[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]
Coastal Zone Information Center COASTAL @ONE INFQL.-j"'MoN cENTER VJ2 WASHINGTON COUNTY LAND USE ELEMENT U.-S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NOAA COASTAL SERVICES CENTER 2234 SOUTH HOBSON AVENUE Board of Commissioners CHARLESTON , SC 29405-2413 Douglas Davenport, Chairman .Ed Womble Mayme Davenport C. M. Stokes Robert D. Swain Property of CSC Libra ADDRESS 41 Washington County Courthouse P. 0. Box 207 Plymouth, North Carolina 27962 Prepared By: Washington County Community Development/Planning Office Samuel R. Brockett, County Planner Amber P. Bland, Secretary July 31, 1978 The preparation of this document was financed in part through a planning grant'from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. HD -W2 W373 1978 ACCEPTANCE The following document, Washington County Land Use Element, inclusive of all policies, determinations,.and priorities was adopted by the Washington County Board of Commissioners on 21 st day of August 197 8 I, Kathryn H. Wilkins do hereby certify that the Washington County Board of Commissioners adopted the Washington County Land Use Element on the above date and that this action is duly recorded in the official minutes of the aforementioned governing board. I attest Seal August 30, 1978 Date My authorization expires on Ist day of December . . . . 19 78 TABLE OF-CONTENTS SECTION I INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Purpose Scope SECTION II-A PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT, ... . . . . . . . . . 3 SECTI ON II-B MAN-MADE ENVIRONMENT . . . . . . . . . . . 5 SECTION'117 Zo@@` A T -Cr' TT "AT. PCONOMIC EN7TR.ONK_ReMT.5 Population Trends-and Characteristics-- Cultural Considerations Economic Considerations SECTION IV GOALS, OBJECTIVES, AND EVALUATION CRITERIA 10 Background Goals and Objectives Assessment A Assessment B Assessment C Coordination Mechanism SECTION V - PLAN FORMULATION . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Overview Projection of Future-Land Demands' Land Classification Land on -Map Exhibitk 1 Land Use'ConflJcts Map-E.xhibit 2@ Environmental Areas Estuarine Water Areas Subject To Public Rights Coastal Wetlands - General Coastal Wetlands - Other Coastal Marshlands Housing Needs Open Space - Recreation Transportation Proposed Park Sites-Exhibit 3 Growth Expectancies TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION VI IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES . . . . ... .. . . . 26 Development Controls Planning Elements Economic Development Incentives Citizen Participation Intergovernmental Assistance SECTION VII - LONG AND SHORT-TERM POLICIES . . . . . . . . 31 Environment Economic SECTION VIII - ASSESSEMENTS ..............................32 Historical Assessment Appendix "A" Environmental Assessment Alternatives SECTION I INTRODUCTION Purpose Concern over the utilization of land resources has become an increasingly crucial subject over the past two decades. As various forms of land development have -undeveloped acreage; the.,realization t h a -:L, ila n di:s a:L'Liii@e kezi;uui@ce has -.:occurred.- The purpose of this document is to.provide direction for addressing land use concerns of the local government Washington County and her citizens. Due to the fact that several related planning documents have been developed during the past five years this document attempts to integrate all relevant material and*information into a picture of present conditions, public needs desires, ove rall goals and objectives, and strategies by which they,can @be achieved., -Through the -it is hoped 'that another brace in the this,material, aning, foundation of Washington County will be achieved. It must be remembered by all concerned that this document will only be effective if the public, local government, State government, and the Federal government utilize it and make conscientious decisions with its assistance. The potential is evi dent; now the application must.follow. Scope Numerous planning resources have been utilized in preparing the Washington County Land Use Element. Whether exhibited-or referenced in the text, the other materials are essential in understanding the scope of this document. This document seeks to avoid all repetition of work previously accomplished and address those requirements set forth by the Department of Housing and Urb,=n Development under Section, 701 guidelines(Comprehensive Planning Asc-.1'stance). havelbeen nume'ro4s-in Washington Coun ty and its municipalities since the early part of this decade. The main impetus toward land use planning occurred@@L@ with the passage of the Coastal Area Management Act in 1974. This planning process provided an extensive effort toward public participation, and local awareness of both physical and social planning ne eds. 'f the Washington County L Wit.h the development 0 and Use Plan (May 1976), Washington County and the municipalities of and [email protected] with a major,tool, P-�roper, Creswell, iia land use planning. Utilizing this resource and information, the Washington County Land Use Element provides an extension of the land use planning efforts accomplished in 1976. The previous planning document must be considered as ancillary material as one reviews this af.@@companykng document. For the purposes of this element-the study area is exclusive of the Town of Plymouth. A complete listing of all --ref-e-renced'.materi-al is !-2ontained in Appendix 1. 2 SECTION II-A PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT a. Climatic Conditions See Page 39 Resource Conservation and Development Plan Albemarle Area Albemarle RC & D Council b. Geology and Minerals See Page 40 and 41 Resource Conservation and Development Plan Albemarle Area Albemarle RC & D Council See Page 75 Washington County Land Use Plan Coastal Area Management Act C.- Soil Ly,--S n're-. --act e-rls_t J.--s See Pages 27 - 110 Soil Survey Maps and Interpretations for Washington County Soil'Conservation Service See Page 59, 62, Figure 20 and Attachment 1 Washington County Land'Use Plan Coastal Area Management Act See Page 41 Resource Conservation and Development Plan Albemarle Area Albemarle RC & D Council d. Topographic Feature, See Page 68 - 69 Washington County Land Use Plan Coastal Area Management Act e. Surfacp Watier Characteristics ee Page 15 Water Feasibility Study - Washington County Moore, Gardner and Associates See Page 70 -' 71 and Figure 21a and 21b Washington County Land Use Plan Coastal Area Management Act f. Ground Water Characteristics See Page 9 - 13 Water Feasibility Study - Washington County Moore, Gardner and Associates 3 g. Wetlands See Page 130 Washington County Land Use Plan Coastal Area Management Act Wetlands and Prime Waterfowl Habitat Map - Attachment 1, Page,1'58 Resource Conservation and Development Plan Albemarle Area Albemarle RC & D Council h. Rare and Endangered Species Habitats No information available i. Animal life and fish See Pages 55 and 56 and Exhibits 1 and 2 Resource Conservation and Development.Plan Albemarle Area VO D council See Page.77- Washington County Land Use Plan-- Coastal Area Management Act Unique Natural Areas See Page 124 Washington County Land Use Plan Coastal Area Management Act See Appendix E Outdoor Recreation Potential Pamlico Soil and Water Conservation District Plant-Life See Page 58 Resource Conservation and Development Plan Albemarle Area Albemarle RC & D Council 11. Woodlands See Page 47, Table 8 See Page 48,.Table 9 Resource Conservation and Development Plan Albemarle Area Albemarle RC & D Council Existing Land Use and Ownership See Page 46 Patterns Attachment I M. Sensitive and Fragile Environmental Areas See Page 124 Washington County Land Use,Plan Coastal Area Management Act 4 n. Areas with Development Potentials and Limitations Refer to Subsections: c,d,e,f,g,j,k,l, and m Also See Section IV Washington County Land Use Plan Coastal Area Management Act 0. Air Quality No Information Available p. Floodways See Figure 17 Washington County Land Use Plan Coastal Area Management Act SECTION II-B MAN-MADE ENVIRONMENT a. Detailed Land Uso See Land Use-Map b. Housing Conditions Refer to Washington County Housing Element SECTION III - SOCIAL, CULTURAL, AND ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT Population Trends and Characteristics Washington 'County, as many counties of Eastern North Carolina, is. a predominantly rural county in nature, Only one (1) perc ent of the County's 342 square miles is devoted to urban-type development of land. Similating this rura1: characeristic is the County's population which has 43.9% of the total population living in three incorporated municipalities, each under 5,000 persons population. 