliff on the east side of the new forebay, a pedestrian walkway/service road links
                the Forebay Entrance Plaza to the north with the Engine House Forecourt to the south. This
                walkway/service road terminates at a Vehicle Turning Plaza in front of the Engine House. While
                serving as the new forecOUTt for the Engine House and as outdoor space for both the Interpretive Center
                and the Restaurant  -it also provides access for off-hours deliveries, emergencies and special occasions.
                Deliveries and trash removal for the restaurant and Interpretive Center would be via a lift from a new
                service bay below grade, accessible via a catwalk from the Old Mill House just above water level.

                The proposed Forebay Entrance Plaza replaces Aquarium Drive as the new north entrance to the Water
                Works site and the valet drop-off point for the new restaurant in the Old Mill House. Primary access to
                the water works is on foot, from the Fountain of the Sea Horses to the north, across the Forebay Bridge
                or through the restored garden to the south. Major entrances to the Interpretive Center and the
                restaurant are at the Caretaker's and Engine Houses. New stairs from the walkway/service road to the
                new grass bank above the existing sanitary sewer will bring the visitor to the forebay waters edge.
                Restoration of existing paths and creation of new paths on the hillside connect this new link with the
                formal out door spaces of the Art Museum via the Reilly Memorial ramp.










               ADVANTAGES


               L       Historic preservation: includes restoration of Bridge, Forebay Walls and garden; partial
                       restoration of water in Forebay.

               2.      Connection to Park: new access provides strong link for pedestrians, joggers and bicyclists
                       between the garden to the south and Fairmount Park to the north.

               3.      Parking: limited number of spaces on Aquarium Drive and Fairmount Avenue are nearby.


               4.      Service Access: direct access to Old Mill House via lift.




               DISADVANTAGES


               1.      Site interpretation: distinction between grand scale of the Art Museum and the intimate nature
                       of the Water Works site is blurred; confusion caused by vehicles in Forebay.

               2.      Alterations: new drive & retaining wall cut into hillside; size of Forebay substantially reduced
                       by access at south end; fill disposal to be off-site.

               3.      Occupancy: most intensive use (restaurant) in most remote building; space for Interpretive
                       Center more limited than planned.

               4.      Service access: requires excavation of new service room and catwalk along Forebay; potential
                       future uses of New Mill House difficult to service.


               5.      Valet parking: museum lots are remote from drop-off.

               6.      Phased development: limited by early allocation of Engine House and difficult access to future
                       uses of New Mill House.



               SCHEME B: SOUTH GARDEN RAW
                               Access from the Art Museum level to the Engine House Forecourt

               Vehicular access is by a new ramp down from the Art Museum drive to the south end of the South
               Garden. Valet parking drop-off for the restaurant is at the top of this ramp taking advantage of the
               existing turning circle and adjacent lots for parking during after Art Museum hours. The ramp and
               access roads are kept to a minimum width and paved with the same material, probably brick, as the
               other garden paths. They terminate at a Vehicle Turning Plaza in front of the Engine House. While
               serving as the new forecourt for the Engine House and as outdoor space for both the Interpretive Center
               and the Restaurant it also provides access for off-hours deliveries, emergencies and special occasions.
               Deliveries and trash removal for the restaurant and Interpretive Center would be via a lift from a new
               service bay below grade, accessible via a catwalk from the Old Mill House just above water level. The
               proposed Forebay Entrance Plaza replaces Aquarium Drive as the new north entrance to the Water
               Works site and serves as a secondary drop-off point for the new restaurant and Interpretive Center.









                As in Scheme A, primary pedestrian access to the Water Works is from the Fountain of the Sea Horses to
                the north, across the Forebay Bridge along the Old Mill House deck or through the restored garden to
                the south. Major entrances to the Interpretive Center and the restaurant are at the Caretaker's and
                Engine Houses. Along the foot of the cliff on the east side of the new forebay, a pedestrian walkway
                links the north end of the site to the restored Forebay Bridge. Restoration of existing paths and creation
                of new paths on the hillside link this new walkway with the formal outdoor spaces of the Art Museum.
                The south garden is connected to Fairmount Park, to the north, by the Old Mill Deck and the Forebay
                Bridge or along the new Forebay waters edge via new stairs at either end of the new grass bank above
                the existing sanitary sewer.



                ADVANTAGES


                1.      Historic preservation: includes restoration of Forebay walls and Bridge; water in Forebay except
                        grass bank covering existing sanitary sewer.

                2.      Site interpretation: Distinction between intimate nature of Water Works site and grand scale of
                        the Museum is maintained.


                3.      Alterations: new ramp reuses fill from Forebay

                4.      Connection to park: traditional link across Old Mill House deck and Forebay Bridge.

                5.      Occupancy: intensive restaurant use in nearest building to driveway access; garden more
                        intensively used; majority of Water Works not compromised by restaurant use.

                5.      Valet parking: after-hours use of Art Museum parking spaces augments limited nearby spaces
                        on Aquarium Drive and Fairmount Avenue.

                6.      Phased development: South entrance maximizes flexibility for phasing north end development

                        Service access: direct to Engine House via lift.



                DISADVANTAGES


                1.      Restoration: south end of garden and garden paths are considerably altered.

                2.      Site Interpretation: confusion caused by vehicles in the garden.

                3.      Service access: requires excavation of new service room and catwalk along Forebay; future uses
                        of New Mill House difficult to service.










               SCHEME C NEW MILL HOUSE PLAZA
                               Ramp Access from the Fountain of the Sea Horses to Lower Level of the New Mill
                               House


               This scheme is based on the premise that the New Mill House is renovated and that the restaurant is
               moved northward to occupy it and only the north end of the Old Mill House, leaving ample space for
               the Interpretive Center, as originally planned. Primary vehicle access is down a ramp along the west
               side of the cirle to the level of a new dam across the outer Forebay to the floor level of the New Mill
               House. New dam access serves as one of the major entrances to the restaurant as well as being the
               service access for deliveries and trash removal. The dam also separates and controls river water from
               the Forebay water. The deck level entrance to the restaurant is the Watering Committee Building. The
               Lower Terrace provides adjacent outdoor restaurant seating space. Both the New Mill House and the
               Terrace provide the restaurant with splendid views of the Water Works complex.

               As in the previous schemes, primary pedestrian access to the Water Works is from the Fountain of the
               Sea Horses to the north, across the Forebay Bridge along the Old Mill House deck or through the
               restored garden to the south. The major entrance to the Interpretive Center is the South Entrance House.
               The proposed Forebay Entrance Plaza replaces Aquarium Drive as the new north entrance to the Water
               Works site and serves as a secondary drop-off point for the new restaurant and Interpretive Center.
               Along the foot of the cliff on the east side of the new forebay, a pedestrian w alkway links the north end
               of the site to the restored Forebay Bridge. Restoration of existing paths and creation of new paths on the
               hillside link this new walkway with the formal outdoor spaces of the Art Museum. The south garden is
               connected to Fairmount Park by the Old Mill House Deck and the Forebay Bridge or along the new
               Forebay waters edge via new stairs at either end of the new grass bank covering the existing sanitary
               sewer.




               ADVANTAGES


               1.      Historic preservation: includes restoration of the Garden, Forebay walls and Bridge; water in
                       Forebay except grass bank covering existing sanitary sewer and new dam to the New Mill
                       House.


               2.      Site interpretation: Distinction between intimate nature of Water Works site and grand scale of
                       the Art Museum is maintained.


               3.      Connection to park: traditional link is across Old Mill House deck and Forebay Bridge.

               4.      Alterations: Restaurant has minimum intrusion at deck level and in forebay area.

               5.      Occupancy: intensive restaurant use at nearest building to access from public road; identifiable
                       separate entrances and workable circulation systems for both restaurant and Interpretive Center;
                       New Mill House becomes "flag" for restaurant rather than the Engine House.

               6.      Service access: direct same-level access to New Mill House; minimal requirements for remote
                       Engine House.








               7.      Parking: limited number of spaces on Aquarium Drive and Fairmount Avenue are nearby.

               8.      Phased development: long-range use of site maxin-dzed; restaurant becomes catalyst for
                       restoration of New Mill House.




               DISADVANTAGES


               1.      Restoration: Forebay at new dam entrance is altered.

               2.      Alterations: addition of minimally intrusive new dam across outer Forebay, new drive and
                       retaining walls cut into lawn; fill disposal to be off-site.

               3.      Valet parking: Art Museum lots are remote for drop-off.

















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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                25
                                :FAERMOUNT                                              WATER                             WORKS F(DREBAY REST(DRATMN                                                                                                                                                            26
                                FEASMELITY STUDY - SCHEME A                                                                                                                                                0          50 @0.









               Scheme A Legend

               1    Engine House
               2    Caretaker's Quarters
               3    South Entrance House
               4    Pavilion
               5    North Entrance House
               6    Watering Committee Building
               7    Old Mill House
               8    New Mill House
               9    Gazebo
               10   Lower Terrace
               11   Fishing Pier
               12   Schuylkill River (EL. +6.94)
               13   Fairmount Dam
               14   Schuylkill River (EL. + 12.56)
               15   Outline of Original Forebay (Shown Dotted)
               16   Fountain of the Sea Horses
               17   Reilly Memorial
               18   Philadelphia Museum of Art
               19   Site of 1860 Distribution Arch
               20   Site of 1851 Standpipe Tower
               21   Gazebo
               22   Graff Memorial
               23   South Fountain
               24   River Esplanade
               25   Spring Garden Street Bridge
               26   West River Drive


               A    Restored Forebay (Y Deep Water)
               B    Restored Forebay Bridge
               C    Restored Forebay (River Depth)
               D    New Forebay Entrance Plaza
               E    New Restaurant Valet Parking/Interpretive Center Drop-Off
               F    New Path
               G    Restored Existing Path
               H    New Grass Bank above Sanitary Sewer
               J    New Emergency Exit and Delivery Entrance
               K    New Walkway to Trash Area (Below Grade) and Service Lift
               L    New Trash Area (Below Grade) and Service Lift
               M    New Service Drive/Pedestrian Walkway
               N    New Vehicle Turning Plaza
               P    Restored Garden
               R    Restored Lower Mound Dam
               V    New Ceremonial/Special Occasion Drop-Off and Deliveries

               Note: Elevations are 7 Ft. above City Datum









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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     26
                                          FARRMOUN7 WATER                                                                                                              WORKS FOREBAY RESTORATEON
                                          FEASEBRLRTY STUDY - SCHEME B                                                                                                                                                                                                                 0 50 100










              Scheme B Lege

              1  Engine House
              2  Caretaker's House
              3  South Entrance House
              4  Pavilion
              5  North Entrance House
              6  Watering Committee Building
              7  Old Mill House
              8  New Mill House
              9  Gazebo
              10 Lower Terrace
              11 Fishing Pier
              12 Schuylkill River (EL. + 6.94)
              13 Fairmount Dam
              14 Schuylkill River (El. + 12.56)
              15 Outline of Original Forebay (Shown Dotted)
              16 Fountain of the Sea Horses
              17 Reilly Memorial
              18 Philadelphia Museum of Art
              19 Site of 1860 Distribution Arch
              20 Site of 1851 Standpipe Tower
              21 Gazebo
              22 Graff Memorial
              23 South Fountain
              24 River Esplanade
              25 Spring Garden Street Bridge
              26 West River Drive

              A  Restored Forebay (3'Deep Water)
              B  Restored Forebay Bridge
              C  Restored Forebay (River Depth)
              D  New Forebay Entrance Plaza
              E  New Restaurant Valet Parking/Interpretive Center Drop-Off
              F  New Path
              G  Restored Existing Path
              H  New Grass Bank above Sanitary Sewer
              I  New Emergency Exit and Delivery Entrance
              K  New Walkway to Trash Area (Below Grade) and Service Lift
              L  New Trash Area (Below Grade) and Service Lift
              M  New Service Drive/Pedestrian Walkway
              N  New Vehicle Turning Plaza
              P  Restored Garden
              R  Restored Lower Mound Dam
              V  New Ceremonial/Special Occasion Drop-Off and Deliveries
              X  New Ramp from Museum Drive to Garden Level

              Note: Elevations are 7 Ft. above City Datum



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                                                                                                 . . . . . .. . . . . .... .
                        FAHRMOUNT WATER WORKS FOREIBAY RESTORATNON
                                                                                                                                                               o        50                       wo
                         FEASEBELRTY STUDY -SCHEME C                                                                                                           t









                 Scheme, C Up-end

                 I  Engine House
                 2  Caretaker's Quarters
                 3  South Entrance House
                 4  Pavilion
                 5  North Entrance House
                 6  Watering Committee Building
                 7  Old Mill House
                 8  New Mill House
                 9  Gazebo
                 10 Lower Terrace
                 11 Fishing Pier
                 12 Schuylkill River (EL. +6.94)
                 13 Fairmount Dam
                 14 Schuylkill River (EL. + 12.56)
                 15 Outline of Original Forebay (Shown Dotted)
                 16 Fountain of the Sea Horses
                 17 Reilly Memorial
                 18 Philadelphia Museum of Art
                 19 Site of 1860 Distribution Arch
                 20 Site of 1851 Standpipe Tower
                 21 Gazebo
                 22 Graff Memorial
                 23 South Fountain
                 24 River Esplanade
                 25 Spring Garden Street Bridge
                 26 West River Drive


                 A  Restored Forebay (Y Deep Water)
                 B  Restored Forebay Bridge     th)
                 C  Restored Forebay (River Dep
                 D  New Forebay Entrace Plaza
                 E  New Restaurant Valet Parking/Interpretive Center Drop-Off
                 F  New Path
                 G  Restored Existing Path
                 H  New Grass Bank above Sanitary Sewer
                 I  New Restaurant and Delivery Entrance Bridge/Dam
                 K  New Vehicle Turning Plaza
                 L  New Ramped Access Road
                 M  New Restaurant in New Mill House
                 N  Restaurant Terrace
                 P  Restored Garden
                 R  Restored Lower Mound Dam

                 Note: Elevations are 7 Ft. above City Datum



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                                                                                                   .........


                                                      12                                                             27

                                                                       FOREBAY SECTION AT OLD MILL HOUSE -SCHEME A







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                                                                      FOREBAY SECTION AT NEW MILL HOUSE -SCHEME C

                      Fk, ERMOUNT WATER WORKS FORIEBAY RIESTOIRATHON
                      FEASUBELRTY STUDY
                      qf, @=7                      :1









               Sections Legend

               Scheme A

               6    Watering Committee Building
               7    Old Mill House (Restaurant/Interpretive Center)
               12   Schuylkill River (EL. +6.94)
               27   Existing Main Relief Sewer
               28   Existing Sanitary Sewer
               A    Restored Forebay (3' Deep Water)
               B    Restored Forebay Bridge
               H    New Grass Bank above Existing Sanitary Sewer
               M    New Service Drive/Pedestrian Walkway
               S    Original Forebay High Water Level
               T    Original Forebay Bottom (Shown Dotted)
               U    New Restaurant


               Scheme B

               1    Engine House
               2    Caretaker's House
               3    South Entrance House
               4    Pavilion
               5    North Entrance House
               6    Watering Committee Building
               7    Old Mill House (Restored Existing Forebay Wall)
               29   Existing Relief Sewer
               A    Restored Forebay (Y Deep Water)
               B    Restored Forebay Bridge
               J    New Emergency Exit and Delivery Entrance
               K    New Walkway to Trash Area (Below Grade) and Service Lift
               L    New Trash Area (Below Grade) and Service Lift
               N    New Vehicle Turning Plaza
               S    Original Forebay High Water Level
               T    Original Forebay Bottom (Shown Dotted)
               V    New Ceremonial/Special Occasion Drop-Off and Deliveries

               Scheme C

               8    New Mill House
               12   Schuylkill River (EL. +6.94)
               27   Existing Relief Sewer
               A    Restored Forebay (3' Deep Water)
               D    New Forebay Entrace Plaza
               E    New Restaurant Valet Parking/Interpretive Center Drop-Off
               J    New Restaurant and Delivery Entrance Bridge/Dam
               K    New Vehicle Turning Plaza
               M    Restaurant in New Mill House
               S    Original Forebay High Water Level
               T    Original Forebay Bottom (Shown Dotted)

               Note: Elevations are 7 Ft. above City Datum




I
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I              'VI. CIRCULATION STUDIES
                   FOR NORTH ACCESS:
I                  ALTERNATES 1 - 4
I
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               CIRCULATION STUDIES FOR NORTH ACCESS

               Following the presentation of Schemes A, B and C to representatives of the Water Department,
               Fairmount Park Commission and the Philadelphia Historical Commission, the Project Team was asked
               to investigate alternatives for vehicular access from the north while permitting reintroduction of water
               into the Forebay.

