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W~ate rf ro t Public Access: Design Gu~ Aines HD 266~4I 4N W38~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- - 7 1 989~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-' This document was Prepared under contract with the New J ~~yDepartment fEvrnmna.r Divisio n Of Enioneasta Protection, Diviionof oasal esources, Bureau Of Coastal Planning and Development. The report wa Prepared wi~~~~~the fiena wihfnncial assistance of teU.S. of 4 � C o m m e r c e N a t i o n a~~~~~~~ i ce a n i c a n d A t m o s p h e ri c under the provisions of the FederalCotlZn Management Act, .L. 92-582, as amended. ~~~~~~~~I 7P~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I I Waterfront Public Access: Design Gur elines Pro~ rty of CSC Library New Jersey Department of Environmental Protectior Division of Coastal Resources U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NOAA COASTAL SERVICES CENTER 2234 SOUTH HOBSON AVENUE n CHARLESTON SC 29405-2413 ,'~ ,~- Prepared by The Fellows Read Organization ~~~~~~S~~~~ ac~~~~~ , , I~~~L Ks "New Jersey's coastal resources hEc:,e given us an unequaled maritirme heritage and summer playground. TI y alsQ,, have placed upon us !a responsibility tot, ensure that tls common wealth is protected for ti-)e SI� benefit of all." Commissioner Christopher Dagi-tt April 1. 9 ., 1 ' i. Acknowledgement i Departmen ,, Environmental Protection DiviiSo -astal Resources John R. Weii ;art, Director Steven C. W- tney, Assistant Director Will Berson, "'aPject Manager Martin McHuc i, Esq. The Fellows>-ad Organization Maryjude H PWeller Project Planner/Manager Linda Barie, Pt jcLandscape Architect Robbin Bergfo Michael Dorum~ K Gordon Maura Beth Steven W Thomas Zetku Laser Faire PubiKhing Tarry Truitt * .-.3,tA , |I TABLE OF CONTENTS F . ..~~ . _ ___ 56 Design Standards Introduction General Design Guil lines 56 Walkways 57 Chapter 1 - New Jersey's Shore and Waterfront Bikeways 59 Geographic Scope of Manual 1 Boat Launch Ramps, 62 What is Public Access? 1 Boat Docks and Pies! 64 Benefits of Public Access 2 Shore Protection St~rctures 66 Value of Design in Removing Conflicts 3 Dune Walkovers 68 Handicap Access Rnps 71 Decks, Boardwalks, 'rid Viewing Platforms 75 Chapter 2 - Legal Issues Restroom Facilities ~ 77 The Public Trust Doctrine 5 Litter Control ' 78 It State Authority for Public Access 7 Lighting 80 Local Authority for Public Access 9 Seating 82 Liability ,, 11 Parkingnage 8 Signage 84 Special Design Areas Chapter 3 - Acquiring Public Access Critical Areas 85 Methods for Acquiring Public Access 13 Wetlands 85 Real Estate Methods 13' Beaches and Dunes 87 15, Regulatory Methods 14 Erosion Hazard Are 89 Financing Public Access 16 Steep Slopes and C :i-.al Bluffs 90 Endangered or Thre, ,-i':ned Habitats 92 Chapter 4 - Design Guidelines Site Design ;' Chapter 5 - Maintaining Public Acc :e Oceanfront - Natural Shore 19 Maintenance , 93 Oceanfront- Shore Protection Structures 23 Public Information and Er .-cation 96 q Inlets 27 Getting There 97 Bayfront - Wetlands 29 Bayfront- Filled Water's Edge 33 Chapter 6 - Planning For The Futur,: Marina 35 Further Action 99 Marina with Upland Development 37 For More Information 101 Urban Waterfront - Residential or Mixed Use 41 .- . Urban Waterfront- Industry 45 Urban Waterfront- Water Dependent / Bibliography Water Oriented 49 Rivers - Non-Urban Waterfront 52 i:i INTRODUCTION Waterfront Public Access: Design cases u -lding the right of public access Guidelines is a guide to public access along provide F., basis for the State's actions and and to New Jersey's coast. The manual has policies c ialing with accessibility to the coast. been prepared as a reference for local Local go':-nments, as creatures of the state, governments, private developers, and others are also ,-ponsible for providing access to who are interested in providing or utilizing waterfror i:Sarks and beaches. access to New Jersey's coastal resources. "AcqQ ;ing Access," the third chapter, is a I New Jersey's 753 miles of shoreline are a summar ,of ways to secure access at precious recreational and environmental waterfroisites. Acquisition need not be an resource in our densely-populated state. Their outright I chase of land which in New Jersey resource value is much greater than just the may be , ost-prohibitive. This chapter area known as the shoreline. Because access suggest her techniques - both real estate , to these areas in turn provides access to the and regi tory - by which access may be vastness of our oceans and rivers, public provided access points are the Doorways to a huge .:' water park. Chai four is the "design chapter" of the manual. i his chapter is divided into three The manual presents background and sections: 3ite Design, Design Standards, and design information dealing with the public's Special Design Areas. right to waterfront access, how it is provided in i s New Jersey, and design concepts for both In the, first section, concept designs are ensuring substantial access and minimizing presented, for waterfront public access at potential conflicts between private landowners private development sites and public park and the general public. The manual is land. De;lopment scenarios for each type of organized in a concise, understandable format waterfronri<tcation are considered, including to make it useful to the widest possible oceanfront: , inlets, bayfronts, marinas, urban audience. waterfroK:s, and rivers. These concept i designs rc ',?esent design standards which are The first chapter provides a background -- to be us- as guidelines in approaching a where and what is ."New Jersey's Shore and waterfror : public access situation. The Waterfront." The chapter explains what public designs c -c not meant to be site specific, but access is and why we should provide and should be onsidered as possible solutions to maintain it for our citizens. help max: >;:Ze public accessibility along New Jersey's v 'erf ront. Chapter two is an overview of the legal issues surrounding the right of public access to the waterfront in our State. The Public Trust Doctrine and the New Jersey Supreme Court IIIIII _____________________________________IIII I.J �~ INTRODUCTION In the'second section of the chapter, Chapter five concentrates on "Maintaining design standards are provided for key Public Access" once it has been put in place. elements of waterfront access. These are Alternative maintenance arrangements are illustrated with schematic drawings for suggested in the forms of government walkways and promenades, bikeways, piers, agencies, homeowners associations, citizens boat ramps, docks, shore protection groups, land trusts and others. These structures, dune walkovers, handicapped maintenance arrangements address the issue access ramps, and decks and viewing of continued funding for maintenance of; platforms. Other elements - signage, trash waterfront public access. Public information receptacles, parking, and restroom facilities - and education about New Jersey's waterfron are not unique to waterfront public access resources, as well as the subject of "Gettin! sites, however, specific factors relating to a There," are included in the discussion of ho waterfront location are coriidered in to adequately maintain public access. developing these standards. Selected photographs show waterfront structures and Chapter,six concludes the manual with facilities where examples exist. summary of how far we have come providing public access to our coastal resources and discusses the actions whichl.' The third section deals with special design have been recently initiated to enhance access considerations associated with coastal areas. to the New Jersey shore and waterfront. Herei .. A brief discussion of each of these critical recommendations are made for continuedc areas is followed by suggestions for efforts to improve accessibility to this valuable :' environmentally-acceptable design solutions recreational resource. A reference guide "foci for public access at wetlands, beaches and more information" about the issue of waterfrorn dunes, erosion hazard areas in high velocity public access is included. J'' wave and flood zones, steep slopes and bluffs, and endangered or threatened wildlife or vegetation habitat. 'i' NiI Chapter I New Jersey's Shore and Waterfront. 22-1~~~~~- I~~~~~~- logi n-. _ ~~~~~~~I Ogo; lk;,R 1U~~~~~~~~~~~Rl I - III111 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~11Im R I lf /4~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~el NEW JERSEY'S SHORE AND WATERFRONT GEOGRAPHIC SCOPE OFP' ~ANUAL jurisdiction only over tidal waters of the WHAT IS PUBLIC ACCESS? state, some of the design solutions or The geographic scop. of this techniques for enhancing access to Public access is defined by the manual includes the entire N w Jersey tidal waters may serve as good Rules on Coastal Resources and coastal zone. It encomp -3ses all suggestions for waterfront design Development as "the ability of all tidally-influenced water bodies, along non-tidal water bodies such as members of the community at large to including the Atlantic � oan, the lakes, ponds and the'non-tidal portions pass physically and visually to, from bayshore, and the waterfront, areas of of rivers. and along the ocean shore and other tidal rivers. waterfronts" (N.J.A.C. 7:7E-8.11). The administrative rules;aind legal The ability to enjoy the ocean, requirements discussed throughout the bays, and rivers is directly related to manual apply to the coaal area, the ability to reach them from the defined in the "Rules one Coastal uplands. The ease or difficulty Resources and Developmenib as: encountered when entering and making use of the waterfront is an . ... Under the jurisci ion of essential component of public access. the Coastal Area F!cility ~ s. ,~, Review Act (N.J.S.A. 1 j9-4), The intent- of the Coastal Zone all other areas now or rmerly Program in requiring public access to flowed by the tide, sheands I the waterfront is to share with subject to the Wat "front everyone the special value and Development Law, re~ lPatedmPln" benefits of our state's public waters. It Wetlands listed at N.J. . 7A- is to make available the calming sound 1.13, and the Hac misack of the ocean surf, the warm feel of Meadowlands Deve, :ment sand underneath barefeet, the joy in Commission District as refined . At catching the evening's meal, the by N.J.S.A. 13:17-4" A.t.A.C. City delight in seeing colorful sailboats 7:7E-1.2(b)). cruising along the horizon, and the ^^iif A) "peace humans naturally associate with Although the New Jers_-'- Coastal being near water. Zone Management Pra .;:am has Add _1_ 1 T.Mrcr . NEW JERSEY'S SHORE AND WATERFRONT BENEFITS OF PUBLIC ACCESS people visit the ocean shore between beach w the ability to enjoy the Memorial Day and Labor Day. An experienr:e. Beaches and other Historically the ability to cross annual total of over 1 million anglers - private property to reach the water's try their luck for bluefish, bass, edge was not an issue of concern. flounder and a wide range of other Very little waterfront property was species of fish and shellfish on the ;o , developed and fewer people traveled ocean and bays. Boating has become to visit the shore area. Today, New an extremely popular pastime, with Jersey's waterfronts are experiencing over 150,000 boats registered in the great popularity. People travel from a state in 1987, and increasing every wide region to come to our beaches year. and rivers to recreate and enjoy the ,w pleasures of the water. Considering the varied array of pleasures and activities, it is not surprising that New Jersey's coast is a favorite vacation spot. Tourism is the state's second largest industry, gm... producing $7.7 billion of revenue in the ' summer of 1987. A large portion of waterfrorg access points should this tourism is focused on the coastal include Aiments which facilitate zone. Its appeal, however, is enjoyabl" 1 recreation, such as inextricably tied to the availability and adequatearking or public transit, attractiveness of the waterfront areas. restroomsireasonable fees, places to As more individuals move to coastal eat, show 'Ks and changing rooms, as communities and flock to waterfront well as a;'j:ess policies which do not areas, the needto preserve and discrimine! :. The oceans, bays, and increase points of acc6ss has become rivers are ipecial resources, meant to an ever increasing issue of be shared :, the many, not guarded by importance. the few. New Jersey's waters are popular for boating, fishing, swimming or Meaningful public access simply sunbathing. Over 8 million incorporates the freedom to use the i -? NEW JERSEY'S SHORE AND WATERFRONT VALUE OF DESIGN IN REIP VING The value of good design is CONFLICTS BETWEEN UYRS immeasurable when one considers the psychological, sociological and New Jersey's waterfint is as economic benefits of waterfront varied as the people using" it. While accessibility. Aside from the obvious the approach to designig public sensual and spiritual pleasure derived access is equally unique, thwre are two from an attractive environment, basic issues that must be atiressed in thoughtful design can greatly reduce each case. ~ potential hazards (i.e., vandalism) and encourage greater usage. High-quality * the need for colnsistent design will attract more users, gain design standards "upled more attention, and ultimately promote with site-specific cr1ieria; and further developmenit of public vane accessways. * the needs of various user groups and avoid.-Jnlce of Waterfront property is at a premium potential conflict :6.ween in New Jersey and access to it is the groups j highly desirable. Understandably, the ' i,.4' potential for conflict among users is The design concepts,:?iovided in great. Conflict can be minimized this manual illustrate possiQ&! solutions through proper design. The success, to specific scenarios. Th(!guidelines of well designed waterfronts are meant to eIncoi age an developments lie in their ability to environmentally sound, aethetic and combine public and private space consistent approach to ~etablishing while adding to the excitement of public access to our wate-onts. It is waterfront activity. important to remember thi': each site is unique. The solutions i4ovided are not strict formulas to be"applied to every site, but rather a !ase from which ideas should spring. i:l A.I~~~~ , 3 V ItIA j Chapters I' I Legal Issues -tA it / Ii 44 it - '1 - , -./v4A$i4-.a A I 4% %4AIk * - I I 3$' I A', 4 ii A I tk6- in '"A tA Arj' -A'' A 3', A.'t, A %x: VK+-t <d&- K: 4,,' � 'V K I t LEGAL ISSUES THE PUBLIC TRUST DOC`RINE - THE HISTORIC RIGHT TZijUBLIC ACCESS The Public Trust Doc tie has its roots in 13th century Engj Common Law, and is based on the [nciple that every citizen of the coJonwealth owns an equitable prope;interest in all tidal-flowed lands.lands- were transferred from the wn to the colonial governors, the resp insibility to hold the lands in trust was.hs -ansferred with them. After the American Revolution, when the coloni's became states, the public trust becro Nee vested with the states. Thsm modern application of the Public Trt Doctrine stands for the principle: at lands which are tidal-flowed are be held by the state in trust for public. Among its duties as trusteyf these The Public Trust Doctrine established the public's right to access tide flowed lands. lands, the state is obligate. protect the public's right to fish and j3vigate in and access of these flowed lands. The ability to gain access to them. In the the waters which flow over ;' m. doctrine, however, does not convey past two decades, the legal the dry sand portions of the beach or relationship of the upland areas to the From time to time, the~late sold uplands to the state. These areas can water's edge and the public trust the lands below the mean fgh water be either privately owned or owned by doctrine has been the subject of line to the owner of the adr icent dry a public entity, such as a municipality. litigation in a number of New Jersey sand beach.. Despite their 13ale to a cases, some of which reached the private entity, the public trc: doctrine The public's right to utilize tidal- New Jersey Supreme Court. These protects the public's right `tc,--ave use flowed areas is directly related to their lawsuits resulted from increased �II5 LEGAL ISSUES development and privatization of Deal, 78 N.J. 174 (1978), and ocean utpers must be open to coastal upland areas. It has become Matthews v. Bay Head Improvement all on e terms and without increasingly difficult for members of the Association, 95 N.J. 306 (1984). preference and that any public to reach the water's edge These Supreme Court decisions have contrari; state or municipal because the upland dry sand portion of helped shape the modern action is impermissible" (61 the beach is privately owned and interpretation of the public trust N.J. at 318-309). physical barriers have been placed to doctrine, and have allowed public , prevent the public from reaching the entities to legally protect the public This rulik 'was reaffirmed by the water. rights that are associated with public Court in 19I?'