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ELECTRICAL AND GAS @ACILITIES c IN MIDDLESEX COUNTY 1=1aZone, tion Center JUN,. 91978 oil 0#4 HD 2767 N55 M5, 1978 Middlesex County Planning Board February 1978 ERRATA SHEET p. 3 New Jersey Po wer & Light Company merged with Jersey Central Power & Light Company. p. 5 Figure 1 should show the Sussex Rural Electric Cooperative in the northeast.corner of the State in the Rockland Electric Company area. P. 19 Jersey Central Power & Light's average consumption in Middlesex County should read "will increase over 73 percent from 92.59 Megawatts per year - in 1976 to 160.63 Megawatts per year in 1995. p. 21 Source: Issues in the Future Supply of Electricity to the Northeast, P.M. Meier, et. al., June 1976. p. 33 The amount of non-metbane-type gas entering or produced in New Jersey should total over 17 billion cubic feet (Bcf). Information to produce this report was.obtained and compiled from the @following sources: BIBLIOGRAPHY issues in the Future Supply of Electricity to the Northeast, Meier, P.M., T.H. McCoy, and S,.Rahman. June. 1976 (Published as-BN,L-50553). Personal communications with Samuel W. Laird, Manager - Communications Services, Jersey Central Power and Light Company. Personal communications with Brian Smith, Senior Public Information Representative, Public Service Electric & Gas Company.' A Framework for Environmental Impact Evaluation for Electric Power Systems in a River Basin, The Center for the Enviyonment & Man, Inc., December, T975. New Jersey Natural Gas Shortage: A Policy Analysis, J.L. Cecil and D. Morrell, December 1976. -Personal communications, Tom Withka, Public Relations Representative, Elizabethtown Gas Company. R V MITAL ZOW TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION ELECTRIC POWER UTILITIES 1 Power Pools 1 PJM interconnection 2 Fuel Sources 2 New Jersey Utilities 3 Utilities Middlesex County 4 Public Service Electric & Gas Co. 7 Jersey Central Power & Light Co. 7 Energy Demand Requirements 9. Electric Generating Capacity Requirements in the PSE&G and JCP&L Distribution Areas 10 Electric Generating Capacity 11 %J Forecasting Energy Needs 14 Projected Demand 14 Jersey Central Power & Light Co. 14 Public Service Electric & Gas Co. 14 Projected Distribution 15 Middlesex County --Population Projections 17 ..Energy Requ,irements - Middlesex County 19 Planned Facilities.and Additions 20 Planned Facilities Middlesex Co unty 22 NUCLEAR POWER 23 sZ.SUPPLY OF NATURAL GAS TO NEW JERSEY 26 0 Principal Interstate Pipelines 26 -IS . Major Gas Distributor Franchise Areas 26 New Jersey Gas 30 Alternate Forms of Natural Gas 30 SupplementaI Supplies 30 The Situation in New Jersey 33 Gas,.Companies Operating in Middlesex County 36 :Public Service Electric &.Gas Company 36 -Elizabethtown Gas Company 39 Major-Industrial Consumers 43 propeCty of CSC LibrarY U S DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NOAA COASTAL SERVICES CENTER -44 2234 SOUTH HOBSON AVENUE r+- CHARLESTON , SC 29405-2413 INTRODUCTION The purpo'se, of this'addendum is to present in an easily comprehensible, tabular and graphic fashion the current patterns of gas supply and electrical production in New Jersey And the manner in which future demand for energy in the region as a whole may raise the potential for additional electrical and gas facilities to locate in Middlesex County. .,-Important factors affecting the decision to build additional generating capacity or*to increase the supply of natural gas to the region include pro- ductfon capacities of existing energy facilities in the region, planned power ..facilities and utility projections of future energy demands. t ELECTRIC POWER UTILITIES In terms of electrical production and transmission, the region examined in this report begins with a broad perspective, to include the northeast United States, narrows to the State of New Jersey, and finally comestb f6- cus on the systems delivering electrical energy in Middlesex County. This approach must be taken due to the fact that electric as.well as gas produc- tion faciliiies located.in Middlesex County do not exclusively serve custo- mers in this County. Energy generated by these facilities enters a power pool system, with Middlesex County's customers drawing upon that system. Depending upon demand, a customer,in Middlesex,County may in fact be using power generated at a station located, for.example, in Bergen County. Power Pools Current,utility arrangements for-the northeast US region, provide ser-. vice.to Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Maryland, Delaware, and the District of Columbia. The utilities in this power supply area are pooled as part of either the Pennsylvania-New Jersey-Maryland Interconnection Power Pool (PJM), the Allegheny Power System (APS), or the Central Area Power Coordination Groups (CAPCO). Together, these utilities, with the exception of areas in western Pennsylvani.a and western Maryland, form the Mid-Atlantic Area Reliability Council, a coordinated, supply-realibility area designated by the Federal Power Commission. In 1967, members of the PJM Interconnection formed a service- reliability compact known as the Mid-Atlantic Area Coordination Agreement (MAAC) which requires all new additions or changes in major existing facili- ties to be reviewed by the Executive Board of MAAC which determines the plan",411. consistency with established environmental standards of' service reliability. In 1968, MAAC,@now acting as a regional coordination area, joined the National Electric Reliability Council (NERC), which comprises virtually all the.electric power systems-in the United States and Canada. The electric utility industry formed the NERC on a voluntary basis in order to assure greater reliability and adequacy of power supply in North America. PJM Interconnection Of primary concern to the State of New Jersey is the PJM power-pool whose operations have the most direct-impact on the utilities in Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Maryland (Figure 1)., Members of PJM pool their bulk power supply as if the,' were,a single system and, in so doing, create reserve power in the amount over .and-above that which would be economically feasible for any one utility to ,.generate. It should be:noted, however, that the reserve capacity in.the PJM Anterconnection is used s7trictly for extraordinary periods of peak or high demand and for this reason each company must maintain operations at a level sufficient to meet the daily demands of its own customers, including a reserve capacity of at least 20% to cover periods of peak demand or equipment failure. Fuel Sources -Th6production of electricity in the PJM power pool is, at the present F, timej largely dependent-upon fossil fuel for electrical generation. Member PJM utilities rely on coal forapproxmately 36 percent of their electrical generative capacity generation,'while oil-ste=account for 28 percent of their system capacity. A relatively large,.Portion of PJM's installed capacity (19.6%) is derived from combustion turbines and diesel engines. In addition, nuclear power represents slightly more than 10% of the total bulk power supplied 2 5 2 LEGEND FIGURE I 1, PENNSYLVANIA ELECTRIC CO. 2. METROPOLITAN EDISON CO. 3. JERSEY CENTRAL POWER & LIGHT CO. It. PENNSYLVANIA POWER & LIGHT CO. '5. LUZERNE ELECTRIC DIV.