               The first two alternatives studied were variants on Scheme C, with primary pedestrian access from a
               valet drop-off point on the Cirle across the Forebay Bridge and Old Mill House deck. In each, a ramp
               down from -the circle to the outer Forebay provides a lower level service access beneath the Bridge to the
               northeast corner of the Old Mill House. Service access is thus separated from pedestrian user access.
               Exact location of the service tum-around is shown closer to the Bridge in Alternate 2 than in Alternate 1,
               but in both cases the potential restoration of the outer Forebay with water reintroduced is compromised
               by the turn-around.

               Reintroduction of water into the outer Forebay remains as a restoration objective in the third and fourth
               alternatives. In the third, a turn-around at the east end of the Fo-rebay Bridge is cut into the hillside,
               which is protected with new retaining walls. While this implies alteration of the hillside zone between
               the Forebay and the Reilly Memorial, it leaves intact the potential restoration zones of the Water Works
               site. The fourth alternative depends on a through loop of vehicular circulation rather than on a turn-
               around. Vehicles are assumed to traverse the Reilly Memorial part way up the hill and to stop briefly at
               the east end of the Bridge to discharge passengers. Both the third and fourth alternatives mix
               pedestrians with service use of the Bridge, although such uses can be separated since they occur at
               different times of the day.


















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 I
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 I                              VII. - FOREBAY MASTERPLAN
 I
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                                A.    Long Range. Site Development
 I                              B.    Phase One: Scheme D
                                C.    Scheme D: Site Plan
 I                              D.    Scheme D: Site Sections
 'I
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                RECOMIMENDED FOREBAY MASTERPLAN




                LONG RANGE SITE DEVELOPM]RqT


                At the heart of the long range masterplan is the reexcavation of the outer Forebay so that the entire
                water race can be refilled with water. Reintroduction of water symbolizes the central role of water at the
                Water Works and recaptures the drama of the peninsula setting of the classical temples. While a low
                dam is proposed for flood and sediment control, the scheme reestablishes the watery connection to the
                river above the dam. The old Aquarium Drive will be replaced by a narrow walkway along the cliff
                edge, which will double as an emergency vehicular access to the Engine House. The primary vehicular
                drop-off will be a tree-shaded plaza off the Sea Horse Fountain Circle, with visitors walking from there
                along the walkway and across the Forebay Bridge to the Water Works buildings. A tum-around cut into
                the hillside at the east end of the Forebay Bridge will provide service access during hours of low
                visitation. Cut into the hillside, that tum-around will be detailed not in the fashion of a great Beaux-Arts
                exedra, but rather as a grotto-like ravine, in keeping with the character of the rough Fairmount hillside
                that forms the natural feature of the site. Retaining wall materials for the walkway and tum-around will
                be rough and dark, to blend in with the rock outcroppings. Brick paving will be consistent with restored
                historic materials of the site. The cast iron balustrade will be replicated in locations where it existed
                historically, the Bridge, south and west edges of the Forebay, the Mill Houses. Modern wrought iron
                will be used for new railing locations, such as the new walkway/drive along the Forebay east edge. In
                keeping with the historic planting of the bend in the Forebay and edge approaching the Bridge,
                deciduous trees will line the Forebay retaining wall. New stairs from the walkway/service drive to the
                new grass bank above the existing sanitary sewer will bring the visitor to the Forebay water's edge.
                Lighting and other elements will look to the 1870s period of significance--small twinkling lights
                characteristic of the victorian era, represented by both the Water Works and Boathouse Row, rather than
                the high intensity and overall glow associated with more modem lighting schemes.

                Major entrances to the Interpretive Center and the restaurant are assumed to be at the Caretaker's and
                Engine Houses. The emergency vehicle turning plaza in front of the Engine House will serve as the new
                forecourt for the Engine House, as outdoor space for both the Interpretive Center and the restaurant, and
                as a setting for special occasions. While the south garden path paving will match the 1870s brick,
                modem materials and character will be introduced diagrammatically to suggest lost features such as the
                garden in front of the Engine House. With the exception of that area, the South Garden can be restored
                to serve as an adjunct to the restaurant and Interpretive Center. Restoration of the sound and action of
                the missing fountains is not only critical symbolically, but also serves to mask the noise of the Schuylkill
                Expressway. A long range garden plan would include the restoration of statues, benches, lamps, trees
                and lawns, as well as the walkways and pavilions of the cliffside. The Distribution Arch and Standpipe
                Tower n-dght be resurrected as garden ruins.

                As in Schematic alternate C, the dam across the Forebay can be developed as an additional
                entrance/service access for future occupancy of the New Mill House.



                ADVANTAGES


                1.      Historic preservation: includes restoration of Bridge, Forebay Walls and south garden; nearly








                        full reintroduction of water into Forebay, except grass bank covering existing sanitary sewer.

               2.       Site interpretation: Distindtion between intimate nature of Water Works site and grand scale of
                        the Museum is maintained.


               3.       Connection to Park: In addition to traditional link across Old Mill House deck and Forebay
                        Bridge, new access path provides strong link for pedestrians, joggers and bicyclists between the
                        garden to the south and Fairmount Park to the north.

               4.       Occupancy: Intensive restaurant use at building near to access from public road; identifiable
                        separate entrances and workable circulation systems for both restaurant and Interpretive Center.

               5.       Service Access: minimal requirements for remote Engine House

               6.       Parking: Lin-dted number of spaces on Aquarium Drive and Fairmount Avenue are nearby.

               7.       Phased development- long-range use of site is anticipated with provision of service lift access at
                        west end of Forebay Bridge. New Mill House available for restaurant expansion or other use.



               DISADVANTAGES


               1.       Alterations: new walk/emergency drive and retaining wall cut into hillside; fill disposal to be
                        off-site.


               2.       Site interpretation: Confusion caused by introduction of emergency vehicles into Engine House
                        forecourt.


               3.       Valet Parking: Museum lots are remote from drop-off.










               PHASE ONE: SCHEME D


               As Phase One of the Forebay Masterplan, it is proposed partially to excavate the fill from the Forebay
               and to create a planting system that will suggest the.original water, denoting the historic purpose of the
               site. Excavation at the south end and passing under the Bridge will be carried down to the original
               water level. A gradual bank along the edge of the New Mill House will rise from that level up to
               present grade, which will remain undisturbed at the outer Forebay. New stairs from the
               walkway/service drive to the new grass bank covering the existing sanitary sewer will bring the visitor
               to the edge of the wildflower meadow which will fill the place of and suggest the water. The Forebay
               Bridge will be restored to provide primary access for both visitors and off-hours service.

               It is intended that no work will be done in such a way as to damage archaeologically sensitive areas, and
               it will be designed so as to encourage a future water feature in the Forebay as well as fountains in the
               south garden and behind the Engine House. As in the long-range Masterplan, it is hoped that the south
               garden can be restored to serve as an adjunct to the restaurant and Interpretive Center. Finally, work
               done for Phase I development shown in Scheme D will be consistent with the long range Masterplan
               and investment in construction which will eventually be removed is kept to a minimum.










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                                                                                                                                                                                                                   26
                 FARRMOUNT WATER WORKS                                                                       FGREBAY RE STORATIDN
                                                                                                                                            0       so      100            1..
                 FEASHBILRTY STUDY -SCHEME D









                Scheme D Le2end

                1  Engine House
                2  Caretaker's Quarters
                3  South Entrance House
                4  Pavilion
                5  North Entrance House
                6  Watering Committee Building
                7  Old Mill House
                8  New Mill House
                9  Gazebo
                10 Lower Terrace
                11 Fishing Pier
                12 Schuylkill River (EL. +6.94)
                13 Fairmount Dam
                14 Schuylkill River (EL. + 12.56)
                15 Outline of Original Forebay (Shown Dotted)
                16 Fountain of the Sea Horses
                17 Reilly Memorial
                18 Philadelphia Museum of Art
                19 Site of 1860 Distribution Arch
                20 Site of 1851 Standpipe Tower
                21 Gazebo
                22 Graff Memorial
                23 South Fountain
                24 River Esplanade
                25 Spring Garden Street Bridge
                26 West River Drive

                A  Restored Forebay Planted with Wild Flowers
                B  Restored Forebay Bridge
                D  New Forebay Entrance Plaza
                E  New Restaurant Valet Parking/Interpretive Center Drop-Off
                F  New Path/Stair
                G  Restored Existing Path
                H  New Grass Bank above Existing Sanitary Sewer
                J  New Access Road/Pedestrian Walkway
                K  New Vehicle Turning Plaza
                L  New Trash Area (Below Deck) and Service Lift
                M  New Pedestrian Path/Emergency Vehicle Access
                N  New Engine House/Emergency Vehicle Turning Plaza
                V  New Ceremonial/Special Occasion Drop-Off and Deliveries

                Note: Elevations are 7Ft. above City Datum















                           17


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                                                FOREBAY SECTEGN AT NEW MILL HOUSE     SCHEME ID)
                FARRMOUNT WATER WORKS FOREBAY RESTORATIDN
                FEASHBEILRTY SrTUDY









              Scheme D Sections: Leizend

              1    Engine House
              2    Caretaker's Quarters
              3    South Entrance House
              4    Pavilion
              5    North Entrance House
              6    Watering Committee Building
              7    Old Mill House (Restored Existing Forebay Wall)
              8    New Mill House
              12   Schuylkill River (EL. +6.94)
              17   Reilly Memorial
              27   Existing Relief Sewer
              28   Existing Sanitary Sewer
              29   Existing Relief Sewer with New Inlet


              A    Restored Forebay Planted with Wild Flowers
              B    Restored Forebay Bridge
              D    New Forebay Entrace Plaza
              E    New Restaurant Valet Parking/Interpretive Center Drop-Off
              F    New Path/Stair
              *    New Grass Bank above Existing Sanitary Sewer
              *    New Vehicle Turning Plaza
              L    New Trash Area (Below Deck) and Service Lift
              *    New Engine House/Emergency Vehicle Turning Plaza
              S    Original Forebay High Water Level (Shown Dotted)
              V    Ceremonial/Special Occasion Drop-Off and Deliveries

              N ote: Elevations are 7 Ft. above City Datum




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                                               ici
                                               INTERNATIONAL CONSULTANTS, INC.





        Marianna Thomas Architects                      June 25, 1990
        3961 Baltimore Avenue                           ICI #88161
        Philadelphia, PA 19104                          Sheet I of 3





                           FAIRMOUNT WATERWORKS
                                 FOREBAY
                           SCHEMATIC COST ESTIMATE




        The following information must be considered and used in conjunction with this
        Construction Cost Estimate:


            1. Information used in the preparation of this Estimate includes:

               A. Hexagon Limited site plan, dated June 14, 1990, received by ICI June 15,
                  1990.


            2. This Estimate is based on mid-1990 construction unit prices. A construction
               cost escalation factor of five tenths of a percent (.5%) per month has been
               added on the Detail Sheet. Escalation of twelve percent (12%) has been
               dcvclopcd using mid-1992 as the midpoint of construction.

            3. The general contractor's overhead and profit are included in General
               Requirements, which is added following the Estimate Details.

            4. No architectural, en-inccring, or project management fees are included in this
               Etimatc.

            5. No allowance has been made for a lift at the engine house.

            6. No work has been included for the balustrade along the river side of the mill
               houses.



















                                               227 SOUTH NINTH STREET
                                               PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107

                                               TEL 215-923-8888


                                               FAX 215-592-8989
















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                                IX. APPENDIX




























                                A.     Statement of the Problem
                                B.     1875 Narrative Description
                                C.     Historic Plans
                                D.     Historic Views
                                       1.    Forebay and Bridge
                                       2.    Chffside Paths and Structures
                                       I     South Garden
                                E.     Questionnaires Completed by Project Participants




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             A. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
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            Revised 11/B/89






                                       STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM



            Introduction


            The Fairmount Waterworks is one of the most visually prominent and
            significant historic sites in the City of Philadelphia, recognized as a
            national landmark. The combination of natural and man-made beauty with
            technological prowess made the Fairmount Waterworks one of the City's most
            visited sites.     It is certainly one of the most visually documented
            locations in the Philadelphia area, having been featured in lithographs,
            paintings, photographs, and even on porcelain pieces.           The Waterworks
            property was a favorite of 19th-century Philadelphians as a recreational
            spot. Promenades af:Corded the citizenry opportunities for healthful walks
            and socializing, and access to steamboat tours up the Schuylkill    River.    The
            location of the Waterworks spurred the development of Fairmount Park, and
            convinced the City to aquire the riverside "country seats" in order to
            safeguard the purity of the Schuylkill's water from industries which might
            locate upriver of the City's water supply.

            The City of Philadelphia is presently undertaking the       restoration of the
            Fairmount Waterworks. Most of the buildings are being       rehabilitated for
            reuse as an interpretive center defining the history and    significance of the
            complex. The latest phase of the project includes the       restoration of the
            Forebay area and Bridge leading to the Waterworks buildings. This study
            encompasses most of the approaches to the buildings of the Waterworks from
            the Art Museum, Boathouse Row and Fairmount Park.

            Historically, the Forebay directed water from the Schuylkill River upstream
            of the dam, to the east side of mill house, through which it would flow,
            powering the turbines and waterwheels, then spilling into the Schuylkill
            downstream of the dam.     The Bridge provided access from the "mainland"
            Esplanade across the Forebay to the Waterworks facilities. The Forebay was
            filled in and the Bridge buried almost ten years after the Waterworks ceased
            operation early in the 20th century. Aquarium Drive was installed over the
            Forebay and Bridge, as it is seen today, to provide ease of access when the
            old mill house was adapted to an aquarium.

            Project Assumptions

            The Feasibility Study called for in the Request for Qual       if ications will
            address the issues surrounding the restoration of this area and determine
            alternate schemes for the successful use of the Forebay and Bridge in its
            present and proposed future context. The location of the Forebay and Bridge
            as the principal approach to the buildings of the Waterworks demands that
            the aesthetic considerations be of major importan6e. The beauty of the
            historic site as evidenced by the numerous depictions in visual
            documentation can be realized again with the proper design relating to








           present and proposed public usage of the site. Of prime concern, of course,
           are public safety as well as the proper protection of the historic fabric of
           the site in regards to fire, theft and vandalism.

           The primary objective of the study, then, is to determine the best course of
           action to ensure that this nationally significant site is preserved, in the
           best possible setting, for the use and enjoyment of the citizens of
           Philadelphia and visitors from around the world.

           The present condition permits limited viewing    of a portion of the bridge
           and the wall of the Old Millhouse, which are     exposed in the underground
           Forebay Room. We understand that previous archaeological tests dug to a
           maximum depth of 160 am. indicate that soil was used as fill above that
           level.