.i41n Van Ness v. Borough trust lands. of Deal ware the Borough had In addition to physical barriers, restricted Lmss to a portion of their there have been cases where In 1972 in the case of Borough of public beai, known as the Deal municipalities and local property owner -Neptune v. Borough of Ayon-by-the- Casino, e exclusive use of associations have attempted to limit Sea, the court held that a municipality residents ar property owners. The use of recreational beaches to their could not charge higher fees to non- Court held tP. Deal could not abridge citizens and members by methods residents than to residents for use of or limit the, Public Trust Doctrine by designed to exclude outsiders. In the its municipally-owned beaches. In its hindering itcess or by making majority of these cases, New Jersey analysis, the court found that beaches alternative bkl hes open to the public. courts have ruled that these actions owned by a governmental entity must violate the Public Trust Doctrine, in be equally accessible to all members More recely in 1984, Matthews that lands which should be available of the public. The court decision v. Bay Head provement Association for the general public's recreational stated: supported ache Avon and Deal use were being appropriated for the decisions. ne Matthews court held benefit of a select few. at least where the that under th4: public trust doctrine, the upland sand area is owned by rights of pri ate beachfront owners Three New Jersey Supreme Court a municipality. -. a political must give we, 1 to some extent, to the cases have set legal precedents for subdivision and creatOre of the public's rig" tIo have "reasonable establishing and maintaining public state - and dedicated to public access to thea." access to public trust lands including beach purposes, a modern the following: Borough of Neptune v. court must take the view that In Matti .:ws, the beachfront Borough of Avon-by-the-Sea, 61 N.J. the public trust doctrine landowners A:the Borough of Bay 296 (1972), Van Ness v. Borough of dictates that the beach and the Head leased ,,heir private property to 6 *,!#Qku, LEGAL ISSUES the Bay Head Impit'mement In 1987, much publicity surrounded Although the decision impacted the Association, a private entity 'k,,ich was the United States Supreme Court's California Coastal Commission's operated in a public manrnr. The decision in Nollan v. California flexibility in creating beach access, the Improvement Association m;intained Coastal Commission (107 S.Ct. 3141 decision did not invalidate the public's and policed the beaches on ;'ehalf of (1987).). the case was brought by the right to access tidal-flowed waters. the property owners. Us;"i of the Nollan's who had obtained a permit The case simply reiterated the beaches was restricted to EB;y Head from the California Coastal standard rule that government cannot residents and guests duing the Commission to replace a bungalow require private property owners to summer months. style building with a new, larger home dedicate land for a public use unless ?h' s i on their beachfront property. The the dedication will solve a problem The most significant asp'i!t of the permit which was issued contained a created by the private landowner. decision was the court's relance on beach access condition,requiring the not only the quasi-public nature of the Nollan's to permit public access across Bay Head Improvement Assciation, the beachfront portion of their property. STATE AUTHORITY FOR but on the unique important of the PUBLIC ACCESS public's right of access to tAf shore, The Supreme Court's decision regardless of ownership. ',1,e court invalidated the beach access condition The public trust doctrine stated that under the 'pub ic trust' because the provision of public access establishes the basis for the public's doctrine, "the public has a nrt to use across the Nollanrr's property would not right to access of tidal-flowed lands. the land below the mean ave e high solve a problem which they had ,, As part of its duty to administer public water mark..." (95 N.J. at ~ , citing created. The Coastal Commission's trust lands for the benefit of the public, Avon, 61 N.J. at 309). "In Brder to reason for requiring access along the the state as trustee has the exercise these rights guara jeed by beach was because the new, larger responsibility to assure adequate the public trust doctrine, tg public home would block beach views. The public access to New Jersey's oceans, must have access to mu-rcipally- Court found that there was no bays and rivers. This duty is manifest owned dry sand areas . . reasonable relationship between the in the Federal Coastal Zone Enjoyment of rights in the foreshore is problem caused by the Nollan's new Management Act of 1972 (P.L. 92-583, inseparable from use of y sand house and the solution imposed by the as amended), the New Jersey Coastal beaches." (95 N.J. at 321, 322, citing Coastal Commission. Zone Management Program, Lusardi v. Curtis Point jroperty completed in August 1980, and the Owners Ass'n 86 N.J. ) . 7, 228 New Jersey Shore Protection Master (1981).) Plan of 1981. 7 MI~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~t ___ l LEGAL ISSUES I ; The Federal Coastal Zone Jersey Coastal Zone Management T. resource policy which Management Act, passed by Congress Program, formulated pursuant to the spec ically addresses the need for in 1972 and substantially amended in Coastal Area Facility Review Act (P.L. pub - access to the waterfront 1976, recognizes the importance of the 1973, c. 185), recognizes that the requr;,.)s that all coastal development coastal zone and the need to coast is a national recreational prov -: public access to the maximum strengthen public protection of coastal resource and considers recreation exteFi practicable (NJAC 7:7E-8.13). resources. The Act encouraged states uses to be equal among competing Each: shorefront development proposal to take the lead role in coastal uses of the coastal region. It is a basic musti'sddress ten policies relating to management. The Act states that: coastal policy to have at least one accedi. These ten policy statements waterfront park in each waterfront are [!fined in chapter 3 under Coastal "The key to more effective municipality, while public access to the Dev[ pment Permits. and water resources of the development whenever feasible. Federal Coastal Zone coastal zone is to encourage Man ement Act requires each state the states to exercise their full The Coastal Resource and casl [program to develop a planning authority over the lands and Development Policies form the process to identify public shorefront waters in the coastal zone by substantive element of the Coastal area& appropriate for access or assisting the states . . . in Management Program and serve as protEation, assess the effects of developing land and water use the basis for all State coastal permit shorine erosion, and study ways to programs for the coastal zone, decisions. These policies are divided contr :- the impact of such erosion including . . methods and into three' categories: (1) Location (P.L. "�583, section 305, (b) (7&9)). processes for dealing with land policies consider the characteristics of and water use decisions of a specific location within the coastal F(B: decades, New Jersey has been more than local significance." zone, such as wetlands; (2) Use enga a:-.d in shore protection. Since (P.L. 92-583). policies determine which land uses are the 1I~20's the State has been offering most appropriate within the coastal finan: aid and technical assistance to zone, such as housing or marinas; and help j~orefront municipalities forestall In response to the federal (3) Resource policies focus on shorc ine erosion. Over the years legislation, the State Legislature gave controlling the effects of development conc~rn for beach protection has jurisdiction over the coastal zone to the within the coastal zone, such as grow; with the cumulative effects of New Jersey Department of maintaining public access to the coasall storms and increased Environmental Protection. The New waterfront. wate:.- nt development. l8f~tib.-F LEGAL ISSUES In 1977, the voters of" e State for this requirement is to insure that park planning efforts with those of the approved a $30 million Bea&ihes and the public, who pay for the project, are state and county. Harbors Bond Issue; and in "978 the able to benefit by using the beach Legislature passed the Bea*hes and areas that are the subject of a beach Over 51% of New Jersey's Harbors Bond Act (P.L. 197'., c.157). protection project. waterfront is owned by municipalities. The Act directed the Depa!tment of As landowner of a majority of Environmental Protection to/prepare a waterfront lands, municipal "comprehensive beach proti'Jon plan" LOCAL AUTHORITY FOR government has an overwhelming to serve as the basis for sp i 'ding $20 PUBLIC ACCESS opportunity and obligation to provide million for beach restoration, waterfront access through parks and maintenance and protectiorn:acilities, The Coastal Zone Management public spaces. projects and programs. Program has eight major policies. One of these policies is to "promote public Direct ownership of waterfront land The Shore Protection VM;ster Plan access to the waterfront through linear enables a municipality the greatest was prepared to provide a :ohesive, walkways and at least one waterfront flexibility in determining how to comprehensive approach to the park in each waterfront municipality." develop a waterfront park. In many problems of shore protecti',i and the The success of this particular goal is oceanfront towns, the entire beach is basis for allocating state furning. The dependent upon commitment from held by the municipality. Under these Plan is implemented throug:ihe Shore local governments to implement it over circumstances, a linear park along the Protection Program 'Rleaes and time. entire waterfront may be most Regulations (N.J.A.C. 7:w j), which g appropriate. Where a municipality provide for a 75% match of ate funds There are several ways in which a owns only a portion of the waterfront for shore protection proje; municipality may implement the public land in the town, those parcels which access policy within their borders. are under municipal control should be The expenditure of stat ionies for Property which is owned by the well-planned to maximize the protection structures carrine with it a municipality may be set-aside for park advantages of the waterfront. requirement for public accep to these development. The municipality's areas. Municipal and counry govern- master plan may incorporate a long- Waterfront lands which are not ments must demonst, ate that range open space plan for waterfront owned by a public entity should adequate public access will be public access on both public and incorporate public access when they provided along the area eff ed by the private lands. The municipality may are developed by private interests. shore protection project. Tt rationale also coordinate their open space and Regulatory mechanisms may be ii~~~9 LEGAL ISSUES , utilized to achieve either linear access a variety of other reasons. along the water or well-placed access Communities having waterfront points where the public may reach the property should designate these areas waters edge. for land uses which encourage public access and protect the sensitive Municipal land use and zoning shorefront environment. As part of the ordinances may incorporate community Master Plan, a municipality requirements for adequate public can also incorporate a long term plan access to the water as part of the for developing recreation and park conditions of approval for site plans facilities. This plan should designate and subdivisions. They may also areas proposed for public recreation, incorporate design guidelines and ,and propose methods for long term development standards which acquisition and development. Through encourage public access elements and long-range open space and park discourage obstructions to the water, planning, municipalities may secure such as fences or walls. adequate public access into the future. Municipal power to plan and zone In addition to requiring waterfront is enunciated in the Municipal Land public access in their own local Use Law (N.J.S.A. 40:55D). This regulations, municipalities may legislation requires that all coordinate their open space and park municipalities in the State prepare a planning efforts with their county parks Master Plan which describes a department and state agencies, such cohesive land use plan for their as the Division of Coastal Resources, community. As part of the land use the Division of Parks and Forestry, and plan element of the Master Plan, the Green Acres Program. Various municipalities may set aside certain programs may be instituted by these areas for recreation and preservation. agencies which may help municipal These areas may be chosen based on government to achieve their own environmental sensitivity, natural waterfront public access goals. values to the general public, previous uses as recreation, unique location, or I I;~10 10 LEGAL ISSUES ,i . LIABILITY To alleviate the risks associated with public access when it is required The property owner is generally by the state, legislation has been responsible for accidents ~?hich may proposed to amend the Landowners occur to individuals while orn heir land. Liability Act of 1968 (N.J.S.A. 2A:42A- Liability, therefore, is . justified 2 et seq.). The current legislation only concern for property o;v,., ers who applies to rural and'semi-rural lands. provide public access act;oss their The proposed amendments would limit lands. the the landowners liability for injuries associated with sport or recreational The ever increasing :-amber of uses on all private property. lawsuits and rising i onetary settlements have made ; ,'5fficult for public agecncies, c: ch as municipalities, to affcr:l liability insurance. Commerciat -Istablish- ments, which invite the pu::i- i to utilize their site, would norr:-illy carry sufficient coverage to in.s -e against public injury, regardle: ; of the existence of waterfrort-; access. Individual property owi6ers and municipal government ,,nay not anticipate the need to carrm'!excessive amounts of liability insuince and, therefore, may be wary zf potential lawsuits. .i Chapter 3 Acquiring Public Access ',~ "'4~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~a ACQUIRING PUBLIC ACCESS METHODS OF ACQUIRINiUBLIC nent domain. In either case, the public price. A seller may choose to offer ACCESS must pay fair market value for the land. land in one of these two ways, to either a public entity or a non-profit organiza- The right of the public Ad. tilize the tion, in exchange for other benefits, waters of New Jersey is,:; Al11-estab- such as tax credits. lished. Every tidal water . ly carries pWLB i with it an obligation for putt F1,' accessi-ll l %:5: APH zOwnership of waterfront land in fee bility. The techniques or r thanisms simple by a public or non-profit entity is for meeting this obligation ,;,re some- l I go i the most effective way to secure public what more complicated. j -iaccess along the waterfront. Full own- ership of the land offers the most flexi- A variety of metho&d, may be bility for providing access. However, employed to convey and pr otect the this method of acquisition, unless public's right and ability: use and through dedication or reduced cost, is enjoy waterfront lands. M; ny of the also the most expensive. methods utilized in New Jercay involve legal aspects of real estatei: Another Property Easements secure a limit- approach to providing adeq! te public ed legal right to utilize some aspect(s) access is through regulatec mecha- of a piece of land. While fee simple nisms. The techniques mop,j frequent- ,,~ confers all of a parcel's legal property ly considered in New Jerse; re briefly rights, an easement affords its owner described in this chapter. the right to enjoy one element of the :4 , !t ~r U9 property, such as the right to walk across it. REAL ESTATE METHODS Easements may be acquired Fee Simple Acquisitior,, :eans the Access easements may be acquired to secure through the same means as those purchaser acquires all the .g3al rights a pathway from a public road to the beach. used in fee simple acquisition. An of property. A public es;i-ity may easement may be obtained through acquire ownership in fee -,mple by Fee simple ownership may also be eminent domain, an agreed purchase, purchasing the land frome ja willing obtained through dedication of land, at orthrough dedication. seller or through the exeroet.!. of emi- seller or through the exer of emi- no cost to the public, or at a reduced " In~:~." ! i13 "i I ACQUIRING PUBLIC ACCESS A particular type of dedication is chooses, but only for the term of the Tf Coastal Development known as a "conservation easement." lease. Permi.. oCoastal Area Facility Review A property owner may offer an ease- Act (C,' FRA), N.J.S.A. 13:19-1 et seq., ment on his/her land to a public or Long term leases are generally less the W:l.ands Act, N.J.S.A. 13:9A-1 et non-profit entity in exchange for the expensive than perpetual easements seq., eld the Waterfront Development assurance that the land will only be uti- and may be used to establish access- Law, .S.A. 12:5-3, are administered lized in a specific manner, such as ways for immediate use. Leases may by the vyision of Coastal Resources. farming or grazing livestock. also provide a short term public access Permri-,, are issued subject to the solution while a longer term method is Rules' n Coastal Resources and The conservation easement may being developed. Devel mnent (the Rules), N.J.A.C. be for the entire parcel of land or for a 7:7E-h Rt seq. portion of it. In either case, flexibility to use the land is limited to specifi&c REGULATORY METHODS Am g the Rules, which deal with terms. If those terms specify that the many � pects of coastal development, land is to be utilized'for public access In addition to the purchase and are a ,ries of policies regarding or public recreation, this type of ease- dedication of property rights for public "publi !ccess to the waterfront" ment could be as valuable as fee access, public agencies promote and (N.J.A.;.