-UGI CORPORATION 6. PHILADELPHIA ELECTRIC CO. 7. PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC AND GAS CO. 8. ATLANTIC CITY ELECTRIC CO. 9. BALTIMORE GAS AND ELECTRIC CO. 10. POTOMAC ELECTRIC POWER CO, 11. DELMARVA POWER 9 LIGHT CO. through the Interconnection. The remaining energy sources are from pumped storage-hydropower (3.1%) conventional hydropower (2.3%) and from outside purchases (0.1%).. New Jersey Utilities At the present time, five private or investor-owned utility companies are in operation to service the population of New Jersey with electrical power (See Figure These include: 1. Atlantic City Electrical Co.- 2. Jersey Central Power and Light Co. ..3. Public Service Electric and Gas Co. 4. Orange & Rockland Utilities Inc. 5. Sussex Rural Electric Cooperative In* addition several local or municipal systems exist which distribute pur- chased electrical power in'the following franchise areas: 1. Park Ridge -2. Sussex Rural Electric Cooperative Association 3. Madison Electric Co. 4. Butler Municipal Power & Light Department 5. Milltown Boro Municipal Electric Dep-artment 6-. South River Boro El-ectric Co. 7'. Lavalette,.Municipal Electric ..8. Seaside Heights Boro Electric Department 9. Pemberton Electric Light Department 10. City of Vineland Electric Co. 3 These electric utilities collectively own and operate 22 major power plants in New Jersey (See Figure.3) which range in capacity from 3,680 kilawatts (kw) to. .660,000 kw. The majority of these generating stations are situated in the northeast corner of the state, and are for the most part-thermoelectric facilities. However, three hydroelectric plants are in operation in the northwest area of the state: two in Warren County and one in Morris County. The likelihood of additional hydroelectric facilities entering this system is-improbable as appropriate sites for generation purposes are virtually exhausted in New Jersey'. As adequate sites for pump-storage facilities are similarly limited,:utilities: in New Jersey will continue reliance on additional combustion turbine units. Given the difficulties projected to octur in se- curing-adequate and economic supplies of oil, one realistic fuel replacement for-combustion turbines would: be gas produced from coal. Utilities Middlesex County Two major utilities provide electrical power to the 25 municipalities comprising Middlesex County: Public Service Electric & Gas Company and the Jersey Central Power and Light Company. In 1977, Public Service Electric& Gas (PSE&G) produced 27,992,728 Megawatt hours (Mwhrs) of electrical power for. nearly 5 million people in its distribution area covering 267 municipali- ties on 2,5501square miles or 37 percent of the State. The Jersey Central 236 municipalities, representing 43% Power & Light Company (JCP,&L) services- of the state or 3256 square miles of service area. In 1976, JCP&L.produced 11,488,000 Megawatt hours of electricity and served a distribution area with a population estimated at 1,764,000 people. 4 FIGURE-2 ROCKLANO ELECTRIC CO. rlo 4F 1c, ATLANTIC CITY ELECTRIC CO. ELECTRIC UTILITIES MAJOR POWER PLANTS IN NEW JERSEY 40 Bame Capacity (kw) 1- Martin's Creek 125,000 2. Yards Creek Pimped 330,000 Storage Project 3. Portland 413.000 60 4. Longwood Valley Pi-ped 112,500 Storage Project 0 5. whippapy 19,200 80 6. Bergen 600,000 90 T. Kearney .610,000 8., S.U.X. Hydro 3,680 124 11 .9. Essex 368,5oo 10 VArion 125,000 16 11: Hudson 400,000 12 Linden 520,000 13 13: Sevaren 830,000 14 .E. H. Wercer loB,4oo 14 15. Sayreville on the 354,ooo Raritan, River 16. Gilbert 125,000 IT Mercer 66o.ooo is: Burlington 495,000 19. Greenwich .12,500 20. Deepwater 326,000 21. Missouri Ave. 6o.500 22. B. L. England 283,000 23 Salon 1 1.100,000 24:@ Sales 2 1,100,000 (1qT9) 25. Oyster Creek 65c,ooo 26. Forked River 1.iho,ooo (1983) 17 2T. Atlantic I & 2 1,150,000 each (1988 4 1990) 0 Therzoelmtric Nuclear 0 Operating Proposed 2 9 25 *20 4 27 21 220 FIGURE 3 Public Service Electric & Gas Company PSUG operates one electrical generating station and two gas turbine facilities in Middlesex County. Thw Sewaren Generating station on the Arthur Kill has a 772 Megawatt capacity and is used for both baseload power require- ments and peak demand periods. The existi ng Sewaren site also includes a gas-turbine facility which is capable of producing as much as. 62 Megawatts of supplemental power to be utilized during periods of high demand. The other source of supplemental power.is its Edison gas turbine facility whose power .,production capacity is' 446 Megawatts. Like the gas turbine facility located in Sewaren,.the Edison facility is used strictly for peak shaving purposes. Public Service reports- a reserve generating capacity of app*roximately @20% at all'times and forecasts their peak load and planned installed capacity loads to be as follows: PLANNED FACILITY EXPANSIONS TABLE 1 Peak Installed % Year Load Capacity Reserve 1977 7,100 9,245 30 1,978 7,380 9,265 26 7,670 9,740 27 1980 7,970 9,740 22 _1981 8,290 99928 20 1992 8,630 10,328 20 8,990 10,728 19 .1984 9,370 .11,242 20 1985 9,750 11,762 21 1986 10,130 12,037 19 1987 10,530 12,557 19 Source: PSE&G, 1976 Annual Report Jersey Central Power & Light Company JCP&L owns and operates five generating s'tations in New Jersey. They include 7 the folldwing: Oyster Creek Station (Ocean County), Gilbert Station (Huhterdon County), Yards-Creek Station (Warren County) and the Sayreville and Werner generating- stations in Middlesex County. JCP & L operates two electrical generating stations in Middlesex'County: The Sayreville generating station located in Sayreville, NJ, is capable of pro- ducing 339,000 kilowatts daily. The Werner electric generating station located in South Amboy has a daily production capacity of 60,000 kilowatts. Both plants are.fossil--fueled. In 1969 and by 1970 JCP & L converted from coal to oil to meet sulfur emission standards promulgated.by the New Jersey State legis- lature. More.recently, as part of the Federal Government's (Department of Energy) Coal Conversion Program,,-the Sayreville plant was considered for conversion back to-coal bijt received exemption from the federal program becasue of econo- mic infeasibility. Jersey Central Power and Light Co., does not operate any gas facilities in Middlesex County. Therefore, the municipalities of South Amboy, Sayreville, Old Bridge, Jamesburg, Monroe,. Helmetta, Spotswood, and portions of Cranbury, East