5 FIGURE I POPULATION OF TOTAL Town of Plymouth 4,774 34.01 Town of Creswell 670 4.77 Town of Roper 680 4.84 County' of Washington 7,914 56.38 (Outside Municipalities) County of Washington 14,038 100% Source: 1970 Bureau of Census Commensurate with-Washington County's rural.character, the population,growth has been small by normal comparison, with marked stability overall. This pace may be quickening as the 1976 estimates below reveal. These statistics indicate a wide discrepancy with recent documented projections for 1980. FIGURE 2 POPULATION ESTIMATE 1976 Burea of.Census Information(1976) 14,938 1976 Washington County Land Use Plan-CAMA 14,100 1975 Region R Water Feasibility Plan 14,100 Utilizing the most recent information available, this document establishes a greater projection for 1980. Due to the fact that the information's basis is county-wide, no inference can be made concerning the location of the population growth(i.-e. urban-rural). It is felt the upcoming Bureau of Census information will provide further insight into the growth that has been experienced since 1970. The expected population in 1980 for Washington County was established by projecting the average yearly growth rate 6 experienced over -the last thirty-.six years (1940 1976). This approach identifies an annual increase of 71.4 persons. Based on current, available figures a new projection of 15-,298 is obtained for Washington County. This information is portrayed in the following illustration: FIGURE 3 % of Change 1940 12,323 - 1950 13,180 6.95 1960 2.34 1970 14,038. 4.08 1976* 14,938 6.41 1980 15,298,--- .2_4 1 Source: U.S. Bureau of Census(1970) *U.S. Census Estimate There are several characteristics of Washington County's population that are noted in the following illustration. One significant factor is the large number of minority-residents, particularly in the townships of Lees Mill-and Plymout,`h. A high percentage of,minority@residents also is evident--.I& Lees Mill and Skinnersville townships. ODe add-itional factor-As the -concentration of population'-in and z7ovmd.,the Town 'of Plymouth. RACIAL BREAKDOWN Figure 4 Minority Non-Minority Total Lees Mill Township 2,078 17329 3,407 (inclusive Town of Roper) Plymouth Township 2,570 4,941 7,512 (inclusive Town of Plymouth) Scuppernong Township 585 1,148 1,733 (inclusive,Town of Creswell) Skinnersville Township 611 1,386 7 OCEAN HAZARD AREAS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN HIGH HAZARD FLOOD AEC OCEAN ERODIBLE AEC FIRST LINE OF STABLE NATURAL VEGETATION PUBLIC TRUST AEC MEAN HIGH MEAN LOW WATER WATER NOTE: THIS BOUNDARY MAY BE LOCATED WELL INLAND OF THE OCEAN ERODIBLE AEC IN SOME AREAS AND SEAWARD IN OTHERS HIGH HAZARD FLOOD AEC: AREAS SUBJECT TO HIGH VELOCITY WATERS DURING A 100 YEAR STORM Vl - V30 ZONES IDENTIFIED ON FIA FLOOD INSURANCE RATE MAPS OCEAN ERODIBLE AEC: 60X AVERAGE ANNUAL LONG-TERM EROSION RATE + 100 YEAR STORM RECESSION MEASURED LANDWARD FROM THE FIRST LINE OF STABLE NATURAL VEGETATION, BUT INCLUDING THE OCEAN BEACH TO MEAN LOWWATER PUBLICTRUSTAEC: EXTENDS TO SEAWARD LIMIT OF STATE JURISDICTION' INLET HAZARD AEC (NOT SHOWN): LOCATED ALONG INLET SHORELINES. THE LANDWARD BOUNDARY IS DETERMINED FROM STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF INLET MIGRATION CONSIDERING FACTORS SUCH AS PREVIOUS INLET TERRITORY AND OTHER NATURAL AND MAN MADE INFLUENCES. THE INLET HAZARD AEC's ARE DELINEATED ON 1" = 400'AERIAL BASE MAPS AVAILABLE F.OR REVIEW FROM THE OFFICE OF COASTAL MANAGEMENT. Y threaten the buildings' foundations. Such moves are Use of Ocean Setbacks to made more difficult by legal problems typical of build- ings with multiple owners. As time-sharing and Manage High-Density motel" condominiums become more popular, these questions of ownership and movability may become Development in North Carolina increasingly complex," explains Ralph Cantral, chief of implementation and enforcement in the Office of by Kathryn Henderson and David Owens Coastal Management (OCM)., North Carolina Office of Coastal Management The investments required for large developments in Introduction hazardous areas increase the pressure to build subse- quent oceanfront erosion control structures, especially Development patterns along North Carolina's coast If a building is imminently endangered. Such pressure have changed over the last five years from a combina- could result in the use of public funds for shoreline tion of single-family cottages and motels to multi-unit stabilization, while most stabilization techniques other dwellings such as condominiums and high-rise hotels. than beach nourishment reduce public access to, and In response to the accelerating construction and the use of, the beach. special problems it poses to the protection of lives, The costs to the public from storm damage are well- property, and natural resources, the North Carolina documented. Where developments are damaged, ex- Coastal Resources Commission (CRC) recently ap- penditures for flood insurance will increase as will proved rules to double existing oceanfront setbacks those for restoring public services such as water, for such large structures. Setback rules govern con- sewer, and elect 'ricity. Disaster relief after hurricanes is struction siting along the coast, i.e., how far a building expensive as well, and these costs will be substantially must be set back from the water. higher if large structures are not sited properly. Ac- The rule, which went into effect November 1, 1983, cording to Dr. Neil Frank, director of the National is an important step toward strengthening the state's Hurricane Center, 90 percent of the damage caused by oceanfront management policy. Although it is only recent hurricanes occurred within 300 feet of the dune one component in an overall system for coastal man- line. The old setback regulation did not provide ade- agement, the new regulation is a key to enabling pro- quate protection for the structures most vulnerable to spective planning to contend with the hazards of such storms. storms and erosion. Recent experiences with severe, short-term erosion The new rules advance the old oceanfront manage- has'indicated that the setbacks for immovable struc- ment policy by focusing attention on the special prob- tures were inadequate. During the winter of 1983 some lems created by condominiums and hotels. The old areas with average long-term erosion rates of less than ,setback rule, which remains in effect for any building two feet per yeaf had up to 40 feet of erosion during a of less than.5,000 square feet or four dwelling units, re- few months' time. As Cantral explains, "This points quires that development be located, at a minimum, the out that the current setback is merely @n indicator of furthest landward of four points: 1) a distance equal to ;.n area of risk. It identifies an extremely hazardous area but does not indicate which areas are safe for 30 times the long-term annual erosion rate, measured )uilding. The present setback regulation is a bare from the vegetation'] ine; 2) behind the crest of the "pri- minimum in regard to protection of life and property." mary" dune (defined as the first dune with an elevation The Commission concluded that movement of the equal to the 100-year storm level plus six feet); 3) shoreline is inevitable. Regulations, especially for behind the landward toe of the "frontal" dune (defined permanent multi-dwelling structures, should protect as the first dune with sufficient height, vegetation, con- the beach and oceanfront structures for the longest tinuity, and configuration to offer protective value); or practical period of time. 4) 60 feet landward of the vegetation line. In order to determine the limits of the new setback These setbacks have been the backbone of ocean- rule, certain technical issues had to be resolved. For front management since their adoption in 1979. The instance, the accuracy of erosion rates and storm dam- new rules strengthen that program by specifically ad- age was thoroughly examined by Steve