- ::7E-8.11). Public access is simple ownership. preserve public access through regula- definects "the ability of all members tory mechanisms. The permitting pro- of the ?Ymmunity at large to pass Easements "run with the land" (they cess is utilized at the state level to physically and visually to, from and are not removed when the land is sold) ensure that the public has access to along ?e ocean shore and other and may be put in place in perpetuity. shore and waterfront areas. The waterfrf :its." Acquisition of an easement is general- Division of Coastal Resources, through ly less expensive than fee simple and the New Jersey Coastal Zone Ten :Specific policy statements IS may be very effective in securing Management Program, administers within t'+e Rules address the need to public access. several coastal permit programs and provide ccess. These are re-printed incorporates a specific requirement for on the tr"it page. Long Term Leases transfer the public access. Municipalities may use legal property rights from the original their land use planning powers to owner to the purchaser for a specified secure public access to the waterfront period of time. The leaseholder may in their towns. then use the land however he/she 14 a F~s ACQUIRING PUBLIC ACCESS 1. Coastal developmer,-djacent 4. Public access must be clearly would create a safety hazard to to all coastal waters;, icluding marked, provide parking where the user. Physical barriers or both natural and d :eloped appropriate, be designed to local regulations which unrea- waterfront areas, shasi;provide encourage the public to take sonably interfere with access to, perpendicular and lin-� access advantage of the waterfront set- along or across a structure are to the waterfront to , ie maxi- ting, and must be barrier free prohibited. mum extent practical:: includ- where practicable. ing both visual and. :hysical 8. Development along the Hudson access. Developm.;nt that 5. A fee for access to, including River must conform with heQ limits public access 'and the parking where appropriate, or Hudson River Walkwav: Plan diversity of waterft: -nt ex- use of publicly owned waterfront and Desion Guidelines, a report -i periences is discourag-;. facilities must be no greater prepared by Wallace, Roberts than is required to operate and and Todd for NJDEP, 1983 and 2. All development adj.,..ent to maintain the facility and shall which may be obtained from the i - water shall, to the maximum not discriminate between resi- Department's Division of extent practicable, ~-rovide, dents and non-residents except Coastal Resources. within its site boundary, a linear that municipalities may set a fee waterfront strip acceisible to schedule that charges up to 9. Development adjacent to _ the public. If there is a linear twice as much to non-residents coastal waters shall provide waterfront accessway n either for use of marinas and boat fishing access within the provi- side of the site and it i,,Inot fea- launching.,facilities for which sion of public access wherever sible to continue it '.: ,hin the local funds provided 50 percent feasible and warranted. boundaries of the sitei a path- or more of the costs. FOX way around the site c�i`necting 10. Development adjacent to ii to the adjacent parts,' >at poten- 6. All establishments, including coastal waters shall provide tial parts of the watert1;int path marinas and beach clubs, which barrier free access within the system in adjacent parls shall control access to tidal waters provision of public access wher- be provided. ; shall comply with the Law ever feasible and warranted by N Against Discriminating, N.J.S.A. the characteristics of the access 3. Municipalities that do iot cur- 10:5-1 et seq. area. rently provide, or ha- :. active IN plans to provide, acce to the 7. Public access, including parking Source:"RulesonCoastal Resources and water will not be ei, rble for where appropriate, shall be pro- Development" (N.J.A.C. 7:7E-8.11) Green Acres o if- Shore vided to publicly-funded shore Protection Bond fundif'lt protection structures and to waterfronts created by public projects unless such access ""_ s ' 15 " ACQUIRING PUBLIC ACCESS Any development along the shore investors and pays the principal and acqul:- :, with these public funds. Over or waterfront is subject to these poli- interest over a number of years, similar 20 mi ::- dollars was awarded in the cies. Any coastal permit issued will to a loan. Through this method, the 1987 t -.cal year. generally be conditioned upon provi- taxing power of the jurisdiction is sion of public access to the waterfront. pledged to pay interest and principal to retire the debt of the bond. Municipal Actions may serve to provide and protect access to water- State Funding programs are avail- front areas through planning and able through the State's Department zoning. Municipal government may of Environmental Protection for adopt land use ordinances which acquisition and development of require all waterfront property owners recreation lands. All state-funded pro- to provide access along the water's, jects are subject to a public access edge. requirement. In addition, waterfront land may be Green Acres oversees the Green zoned for uses which would not inter- Trust which makes low interest loans fere with public access, and the open and grants available to counties and space portion of any development municipalities for the acquisition or within these zones could be required development of open space for public A to be placed along the waterfront. recreation. An interested community These types of municipal conditions must complete an application, detailing could be enforced through the subdivi- their current open space and recre- sion and site plan approval process. ation inventory, and illustrating their proposal for a new or revitalized park element. FINANCING PUBLIC ACCESS Funding decisions are based on General Obligation Bonds are a tra- greatest open space need and imagi- ditional source of revenue used by native recreation solutions. Parks with Boardw: in Wetlands - The Open Lands municipalities to develop parks, waterfront access receive a priority Manage - ,.t Program provides funding for pri- schools and other public facilities. rating. Any municipality or county vate pro:er ty owners to develop amenities Bonds are instruments by which the which enters into a contract with Green which w take their land more accessible for government borrows money from Acres is required to provide public outdoor 'sreation. access to the lands developed or , 1 . 1all BACQUIRING PUBLIC ACCESS The Office of Natuil Lands Among the national and interna- Management recently begr?~ an inno- tional land trusts, The Trust for Public vative pilot project known -,' the Open Land and The Nature Conservancy Lands Management Proiam. The have been actively pursuing projects in Program enables private property New Jersey. At the state level, the owners to make their land B-ailable to New Jersey Conservation Foundation the public for outdoor activit;ies, while is dedicated to the preservation of receiving funds from thir State to ,, valuable open space specifically within develop and maintain tm `property. : New Jersey. Other trusts may be com- The money is to be usert's facilitate mitted to preservation of a particular outdoor recreation and'9 liminate type of resource, such as historic potential problems and haz;?ds for the structures and landscapes. Civic property owner. organizations and concerned citizens often form local trusts in order to pre- The funding may be 'used for Gazebo - The recreation component of the serve some aspect of their community. installing fences, providrn;l parking, municipal master plan should include water- planting trees and shrub.;< building front parks. Land trusts acquire property pri- recreation facilities suc Has boat marily through three methods- launches, or stocking a fisiW pond. In , (1) direct gifts, (2) grant money, and (3) addition, the money ca used to ,, direct purchase with monies raised pay for liability insurance; sociated through the trust's fundraising activi- legal costs, and mai Land Trust Organizations exist pri- ties. Corporations or developers may marily to preserve and conserve tracts choose to donate lands to a land trust Under the Open Lano Manage- of valuable open space for recreation. in order to gain the substantial tax ben- ment Program, an "acce 'venant" The scope of a particular trust may be efits. In turn, some trust organizations is drawn up between the S and the broad or narrow. It may be organized act as an intermediary, selling or giving landowner which specified how the at a state, regional, national or interna- the land immediately to a public funds may be spent and th'i period of tional level. One common key element agency for maintenance, while others time of the agreement. 'r~he land of all land trusts is their non-profit retain the land and maintain it for always remains in private Ownership status. Gifts of land or money to these recreation or conservation purposes. and renewal of the covenas entirely entities may, therefore, be tax up to the landowner. ' deductible. age Ii~d. Ia ; ; IIIIIII II, '17 tx '1 ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~Chapter4 -, 4W ~~~~~~~~Design Guidelines,4 lo~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~t M 44 -~~~4a B~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.~ DESIGN GUIDELINES OCEANFRONT - NATURAL SHORE LEGEND Design Philosophy Public access to the wet sand beach should be provided along the coastline of the state. The more corn- BENCH fortable and convenient the access, LI.HT FIXTURE the more useful it will be to the public. The primary objective on a natural %1 3 TRASH RECEPTACLES shore is to control pedestrian and vehicular access. Many sites will have SHrBM sensitive natural environments that must be protected from overuse. The PUBLIC ACCESS SIGN means of control must address the dynamic processes of dunes, native SHADE OR FLOWERI TREE vegetation and drainage. .~ IL:EVERGFIEEN TREE The ocean dunes are an aesthetic, ecological, and economic resource. DECKING OR BOARDWALK Access across the dunes must be restricted to preserve the delicate ecof-, BOAT ogy of the dune system. Protection and preservation of dunes is vital for protecting adjacent landward areas from the effects of major coastal storms. Structures, such as dune walkovers, provide access to the Iu_, waterfront while considering the sensi- tive nature of the dune system (refer to the "Special Design" section in this chapter). 19 DESIGN GUIDELINES OCEAN EMERGENCY /MAINTENANCE PUBLIC ACCESS SIGN OCEAN - NATURAL SHORE 20- DESIGN GUIDELINES Design Elements Facilities Access * Site furnishings should be pro- + Provide access to the , sand vided at areas that will accom- beach with the least :W nt of modate a large number of visi- disturbance to the ''atural tors. shore. * Adequate restrooms, showers, * Control access with snp. fence, and comfort facilities should be post & rail fence, elevee dune provided. walkovers, wood plankl9,,ts. * In parks or private develop- A gravel or compacted <,l base ments that provide more that can be used for v$ 'icular one accessway to access. shore, handicapped access * Vehicular access shouic-e pro- should be provided at those vided for maintenance,, trucks points that have dune walkovers and emergency vehicles. or other improved, passable Recreational vehicles Much as walkways. Every site must pro- RV's and boat trailersLIor off- vide for handicapped access. shore sailing should bAccom- modated where possibV - Handicapped access ?~ st be al> provided with dune W%1kovers and decks at the beac~T nd. * All public accessways- ould be designated clearly witf ignage. 21 DESIGN GUIDELINES OCEAN A~CCESS TOSAAL SEACH & JETTYj PUBL~~~~IC S~~~~~~~~~IG OCEAN - SHORE PROTECTION STRUCTURESI 22 DESIGN GUIDELINES OCEANFRONT - SHORTED ROTEC TIEANFRON STRUCT. "Public access, including parking where appropriate, must be provided Design Philosophy to publicly funded shore protection structures and to waterfront land creat- Although it is desirabl t ~strive to ed by public projects, unless public preserve a natural shorVe ae it is not . access would create a safety hazard to always possible. When %shr ;,re protec- users. Physical barriers or local regu- tion devices are necessary non-struc- lations which unreasonably interfere tural solutions to shoref el;~ erosion with access to, along, or across a problems are preferred .structural structure are prohibited " solutions. The design " nicept pre- (N.J.A.C. 7:7E - 7.11 (e) 1 iv, p. 190). sented here is applicable fi"rre a non- structural approach is not feasible or a shore protection structure sIS already in place. Key elements of thi,:ly pe of sit- r ,nr., ,","" ,""',"n. uation are as follows: * Structure protect's a water dependent use or ,l1ic recre- ation from erosion. ' . * - * It is consistent Wi?'H_ the New ,, Jersey Shore Proteeion Master Plan. { * Stone rip-rap and ilpped con- SECTION crete revetments Which allow vegetation are pref:rred over bulkheads. (N.J.A.C. 7:7E - 7.11 (e?, ":uctural Shore Protection, pp. 189-190)..! - I,, are. ' 21 23 DESIGN GUIDELINES p Design Elements Facilities � Provide shade structure, seat- ' ?? . : ~*:t".? ing, lighting, litter control, and landscaping (native seashore plantings). , Access * Provide access to beach and jetty from top of structure. � Screen linear accessways with berms and low plantings where , they abut private property. I * Screen perpendicular access- ways with a low evergreen hedge where they abut private property. * Clearly mark entrance to, accessways with signage and attractive plantings. Shore protection structures may be acceptable when they prr 2 a water dependent use or recreation area from erosion. Non-structural solutions to shc 4e erosion are preferred. 24 DESIGN GUIDELINES PUBLIC MOORINGS ALONG BULKHEAD~-~ WITH SIGNAGE & ATTRACTIVE PLANTINGS .~ii ~OCEAN - SHORE PROTECTION STRUCTURES 25 DESIGN GUIDELINES 'I~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~' FOOD~~~~~~~~~~~~~ OCEASSK COWONT ST~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~PIATEO PUBLIC ACCESS INLETS 26 (tIca: DESIGN GUIDELINES .- - INLETS Design Philosophy Inlets are narrow wate" . passage- l ways between peninsulas :, -through a Ati barrier island leading t* a bay or lagoon. Inlets are a centr.;? of activity for participants and s-:ectators. People are drawn to them :_-ecause of the constant parade of bO(.' or for the feeling of being at the ver, nd of the land. These edges ma:-*e natural with vegetation or with s: re protec- tion structures along exist'.- develop- ment. Where publicly funde': chore pro- tection structures are bul:. a public . accessway is required... iessways, along inlets, should connegvith linear walkways along the oceal's nt, where possible. Site amenities si -n as seat- Physical and visual contact with the water can be maximized by developing accessways parallel ing, lighting, trash recept fies, land- to inlets. scaping, parking and a c>.� fort sta- tion/food concession shoulk :be provid- ed. The parking area malv. e located adjacent accessways and the waters scaping, berms, grade change, or dec- perpendicular to the walkwayh separat- edge. These accessways should be orative fence, should be provided to ed by low shrubs, to pr- 'Ode visual well lit, provide ample seating, and be separate the public and private areas. access for passengers dud; g the win- wide enough to accommodate bicy- Signage posted at critical points could Along private develmonths. a public clists and pedestrians. A buffer, land- indicate the limit of public access. Along private developrer<t a public access easement may be ::ovided to 27 ,. ..' DESIGN GUIDELINES FDesign Elements * Separate public from private Access parking and post signage desig- * Limit access from private areas nating public spaces. to public areas to a few desig- * Provide parking along inlet nated points. Clearly highlight where possible to encourage these areas as focal points year-round enjoyment of inlet :2' along the public accessways views. with signage, plantings and * Minimize signage - use other street furnishings. more subtle ways to delineate Provide access parallel and per- public and private space. '1 pendicular to the waterfront. ,L * Maintain visual access. Avoid a Facilities obstructing views with exces- * Site furnishings such as bench- sive plantings or structures. es, pedestrian scale lighting, lit- * Accessways through natural ter receptacles, drinking foun- wetlands or other sensitive tains, and public telephones areas should present the least should be provided along public disturbance practicable using accessways. Additional ele- walkovers and winding around ments such as restrooms, food existing vegetation. concessions, shade structures + Obstructions to the channel, and picnic areas may be includ- such as docks or moorings, are ed. not permitted. * Design should improve upon, or * Minimize disturbance to natural be consistent with, existing ele- shores; control access in these ments on site and in adjacent areas. public accessways. * Adequate restoom and comfort Parking facilities should be provided. * Provide public parking spaces at entrance to public accessway or easement. 2828 , DESIGN GUIDELINES BAYFRONTS- WETL S and providing a critical habitat for All development, public and private, plants and animals and a vital transi- must consider the sensitivity of this Design Philosophy it tion area between land and water. For critical environment. Coastal wetlands W ~as are the these reasons, it is crucial to protect most environmentallyn' fuable land the wetlands while encouraging the Public access through the wetlands areas within the coastal.: ne. They fill enjoyment of this, valuable resource. may provide educational and passive a valuable role in mairi ,ining water An access corridor should be sought recreation needs. A wooden walkover quality, stabilizing the -;crastal zone, that will allow access to, along, and to the water's edge, and possibly a through bayfront wetlands to the maxi- decked overlook, would allow people 35s �a mum extent practicable with the mini- to enjoy the variety of flora and fauna mum disturbance possible. available in wetland environments. Visual access is the primary use of _i~ ffi \ Gobayfront wetlands; therefore, all efforts should be made to enhance and pre- serve views of the buffers, wetlands and water in their natural state. PRVATE , -s.:? 