           Scope of Services

           Under the leadership of Thomas & Newswanger Architects, the project design
           team will begin by reviewing existing measured architectural and historical
           documentation generated in previous phases of the Waterworks restoration
           project. Additional data will be compiled from the Water Department's
           utility plans and records, as well as original architectural and engineering
           drawings of the Bridge and Forebay. The Clio Group, historical consultants,
           will supplement this base data with additional archival research, to develop
           an understanding of the original physical appearance of the forebay, its
           function, and subsequent alteration.       The historians' compilation of
           information will aid the architect, landscape architect, and engineers in
           developing viable alternatives for the reuse of the Forebay.          At the
           appropriate time, as an additional service to the contract, they could also
           undertake mortar analyses to determine the composition of the masonry's
           original mortars, so that appropriate non-damaging new mortars can be
           specified for masonry repairs of the Bridge and retaining walls of the
           Forebay. Similarly as an additional service, Clio Group archaeologists
           could undertake archaeological studies and excavation prior to construction,
           in order to best determine and document existing underground conditions and
           artifacts.


           We understand that the City will undertake a contract for excavation of the
           Forebay after completion of the work under this contract.   The depth of the
           excavation will be determined based upon the schematic design
           recommendations furnished under this contract.


           Project landscape architects, Hexagon, will collaborate with the architects
           to develop schematic designs and presentation materials to define the
           proposed reuse alteratives of the forebay, bridge and esplanade, with
           particular emphasis on the ground and water elements.           The project
           structural engineers, Ang Associates, Inc., will assist in the schematic
           design and will prepare biddable documentation (i.e. grading plan, sections
           and technical specifications) for excavation of the Forebay area. They will
           also utilize Water Department recoeds to determine the feasibility of
           relocating site utilities during the development of schematic designs.
           Michael Funk of International Consultants Inc., (I.C.I.), will work in close
           conjunction with the design team to develop a preliminary budget for the
           selected scheme for consideration by the Water Department and the Fairmount








           Park Commission.


           Under the direction and coordination of Thomas & Newswanger Architects,
           project team members will undertake a Feasibility Study and Schematic Design
           for the Fairmount Waterworks Forebay. They will propose three schematic
           design alternatives, presented as sketch studies. They will proceed to
           prepare presentation materials, including 2 renderings and a model, of the
           alternate selected by the Water Department.     The  Feasibility Study Report
           will present the issues considered and the reasoning behind the three
           schemes, with particular attention to the selected alternate. In accordance
           with the project schedule, the team will make one preliminary and one final
           presentation to groups selected by the client.          Permit applications,
           and associated hearings are not included in the scope of this contract.
           With one notable exception, project services under this Contract do not
           include Design Development, Contract Documentation or Construction
           Administration services as generally defined by the Architectural
           profession. The exception is the preparation of biddable documentation for
           excavation of the Forebay area, which will be provided by Ang Associates,
           Inc..


           It is understood that the biddable documentatift (i.e. grading plan,
           sections and technical specifications) prepared by the professional design
           team will be incorporated by the City into the excavation contract, along
           with the "Standard Contract Requirements for Public Work Contracts."
           Specifications for shoring and protection of the excavation will be prepared
           by and issued under the professional seal of an engineer serving as an
           employee of or consultant to the Contractor selected to perform the
           excavation.   Structural analysis of the condition of the Forebay walls and
           Bridge are not included in this contract, except of those portions which are
           currently visible from the underground Forebay Room.




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                                               ACENTEIRYAFML-

                              Picturesque Glimpses of Philadelphia & Pennsylvania
                                            Edited by Edward Strahan
                                      Allen, Lane & Scott & J. W. Lauderbach
                                             No. 233 South Fifth Street
                                                  Philadelnhia, PA


                    We are going to achieve what no human being ehas yet accomplished. We shall
             explore the Park; and, without waste of time or returning on our own literary steps, as
             it were, we shall contrive to see all the "lions." It is unnecessary to say that no merely
             mortal explorer ever achieved a promenade so productive.
                    The hardiest pedestrian, exhausting the longest summer day, comes home
             footsore, and asked if he noticed this or that, answers wearily: "No, I was tired, and
             brought up half-way. The Park is impenetrable."
                    But no limitations of time or endurance need hinder our description. It shall be
             an Asmodeus, of which the crutches are pen and pencil; its passage may be limping,
             but it shall be tireless; and its eyesi@ht shall pierce not alone through Asmodeus's roots,
             but through the earth itself sometimes, to discover the lessons of life or the memories
             and secrets of the grave.
                    The site of FAIRMOUNT PARK was prophetically marked out for feats of
             lands cape-gardeni% Some Edens are predestinate. The Adam of this new region,
             PENN himself, said in 1701, "my eye is on Fairmount." He meant to build his manor
             there. And certainly no site for a Governor's park could be so attractive as the graceful
             little mountain, the first eminence that met the pioneer's eye in ascending the beautiful
             Schuylkill.
                    Long after this - yet also long before its acquisition as a city pleasure-ground -
             the adjacent knoll became one of the typical gardens of America. As "Pratt's Garden,"
             the estate now merged in the Park, and localized as "Lemon Hill," attracted the
             botanists of fifty years ago. The late Mr. A. J. DOWNING -- that artist in living
             landscape, whose pleasant destiny it was to cover the country with gardens -- tells of
             this American Versailles, awarding it praise and prominence in his quietly-enthusiastic
             manner. Speaking of the spot in 1841, in the celebrated work he has left on Landscape-
             Gardening, he mentions it as "a familiar example of the Geometric style;" and goes on
             to inventory the quaint, "Pratt's Gardens, when in their perfection some ten years ago,"
             he observes, "were filled with a collection of the rarest and most costly exotics, as well
             as a great variety of fine native trees and shrubs, which, interspersed with statues and
             busts, ponds, jets-d'eau and water-works of various descriptions, produced certainly a
             ver brilliant though decidedly artificial effect. An extensive range of hot-houses, as
             wel as every other gardenesque structure, gave variety and interest to this celebrated
             spot."
                    The scene thus extolled is obliterated at present among the attractions of a vastl
             larger domain; but it is well to remember that, near the entrance of FAIRMOM







             PARK, there is included, as a mere contracted nucleus, an earlier masterpiece; a plot
             which, after having served as an estate for the Revolutionary financier, became in our
             fathers' youth the most elaborate garden in the country.
                    FAIRMOUNT PARK is unique in America in one respect. Every foot of ground
             teems with association. It is no raw creation, laid out in an inert and sleeping suburb,
             far in advance of a city's march of improvement, and ignorant of a history. Long
             before we were a nation, this &,arden was trodden by footsteps that are now historic; its
             very sods are sensitive; they vibrate to the memories of near two hundred years.
                    The name of "FAIRMOUNT PARK" now extends its defining outline around the
             enormous landscape to the north and west, though the cognomen "Fairmount," in the
             minds of old-fashioned citizens, applies more expressively to the basin and little
             garden connected with the water-works. We shall soon take leave of "Fairmount" in its
             restricted sense, to make acquaintance with "Fairmount" at large.
                    The scene we are about to explore contains nearly three thousand acres, divided
             by the river Schuylkill into the East and West Parks. We begin with the East Park. We
             tie up the thongs of our walking-boots, and with stout heart we begin the exploration.
                    At once we step back half a century as we enter the trim little &ardens that basks
             at the base of Fairmount Basin. Everything is in the tast of 1822, tile year when the
             water-works were put into operation. Steam was used for a few years anterior to the
             completion at that date of the dam and the large wooden water-wheels; the latter are
             now yielding to turbines, with an ultimate pumping capacity of twenty-four thousand
             gallons a day.
                    Straight, narrow athways lead to the fountain, to the prospect-houses and
             belvederes, to the wheelTouses and race. The art of that day was very Greek indeed,
             and we constantly find ourselves in porticoes and peristyles that are ultra-Athenian in
             pattern, while the material is as carefully restricted to wood as they say were the
             earliest huts of the Greek builders. As an exception, the bust of Graff, the enpneer
             who designed this Marly, is set up under a monumento of Gothic design, an elegant
             little canopy in white marble. A few statues stud the grounds: that of Leda with her
             swan, whose slender jet falls into the forebay near the stand-pipe, is an American
             antique. It was at first the ornament of the old water-works, on the site of the present
             Municpal Buildings, and was modeled to represent Miss Vanuxem, a reifniing belle of
                                                                                         p i,I
             the day. William Rush, an ingenious carver of figure-heads for Philade hia s infant
             marine, executed the statue; from the same hand are the images of Wisdom and justice
             (ornaments originally placed on a triumphal arch for Lafayette's reception in 1824)
             which now occumpy the Saloon. Do not be shocked if you perceive a certain chilly
             atmosphere while contemplating them; from those wooden faces twenty centuries - of
             weeks - look down upon you; and the Saloon used to be the engine-house of the works.
                    Near by, in the waste of waters outside, the pouring sheet of foam falls over the
             dam, and the surplus water from the pumps rolls into the Schuylkill again from the
             low arches at the rivers edge. Here the finny tribes of the stream congregate - the cat-
             fish and rock-fish, the golden carp long ago escaped from garden ponds near by and
             multiplied since, and the black bass, newly introduced by pisciculture; and here,
             among others, idle gentlemen of independent fortune assemble to angle for them,
             pTecisely as similarly-situated Isaak Waltons fish perpetually from the bridges of Paris.
             The same faces are seen day by day as this group of city sportsmen.







                    The river-side buildings, with the circular summer-house at the breastwork, and
             the intermediate place of shelter with the lar&e round columns -- at which the lazy
             visitors tap idly, as at the wires of a &antic bird-cage- - are all in the pseudo-c assic
             pattern, the pattern that our French visitors know as the style of the First Empire. But
             the border of Old Fairmount Park away from the river, that which skirts the reservoir,
             shows another order of forms, and very sturdy and cyclopean they are. The rocky side
             of the basin overshadows the visitor as he enters the garden, and nods frowning above
             his head; the stony ravines which cleave the hill are spanned -- where the pathway
             windS,UP In zigzags - with gloomy and humid arches, doubled and mounted on each
             others shoulders, and altogether as grim-looking as the grottoes and caves in "Boboli's
             qucal bowers." High above them, just like one of the square bell-towers of Florence,
             rises an imposing structure -- in the merciless language of prose, a stand-pipe; a
             causeway leads   U  t:) it from the hill, over a circular arch and so rich and harmonious
             is the desi n of t9lese utilitarian structures, that the tower and vine-hung system of
             arches anif terrace-walks appear altogether like an illustration of Turner's for the
             hourney of Childe Harold. Italy itself is not always so Italian-looking.
                    We dwell on these details - among which every step makes a picture - to point
             out how compact and architectural are all the features; so different ftom the arnlture
             of some parks, made up principally of structures in rustic-work that bristle like
             porcupines with fibres of dead bark, and look generally like straw ornaments of "what-
             not." Among these ponderous edifices, built for use yet turned to ornamental account,
             the artist is tempted to fill his sketch-book with effects, and forgets to wish for Europe.
             The diaggnal edge of shadow under a &reat arch, the iron gloom of native rocks, tile
             trail of vines in a steep gully down which an unraveled rivulet is depending, the
             square cut of a tower whose cornice, almost a hundred feet above the river, drives into
             the sky like a chisel, - these are grouped *in a a that might tempt foreign artists from
                                                            w 7or their themes.
             abroad, rather than allow our own to go thither
                    We clamber up the zigzags, - it is the beFftu-dng of what our muscles are to pay
             for this.exploration, -- and arrive at the summit of the basin, partitioned into several
             reservoirs.

                    From the eminence of Fairmount Basin the pedestrian can throw' his
             comprehensive glance, not merely upon the many-bridged Schuylkill, but likewise
             upon the features of the land. Toward the westward the view extends across the river
             to the crest of Belmont, whose tufts of hemlocks are planted at a height of two hundred
             and forty-three feet above the tide water. Old Fairmount Garden lies immediately
             beneath; the space just to the north, between the Basin and Green street, is laid out
             with straight walks, fountains and resting-places, in the style rather of a Square than a
             Park, and forms a suitable introduction to the meandering avenues and wild beauties
             of East Park. To the eastward lies the city, with its spires and domes, among which are
             conspicuous the cupola and cross of the Cathedral, and the group of temples at Broad
             and Arch streets, as well as the fluted shafts of Girard College.
                    The rim of the basin is so extensive as to afford not one, but many, points of
             observation, and a still greater variety of views is obtained from the terrace or
             observatory connected with the adjacent stand-pipe. The purpose of this observatory
             is by no means restricted to ornament; its massive pier conceals the pipe through
             which water is pumped to fill the stand-pipe just by, whose &reat elevation secures a
             flow into the upper stories of the cit mansions: as the visitor paces the fine level
             causeway of the ovservator , the rusz and pulse of a great arterial system of water-
             supply is going on incessaMy beneath his feet.







                   We pause and loiter on the elevation, loth to descend from the eminence of so
             enviable an outlook. Other visitors are pausing also, -- readi% books in the arbors,
             watching the racing-shells upon the river, or catching on t eir brows the fresh
             hen-dock-scented breeze. There are those, too, who consider an arbor on a hill the very
             place for a little quiet flirtation, as if priva was nowhere so certain as in such a spot.
             But ettin up on a pedestal is never the salst way to avoid be' g seen, and the doin
             on tfe hilf-top may come to be proclaimed on the house-toplnOf all cruel betrayats',
             however, of love's blind confidence, there is nothing to compare with the revelations
             that sometimes have been made by the camera-obscura, in the neighboring easure-
             wounds at Lemon Hill. Fred and Georgiana, straying from a croquet-part         'Vave just
             discovered a pretty nook in the shrubbery; Fred's arm -- after much hesitation and
             desperate plucking-up of courage - has found a sort of orbit in which to surround the
             waist of Georgianna; when lo! from the terrible lens of the camera, a complete picture
             of the transaction is projected on the field of vision; the cynical instrument has
             recorded the whole sweet comedy, for the benefit of disrespectful and scoffing
             spectators. It seems too cruel a thing to do; but there is no reporter or interviewer so
             utterly unfeeling as the camera-obscura, and if you will take Georgianna there
             yourself, it will do it again.
             The idlers at the base of the reservoir, however, are more abundant than those at its
             top. On fine days the garden, with its saloon, porticoes, and summer-houses, is
             thronged; nurse-maids and holiday servant-girls, in startling magnificence of costume,
             g
              ather wisdom by inspecting the machinery in the wheel-houses. The rock-fish and
              lack bass and whiskered "catties," bitin with considerable keenness at the bait of
             amateur fishermen, make the scene a livefly one around the dam, both for themselves
             and for the spectators. The neat little steamboats at the landin& (there are five of them
             now built) are heavily freighted with excursionists. Children are devouring
             @ngerbread and getting into mischief It is the Tuileries Garden as contrasted with the
              ois de Boulogne. It is domestic and humble, -- a sort of big open-air nursery; the
             pomps of equipages, and procession of fashion, are to be found in the freer portions of
             the Park.