Benton, head dressing relatively new, high-density forms of develop- of technical services at OCM. Using raw data gathered ment. Under the new rules, the setback distance will be by Dr. Robert Dolan of the University of Virginia, Ben- determined by the old setback rule or by multiplying ton further refined it in order to update the erosion 60 times the average annual erosion rate for each area rates as precisely as possible. along the coast, whichever provides the widest buffer It was also necessary to consider the potential strip. So, for a town with an average annual erosion economic consequences of doubling the setbacks. rate of two feet per year, a minimum setback of 120 Through this discussion it was realized that zl flat feet will be required. multiplier of 60 could impose a financial hardship on property owners and local governments in areas with The Purpose particularly high average annual erosion. For the areas of the coast with an average annual erosion rate less Erosion and storms create financial, legal, and safe- than or equal to the approximate average for the entire ty problems unique to large, multi-unit structures. To coast (3.5 feet), the setback was doubled. Areas reduce the costs of storm and erosion damages and with erosion rates greater than 3.5 feet per year will provide greater protection for the beach-dune system, have a maximum additional setback of 105 feet (3.5 the CRC decided to increase the buffer zone between times 30) over the existing setback. For instance, in an the ocean and such structures. area with an annual erosion rate of 10 feet per year, the Oceanfront buffers are intended to minimize further existing setback is 300 feet. Under the new rule, the catastrophes. The size of motels and condominiums setback will remain at 300 feet for cottages, but large make them extremely difficult-and sometimes im- structures will have to be at least 405 feet back from possible-to relocate should erosion of the dunes the vegetation line. PERCENTAGE RACIAL BREAKDOWN Minority Non-Minority % Of FIGURE 5 % % County Lees Mill Township 60.9 39.1 24.27 (inclusive Town of Roper) Plymouth Township 34.21 65.77 53.51 (inclusive Town of Plymouth) Scuppernong Township 33.76 66.24 12.34 (inclusive Town of Creswell) Skinnersville Township 44.08 55.92 9.87 Population trends such as migration rates have shown signi- ficant losses in the young working class group 24-45), while younger (15-24) and older (over 45) are more stable. Comparative figures of neighboring counties indicate the County is in the middle population range and shows the only popu- lation increase during the previous decade. 2 Cultural Considerations The major cultural assets in Washington County include his- torical sites and areas of undisturbed aesthetic beauty. Each is predominant in any review of the County's history. From the early shoreline settlements that flourished with lumber and agriculture as their mainstays, Washington County etched marks into history beginning in the early 1700's. Washington County Land Use Plan, May 1976, page 5 2Washington County Land Use Plan."May 1976, page 7 Through the establishment of Somerset Plantation in the early 1780's stands as the most significant historical event of this period, several other noted historical events and structures evolved during this time period. The listing in Appendix II identifies the extensive base of heritage that still remains with- in the County. In addition to sites of historical significance, Washington County also possesses extensive areas of natural beauty. Many these exist,along ,the.shorelines of the Roanoke River. and Alvemarele Sound. They include natural sandy shorelines, stands of cypress, and broad areas of marshland. Inland, the County also has areas of natural beauty inclusive of Lake Phelps and Pungo Lake. Economic Considerations Note: This section is adequately covered by Pages 12-21 in the Washington County Land Use Plan (CAMA). The following paragraphs supplement this material. for cer- tain. points not addressed in this document. Land ownership is a primary factor in influencing the over- all economic situation of Washington County. Extensive research has been made that in 1974 was completed,indicated an extensive amount of large land holdings in Washington County.3 Information 3Washington County Land Use Analysis 9 taken from this document delineates corporate land holdings, pri--@ vate land holdings/in excess of 100 acres, federal and state held lands, and other similar large amounts of owners hip. The document shows that these land holdings are scattered throughout the County, with most land holdings of considerable size being located away from the municipal jurisdictions. In contrast, smaller land hold- ings occurred in close proximity to the municipalities and major transportation corridors. The major areas of Sta te and Federa 1 ownership include the following: 1. Pettigrew State Park-(Lake Phelps) 2. Pungo National Wildlife Refuge (Puhgo Lake) 3. State Research Farms SECTION IV. GOALS, OBJECTIVES, AND EVALUATION CRITERIA Background .As with many rural counties, Washington County's history of slow population and economic growth establishes a level of moderate expectations and limited goals. With the acknowledgement of this setting, the pers'per-t-i-ve of land use goals in Wash i n Z t_-Un firmly established. Changes in the utilizat ion of land are based upon many con- tributihg factors inclusive of economic conditions, physical con- straints, public demand, and available access. These conditions must be taken into consideration when goals and objectives a re compiled. Their continued compatibility should be determined ailq evaluations. take place in the future. 10 The following sections represent a composite'an.d refinement of land-related goals that have been developed to-guide the growth and actions of Washington County. They provide a picture of the direction and needs that the County perceives as imperative to sus- tain rational steps toward future land use decisions.- The thrust of these goals and objectives are subject to the continuing efforts of local government to recognize their limita- tions and build upon changing circumstances. Goals and Objectives The following goals and objectives represent directions to address the identified needs of Washington County. The develop- ment of these goals provide for those critical factors that di- rectly or indirectly affect land use for the County and the Towns of Creswell and Roper, where applicable. A T RFZOURCES GOAL TO PROTECT AND ENHANCE THE NATURAL AND CULTUM.I..1.4 OF:WASHINGTON COUNTY Objectives (1) Improve storm drainage on all creeks in the county to minimize local flooding. (2) Develop plan to clear and snag the Scuppernong River. (3) Develop regulations that will control the breech of watersheds and the incidence of wind erosion. (4 Provide for the completion and publication.of a county- wide detailed soil survey. (5) Provide for the organization of a forestry :7-,ssociati on for areawide interests. (6) Regulate the dumping of animal wastes into public waters. (7) Petition the expansion of Pettigrew State Park at Lake Phelps. (8) Provide for the establishment of a system of neighbor- hood parks as specified in,the Washington County Recre- ation Plan. (9) Implement zoning and subdivision controls to provide for orderly development. (10) Provide for the installation of herring passageways and fish attractors in certain waters of the County. (11) Develop regulations-to-require the bulkheading of all shore property subject to.erosion_-.alongA-h-e Albemarle Sound. Assessment A Through the above activities, Washington County will proceed in th e elimination of water-related problems; plus address those factors that will provide support of the overall natural character of the County. In addressing these goals and objectives the County will be able to @@7.7aluate its progress by noting the protective measures that have been developed during the next five years. Secondly, those goals that are highlighted and supported by local actions will provide evidence of the County's progress--toward stated ob- jectives. 