12' DEVELOPMENT LANM;iOAPE PUBLIC BUFFER ZONE WETLANDS BAY BUFIW .4R ACCESS '~,, ',1BAYFRONT- WETLANDS 29 DESIGN GUIDELINES4 VIEWIN PLATFORM ~~~ILL COMFORT STATION/ PRIVATE DEVELOPMENT I ~~~~~~~~~~~BAYFRONT WETLANDS 30 DESIGN GUIDELINES Design Elements Facilities go.:Access Facilities Access Views of the water acc:.s the wet- * Provide access perpendicular * Improved walkway surfaces, lit- lands are the primary form ":J access at and parallel to the waterfront. ter receptacles, benches, this type of waterfront. :-l; rovements * Link new development with pedestrian scale lighting where in bayfront wetlands: hould be adjacentwaterfront accessways appropriate, signage, parking, designed to preserve a.: enhance wherever practicable. and handicapped access should these valuable views. * A clear delineation of spaces is be provided. necessary where public access- * All public sites should accom- Wetlands a�k ways cross private develop- modate "day trippers" with ele- * Any construction) ,X the wet- ment. Design elements such as ments suchas parking, lands must be tr' a water berms, plantings of native vege- restrooms, handicapped dependent use. tation, changes in paving or ele- access, public telephones, pic- * A buffer line, or wt:lands limit vation, decorative fences or nic areas, an educational center line, must be clearly delineated walls, may provide an attractive or nature walk, and bicycle by elements such; as parallel separation. racks. accessways, chan.:1 in vegeta- * Walkovers through the wetlands * Structures that provide shade, tion, or change in sM. iation. should be no more than 6 feet such as picnic shelters, gaze- * The buffer zone sk. jld be veg- in widtlh to minimize coverage bos, arbors and pergolas, allow etated with native neits. over vegetation and benthi visitorstogather and rest. They .; ~ habitats. can be used at focal points * All areas should be handi- along linear accessways and at .capped accessible. intersections between private capped accessible. * Provide bicycle access along It - -, 'i linear accessways. ', i. + Create nodes along linear path- way for pedestrians. 31 DESIGN GUIDELINES BAY 0 y ~~~~~~~~~~PUBLIC ACCESS PUBLIC BOATti LAUNCH COMFOR~~~~~~T PUBLIC ACCESS SIGN BAYFRONT - FILLED WATER'S EDGE 32 DESIGN GUIDELINES access, only those uses which take Water oriented uses BAYFRONT- J maximum advantage of such a * developments that serve the FILLED WATER'S EDGE ;i location should be developed. Only general public and provide water dependent or water-oriented Design Philosophy water dependent or water-oriented direct access to the water; Design Philosophy uses should be permitted along the * hotels or restaurants which "The water's edge aloeis . . . filled water's edge.. All develop- takes full advantage of the New Jersey's shore, ba; s and ment along this valuable shoreline rivers is a highly valued, yet mited, should provide uninterrupted water- assembly plants which utili resource. Waterfront Ic- Nations front public access where possible. water-bornely plants which utilize water-borne transport of materi- offer a rare combination (/i ~aturals. features and opportunirN',s for Waterdependentauses waterborne commerce a ..recre- E-3.16 * marina activities requiring Certain uses do not encourage atFilled boatering."(Poicys Edge) access to the water, such as the public access and should not be locat- The filled water's edge) vides commissioning and decom- ed at the filled waters edge, such as: The filled water's edge p!ovides missioning of new and used a valuable opportunity to g~,t right missi ng next to the water without endaenger- boats; * housing; ing environmentally-s~e. sitive � boat repairs and short term * hotels & motels; !-!a , parking for boats; � warehouses-; areas. Although future fillidii along parking for boats; � warehouses; waterfronts is not enceoi&aged, * storage' of boats that are too * manufacturing facilities (except those areas which exi! ioffer large to be transported feasibly"' those which receive and quickly tremendous possibilities fohiA water- by car trailer; process raw materials by ship); front recreation and acc, and * rack systems for boat storage; * dry boat storage for small boats; should be designed to ta maxi- * industries such as fish process- * long-term parking & automobile mum advantage of theater's ing plants and other industries junkyards; edge. which receive and quickly pro- * parking lots; cess raw materials by ship; * non-water oriented recreation Design Elements * commercial fishing operations; such as roller rinks and racquet- * port activities requiring the load- ball courts. Since waterfronts witt % filled ing and unloading of ships; edge are limited and es,,cially * water oriented recreation. valuable for expandeco,"water ______ _________ , '33 _ isi 3 DESIGN GUIDELINES TRANSIENT BOAT SLIPS FUEL & PUMP OUT STATION aT~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ k 'I lmlnmnu~l((~lklllY Afll rJ 4=., (BI~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~l= n~~ ~ ~O (i n 111111111111111 U11 P1111IC111111RS11 MARINA .10 ~LIC BOAT ~1NHRAMP nil; lul ~~~~~~~~~~~~CONNECT WITH ADJACENT _ PRO9~~~~~NADE il~~~~7O1~~~I 11 1 - - ~~~~PROPERTIES ~~~~~~~~~~~ PUBLIC PRORWHADE m ~~~~~~~~~OFIE Y II OFFICE ~GRAVELLT 1=~~ ~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ lii 1111 #~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ARKING LOT PUBLIC PARK ACCESS' TO STREET ~ OAGE (= c~~3 6~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ �-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~i DESIGN GUIDELINES MARINA may be situated near those three ele- Design Philosophy ments for potential boat rentals/sales i Design Philosophy and security reasons. A marina performs at least two key functions: it provides docking space A park pavilion or restaurant with for boats and, more importantly, it public restrooms should be centrally located. As with any public place, all immerse themselves actively in a lively water environment. The most desirable A pleasantly landscaped seating area location for a marina is adjacent to a would be ideally located near this pub- waterfront park. The relationship of lic structure. Seating should be provid- park to marina allows a full-range of ed on the public piers, along the water- iei ~stimuli - the excitement and thrill of front promenade, near the marina swatching boating activity, the extension office and restroom facilities. Other site watching boating activity, the extension amenities such as lighting, trash of open space, and beautiful views. The least desirable place for a marina receptacles, and landscaping create a would be near heavy industrial areas more comfortable environment for or environmentally sensitive lands (i.e., pedestrians and limit potential prob- ...., : wetlands). lems. 1� :' ~ A full scale marina has an array ot An important issue to consider . h components: public/private piers, when designing piers is the interface of A/nbreakwater, boat launch, dry storage public and private space. Rather than breakwater, boat launch, dry storage i~area, fuel dock, pump-out, parking, resorting to offensive fences and area, fuel dock, pump-out, parking, ;;? marina shop-office, restaurant/ gates, subtle manipulations of eleva- restroom facilities and numerous site tion and widths of decking can be used amen ities. Although the a ctual layou t to deter the public from using more pri- of a marina is variable, the relation- vate sections of the marina. If a pier ships between certain elements must designated for public use extends far be ma intained. For ease of circulation, into the water and allows visual con- the boat launch, parking area and dry tact with marina life, then the potential storage building should be located conflct between public and private near each other. The marina office space may be avoided. 35 DESIGN GUIDELINES Design Elements * PF %jX restroom facility (may be Public Boat Launch si!. 'd with marina) * Locate adjacent to parking area F- -d concession (may be * Should not interfere visually or sit ---d with marina) physically with pedestrians * S-. amenities - benches, * Slope for ramp 12% - 15% "liA iing, trash receptacles, land- * Warning barrier (gate) i ng Parking Marir;i * Locate no more than 500' - 600' * 0- le located near entrance to from piers r!h * Recommend 0.6 to 0.8 spaces ntalsandsales per boat slip . 4 Fc concession/restaurant * Boat trailer parking * Porous pavement preferred New or expanded marinas must include Deck- a Piers * Landscaping- shade trees, adequate pump-out facilities. � P,:;ic piers minimum 6' wide shrubs -*� Pr te piers should be 4' wide * Direct access to boat launch Pump-Out ate separation of public area for easy maneuvering * Provide at least 1 pump-out at a private space by grade every public marina ch ge, decreasing width of every public marina Dry Storage Area * Provide pump-out facilities on a r t and signage. * Locate at far end of marina siter maximum 6' wide * Landscape to soften appear- demand Wi: e-up fortransient boaters ance of building mass * Locate away from boat slips * Pr Ade benches on public piers * Receptacles for toxics, i.e. oil. * Locate whereitransient boats wh: ?e space allows * PL 'c promenade along waters may use (e.g. at fuel dock). � Pt: !c promenade along water's ~~~~~~~~~~~~~Fueling Area enui-, minimum of 12' wide * Locate away from boat slips Public Park Facilities * Pr ide ample seating and * Minimum 2 boat stacking 4 Adjacent to marinas * Fuel dock shelter * Picnic areas * Licing -pedestrian scale and bo; -rds - 36 DESIGN GUIDELINES ,~:["Gu sMARINA WITH UPLAND DEVELOPMENT Design Philosophy Marinas attract great numbers of people; both boaters and non-boaters. The excitement of marine activity and the innate quality of the water are nat- ural attractions for the public. When private lands abut a marina, special provision must be made to ensure public access to this valuable water- front resource. L; ! In the case of adjacent residential Innovative design solutions should be utilized property, there is a potential conflict of to create separation of public and private use. The interface of public and pri- spaces, without intrusive fencing or signage. vate space can be managed effectively through careful, thoughtful design. ?h,,, ~The building configuration could beg/ Public and private spaces within s';k!;l:g manipulated in a way that private the marina can be delineated using 'U , space is contained and easily defined, similar techniques. while views of the public waterfront are maximized. Subtle grade changes, . landscaping and discrete walkway lay- out could be used to delineate public space. Marina facilities, boat launches, parking, restaurants, office and rest rooms, should be grouped together and buffered from the upland develop- ment. NONE �. 37 DESIGN GUIDELINES ---..~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Mi ~11A WITH- UPLAND DEVELOPMENT MATN LAUNCH STACKING PROMENADE PUBL~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~IC PARKIING ~~~~~~~~~~~~OPEN 38 DESIGN GUIDELINES Design Elements Residential Separate public a.al., private spaces using grade ;hanges, landscape buffers, lrd subtle entry points. * Buffer should be a miiimum of 10 to 15 feet wide. i11j * Private open space ~,it.ould be inwardly focused. Public Boat Launch * Locate adjacent to pa;i::ng area * Should not interfere :i:Sually or physically With pedesl;ns * Warning barrier (gatel * Provide stacking dis-, Ace and turn around for a mgnium of 2 PRIVATE P U LI PROMENADE cars/boat trailers. il- ,ESDEEt^L !'M 10' '- I . ' J M 10 ._ Parking , MARIA * Porous pavement pre;"red. * Distinguish between -:iblic and p1 private parking areas with sig- nage. � * Landscaping shs:e trees, Marina Facilities * Restaurant/food concession. shrubs. * Provide at least one pump-out * Public restroom facilities. * Access to boat launch Tea. at every marina, located away * Public and private piers. from pedestrians and boat slips, * A percentage of boat slips must _ :; if possible. be for public use. * Marina office/shop. 39 ~',mi #~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~, DESIGN GUIDELINES OVERLO URBAN - MIXED USE IC PIER SARN WATERFRA11 PROMENADE *SHAV-- 51REES, SHRUBS *SEAT: PS *BENC 1'~!, LIGHTING. LIT'JER CONTROLU *COt& - WITH. ADJCENT PROPERTIES GARAGE II I~U 40 U.. ~~~~~~~~~~PUBLIC ACCESS SIGN v:: l; DESIGN GUIDELINES URBAN WATERFRONT -- to move through spaces. Where land RESIDENTIAL OR MIXED LIE is available, a park adjacent to the DEVELOPMENT promenade should be planned to expand on the recreational possibili- Design Philosophy ties. A mixed use urban %,'~aterfront A mixed use urban combiterfront useIf designed thoughtfully and with a development comptbines bad ustes balance of public and private space, which are compatible, but nece the community of residents, shopkeep- sarily similar. Mixed uW, ^ievelop- ers, and patrons may coexist harmo- ments are able to provide . :,,;rny bene- niously. The opportunity for interaction fits through their diversit',;p�:nd their fbitsy throuhtheir diversit p cnd their among people within these spaces cre- ability to combine public '-:d private ates a stronger sense of community, ates a stronger sense of community, spaces. Elements of If 'cessful while the existence of a neighborhood mixed uses may include o. !nmercial, residential, and recreati A water presence along the waterfront creates a positive perception of security. front location may enhance ;.e attrac- tion of this type of developm� it. Making waterfront publics: ccess an integral part of an urban Ixed use v development helps to ens&u? its suc- cess. A waterfront prornei :de and park will afford residents, hoppers, workers and neighbors from the sur- rounding community an o; 'Aunity to enjoy the water-oriented -!::vities. A promenade which is wide eiough to accommodate strolling, E::- ~ctating, lunching and jogging will ,d" people of all ages to the wats -s edge. Excitement is generated y taking advantage of the propensit>;i-of people a_ ~~~C6~~~~ir~~:�: SI7~ �41 DESIGN GUIDELINES URBAN- RESIDENTIAL An 'rban waterfront development s _OVER.LOOK which: primarily residential in nature should .:cus on the separation of pub- lic and :srivate spaces. Potential con- flict ca, be avoided if there is a clear ;_'0 (>TERRACEp,. .' *;, delineae.tn of space along the perpen- '. "dl:Ta k\Eli~. �� � _STAUANT ' dicular' -'d linear accessways. ThJpildings should incorporate PUBLIC A LKW' privateS i'ierior open spaces and court- =� ~ ')>�6 yards ao their architectural design. Entryw~>s into private spaces should be con0i ricted and inhibit strangers from er :,ring. The perpendicular access should i be dir iR with clear sight lines to the waterfrint or other focal point. If a restaum!:nt or other public feature is OPEN � " . ~~~~~~~~~SPACE * located lodng the waterfront, it should be witih - sight of passersby. ...:... ,t ,. A s ,nic overlook should be incor- �1 "'* "' Z t \ s sporate i.to the public promenade. An axial rc: -ionship may be established with 0t -;perpendicular walkway to draw p le to the waterfront. 3 PARKING OFF-SITE t ALLEE OF TREES, SCREEN PLANTINGS, PUBLIC ACCESS SIGN 42 .' -i: I DESIGN GUIDELINES _ __..__ - Design Elements A typical mixed use de !.':'opment located along an urban �:/:terfront would include certain ele.:ents as described below. In instans,;s where the mixed use developmet.: encom- passes an existing pier, the pr;menade element should be continued ilong the Amiga perimeter of the pier. The Promenade * Continuous along wat. -s edge * Connection to adjace: nt water- front developments * Elevation change for S atial sep- aration (public/private * Ample seating (benck~ ,, steps, walls) 1 . * Decorative lighting :)ollard s, COMMERCIAL FIRST FLOOR PLANTER DECKED pedestrian level) RESIDENTIAL UPPER FLOORS STEPS 'PROMENADE * Barrier railing-minint of 42" height * Scenic overlooks * Provide life preserversn- * Decorative pavemet::-~-texture and color to coi' 3lement architecture * Landscaping-shad" trees, shrubs, annual flowers * Site elements should ,. , consis- tent with mixed use dev[elopment 43 DESIGN GUIDELINES Waterfront Park Parking * Connection with promenade * Locate at rear of development * Location on pier or along away from the water water's edge * Minimize surface parking , * Site elements should be consis- * Locate spaces beneath tent with promenade buildings � Seating and other site furnish- * Valet parking for restaurant to ings minimize vehicles on pier or * May be a private or municipal along water's edge development * Screen parking areas U Retail, Residential, Restaurant ! Lnscp prin::es � Landscape parking areas- Retail, Rshade trees, shrubs, ground- � Separation of public and private cover U spaces with grade changes, buffers, plantings Signage 1' U * Avoid unnecessary "NO" signs � Located at entrance to develop- * Retail space should occupy first ment and at perpendicular floor of buildings; accessible to accessways patrons � Located along promenade andi * Restaurant should be water-ori- park ented with outdoor dining space � Utilize public access logo * Housing units located in upper t stories for mixed use develop- ment � Visually reduce architectural mass by stepping back succes- sive floors * Provide private outdoor residen- tial areas on terraces and rooftop gardens 44~~~~~~~~~~ DESIGN GUIDELINES URBAN WATERFRONTS - the design problems must be -i INDUSTRY addressed individually. Ideally, both perpendicular and parallel access Design Philosophy should be provided. With a water- Historically waterfronts often were dependent use, parallel access may devoted to waterepent industries end where public intrusion would con- flict with the industrial operation. At and existed primarily as ports. Wand exi sted primarily as ports. valuedthat point, a pedestrian node should be Waterfront property was valued largely created providing benches, a shade A*4g for its utilitarian contributions. Only in structure, an overlook to provide views structure, an overlook to provide views -r ~ the past several decades has society thepasth valuecof he socet of the water and industry (if appropri- recognized the value of the waterfront as a public recreational resource. As ate) and other site amenities transportation has become more land- space would act as a terminus for both based, the importance of water travel the perpendicular walkway and water- and associated ports has diminished. front promenade. The perpendicular path should be well lit, inviting, and have signage to indicate public Today, industrial uses on the water- front present, a difficult situation for industries should have access to the waterfront public access. If the indus- pathway and waterfront. Where possi- try is water-dependent, often times ble, the waterfront promenade should public access is prohibited to ensure a..'