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m LO oo 11@4_---o eMC4 COASTAL ZONE 0 1 INFORVIATiON CENTER AU.RORA to (0 SUMMARY of the bo AURORA r LAND USE PLAN Prepared by the BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS and CITIZENS of the Town of Aurora,, North Carolina With Assistance from The School of Design North Carolina State University 1976 H D 268 A.97 S86 1976 a. Castle Hayne Aquifer What this means for Aurora All of Beaufort County, as well as a good portion of eastern Because any new develop ent in the Aurora area must 3. Source: U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Revenue 'T North Carolina, is underlain by the Castle Hayne rock forma- contend with certain constrairits imposed by the aquifer, the Sharing. tion. This formation is a major source of ground water; many soi Is and the phosphate deposi 'i, town officials have endorsed a 4. Source@ State of North Carolina, estimate for Revenue Shar- domestic and municpal wells tap into the Castle Hayne. All growth policy which responds@to these conditions. Under this ing. studies indicate that the Castle Hayne is a very strong aqui- policy, new development will'Ibe encouraged only within the fer. However, one mining company is drawing out 67 million existing town limits for the following reasons: 5. Source: Town of Aurora, estimate from water hook-ups. gallons a day and another company will be drawing out an 1. The necessary services such@as water and sewer already exist. 6. This represents a constant 8.2% increase for the five years. additional 35 millions gallons a day. Even though this aqui- 2. The soils are the most favorable for new structures. This rate is subject to major change depending upon con- fer is monitored continuously by the'N.C. Board of Water 3. Uncontrolled development, in fragile areas is least likely to struction of new phosphate mining facilities; the occupancy Resources, none of the experts can predict how or when salt occur. of public housing units and other events. In a town of this water intrusion will contaminate the fresh water supply. 4. Plenty of open space existsfor infill development. size, with a major single influence having the magnitude of They do know that such a massive withdrawal of water from 5. The municipal water system, is much more dependable than impact of the phosphate mining, major fluctuations can be the Aquife Ir causes a cone of depression in which the water individual wells because of Ithe pump down of the ground expected. level is lowered in all directions radiatingfrom acenter atthe water by the phosphate industries. 7. This represents a constant 8.2% increase for five-year incre- mine site where the water level is lowest. This cone of de- 6. Restricting new development to within the existing town ments. See note number 6 for additional constraints on this pression will move as the mining pit is moved. Any wells limits will allow the mining companies to mine areas ad- estimate. failing within the cone of depression that are not deep jacent to the one-mile planning boundary with minimal enough will have to be redug or have stronger purnps in- disturbance. stal led. I SECTION V: THE LAND CLASSIFICATION PLAN SECTION IV: POPULATION PROJECTIONS b. Soils The Land Classification Plan is the most important part of the The soil types present in the Aurora area have severe limita- As a minimum, the community services needed to adequately Aurora Land Use Plan. The Plan consists of five major catego- tions for dwellings, septic tanks, and drainage. The best soil serve the projected population for the year 2025 include roads, ries: developed, transition, community, rural and conservation. in the area is the Dogue classification which has severe educational facilities, and water and sewer services. The esti- These five classes provide a framework to be used by Aurora shrink/swell properties for buildings, low permeability for mated population for Aurora and the future population projec- officials in identifying where and to what density they want septic tanks, but is moderately well drained. An extensive tions are included in the fol.lowing chart: growth to occur, and where tax money should be spent to Soil Conservation Service drainage program has been com- provide public services. Because this is a statement of local pleted in much of the area to improve agricultural use, but policy consistent with the county and state needs and goals, the the soils are not adequate for extensive residential develop- C C C Aurora Land Classification Plan will.serve as'a basic tool for ment. The soils in this area are excellent, however, for the coordinating numerous policies, standards, regulations, and production of potatoes and. other crops such as corn and .2 V other governmental activities at all levels. soybeans. The average yield for these crops is nearly double Z The Aurora Land Classification Plan will be updated every five CL 0. 