12 GOAL TO PROVIDE FOR THE ECONOMIC NEEDS OF COUNTY RESIDENTS BY ATTRACTING NEW BUSINESS AND IND USTRY. (1) Support the Economic Development Commission's steps to encourage new industry to locate in Washington County. (2) Recommend and support the widening of U.S. 64 across the entire county. (3) Develop a plan to provide for the upgrading of (4)Continue efforts to develop a community water system throughout most sections of the County. (5) Advocate a Wenona to Pea Ridge road to the State Department of Transportation. (6) Work in conjunction with surrounding counties to support the development of an interstate coastal highway. Assessment B A determination of the County's improvement in the quality of life for her citizens stands as the major tool of measurement in accompishing the above objectives Thus, the upgrading of economic, and general living conditions be related to the level of employment, income and wage levels, and capital improvements. Through constant recognition of these objectives the County can eva1uate its progress toward eliminating existing impediments of economic growth and proceed toward an evident improvement in the overall standard of living. 13 GOAL TO IMPROVE THE LEVEL OF SERVICE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT (1) Upgrade,county police protection and reconnasance. (2) Pursue-the implementation of a ' direct d ialing'system for telephone calls between the Creswell area and the Plymouth area. (3) Develop a plan to provide for a Sheltered Workshop for the handicapped in Washington County. (4) Provide for the continued improvement of the Dog Control Program in the County. .(5) Expand supervised league sports in the County and -address the need for a full-'time recreation personnel. (6) Seek to expand and publicize the library and health services for the eastern portion of the County. Assessment C In assessing the improvement of local government services one must recognize that many factors need to be considered. It is both impossible and unfeasible for any -level of govern- ment to address all service needs of its citizenry;.thus restrict itself to those that are most urgent or feasible. The implementation and levels of improvement attained in the"services addressed in the above objectives must stand as measurement. Through the provision of these servi ces at an adequate level, the County must assume that their purpose will be accomp lished. Coordination Mechanism The County of Washington and the Towns of Creswell and Roper will seek to maintain an administrative structure that will allow for the continuing pursuit of all goals and 14 objectives contained in the document. This structure will consist of the staff expertise and support staffneeded to accomplish such work. In addition, the County and involved Staff will provide a basis for coordination between those citizen groups, governmental offices, or other interested parties, perceived to be an integral part in the satisfaction of projected needs and/or goals. The County will-strive to provide the local impetus toward all goal's but utilize all available administrative resources in producing the most, direct, efficient, and cost-effective route in assuring the attainment of goals and objectives. 15 SECTION V PLAN FORMULATION Overview In accordance with previous planning elements and in concert with-all sections of this document, the following subjects are addressed in direct and succinct terms. Each subject allows a direct interpretation of future land use planning efforts as they relate to local growth, local conditions, and local needs. Projection of Future Land Demands As seen in Section III, increased 1 and development is not expected to be spurred by sizeable increases in popu- lation. With prevailing rural attitudes preferring changes 4 to be minimal, the combination is expected to result in little demand for changes in the present pattern of land development. Those changes that do occur are expected to revolve around the municipalities, traffic: corridQrs, and recre- ational-typelands. The magnitude of this development is not expected to be extensive due to various factors already cited. The pursuit of several objective's and goals of this document will ultimately affect the county's growthrate. 4 Washington County Land Use- Plan, May 1976-, page 3 16 One must realize that a constant effort to review existing land use, land classification, and land demands mu.st be involved in future land considerations. Land Classification In accordance with the directives of the Coastal Area Management Act, a land classification system was developed to assist local planning efforts. The system's intent is to allow.a consistant approach to defining the present characteristics of land resources and establish a framework for projecting the future development and -land demands within the County and its municipalities. The benefits and uses of a land classification system are numerous. The major provisions are: (1) Allows the application of development controls (i.e. subdivision, zoning) to be effectively directed. (2) Allows the identification-and protection of fragile or environmentally sensitive lands. (3) Provides a basis for planning decisions relating to land acquisition, public facilities, recreation and transportation. (4) Provides a basis for budgeting decisions related to capital improvements, water system expansion, and sewer facilities, and solid waste sites. (5) Provides a step toward a system of proper tax distribution by identifying lands with high or low development potential. (6) Provides a useful tool in the educational process of local citizens in order that they may be cognizant,.- of the direction that growth is taking place in their community.5 5Washington County Land Use Plan, May-1976, Page 107 17 The following definitions depict those land:clas ses established under the Coastal Area Management Act. The following Land Classification Map has been approved as the. guide to land use decisions in Washington County. More detailed information concerning the map can be obtained from the Washington County Land Use Plan, Coastal Area Management Act. The following describes the classification system: Developed Lands where existing population density is moderate to high and where there are a variety of land uses which have the necessary public services. Transition - Lands where local government plans to accomodate moderate to high density development during the following ten year period and where necessary public services will be provided to accommodate that growth. Community - Lands where low density development is grouped in existing settlements or will occur in such settlements during the following ten year period and which will not require extensive public services now or in the future. Rural - Lands whose highest use is for agriculture, forestry, mining, water supply, etc., based on their natural resources potential. Also, lands for future needs not currently recognized. Conservation - Fragile, hazard and other lands necessary to maintain a healthy natural environment and necessary to provide for the public health, safety, or welfare. I ro 6Washington County Land Use Plan, May 1976, Pages 107 108 18 im I= = M I= @= @1=1 WASHINGTON COUNTY 0 W A N c u NORTH CAROLINA scml v-ml Fm ENLOGEMENIS s 0 UIE ji-s" 4.0" im YMOUTH LLD LM PfTnGRFw 3TATE L A K B P Al PUNGO LA The bounty and the Planning Board have furthered its review of land class and local development patterns by .adoptthg a map that projects areas of possible development conflict. This work was done in order to recognize problem areas not covered by the Land Classification Map and beyond the scope of Areas of Environmental Concern. It is intended to supplement planning decisions related to this document and other resources. See Exhibit 2. Environmental Areas' Washington County has three areas that are considered environmentally sensitive under State Law 113A - 113 - Coastal Area Management Act. These include: Estuarine.Waters Description. Estuarine waters are defined in G.S. 113- 229 (n) (2) as, "all the water of the Atlantic Ocean-within the boundary of North'C arolina and all the waters of the bays, sounds, rivers and tributaries thereto seaward of the dividing line between coastal fishing waters and inland fishing waters, as set forth in an agreement adopted by the Wildlife Resources Commission and the Department of Conservation and Development filed with the Secretary of State entitled 'Boundary Lines, North Carolina Commercial Fishing-Inland Fishing Waters, revised March 1, 1965,1" or as it may be subsequently revised by the Legislature. 