~ ~ ~ , . ...be connected with adjacent properties safety. Views of certain types of indus- for continuous waterfront access. l ow!! ~try may be objectionable and necessi- tate screening. In other cases, such as with a ship-building operation, the dent industrial use, a linear waterfront dent industrial use, a linear waterfront level of activity and excitement may walkway should be provided. pique the public interest and visual Screening with evergreens may be access would be welcome, although necessary to eliminate unpleasant from a safe distance . necessary to eliminate unpleasant views of the industry and provide a visual separation between the public As with any situation, each industry and private use. and site has unique characteristics and Loga~ :. - --- 45 ,,.A, DESIGN GUIDELINES TO ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ D STRUCTURE3 AC ---N~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~TING ER CONTROLU 4-ACi( ',-,p FOR EMERGENCY IDUSTRY ANW ~INTENANCE VEHICLES (WATER-DEPENDENT)U EMPLOYEE. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ACCESS *SEATI4 PRKN *LIGTVMPRING BUFFER FMCA !IN PUBLIC ~URBAN -INDUSTRIAL ACCESS 46 ~~~SIGN DESIGN GUIDLINES Future industrial uses Vid be * Parking should be screened LinearAccess p restricted to existing urba. and/or from pedestrians * Continuous walkway along industrial areas. A marine, :,,source * Screen objectionable views of waterfront industry, such as commerce fishing, industry, highlight interesting * Connect perpendicular access p would have priority, and va uld be vistas or industrial components points (along roadway) encouraged to locate adjacert o exist- * Pathway should have a pleas- * Site amenities (lighting, trash ing port-related areas. New facilities ant, curving layout receptacles, benches) openwould be encouraged to vide ximize * Site amenities (lightingj, bench- * Signage indicating public f open space and provide vo~al and es, trash receptacles) should be access physical access to the water~fAnt, pro- provided at regular intervals * Separation between public and vided it does not endanger thau~blic. * Employee access should be private areas with evergreen s Design Elements * Provide an attractive fence + Security fence should be attrac- A variety of design elemenl should around industrial site for securi- tive (or well screened) and be employed for an urban i:dustrial ty and public safety provide penetration points d use. When industry interrupts the lin- * Landscape with evergreens, ear flow along the water's .e:e, it is shade trees and flowering trees important to provide a visup onnec- and shrubs, p! tion between the promernJe and access point. An easily ret-A'? izable Pedestrian Node I' element (architectural or natP!al) can * Terminus of perpendicular and p! help draw people to the wate4'`nt. linear access * Provide shade structure %r Perpendicular Access * Trash receptacles * Entrance should be .-viting, * Benches landscaped and have prominent * Leaning rail for fishing signage * Lighting * Parking should be locke.d adja- * Lighting cent to access points. * Parking may be shs. oits. * Screen objectionable views of * Parking may be snap li witn industry ndustry N __ _ __ _ ,_ _ __ __I _a_ 4 7 I t CI DESIGN GUIDELINES W~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~RNITH RESTA~~~~URBANT i PLATEZDPNDN WIT OUTDOOR~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. DESIGN GUIDELINES URBAN WATERFRONT Ti:ER nade may extend over the water in DEPENDENT/WATER-ORIE' ,ED areas where space is tight. Public USE access may take form in a waterfront plaza or park where there are more Design Philosophy spacious surrounds. A water dependent use �~rithin an urban setting could be a fupl service In any situation, provision should mari na, a public transportaf termi- be made for pedestrian comfort and convenience. Site amenities should nal, ferry rides for recreations, and a include lighting, seating, litter control range of industrial activ which and landscaping with consideration for depend upon the water for try:-sport or depend upon the water for t spo or handicapped and elderly individuals. power. This section deals wiV,,,ihe non- powinduster This section deals he non- The scale of the walkway and frequen- cy of benches and trash bins should ~~clude a reflect the expected traffic flow of an Water-oriented uses may i',,elude a urban environment. Vehicular traffic waterfront restaurant that prof;des out- and parking should be directed away door dining, a public park or w.alkway and parking should be d ireted away from the waterfront where possible. system. Public access, in th� form of sys tem. Public access, In tpre eorm of Access points should be located safely a linear waterfront promern9-. e, pro- at pedestrian crosswalks. vides the link between varioel, water- dependent or water-oriented , ;es and allows the greater public an i- :portuni- ty to take part in the experienl4 In a dense urban env,::. nment, space is valuable and musz ?e used wisely. Often the existing'. ad net- work, infrastructure and e: ildings restrict access at the wate.?r edge. Every effort should be made tc provide a continuous linear walkway : ong the urban waterfront. A decke-.� prome- .~~ - _ ___49 DESIGN GUIDELINES Design Elements Waterfront Plaza S~ "'age Promenade * Connection with promenade, � vocated at entrance to prome- + Minimum width of 16 feet in an public transportation and urban i'~de urban environment neighborhoods * Located along promenade and * Ample seating should be provid- * Ample seating Plaza ed in the form of benches, seat- * Water features � Utilize public access logo walls and steps * Site furnishing - lighting, trash � ,ocated throughout city to direct * Continuous along water's edge receptacles, bicycle racks, ':eople to water's edge * Link various water-dependent and water-oriented uses Landscaping -shade trees, B Dck * Elevation changes for separation flowering shrubs - to soften *) ransient moorings along prom- of public and private spaces hardscape and provide protec- ~nade * Buffer from vehicular traffic tionfromtheelements. Access to promenade for (grade changes, landscaping) aters Parking � Pump-out facilities * Decorative lighting - pedestrian Parkig faciliies scale and bollards. * Locate in parking garages away from waterfront * Barriers and/or leaning rail mini- from waterfront mum of 42 inches in height * Valet parking only for restau- rants * Landscape with shade trees, rants shrubs and flowers that with- * No off-street parking in front of stand wind, salt and city environ- waterfront promenade ments * Handicap accessible * Kiosks - information and food concession 50 : ., I, r Pon ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~DESIGN GUIDELINES .fl~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ PEOES ~ ~ MATMLN IMWOEDG 51m DESIGN GUIDELINES RIVE!-. - j NON. -:-:BAN WATERFRONT Desik- 'hilosophy T'; experience along a non-urban river .;,-.quite unlike that at the ocean, MRVER \ _ bay c: urban waterfront. Often rivers are ote, surrounded by woodland and My be difficult to locate. Yet they vtws #-j pprovik' a valuable resource to a public that ~eks a more private, peaceful -..E�.?G. pdATM. expe'ince. p Riers are frequently sought out by fishei-en, hikers and nature enthusi- asts. With only minor improvements, riverf :'ts may be made accessible to the Vader community - some peo- ple vH-o are reluctant to explore the rugged environment but are eager to enjoy lhe benefits. _, TlV;'--.h little effort and expense, a -T |~~~ - ~great �source can be made available L INVITING ENTRY WITH" to th:: public. Signage, posted at the PUBLIC ACCESS SIGN outlE: points, is a key element espe- cially 'when rivers are out of view. A clear .d pathway with minimal improve- menr-:, and some additional site ame :ities (trash receptacles and bent .aes) are the basic elements. 52 I ~~~I I I ~~~~~~~~:" :eI DESIGN GUIDELINES Lighting may or may not be necessary depending on proximity to nighttime population and expected use. As with any site, the existing char- > En9 acter of the place should be carefully ..:-,~ \ N xl ~sz~z- considered before any improvements are made. The beauty of a non-urban river lies in its natural form and sur- roundings. Any improvements made - Ko~ 5,ksXr~~ \~ ~should enhance that natural beauty A L , o ,_ �and not compete with it. Site furnish- -POROUS WALKWAY i\ % /ing should be rustic; benches made of split logs, wooden trash bins; the path- way intimate in scale with a porous surface loose aggregate or compacted ?CCESSTON O WATER = earth. Native plantings may be added to enhance views and provide focal points. RIVER , ;NON - URBAN RIVER 53 DESIGN GUIDELINES Design Elements Pathway _ * Permeable material- loose aggregate or compacted soil. f Pitch runoff away from river's edge * Minimum of 4 feet wide Additional space for seating i mn- areas and junction points * Provide a continuous pedestrden circuit * Provide more than one outlet point + Walkway should follow river's edge and occasionally meander ..... further into the woods to pro- vide visual and spatial interest * Paths should be located a few feet from river's edge so that the potential for erosion is mini- mized The opportunity to touch the water and actually get your ': wet is something most people desire, but are often denied. 54 DESIGN GUIDELINES Site Furnmishing ' Q * Furnishings should c nplement the natural environri,,'t * Benches should be p v wided frequently along pi!- Way and located to take advb;', age of RIVER views * Furnishings should b.2 clustered / PRAP together and set beJy from pathway * Litter control bins shouid be placed at frequent intc rvals * Lighting, if necessa,, should be pedestrian scale * Signage should be p,-. sted at access entrance ptO,: s Pedestrian Nodes l1 " * Occasional nodes sh-uld be created for visual a:. spatial interest ,ti' IARE Seating areas shou tbe estab- PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING a PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING lished at nodes ' * Direct access to the- , rater may be provided with sti -is. Steps should be made of . durable NON - URBAN RIVER material such as JN:-e * Tie-up should be parided at steps to allow cantcts access to the land 7i ii DESIGN GUIDELINES GENERAL DESIGN GUIDELINES It is important for all areas of public access to provide basic site amenities, ngu i.e., pedestrian lighting, seating, litter P M control, signage, restroom facilities, and parking. Inclusion of these elements should be considered at the early planning stages so all the pieces fit together as a logical, cohesive whole. Site furni- ture should be chosen in response to the character of the existing site, and with an eye towards reinforcing the design intent. Regardless of the scale, whether it be a simple path to the beach or a major urban mixed-use development, the elements that are incorporated into the design should carry the same message. The materi- al of construction and style of fumish- ing is often responsible for distinguish- ing a contemporary urban waterfront Promenades combine the key elements of parks in a linear ~.gn - seating, lighting, litter from a rustic riverwalk. control and activity points. Many urban promenades, in fact, ,-'e parks. In every case, the site amenities should be compatible with other design elements. The various elements should be grouped together to avoid cluttering the site. 56 DESIGN GUIDELINES _L.. - m WALKWAYS Pedestrian circulation is .;he most integral part of public access. Consequently, the design ard layout of walkways and promenades i,3, a critical i.1. element of public access. Dsigning a walkway should be more t::e,-,, a func- NI tional requirement. Thoughlt ,hould be - the various ways to imp;:rove it. Provision of site amenit{:;e, views, focal points and conveniences all add to the comfort level and ultirr:,;:e enjoy- ment of the space. ; Design Guidelines * Walkways should be ninimum of 6 feet wide. * The cross slope shiQ be 1% - i . . 3% depending on Fi: 'surface material. * The longitudinal sl, should PLAN not exceed 5%. * The walkway should ,.ch away from the water fo' surface runoff. WALKWAYS & PROMENADES * Loose aggregate ' .ould be used on secondary, .-alkways; hard paved surfac imaterial should be used on .-ior walk- ways. ;'11 -4=~ 57 X, '!I DESIGN GUIDELINES__N -- * ~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~'ipe setnshould be provid- 6-0 ~~~~ 5-O~~~ ..L I ~~~along walkways. Bicycle Lane Pedestrian "~~~~~ Area 'il walkways should be well lit. F * ?~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ash receptacles should be 4~ided along all walkways. * -te furnishings, including plant ',~naterial, should be located thna defined area so as not oobstruct the flow of pedestri- * ~aing reas should be located ltake advantage of the views.U *Il 1n t1n g should be set back trorn walk ways a minimum of 18 Inches.3 ------ ~ AHa'zardous plant material (poi- sonous, thorny, odorous, etc.) 4bould' not be located near SECTION - ~~~~~~~~~~ialkways. 58 DESIGN GUIDELINES BIKEWAYS ' " Bikeways - "Any roa,,;, path or way which in some mannet is specifi- cally designated as being c,. n to bicy- . cle travel, regardless of : Other such facilities are designated '. i:he exclu- sive use of bicycles o;r -ire to be shared with other trap;,portation modes." *Source: American Association oa: State Highway and Transportation C,-A Ils Design Guidelines * Bikeways should be, 3eparated from other transportation modes, including - l.destrians and joggers, whenever possi- -' ble. * Maintain views to :-.:errfront for bicyclists and pede:':ans. * The layout of bike') -ys should BICYCLEO take advantage of r. tural con- tours and features. - * Existing plant mateial should be selectively cleares?:. Mature healthy trees sho,,J be pre- served. * Supplemental plarn: ig should __ be placed at keys ', ations to provide a color ac&et or focal -- --= 59 DESIGN GUIDELINES point, screen objectionable � The steeper the slope, the more views, and create a more var- resting places that will be ied, pleasing visual experience required. overall. � Periodic resting spots should be strategically located to take advantage of views. � Signage along path and at the entrance to bikeways should indicate public access for bicy- 2c,0 cle riders only, where applica- MI1J. ble. ell * The bikeway surface should be paved with a material which is traversable even in wet condi- tions. Suitable materials may include: asphaltic concrete, - portland concrete or stabilized aggregate with sealant. � Pathway should be pitched OGE WAY TRAFFIC away from the water's edge. Drainage runoff should be con- tained in a grass lined swale, or stone gutter and directed towards a drywell. *5'wide paved path � Gradient along bikeway should � 2' graded surface, either side of not exceed 5% for long inclines. paved path In general: * 3' clearance typical for plant material, guardrails or other ver- Easy 0 - 5% tical elements Strenuous 5 - 10% * 8' - 6" vertical clearance for tree Difficult 10 - 20% branching 60 DESIGN GUIDELINES * 8' wide minimum paved path 8'-6" vertical clearance ,e4 *, 2' graded area adjacent to either side of paved path * 3' minimum clearance for plant material .!i' , I ' TWO WAY TRAFFIC * 10 - 12' wide paved path * 2' graded area unnecessary 3' clearance for plant material { 1ll 1 11 / .> j :. . ~* �8'-6" vertical clearance for tree branching '* 10- 12 [' j 'NARED BIKE - PEDESTRIAN PATH 61 DESIGN GUIDELINES BOAT LAUNCH RAMPS "Where boat ramps are conditional- ly acceptable, they must meet the fol- "Boat ramps are inclined planes, lowing conditions: (a) there is a extending from the land into a water demonstrated need that cannot be met body for the purpose of launching a by existing facilities, and (b) they (small) boat into the water until the cause minimal practicable disturbance water depth is sufficient to allow the to intertidal shallows or subaqueous boat to float. Boat ramps are most fre- vegetation." lP ~ quently paved with asphalt or con- crete, or covered with metal grates." * Source: N.J.A.C. 7:7E-4.11 (b) Boat Ramps. ... WATER LEVEL LOW WATER LEVEL OFT~s SLOPE I:2 .� ~~~6I DESIGN GUIDELINES Design Guidelines * Provide a maximum of 4 lanes per ramp. * Public boat ramps havwe priority * Provide a minimum of 50 pull- over private and restrih ,.d use through parking spaces of ramps. 