                    The driving begins at the Green street entrance, skirst the promontory of Lemon
             Hill, and pours forth over Girard Avenue Bridge into the ample latitude of the West
             Park. As we descend from the Reservoir and proceed northwardlyl we are soon
             involved in the stream of smoothly-bowling carriages; but since we are pedestrians, we
             may indulge ourselves with a more leisurely view of things than their occupants can
             enjo    In a fine open space between the East Park main drive and the river drive, not
             far Lm the Brown street        te, we are struck by the great monument to Lincoln.. a
                             -two fee    fr
             structure thirty        t hii -
                    Hereabouts is the sole chalybeate spring known to visitors of Fairmount Park.
             A many-colored Moorish structure, like a kiosk, surmounts the fount and its drinkin
             vessels, and here, as at "Hathorn" or "Congress," in Saratoga, we may see daif;
             drinking the few enthusiasts who adopt the iron-flavored water as a re@imen. Every
             stranger, as a matter of course, tastes the fountain on finding himself in the
             neighborhood, on the princi
                                      soyle we all blindly follow, that anything nauseous must be
             somehow good for the           It is likely that the spring was known to William Penn
             himself; his farm of SEringettsberry lay hereabout, and he probablz, alluded to this
             fountain in a letter w erein he says: "There are mineral waters, w ich operate like
             Barnet and North Hall, that are not two miles from Philadelphia." The water is
             medicinal enough, doubtless; but it is almost a satire to include such a dose of physic in





             ;&eat,                                                                            ti     Air
                   ty!lneasure-ground
                      a d healthy Fa,, The true medicines of the Park are Exercise, Recrea. on,
                                         ue and the owner of a hood horse, or a sound pair of legs,
             w
                  w , come and take    .4
               ho                       nese delicious remedies every day, will have no need of the
             mineral spring.
                    A short distance within the Green street gate is the Art Gallery, wherein a
             sufficiently interesting colltion of paintinp and statuary is always kept up. It is hardly
             necessar@ to describe an enterprise now in its infancy, a collection constantly changing.,
                                       resent is but an earnest of what it is meant to be in the future.
             and a g lery which at p.
             M@n thousands of visitors, however, have already blessed the day when the idea of
             th @c cal Louvre took effect, enabling them without trouble or further journeying to
             get admission to such fine @allery-pictures as Rothermel's "Gettysburg," Pauwels'
               is 0
             allegory of American Immigration, and other important works, to say nothing of
             interesting retrospective sketches, such as Birch's painting of the hill of Fairmount, as it
             appeared beore the establishment of the water-works. The Fairmount Park Art
             Association is a body of disinterested citizens who give their time and means to
             collecting artistic monuments for the decoration of the Park, and to establishing a
             standard of taste for the proper discrimination and arrangement of such objects as may
             be offered. They have shown what they can do in the way of eliciting funds, by
             obtaining donations amounting to such figures as ten and twelve thousanJ dollars per
             year: the statue of "Penserosa," and the bronze group of "The Dying Lioness," by Wolfe,
             of Berlin, have been purchased. A contribution of twenty bronze cannon was made to
             the Association by Congress, in June 1874, as material for an e             t *    tatue of
                                                                                   . ques rian s
             General Meade.       ay the cultured gentlemen who unite to form the body keep their
             standard hi@,h, and admit no Art into this peerless landscape that shall form an insult
             to the beautiful Nature around!

                    We are still lingering near the entrance, and, in point of geographical extent,
             have as yet covered absolutely nothin; of the Park. The eminence of Lemon Hill is just
             before us; opposite, on the other Me of the river, and likewise within the Park, is
             Solitude, formerly the home of John Penn, grandson of the Founder of our State.
                    The various portions of the pleasure-ground are still desi ated by the names of
             the private estates which went to compose it, such as The Mills (or Lemon Hill),
             Solitude, Sedgeley, Fountain Green, Mount Pleasant, Rockland, Belleville, Ormiston,
             Edgeley, Woodford, Strawberry Mansion, Sweetbriar, Lansdowne, George's Hill,
             Belmont, Ridgeland and Chamouni: so numerous are the individual interests which
             must be sacririced when a city gives a present of three thousand acres to the public.
             The circumstances under which the scheme took its rise, and was gradually prepared
             for, are curious enough, and date back to the location of the hydraulic works at
             Fairmount.

                    Up to the establishment of these works, in 1822, the Schuylkill had attracted
             m      wealthy citizens by its @mi ular beau@y, and its waters laved the finest residences
             of%ye post-Revolutiona% perioT The various notables who lived on its banks will be
             mentioned as we descrl e the successive estates, while societies of gourmands met
             upon its shores to fish and to feast, with infinite jest and jumor, and quaint affectations
             of mystical brotherhood. It was for a long time the chosen locality of the rich, who
             found in its endless resources a gatification for every kind of taste, and the attractions
             of a perpetual watering-place. The operations of 1822, however, changed the face of
             affairs: the breastwork thrown from bank to bank to dam the water, altered the whole
             character of the river as far up as the cataract of the Falls of Schuylkill; the latter was
             suppressed, and is now only a tradition: the channel filled up, and the river became a







            sort-of lakem a great deal broader than formerly, and almost deprived of a current.
            The last-named feature, which is so favorable to the reFattas of the Schuylkill Navy,
            was anything but a welcome one to the residents of the river-side mansions.
            (Extracted from pages 21 through 33)




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            1.    PLAN OF WATERWORKS BEFORE 1824; EARLY ROADS AND SITE PLAN
                  ROBERT TILLER (ACTIVE PHILADELPHIA, 1818-24), ARTIST, AFTER THOMAS BIRCH
                  (AMERICAN, BORN ENGLAND 1779-1851) GROUND PLAN & ELEVATION OF THE
                  FAIRMOUNT DAM AND WATERWORKS. 1822, (IN THE REPORT OF THE WATERING
                  COMMITTEE TO THE SELECT & COMMON COUNCILS OF TIE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA, 9
                  JANUARY 1823) ORIGINAL ENGRAVING FROM COLLECTION, J. WELLES HENDERSON.



            2.    DOCUMENTATION OF FOREBAY AND MISSING ELEMENTS
                  HISTORIC DIAGRAM SHOWING HEIGHTS OF RESERVOIR, DAMS & STANDPIPES, 12
                  SEPTEMBER 1894, COLLECTION OF PHILADELPFIIA WATER DEPARTMENT.



            3.    LANDSCAPE PLAN OF SOUTH GARDEN AND FOREBAY, PRE 1852
                  FREDRICK GRAFF JR., ENGINEER, PETER S. DUVAL, ARTIST, MAP OF FAIRMOUNT: SITE
                  PLAN OF WATERWORKS WITH ELEVATION AND PLAN OF THE MILLHOUSE AND
                  SECTION OF DAM, 1851-52, THE FRANKLIN INSTITUTE SCIENCE MUSEUM.



            4.    LANDSCAPE PLAN, SEDGLEY TO WATERWORKS
                  FREDRICK GRAFF JR., ENGINEER, PLAN OF LEMON HILL AND SEDGLEY rARK, 13
                  OCTOBER 1851, FRANKLIN INSTITUTE SCIENCE MUSEUM.



            5.    DOCUMENTATION FOR 1919 CHANGES TO SITE FOR PARKWAY
                  JACQUES GREBER, PLAN, THE PARKWAY FROM FAIRMOUNT TO LOGAN SQUARE, c.
                  FEBRUARY1919; FROM BROWNLEE, DAVID BRUCE: BUILDING THE CITY BEAUTIFUL
                  THE BENTAMIN PARKWAY AND THE PHILADELPHIA MUSEUM OF ART
                  (PHILADELPHIA: PHILADELPHIA MUSEUM OF ART, 1989), p. 36.



            6.    AQUARIUM DRIVE, SLOPE FROM SEA HORSE FOUNTAIN CIRCLE TO SPRING GARDEN
                  BRIDGE
                  JACQUES GREBER, THE PENNSYLVANIA ART MUSEUM NORTH WEST FACADE
                  ELEVATION, FALL 1917; FROM BROWNLEE, DAVID BRUCE, BUILDING THE CITY
                  BEAUTIFUL THE BENIAMIN PARKWAY AND THE PHILADELPHIA MUSEUM OF ART
                  (PI-HLADELPHIA: THE PHILADELPHIA MUSEUM OF ART,1989), P. 33.



            7.    DOCUMENTATION FOR BRIDGE DESIGN, S140WING BELOW GROUND PORTIONS
                  PLAN OF GRAFFS HEADARCH, c. 1839, COLLECTION OF PMLADELPHIA MUSEUM OF
                  ART.



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         8.   DOCUMENTATION FOR BRIDGE AND RAILINGS BEFORE 1831
              PHOTO COURTESY GEORGE ROSS VIL



         9.   DOCUMENTATION OF EARLY CONDUM OF FOREBAY
              FAIRMOUNT     FROM   THE    HEADARCHES    OF   THE     FOREBAY,
              (PHILADELPHIA: C.G. CHILDS AND R.H. HOBSON, 1829), CITY ARCHIVES
              COLLECTION.



         10.  DOCUMENTATION OF FOREBAY PRE 1867
              VIEW OF FAIRMOUNT WATERWORKS FROM THE LANDING 1867,
              JULIUS BIEN (AMERICAN, BORN GERMANY 1826-1909), ARTIST, AFTER
              JACOB KIEHN (ACTIVE PFULA., 1865-69).



         ii.  IRON RAILINGS AND FOREBAY, AT PERIOD OF RESTORATION
              FAIRMOUNT WATERWORKS FOREBAY AREA:         VIEW TAKEN FROM
              GARDEN PATHS LEADING TO RESERVOIR, 1870, CITY ARCHIVES
              COLLECTION.



         12.  FOREBAY AND BOAT LANDING, CONNECTION TO OTHER RESCOURCES
              FAIRMOUNT WATERWORKS, c. JULY 1896, CITY ARCHIVES COLLECTION.



         13.  FOREBAY LANDING NORTHWEST, 1896
              FAIRMOUNT WATERWORKS: VIEW OF FOREBAY BRIDGE AND SMALL
              PAVILION, c. 1890 COLLECTION OF FAIRMOUNT PARK COMMISSION.



         14.  DOCUMENTATION FOR PERIOD OF RESTORATION
              FAIRMOUNT WATERWORKS: VIEW OF SOUTH ENTRANCE HOUSE AND
              PAVILION, PHOTO BY JAMES CREMER, c. 1870,      COLLECTION OF
              FAIRMOUNT PARK COMMISSION.



         15.  DOCUMENTATION FOR PERIOD OF RESTORATION
              FAIRMOUNT WATERWORKS: FOREBAY BRIDGE, c. 1870, COLLECTION
              OF FAIRMOUNT PARK COMMISSION.











           16.   DOCUMENTATION FOR PERIOD OF RESTORATION
                 FAIRMOUNT WATERWORKS:              VIEW OF FOREBAY, WATERING
                 COMMITTEE BUILDING AND NEW MILL HOUSE, LOOKING NORTHEAST,
                 PHOTO BY JAMES CREMER, c. 1870, COLLECTION OF FAIRMONT PARK
                 COMMISSION.




           17.   DOCUMENTATION FOR PERIOD OF RESTORATION
                 FAIRMOUNT WATERWORKS FOREBAY, c. 1900, CITY ARCHIVES
                 COLLECTION.



           18.   DOCUMENTATION OF RETAR41NG WALL
                 REPAIRING FOREBAY WALL AT NEW MILL HOUSE, PHILADELPHIA WATER
                 DEPARTMENT, 20 JULY 1896.



           19.   DOCUMENTATION FOR PERIOD OF REMRATION
                 VIEW OF FAIRMOUNT WATER WORKS FROM A STEREOPTICON JAMES CREMER, c. 1870,
                 COLLECTION OF FAIRMOUNT PARK COMMISSION.



























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                                25










                      FMORIC VIEWS. CIIFFSIDE PAMS AND SIRUCTURES




           20.   DOCUMENTATION FOR LANDSCAPING AND WALKWAY CONNECTION
                 TO OTHER RECREATIONAL RESCOURCES '
                 FAIRMOUNT WATERWORKS: VIEW FROM CENTENNIAL OBSERVATION
                 TOWER LOOKING SOUTH, PHOTO BY JAMES CREMER, c. 1900,
                 COLLECTION OF THE FREE LIBRARY OF Pl-IlLADELPHIA.



           21.   DOCUMENTATION OF CONSTRUC-11ON OF AQUARIUM DRIVE
                 EVENING BULLETIN, 15 JUNE 1925, COLLECTION OF THE FREE LIBRARY OF
                 PHILADELPHIA.



           22.   DOCUMENTATION OF PATHWAYS FROM RESERVOIR SHOWS PAVING BELOW
                 HILLSIDE AT EDGE OF FOREBAY
                 FAIRMOUNT WATERWORKS RESERVOIR, c. 1900, COURTESY OF THE FREE LIBRARY OF
                 PHILADELPHIA.



           23.   FOREBAY PAVING AND HILLSIDE, PERIOD OF RESTORATION
                 FAIRMOUNT WATERWORKS: VIEW OF RESERVOIR, DISTRIBUTION ARCH &
                 STANDPIPE FROM TERRACE OF NEW MILL HOUSE, LANDING AVE. VISIBLE AT LEFF,
                 PHOTO BY JAMES CREMER, c. 1870, COLLECTION OF FAIRMOUNT PARK COMMISSION.



           24.   PATES AND RAILINGS, PERIOD OF RESTORATION
                 FAIRMOUNT WATERWORKS: VIEW LOOKING NORTH FROM PATHS LEADING TO TOP
                 OF RESERVOIR, PHOTO BY JAMES CREMER, c. 1870, COLLECTION OF FAIRMOUNT PARK
                 COMMISSION.



           25.   DOCUMENTATION FOR EQUIPMENT ON FOREBAY, PERIOD OF RESTORATION
                 FAIRMOUNT WATERWORKS DISTRIBUTION ARCH FROM PAVILION ABOVE OLD MILL
                 HOUSE, PHOTO BY JAMES CREMER, c. 1870, COLLECTION OF FAIRMOUNT PARK
                 COMMISSION.





















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                            31










                                  11SMRIC VIEWS: SOLTM GARDEN






             26.   EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF SOUTH GARDEN AND TREE POSITIONS IN LAWN
                   VIEW OF THE FAIRMOUNT WATERWORKS: FRONTISPIECE FROM"THE FAIRMOUNT
                   QUADRILLES", c. 1830.



             27.   DOCUMENTAnONFORRETAPJNGWALILANDSCAPEPAVING,ANDBENCHESPERIODOF
                   RESTORATION
                   VIEW FROM WEST BANK LOOKING EAST, c. 1870, COLLECTION OF THE FREE LIBRARY
                   OF PHILADELPI-HA.



             28.   DOCUMENTATION FOR LANDSCAPE, BENCHES, AND PAVING
                   FAIRMOUNT WATERWORKS: ENGINE HOUSE & GARDEN, VIEW LOOKING
                   NORTHWEST, c.1870, COLLECTION OF FAIRMOUNT PARK COMMISSION.



             29.   DOCUMENTATION FOR LANDSCAPE, WALLS, AND RAILINGS PERIOD OF
                   RESTORATION
                   FAIRMOUNT WATERWORKS GARDEN NEAR FOREBAY, VIEW LOOKING NORTH, c. 1870,
                   COLLECTION OF FAIRMOUNT PARK COMMISSION.



             30.   DOCUMENTATION OF LANDSCAPE, AND STATUARY PERIOD OF RFS10RATION
                   FAIRMOUNT WATERWORKS: SOUTH GARDEN NYMPH & BITTERN, c. 1895, EISENLOHR
                   COLLECTION.



             31.   LANDSC"E RAILINGS AND PAVING PERIOD OF RESTORATION
                   FAIRMOUNT WATERWORKS: GARDEN AREA & PATH LEADING TO RESERVOIR, VIEW
                   LOOKING SOUTH, c. 1870, PHOTO BY JAMES CREMER, COLLECTION OF FAIRMOUNT
                   PARK COMMISSION.




-1
I
I
I
I             E. QUESTIONNAIRES COMPLETED
t                BY PROJECT PARTICIPANTS
I
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I
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                                            F.. .. . . . . . . .


                        AM
                              N E W S....W. A: N GE::@!R
            UTI:
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                                                      :_.X . . ... .....
    RIANNA M.    THOMAS    A. 1. A.                              BRIAN   L  NEWSWANGER      A. 1. A.

           November 2T, 1989
           Revised December 1, 1989

           FAIRMOUNT WATER WORKS FOREBAY FEASIBILITY STUDY


           Introduction

           With the assistance of a grant from the Coastal Zone Management Division of
           the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources, the Water Department
           has retained Thomas & Newswanger Architects to undertake a schematic design
           study for restoration of the Fairmount Water Works Forebay. Infilled in
           1923 to provide the bed for Aquarium Drive, the Forebay was historically
           excavated as a race direoting water from the Schuylkill River upstream of
           the dam, to the east-side of the old mill house, through which it flowed to
           power the original waterwheels, and later turbines, before spilling back
           into the Schuylkill downstream of the dam. The Bridge provided access from
           the "mainland" across the Forebay to the Water Works promenades and
           facilities. The attached site plan illustrates the relationship between the
           original waterway and bridge and current street and park features.