19 E@M&it lft M 0 MUNI, Land Use Conflicts Agricultural-Residential Industrial VWAPPW Conmercial-Resident iP4 ::Eff- Urban-Rural Environmental son a ire % % C 0 UNTY."O'r I I A 0 1 a a T. C 0 V w I T C 0 (A ft f'', Z. .7- n@ WASHINGTON ?06RTH CAROLINA CAMOUP" COMTMEW OF TRAM9430A MUM op Wwam-PLAMM" No SFW"O. PWMft MOWMW A040MMAnON L Location. In'Washington County, estuarine waters consist of Albemarle Sound and Bull's Bay. Significance. Estuaries are among the most@productive natural environments of North Carolina. They not only support valuable commercial and sports fisheries, but are also utilized for commercial navigation, recreation, and aesthetic pu rposes. Species dependent upon estuaries such as menhaden,shrimp, flounder, oysters and crabs make up over 90 percent of the total value of North Carolina's commercial catch. These species must spend all or some part of their life cylce in the estuary. The high level of commercial and sports fisheries and the aesthetic appeal of coastal North Carolina.is dependent upon the protection and sustained quality of our estuarine areas. 7 Areas Subject to Public Rights - Certain Public Trust Areas Description. All waters of'the Atlantic Ocean and the lands thereunder from the mean high water mark to the seaward limit of State jurisdiction; all natural bodies of water subject to measurable lunar tides and lands thereunder to the mean high water mark; all navigable natural bodies of water and lands thereunder to the mean high water mark or ordinary high water mark as the case may be, except privately owned lakes to which the public has no right of access; all waters in artificially created bodies of water in which exists significant public fishing resources or other public resources which are accessible to .the public by navigation 7Washington County Land Use Plan, May 1976 20 'from bodies of water in which the public has rights of navigation; all waters in artificially created bodies of water in which the public has acquired rights by prescription, custom, usage, dedication or any other means. In determining whether.the public has acquired rights in artificially created bodies-of water, the following factors shall be considered: (i) *the use of the body of water by the public; (ii) the length of time the public has used the area; (iii) the value of public resources in the body of water; (iv) whether the public resources-inthe body of water are mobile to the extent that they can move into natural bodies of water; (v) whether the creation of the artificial.body of water required permission from the State; and (vi) the value of the body of water to the public for navigation from one public area to another public area. For purposes of.the description in 5.0 and 5.1, the following definitions shall apply: (1) Mean High Water mark means the line on the. shore established by the average of-all high tides. It is established bv survev based on available tidal datum. In the absence of such datum, the mean high water mark shall be.determined by physical markings or comparison'of the area.in question with an area having similar physical characteristics for which tidal datum' is readily available. (2) Navigable means navigable-in-fact. (3) Navigable- in-f act means capable of being navigated in its natural condition by the ordinary modes of navigation including modes of navigation used for 21 (3) recreational purposes. The natural condition of a body of wate for purposes of determining navigability shall be the condition of the body of water at mean high water or ordinary high water as the case may be, and the condition of the body of water without man-made obstructions and without- temporary natural obstructions. Temporary natural conditions such as water level fluctuation and, temporary natural obstructions which do not perma- nently or totally prevent navigation do not make an otherwise navigable stream nonnavigable. (4) Ordinary High Water Mark means the natural or clear .line impressed on the land adjacent to the waterbody.' It maybe established by erosion or other easily recognized characteristics such as shelving,,change in.'the character 'of the soil, destruction of ter- resterial vegetation or its inability to grow,- the presence of litter and debris, or other appropriate means which consider the characteristics of the surrounding area. The ordinary high water mark does not extend beyond the well and defined banks of a river where such banks exist. Location. In Washington County, the following waters are identified as public trust waters: Albemarle Sound, Btllls Bay, Lake Phelps, Pungo Lake, Welch's Creek Conaby Creek, Mackey's Creek, and the Scupperno ng River. Significance. 'The public has rights in these waters including navigation and recreation. In addition, these waters support valuable commercial and' sports fisheries, have aesthetic value, and are important potential resources for economic develop- ment. 8 Coastal Wetlands General Coastal wetlands are defined as "any salt marsh or other marsh subject to regular or occasional flooding by tides, including wind tides(whether or not the tide waters reach the marshland areas through natural or artificial watercourses), Washington County Land.Use-.Plan, May 1976 22 provided this shall not include hurricane or tropical storm tides. Salt marshland or other marsh shall be those'areas upon which grow some, but not necessarily all, of the following salt marsh and marsh plant species: Smooth.or salt water Cordgrass (Spartina alterniflor a); Black Needlerush (Juncus roemerianus); Glasswort (Salicornia spp.); Salt Grass.(Distichlis Spicata); 'Sea Lav-end,e-r (limonium spp.); Bulrush (Scirpus spp.); Saw Grass (Cladium Jamaicense); Cat-Tail (Typha spp.); Salt Meadow.Grass (Spa:rtib cynosuroi des)." Included in this statutory definition of wetlands is "such continguous land as.the Secretary of NRCD.reasoiiably deems necessary to affect by any such order in carrying out the purposes of this Section." (G.S. 113-230 (a) Coastal Wetlands - Other Coastal Marshland Description. All other marshland which is not low tidal marshland and which contains the species of vegetation as listed above. Location.. In Washington County, the coastal wetlands proposed as an area of environmental concern are approximately 37 acres of freshwater marsh surrounding the mouth of Deep Creek where it enters Bull's Bay and approximately ten acres of marsh on Albemarle.Sound approximately 300 yards east of the end of N.C. 32 near Bateman's Beach. Significance. This marshland type also contributes to the .detritus supply necessary to the highly productive estuarine ystem. essential to North Carolina's economically valuable commercial and sports fish.eries.9 9 Washington County Land Use Plan, May 1976 23 The higher marsh typss@@offer quality wildlife and' waterfowl habitat depending on the biological and physical conditions of the marsh. The vegetative diversity in the' higher marshes usually supports a greater diversity of wildlife types than the limited habitat of the low tidal marsh. This marshland type also serves an important deterrent to shorleline erosion especially in those marshes containing heavily root ed species. The dense system rhizomes and roots of Juncus roemerianus are highly resistant to erosion. In addition, the higher marshes are effective sediment traps. These areas,'in addition-to areas shown as conservation on the accompanying map constitute the land areas that must be considered in future trends of land development. HOUSING NEEDS As depicted in the Washington County Housing Element, the future land demand to satisfy housing deficiencies in Washington County will be app roximately as follows: PROJECTED HOUSING NEEDS BY TOWNSHIP (1980) .