Brunswick and South Brunswick secure their gas supplies from PSE & G. 8 JERSEY CENTRAL POWER & LIGHT COMPANY EXISTING GENERATING CAPACITIES TABLE 2 Generating Station. Generating Capability oyster Creek-Station 650,000 Three Mile Island Station, Pa. 205,000 (25% , interest) Gilbert Station 119,000 Sayreville Station 339,000 Werner Station 60,000 Keystone Station Pa. 283,000 (16.67% interest) 165,000 Yards@ Creek Station Diesel & Combustion Turbines -1,234,000. Total Capacity 3,055,000 Having noted the.County's reliance on PSE & G and JCP & L for electrical energy, it is important to evaluate whether existing and planned facilities capacity will be able to meet projected energy demands in their respective service areas.. Energy Demand Requirements Utility companies,forcast energy. needs on the basis of three types of :.consumer demand.requirements: baseload, intermediate.and peak demands. Baseload.demand is the amount of electrical power required to service consumers on a day-to-day basis and is by far the largest energy requirement supplied by the utilities. Generating stations, at the very least, must be 9 PEAK INTERMEDIATE BASELOAD ...capable of producing this volume of electrical energy. Intermediate require- ments-force a slight rise in electrical production, primarily in response to season.al weather-conditions,.during which time generating stations' production moves closer towards their upper capacity limits. Additional generation is ..:secure@ by operationalizing turbine engines. Peak demand requirements, which --are.notably highest in the summer when'air condition units tax electrical generation systems, are met@specifically by combustion turbines whose engines are expens i ve to operate and are not normal ly brought on 1 i ne unti 1 energy de- mands are exceptionally high. Electric Generating Capacity Reouirements in thp PSF A r, and JCP L Distribution Areas- Thilssection outlines the methodology for predicting required electric @generating capacity on.the basis of population ser ed by the respective electric --u.tilities.' More detailed projections based upon employment in manufacturing and commerce is beyond the scope of the present work timetable. Generating facilities are given for the following conditions: . Present - Planned - Future (based upon conditions discussed below). 10 Facilities are categorized as: Baseload (nuclear; fossil steam) Intermediate (fossil steam) Peaking (fossil steam; internal combustion; conventional hydro) @Electrical Generating Capacity ..,According to the Federal Power Commission's Electrical Power Systems re- port (1975) prepared by the center for the Environment.and Manl (CEM), the allocation of electrical generation in a region is suggested to have the following capacity .requirements: Category .Percent of Total Capacity Baseload 55% Intermediate. 20% Peaking 25% In addition,. the relationship between the foremost distinguishing features of an electrical generating tyst@m are defined in the report to be as follows: Installed Capacity: This is@the total capacity represented by name- Tlate ratings on all generating units. For a large system, there is virtually never a time when all this capactity is avialable for use. Capacity available at time of annual required peak capacity: The annual peak requirements generally occur in the summer (during a hot spell) or in the winter (during a cold snap), depending on local climate. Utilities have good historical data on the growth in.@the-amplituide of the peak generating requirements and approxi- mately when it may be expected to occur. Therefore, they plan scheduled maintenance of units so that an adequate safety margin of capacity is available. Peak capacity required: Explained above. Average capacity re quired: This is a hypothetical value. It is derived simply by dividing total energy consumed in a period by the time base of the period.. It is the capacity that would be needed if system reliabi-lity was perfect and demand uniform throughout the time period. A Framework for Environmental Impact Evaluati-on for Electric Power Systems in a: River Basin, Federal Power Commission, December, 1975. Based upon these approximate relationships, the followingcalculations of electrical generating capacity required for peak, average, and baseload demand, along with the required capacity distributions were derived for the PSE & G and JCP & L distribution region in New Jersey. It should be stressed that the allocations,suggested by.the CEM report may not.apply in all regions but.is considered sufficient for illustrative purposes presented in the following examples. TABLE 3 PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC & GAS COMPANY 1. Average electricallenergy consumption (1976): Total energy consumed 27,992,728 Megawatt-hour/year Population served 4,940,855 Average electrical 27,992,728 5.666 Megawatt -hours/year energy consumption 4,940,855* Capita 2. Average power required (1976): 27,992,728 Mwhrs/yr 3195.5 Megawatts/yr .8,7.60- hr/yr 3. Required electrical generating capacity (1976): Total Averaqe Capacity 3195.5 7 101 Megawatts/year Capacity @0. .452 0.45 4... Distribution of required electrical generating capacity (1976.): Baseload: (7,101 Mw/yr x (0.55) 3905.55 Mw/yr Intermediate: (7,101 Mw/yr x (0.20) 1420.2 Mw/yr Peaking: (7,101 Mw/yr x (0.25) 1775.25 Mw/yr 2 Average Electrical Energy Consumption 12 TABLE 4 JERSEY CENTRAL POWER & LIGHT COMPANY 1. Average electrical energy consumption (1976): . Total-energy consumed = 11,488,464 Megawatt-hours * Population served = 1,764,000 Average Electrical 6.513 Mwhrs/Capita energy consumption 2. Average power required (1976): 11,.488,464..Mwhrs 1311.5 Megawatts/yr 6,/bU hr/yr 3. -Required electrical generating capacity (1976): Total Average Capacity 1311.5 2914.4 Megawatts/yr Capac.ity 0. 452 4. Distribution of required electrical generating capacity: ."'Baseload: (2914.4 Mw/yr.) x (0.55) 1602.92 Mw/yr. Intermediate: (2914.4 Mw/yr x (0.20) 582.88 Mw/yr Peaking: (2914.4 Mw/yr ) x (0.25 728.6 Mw/yr cAverage electrical energy consumption. TABLE 5 AVERAGE, ELECTRICAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION RATES BY DISTRIBUTION AREA (1976) Jersey (11,488,464) (1,764,000)- (8,760)= .0007434 x 1000 kw Central Power Mwhrs/yr (.1976 pop) (hr/yr) mw/person/ ..7434 kw/ Light'Co. year person/yr 11' Public Service (27,992,728) (4,940,855) (8,760)= .0006468 x 1000 kw Electric & Gas (Mwhrs/yr 1976 pop) (hr/yr) Mw/person/ .6468 kw/ Company year person/yr 13 Forecasting-Energy Needs To determine future energy demand in their respective distribution areas. Jersey Central Power & Light Company and Public Service Electric & Gas use population projections from the New Jersey Department of Labor and Industry ..to@estimate residential growth,in their service regions. These figures are then analyzed according to family size, dwelling types, applicance usage and