4) 0 WJ 0 the county-wide average. In addition to the agricultural >_ CL 0. years and is designed to be broad enough to accommodate a fields, a large portion of the land around Aurora is forested variety of land uses such as residential, commercial, industrial with most forested areas devoted to commercial pine pro- 1950 5211 and recreational. Descriptions of the land classes are as follows: duction. Other unique soils in this area are the alluvial soils along the streams that provide ideal conditions for the pro- 1960 4491 1. Developed cluction of hardwoods and are one of the best wildlife habi- 1970 6202 Lands placed in this classification are areas already served tats in the area. 1973 6353 by either municipal water or sewer or both and the land uses 1974 6854 vary, In Aurora, continued development and redevelopment c. Phosphate Deposit 1975 6715 will be encouraged in land classified as "developed". All the The Pungo River formation is the phosphate layer of the land classified as "developed" with the exception of the sew- earth underlying more than 700 square miles of Beaufort 1980 7266 age lagoon is within the existing town limits. County. Its thickness ranges from a featheredge a few miles 1985 7866 east of the city of Washington to more than 120 feet thick 1990 8506 2. Transition near the south shore of the Pamlico River in eastern Beaufort Lands classified as "transition" are those areas where moder- County. Its depth below mean sea level ranges from a 1995 9206 ate to high density growth is expected to occur and will be minimum of about 40 feet near Washington to more than 2000 9956' encouraged. For Aurora, the land estimated to accommo- 230 feet deep around the.Pungo River. To protect areas of 2025 14767 date new growth at a minimum gross density of 2000 people concentrated development and insure the orderly develop- per square mile is 64 acres. This also includes a site for in- ment of the phosphate industry, the county should dis- dustrial growth. The minimum services required for these courage the use of the phosphate deposit areas as building NOTES: areas will be water and sewer facilities and roads. sites by zoning the better deposits as industrial and prohibit- s ing scattered residential development. The county should 1. Source: U.S. Cen us Data. 3. Community also control the phosphate mining to assure that adjacent 2. This 38.1% increase from 1960 to 1970 was due to two major Lands classified as "community" are those areas where there lands are not undermined or devalued and to prohibit factors: first, the annexation of South Village and second, presently exists a density of 640 people per residential square mining in areas where it.would cause irreversible environ- the influx of people with jobs related to Texasgulf, Inc. mile or where this density is expected to occur in the future. mental damage. Source@ U.S. Census Data. it is also characterized by lot sizes of ten acres or less in .... ....... . ... ....... .... ...... ........... . . . . . . . . . . . .X. % ... ............. ............... ... X;;P ..... 0 Developed Transition Main Str ei Community , Mss urora E]Rural One Rural Two N.C. 33 YN., Rural Three ElConservation ........... no*rth 0 1000 feet LAND CLASSIFICATION Appropriate land uses: Because two-thirds of the town Zone B-This is th6land area from the four foot con- Appropriate land uses. Any land use that occurs must of Aurora lies in a floodplain, a certain degree of de- tour inland to the @ix foot contour. The finished floor conform with the standards of the Federal Insurance velopment will be al/owed if land uses conform to elevation of all new construction in this zone will Administration for coastal flood hazard areas and safety Federa I guidelines. First priority for land uses in a flood- have to be elevated a minimum of four (4) feet. during the flood surge from a 100-year storm. (Code of way will be given to nonrintensive recreational, rural, Zone C-This is tl@e land area from the six foot con- Federal Regulations, Title 24, Chapter 10, Subchapter and conservation uses. Other development already tour inland to thq boundary of the 100-year flood B). However, this plan will allow no additional develop- exists in the floodplain and-.-economic and efficient land prone area. This @oundary coincides approximately ment in the coastal floodplain within the one-mile plan- use criteria can justify a continuation of this develop- with the eight foot contour. The finished f loor eleva- ning area. There is no development trend in these areas, ment trend. Therefore, the Town will enact the follow- tion of all new construction in this zone will have to there are very few access points, and the coastal flood- ing zonation plan: be elevated a minimum of two (2) feet or else be plain borders estuarine waters which are excellent win- flood-proofed in some acceptable manner. tering areas for several species of ducks, including the Zone A-This is the land area from the mean high f. Coastal Floodplain. T hese are defined as land areas ad- Canvasback. Consequently, no economic justification water level inland to the four foot contour. The fin- jacent to coastal sou'@ds, estuaries or the ocean which for development in these areas presently exists. ished floor elevation of all new construction in this are prone to f looding @rom storms with an annual proba- zone will have to be elevated a minimum of seven (7) bility of one percen it or greater (100-year storm) as feet. At the present, no homes in Aurora are in viola- identified by the State Geologist. tion of this restriction. REQUIREMENTS FOR STRUCTURES IN FL06D PRONE AREAS N M FSta"ndard 2 t"Stilt house f(xu atio 17' minimum ff e Finished Floor Elevation nd n 100 Year Flood Level 8' 6' 120HUHMM I 4' 7.5' ZONE C ZONE B ZONE A li@,) 1 ql@ INTRODUCTION SECTION II: GOALS FOR AURORA The coastal area of North Carolina is recognized as an The Town of Aurora adopted community goals as a founda- Implementation of Aurora's goals and objectives important region for food production, industrial expansion, and tion for a community development program. Aurora citizens Aurora has adopted a land use plan that covers not only recreational activities. It is also an area where orderly growth is felt that setting goals would help clarify the problems confront- the land within its town limits but also the land within its vital to protect the citizens and the important natural resources ing their town and that goals would represent those things most one-mile extraterritorial planning jurisdiction. Most of the of the area. To encourage such growth management, the people agreed should be done. They hoped that setting goals land in this one-mile area will be restricted from mining General Assembly of North Carolina passed the Coastal Area would lead to positive action rather than reaction to unfavor- use categories (see Land Classsification Discussion.and Management Act of 1974. This act requires local officials in able occurrences. In addition, town officials hoped to involve Map) form buffer areas around Aurora to prevent land twenty coastal counties to work with citizens in establishing everyone in a creative problern@ solving effort based on Aurora's uses that would cause a disintegration in the quality of life goals for their future and in preparing plans for growth and potential as well as its constraints. Finally, the citizens of of Aurora residents. There is still disagreement between development. Under this directive from the State Legislature, Aurora wan'ted a way of evaluating their community develop- Aurora officials and Texasgulf over just how close mining the town of Aurora has prepared a Land Use Plan which is ment plans by comparing them to the goals -and objectives could be allowed while still not disrupting life styles. At available at the Town Hall. This "Synopsis" is a summation of established by the citizens. the present time, Aurora is developing a zoning ordinance the essential parts of the Aurora Land Use Plan. The goal setting process in Aurora has involved, a cross- based on the establishment of performance criteria for section of citizens: townspeople of all ages and from all walks of various land uses. SECTION 1: AURORA-PAST AND PRESENT life with various backgrounds and values. In the fall *of 1974, 1 n addition to the adoption of the land use plan, Aurora students from Aurora High School surveyed the community has begun a comprehensive revitalization plan. Town off i- Settled in the mid-eighteen hundreds to supply farmers, about recreational preferences. Several classes of students from cials intend to steer-new businesses and industries to Main foresters and fishermen, Aurora was carved from forest, marsh Snowden Elementary School and Aurora High School were Street and will utilize existing buildings when feasible. and water near the Atlantic Ocean. Barges and showboats asked what kind of town they would like, and selected classes Also, the town has applied for and received grants en- sometimes enlivened the Aurora docks, but people kept a wrote wish poems about their town and school. In-depth inter- abling them to rehabilitate an old home for community simple, direct relationship with the water and the land and each views were conducted with employees of Texasgulf to deter- rooms and municipal offices, to pave additional streets, other. The town was as rural in character as the countryside mine the life styles, values and preferences of future residents of and to build a new medical complex. Further, the town is surrounding it. Townspeople kept stores, but also farmed, Aurora. Then in March of 1975, the junior Women's Club now in compliance with the federal flood insurance pro- fished and hunted. Their homes were country homes gathered surveyed a third of the households in Aurora seeking informa- gram and will regulate the height of new structures so that closely together into little communities. The sleepy southern tion about the values of the citizens. flood damage will not occur to new buildings located in town of Aurora remained much the same until 1965. All of this information was tabulated and presented to the the 100-year flood prone area. It was then that Texas Gulf Sulphur Company-now Texas- Aurora Planning Board for their consideration in developing It was then that Texas Gulf Sulphur Company-now Texas- goals. At a Planning Board meeting on June 11, 1975, goals and Relationship With Beaufort County Plan: gulf, Inc.