30'x10' per ramp lane. � Boat ramps should r- con- * Holding slips or dock space structed of environ i:;r,4ntally should be provided adjacent to acceptable materials ~,~ch as launching ramp for boats wait- concrete or oyster shell. ing to load on ramp; minimum * Launching ramps shi eld be of 1 slip/ramp lane. located in sheltered wais only. * A boatwash to clean salt and * Clearly marked traffic ci::ulation dirty water from boats should be patterns should be esiU.lished provided near launch ramp between parking area, aunch whenever possible; one lane, ramps and boat wash6s, 30'x15', to accommodate car * Launch lanes should L- ; mini- and trailer per ramp lane. Pipe mum of 15 feet wide fo -:-multi- in fresh water from local supply pie-lane facility. main and provide flexible hose I * Single lane ramps shopl, be 18 of ample length to move around feet wide. boat and trailer. Drainage shall * Ramp surface should be <scored be handled at point of source I perpendicular to traffidc' ection and not permitted to runoff for additional traction. down ramps or to pond. * Ramp gradient should tb 12% - * Trash receptacles should be I 15%. placed near every boat ramp. * The ramp should extend ; mini- 'source: Timesaver Standards for Site mum of 4 feet below B' e low Planning, DeChiara and Koppelman, 1984. water level. and Time Saver Standards for Landscane * Maneuvering area shoed be a Architecture Harris and Dines, 1988. minimum of 80 feet in di0ieter. _ _ _ __ _ -- 63 DESIGN GUiDELINES BOAT DOCKS AND PIERS * Minimize interruption of natural . water flow patterns. Recreational boat docks and piers * The width of docks and piers floating on the water surface, which affects the amount of sunlight are used specifically for recreational penetration into the water and fishing and boating. onto the bottom. Minimizing the width and maximizing the spac- Design Guidelines ing promotes plant growth ' under the structure, and helps The interface of public and privait protect loosening of boards dur- space can be managed effectively ing high water levels and wave through thoughtful design. slap from undemeath. * Docks and piers built on pilings * Subtle changes in grade, or the will undergo ice heaving, fre- width, of docks and piers may quently leading to structural distinguish public from private damage, during thick ice condi- spaces. tions in areas with significant * Docks and piers cantilevered, tidal action. Normal length pil- floating, or built on pilings are ings need to be resunk annually preferred to those constructed due to ice raising unless some on fill. type of water circulation system * Pressure treated wood is the is installed or ice is broken up preferred material for the con- daily."* struction of docks and piers. * Cantilevered docks at a height * Minimize adverse environmen- above winter ice and tidal action tal impact to the maximum levels must be fastened to a extent feasible. bulkhead.* * Do not hinder navigation or con- * Dock width should not exceed 8 flict with overhead transmission feet except under unusual cir- lines. cumstances.* 64 DESIGN GUIDELINES * "Dock height abit water is determined by av':. age deck levels and probablet Yater level. Maintain a 12 in, minimum between water a~:.: bottom of deck."* !:' * "Cross bracing sh-2 iJ be mini- mized to avoid e ln~giement of swimmers."* * "Wood marine construction must be pressure tr_ :.:ted with a preservative. te,. -terborne preservatives are -,,commend- ed for decks beca us: creosote stains shoes and b:, feet. The preservatives must t' approved by the Environment>. Protection Agency."* * Floating docks shaogd be con- PUBLIC PRIVATE structed in sections -which can be easily lifted out �! the water. The surface should s9 made of wood planking or aluminum slats attached to buoyant base. Source: Architectural QG. sic Standards, Ramsey/Sleeper, 8th E3 .::;i. _- A..--eh~~~~ 3,�~ _ "aa8|"~ ~65 DESIGN GUIDELINES SHORE PROTECTION (G -ins may be constructed of the STRUCTURES OCEAN follovw _'dg: Shore protection structures often ; " S tacked sand or grout filled provide a hard edge to the waterfront bag s or wet sand beach allowing recreation Stonegabions access that may not have been possi- :.... :e+ Quarry stone ble on a natural shore. Fishing and ., - ongard tubes crabbing can be enjoyed from shore .. .heet piling: timber, steel protection structures such as jetties WETS' ' aluminum and seawalls. Bulkheads facilitate and rock: timber crib ber and rock: timber crib boat access and tie-ups. Most imp6&- t s i tantly any shore protection structure -MMONL ACCESSR must allow pedestrian access along ONGROIN A ?wall is a structure separating the top of the structure. �land :?j water areas primarily to pre- vent ::sion and other damage by Groins, seawalls, bulkhead avsion and other damage by wave action; similar to bulkheads but revetments are four types of shore pro- wav- i ion; similar o bulkheads bu jl ~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ #.'_typc,??y* higher and more massive. tection structures. Groins are shore protection structures built perpendicu- PMLIC WALKWAY lar to the shore to trap sediment and ON TOP OF SEAWALL retard shore erosion. , , OCEAN STONE GRAVITY WALL AS A SEAWALL 66 DESIGN GUIDELINES A bulkhead is a strut ::re that Design Guidelines retains or prevents slidingq i land or protects land from wave ;iamage. * Linear access along top of Bulkheads may be constru~. ed of the shore protection structure following: * Bikepath adjacent to seawall, revetment or bulkhead * Sheet pile - treate:i timber, * Perpendicular access from pub- steel, aluminum PLIC ' lic road to shore protection * Post supported - 2'.;:g wire WALKWA structure fencing and stacked 'i<ps, treat- AT TOP OF a Pedestrian lighting, benches, ed timber, untreated Ups, used trash receptacles where appro- rubber tires, and wocil posts priate and steel H-piles aner railroad *S, � Signage at entry point to access ties Longardties tubes (woven ~.1olyetSTONE REVETMENT way � Longard tubes (woven~polyethy- * Landscaping (shade trees and lene fabric tube filled we:h sand) native seashore plantings) � Miscellaneous bulki,; ads - along shore protection structure A revetment is a facing of stone, stac"ed us , concrete, or other durable material, crete pipes ' irl built to protect a scarp embankment, or shore structure against erosion by X" waves or currents. They may be con- ... PUSJ WALKWAY structed of the following: A OMKHEA� * Rubble (primary advantage is flexibility) * Concrete block Stacked bags or mats * Gabions - "-' * Source: Low Cost Shore Protection. A Prooertv Owners Guide, Army Corps of Engineers, 1981, Page 93. 67 DESIGN GUIDELINES DUNE WALKOVERS Design Guidelines Dune walkovers fulfil the require- * Dune walkovers should be con- ments of coastal policy for dunes. structed to avoid vegetation and Walkovers provide... "designated reduce disturbance. They access ways for pedestrian and autho- should meander between drifts rized motor vehicles between public avoiding the crests of dunes streets and the beach." They should traveling a maximum of half way cause... "minimum feasible interfer- up the contour of the slope. ence with the beach and dune system Walkovers may be protected to i and are oriented so as to provideAhe some extent from sand drift on minimum feasible threat of breaching the leeward side of dunes. or overtopping as a result of storm surge or wave runup; ..." (N.J.A.C. 7:7- 3.21 (b)ii). Dune walkovers provide essential public access to the wet sand beach, - while acting to preserve and enhance the natural dune structure. They allow natural sand drift and vegetation to grow as well as providing maximum control of pedestrian traffic to the beach. Walkovers may also be con- structed through other sensitive envi- ronments such as marshes and wet- lands providing access for both educa- tion and recreation. DUNE WALKOVERS 68 , X DESIGN GUIDELINES I , (MA x � Signage should be posted at ' both outlets to ca;ry public accessway. * The width she' d range _:-: between 6-8 feet tA, ilow sun- light penetration eath the Dune walkovers provide essential public access to the wet sand beach while acting to preserve EL deck for vegetation grow. An and enhance the natural dune structure. average height iove the ground should be 3-4 feet, although the actual height will Ramps with a maximum slope vary due to sand drip and exist- of 8.33% (12:1) for a distance of t ing topography. 630 feet should be used in place * All elevated walkways must have a 42 inch high railing. * Planks should be laid perpen- he4 Pbichacswy high ro-ig dicular to the flow of traffic with vide hand icappDed access. 1/4-1/2 inch spacing between boards. 69 g~~~-~veagehight~oveth DESIGN GUIDELINES * Provide landings or deck areas to prevent cupping and reduce at the end of dune walkovers for splintering. Paint and stain handicapped visitors to enjoy should be avoided since they the beach and shorefront. present a maintenance problem. * Construction materials should * All hardware on deck surface be pressure-treated or rot-resis- should be counter-sunk and tant wood, free of cracks or made of hot-dipped galvanized splinters with an unfinished sur- steel. face. Lay heartwood face down 70 Il I DESIGN GUIDELINES HANDICAP ACCESS RAm, New Jersey is looking to California- our coastal state to the west-for an WOoo SLATS Over the past several de- :ades, the innovative system of providing barrier BELT STRIPS rights of the handicapp�. to gain free access. "Wheelchair accessible access to public areas and 9creation access has been provided within the facilities have gained incrsea4d atten- Golden Gate National .Recreation Area tion and concern. Progres ilas been at Stinson Beach in Marin County over made in designing accesswa/ s for the soft unconsolidated beach sands by physically handicapped and he aged. installing a flexible, roll-out wooden Virtually all new public facili~t-is in New boardwalk. The boardwalk can be Jersey are now being designed to pro- easily removed and stored during the L4 vide handicapped facilities., The New winter months, thus providing shore- -, ' Jersey BOCA Code (N.J.A.C', 5:23-7) line access without the high costs of - - : ' i.:;- mandates barrier free accrss to all repairing winter storm damage. public buildings, building sitesand por- .tions thereof, and the New Jersey The boardwalk is constructed of 1" .( I ) Division of Coastal Resouines, in its x 1" x 30" oak slats. The slats are permit review process, requires adher- attached near their ends to two long i .. ence to the BOCA code. narrow rubber belts, similar to the rock -- - - quarry conveyor belts used at Ano ,, Coastal recreationa1pcilities Nuevo State Reserve. The length of PLANK MATS throughout the United State re being the boardwalk is approximately 50 made barrier free accessin;. for the feet, and when rolled up is heavy physically handicapped and 'he aged. enough that it requires at least two In New Jersey, access to beaches is people to carry it. When laid out, the limited to a few public parks which pro- boardwalk is staked in place to prevent vide access only to the dry s:nd areas it from moving. Grading of the sand is of the beach. At Island Bech State usually unnecessary prior to installa- Park, however, creative designs have tion."* been employed to help t.~a handi- * Source: DESIGNING Accesswavs, capped to enjoy the water's e.ge. CASE Report, page 69. 71 DESIGN GUIDELINES fil~~ island Beach State park provides barriier free access to Rs beach with ramps and landings.3 72 DESIGN GUIDELINES !I,)~ ..... .ai~ ;� ,. -w Innovative design solutions should be developed to provide greater access to beaches throughout the State. 73 DESIGN GUIDELINES Outdoor accessibility should be provided for all people, of all age levels... ,- .-. ....-.. .......... and of all levels of mobility. Most importantly, accessibility must be con-. tinuous - from the curbside to the water's edge. Movable handicapped access ramps can provide the link often missing in waterfront design. By - --i-- - - providing handicapped individuals with more than a distant visual experie9,ce, they may share the pleasures orthe water. Design Guidelines * Deck boards should be placed .. .... perpendicular to the direction of traffic. * Spacing between planks should . .'. . :. - ... _ not exceed 1/2 inch . .. * Surfaces should be kept clear of sand and debris * Signage indicating handicapped HANDICAP ACCESS public access should be posted RAMP & LANDING at all outlets * Ramps greater than 5% must provide a handrail * Slopes of 8.3% ( maximum ) must provide level landings at 30 foot intervals. 74 DESIGN GUIDELINES DECKS, BOARDWALKS"I 'JD VIEWING PLATFORMS Decks, boardwalks a'J'i,: viewing platforms allow the public to access wet areas with the least ar.ccunt of dis- ! turbance to the e;, ;ronment. Overland flow of water uV!Jer raised structures may continue unimpeded and potential degradation 'd destruc- tion prevented. Several toes of trail , Agli , systems are possible and ainge from T primitive and inexpensb '-- to highly sophisticated and more cont.. The least expensive t is a cor- wetland crossing/moist duroy - logs laid side b. -ide trans- versely. Use should bi iimited to areas that are moist and t;ubject to occasional flooding. '. W" Ici w/WAaE1 A more sophisticated cpi :.Juroy may rIx , - Z - aN be constructed in wet ais. Wood ..j I _ decking may be placed o log sec- tions and anchored with do:.idmen into the ground. ;, E =- In areas of shallow water: it may be :o , MAN ON more desirable to raise th-r: rail above , F a1Kl C4o,5 La; the ground. This may be accom- plished using more frequent log sec- wetland crossing/shallow water tions and replacing full lengit log poles * Source: Patriots' Path, Miceli Weed Kulik, with 2' x 4's. 1975. 75 V~~~~~~~~~~~~~Ia DESIGN GUIDELINES A more elaborate system should be designed for marshy areas where water depth varies, and free overland water flow must be maintained. A boardwalk supported on piers or piles may be constructed in a number of ways. A railing should be incorporated if the boardwalk is over 2 feet above ii ground level. * Source: Patriots' Path, Miceli Weed Kulik, 1975. Design Guidelines ; i I ' Wood should be rot resistant and treated with chemical preservatives. * All wood members should be - maintained annually with wood swamp - marsh/crossing preservative. * Source: Patriots' Path, Miceli Weed Kulik, * Decking should be laid bark 1975. side up and pitched to drain. * Spacing of deck planks should be 1/4 to 1/2 inch. * All metal fasteners should be hot-dipped galvanized or alu- minum. * Railings should be placed at a 42 inch height above finished grade. * Trail width should be a minimum of 4' wide. 76 DESIGN GUIDELINES UI RESTROOM FACILITIE?': As a civilized nation, i_ .; an impor- tant responsibility to prov!C:7; 'he public ""-''" with a most basic amenity', restroom facilities. If people are to, 1nd pleas- ant recreation time away :': fi home, it I is necessary to supply- '-m with a-. minimum level of comfort. mny public park or promenade that d is a large population, should providee lleast one restroom facility for each" men and women. Equally importan';":. the prop- * Provision for handice -ped indi- Attractive, well maintained facilities should be located within easy reach of public accessways. viduals er Locate facilities wa. i a short Regular madistance of most hpervily used arhelps keep them'clean a sable for w ilDl areas .,* Restroom facilities may be com- * Maintain facilities .sho quently bined with a food or newspaper (resupply, clean, re concession, where appropriate * Architecture of build. -g should * Post signage to direct people to be compatible wrM the sur- facilities rounding area bined w ith a fw111sp 77 DESIGN GUIDELINES LITTER CONTROL In light of the mandatory recycling laws in New Jersey, consideration Litter is unsightly and will deter must be given to the way in which we people from patronizing a particular collect our trash. Every litter control area. Not only is it unpleasant to look location should be provided with four at, it draws insects, animals and can separate receptacles to contain the be a safety hazard. To prevent the various recyclables. (i.e., trash, glass, deterioration of public spaces, it is aluminum, newsprint) Each bin important that trash receptacles be should be clearly identified. A located frequently along public access- trash/recycling logo may be estab- . ways and at critical entry/exit points. lished to coordinate with the public Establishing a regular maintenandc access logo. A coordinated identifica- schedule, which should be based upon tion system should be used throughout i intensity of use, is equally important. the public access network. Design Guidelines * Distinct design, decorated, easi- ly recognizable, possibly bear- ing a public access or DEP logo * Provide four receptacles at every location for trash and recyclables (i.e., trash, glass, aluminum, and newspaper) 78 ;t' 8DESIGN GUIDELINES P3=U)d * Accessible to maintenance crews i i, I *l . i~ � Receptacles should be securely anchored to protect from wind, Avoid metal receptacles where .,1 ~ \ -'~'~';/~'~~'i~" |salt and sand are present Receptacles should have drainage holes if exposed to precipitation * Provide trash collection on a regular basis - depending on intensity of use * Vary the height of th-e 4 recepta- ,,t cles for visual intereo:,� , * 'All four receptacles- :ould be of the same style * Locate receptacles, all public access entry points :--d at regu- lar intervals along a. .ssways * Must be accessible ;o handi- capped people � 3 foot maximum heii. to top of receptacle * Semi-open containe' prreferable for handicapped pe rs ls 79 DESIGN GUIDELINES LIGHTING .:m;'ea lighting is used primarily to .Lillu-,:ate large areas such as parking "The purpose of outdoor lighting lotl: An appropriate pole height may include: (1) improving the legibility of var ,?rom 16 feet to 25 feet. critical nodes, landmarks, and circula- tion and activity zones in the land- �d-level lights are best used for scape; (2) facilitating the safe move- a pe-,trian areas. Average pole height ment of pedestrians and vehicles, pro- from 10 feet to 15 feet. A wide moting a more secure environment, v;i of fixture styles and light pat- and minimizing the potential for per- te! !rare available. sonal harm and damage to property; and (3) helping to reveal the salient features of a site at a desired intensity of light in order to encourage nighttime use of a particular environment."