efficiency, and the state of economy. Following this procedure commercial requirements are assessed, which have historically been a function of residential demand. Industrial forecasts are then defined in relation to residential and comercial sales and with respect to employment levels in the distribution area.. Projected Demand Aersey Central Power & Light Using this@format,- JCP & L expects the population in its service area to increase 41% from-1.7 million in 1976 to 2.4 million by 1995. JCP & L repre- --sentatives note that because the population.density in their service region is substantially less saturated than other distribution areas in the State, they expect a perennial growth in the number of'customers they serve. They emphasize, however, that the validity of their projections is directly related to the va- lidity of State population proJections., '-Public Service Electric & Gas' The population projections made by PSE & G are slightly higher than the population projections published by the New Jersey Department of Labor and Industry, which persents data in four types of series that indicate different rates of growth as illustrated below in.Table 6. letL 14 TABLE 6 NEW JERSEY POPULATIONS PROJECTIONS, 1980-2020 Series I Series II 'Series III Series IV 1980 7,487,725 7,958,555 8,095,020 1985 7,693,360 8,298,210 8,596,500 1990 7,859,765 8,283,890 8,658,190 9,@068,010 1995 7,028,845 8,535,710 8,997,850 9,594,460 000 7,198,585 8.,787,530 9,357,370 10,101,QOO Population projections used by PSE & G, which reflect a 2.6% growth rate compoun ded annually from 1976 through 1991, predict that PSE & G's service re- gion will havea population of 7,261,268 by 1991. In comparison to the State projections, the population growth rate projected by PSE & G to:take place in their distribution region will:range from 75 to 92 percent of the State's entire. population by 1991. .:.:Considering the,heavily populated and densely developed corridor of the. State which PSE.&-G 'serves, a 2.6 percent linear population projection for the next fifteen years in PSE & G's distribution area seems inappropriate, es- 'pecially since many municipalities in PSE & G's service region are now approach- ing, and certainly by 1991 will be reaching, their population ceiling and no longer will be experiencing perrenial growth. Projected Distributfon these utility projections of customer demand and electrical capa- city requirements, the following tabulations of future generating capacity dis- tributions can be made. 15 TABLE 7 PROJECTED ELECTRICAL GENERATING.CAPACITY DISTRIBUTION' JERSEY CENTRAL POWER AND LIGHT COMPANY 1. Average electrical energy consumption.(projected 1995): Total energy avialable = 28,262,000 Mwhrs/yr Projected population = 2,400,000 Average electrical .0013442 Mw/capita/yr energy consumption 2. Average power required (1995): 28,262,000 Mwhrs/yr 3226.2557 Mw/yr 8,76Uhr/yr 3_ Required electrical.generating-capacity (1995): Total Average Capacity =7169.45 Mw/yr Capacity 0.45 @4. Projected distribution of required electrical generating capacity (1995): Baseload: '(716*9.4571 Mw/yr) (0.55) 3943.20 Mw/yr, Intermediate: (7169.4571 Mw/yr) (0.20) 1433.89 Mw/yr Peaking: (7169.4571 Mw/yr) (0.25) 1792.36 Mw/yr TABLE 8 PROJECTED ELECTRICAL GENERATIWCAPACITY DISTRIBUTION PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC AND GAS COMPANY T.- -:,Average. el ectH ca Ienergy consumption (projected 1991):. lable 93,732,000 Mwhrs/year Total energy avia Projects. population 7,261,268 Average electrical .0014735 Mw/capita./year energy consumption 2. Average power required (1991):- 93,732,000 Mwhrs/yr 10,700 Mw/yr 8,760 Hrs./yr 16 3. Required electrical generating capacity (1991): Total Average Capacity 23,778 Mw/yr Capaci.ty 0.45 4:. Projected distribution of required electrical generating capacity (1991 Baseload: (23,778 Mw/yr) (0.5) 13,078 Mw/yr Intermediate: (23,778 Mw/yr) (0.20) 4,756 Mw/yr Peaking: (23,778 Mw/yr) (0.25) -5,944 Mw/yr Middlesex County Population Projections Population [email protected] county area serviced were not available from utility representatives since uttlity distribution areas did not necessarily coincide with county, and somtimes municipal, boundaries. In reviewing the official State pro- jections by the New Jersey Department of Labor and Industry, the population pro- Aections compfled by the County Planning,Board most closely resemble the long- term trends .(Series III) projections published by the State. In light of this, population forecasts for the County were obtained from the Middlesex County Plan- ning Board Population Projections for 1975-2000 and are provided for the 25 muni- ciplaities comprising Middlesex County. The data are used as a basis for electri- .cal generating capacity in the County. These figures are illustrated in Table 9 and are@presented in five-year intervals from 1975 to 2000. IL 17 TABLE 9 POPULATION FORECASTS YEAR 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 MCD Carteret 21,893 22,223 22,793 23,249 23,319 23,017 Cranbury 2,321 2,569 2,810 3941.7 4,024 4,632 Dunellen 7,294 7,423 7 '590 7,742 7,820 7,817 East Brunswick 41,500 45,641 49,788 52,960 56,142 59,324 Edison 70,364 81,782 84,576 86,815 89,126 91,293 Helmetta 975 978 988 1,009 1,027 1,031 Highland Park 14,986 .15,424 15,838 16.143 16,340 16,463 Jamesburg 4,955 5,075 5,212 5,341 5,441 5,470 Metuchen 16,260 17,029 17,803 17,797 17,797 17,797 Middlesex 15,560 16,261 16,960 16,959 16,959 16,958 Milltown 6,825 8,224 8,656 8,655 8,655 8,655 Monroe - 12,111 13,862 15,612 16,412 17,212 18,015 New Brunswick 42,781 43,621 44,466 45,141 .45,816 46,487 North Brunswick 21,581 24,491 28,171 28,782 29,395 30,009 Old Bridge 51;700 57,687 68,916 75,684 82,441 89,133 Perth Amboy 39,670 40,781 41,891 42,443 42,998 43,553 Piscataway 39,563 42,572 45,527 48,624 51,546 53,980 co Plainsboro 4,425 7,031 1.2,566 14,038 15,521 17,026 Sayreville 33,839 37,549 41,535 45,594 49,264 52,495 South Amboy 9.734 9,753 9,723 . 9,727 9,737 9,751 South Brunswick 51,300 @20,049 30,149 34,434 38,719 43,004 South Plainfield 21,943 24,914 27,369 27,586 27,804 28,022 South River 15,814 16,179 16,545 17,204 17,864 '18,522 Spotswood 81460, 9,277 10,092 10,091 10,091 10,091 Woodbridge 101,690 101,818 101,945 102,936 103,929 104,920 TOTAL - MC 621,364 672,213 727,501 758,783 788,987 817,465 .Source: Middlesex County Planning Board Energy Requirements Middlesex County Projected requirements for Middlesex County as outlined in Table 8 were derived by multiplying consumptive rates projected in Tables 7 and 8 by the appropri.ate growth rates in Table 9. It should be noted however, that the actual,rate.of electrical energy consumption increases at a rate proportional to population and employment growth as well as the growth per consuming sector, i.e., residential, industrial, and commercial. TABLE 10 -AVERAGE ELECTRICAL POWER REQUIRED IN MIDDLESEX COUNTY (Megawatts/year) Distribution 1975 1980 1985' 1990 1995' 2000 JCP & L. 92.