%of New Figure 6 % of Growth 'Households Lees Mill 21 275 Plymouth 57 738 Scuppernong 13 170 Skinnersville 10 53 TOTAL 1)237 24 OPEN SPACE RECREATION No sizeable changes in land demands for Open Space- Recreation purposesake foreseen. The goals as set forth in the Washington County Recreation Plan call for a variety of areas containing a maximum of forty-nine acres. The development of these areas would alleviate the -lack of existing recreation areas but not significantlyalter land demands or present land use. The areas include: Site A: 4 acres(SW of Town o f Plymouth)., Site B: 10 acres(City-County S.R. .1109) Site C: 12 acres(N.C.. 45 - Multi Purpose Center) Site D: 6 acres(Mackeys) Site E: 4 acres(Cherry) Site F: 13 acres(Skinnersville) TOTAL 49 acres See. Exhibit 3 TRANSPORTATION This. category constitutes the strongest force in the magnitude of land demand in thefuture. Due to the economic ramifications Of increase vehicular access, major improvements or alterations in the present road network would be signifi- cant. Tho ugh increased land demand would occur, it is probable that most would take place in close proximity to existing municipalities. This is based upon the existence of utilities, accessory services, and peak traffic centers. The upgrading of U.S. 64 to a 4-lane roadway is seen to be the most probable change in the next 5 - 10 years. In addition, this development would cause the most dynamic change in the transportation/land demand question. 25 M VMHMTM IMUPPY Mot) NORTH CAROLINA 0 u 00 V:7 uu 'MOUTH 0 /* Al ItAll Lu L4q PVAICO LAKC 0 V T D PROPOSED PA'RK Through the accomplishment of several goals and objectives of this document, the land demand and development caused by this transportation corridor could be accomplished effectively. GROWTH EXPECTANCIES No significant changes are expected in the distribution of population in Washington County. All population growth is expected to remain in the northern sectors of the County, clustered around the,municipalities. Growth around the Town 6f.Plymouth is expected to be the most notable. Continuing growth of shoreline home development alo ng the Albemarle Sound is expected with no significant change in the moderate pace that has been set. Slow rates of growth are expected in the Southern extremeties.of the County with no @change in s-ettlement'patterns expected. Thes- growth that does occur should coincide with existing transportation routes with single family residential development the most feasible expectation. SECTION VI - IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES The accomplishment of'a goal stands as the ultimate step in any process. The 'following paragraph, will reveal the general approaches that Washington County intendsto take in accomplishing the.goals and objectives set forth in this document. Through these activities and on-going decisions that are com- patible with these actions, the County will be able to guide 26 their efforts in a effective manner. All of the following activities may be continually reviewed by the appropriate State and Federal agencies to insure that the County's plans are in accordance with stated goals and objectives of the agency in question. Development Controls The County will continue to implement and refine its regulations that govern Mobile Homes, Building Codes and Subdivisions. Each controll will continue to be implemented to insure quality residential development throughout the County. Their application to specific problems within the County will be in accordance with the Washington County Land Use Element and Washington. County Housing Element. The County will move toward the development and implementation of a Zoning Ordin ance. The ordinance will be based uDon work.already accomDlished on the local level (i.e. Land Use Analvsis, Washington County Land Use Plan. 1976, Zoninw Ordinance Considerations, 1977). This base will be strengthened through a variety of methods to Dromote understanding and general acceDtance by- those citizens that are most directly affected, The finalized document will consider all goals and objectives contained herein, in addition to promoting those aspects of the plan within its capabilities. It is felt that 27 througlY;@,,the refinement of a Zoning Ordinance in concert with previously-addressed land use concerns, that a workable, effective zoning guide.can be accomplished. The County will also address those proj ected services and capital improvements reflected in its general growth. Such work will be developed in accordance with the growth outlines addressed in the Land Classification System. It will be done both on the County level and by the municipalities of Roper and Creswell. Such projections will.be in response to tho se priority needs-expressed in thisdocument. Other areas of service and capital improvements will be added as a need is determined. PLANNING ELEMENTS The County of Washington will strive to address both general and specific problems through the development of needed planning documents. These documents will be developed to direct governmental efforts toward policies and actions that will serve the purposes of overall goals. In addition,such documents will provide assistance in the education of various groups and interested parties. Through an educational process, recognition and awareness will be obtained to accomplish many local tasks. Those planning elements needed by the County will be based upon the provisions of this document and include the following: 28 1. Economic Development Rlan 2. Overall Transportation Plan 3. Flood Control Plan 4. County Services Plan 5. Capital Improvements Plan 6. Solid Waste Plan ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT INCENTIVES The local government of Washington County will seek to strengthen its ability to advocate and develop initiatives toward an improved, economic climate. Through the attainment of certain objectives the County will be able to create those conditions that are seen to be most essential in achieving economic improvement. Citizen Participation This element of implementation stands as imperative in the pursuit of stated goals and objectives. Through this activity public approval and support can be generated to accomplish many tasks. Without this element, conflicts, apathy and public resentment.can counter or stymy intended progress. Through existing interest groups, boards, and committees the County will emphasize the need for grass-root concern to direct their efforts. '"Whenever needed, public groups will be called upon to be an active participant in the implementation process.. INTERGOVERNMENTAL ASSISTANCE In order to maximize the role of "government" in the accomplishment of the goals and objectives of this document, Washington County will seek to utilize available governmental resources and expertise whenever possible. The County sees intergovernmental assistance as a primary ingredient in its capabilities to accomplish many tasks. Whenever possible, State, Federal, or Regional staffs will be called upon to investigate, evaluate,and review local conditions. This will be done either in lieu of or in support of local staff efforts in many areasof local concern. The following agencies are seen as significant review bodies for local efforts: Department Natural Resources and Community Development .Division of Environment Management, Water Quality Division of Environment Management, Air Quality Division of Parks and Recreation Division of Marine Fisheries Division of Economic Development Department of Transportation Department of Agriculture Farmers Home Administration Agricultural Stablization and Conservation Service Soil Conservation Service Agricultural Extension Service Department of Promotion and Tourism Department of Archives and History Wildlife Resources Commission East Carolina University Regional Development Institute Albemarle. Regional Planning & Development Commission 30 SECTION VII- LONG AND SHORT-TERM POLICIES The following policies provide evidence of the direction of Washington County's governing body as it relates to the contents of this document. These policies solidify the goals, objectives, projections, and assumptions of this document in the major areas of concern. They project an awareness of land use probl ems and local concerns as they relate to,the existing situation. Their existence will guide all actions and decisions- toward compatible, yet responsible types of land development. Environment Planning Objective: 1. To protect and preserve the scenic, historic, cultural, scientific, and natural attributes of Washington County. 2. To protect public rights-for navigation and recreation and to preserve and manage the public trust waters so as to safeguard and perpetuate their*biological, economic and aesthetic value. 3. To give a high priority to the preservation and management of existing marsh so as to safeguard and perpetuate their biological, economic, and aesthetic value. Economic Policy: To provide stimuli for moderate economic growth without altering the overall character of the County. Policy: To encourage economic progress that will be compatible with the existing economic base and the environment. 