           A major objective of the schematic design study is the restoration of the
           relationship of land, water and buildings to evoke understanding of the
           original working system and to recreate the historic setting of one of
           Philadelphia's favorite sites.     I@ the 19th century, visitors came to
           observe the success of simple technology In a setting which combined
           natural and man-made beauty. In a designed landsc  ape whose backdrop is the
           rugged crags of Fair Mount rising above the water, the working structures
           were sunk beneath the Engine House Deck and the visitor's feet, crowned by a
           classically balanced row of doric pavilions along the riverfront.

           In the 1990s, the restored Fairmount Waterworks will once again become a
           public attraction. Current plans call for operation of a restaurant in the
           Engine House and opening of interpretative displays below the Engine House
           Deck. In a context of increasing public visitation and need for service
           access, the restoration objectives of reintroducing water into the Forebay
           and reviving the Bridge approach to the site create challenges and present
           potential conflicts.

           In the effort to take into account the work done by others before us and the
           opinions of those who have given time and thought over the last fifteen
           years to the restoration of the Water Works, we have prepared a short
           questionnaire. In the sectibn on background and program information, feel
           free to focus on the portions with which you have experience and to skip
           unfamiliar items. But, please respond to all items in the section on views
           and opinions. Since the project has a short schedule, we must ask that all
           responses be sent to the above address by December 15, 1982.

















                              GAZEBO



                                       MOUND DAM


                 44f
                                                    NEW Ml    OUSE
                       NORTH TERRACE--@                               WATERING COMF#ITTEE BLDG-1


                                            NORTH ENTR%ANCE
                                                     HOUSE


                                                                              ILLION


                                        OLD MIL"L HOUSE
              Lu                           (BELOW)
                                                                               H ENTRA     HOUSE


               ct                                        E:

                                                ICARETAK R HOUSE





                                                                               ENGINE HOUSE








               @J









                                                                 CITY OF PHILADELPHIA* PA.
                                                                    WATER DEPARTMENT



                                                                  EXISTING STRUCTURES










           FAIRMOUNT WATER WORKSFOREBAY SCHEMATIC STUDY QUESTIONNAIRE

           1.   BACKGROUND AND PROJECT PROGRAM


           As   Describe your affiliation, role and previous experience in planning,
           fundraising coordination, implementation of the restoration of the
           Fairmount Water Works.
           Philadelphia      Water Department,Manager,,Public Education)with
           responsibility for developmet of the Water Works Interpretive
           Center, 1985-1989; served as liaison for Interpretive Center with'
           all other facets of the Water Works installation, 1985--1988.



           B.   Documentary resources. Tfre -Water Department has provided copies of
           drawings, photographs and reports. in its files, including 1978 HAER measured
           drawings; 1928 and 1984,sewer and utility drawings; 1981 Adaptive Use
           Feasibility Study of,John Milner Associates; 1986 Design for an Interpretive
           Center by Matheu Cebul & Associates; historic photographs in Water
           Department files. From Fairmount Park fileat prints of historic 1913 and
           1923 site plans and the photogrammetric map have been assembled. Team
           researchers from Clio Group, Inc. expect to review the records of the
           historic libraries and archives in the city. If you are aware of other
           historic descriptions and/or views, historic site or garden plans street or
           landscape drawings, or other sources, please list them below.

           Not aware of other sources.                        

                                                         

           C.   Of what proposed future plans should we be aware for traffiap street,
           utility, pedestrian uses adjacent to the site, including Kelly Drive# Spring
           Garden Street bridge, West River Drive bridgel Philadelphia Art Museum
           driveway?

          Schulkill River Park, connects with the South end of the Water Works
 V        Garden.
           Does Fairmount Park or Boat House Row plan to remove the island
           which has formed from deposition just upstream of the Fairmount Dam?
 









           II. VIEWS AND OPINIONS

           A.  What do you see   as,the primary objectives for the site?       (tourist
           attractidnq historic  restoration, recreation, cultural exhibitg income
           generation, occupancy of vacant buildings, other?)

           In priority order:
           1)  Cultural icon

           2) Historic/environmental       eSucation

           3) Recreation/tourist attraction



           B.  What do you see as the major restoration objectives for the site? What
           role should the Forebay serve at the site? (reoreationg part of interpretive
           exhibitt park restoration, control of movement through site, other?)

           The Forebay should serve an essential aesthetic and interpretive
           role at the site. Control of movement and access for restaurant
           and interpretive center should be accommodated around the aesthetic
           considerations. In addition, the Forebay can serve as a natural
           gathering place for outdoor events at the site.



           C.  In the best possible world, de'scribe how you believe the Forebayo
           bridgeg Aquarium Drive and other vehicular and pedestrian access
           would work in the restored site.
           Exposure of the bridge and Forebay walls of the Old and New Mill Houses would
           add a vertical component to the northern and eastern facades of the sites,
           currently very horizontal. Bridge would be excavated enough to allow emergency
           vehicles under at least one arch. The east Forebay would serve as a natural
           gathering place for special events, concerts, etc. Inlet gates from Forebay to
           Old and New Mill Houses could be reopened for access and or light. At the east
           side of'the Forebay, a slope or retaining wall with a roadway at its top would
           allow emergency,and maintenance vehicle access to the Engine Houses and South
           Garden, replacing the current bite path. Utilities would be beneath this road
           way. A new staircase at1the south end of-the Forebay would permit access from the
           (SEE ATTACHED SHEET)
           D. What constraints would make it difficult to acheive the restoration
           described in question II.C. above? (For example, your concerns about the
           reintroduction of water into the Forebay, restaurant delivery and trash
           disposal needs, etc.)

           The Forebay would become a pond following every rainfall event@ unless gravity flow
           to the river through the storm water conduit or a small storm water pumping station
           were constructed (PWD could maintain the pumping station) retaining wall might be
           necessary due to the width of the Forebay, but wouldadd to the cost. Restaurant
           delivery and trash removal could be done through existing inlet gates or a new
           opening in the Forebay wall.









          E.   Explain advantages.of the ideal you described in II.C above.

              Meets all of my primary objectives for the site and accommodates restaurant
              and emergency vehicle access requirements.







          F.   Explain disadvantages of the ideal you described in II.C above.

               Storm water run-off considerdtions.











          G. Do you think that limiting vehicular   access to the Forebay and Aquarium
          Drive would enhance the site's historic character?    abso1jit-ply
               ... would detraot from its use by the public?    on thp rnnfrqr@Z
               Explain your thinking.


            The aesthetic and interpretive objectives can be maximized by limiting vehicular
            access to the Forebay. Valet parking for the restaurant at night would limit
            its use for evening special events, but would not have an unreasonable impact
            on my objectives. The impact of restaurant delivery and trash disposal could
            be minimized through the design process.







          Ii. C. (Cont'd)

          Forebay to the South Garden level. Parking would be prohibited in the Forebay
          or along the elevated access road. Valet parking might be accommodated, however.
          I envision something akin to the dry moats of restored European castles. The
          floor of the Forebay could 6e terrace in some fashion to hide the storm water
          sewer and accommodate multiple uses. Excavation of the Forebay would continue
          west towards the gazebo at the end of the Mound Dam, perhaps inclining from the
          bridge to the existing elevation at the river's edge and the Italian fountain
          circle.






                                                                             Vf-YS
        FAIRMOUNT WATER WORKS FOREBAT SCHEMATIC STUDY QUESTIONNAIRE

        I.  BACKGROUND AND PROJECT PROGRAM
        A.  Describe your affiliat'i@n, role and previous experience in planning,
        fundraising, coordination, implementation of the restoration of the
        Fairmount Water Works.
        Matthew G. Smith, Project Engineer, Philadelphia water Department

            1986 thru 1987 - PWD representative for the Old Mill House Restorati6n
                              and Storm Sewer Reconstruction; Member of Fairmount Water
                              Works Steering Committee.


        B.  Documentary resources. The Water Department has provided copies            of
        drawings, photographs and reports in its files, including 1978 RAER measured
        drawings; 1928 and 1984 sewer and atility drawings; 1981 Adaptive Use
        Feasibility Study of John Milner Associates; 1986 Design for    an Interpretive
        Center by Matheu Cebul & Azsociates; historic photographs in Water
        Department files. From Fairmount Park files, prints of historic       -1913 and
        1923 site plans and the photogrammetric map have been assembled. Team
        researchers from Clio Group, Inc. expect to review the records of the
        historic libraries and archives in the city. If you are aware of other
        historic descriptions and/or views, historic site or garden plansq street or
        landscape drawings, or other sources, please list them below.



                                                                         KXXXXXXXXXXXXXX







        C.   Of what proposed future plans should we be aware for traffic,,       streeto
        utility, pedestrian uses adjacent to the site, including Kelly Drive, Spring
        Garden Street bridge, West River Drive bridget Philadelphia Art           Museum
        driveway?



                                                                    XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
        FAIRMOUNT WATER WORKS FOREBAY SCHEMATIC STUDY QUESTIONNAIRE CON'T

        I. BACKGROUND AND PROJECT PROGRAM


        A. CONIT

           1988 to present   Prepared*Engine House Deck Reconstruction construction
                             specifications; responsible for public advertisement of the
                             EHD project and contractor selection; attend monthly on-site
                             construction progress meetings for EHD and responsible for
                             PWD coordination with outside agencies; Review consultants
                             invoices; PWD representative in charge of DCZM grant for
                             the Forebay Feasibility Study; Member of Fairmount Water
                             works Steering Committee.











        II. VIEWS AND OPINIONS

        A.  What do you see as the primary objectives for the site?         (tourist
        attraction, historic restoration, recreation, cultural exhibitt income
        generation, occupancy of vacant buildings, other?)
        The primary objective in my mind is to creAte a safe environment in which the
        public/tourist can come and see the Fairmount Water Works as it once was.
        From my experience with historic restoration many people are very interested in
        the FWW's site and how it worked as the City's water supply. One major problem
        is the lack of people in the area causing safety concerns. With the future de-
        velopment of a restaurant at th@ site for nighttime use, this problem of safety
        will be alleviated due to the public presence. of particiualr concern is the
        outh Garden area near the Spring Garden Street Bridge and the cliffs along the
        present Aquarium Drive are hidingplaces for the "undesirable element".
        S


        B.  What do you see as the major restoration objectives for the site? What
        role should the Forebay serve at the site? (recreation, part of interpretive
        exhibit, park restoration, control of movement through site, other?)
        The primary role of an excavated Forebay and Forebay bridge at the FWW's would
        be to show how the Mill Buildings served as an extension of the Fairmount Dam.
        This is key in interpreting the facility and understanding how it operated.







        C.  In the best possible world, describe how you believe the Forebay,
        bridge, Aquarium Drive and other vehicular and pedestrian access
        would work in the restored site.
        My idea of an excavated Forebay would be the exposure of th6-Forebay Bridge in-
        cluding its arches for pedestrian access across the top of the bridge to the
        Old Mill House Deck from the Art Museum hillside. Emergency and valet parking
        access to the Engine House from the Italian Fountain circle area could be over
        the Forebay Bridge by means of an earthen ramp up to and down from the eastern
        most arch of the bridge which allows pedesetrian passage beneath the two arches
        closest to the Old Mill House. The Forebay wall of the Old Mill House would have
        the existing gates opened as passageways for pedestrians/patrons into the area
        beneath the Old Mill House Deck. Restaurant service vehicles would ideally
        come from the South Garden underneath the Spring Garden St. Bridge.

        D. What constraints would   make it difficult to acheive the restoration
        described in question II.C. above? (For example, your concerns about the
        reintroduction of water into the Forebayt restaurant delivery and trash
        disposal needs, etc.)

        My biggest concern is the cost@of constructing a roadway for restaurant ser-
        vice vehicles to enter from the south.









      E.  Explain advantages.of the ideal you described in II.C above.

       The advantage is limited vehicular access during daytime and controlled valet
       parking-for the restaurant in the evening. This allows safe usage of the exca-
       vated Forebay by pedestrians/patrons. Access from the south for restaurant
       service vehicles would help deter the "undesirables" in the South Garden
       area.







     F. . Explain disadvantages of the ideal you described in II.C above.


       Once again, the cost of constriActing'an access road from the south is a concern.









     G. Do you think that limiting vehicular access to the Forebay and Aquarium
     Drive would enhance the site's historic character?
          ...would detract from its use by the public?
          Explain you thinking.


       I think that limiting vehicular access to the Forebay/Aquarium Drive would enhance
       the sites historic character. The vision of strolling through the historic Fair-
       mount Water Works would be pleasing to me as a citizen. Excessive vehicular
       traffic would more than likely detract from this passive recreation.-










           FAIRMOUNT WATER WORKS FOREBAT SCHEMATIC STUDT QUESTIONNAIRE

           I.   BACKGROUND AND PROJECT PROGRAM

           A.   Describe your affiliationt role-and previous experience in planning,
           fundraising, coordination, implementation of the restoration of the
           Fairmount Water Works.
           Ed Grusheski, Water Works Interpretive Center Director
             Hired by Philadelphia Water DepSrtment to organize an interpretive center in.
             a portion of the.restored Fairmount Water Works.
             Background: Museum curator and educator.
             Have been working on the pr oject since November of 1988.

           B.  Documentary resources. The Vater Department has provided copies of
           drawingsq photographs and reports. in its files, including 1978 HAER measured
           drawings; 1928 and 1984 sewer and utility drawings; 1981 Adaptive Use
           Feasibility Study of John Milner Associates; 1986 Des@gn for an Inter2retive
           Center by Matheu Cebul & Associates; historic photographs in Water
           Department files. From Fairmount Park files, prints of historic 1913 and
           1923 site plans and the photogrammetric map have been assembled. Team
           researchers from Clio Group, Inc. expect to review the records of the
           historic libraries and archives in the city. If you are aware of other
           historic descriptions and/or views, historic site or garden planst street or
           landscape drawings, or other sources, please list them below.

           In addition to materials provided above, the Water Department hascompiled a
           list of Water Works materials in the Library Company of Philadelphia (some
           Xerox copies of visual materials in that institution's holdings,  as well).





           C.   Of what proposed future plans should we be aware for traffic, street,
           utilityt pedestrian uses: adjacent to the site, including Kelly Drivet Spring
           Garden Street bridge, West River Drive bridge, Philadelphia Art Museum
           driveway?
           The Fairmount Park Commi@sion has recently -undertaken a study of public use
           and vehicular traffic pa@terns in the area of the Park immediately north of',
           the site.











            II. VIEWS AND OPINIONS
            A.  What do you see as, the primary objectives for the site?            (tourist
            attractidnp historic restorationg recreationt cultural exhibit# income
            generation, occupancy of vacant buildingst other?)

            1. Restoration of a Nat'l Historic Landmark to ca. 1871 appearance.
            2. Interpretation of central role Water Works played in development of 19th C
             Philadelphia - a public educational facility at the site.
            3. Appropriate commercial rewse of buildings which will.attract the public
             ensuring the Water Works a role in Philadelphia's urban life today.




            B. What do you see as the major    restoration objectives for the site? 'What
            role should the Forebay serve at  the site? (reareationf part of interpretive
            exhibit, park restoration, control of movement through sitep other?)
            To make the Fairmount Water Works once again a destination     recreational and
            cultural - for Philadelphians. A restored forebay would make the mechanics
            of the Water Works immediately understandable to the visitor; it would also
            provide the opportunity to restore the truly unique garden setting that once
            existed there.



            C.  In the best possible world, describe how you believe the Forebayt
            bridgey Aquarium Drive and other vehicular and pedestrian access
            would work in the restored site.