% 119.99 138.02. 149.48 160.63 155.36 PSE, G 321..36 330.41 350-48 360.74 370.58 393.59 FOTAL 413.95 450.4 488.5 510.22 531.21 548.95 Applying the growth rate projected by JCP & L for their service area to the population projections applicable to municipalities currently served by JCP & L, average energy consumption in Middlesex County will increase over 200 percent from 92.59 Megawatts per year in 1976 to 160.C.3,Megawatts per,year in 1995. Public Service Electric & Gas is projected on the average to require a smaller percentage increase in electrical power in Middlesex County than that expected to be required in JCP&L's distribution area. While JCP&L's require- ments are projected to increase nearly 73 percent@by 1995, PSE&G will experience a 15% increase in electrical requirements to meet demand in Middlesex County. 19 P'lanned Fac-ilities and Additions Table'll il.lustrates@the p.lanned facilities in the Pennsylvania New Jersey - MarylandPower Pool. These computations clearly indicate that nuclear factlities.represent the greatest increase in electrical generation in the power pool immediately involving New Jersey. Planned nuclear power facilities are expected to provide more than 6.5 times the amount of power coal-generated units will provide by 1985. At the same-time, nuclear facilities will generate slightly more than 4.5 times the electrical output of oil-generated facilities. Combustion turbines are expected to furnish the lowest amount of new power supply by 1985, representiq less than 5% of thezdditional electrical generation emanating from new nuclear fa- ci'lities. NI 20 TABLE I I PENNSYLVANIA-NEW JERSEY-MARYLAND INTERCONNECTION _PROJECTED@ INCREASES IN GENERATING CAPACITY Combustion Annual Nuclear Additional Coal Additional Oil Additional Turbines Additional Year (GW)E1 of Units (GW)E of Units (GW)EI Capacity In- of Units (GW)E1. of Units crease (GW) 1977 0.87 2 0.33 3 .95 12 0 0 2.15 1978 0.88 2 0 0 0 0 0 0.88 1979 1.12 @2 0.40 4 .01 NA .20 1.73 1980 1.05 1 0 0 1.21 5 .09 14 2.35 1981 11.23 3 0 0 .10 1.33 1982 4.30 6 0.80 4 .61 2 0 5.71 1983 0.0, 0. 0 0 0 0 .30 0.30 .03) (-.12) 1984 1.07 2 0.80 7 .57 NA 0 0 1985 4.63 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.63 TOTAL 15.15 22 2.33 18 3.35 17 .69 14 21.52 (GW)E Gigawatts of Energy Billionwatts *(-#,s) indicate de- or re"rated facility capacity Planned Facilities Middlesex County The impact of PJM planned facilities and additions will not be dramatically felt in Middlesex County. Public Service Electric & Gas plans to add two com- busti.on turbines to tis Sewaren generating plant by 1980. Jersey Central Power & Light has no facilities either planned or under construction at the present @time and will not be increasing their physical plant capacity in Middlesex County :before 1980. Jersey Central Power Light does, however, own property in the Keyport area on Connesquont Point which is being held as a future generating plant @site. JCP & L representatives have indicated that plans for nuclear power genera- tion-on its Keyport property was opposed by local government offic.ials. JCP & L @is-not currently considering any alternative or substitute gene-ration facility for that site.. lit 22 NUCLEAR POWER Since the early 1970's,.nuclear power aeneration'has.grown substan- tially in the U.S. as a means of producing electricity. Nuclear power provides approximately 10 percent of the Nation's electrical supply. By 1985, this percentage is expected to increase three times, and by the year 2000 nuclear-fue.led plants are projected to supply 50% of the Nation's electric power production. New Jersey currently has two nuclear-powered reactors in operation in Salem and Oyster Creek. Salem I, in Lower Alloways Creek Township, Salem County is capable of producing 1,100 megawatts of electrical power. It is jointly owned by the Public*Service and Philadephia Electric Companies and:is operated by PubTic Service Electric & Gas. An additional reactor, Salem II, to be located adjacent to.Salem I., is expected to become opera- tional in1979 also with a 1,100 megawatt capacity. Hope Creek reactors I and. II, located next.to the.Salem power stations, are scheduled to start operations by 1984,and 1986, respectively, and will each produce 1,.067 megawatts of electrical power. Public Service Electric and Gas has 95 percent ownership of the station's production and will.be responsible for the.operation of each plant. The Atlantic Electric Company will own 5 per- ..cent ofeach plant's power output. The Oyster Creek reactor in Lacey Township, Ocean County, has been operated by Jersey CentraT Power and Light since 1969 and is capable of producting 650 megawatts of nuclear-fueled electrical power. An additional 23 1,140 megaWatts is'scheduled to be produced by Jersey Central Power & Light's new reactor at Forked River, adjacent to the,Oyster Creek plant, by the spring of 1983. Two more nuclear power plants,Atlantic I and II, located 2.8 miles east of'Little Egg Harbor Inlet and 12 miles northeast of Atlantic Ci,ty,, are projected to have 1,150 megawatt capacity each, and will be owned and operated by Public Service Electric and Gas Company. Since 1971, Public,Service has been undertaking the necessary steps to obtain approp- riate permits to place these two 1,150 megawatt nuclear reactors on huge floating barges to be anchored to the.floor of the Atlantic.Ocean and surrounded by an immense stone and concrete-breakwater. The concept of floating nuclear power plants has received considerable .,opposition, despite the utility's claim that-this type of project would -be an approp-riate method of supplying power to a,state as densely populated as New Jersey.- Those against this project include environmental groups, Atlantic County residents, the tourist and fishing industries, the office of the Public.Advocate and the Byrne administration. The primary objection to floating reactors centers around the danger of accidental spills of .@radioactive material into the ocean. 