-began strip-mining eight miles from Aurora for objectives were developed. On June 16, 1975, the goals pro- The Town of Aurora began its planning process in Sep- phosphate, The deposit turned out to be one of the richest in posed by the Planning Board were brought before the Town tember of 1974 and completed the plans in August of the world with estimates that indicate the supply will last over Board for their consideration. After lengthy discussion, revi- 1975. Throughout this time the Beaufort County planning two hundred years. Texasgulf was dubbed the princess of sions and additions were made,and Goals for Aurora (published process was also underway. Both the county planner and progress by Aurora residents because mining provided over 900 as Technical Report Three) were approved. Two of the seven Aurora's planners realize the importance of coordination jobs, kept young people from leaving, and made the town grow goals deal specifically with land use: of the two plans and have worked to resolve any incon- to its present 671 people. The town has prospered from the sistencies between the two plans. At the present time the phosphate mining and will probably receive even more benefits Goal: Integrate new and existing land uses efficiently. only significant difference is the rural land classification when a second mining operation, North Carolina Phosphate, -Objective 1: Develop a comprehensive plan that allows system. Aurora's plan recognizes three types of rural land, begins mining in 1978. But Aurora happens to sit atop 600 acres people to stay one step ahead of development pres- while the county's plan has one general classification. of the phosphate deposit. And that is the source of major land sures. Because Aurora's planners were working with a smaller use conflict, -Objective 2: Establish buffer areas to prevent incompa- land area, they were able to make a more detailed analysis Aurora still appears to be a loose-knit, rural community, tjb)e land uses, of the land. Since Beaufort County is large in land area, its untouched by outsiders and surviving in a faded form on a -Objective 3: Encourage developmentlof new housing so plan is of necessity more general in nature. simple, ebbing economy. Appearances are wrong. It is true that local workers can live in Aurora. Aurora has not boomed, and probably never will, but outside -Objective 4: Utilize and develop commercial areas with SECTION III: ENVIRONMENTAL GUIDES TO BETTER pressures abound. Aurora is caught in the crossf ire, a small town compatible and symbiotic uses. DEVELOPMENT amid giant forces. Agriculture, forestry and nature have always demanded large areas of land, and now tourism adds additional Goal: Use existing community facilities efficiently. Land use planning has taken on added importance in'Aurora demands for land. But these pressures are insignificant in com- -Objective 1: Make use of existing buildings and utilities by the increased public concern about, and understanding of, parison to the intense pressure for land applied by the two when feasible. environmental systems. "Site suitability," "land capability," phosphate mining industries, Texasgulf and North Carolina -Objective 2: improve and expand the existing boat "carrying capacity," and other planning terms are frequently Phosphate. The industries brought good jobs but have taken ramp and dock and acquire new land if possible. used in reference to Aurora's land use planning approach. people's land in exchange. -Objective 3: Improve existing roads. Aurora's citizens, elected officials, and planning team have In spite of these outside pressures to change their traditions, -Objective 4: Minimize travel distances from homes to made a determination of the "Intrinsic suitability," or the best values and lifestyles, the citizens of Aurora retain ample community services and facilities. use of the land, given certain circumstances. resources and have gained significant advantages from the -Objective 5: Expand or build new health care facilities. The basic guides for determining development suitability for upheaval. One major advantage is that Aurora is growing when -Objective 6: improve downtown -parking. an area are water supply, drainage, geology, soils, plant types, most small towns are dying. It is expected to have a thousand -Objective 7: Encourage downtown merchants to remain etc. The most important guides for land use planning and people by the year 2000. jobs are available. Aurora citizens there. development in the Aurora area include farm land, estuarine have choices about their futures and the unique opportunity to -Objective 8: Encourage a flood prevention and drainage waters, wetlands, and prime wildlife habitats. The most im- plan and control their town's destiny. plan with the least cost to Aurora citizens. portant constraints for future development are the ground water aquifer, soils and the phosphate deposit. South'Crql, N op. Residential ElCommercial N Industrial Utilities et ail 3 re Government, Institutional ElCultural and Recreation Undeveloped Land 0' N.C. Jj Agriculture 01 Forestland V1- LJ Water Wetland north EXISTING LAND USE 1000 feet clusters of one or more land uses. The plan for Aurora in- a. Estuarine Waters. Thes@ waters are defined as all the fisheries and have aesthetic value. A large portion of the cludes ten a&es of new community development. New com- water of the Atlantic 6cean within the boundary of surface waters within the extraterritorial limits of Aurora munity development will be discouraged elsewhere because North Carolina and all the waters of the bays, sounds, provide public rights for navigation, recreation and of the severe limitations for foundations and septic tanks, rivers, and tributaries tAereto seaward of the dividing sports fisheries. and land classified as "community" will not be receiving line between coastal fishing waters and inland fishing In the one-mile planning area, the following creeks rTiunicipal water and sewer services in the near future. waters, as set forth in 'an agreement adopted