            Ideally, I would like to see a fully restored Forebay with the excavated
            bridge providing only pedestrian access-at the north end of the site; the
            dark stone of Fairmount punctuated by fountains, sculpture, and a romantic
            footpath to the Art Museum would drop, once again, directiy into the waters
            of the Forebay. Those same waters would flow through the building operating
            the remaining turbine and pump.




            D. What constraints would make it difficult to acbeive the restoration
            described in question II.C. above? (For example, your concern's       about the
            reintroduction of water into the Forebay, restaurant delivery         and trash
            disposal needs, etc.)
            Admittedly this vision wouf@ severly limit vehicular access to the site, a
            less than desireable situation for a restaurant or an Interpretive     Center.
            However, full excavation of the bridge and the Forebay adjacent to     the Old
            Mill House without reintroducing water would add significantly to interpreting
            the site, while allowing limited vehicular access for the restaurant and
            Interpretive Center. A full excavation would also provide a new area for
            adaptive us.e, a degree of security for the ensemble of buildings, and an
            opportunity to connect areas on either of that space which, it appears, will
            be occupiedby a restaurant, thereby enhancing the physical situation for an
            Interpretive Center.









          E.   Explain advantages of the Ideal you described in MC above.-


               See -above.










          F.   Explain disadvantages of the ideal you described in MC   above.


                See above.










           G. Do you think that limiting vehicular access to the Forebay and Aquarium
           Drive would enhance the site's historic character? Absolutely yes
                ... would detract from its use by the public? No
                Explain your thinking.
               Historically access to the north end of the site was,by foot only,.
               carriages could aaproach through the south garden while access for
               operational needs was generally accomplished by river (the latter two
               means of access might be looked at as possible solutions for today). The
               Fairmount Water Works was a major visitor destination where on foot, one
               could leisurely admire the well-maintained Fardens, the bucolic views,
               and the impressive machinery housed discretely in an ensemble of handsomely
               designed buildings and enjoy a bite to eat at the Engine House Restaurant.
               With an imaginative plan which would allow limited vehicular access through
               a fully excavated Forebay, the Fairmount Water Works could become such a
               destination once again, a genuine asset to the Fairmount Park System.









           FAIRMOUNT WATER WORKS FOREBAY SCHEMATIC STUDY QUESTIONNAIRE

           I.   BACKGROUND AND PROJECT PROGRAM


           A.   Describe your affiliation, role and previous experience in planning,
           fundraising, coordination, implementation of the restoration of the
           Fairmount Water Works.
               70






           B .  Documentary resources. The Water Department has provided copies of
           drawings, photographs and reports in its filesp including 1978 HAER measured
           drawings; 1928 and 1984 -sewer and utility drawings; 1981 Adaptive Use
           Feasibility Study of John Milner Associates; 1986 Design for an Interpretive
           Center by Matheu Cebul & Associates; historic photographs in Water
           Department files. From Fairmount Park files, prints of historic 1913 and
           1923 site plans and the photogrammetric map have been assembled. Team
           researchers from Clio Group, Inc. expect to review the records of the
           historic libraries and archives in the city. If you are aware of other
           historic descriptions and/or views, historic site or garden plansl street or
           landscape drawings, or other sources, please list them below.
                                                                     _Aw,








           C.   Of what proposed future plans should we be aware for traffic, street,
           utility, pedestrian uses adjacent to the site, including Kelly Driveg Spring
           Garden Street bridge, West River Drive bridge, Philadelphia Art Museum
           d riveway?





         II. VIEWS AND OPINIONS                                              (tourist
         A.   What do you  see as the primary objectives for the site?
         attractidn, historic restoration, recreation, cultural exhibit, income
         generation# occupancy of vacant buildings, other?)
                                                                               Azz -a@










         B.  What do you see as the major restoration objectives for the site? What
         role should the Forebay serve at the site? (recreation, part of interpretive
         exhibit, park restoration, control of movement through site, other?)









         C.   In the best  Possible world, describe how you believe the Forebay,
         bridge, Aquarium Drive and other vehicular and pedestrian access
         would work in the restored site.
         a4 4 la4""L ----L -2Z:-                        14w@











         D. What constraints would make it difficult to acheive the restoration
         described in question II.C. above? (For example, your    concerns about the
         reintroduction of water, into the Forebay, restauz:ant delivery and trash
         disposal needs, etc.) 4









         E.   Explain advantages.of the ideal you described in II.C above.











         F.   Explain disadvantages of the ideal you described in II.C above.











          G. Do you think that limiting vehicular access to the Forebay and Aquarium
          Drive would enhance the site's historic character?
               ... would detract from its use by the publIcT-
               Explain your thinking.










          A.  Joan Fredette has been associated with the Fairmount
              Water Works     since  1980   as -coordinator    of special
              programs   and    facilities   for    the   Fairmount    Park
              Commission. Joan sat on the original steering committee
              chaired by former Water Commissioner Marrazzo. In 1983,
              as part of her charge as Manager of the Public Affairs
              division for the Water Department, she hired a Water
              Works Interpretive Center Coordinator who is heading
              fundraising    and organizational development of the
              Interpretive Center at @he Water Works.. During Joan's
              tenure   at   Fairmount Park      and Philadelphia Water
              Department, she has prepared fundraising packages for
              William Penn, Diedrich and PEW foundations, led the
              Italian fountain restoration, coordinated programming
              and overseen major goals and objectives for the Water
              Works.

          B.  Ed Grusheski, who heads the Interpretive Center- project
              for the Water Department, has access to all department
              reports, drawings, models with respect to the Water
              Works. He may be contacted at 592-4908.

          C.  In addition to those mentioned, there are several
              ongoing projects in the vicinity of the Water Works that
              you should be aware of:      The Pennsylvania Horticulture
              Society's restoration of the Azelea Gardens, the
              proposed pedestrian bridge or traffic light on Kelly
              Drive at Boat House Row, two Coastal Zone Management
              grants; to one for Boat House Row restoration and the
              other for docking facilities on the lower Schuylkill to
              encourage visitors to Bartrams Gardens, the Water Works,
              etc., state money appropriated for dredging between Boat
              House Row and Schuylkill River island, and a feasibility
              study for Schuylkill River Park.


          A.  The Water Department's main goal in restoring the Water
              Works is the education and the interpretation of the
              history of the Schuylkill River and the water system in
              Philadelphia.

          B.  The Water Works site is extraordinary in that it sits on
              a peninsula.    Recreating the impression of the forebay
              should be the major goal for both the esthetics and
              education reasons.      Solutions to the vehicular and
              pedestrian traffi  'c'are complicated by the excavation of
              the forebay, but we are hopeful that you, the designer,
              will develop viable options that accentuates this
              incredible site.


          C.  See above.

          D.  The most difficult problem to solve if the forebay is
              dug will be the coexistence of history with the
              restaurant.










         E   See 2B.


         F.  See 2B.


         G.  Yes
             No, not  if it is done properly.




         CC: Ed Grusheski
              John Plonski









                          FAIRMOUNT PARK COMMISSION

                                        MMORIAL HALL
                                    West Park, Philadelphia, Pa. 19131
                                            December 12, 1989RECEIVED,

                                                                           ER
        Marianna M. Thomas, A.I.A.
        Thomas & Newswanger Arcbitects
        3961 Baltimore Avenue
        Philadelphia, PA 19104

                                            re: Fairmount Waterworks
                                                Forebay Feasibility Study
        Dear Marianna:


             The Fairmount Park Commission has undertaken the restoration
        of Fairmount Waterworks with the assistance of the.Philadelphia
        Water Department and the Junior League of Philadelphia. I
        coordinate this project with those organizations under the Park
        Director.

             our intention in excavating Aquarium Drive is to recreate
        the appearance of the forebay as an essential element of the
        restoration. Also necessary will be provision of access to the
        river level of the Old Mill House for service delivery and
        emergency egress.

             The plans for access to the interpretive center and
        restaurant anticipate primary entrances via 'the existing stairway
        to the pumproom in the Engine House and via the Caretakers' House
        for the restaurant (plans enclosed). The drop off point should
        be within 200 feet of these doors.

             I expect, in the completed work to be able to look across
        the excavated forebav -from the Old Mill deck to the exposed rock
        face of Fair Mount. This will then recreate the mill buildings
        as a pier extending to the dam with access via the forebay
        bridge. The creation of the Waterworks as a place physically
        tied to the river and separate from the Park will establish it as
        a major destination. Please refer to my plan in the drawing in
        the enclosed brochure. In finished form, better exposure needs
        be given to the bridge structure.

             Please call me at 685-0044, if I may be of further
        assistance in your design.

                                            Sincerely,


                                            Pete@- N.*Odell t
                                            Management & Development
                                            Administrator












          FAIRMOUNT WATER WORKS FOREBAT SCHEMATIC STUDY QUESTIONNAIRE


          1.   BACKGROUND AND PROJECT PROGRAM

          A.   Describe your affiliation, role and previous experience In planning
          fundraising, coordination, Implementation of the restoration of the
          Fairmount Water Works.
              
                      
          4B    Documentary resources.. Thd..Water Department has provided copies of
          drawings, photographs and. reports In its filess including 1978 BAER measured
          drawings; 1928 and 1984 sever and utility drawings; 1981 Adaptive Use
          Feasibility Study of J'                     ; 1986 Desi
                                ohn Milner Associates           xn for an Interpretive
          Center by Matheu Cebul & Associates; historic photographs in Water
          Department files. From Fairmount Park files, prints of historic 1913 and
          1923 site plans and the photogrammetric map have been assembled. Team
          researchers from Clio Group Inc. expect to review the records of the
          historic libraries and archives in the city. If you are aware of other
          historic descriptions and/or views, historic site or garden plans# street or
          landscape drawings, or other sources, please list them below.

                            



          C.   Of what proposed future plans should we be aware for traffic, street#
          utility, pedestrian uses adjacent to the siter including Kelly Drive, Spring
          Garden Street bridge, West River Drive bridge, Philadelphia Art Museum
          driveway?
                                                     8r t4i'Ve,
 










          II. VIEWS AND OPINIONS

          A.   What do you see as the primary objectives for the site?         (tourist
          attraction, historic restoration, recreation, cultural exhibit, income
          generation, occupancy of vacant buildingsl other?)
                      






          B.   What do you see as the major restoration objectives for the site? What
          role should the Forebay serve at the site? (recreation, part of interpretive
          exhibit, park restoration,control of movement through site, other?)
                   
                                                                 
          C.   In the best possible world, describe how you believe the Forebayt
          bridget Aquarium Drive and other vehicular and pedestrian 'access
          would work in the restored site.
                                                          

          D. What constraints would make it difficult to acheive the restoration
          described in question II.C. above? (For example, your concerns about the
          reintroduction of water into the Forebay restaurant delivery and trash
          disposal needs, etc.)
               









           E.   Explain advantages of the ideal you described in II.C above.











           F.   Explain disadvantages of the ideal you described in IX.C above.
                          U                 142*    't4"4Y   -4AO %).)L At SAP.&






           0. Do you think that limiting vehicular access to the Forebay and  Aquarium
           Drive would enhance the site's historic character?
                .,.would detract from its use by the public?
                Explain your thinking.
 









           FAIRMOUNT WATER WORKS FOREBAY SCHEMATIC STUDY QUESTIONNAIRE

           I.  BACKGROUND AND PROJECT PROGRAM


           A.  Describe your affiliation, role and previous experience in planning,
           fundraising, coordination, implementation of the restoration of the
           Fairmount Water Works.
                         A-, AV
                 J'@




           B.  Documentary resources. Thb Water Department has provided copies of
           drawingsq photographs and reports-in its files, including 1978 HAER measured
           drawings; 1928 and 1984-sewer and utility drawings; 1981 Adaptive Use
           Feasibility Study of John Milner Associates; 1986 Design for an Interpretive
           Center by Matheu Cebul & Associates; historic photographs in Water
           Department files. From Fairmount Park filesp prints of historic 1913 and
           1923 site plans and the photogrammetric map have been assembled. Team
           researchers from Clio Group, Inc. expect to review the records of the
           historic libraries and archives in the city. If you are aware of other
           historic descriptions and/or views, historic site or garden plans, street or
           landscape drawings, or other sources, please list them below.









           C.   Of what proposed future plans should we be aware for traffict street,
           utility, pedestrian uses adjacent to the site, including Kelly Drive, Spring
           Garden Street bridge, West River Drive bridgep Philadelphia Art Museum
           driveway?












          II. VIEWS AND OPINIONS

          A.  What do you see as 'the primary objectives for the site?        (tourist
          attractidnt historic restoration, recreation, cultural exhibit, income
          generation occupancy of vacant buildin s, other?)










          B.  What do you see as the major restoration objectives for the site? What
          role should the Forebay serve at the site? (recreationg part of interpretive
          exhibit, park restoration, control of movement through sitet other?)
                                                                      601-
                       8VVV1((,40JA.2
                         8M V I ILI- 4"4AA



          C.  In the best possible world, deberibe how you believe the Forebay,
          bridge, Aquarium Drive and other vehicular and pedestrian access
          would work in the restored site.














          D. What constraints would make it difficult to acheive the restoration
          described in question I8I.C. above? (For example, your concerns about the
          reintroduction of water into the Forebay, restaurant delivery and trash
          disposal needs, etc.)
                                                                801-60156;48      76f00A/44L
                                                                      92L2L-
                                                            64ov92n
                                     28M32
 










          E.   Explain advantages of the ideal you described in II.C above.
                                    

          G. Do you think that limiting vehicular access to the Forebay and Aquarium
          Drive would enhance the site's historic character?
               ...Would detract from its use by the public?
               Explain your thinking.
                                                          
 








           FAIRMOUNT WATER WORKS FOREBAT SCHEMATIC STUDY QUESTIONNAIRE

           I.  BACKGROUND AND PROJECT PROGRAM

           A.  Describe your affiliation, role and previous experience in planning,
           fundraising, coordination, implementation of the restoration of the
           Fairmount Water Works.
                                                                 -1w dt-L Lrj c,@





           B.  Documentary resources. The Water Department has provided copies of
           drawingst photographs and- reports in its file3l including 1978 HAER measured
           drawings; 1928 and 1984 sewer and utility drawings; 1981 Adaptive Use
           Feasibility Study of John Milner Associates; 1986 Design for an Interpretive
           Center by Matheu Cebul & Associates; -historic photographs in Water
           Department fil es. From Fairmount Park files, prints of historic 1913 and
           1923 site plans and the photogrammetric map have been assembled. Team
           researchers from Clio Group, Inc. expect to review the records of the
           historic libraries and archives in the city. If you are aware of other
           historic descriptions and/or views, historic site or garden planet street or
           landscape drawings, or other sources, please list them below.










           C.   Of what proposed future plans should we be aware   for traffic, street,
           utility, pedestrian uses adjacent to the site, including Kelly Drive, Spring
           Garden Street bridge, West River Drive bridgeg Philadelphia Art Museum
           driveway?






                                                                  REC'EIVED
                                                                    DEC 2 1 1989

                                                                        & NEWswpr uc
                                                                      ,*@('H I TP G. I S











           II. VIEWS AND OPINIONS
           A.   What do you see as the primary objectives for the site?        (tourist
           attrulln, historic restoration, recreation, a
                                                             exhibit income
           generationg oc-cupancy of vacant buildings, otber?)






           Ile


           B.  What do you see as the major restorat on objectives for  the site? What
           role should the Forebay serve at the site? (recreation, part of interpretive
           exhibit, park restoration, control of movement through sitel other?)








           C.   In the best possible world, describe    bow you believe the Forebay,
           bridgeo Aquarium Drive and other vehicular and pedestrian access
           would work in the restored site.






           D. What constraints would make it difficult to acheive the restoration
           described in question II.C. above? (For example, your concerns about the
           reintroduction of water into the Forebay restaurant delivery and trash
           disposal needs, etc.)