* Source: Time Saver'Standards for Landscaoe i,~~ ~,>~~~ ~Architecture, 1988. There are three categories of light fixtures that should be considered when designing waterfront public access: areaJighting, mid-level light- ing, and low level lighting. DESIGN GUIDELINES Low-level lights includcE- tep, wall, * Recommended footcandle path and bollard lights. Baclird lights, levels: usually 24 to 42 inches high, cast light Pedestrian pathways 0.5 fc downwards and are used paimarily to Parking areas 1.0 fc illuminate a pathway. Whe, placed at Piers 2.0 fc a frequent interval, they lh;is, define a Bikeways 0.5 fc line. These types of lightsp im be used * Use durable light fixtures to to great effect along the w. irs' edge. minimize vandalism Additional mid-level lightn;:'. is often * Highlightimportantsignage necessary to minimize glatr. * Choose a lamp with a high - - ..... average life hour to minimize maintenance Design Guidelines i} * : * Light standards should be UL approved for wet locations * Automatic on-off mechanism * Provide cut-off (house shield) when adjacent to residential areas � Create uniform light distribution * Sufficient light at major cross- |I , 0walks and potential hazard , V? .1~ areas 81 ~~~~~~~~~~~Bi~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~i~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ DESIGN GUIDELINES SEATING People of all ages and degree of mobility enjoy an occasional place to pause, rest, and take in the view. Benches, seatwalls and steps all pro- vide places for pedestrians to stop and can be integrated with a building, walk- way, or park. To ensure the greatest comfort for the individual, these seat- ing elements should be designed vwth the user in mind. Design Guidelines * Armrests to facilitate sitting and with limited strength * Benches and seatwalls should e be 16 -18 inches wide; and 14 ' 18 inches high Seating should be located to take best advantage of k'~s and its design should be sensitive to the microclimate. * Seating should have a durable Locate seating to take best finish and solid construction to advantage of views minimize maintenance and van- Shelter seating from wind. dalism Locate seating to offer a variety * Comfort and simplicity of form of conditions - shade, sun, should be emphasized activity and peacefulness. , Locate seating at frequent inter- Set benches back from heavily vals along accessways trafficked routes. 82 DESIGN GUIDELINES PARKING &'"* Provide an adequate number of * Curbless parking lots with adja- spaces to meet expected use cent swales or planting areas For the waterfront to " ;ruly acces- (based on comparison to similar are encouraged. Wheel stops sible to all people, proviz :, should be site). should be used to prevent vehi- made for both pedestria;n -nd vehicu- * Design for compact cars, to the cles form parking on planted or lar traffic. Wherever pa,. 3:le, a park- maximum extent allowable, to unpaved areas. ing area should be pro,0 :,d adjacent reduce paved surface area. * Provide landscaping - shade to, or within a reasonable Jistance of, * Gradient 1% - 5% for positive trees, shrub masses - to buffer the public access entry, Point. The drainage. parking. Planted islands should number of spaces requirai;will depend * Gradient 2% maximum for be introduced when large on each individual site ._,id circum- handicapped spaces. expanses of pavement are nec- stances. Often the availab-iity of park- essary. ing is a major factor affec;1 . the inten- * Pitch parking area away from essary. ing is a major f actor affe.<,: the inten- water's edge, dunes or other * Boat launch facilities should sity of use of a par4ular site. sensitive areas. provide parking for cars, trucks However, the presence ot :)ther facili- ntie s. ties, such as restrooms, ecancessions, * Pavement surface should be and trailers. showers and a boat ramsp,einay deter- s permeable - gravel or grass � Provide a minimum of one pub- mine the length of st ay a y the parking block - to minimize runoff. lic access sign and a cluster of minee the length of stay and the parking Sand or bare soil is not accept- litter control receptacles at each needs of the people who the site able. parking area. (See Signage D Runoff flow should be contained and Litter Control) in a grass swale or other control * Preserve or enhance existing Provide a minimu 1 handchannel. native vegetation when possi- capped parking sim-ce per lot * Drainage should be handled on ble. a(12' x18'). site. Stormwater infrastructure * Parking for bicycles and motor- � Handicapped pa2rk: should be should be minimized to reduce cycles should be provided. * Handicapped parkclresa should be .r.d. clearly marked with ganage and costs, maintenance, and mini- * Utilize shared parking arrange- located adjacent to public mize potential pollution of near- ments with adjacent uses wher- access entry points by water bodies. ever feasible. iBO~: A. i |~IIIIIIIIII~ 1 _ ~83 DESIGN GUIDELINES SIGNAGE * Signs painted in various places, _ such as on pavement for handi- Signage and bold identification are capped parking or bikeways, the keys to an effective public access can supplement posted signs. program. A standard logo sign that will * Catchy phrases and humorous be quickly recognized as marking a invitations have proven effective public waterfront accessway should be in promoting use of litter recep- mounted at all outlets of a public tacles or to discourage certain accessway. Additional signage should activities, such as unlawful be posted to inform the public of sensi- parking. For example, the City tive environments, such as dunes; of New York posts signs -that safety hazards such as steep bluf#p or warn "Don't even think of park- slippery rocks; limits of public property; ing here!". Litter receptacles in and other points of interest. Baltimore have become part of r . IVP 2orNT a basket game with an invitation Design Guidelines to "Jam One" _'- ' + Avoid "NO" signs. * All public facilities should be Signs should be constructed of clearly identified. Standard durable, economical materials. international symbols for bike- * A distinct logo for waterfront ways, restrooms, telephones, parking, food concessions, first oped and used thrould be deveghout. ever possible. eay op ed and useds throughout. aid, etc. should be used wher- * Signs should be located within * The designs of all signs should easy view of pedestrians and be bold, appealing and easily * Signs should be placed a mini- recognizable. Signs should be placed a mini- mum of three feet above ground * The colors of the letters or logo t evel should contrast with the back- ground so it can be easily read from a distance. 84 _ DESIGN GUIDELINES CRITICAL AREAS WETLANDS Wetland areas are regulated under the Wetlands Act of 1970 (NJSA The coastline is c!'-aracterized by Wetlands are transitional lands 13:9A-1 et seq.) and the Freshwater critical areas which mv<ike the shore- between well-drained uplands and per- Wetlands Protection Act of 1987 front environmentally i:nique. These manently flooded lakes, rivers and (NJSA 13:9B-1 et seq.). All coastal critical areas include we:lands, beach- coastal embayments. They are gener- wetlands located in the Raritan Basin, es, dunes, erosion he..', areas, steep ally characterized by wetland plant south along the Atlantic Ocean and slopes and coastal b.: .?, and endan- species, hydric soils, and/or the pres- north along Delaware Bay and River gered or threatened ha:.. at. ence of water at some time during the are subject to the Wetlands Act. The growing season of the year. According Freshwater Wetlands Protection Act To help ensure the ,ireservation of to the "Rules on Coastal Resources provides regulation of freshwater wet- these areas, and to Fa:cilitate safe and Development," wetland areas are lands and forested wetlands, such as design of public accent structures in inundated or saturated by surface or white cedar stands, hardwood and around them, spet- al design and groundwater at a frequency and dura- swamps, and other lowland forest siting standards shouldr ,;;,ie considered. tion sufficient to support a majority of types. The information preseW::' id in this sec- vegetation adapted for life in wet soil tion defines the special areas, conditions. describes policy cc :straints as addressed in the "R -.:s on Coastal Resources and Deve: nent," (NJAC 7:7E-1.1 et seq.) and ie Freshwater Wetlands Act of 198;- and provides recommendations for e: sign specifica- tions. � t - ,'-, $ up Do 4E .... s''"......... w~s...P~p '~;~ Iti,' .............. ..C~ti'Pa~fi~ ............... ......... t .s '"~rk%63 'PY& md flefLE II ,= : --~� II I [[ [ [ [ I I llI85 DESIGN GUIDELINES Coastal and freshwater wetlands * The construction will result in Put:, ;access facilities or structures are especially valuable land areas the minimum feasible alteration which :- ;y encroach upon existing within the coastal zone. Wetlands or impairment of the natural wetlarn - are discouraged, but would serve as habitat for threatened and contours and vegetation of the be eva; .ted on a case by case basis endangered species, natural wastewa- wetlands. by the Department of Environmental ter treatment areas, flood control Protect :;.hn. The NJDEP Division of areas, and finfish and shellfish breed- Public access points generally Coasta lesources should be contact- ing and nurturing grounds. Due to the meet the "water access/water-orient- ed for review and comment at the ear- unique value of wetlands, development ed" and "no alternative site" conditions. liest p;e of project conceptualization of any kind, including public access Special design considerations for pub- and d structures, should avoid wetlands. lic access siting may be necessary to l meet the conditions pertaining to mini- I way development is per- Development in wetlands is prohib- mum alteration of the natural tidal cir- mitted w etlands, certain standard ited, except under special conditions. culation and natural contour and vege- design %Onsiderations should be incor- According to the "Rules on Coastal tation of wetlands. Refer to the "Site porated Resources and Development," con- Design" and "Design Standards" sec- struction within wetlands is only per- tions of this chapter for several alterna- * Public accessways (walkways/ missible if: tive solutions for public access near catwalks) should be designed to wetlands. a height of at least three feet * The use requires water access ~apove the maximum understory or is water-oriented as a central Lhight of existing wetlands veg- function of the activity; etiRion. * There is no prudent or feasible non-wetland alternative site; * The construction will result in the minimum feasible alteration ' or impairment of natural circula- tion; and * 86 .T DESIGN GUIDELINES E Walkways shouVi:t exceed a BEACHES AND DUNES Beaches and dunes are irreplace- width of six (6) feaei. able components of the shoreline. Beaches are gently sloping unveg- They protect marshes and adjacent * The preferred construction etated areas of sand or other uncon- upland from storms, flooding and ero- material is cedar LOCA treated solidated material that extend land- sion. They provide an important pine. ward from the mean high water line to wildlife habitat and tend to add both a either the vegetation line; a man-made scenic and recreational value to shore- * The deckboards or the walk- feature, such as a road or seawall; or front areas. way should b, ,adequately the dune. spaced to allow ,: penetration The NJDEP Division of Coastal to the underlying - etation. Dunes are wind or wave deposited, Resources encourages public access or man-made formations, of vegetated and barrier free access to beaches or drifting sand. They generally lie and the water's edge. Unrestricted parallel to, and landward of the beach. public access to the State's beaches is The term "dune" includes the foredune, desirable and promoted to enable all secondary and tertiary dune ridges, as residents and visitors to enjoy the well as man-made dunes. recreational, aesthetic, and ecological benefits of these resources. Coastal development must provide reasonable ,,>} public access to the beaches. IUISlpE _ vltf oA DESIGN GUIDELINES Development on beaches is very connections or braided cable are used face : allow for sand accumulations restricted. Only development that has as a walking surface. These are espe- and ,:Halthy plant growth underneath. no alternative location other than a cially useful on dune banks where foot- Add .o .al protection of the dunes may beach, such as the reconstruction of ing is difficult in the dry sand. Even on be : --:mplished by erecting dune pro- existing amusement piers and public the simplest path, snow fencing or a tect - signs which control pedestrian access fishing piers and boardwalks, post and rail fence for guidance should trap; When human or natural factors may be permitted on the beach. be provided. cau : damage to dunes, these areas sh& !;.be repaired with snow fencing Although development on dunes is More elaborate access paths con- an beachgrass plantings. The pla:h~gof natidevelegetation in con- prohibited, dunes must be crossed to sist of raised wooden walkways with pl g of native vegetation in con- access the beach. Limited, designzed railings. These require more mainte- jun-n with the construction of the accessways for pedestrian and autho- nance and are more expensive, but acc(;sway is recommended for stabi- rized motor vehicles should be are more effective in protecting sensi- liza nl and aesthetic purposes. designed in a manner which causes tive dune surfaces. Walkovers should Surce: Lopez, Landscaoe Architecture the minimum feasible interference with be built high enough off the dune sur- ?echnical Information Service. 1985. the beach and dune system. Accessways should be oriented such that they cause the minimum feasible threat of breaching or overtopping as a ,-' _ result of storm surge or wave runup. In general, access structures should be designed to account for the dynam- ic and sensitive nature of the dune system. Design of access paths across . ,5 iI dunes may be simple or very elabo- ir- rate. The simplest marked path is i ' bare sand, though compacted soil (a i clay loam mix) would be more durable.p fi/ I1 Occasionally, mats constructed of ?::hI planks fastened together with flexible - . . 88 DESIGN GUIDELINES EROSION HAZARD A i- S Designing an accessway sturdy enough to withstand the most severe Erosion hazard areas .re shoreline storm impact is one approach to man- areas that are eroding c;:. -'ave a histo- aging storm wave or erosion damage. i* . ry of erosion, causing th,:: to be high- The California Coastal Commission ly susceptible to furthert: -rosion and and State Coastal Conservancy damage from storms. 3ecause of Desionina Accesswavs notes that such these environmentally ~snsitive char- a design approach may minimize acteristics, development is prohibited repair frequency but is costly in both in erosion hazard areas .--cept for lin- materials and labor. Conversely, the ear development, such C . roads and California manual recommends that pipelines, which compi F.s with the access structures in erosion hazard coastal policy on linear evelopment areas be limited to inexpensive, easily (NJAC7:7E-6.1). repaired structures such as ramp ways, staircases, trails or paths. Erosion hazard area- nay include high velocity wave and 'hood zones. When considering desig[k�"and place- ment of access structtr:.s in these areas it is important to dt ermine the ,> worst case scenario for. :rosion and storm wave activity. !1:- conditions regarding geology, stori' conditions and erosion potential shoued be inves- tigated as an integral cormn; nent of the planning process for any cgavelopment within high velocity wartV' and flood zones. ~ _ A a89 DESIGN GUIDELINES STEEP SLOPES AND COASTAL BLUFFS Steep slopes (NJAC 7:7E-3.2) are isolated inland areas with slopes s , greater than 15 percent. All steep slopes associated with shoreline pro- cesses, i.e., adjacent to the shoreline or contributing sediment to the system, are considered coastal bluffs. , A coastal bluff (NJAC 7:7E-3.31) is . a steep slope of consolidated (rock) or . . unconsolidated (sand, gravel) sedi- ment that is formed by wind and water erosion forces, and which is adjacent ') �II4~fr to the shoreline or demonstrably asso- - . v ciated with shoreline processes. The toe, face, and lip of the bluff are all very sensitive to erosion. Coastal bluffs are most prominent in New Jersey along the Delaware River at Roebling and Florence and along the Raritan Bay at Aberdeen Township and Atlantic Highlands. Disturbance of coastal bluffs which F aic accessways may be inap- Coastal policies prohibit development undermines their natural resistance to prop ->foe on coastal bluffs due to these on coastal bluffs, except for such linearr rrses the stat: 'y constraints. The NJDEP development as roads and pipes. risk of their collapse and cause cuts in Divi; mn of Coastal Resources, Office the bluff. Vegetation helps stabilize the of C atal Engineering should be con- bluffs and planting programs are sult for accessway siting and encouraged. des!.' 