'Inspite of'this opposition, PSE&G, New Jersey's largest,public utility, insists, that floating nuclear power plants will have safeguards incorporated into the design to prevent potentia.1 accidents. The Federal Nuclear 24 Regulatory Commission is presently deciding whether Offshore Power 5ystems, Tnc., of Jacksonville, Florida, should even be licensed to build floating nuclear reactors. Until such permits are granted, PSE&G has delayed purchase of the nuclear barges until 1983, at which time the multi-million- project is expected to attract less opposition by incorporating all the necessary safeguards and by meeting all the required standards to attai.n the appropriate operating permits. '25 SUPPLY OF NATURAL GAS TO NEW JERSEY Principal Interstate Pipelines .,Natural gas.is transported to, and distributed within the State of New Jersey vi.a.interstate pipelines, predominantly from the Southwestern United States and Gulf Coast states. Nine major transporters of natural gas to New Jersey are listed in Table 12. Of the state's total supply, 'Transcontinental, Texas Eastern and Tennessee Gas provide-the largest volume, accountin'g for 94.5 percent of the total supply transported to New Jersey. Major Gas Distributor Franchise Areas 'Four gas company utilities serve the residential, commercial and Andustrial sectors of New Jersey and include.Eltzabethtown Gas Company, Public.Service Electric and Gas Company, New Jersey Natural Gas.Company, and South Jersey Gas Company. Their respective franchise areas are illus- trated on Figure 4 and appropriate interstate pipeline allocations are outlined in Table 13, 26 FIGURE-A .00 Iro 1.0 ELIZABETHTOWN GAS & ELECTRIC CO. co co SOUTH JERSEY GAS CO- GAS UTILITIES 27 TABLE 12 (a) NATURAL GAS SUPPLIED TO NEW JERSEY BY INTERSTATE PIPELINE (1975'76 PUCREPORTING YEAR) (million cubic feet) Percent of Pipeline Volume Total Transcontinental Gas Pipeline 143,345 56.5' Texas Eastern Transmission 843024 33.1 Tennessee Gas Pipeline 12,408 4.9 Consolidated Gas Supply 1,923 0.8 Columbia Gas Transmission 1,646 0.6 Algonquin Gas' Transmission 1,287 0.5 Houston Pi-peline 924 0.4 Michigan--Consolidated Gas 761 0.3 Distrigas. 305 0.1 Other and Unspecified 6,911 2.7 Total 253,534 100.0. (a) All, Figures are partially estimated. Source: New- Jers,u Natural Gas Shortage: A Policy Analysis, J.L.. -eci.] and 0. Morrelli December 1.976. 28 Lill' TABLE 13 NATURAL GAS SUPPLIEDJO NEW JERSEY UTILITIES (1975-76 PUC REPORTING YEAR@ (million cubic feet) Public Service South New Jersey Supplier Electric &.Gas Jersey Natural Elizabethtown Transcontinental Gas Pipeline 102,038 24,954 16,353 Texas Eastern Transmission 53,048 26,971 4,005 Tennessee Gas Pipeline 12,197 211 Columbia Gas Transmission 1,646 Algonguin Gas Transmission 1,287 Consolidated Gas:Supply 1,923 Houston Pipeline 924 Michigan Consolidated 761 Distrigas 305 Other and Unspecified 3,293 3,018 600 Total 175,576 31,885 28,858 22,215 Note: Table excludes inter-utility transfers, manufactured and liquified natural gas, andliquid petroleum gases. All figures are:partially estimated. Source: New Jersey Natural Gas Shortage:- A Policy Analysis, J.L. Cecil and Morrell, Decernber,,1976. 29 New Jersey Oas The four gas utilities-of New Jersey supplied residents within the state with 276.2 Bcf of gas from November 1, 1975 through October 31, 1976. Of this sum, 92 percent or 253.5 Bcf can be attributed to gas sold on the wholesale market through interstate pipelines. Slightly over 1 percent (3.7 Bcf) of the total gas supply was obtained as Ilexploration" gas. This type of gas is developed by utility-owned exploration companies, which is then transmitted via the interstate pipeline network. A list of exploration companies can be.found in Table 14. Alternative Forms- of Natural Gas The remainder of New Jersey's gaseous fuel supply is derived primarily from non-methane gases. These gases, it is important.to note, are not transported through the interstate pipeline network but are transferred in-mobile gas tanks.. Their,contribution to the fuel supply is illustrated in Table 15'. Supplemental Supplies Refinery gas is primarily a methane by-product of petroleum refinery operations and is sold to the utilities on a contractual basis. Other forms.of gas that make up the state's overall gas supply include both synthetic natural. gas (SNG)'and liquified natural gas (LNG). Synthetic natural gas is derived from heavy hydrocarbons, primarily napthas, and represent only about one percent of the state's total gas supply. At the 30 TABLE 14 NATURAL GAS SUPPLIES OBTAINED THROUGH EXPLORATION EFFORTS OF N.J. GAS UTILITIES FOR THE 1975-76 PUC REPORTING YEAR (million cubic feet) Volumes Supplied Nov. 1, 1 to (a) May 1, 1976 Parent Utility Exploration Division or.Subsidiary April 31, 1976 Oct. 31, 1976(b) Totals Public Service Electric and Gas Energy Development Corp. 1090 1706 2796 South Jersey Gas South Jersey Exploration Co. New Jdrsey Natural Gas Exploration and Production Div. Elizabethtown Gas National Exploration 676 208 884 Total 1766 1914 3680 (a) Actual through M arch 21, 1976. (b) Projected. Source New Jersey Natural Gas Shortage: A Policy Analysis, J.L. Cecil and D. Morrell, December, 1976. TABLE 15 (a) NEW JERSEY'S TOTAL GAS SUPPLY (1975-76 PUC REPORTING YEAR) Volume Percent Type of Supply (MMcf) of Total Natural Gas Interstate Pipelines (b) 253,534 92.4 Utilities' Exploration 3,680 1.3 Refinery Gas 10,321 3.8 Synthetic Gas 2,832 1.0 Liquified Natural Gas 549 0.2 (c) Natural Gas Liquids 3,342 1.2 Total 274,258 .99.9 (a) All figures are partially estimated. (b), This is natural gas developed by the utilities's own exploration companies and transmitted to New Jersey by interstate pipeline, companies. (c) NGL does not consist of natural gas (methane) but are compounds of heavier hydrocarbons including propane, butanes and natural gasolines. Propane and butane especially are used as gas substitutes. Source New Jersey Natural Gas Shortage: A Policy Analysis, J.L. Cecil and D. Morrell, Decimber, 1976. 32 present time, PS,E&G and Elizabethtown jointly own and operate SNG plants in Linden and Harrison, New Jersey. Liquified natural gas is another supplemental gas composed of methane which'has been cooled to - 2650F by a cryogenic process called liquifac- tion. Table 16 depicts the projected and actual liquified natural gas supplies availableto gas utilities serving Middlesex County. This cooling technique allows a decrease in volume of-84% and, in so doing, affords greater flexibility and economy in transpoftand storage of LNG. PSE&G owns amLNG receiving terminal on Staten Island, New York, whose operation- alization has been stalled with the event of a major fire claiming 34 lives. The cause of the fire has still not been determined and until such time, the.FPC will not permit operations at this facility to begin. Two other LNG receiving termina.ls are'being planned by the Transco Terminal Company and'Texas. Eastern Gas Company for respective plant sites at Racoon Island, New Jersey and West Deptford, New Jersey. The potential hazards associated with transporting, storing, and regasifying LNG,which at the present time curtail operations at the Staten Island facility will, in all probability, thwart the permit process for these two new LNG facilities to locate in New Jersey. The Situation in New Jersey In the reporting year 1975-1976*, 19.0 billion cubic feet (Bcf) of non- methane-type gas entered or was produced and distributed in New-Jersey (See Table. 15. The largest source in this category is refinery gas, contributing Reporting year extends from November-1 through October 31. 