                            80VI40S,
 









         E.   Explain advantages.of the ideal Tou described in II.C above.











         F.   Explain disadvantages of the ideal you described in II.C above.

                                        OLd.
                                ::484 -                        2604






          G. Do you think that limiting vehicular access to the Forebay and Aquarium
         Drive would enhance the site's historic character?        8NI-4t)
               ... would detract from its use by,the public?      kL8"8
              Explain your thinking.                               2Q

                              C1


                                                                    6O4D0aAA-C, CL,



             ,66r,
                                             2O2
                                                              08V0o2-52 2Po
 












                                X. SUPPLEMENT: DOCUMENTATION
                                       FOR EXCAVATED FOREBAY






















                                A.     Structural Evaluation of Forebay and Bridge
                                B.     Outline Scope of Work
                                C.     Retaining Wall: Section A
                                D.     Specification for Excavation
                                E.     Specification for Seeding
                                F.     Excavation Grading Plan (unbound insert):
                                       site services by Ang Associates, Inc.
                                       and grading by Hexagon Lin-dted













             A. STRUCTURAL EVALUATION OF
                FOREBAY AND BRIDGE


             B. OUTLINE SCOPE OF WORK


             C. RETAINING WALL: SECTION A






                Ang Associates, Inc.
                Consulting Engineers
                Suite 200 0 444 North Third Street 0 Philadelphia, PA 19123
                (215) 923-7010 * Fax #: (215) 923-7080





           FAIRMOUNT WATER WORKS FOREBAY FEASIBILITY STUDY



           Structural Evaluation:


           Old Mill House Wall - The wall is of stone construction
           approximatel  y four (4) feet in thickness. It was reinforced
           from inside   of the Mill House with buttress walls to resist
           hydrostatic   pressure from a 100 year flood level in the
           f orebay area.  A portion of the wall facing the forebay area
           can be seen   ins ide the underground Forebay Room.   The wal I
           in general is in good condition.       When the entire wall is
           exposed af ter the f orebay area is    excavated, it should be
           inspected by an engineer for its structural integrity.      The
           wal I shoul d be cl eaned and the mortar joints repointed as
           required.

           Br idge - The existing bridge is a 3-arch stone bridge.   Par t
           of the arches next to the Mi 11 House are exposed inside the
           underground Forebay Room.       A concrete retaining wal I was
           constructed on the north side of the bridge when the forebay
           was filled in. The exposed portion of the bridge is in good
           c o n d i t i o n .When the entire bridge is exposed, it should be
           inspected by an engineer for its structural integrity.       It
           is expected that with some cleaning and repointing, the
           bridge may be able to support occasional           trucks for
           servicing.






                  Ang Associates, Inc.
                  Consulting Engineers
                  Suite 200 0 444 North Third Street 0 Philadelphia, PA 19123
                  (215) 923-7010 0 Fax #: (215) 923-7080



            FAIRMOUNT WATER WORKS FOREBAY FEASIBILITY STUDY

            Outline Scope of Work:

            (1)   Civil/Structural:

            A.  Removal:
                1.  Existing Aquarium Drive roadway
                2.  Retaining wall north of bridge
                3.  Underground Forebay Room
                4.  Misc. stone wall


            B.  New Work:
                1.  Driveway with unit pavers
                2.  Retaining walls
                3.  S t a i r s
                4.  Fill in existing opening to underground Forebay Room
                5.  Cleaning and repointing of existing stone wall and
                    bridge

            (2)   Drainage:

            A.  Removal:
                1.  6 or 7 storm inlets in the existing roadway
                2.  3 storm inlets in a swale east of the west forebay
                    wall
                3.  3 or 4 sewer manholes
                4.  Related pipings

            B.  New Work:
                1.  Catch basin and sewer connection
                2.  Drainage system for new driveway

            (3)   Water:

            A.  Removal:
                1.  At least 2 water main manholes
                2.  At least 2 water valve boxes
                3.  1 fire hydrant

            B.  New Work:
                1.  Relocate water main below finish grade
                2.  Relocate fire hydrant









          (4)   Electrical
                Incoming power service will be relocated by PECO, and
                the new transformer will be relocated by the new
                tenant of the building.

          A.  Removal:
              1.  Light poles
              2.  Transformer vault


          B.  New Work:
              1.  Lighting for new driveway
              2.  Site lighting













                            FIC.  CIOMt-4 C,
                                                                       QW-T FAVF-As
                                                                                          ED
                                                                       i5AAD'SF_TTiNG





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                             N@j -Amr
                             -To -CONCIWALL





                                                                              l,40.51 COURSE
                                                                       ACICIREGA-E w/ rL.TE9.
                               WEEP qoLC-5                             FA t3.%L I C_

















                           Ang Associates, Inc.            PROJECT   WIA' T ti P, %/Q 0 P_ k@ 'Fop E B AY
                           Consulting Engineers            JOB NO.                        SHEET NO.      OF-
                                                              X










































                           Suite 200 444 North Third Street CALCULATED BY                 DATE
                           Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19123
                           (215)923-7010                   CHECKED BY                    DATE
                           Fax #: (215) 923-7080           SCALE




I
I
I
I
I             D. SPECIFICATION FOR
                EXCAVATION
I
i                   -
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
'I
I
I
I
I






                   Ang Associates, Inc.
                   Consulting Engineers
                   Suite 200 0 444 North Third Street 0 Philadelphia, PA 19123
                   (215) 923-7010 Fax #: (215) 923:-7080



             SECTION 02200      EARTHWORK



             PART I - GENERAL


             1.01    RELATED DOCUMENTS

                     A. Drawings, standard contract requirements, special
                          provisions and Division-I Specification sections,
                          apply to work of this section.

             1.02    DESCRIPTION OF WORK


                     Ao   Extent of earthwork is indicated on Contract
                          Drawings.

                          I.   Preparation of subgrade for retaining walls,
                               stairs, walks, and pavements is included as
                               part of this work.

                          2.   Backf il ling of trenches for plumbing work
                               shall be the responsibility of the Plumbing
                               Contractor.

                     B.   Excavation for Plumbing Work:           Refer to Division
                          15 sect ion for excavation and plumbing backf ill
                          r e q u i r e di n  conjunction with underground
                          utilities and buried appurtenances; not work of
                          this section.


                     C.   De f i n i t i ons "Excavation" consists of removal of
                          material encountered to subgrade elevations
                          i nd i ca t ed an d s ub s eq uen t di sposal of mater ial s
                          removed.

                     D.   In addition to excavation to subgrade, Contractor
                          shall provide all excavation to verify existing
                          arch bridge and underground utility locations in
                          preparation for site work.             This work shall be
                          performed at no additional cost to the Owner.

             1.03    QUALITY ASSURANCE

                     A.   Codes and Standards:         Perform excavation work in
                          compliance with applicable requirements of
                          governing authorities having jurisdiction.

                                                                           EARTHWORK
                                                                             02200-1







                    B. Testing and Inspection Service:

                        1.   Employ, at Contractor's expense,           t es t i ng
                             laboratory to perform         soil testing and
                             i n s p e c t i o nservice for quality control
                             testing during earthwork operations.

            1.04    SUBMITTALS

                    A . Test Reports-Excavating:           Submit following
                        reports directly to Architect from the testing
                        services, with copy to Contractor:

                        1. Verification of each footing subgrade.

                        2. Field.density test reports.

                        3.   One optimum moisture-maximum density curve
                             for each type of soil encountered.

            1.05    JOB CONDITIONS


                    A.  Site Information:       Data on subsurface conditions
                        are not available.        Additional test borings and
                        other exploratory       operations may be made by
                        Contractor at no cost    to Owner.

                    B.  Existing Utilities:

                        I.    Locate existing underground utilities in
                             areas of work.     If utilities are to remain in
                             place, provide adequate means of support and
                             protection during earthwork operations.

                        2.   Should uncharted,      or  incorrectly charted,
                             piping or other utilities be encountered
                             during excavation, consult utility owner
                             immediately for directions.        Cooperate with
                             Owner and utility companies in keeping
                             respective services and facilities in
                             o p e r a t i o n .Repair damaged utilities to
                             satisfaction of utility owner.

                        3.   Do not   interrupt existing utilities serving
                             facilities occupied and used by Owner or
                             others, during occupied hours, except when
                             permitted in writing by Architect and then
                             only after acceptable temporary utility
                             services have been provided.

                             a.  Provide minimum of 48-hour notice to
                                 Architect/Engineer, and receive written
                                 notice to proceed before interrupting any
                                 ut i I i ty.

                                                                     EARTHWORK
                                                                       02200-2








                       4.  Demolish and completely remove from site
                           existing underground utilities indicated to
                           b e removed.     Coordinate with utility
                           companies for shut-off of services if lines
                           are active.

                  C.   Use of Explosives:     The use of explosives is not
                       permitted.

                  D.   Protection of Persons and Property:

                       1.  Barricade open excavations occurring as part
                           of this work and post with warning lights.

                           a.  Operate warning lights as recommended by
                               authorities having jurisdiction.

                       2.  Protect structures,     uti I ities, sidewalks,
                           pavements, and other facilities from damage
                           caused by settlement,      lateral movemen.t,
                           undermining, washout and other hazards
                           created by earthwork operations.

           PART 2 - PRODUCTS


           2.01   SOIL MATERIALS


                  A. Definitions:


                       I.  Satisfactory soil materials are defined as
                           those complying with ASTM D2487 soil
                           classification groups GW, GP, GM, SM, SW and
                           SP.

                       2.  Unsatisfactory soil materials are defined as
                           those complying with ASTM D2487 soil
                           classification groups GC, SC, ML, MH, CL, CH,
                           OL, OH and PT.

                       3.  Subbase Material:      Material for Subbase
                           Course shall conform to the requirements
                           of, and be   i n accordance with, Pennsylvania
                           Department   of Transportation Specifications,
                           Publication (Pub. 408), Section 350
                           "Subbase".

                       4.  Drainage Fi  I I   Material for drainage fill
                           s h a I I be No . 57 stone con f ormi ng to the
                           requirements of AASHTO M43 (ASTM D448).

                       5.  Backfill and Fill Materials:

                           a.  Sat i s f actory soi I mater ials f ree of clay,
                               rock or gravel larger than 2" in any

                                                                EARTHWORK
                                                                  02200-3








                                              d i m e n s i o n      d e b r i s , w a s t e        f r o z en
                                              ma t e r i a I s          v e g e t a b I e    a n d   o t h e r
                                              deleterious matter.


                 PART 3 - EXECUTION


                 3.01       EXCAVATION


                           A.     Excava      tion Classifications:                    The following
                                  c I a s s i ficat ions of excavation will be made when
                                  rock excavation is encountered in work:


                                  1.     Earth excavation includes excavation of
                                         pavements and other obstructions visible on
                                         gr ound surf ace; underground structures ,
                                         ut i I i t ies and other items indicated to be
                                         demolished and removed; together with earth
                                         and other mateirals encountered that are not
                                         c I a s s i f i ed     as     r o c k   or     unauthorized
                                         excavation.


                                  2.     Rock excavation in trenches and pits includes
                                         removal          and    disposal of materials and
                                         obstructions encountered which cannot be
                                         excavated with a 1.0 cu yd (heaped) capacity,
                                         421 wide bucket on track-mounted power
                                         excavator        equivalent to Caterpillar Model
                                         2 1 5 y rated at not            Ie s s t han 90 hp        f I ywhee 1
                                         power and        30 , 000-    lb drawbar pull.             Trenches
                                         in excess of 101-0" in width and                           pits in
                                         excess of        30 1-011 in either length                or width
                                         are classified as open             excavation.

                                  3.     Rock excavation in open excavations                        includes
                                         removal         a n d   disposal of materials and
                                         obstructions encountered which cannot be
                                         dislodged and excavated with modern
                                         track-mounted heavy-duty excavating equipment
                                         without drilling, blasting or ripping.                           Rock
                                         e x c a v a t i o n     equipment           is    def ined          as
                                         Caterpil lar Model No. 973 or No. 977K, or
                                         equivalent track-mounted loader, rated at not
                                         less than 170 hp flywheel power and
                                         d e v e I o p i n g   40 , 0 0 0 -   lb    break-out force
                                         (measured in accordance with SAE J732C).

                                  4.     Typical of materials                classified as rock are
                                         boulders 1/2 cu yd or more in volume, solid
                                         rock, rock in ledges, and rock-hard
                                         cementitious aggregte deposits.

                                  5.     Intermittent drilling,                   blasting or ripping
                                         performed to increase production and not


                                                                                                 EARTHWORK
                                                                                                    02200-4








                                        necessary to permit excavation of material
                                        encountered will be classified as earth
                                        excavation.

                                  6.    Do not perform rock excavation work until
                                        ma t e r i a I       t o   b e    excavated has                b e e n
                                        c r o s s - s e c t i o n e d       a n d   c I a s s i f i e d     by
                                        Archi tect/Engineer.               Such excavation will be
                                        paid on basis of contract conditions relative
                                        to changes in work.

                                  7.    Rock payment               I i ne s, are I imi ted to the
                                        following:

                                        a.    2 1 outs ide of concrete work for which
                                              forms are required, except footings.

                                        b.    P outside perimeter of footings.

                                        C.    I n   p i p e    t r e n c h e s ,   6 11  below i      n v e r t
                                              elevation of pipe and 21 wider than
                                              inside diameter of pipe, but not less
                                              than 31 minimum trench width.


                                        d.    Neat outside dimensions of concrete work
                                              where no forms are required.

                                        e.    Under slabs on grade, 6" below bottom of
                                              concrete slab.


                           B.     Unauthorized excavation consists of removal                               of
                                  materials beyond indicated subgrade elevations                            or
                                  d i m e n s i o n s w i t h o u t      specific direction                 of
                                  Arch i tect/Engineer.              Unauthorized excavation,               as
                                  well as remedial work directed by Architect,
                                  shall be-at Contractor's expense.

                                  1.    U n d e r   f o o t 1 n g s ,    foundation bases, or
                                        retaining walls, fill unauthorized excavation
                                        by extending indicated bottom elevation of
                                        f oot i ng or     base to excavation bottom, without
                                        altering required top elevation. Lean
                                        concrete f i I I may be used to br ing elevations
                                        to proper position, when acceptable to
                                        Engineer.

                                  2.    El sewher e , backf i I I and compact unauthorized
                                        excavations as specified for authorized
                                        excavations of same classification, unless
                                        otherwise directed by Engineer.






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                             C. Stability of Excavations:

                                     I     Slope sides of excavations to comply with
                                           I o c a I     c o d e s      a n d    o r d i n a n c e s     h a v i n g
                                           jurisdiction.              Shore and brace where sloping
                                           i s not     possible       because of space restrictions
                                           or stability of material excavated.

                                     2.    Ma i nta i   n s i des and slopes of excavations in
                                           s a f e     c o n d i t i o n     un t i I     completion              o f
                                           backfilling.

                             D.      Dewatering:

                                     1.    Prevent surface water and subsurface or
                                           ground water f rom f I owi ng into excavations
                                           a n d     f r om     f I ood i ng       p r o j e c t     s i t e   a n d
                                           surrounding area.

                                     2.    Do not allow water                       to accumulate in
                                           excavations.                 Remo v e wa ter to pr event
                                           softening of foundation bottoms, undercutting
                                           footings, and soil changes detrimental to
                                           stability of subgrades and foundations.
                                           Provide and maintain pumps, well points,
                                           sumps , suction and discharge I ines, and other
                                           dewater i ng sys tem components necessary to
                                           convey water away from excavations.

                                     3.    Establish and maintain temporary drainage
                                           d I t c h e .5   a n d    o t h e r    divers ions outside
                                           excavation limits to convey rain water and
                                           water removed from excavations to collecting
                                           or    r u n - o f f     a r e a s .     Do     n o t    use trench
                                           excavations as temporary drainage ditches.