by the have been classified as public trust waters: all of South Wildlife Resources Comm6ssion and the Department of Creek upstream to an unidentified point out of the plan- 1 4. Rural Conservation and Development filed with the Secretary ning area, Bailey Creek from the mouth to a point 11/2 a. Rural One. This is land which is mainly hardwood of State entitled "Boundalry Lines, North Carolina Com- miles upstream, Whitehurst Creek from the mouth to a forests and should remain in its present use for several mercial Fishing Inland Fshing Waters, revised March 1, point 1112 miles upstream, and Broomfield Swamp Creek reasons. This soils in this classification are ideal for the 1965," or as it may be subsequently revised by the legis- from the mouth to a point 1-1/8 miles upstream. production of hardwoods but ill-5Uited for most other lature. Estuarine waters @vithin the Aurora planning area Appropriate land uses: Any land use which interferes uses. This land also provides the best wildlife habitats in include all of South Cre@k inland to Deep Hole Point. with the public right of navigation shall not be allowed. the area for several species of game animals including Appropriate land use: All estuarine waters within the The building of piers, wharfs, marinas, or bulkheads to deer, racoon and rabbits. Also, land left in this use will Aurora planning area will be preserved in their natural prevent erosion shall be allowed in appropriate loca- provide a visual and partial noise buffer around Aurora. state. Bulkheading to prevent erosion and the building tions provided that such uses will not be detrimental to No buildings should be allowed except for those asso- of piers or wharfs wher@e no other feasible alternative the biological and physical functions and public trust ciated directly with maintenance of the land. exists may be allowed within estuarine waters provided rights. The development of navigation channels in these b. Rural Two. This is land which is currently in agricultural that such land uses willbot be detrimental to the bio- public trust waters is not essential because of those al- or forestry use and should remain in one of those two logical and physical estuarine functions and public ready existing and will therefore be prohibited. Other land uses. Conversion from one of these uses to the trust rights. Such prop6sed projects may not have.a projects which would directly or indirectly block or im- other should be allowed. However, forested land should negative impact on exist Iing navigation channels, shore- pair existing navigation channels, increase shoreline only be timbered in units of a maximum of 50 acres, pre- line erosion, water circulation patterns, water quality erosion, deposit spoils below mean high -tide, cause ferably less. In addition, agricultural land in this classi- standards, shellfish waters or deposit spoil below mean adverse water circulation patterns, violate water quality fication is well drained. Farm residences and farm build- high tide. The developr@ent channels within the plan- standards, or cause degradation of shellfish waters are ings should be allowed in these areas. ning area will be prohibited because of the existence of generally considered incompatible with the manage- c. Rural Three. This classification is unrestricted as to use an adequate system unless such system is proved in- ment of public trust waters. within the rural classification, i.e. farming, forestry or adequate in the future. d. Prime Wildlife Habitats. These areas are places that sup- mining will be allowed. It is presently land that is under b. Wetlands. This land is defined as any salt marsh or other port native plants or animals, rare or endangered, within cultivation or in forestry production. These are lands marsh subject to regularoir occasional flooding by tides, the coastal area. Such places provide habitat conditions that require less protection because of their location including wind tides (whether or not the tide waters necessary for the survival of existing populations or and physical characteristics. Additionally, this is land reach the marshland areas through natural or tropical communities of rare or endangered species within the which is adjacent to areas that will probably experience storm tides). Coastal W@etlancls described as "other county. In the one-mile planning area of Aurora, habitat major land use changes. New farm residences will be coastal marshland" exist on both sides of South Creek conditions exist and sightings have been made of several discouraged in these areas. and in large areas along Bailey Creek to the north of endangered species. Two 3-4 foot alligators were sighted Aurora. They are composed mainly of black needlerush in a canal inside the town limits in the spring of 1975 These rural categories distinguish Aurora's plan from other (Juncus roemerianus) an Id common cat-tail (Typha lati- and two osprey nests (one to the south of the town on plans developed under the Coastal Area Management Act folia). This marshland type helps to slow down shoreline South Creek and one to the north on Whitehurst Creek) guidelines. Aurora officials and planners felt there was a erosion and the marshlarid to the north of Aurora is es- have been identified by the local wildlife protector. In critical need for a determination between types of rural land