33 TABLE 16 PROJECTED AND ACTUAL LIQUIFIED NATURAL GAS SUPPLIES AVAILABLE TO GAS UTILITIES(a) IN MIDDLESE@ COUNTY (1975-76 PUC REPORTING YEAR) (million cubic feet equivalent) Nov. 1, 1975 to May 1, 19761to Total for PUC utility April 31,1976 Oct. 31, 1976 Reporting year Public Service Electric and Gas -- Elizabethtown Gas 150(b) 150 Total 150(b) 150 @(a) Does not include gas transported to New Jersey and liquified for storage purposes. (b)- Source of this LNG is Transco. Source: New Jersey Natural Gas Shortage: A Policy Analysis, J.L. Cecil and U. Morrell,-Uecember, 191b. 34 .10.3 Bcf of the total, volume distributed within the State. The second largest alternate form is natural gas liquids (NGL) which represent a 3.3 Bcf contribution to the total, supply distributed. Synthetic natural gas enters the distribution system at'2.8 Bcf, and liquified natural gas contributed less than I Bcf to the supply. Till' 35 Gas Companies Operating in Middlesex County Two utilities sup'ply gas to Middlesex County: Public Service Electric & Gas Company and Elizabethtown Gas-Company. A major portion of the County is serviced by Public.Service Electric & Gas Company with a service region covering all but the northeast corner of the County. This northeast area of-Middlesex County is supplied gas by the Elizabethtown Gas Company. Elizabethtown's service region encompasses Carteret, Woodbridge, Perth Amboy, ..,..Metuchen -and more than half of Edison Township. Public Service Electric and Gas Company Public Service. Electric and Gas.Company (PSE&G) not only is the largest gas distributinj utility in New Jersey but is also the only gas.utility in New Jersey to produce and distribute electrical power in conjunction with its gas.di.stributi6n-operations. PSUG markets, its.gas.,in an area occupying a.corridor of the State from Trenton and Camden to the northeast.corner of the State (See Figure 3). This region had a 1976 population of 4,940,855 and provided gas to approxi- mately 72 percent of the State's high-volume industrial consumers. In terms of statewide,gas consumption, PSUG supplies the following proportions- Residential ...... ......... 66.8% Commercial Industrial ........... 58.9% 36 To meet the contractual obligations necessary to serve the customers above PSE&G secures its major gaseous fuel supplies primarily through three interstate pipelines (Transcontinental, Texas Eastern & Tennessee Gas Companies), which in 1976 supplied PSE&G with 88.7 percent of its total supplies.- In order to fill the remaining demand requirements PSE&G receives gas from.a number of smaller interstate pipelines and is the only gas utility that purchases refinery gas, its fourth largest gaseous fuel supply.. Finally, PSUG owns and operates 91.4 percent @f New Jersey's SNG production which augments its total gas supply by slightly more than 1 percent. tL 37 TABLE 17 PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC AND GAS CO. TOTAL, GAS SUPPLIES, 1975-76 PUC REPORTING YEAR (million'cubic feet) Nov. 1 to May 1 to Source Percent of Form of Supply April 30 Oct. 31 Total Total Supply Pipeline Natural Gas Transcontinental @52,767 49,271 102,038 54.1 Texas Eastern 29,913 23,135 53,048 28.1 Tennessee 6,244 5,953 12,197 6.5 Exploration Gas 1,090 1,706 2,786 1.5 Refinery Gas 5,391 -4,930 10,321 5.5 (a) Synthetic,Natura.1 Gas. 1,907 1,907 1.0 Natural Gas,Liquids 2,890 2,890 1.5 Other and Unspecified 3,293 1.7 Subtotal 101,588 86 902 188,490 100.0 (b) Storage 38,918 --- --- --- Total with Storage 140,506: 86,902 188,490 100.0 (a) From an anticipated test run of Linden, N.J. SNG plant. (b)- Storage is not included in heating season total as it represents gas stored during the preceding summer, not additional supplies. .,Source: New Jersey Natural.Gas Shortage: A Policy.Analysis, J. L. Cecil. and D. orrell, December, 1976. 38 Elizabethtown Gas Company The Company, on the whole, distributed 23.8 Bcf of gas from November 1, 1975 to October 31, 1976. It has full ownership of a 150,006 Mcf (equivalent) LNG storage tank in Elizabeth and 10% ownership of supplemental gas supplies from the Linden SNG plant. In addition, Elizabethtown operates a propane-air .gas manufacturing plant capable of.providi-ng 20,000 Mcf of this type of gas per day. Propane is a compound composed of heavy hydrocarbons and is especially used as a gas substitute. Also, Elizabethtown's privately-owned gas exploration company has-been successful at augmenting their total gas volume by 3.7 percent. 39 TABLE 18 ELIZABETHTOWN GAS CO. TOTAL GAS SUPPLIES, 1975-76 PUC REPORTING YEAR (million cubic feet) Nov. 1 to May 1 to Source Percent of Form of Supply April 30 Oct. 31 Total Total Supply Pipeline Natural Gas Transcontinental 9,557 6,796 16,353 68.6 Texas Eastern 2,664 1,341 .4,005 16.8 Columbia 884, 762 1,646 6.9 Tennessee 152 59 211 0.9 Exploration Gas 679 208 884 3.7' (a) Synthetic Natural Gas 154 191 345 1.4 Liquified Natural Gas ISO 150 0.6 Natural Gas Liquids 257 257 1.1 Subtotal 142494 9,357 23,851 100.0 (b) Storage 4,886 --- --- Total with Storage 19,380 9,357 23,851 100.0 (a) From planned test run of Linden SNG plant. (b) Storage is not-included fn heating season total as it represents gas the preceding summer and not additional supplies. S,o,u rce: 'New Jersey Natural'Gas Shortage.: A Policy Analysis: J. L. Cecil ind 0. Morrell, December, 1976. 40 TABLE 19 NEW JERSEY'S PROJECTED SUPPLY POSITION NOVEMBER 1976 - APRIL 1977* (mill.ion cubic feet) Volume Pipeline Supply 115,172 Available from Storage 48,906 Total Without Supplemental Supplies 164,078 Normal-Winter Firm Requirements 183,012 Suppl.emental Supplies Required for Normal' Winter 18,934 Design Winter Firm Requirements 206,824 ....Supplemental-Supplies Requ.ired for Design Winter .42,746 1975-76 Supplemental Supplies 19,408 Note: Normal and design winter firm requirements are assumed to be the same as in the 1975-76 period. The time frame of November, 1976 to April 1977 was chosen because of data availability and because it.spans the winter. It is in the winter heating season that firm requirements reach maximum levels as gas demand peaks. Con-. sequently, it is during this period that serious supply/demand imbalances can be expected to manifest themselves first. Source: -New Jersey Natural Gas,Shortage: A Policy Analysis J. L. Cecil and D. Morrell,.December, 1976. 41 TABLE 20 NEW JERSEY-SUPPLY POSITION NOVEMBER 1975 APRIL 1976 Volume Percent of (MMcf) Total Supply Pipeline Supply 131,936 64.9 Supplemental Supply 19,408 9.6 Storage. 25.5 Total Supply 203,202 100.0 Normal Winter Firm Requirements 183,012 90.1 'Normal Winter Firm Reserves 20,210 9.9 Design Winter Fi rm Requirements 206,824 101.8 Additional Supply Required for Design Winter 3,622 1.8 Source: New Jersey Natural Gas Shortage: A Policy Analysis, J. L. Cecil and. D. Morrell, December, 1976. 