'I '""; p DESIGN GUIDELINES If public access is' :mitted in Stairs typically are built of treated As is the case in high erosion coastal bluff areas, it should be wood and should be set up off the soil areas, it is recommended that access restricted to designated s.:,rs or roads surface at least 12 inches. Minimum structures at coastal bluffs be limited to built especially for accent purposes. spacings of 1/4 inch between planks inexpensive, easily repaired structures Accessways located on c:astal bluffs will allow for thorough drainage and such as ramp ways, staircases, trails should be designed suc that the some light perpetration underneath for or paths. These accessways should structure is nearest the toe of the bluff plant growth. be maintained on a regular basis and and as far as possible from the damaged areas promptly repaired. ocean's edge. The farthear a facility is Signs for bluff areas should direct Existing vegetation should be con- from the water's edge, the greater the people to access points. Warning served and enhanced, and the existing distance storm waves R.?Jst travel signs should prohibit walking or climb- profile should be protected. before reaching the strui:jre. This ing on the face of bluffs and identify reduces the amount of da?8aging and penalties, if any, for violators. Signs erosive energy the waves contain at would be appropriate at both the top the time of impact on or near the and bottom of the bluff. The sensitive accessway. Designs incorprating this nature of coastal bluff areas indicates approach include stairways and ramps the use of special management con- which descend parallel and adjacent to siderations and stabilization tech- a bluff, rather than descencri;lg perpen- niques. dicular from the bluff tnvvards the shoreline. *Source: Lopez, Technical Information Servi;85. Chpt Maintaining ublic Acces ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ R ~~~ 4~a MAINTAINING PUBLIC ACCESS 'y and the situation offer. Once public the commercial facilities. The access is finally in place there are two waterfront features in such a overall site and would provide an First, it must be maintained. Some amenity for its customers/clients/ entity must take on the responsibility occupants. Restaurants, retail shops, An effective public access ,rogram for making certain that efforts toward and other commercial establishments must include a plan for thy. future. waterfront access do not become generally assume the cost of public Public access, once securedl. -rust be temporary successes because they access because they encourage the maintained over time for X to be are not adequately maintained. public to use their facilities or to visit successful and continue to be fsable. their businesses. Maintenance of the Second, people must know that the waterfront features should be part of Designing and buildir;, public waterfront is available to them and the overall maintenance of the site. accessways has been the G:~cus of they must be able to get to it. A much of the public acce- issue. resource has no value to a person if Waterfront public access features Although these aspects : public he/she does not know of its existence on public land, such as within a access are critical, the issu- related or cannot reach it. Public access municipal, county, or state park, to maintenance of these a ;.ssways resources should be made public similarly should be maintained by the are equally important. information and people should feel caretakers of the surrounding land. welcome to use them. ,,hMaintenance is part of the public What happens to :public provision of park services. Although accessways and parks zQ- r the the cost of liability insurance is an ribbon-cutting ceremonies ?:ital to MAINTENANCE expensive portion of park maintenance the success of waterfron;o:i ccess. and may be exacerbated by a Waterfront parks and walkig ,s must The solution to the maintenance waterfront location, waterfront parks be maintained, and people -:- ust feel question differs depending upon the are an important part of the local and welcome to use them. location of public access elements and regional open space resources. the type(s) of adjacent uses. If public People enjoy waterfront parks, and Building public access Ito the waterfront promenades or plazas are park departments and commissions waterfront may be accomp"! hed in incorporated into a commercial should strive to provide pleasant many different ways depenc:! g upon development, they should be recreation facilities for their what opportunities the circuL tances maintained by the owner or operator of constituents. Although maintenance, 93 MAINTAINING PUBLIC ACCESS including liability, is expensive, it is a municipal parks, the would be most likely in vital part of the public role. Financial municipality may be willing instances where an assistance for municipally-run to accept some of the extensive waterfront path waterfront parks, particularly for liability responsibility for main- ~.system connects more than insurance, deserves f urther tenance. Perhaps the one municipality within the consideration. private landowner could county. contribute funds to help pay The situation of a publicly the costs associated with Regional open space and accessible waterfront feature within a maintenance, while the i\conservation organizations private, non-commercial development municipality provides the In cases where land trusts or raises questions which are thore labor from its parks and other conservation organ- difficult to answer. Innovative and recreation department staff. izations have acquired negotiated solutions may be the best Thus the landowner could ,waterfront sites for public way to address public access reduce costs by eliminating ;access, they will either maintenance in areas with no easily the burden of maintaining maintain the resources ~~H ;. ~identifiable caretaker. the waterfront access, while , themselves or attempt to the municipality could use transfer maintenance re- Waterfront access must be the funds to help defray the sponsibility to a local parks maintaied, bu the qestionof whofixed cost of municipal department. If the mun- takes on the responsibility may varywokr wh wol beciatyasterdjen depending upon the individual situation w o k r w h w ulbeciatyasterdjen and circumstances. In some in- required to maintain other parks and is adequately stances, a reasonable user fee may be municipal parks. equipped, such an ar- charged to help defray maintenance ~~~rangement may be a viable charedts. hel numefra ofapotentalc County Park Commissions solution. In other instances, maintnanc arrngembroptentsaebiefl y Since, access to our volunteer efforts may be mainteance rrangmentsare bieflywaterfronts is a regional available to help with the described below. ~~~~recreation resource, the labor involved in main- *Municipal Park and county park commission tenance operations, but may Recreation Deartment may be able to take on not be a reliable long-term In res hee priaey responsibility for maintaining solution. In aras were rivaely-waterfront accessways. L owned waterfront access- ~Involvement by the county ways are adjacent to 94 MAINTAINING PUBLIC ACCESS � Private Residentia 'ondo- These factors are integral to accept maintenance minium or Home.- .ners successful waterfront public responsibility for local Association access and should be con- waterfront parks. For In situations ve, re a sidered very early in the example, a boy/girl scout residential devecl-o eant is planning and development troop may "adopt" a adjacent to waterfrn. - public of the project. waterfront and contribute access, the mainte�-:- ce of their labor in removing litter the accessway mal: l-ecome In other instances, a private and doing regular main- the responsibility -f the developer may construct tenance, such as painting condominium or home- public access improvements and minor repairs. The owners association. wVhere and then dedicate an access volunteer labor may be a developer bum.:s; the easement or deed the matched with funding from residential develop:. 1t and waterfront land to the local businesses or establishes the ass:k ation, municipality. In the case of developments which benefit a plan for public uc0cess the easement, the developer from the waterfront. maintenance shaeod be could continue to maintain devised as part of theW overall the accessway, or the * Corporate Contributions maintenance prom -:m for municipality could assume The "Monmouth County the development. For future maintenance respon- Bayshore Waterfront Access example, a fund c:l Id be sibility. If a town accepts the ,~ Plan" encourages cor- established at the :utset, deed for waterfront land, and porations to "adopt-a-park" with an initial conw: .)ution no other maintenance and help maintain waterfront from the develop-er,, for arrangements are made, the access. These programs operation and mainr:f lance municipality would be demonstrate local com- of the waterfront Recess responsible for the future mitment and a corporate elements. The keys io the maintenance of the public good neighbor policy. creation of suc;.e: ~ssful access. waterfront public a ;cess within a residential ; ielop- * Volunteer Organizations/ These maintenance arrangements ment are good, siu ':itive Donations provide a sampling of possibilities. design and forethci :)at on Local civic or social Combinations of some of the the maintenance i ssue. organizations may be able to suggested arrangements may work in 95 MAINTAINING PUBLIC ACCESS different situations. One solution may of Tourism, too, has prepared not be enough, and an innovative joint brochures on attractions at the shore. solution may be best. In any case, These publications have been clear, maintenance of accessways is vital to concise and especially informative. keeping our waterfront a useful, enjoyable resource. Some type of poster or brochure on public access to the shore should be prepared on a regular basis; perhaps PUBLIC INFORMATION annually prior to the summer months. AND EDUCATION It could be expanded to include waterfront public access throughout For the public to fully enjoy coastal the State, including rivers and bays. access opportunities, it must be aware of the These types of information bulletins existence of the facilities, and of its rights and should be widely distributed and available to the public. calfomia Coastal Commission, CoastalNews January 1981 Adequate signage along or near the waterfront is an effective way to Publicity and education are notify people of the existence of public important components of New Jersey's accessways. It also serves to steer policy on waterfront public access. them away from areas where access is Sharing the word about public access a problem. Signs should direct people opportunities, and teaching people to public access points, provide how to care for these resources, are information about the facilities they can integral to carrying out the policy. expect to find, and the responsibility we all share for taking care of our The New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection has periodically produced a "Public Access to the New Jersey Shore" poster which provides information on public beaches, fees, facilities and accomodations. The State's Division 96 MAINTAINING PUBLIC ACCESS GETTING THERE ' Traveling to the Newo lersey shore during the summer morT'-s can be a difficult proposition. Tra.; jams along - --- the Garden State Par.'' Bay and the connecting roads are c. -mmon, and parking in and around be:�ch areas is very limited. Shorebound buses travel between Newark, Union City and Jersey City and beach areas from Long Branch to !I' !11t ~ Atlantic City. Departures are scheduled on a frequent basis to provide flexibility for the beachgoer. Taking public transpor, tion to the shore alleviates muse-, of the Discount fares and special beach sr aggravation of driving. If ew Jersey packages are available on both trains - Transit strives to provid� convenient and buses. For more information, NJ service and offers species beach bus Transit has a toll-free phone numbed and train routes. 800-772-2222, available each day from 6:00 a.m. to 12:00 midnight. During the summer. onths NJ Transit runs express treat, � between Problems in gaining access to the Newark/Hoboken and so ~i:pe points waterfront, or in using areas as they from Long Branch to Ba ad. The are designed, should be reported to train stations in the shop; owns are the Division of Coastal Resources, CN connected to the beach. h shuttle 401, Trenton, NJ 08625, or by calling t bus service. (609) 292-0060 during business hours. I I ~,1 It~~ I:;l~~h .,, ~, .- -97 Planning o The FDutr I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~..... x~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~II, "ane Al "R,~~~ PLANNING FOR THE FUTURE As the most densely p6-0ulated enclosures, special mailings, state in the nation, and homrn to over libraries, government offices, 7.6 million people, New Jer- ::y must and information centers. be vigilant in its preservr:.ion of waterfront lands. Our Coas;. l Zone * Celebrate the Waterfront! Ad Management Program has do3 :I much The Department of to establish public acces:: to the Environmental Protection, waterfront for residents and eviitors in Division of Coastal New Jersey. Building A:.n our Resources and the Depart- successes, we must strengvV en the ment of Commerce, Division commitment to freely ac-; ssible of Tourism should en- waterfronts and the pleasures and courage more events such opportunities they afford. as the Hudson River Walk, which "celebrate the water- The chapters of Waterfron: Public f Tw wi he Access: Design Guidelines a at forth t public waterfront should be some ideas of-how to arei!.,e our xur t hold e goals. Listedhereare ional encouraged to hold events goals. Listed here are ac-`Jtional such as "Coast Day" or suggestions for ways teo ,xpand "River Day." Waterfronts waterfront public access opprvitunities tend to be natural locations for all the people of New Jefor festivals and other - * Public Education community celebrations. Public Education Pro Ai ablouct New Jepr: tamy's * Design a Waterfront Logo waterfronts shoubout Nw J'be's A design competition could developed to reach :,i ple developed to reach y:-pllle help rally interest and Em across the state an6d -: all support for waterfront public age levels. A wateBr pont access. The competition public access guide cwF Could could be held at several - be prepared, uprted levels - one for school age regularly, and made J Jely regularly, and made g. iely children and another for ~~~available, e.g., maga ~ine ~adults. In any case, the __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ -; _99 PLANNING FOR THE FUTURE competition should be widely * Technical Assistance to publicized to call attention to Municipalities special waterfront resources. The Department of Environmental Protection Once a logo is designed, a should provide technical series of signs using it could assistance to waterfront be developed to mark municipalities to help them various kinds of waterfront design, construct, and access and public amenities. maintain public accessways These signs should be and waterfront parks. placed at all waterfront public access-waftS and,)EfrePbices' parks. Requirements Permits which require 4 Public Transportation to SP ~~~~~waterfront public access Waterfront Areas should be compiled and The Departments of placed in a data base from Environmental Protection which enforcement may be and Transportation, in conducted. Certain corn- coordination with NJ Transit, ponents of waterfront access should focus on expanded should be in place prior to public transportation to the issuance of a certificate :.-* waterfront recreation spots. of occupancy for private Existing transit routes should waterfront developments. be publicized and made as convenient as possible to encourage people to use public transportation to get to beaches, bays and rivers for recreation. 100 *-I I ~-~t~~~~~~ ~. ~~~PLANNING FOR THE FUTURE M ~, ~ FOR MORE INFORMATION ~ : Department of Environmeq': Department of Transportation* Department of the Public Advocate Protection Region I - Hunterdon, Morris, Division of Public Interest Advocacy Division of Coastal Resource -- Somerset, Sussex, & Warren Counties 25 Market Street (609) 292-0060 Route 183 North Trenton, NJ 08625 Netcong, NJ 07867 (609) 292-1692 ~ Delaware & Raritan Canal (201) 347-4415 i ~ Commission Counties and Municipalities (609) 397-2000 Region 2 - Bergen, Hudson, Essex, Contact the local County Parks Union, & Passaic Counties Commission or Municipal Park and Dept. of F ish Ga me & Wildlife. I ntersection of Routes 1S,21 & 22 Recreation Department (609) 984-1401 Newark, NJ 07714 (201) 548-2278 League of Municipalities Division of Parks & Forestry (Exception: West Milford, Pass aic County Call 407 West State Street Region 1) (609) 292-2797 Trenton, NJ 08618 Region 3 - Mercer, Middlesex, 1,(609) 695-3481 Monmouth, & Ocean Counties Route 79 & Daniels Way Freehold, NJ 07728 Delawar & Raritan C(201) 308-4100 Region 4 - Atlantic, Burington, Camden, Cape May, Cumberland, Gloucester, & Salem Counties Rout e 70, New Jerse y Turnpike Cherry Hill, NJ 08034 (609) 428-6550 For more information on fishing access from bridges 5'1 ( 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY Callforl la Coastal Commissfi Bi~nd State coastal conservancy, Deslanlfla Accesswg ., an Fra ncisco and Oakland, CA, undated. DeChiara, Joseph and Lee t ~~pelmanl, Time-Saver Standad o Si1te Paona", McGr;~,. -1111 Book Company, New York, MY, 1984. Ditlon, Robert, and Mark St ~ ns, Coastal Recreation for Planners DC, 1976. Gares, Paul, Karl NordstroM. s~id Norbert Psuty, Coastal Dunes- Their Function. Dellneatlo ct'-...]DI Center for Coastal and Environmental Stud;'. New Brunswick, NJ, 1979. Harris, Charles W. And Nichains T. Dines, co-editors, I1rntyML Standards for Landr,;-,,pe Architecture. McGraw Hill Book Company, Now York,'tV, 1988. Hoke, John Ray, Jr., AlA, Ee%-ior In Chief, RamsevISlOener Architectural GraDh~~ll~~ 8th Edition, John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY. 988. Lock, Charles, Theuid' Jersey: Their Habits and iHabitats, Rutgers L. ".Irsity Press, New Brunswick, NJ, 1975. Leck, Charles, Th2.SjftW. >.4 Distribution of Now Jersey Birds, Rutgers University ~ss, New Brunswick, NJ, 1984. Lopez, Stephen, H, Landar- _% ArchItecture Technical information Service~. C~oastal Design with Natural Processes, 1985. Monmouth County Plannln., ~'oard with the Trust for Pubic Land, Bayshore Waterfro aces Plan, Freehold, NJ, 1987. BIBLIOGRAPHY New Jersey Department of Envlm� .'ntai Protection, Division of Coastal Resources, Dev(~4 -va Marinain New Jersey: A 1jmac~bo, Rogers, Gode',' - Halpern, Philadelphia, PA, 1982. Now Jersey Department of Envlro~t' ntil Protection, Nowjerma Coastal Develonment HanC,;., A, Trenton, NJ, 1983. Now Jersey Department of Envlro' mtai Protection, Ne~w Jeffift Ocean Beach Access Stratr-q Trenton, NJ, 1984. Now Jersey Department of Envirom. Mtal Protection, RuIl.s o Coastal Resources and DeOVC..Rnfl (N.J.A.C. 7:7E-1.1 et seq), Trenton, NJ, 1986. Now Jersey Statutes Annotated, M_ Anal Land Use Law, (NJSA 40:55D3-1, et seq), Trenton, NJ, 197,5. ;- Norstrom, Karl F., at al, Living with ~.Now Jersey Share. Duke University Press, Durham, N C, 1986. State of New Jersey Department of Evnylronmontal Protection, Division, of Coastal Resources, ftmmjev, Shore Protection Master Plan. Volume I - The Plan. Trentlon,"- 1981. Waface, Roerts & Todd, Louis Ber~ Associates, Inc. and Ralph B. Hirsch, ont Walkwavy: Plan and Deslan Giuidelnes Prepared for Nevy -..,Jrsey Department of Environ- mental Protection, Division vi a"~jstal Resources, Trenton, NJ, 1984. US Army Corps of Engineers, Shff_, .tection Guidelines, Washington, DC, 1971. US Army Corp of Englnecrs, Ja aire Protection: A Ponautv Owner~s Gidef, 1981. i "Ago~~