pecially important in absorbing water from storm tides, addition, this area provides habitat for Canvasback because of the importance of rural land in the coastal area thus acting as a buffer to the town. Ducks and the Red Cockaded Woodpecker, both of and because of the potential for strip-mining in Beaufort Appropriate land use: In.the case of the marshlands in which have been sighted in the area. County. For this reason a more detailed analysis was made of the one-mile area -surrobnding Aurora, all marshlands Appropriate land uses:- These areas will be -strictly -pre- those lands in the rural category. will be conserved in their present state. Sufficient sites served in their natural state to protect the habitat con- already exist for water access without breaching marsh- ditions responsible for the continued survival of the 5. Conservation lands. Locating such water-related facilities as boat respective plants or animals. A// habitats in this area are Lands placed in the "conservation" classification are those ramps, piers, docks, and marinas in marshlands may be adjacent to or located in marshlands which lends even lands which should be maintained essentially in their natural justified in the future only by changes in land use de- stronger support for conserving these areas. state with very limited or no public services provided. These mands or community de@@Iopment objectives, but in no e. Flood Prone Area. This area consists of the 100-year areas are composed of five conservation categories known case shall the allocation exceed the capacity of the flood plain which is the area of shorelines extending in- as fragile areas. Many of the fragile areas in the following list marshland system to sustain losses without harm to the land from the normal yearly maximum storm water level are under study by the Coastal Resources Commission for estuarine eco-system. to the highest expected storm water level in a 100-year possible designation as Areas of Environmental Concern. c. Public Trust Waters. These waters are defined as ocean time period. Development within the floodway may in- Before any fragile area is designated, however, public hear- and estuarine waters PIU5 coastal streams, tributaries crease the potential of flood damage and unreasonably ings will be held. It is essential, therefore, that you read this and lakes in which the public may have rights of navi- endanger life and property. section carefully so that you can discuss the issues at the gation access, recreation or other public trust rights. In public hearings regarding Areas of Environmental Concern. addition, these waters support commercial and sports SECTION VI: Now that you have read this Synopsis of the Aurora Land Use Plan, you must be wondering '@ hat is left to do. Well, there is plenty. We all recognize that changes in life style, the environ- ment, and economic pressure 1: s can make the most carefully developed plans obsolete atl'some point. In light of these possible changes, we must continue monitoring the com- ponents affecting land use through the Aurora planning staff and planning board. Aclclition@@Ily, a complete review of the plans and a new goal-setting process will be held at least every five years. We, the citizens of Aurora, 4re mindful of development pres- sures in this area and we intend to guide growth rather than react to unguided or un Jesirabie growth. In this regard, the plan c is an attempt to define the "" ublic interest" as identified by p local citizens and local officials. For Aurora's planning process to continue to be a success and@for our town to become a better place to live, each of'us must take part in its planning. The success of the Aurora plan to date is due to the extensive and unselfish efforts of Aurora citizens for which the town 'is extremely grateful. Particularl we are grateful to the junior Woman's Club and the Lion's Club for distributing this Synop- sis. Hopefully, even more citi:,ens will join in future planning efforts in the town's behalf. T-his work cannot be left to the elected officials, but must be[shared by everyone of Aurora's citizens, young and old, rich and poor, black and white. Already we'are seeing the re!@ults of our projects to better our community. An $800,000 addition to the existing high school is nearing completion; a HUD gr iant will be used for a new com- munity center in Aurora; a new medical facility has been approved which will provide 'a full time doctor and nurse; a Community Development Block Grant is being used to rehabili- tate 30 units of substandard ho @'sing and to provide accompany- Y ing services like water, sewer And street paving; a local devel- oper is building a drugstore, deptist office and a new restaurant; and a town manager's position, has recently been approved for Aurora. These accomplishments are wonderful but continued involvement will be necessary, if We expect to steer our own course of orderly and beneficial development. @Your Mayor, Grace Bonner This report was financed in part by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Coastal Plains Regional Commission, and the State of North Carolina; and meets the requirements of the North Carolina Coastal Area Management Act of 1974. US Department of Commerce 3 6668 14111073 6 NOAA Coastal Services Center Library 2234 South Hobson Avenue Charleston, SC 29405-2413