42 The major industrial consumers by SIC group in Middlesex County are illustrated in.Table 21 below and include: TABLE 21 MAJOR INDUSTRIAL GAS CONSUMERS SIC* 20 Food & Kindred Products 28- Chemicals & Allied Products 32 Stone, Clay & Glass Products 33 Primary Metals Standard Industrial Classificiation Code. 43 TABLE 22 EMPLOYMENT AND LARGE-VOLUME INDUSTRIAL GAS CONSUMPTION BY GAS COMPANY DISTRIBUTION AREAS IN MIDDLESEX COUNTY Gas/ Employees/ Distributing Percent of Percent of Percent of Employee MMcf of(d) Area Companies(a) Companies Employment Employment Gas Used(b). Gas 'Used (Mcf)(c) Gas Used a Public Service 548 83.2 222,804 80.2 35,262.5 76.0 158.2 6.32 Elizabethtown 111 16.8 54,936 19.8 11,114.7 24.0 202.4 4.94 Total 659 100.0 277,740 46,377.2 100.0. 360.6 11.26 (a) industrial firsm..which consume more than 10 million cubic feet of gas each year. (b) Million cubic feet. (c) Mcf Million cubic feet. (d) MMcf Mi-11ion million cubic feet. Source: New Jersey Natural Gas Shortage: A Policy Analysis, J. L. Cecil and D. Morrell, December, 1976. TABLE 23 NEW JERSEY GAS SUPPLIES AND CURTAILMENTS (1975-76 PUCAEPORTING YEAR) (million cubic feet) Contract Estimated Available Supplier Volume Curtailment Curtailment Supply Transcontinental 227,707 84,362 37.0 143,345 Texas Eastern 114,835 30,811 26.8 84,024 Tennessee 14,415 2,007 13.9 12,408 Consolidated Gas Supply 1,923 Ln Columbia 2,787 1,141 40.9 1,646 Algonquin 1,698 410 24.1 1,287 Houston Pipeline 1,293 369 28.5 924 Michigan Consolidated Gas 761 --- --- 761 Distrigas 305 305 Other and Unspecified 6,911 --- --- 6,911 Total 372,634 119,100 32.0 253,534 Source: New Jersey Natural Gas Shortage: A Policy Analysis., J. L. Cecil and D. Morrell, December, 1976. TABLE 24. PROJECTED NATIONAL FIRM REQUIREMENTS AND CURTAILMENTS OF MAJOR INTERSTATEPIPELINES SERVING NEW JERSEY, (1975-76 HEATING SEASON) T Firm Total Percent Supplier Requirements Deficiency Deficient Transcontinental Gas Pipeline Corp. 496,700 180,426 36.32 Texas Eastern Trans- mission Corp- 501,370 117,491 23.43 Tennessee,Gas Pipeline,Corp. 59Z,035 70,139 11.85 Consolidated-Gas Supply Corp. 431,900 18,979 4.39 Columbia Gas.Trans- mission Corp, .848,726 235,177 27.71 Algonquin Gas Trans- mission Corp.. .92,702 14,711 15.87 Total 2,963,433 636,923 21.50 Source:. New Jersey Natural Gas Shortage: A Policy.Analysis J. L. Cecil and 0. Morell, December, 1976. Eli" EL 46 TABLE 25 HIGH PRIORITY GAS USE, CRITICAL CURTAILMENT LEVELS, AND VULNERABILITY OF EMPLOYMENT, IN MANUFACTURING FIRMS FOR NEW JERSEY High-Priority Critical Employees/MMcf of Number of Consumption Curtailment High-Priority SIC Employees. (MMcf) (a), Level(%)(b) Consumption 20 27,010 1,814.5 60 14.9 21 125 22 11,374 1,116.6 58 10.2 .23 2,265 191.1 29 11.9 24 38.2- 47 1.0 25 800 --- 26 6,522 621 `9 75 10.5 27 2,232 236.0 55 9.5 28 67,456 2,948.7 71 29 3,418 28.1 96 121.6 30 91050 495.,5 64 18.3 32 28,110 7,129.8 55 3.9 ..33 22,941 2,912.4 60 7.9 34 26,263 1,244.1 69 21.1 35 21,668 @1,151.2 44 18.8 36 53,672 548.8 73 97.8 37 17,280 680,7 25.4 38 5,668 82.2 81 69.0 .39 3,773 320.0 68 11.8 (a) High priority consumption includes use for processing (alternate fuel infeasible), feedstocks and plant protection. (b) The level of curtailment possible before high-priority gas uses are invaded; by definition, this equates to low-priority gas use in that .-industry. :Sburce: New Jersey Natural Gas Shortaae:' A Policy Analysis, J. L. Cecil and 0. Morrell, December, 1976. 47 TABLE 26 THE1ARGEST GAS CONSUMING INDUSTRIES: GAS CONSUMPTION AND EMPLOYMENT ...FOR NEW JERSEY Annual Gas sic Consumption Employees Code Description (Bcf) (000) 32 Stone, Clay, Glass 15.94 28.11 28 Chemicals 14.20 67.46 33 Primary Metals 7.29 22.94 20 Food 4.58 27.01 34 Fabricated Metals 4.01 26.26 (a) .49, Utilities (4.26) (.15) ,'Total 46.02 .171.78 .(a) category gas, electric and sanitary services is not included in the totals as i.t largely represents gas wasted or lost in supply of gas to retail customers. Source: New Jersey Natural Gas Shortage: A Policy Analysis, J. L. Cecil and D. Morrell, December, 1976. 48 TABLE 27 NATURAL GAS USE AND EMPLOYMENT IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES IN NEW JERSEY (1) (2) (3) (4) Gas Used/ Employee/Unit Gas Used No. Employee of gas used -SIC' Description (MMcf) Employees (Mcf) (MMcf) 36 Electric Equipment 2,003.9 53,672 37.3 26.8 25 Furniture & Fixtures 30.0 800 37.5 26.7 Transport. Equipment 911.5 17,280 52.7 19.0 .38 ,'Instruments 422.5 5,668 74.5 13.4. .35 Nonelectric Machinery 2,042.8 21,668 94.3 10.6 23- Apparel 270.3 2,265 119.2 8.4 30 Rubber- & Plastics 1,376.9 9,050 152.2 6.6 34- Fabricated Metals 4,013.5 26,263 152.9 6.5 21 Tobacco 19.6 125 156.8 6.4 20 Food 4,578.0 27,010 169.6 5.8 20 Petroleum Refining 708.1 3,418 208.3 4.8 Chemicals 14,195.9 67,456 210.3 4.8 V Pri:nting. & Publish. 524.0@ 2,232 227.8 4.4 22.- Textile@Prod. 2,674.2 11,374 235.2 4.3 39:@ Miscellaneous 983.4 3,773 260.6 3.8 33 Primary Metals 7,290.6 22,941 318.4 3.1 26 Paper 2,540.7 6,522 389.5 2.6 32, Stone, Clay, Glass 15,939.6 28,110 567.0 1.8 24 Lumber & Wood 61.1 40 1,527.5 0.7 Source: New Jersey Natural Gas Shortage: A'Po-licy Analysis, J. L., Cecil and D. Morrell, December, 1976. AO TABLE 28 DATA ON LARGE-VOLUME.INDUSTRIAL GAS USERS IN NEW JERSEY Total Gas Number of Number of Consumption Standard Industrial Classification Companies Employees (million cubic feet, 32 Stone, clay & glass products 68 28,110 15,939-.6 28 Chemicals & allied products 122 .67,456 14,195.9 33 Primary metals 87 22,941 7,290.6 20 Food & kindred products 71 27,010 4,578.0 49 Electric, gas & sanitary services 4 150 4,259.7 34 Fabricated metal products 85 26,263 4,013.,5 22 Textile mill products 68 11,374 2,674.12 26 Paper & allied products 29 6,522 2,540.7 35 Machinery, non-electrical 33 21,668 2,042.8 36 Electrical equipment & supplies 44 53,672 2,003.9 30 Rubber & plastics products 36 9,050 12376.9 Miscellaneous manufacturing 16 3,773 983.4 _17 Transportation equipment 8 17,280 911.5 25 Petroleum & coal products 11 3,418 708.1 -27, Printing & pubTishing 13 29232 524.0 38 Instruments & related products 5,668 422.5 70 Hotels & other Todging places 15 3,057 411.1 23 Apparel & other textile products 8 2,265 270.3 42 Trucking & warehousing 8 5,165 209.3 50 Wholesale trade 6 1,363 181.3 16 Construction: genera 1 contractors 6 540 14 Non-metallic minerals, except fuels 4 151 136.9 92 State government 1 -1,100 135.4 65 Real Estate 2 620 124'l 80 Medical & other health services 3 1,745 104.6 24 Lumber & wood products 2 40 61.1 25-, Furniture & fixtures 2 800 30.1 21 Tobacco manufactures 1 125 19.6 02 @'Agricultural production: livestock 1 200 14.9 57 Furniture & home furnishing stores 1 300 13 Crude petroleum & natural gas 1 535 12.4 .-54 Food stores: 1 100 11.8 - Unknown 1 60.3 Total 766 324,693 66,440.2 .-Source: New Jersey Natural Gas Shortage: A Policy Analysis, J. L. Cecil till"' and 0. Morrell, December, 1976. 50 I @ A, AN; @ C-AA* ,-@ I @t *,@, I 400 4' k6 1@ t 4 @f I 1111010011111111111- 1 3 6668 00002 7690 1