                             E. Material Storage:

                                     1.    Stockpile satisfactory excavated materials
                                           where directed, until required for backfill
                                           or f i I I .      Place, grade and shape stockpiles
                                           for proper drainage.

                                     2.    Locate and retain soi I materials away from
                                           edge of excavations.

                                     3.    Di spose of excess so i I mater ial and waste
                                           materials as herein specified.

                              F.     Excavation for Structures:


                                     1.    Conform to elevations and dimensions shown
                                           wi thin a tolerance of plus or minus 0.101 ,
                                           and extending a sufficient distance from

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                                         footing and foundations to permit placing and
                                         removal of        concrete formwork, installation of
                                         s e r v i c e s     o t h e r    construction, and for'
                                         inspection.

                                   2.    In excavat        ing for footings and foundations,
                                         t a k e    c a r  e   n o t    t o   d i s t u r b   bottom         o f
                                         excavation.            Excavate by hand to final grade
                                         just before concrete reinforcement is placed.
                                         Trim bottoms to required lines and grades to
                                         leave solid base to receive other work.

                            G.     Excavation to Expose Existing Arch Bridge and
                                   For eb a y Wa I I:          Take care not to damage the
                                   existing bridge and Forebay wall.                           Excavate to
                                   within two (2) feet of the existing structures by
                                   mach i ne.       Remaining excavations, including those
                                   under the arches, to be done by hand.

                            H.     Excavation for Pavements:                       Cut surface under
                                   pavements           to comply with cross-sect ions, -
                                   elevations and grades as shown.

                            I.     Excavation for Trenches:

                                   1.    Dig trenches to the uniform width required
                                         for particular item to be installed,
                                         sufficiently wide to provide ample working
                                         room.       Provide 61' to 9" clearance on both
                                         sides of pipe or conduit.

                                   2.    Excavate trenches to depth indicated or
                                         required. Carry depth of trenches for piping
                                         to establish indicated flow lines and invert
                                         elevations.            Beyond building perimeter, keep
                                         bottoms of trenches sufficiently below finish
                                         grade to avoid freeze-ups.

                                   3.    For pipes or conduit 5" or less in nominal
                                         size and for flat-bottomed multiple-duct
                                         condui t        u n i t s ,    do    not excavate beyond
                                         indicated depths.                 Hand excavate bottom cut
                                         to accurate elevations and support pipe or
                                         conduit on undisturbed soil.

                                   4.    For pipes or conduit 6" or larger in nominal
                                         size, tanks and other mechanical /electrical
                                         work indicated to receive subbase, excavate
                                         to subbase depth indicated, or, if not
                                         otherwise indicated,                  to 6" below bottom of
                                         work to be supported.




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                                   5.     Except as otherwise indicated, excavate for
                                          exterior water-bearing piping (water, steam,
                                          condensate, drainage) so top of piping is not
                                          less than 31-6" below finished grade.

                                   6.     Grade bottoms of trenches as indicated,
                                          notching under pipe bells to provide solid
                                          bearing for entire body of pipe.

                                   7.     Backf i I I trenches with concrete where trench
                                          excavations pass within 18" of column or wal I
                                          footings and which are carried below bottom
                                          of such f oot ings , or which pass under wal I
                                          footings. Place concrete to level of bottom
                                          of adjacent footing.

                                          a. Concrete is specified in Division-3.

                                   8.     Do not       backf i I I     trenches until               tests and
                                          inspect      ions have been made and backf il I ing
                                          a u t h o r  i z e d   by    Engineer.              Use care in
                                          back f i I   I i ng to avoid damage or displacement
                                          of pipe systems.

                                   9.     For p ip i ng or conduit less than 21-6" below
                                          s u r f a c e    o f   roadways , provide                 4 " t h i ck
                                          c o n c r e   t e   b a s e    s I a b    s u p p o r t       Af t e r
                                          installation and testing of piping or
                                          conduit, provide minimum 4" thick                         encasement
                                          ( s i d e s   a n d    t o p )   o f    concrete prior to
                                          backfilling or placement of roadway                       subbase.

                                   10.    Cold Weather Protection:                    Protect       excavation
                                          bottoms against freezing when atmospheric
                                          temperature is less than 35 degrees F 0
                                          degrees C).

                  3.02       COMPACTION

                            A.     General:             Control          soil compaction during
                                   construction providing minimum percentage of
                                   dens ity specified for each area classification as
                                   indicated below.

                             B.    Percentage of Maximum Density Requirements:
                                   Compact soil to not less than the following
                                   percentages of maximum density as determined in
                                   accordance with ASTM D 1557.

                                   I.     S t r u c t u r e s ,    Building Slabs and Steps:
                                          Compact top 12" of subgrade and each layer of
                                          backfill or fill material at 98% maximum
                                          density.


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                                     2.    Pavements:            Compact top 611 of subgrade and
                                           each layer of backfill or fill material at
                                           98% maximum density.

                             C. Moisture Control:

                                     I.    Where subgrade or layer of soil material must
                                           be moisture conditioned before compaction,
                                           uniformly apply water to surface of subgrade,
                                           or    layer of soil material, to prevent free
                                           wa  t e r     appearing            on    surface during or
                                           subsequent to compaction operations.

                                     2.    Remove and replace, or scarify and air dry,
                                           soi I -mate'rial that is too wet to permit
                                           compaction to specified density.

                                     3.    Soil material t             hat has been removed because
                                           it is too wet to permit -compaction may be
                                           stockpiled or spread and allowed to dry.
                                           As s i s t     drying by discing, harrowing or
                                           Oul ver izing unti I moisture content is reduced
                                           to a satisfactory value.

                  3.03        BACKFILL AND FILL


                             A.      General: Place acceptable soil material in
                                     I a y e rs to required subgrade elevations, for each
                                     a r e a  classification listed below.                       All excavated
                                     mater    ial found to be unsuitable for backf ill
                                     sha I I be d i sposed of on airport property.                               Such
                                     m a t e rial shall also be graded as directed by the
                                     Owner    .    Al I rubbl e and debris shal I be legal ly
                                     disposed of off airport property.

                                           I n    e x c a v a t i o n      i n   g e n e r a I     a r e a s    u s e
                                           satisfactory excavated or borrow material.

                                     2.    Un de r wa I k s and pavements ,                      use subbase
                                           mater ial .

                                     3.    Under steps, use subbase material.

                                     4.    U n d e r    p i p i n g    a n d    conduit, use subbase
                                           material where subbase is indicated under
                                           piping or conduit; shape to fit bottom 90
                                           degrees of cylinder.

                              B.     Back f i I I excavat ions as prompt ly as work permi ts ,
                                     but not until completion of the following:

                                     I     Acceptance of construction below finish grade
                                           i nc I ud i ng , whe r e app I i cable, dampproof ing,
                                           waterproofing, and perimeter insulation.

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                                     2.     Inspection, testing, approval, and recording
                                            locations of underground utilities.

                                     3.     Removal. of concrete formwork.

                                     4.     Removal of shoring and bracing, and
                                            back f i      I I  ing of voids with satisfactory
                                            mate r i a Is      .   Cut off temporary sheet piling
                                            d r i ven     be I ow bottom of structures and remove
                                            i n man n e        r   to prevent settlement of the
                                            structures or utilities, or leave in place if
                                            required.

                                     5.     Removal of trash and debris.

                              C.     Ground Surface Preparation:                           Remove vegetation,
                                     d e b r i s , u n s a t i s f a c t o r y s o i I m a t e r i a I s ,
                                     obstructions, and deleterious materials from
                                     ground surface prior to placement of fills.
                                     Plow,       s t r i p , or break-up sloped surfaces steeper
                                     t han I       v e r  tical      to 4 horizontal                s o t hat f i I I
                                     material will borid with existing surface.

                                     When exist           i ng g r ound surf ace has a dens i ty less
                                     t h a n    t h a t    specified under "Compaction" for
                                     particular            area classification, break up ground
                                     s u r f ace, pulver ize, moi sture-condi t ion to opt imum
                                     moisture content, and compact to required depth
                                     and percentage of maximum density.

                              D.     Placement and Compaction:                            P I ace backf i I I and
                                     fill materials in layers not more than 8"in
                                     loose depth for material compacted by heavy
                                     compac t i on equ i pmen t , and no t more than 4" in
                                     I o o s e      d e p t h     f o r    ma t e r i a I      compacted              b y
                                     hand-operated tampers.

                                     Before compaction, moisten or aerate each layer
                                     as necessary to provide optimum moisture content.
                                     Compact each layer to required percentage of
                                     maximum dry density or relative dry density for
                                     each area classification.                        Do not place backfill
                                     or f ill material on surfaces that are muddy,
                                     frozen, or contain frost or ice.

                                     PI  ace backf ill and fill materials evenly adjacent
                                     to structures, piping or conduit to required
                                     e I  evations.            Take care to prevent wedging action
                                     of backf ill against structures or displacement of
                                     pi  ping or conduit by carrying material uniformly
                                     a r o u n d s t r u c t u r e , p i p i n g o r c o n d u i t t o
                                     approximately same elevation in each lift.




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                 3.04       GRADING

                            A.    General:        Uniformly grade areas within limits of
                                  grading under           th-i s section, including adjacent
                                  trans i tion areas.          Smooth finished surface within
                                  specified tolerance, compact with uniform levels
                                  or slopes between points where elevations are
                                  indicated, or between such points and existing
                                  grades.

                            B.    Grading Outside Building Lines:                          Grade areas
                                  adjacent to building lines to                       drain away from
                                  structures and to prevent ponding.

                                  1.    Lawn or Unpaved Areas:                    Fi nish areas to
                                        rece ive topsoil to within not more than 0.101
                                        above or below required subgrade elevations.

                                  2.    Walks:       Shape surface of areas under walks to
                                        line, grade and cross-section, with finish
                                        surface not more than 0.101 above or below
                                        required subgrade elevation.

                                  3.    Pavements:          Shape surface of areas under
                                        pavement to line, grade cross-section, with
                                        f inish surface not more than 1/2" above or
                                        below required subgrade elevation.

                            C.    Compaction:           After grading, compact subgrade
                                  surfaces to the depth and indicated percentage of
                                  maximum or            relative density for each area
                                  classification.


                 3.05       PAVEMENT SUBBASE COURSE

                            A.    General:         Subbase course consists of placing
                                  subbase material, in layers or specified
                                  thickness, over subgrade surface to support a
                                  pavement base course.

                                  1.    See other Division-2 sections for paving
                                        specifications.

                            B.    Grade Control:              During construction, maintain
                                  I i n e s    a n d    g r a d e s     i n c I u d i n g  c r o w n   a n d
                                  cross-section of subbase course.

                            C.      Placing: Place subbase course material on
                                  prepared subgrade in layers of uniform thickness,
                                  conforming            to    indicated cross-section and
                                  thickness.         Maintain optimum moisture content for
                                  compacting subbase material during placement
                                  operations.


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                    D.  When a compacted subbase course is shown to be 6"
                        thick or less, place material in a single layer.
                        W h e n shown to be more than 611 thick, place
                        material    in equal layers, except no single layer
                        more -than 611 or less than 3" in thickness when
                        compacted.

            3.06    FIELD QUALITY CONTROL

                    A.  Quality Control Testing During Construction:
                        A] low testing service to inspect and approve
                        subgrades and fill layers before further
                        construction work is performed.

                        1.   Perform field density tests         in accordance
                             w i t h ASTM D 1556 (sand cone method) or ASTM D
                             2167 (rubber balloon method), as applicable,
                             or by nuclear method.

                    B.  Paving Areas:       Make at least one field density
                        test of subgrade for every 2000 sq, ft. of paved
                        area or building slab, but in no case less than 3
                        t e s t s .In each compacted fill layer, make one
                        field density test       for every 2000 sq. ft. of
                        overlaying building slab or paved area, but in no
                        case less than 3 tests.


                    C.  Foundation Wall Backfill:       Take at least 2 field
                        density    t e s t s , a tlocations and elevations as
                        directed.

                    D.  If in opinion of Engineer, based on testing
                        service reports and inspection, subgrade or fills
                        which have been placed are below specified
                        density, provide additional compaction and
                        testing at no additional expense.

            3.07    MAINTENANCE

                    A.  Protection of Graded Areas:       Protect newly graded
                        areas from traffic and erosion.           Keep free of
                        trash and debris.

                        Repair and re-establish grades in settled,
                        eroded, and rutted areas to specified tolerances.

                    B.  Reconditioning Compacted Areas:        Where completed
                        areas are disturbed by subsequent construction
                        operations or adverse weather, scarify surface,
                        re-shape and compact to required density prior to
                        further construction.





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I             E. SPECIFICATION FOR
I                SEEDING
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                                        HEXAGON


                      FAIRMOUNT WATER  WORKS FOREBAY RESTORATION



                                  SEED SPECIFICATION



        1. GRASS SEED MIXTURE

            a.    Grass seed shall be fresh, recleaned seed of the latest
                  crop, conforming to the current purity and germination
                  standards of the Atlantic Seedman's Association, and mixed
                  in the following proportions by weight:

                  (1) 60% Nassau Kentucky Bluegrass

                  (2) 20% Jamestown Chewings Fescue

                  (3) 20% Palmer Perennial Rye

                  The rate of seeding shall be 4 lbs11000 s.f. The seeding
                  times shall be April 1-May 31 and August 16-October 15.



        2. SOD MIXTURE

            a.    Sod shall be cultivated sod, predominately 50% Nassau
                  Kentucky Bluegrass and 50% of the three following Kentucky
                  Bluegrasses: Ram I, Georgetown, Barron, Princeton (104),
                  or 1757; min. 2 years old, and reasonably free of weeds
                  and undesirable grasses. Sod shall be cut in strips,
                  minimum 12 in. wide, and 3/4 in. thick.


        3. WILDFLOWER SEED MIXTURE

            a.    Wildflower seed mixture shall be the low-growing mixture
                  (less than 16 inches high) with a minimum purity of 95%
                  and minimum germination ranges from 40%-75%. The mixture
                  shall consist of the following:

                  Scientific Name               Common Name

                  Campanula carpatica           Tussock Bellflower
                  Centaurea cyanus (dwarf)      Dwarf Cornflower
                  Cerastium. biebersteinii      Snow-in-Summer
                  Cheiranthus allionii          Siberian Wallflower
                  Clarkia amoena                Dwarf Godetia
                  Coreopsis lanceolata  (dwarf) Dwarf Lance-Leaved Coreopsis
                  Coreopsis tinctoria (dwarf)   Dwarf Plains Coreopsis




                                    HEXAGON LIMITED
                      45 South York Road, Hatboro, Pennsylvania 19040 215-956-9771 FAX 956-9775









       Fairmount Water Works Forebay
       Seed Mixtures
       Page 2


                 Scientific Name              Common Name


                 Dianthus deltoides           Maiden Pinks
                 Dimorphotheca surantiaca     African Daisy
                 Eschscholzia californica     California Poppy
                 Gypsophila elegans           Baby's Breath
                 Iberis umbellata             Candytuft
                 Linaria maroccana            Spurred Snapdragon
                 Lobularia maritima           Sweet Alyssum
                 Myosotis sylvatica           Forget-Me-Not
                 Oenothera missouriensis      Dwarf Evening Primrose
                 Papaver nudicaule            Iceland Poppy
                 Phacelia campanularia        California Bluebell
                 Silene armeria (dwarf)       Dwarf Catchfly
                 Thymus serpyllum             Creeping Thyme
                 Viola cornuta                Johnny Jump-Up

                 Seeding shall be at a rate of 4 lbs./ acre or 5 oz./ 1000
                 s.f. Planting shall be done in the early spring. If done
                 in the late summer, planting shall be scheduled at least
                 eight to nine weeks before first expected frost. Dormant
                 seeding may be practiced in late winter. Do not seed in
                 the late fall. At the time of seeding, the seed mix will
                 be customized to include as many blue flowering plants as
                 possible.





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