31 SE%CTICIN VIII- ASSESSMENTS Historical Assessment Inaccordance with the direct ion of the accompanying element and the Washington County Land Use Element, the County of Wash ington will seek to maintain and preserve the historical, cultural, and archeological resources that exist under its jurisdiction. All goals and objectives undertaken through the iMDle- mentation of this element and related land use documents will examine all aspects of historical, cultural, and archeological significance before irreversible steps are taken. To every extent possible the implementation of these goals and policies will enhance local capabilities to address the preservation' and recognition of sites that would fall under the directive of this statement. None of-the@'stated goals or objectives within the confines of this text are construed to be detrimental or in conflict with any knownlocation of historical, cultural, or archeological value. The following appendix contains an up -to-date listing of those historical sites gained through the following source, Historic and Architectural Resources Region R, prepared by North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources by the, Division of Archives and History. Further information concerning the detailed location of such sites are on file and may be obtained upon request. 32 APPENDIX "All Information taken from: HISTORIC and ARCHITECTURAL RESOURCES of the TAR-NEUSE RIVER BASIN APPENDIX for REGION Q & R@ Prepared By North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources Division of Archives and History WASHINGTON COUNTY 1. Alexander House- N. end of SR 1319, Skinnersville vic. Two-story Federal era house with double-shoulder chimneys. Private. 2. Arnold House.. N. side SR 1316 at jct with NC 32. Leonard's Point vic. Early nineteenth century. Two-story frame dwelling, three bays wide and two deep. Exterior end chimney, front shed porch and rear addition, Federal interiors, flush sheathing under porch. Private. 3. Avres Farm. W. side SR 1329, 1.2 mi. S. of ict. with SR 1300, Westover vic. CA. 1892. Two-story frame building, L-plan. Exterior chimneys, six-over-six sash, eave returns'. beaded tongue and -roove sheathing. Entrances with sidelights. Private. 4. Belgrade. N. side of SR 1158, 0.3 mi. E. of jct. with SR 1159, Creswell vic. One-and-one-half-story frame Federal style house with gable roof and double exterior chimneys of Flemish bond; built about 1800; original simple interior trim remains intact; was home of "Parson" Pettigrew who was elected firs.t bishop of the Episcopal church in North Cariolina(but never consecrated). Private. SL. 5. Blount House. F aces Albemarle Sound, 1.5 mi. N. of SR 1324, Westover vic. Fine two-story frame center- hall plan Federal style dwelling with two exterior chimneys, built about 1800; wide porch on south side of house and ell constructed during Victorian era; interiors intact. Private. SL. 6. Bower Farm. E. side NC 32, 2.6 mi. S. of jct. with SR 1101, Plymouth vic. Two-story gable roof frame nineteenth century house. Exterior end chirmeys one rebuilt, six-over-six sash with casement windows in gable end on righ side. Private. 7. Chesson House. At N. end of SR 1320, Skinnersville vic. Nineteenth century. One-story frame dwelling; center-hall plan two room deep with later wing; original nine-over-nine window sash; interesting interiors include doors with unusual painted designs. Private. 8. J. A. Chesson House. W. Side of SR 1301, 1.0 mi. of N. of jct. with SR 1331, Roper vic. Two-story frame Federal dwelling with single-shoulder chimney with tumbled weatherings at each end; hall-and- parlor plan with late Victorian two-story ell added; stairway enclosed and attic floored. Private. 9. Will Chesson House. On N. side.of US 64, 1.0 mi. W. of jct. with SR 1136, Skinnersville vi'c. Fine, large scale center-hall plan Federal era house built about 1820 by sea captain; vernacular interior. Private. 10. Joshia.P. Davenport House. W. side SR 1141, 0.2 mi. S. of jct.'with US 64, Scuppernong vic. Two-story frame Greek Revival farmhouse, three bays wide and two deep. Exterior end chimney, central entrance, front shed porch and rear addition. Private. 11. Furlough House. N. side of US 64, opp. ict. with SR 1119, Roper vic. Two-story frame dwelling built during the Federal era; unusually small windows at the second level; first floor altered. Private. 12. Garrett's Island Home. S. side SR 1112, 1.8 mi. E. of jct. with SR 1113,.Plymouth.vic. Built about 1750, probably by Daniel Garrett; small frame house with gambrel -roof, shed dormers, and .exterior brick chimneys; interior contains fluted mantel with paneled overmantel. Private. SL. 13. Harrison-Blount House. SE. corner of ict. of SR 1119 and 1122, Roper vic. Federal style center-hall plan dwelling with Victorian alterations. Probably built by James J. Harrison. Nearby is site of Lee's Milli begun in 1702 by Capt. Thomas Blount, operated until 1921. Private. SL. 14. Holly Grove Plantation. Long drive on E. side.of SR 1310, - 0.1 mi.- S. of jct. with SR 1311, Creswell vic. One-story cottage with gable roof and front shed porch. Nine-over-nine sash on first level, six-over-six on second. Exterior end chimneys, Federal and Greek Revival elements in interior. Private 15. Homestead Farm (Hassell House). SW. corner of jct. of US 64 with SR 1120, Roper vic. Original two- room frame Federal style farmhouse built about 1800, later two-story front portion. Private. 16. House. Private road on W. sideof SR 1137, 0.3 mi. S. of jct. with SR 1136, Pleasant Grove vic. Two- story-fra'me mid-nineteenth century house, three bays wide with gable roof. Front hip roof porch, interior chimneys, six-over-six sash, central entrance. Private. 17. Jackson House. W., side SR 1100, 0.5 mi. N. of ict. with SR 1101, Hoke vic. Main block is a two-story center-hall weatherboarded.frame dwelling, three bays wide and two deep. Gable roof on main house, shed porch along front, two exterior end double- shouldered and stepped brick chimneys. Kitchen had exterior end single-shoulder mud and stick chimney, now gone, one of very few known standing recently in North Carolina. Private. 18. Johnson-Swain House. S. side of SR 1111, 0.7 mi. E. of jct. with SR 1113, Plymouth Vic. Two-story frame house with large double-shouldered brick chimney. Private. 19. Mockingbird Hill Cottage. S. side of end of SR 1151, Cherry vic. One-story and attic frame cottage, mid-nineteenth century. Gable roof with full length shed porch, replaced end chimney. Private. 20. Morattuck Church. N. side of SR 1106, 0.8 mi. E. of jct. with SR 1105, Plymouth vic. Congregation estab- lished in 1785; first building burnedand was . replaced by the present structure built in 1865; one-story'frame gable roof building, two bayswide and four deep. Abandoned and deteriorated. Private. 21. Nichols-Vale House. N. side of SR 1111, 0.8 mi. SW. 'of jct. with US 64, Plymouth vic. Ca. 1800. Two- story frame Federal style house, center-hall plan; exterior double-shouldered chimneys. Private. 22. Ephram Pritchett House. E. side SR 1303, at jct. with SR 1308, Creswell vic. Two-story frame dwelling with double tier front porch with shed roof. Three bays wide, two deep, exterior end chimneys, later rear addition. Second half nineteenth century. Private. 23. Rehoboth Church. S. side of US 64, 0.4 mi. W. of jct. with SR 1317, Skinnersville vic. One-story -form church completed in 1853a frame temple said to have been constructed and finished by slaves of J.S. Norman who donated the land. Private. NR. 24. St. David's Chapel. SE corner jct. of SR 1158 and 1159, Creswell vic. Original portion of this frame church was built in 1803 by the Reverend Charles Pettigrew of Belgrade and known as Pettigrew's Chapel; building altered in 1857 after a design by Richard Upjohn and in 1858 reorganized under the name of St. David's Chapel. Private. SL. 25. Somerset Place*State Historic Site. N. side of Lake Phelps,@just S. of jct. of SR 1167 and 1168," Creswell vic. The plantation itself was developed in late eighteenth century with a vast system of canals, draining swampland and providing irrigation for early rice crops. The machinery there, very advanced for the period, was widely admired. Slaves brought direct from Africa late in eighteenth century retained their African culture to a remarkable extent. "House, outbuildings, much of canal system remain. The house,.built for Josiah Collins III about 1830, is one of the best extant examples of coastal plantation houses ol'the period. State Historic Site'. Public. NR. 26. B. F. Spring Farm. N. side SR 1126, 0.3 mi. E. of jct. with SR 1149, Cherry vic. One-story frame co.ttage with gable roof and engaged front shed porch and rear shed. Beaded siding, brick exterior end chimneys. Typical small nineteenth century dwelling. Private. 27. Dewey Spruill House. Long Drive on S. side of SR 1163, 0.1 mi. E. of jct. with SR 1162, Cherry vic. Two-story mid-nineteenth frame dwelling three bays wide, six-over-six-sash. Exterior end chimneys, single-stepped shoulders. Much original interior fabric intact, deteriorated condition. Private. 28. Winfield Spruill House. N. side SR 1300, 0.2 mi W. of jct. with US 64, Pleasant Grove vic. Two- story frame dwelling-J. three bays wide and two bays deep. Central entrance, gable roof, two exterior stepped double-shoulderchimneys, nine-over-six sash. Enclosed stair, much original fabric. Deteriorated. Private. 29. Swanner-Lamb House. Jct. of SR 1318, 1319, and 1320. Skinnersville vic. Mid-nineteenth century two-story frame house, wide shed front porch and enclosed rear shed. Private. 30. Thompson House. SE. side SR 1119, 0.5 mi. SW. of jct. with SR 1120, Roper vic. Simple two-story frame Federal house; unusual is the New England type saltbox form, rare in North Carolina. Private. SL. 31. Walker House (Harrison House). On E. side SR 1119, 0.4 mi. N. of jct. with SR 1120, Roper vic. Saltbox type dwelling with exterior chimneys and unusually high water table; said built 'by retired New England sea captain. Private. 32. Westover Plantation. S. side SR 1300, 0.3 mi. W. of jct. with SR 1329, Westover vic. A two-story, three- bay frame structure in the Greek Revival style. A one-story porch covers the center bay. Numerous 'outbuildings. Private. SL. CRESWELL 33. Creswell Commercial Buildings. Creswell. Cohesive group of late nineteenth century, early twentieth century commercial structures, mostly frame with gable fronts. SL.. 34. Houses. Collection of mid-through late nineteenth century and early twentieth century frame structures showing Greek Revival and Victorian.influences. Many ornamental porches. Private. PLYM OUTH 35. Armistead House. 302 W. Main Street. Mid-nineteenth century. Two-story frame dwelling, five bays wide with exterior end chimneys, Greek Revival interior detail. Private. 36. Addie Brinkley House. 201 E. Main Street. Handsome two-story Victorian house with bracketed eaves, other ornament. Private. 37. Dave Brinkley Cottage.- 212 Jefferson Street. Mid- nineteenth century. One-story frame cottage, central entrancewith transome and side-lights. Front shed porch with turned posts, interior end chimney, later addition at rear. Private. 38. David Clark House. 219 Jefferson Street. Built ca. 1811. Two-story frame side-hall-plan Federal style dwelling. Private. 39. Fort Williams. N. side of 1325, opp. jct. with SR 1342. Sitelof Confederate fort captured by Federal -troops early in Civil War and recaptured by Confederate forces in April 1864. Private. 40. Grace Episcopal Church. SW corner of Madison and Water Streets. Established 1837; constructed after plans drawn by Richard Upjohn; brick Gothic Revival structure completed 1861. Private. SL. 41. Hampton Academy. Across from 109 E. Main Street. Two- story brick building with hip roof and front cross gable, round arched window surrounds. Private. 42. Hornthall House. 108 W. Main Street. Two-story frame house with hip roof intersected by cross gables with sawn bargeboards and finials. Recent two-story porch and altered central entrance. Late nineteenth century. Private. 43. Latham House. 311 E. Main Street. Ca. 1850. Two-story center-hall plan frame dwelling; Greek Revival style with bracketed cornice. Built by Charles Latham, lawyer, state legislator and sheriff. Private. SL. 44. Nichols House. 220 Washington Street. Ca. 1804. Two-story center-ball plan frame Federal style dwelling. Altered. Private. 45. Plymouth Depots (Passenger and Freight). Four one-story gable roof structures, two of brick and two of frame. Typical early twentieth century railroad buildings. Private. 46. Plymouth United Methodist Church. SW. corner of 3rd at Adams Street. One-story brick veneered gable'end church, one-by-five bays. Two-story central bay tower. Built ca. 1832, brck veneered' 1932. Congregation founded in 1832. Private. 47. Spruill House. 326 Washington Street. Late nineteenth century., story-and-a-half cottage ornee. Frame structure with a hip roof intersected by cross gables. Sawnwork, interior chimneys and an ornate finial. Private. SL. .48. Stubbs House. Winesett Circle. Ca. 1830. Large two- story Greek Revival frame dwelling'. Porch recent. Private. ROPER 49. 'Roper Commer.cial District. Small late nineteenth-early twentieth century commercial district with brick and frame structures. Similar period frame houses, forming a homogeneous townscape. 50. Downing-Spruill House. N. side US 64, 0.1 mi. W. of jct. with SR 1301. Two-story Federal period house with hip roof. Private. 51. Hebron.Methodist Church.. N.,side Buncombe Avenue, opp. jct. with Bunk Stre@'et.-. Greek'ReVival era structure.built in.1842. Private. 52. Mizell-Lewis House. NW. side of Buncombe Avenue, just SW. of Deep Creek. Greek Revival era dwelling constructed about 1850 by Anson Mizell; interior chimneys,'pedimented gable ends. Private. 53. St. Luke's Episcopal Church. E. side Bush Street between John Street and Buncombe Avenue., Early twentieth century.' Small frame church with pointed arch windows, entrancetower with belfry. Private. Note: N.R.-National Register Properties S.L.-Cultural Resources Study List Environmental Assessment The primary-purpose of any land use planning effort .centers around the ability to mitigate future, adverse environmental consequences through rational and thorough determinations. Allowing the products of this work to stay compatible and further the overall goal of environmental. protection will be a primary effort on the local level. Several goals and objectives contained within this document@ specifically the control, improvement and preser- vation needs of the local environment stand as noted examples of local committment. Their application will provide a demonstrative step in the balancing of land development practices and environmental concerns, ensuring both short and long-term public benefit. The stated goals and object@ves that pro mote future land development will beimplemented with the assurance that the natural environment will not be adversely affected..-This will be ensured.through local control efforts, and in acco rdanc e with applicable state and federal environmental law. Alternatives The existing alternatives to local land use planning is complete control by either the federal, state or regional level of governmental administration. Though cooperation with- each is insisted by this document, the alternative of no local 33 control to guide land use efforts i s not seen as workable. The alternative of no land use planning efforts is seen to be an endorsement of mismanagement of land resources eventually leading to irreversible and unworkable environmental consequences. 34 BIBLIOGRAPHY Albemarle Resource Conservation and Development Plan of,North Carolina, The Albemarle RC&D Council, April 20, 1976. Appendix "A", Historic and Ar chitecttiral Resources of the Tar- Neuse River Basin Appendixfor Region Q & R, North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources, Division of Archives and History. Washington County Housing Plan,,Wa shington County Community Development/Planning Office, December 1977. Washington County Land.Use Analysis, Department of Natural and Economic Resources, May 1974. Washington County Land Use Conflicts, Washington County Board of Commissioners and Washington County Citizens, Department of Natural and Economic Resources, 1976. Washington County Land Use Plan, Department of Natural Resources and Community Development, May 20, 1976. Washington County Recreation Plan, Washington County Community Development/Planning Office, June 1977. GJAST A WORMATION CENTER 3 6668 14108 6746