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COASTAL ZUNt WORMATION PENIER KURE BEACH LAND USE P lip 74@ 0 FID jr 211 -N8 14. % K8 4. 1976 r.* COASTAL ZONE INFORMATION CENTER NOTICE TO USERS All major policy related map's and.documents are either included within the text or attached to the back of the plan. However, due to the expense and technical limitations required for reprinting some illustrations may be omitted. Complete copies are available for inspection at the N. C. Coastal Resources Commission offices in Raleigh or at the local government offices. TOWN OF KURE BEACH, NORTH CAROLINA LAND USE PLAN Prepared By The Kure Beach Town Council Charles R. Smith, Mayor Technical Assistance Provided By State of North Carolina Department of Natural and Economic Resources Local Planning and Management Services Section Southeastern Field Office John J. Hooton, Chief Planner James B. Taylor, Planner in Charge David Long, Planner Technician Melba Thompson, Planner Technician Resolution Number (1976) RESOLUTION TO ADOPT'COASTAL AREA-MANAGEMENT ACT LAND USE PLAN FOR THE TOWN OF KURE BEACH Whereas, the Town is a community within the jurisdiction of the Coastal Area Management Act and has chosen to pre- pare its own land use plan as required by the Act, and; Whereas, the plan has been prepared in accordance with the provisions of the Coastal Area Management Act, now; Therefore, be it resolved by the Town Council of the Town of Kure Beach, That the Land Use Plan and Synopsis are hereby adopted for submission to the Coastal Resources Commission for their review and approval. Mayor )0 axzj@@"'4 /@@ _e Town Clerk TABLE OF CONTENTS I.. INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . II. DESCRIPTION OF PRESENT CONDITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. A. Population and Economy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 B. Existing Land Use . . . . . . . . . o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 C. Current Plans, Policies and Regulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 III. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION ACTIVITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . o 15 A. Major Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 B. Development Alternatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 C. Land Use Objectives, Policies and Standards . . . . . . . . . . . 17 D. Process Used to Determine Objectives and Policies . . . . .. . . . 20 E. Methods Employed in Public Participation . . . . . . . . o . . . . 21 IV. CONSTRAINTS . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 A. Land Suitability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 1) Physical Limitations for Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 a) Hazard Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . o . . . . . . . . . 23 (1) Man-Made Areas . . . . . . . . . . o . . . . . . . . 23 (2) Natural o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23* b) Soil Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 c) Water Supply Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 d) Steep Slopes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont.) 2) Fragile Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 a) Coastal Wetlands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . 29 b) Sand Dunes Along the Outer Banks . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 c) Ocean Beaches and Shorelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 d) Estuarine Waters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 e) Public Trust Waters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 3) Areas with Resource Potential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Capacity of Community Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 1) Existing Water and Sewer Service Areas . . . . . . . . . . . 31 2) Water System and Degree of Utilization . . . . . . . . . . . 31 3) Sewer System and Degree of Utilization . . . . . . . . . . . 31 4) Primary Roads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5) Schools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 V. ESTIMATED DEMAND A. Population and Economy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 B. Future Land Needs . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 C. Community Facilities Demand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 VI. PLAN DESCRIPTION . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 A. Land Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 B. Proposed Areas of Environmental Concern . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 C. Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont.) VII. SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 VIII. CITY-COUNTY PLAN RELATIONSHIP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 47 IX. APPENDIX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 LIST OF TABLES Population: 1930-1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Surrounding Municipalities 1960-1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Population Characteristics: 1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Age Characteristics (1970) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1973-1974 Population Estimates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Occupation of Persons (1969) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Personal Income Characteristics (1969) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Occupation by Industry (1969) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Distribution of Income for Families (1969) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Existing Land Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Estimates of Total Damages from Hurricanes . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Soil Interpretations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Population Projection . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . ... . . 34 1985 Land Demand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 LIST OF MAPS Flood Hazard Boundary . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . 26 Soils Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 INTRODUCTION "Let's go to the beach!" This is a suggestion, request, or demand heard throughout North Carolina and indeed throughout many states as spring and summer approach. For-those living at or near the coast, it may mean a walk to the strand or a one day visit to a local beach. For those living further'away, it may mean a weekend trip or a week long vacation to the coast and for some it means moving into the summer cottage for a stay of from one to three months. To the permanent residents of Kure Beach the "season" means many different things--economic benefits for the commercial interests, increased.recreational activities, an influx of tourists--som6,old-friends and.some new friends, increased levels of,public service needed to provide for a safe, clean and enjoyable beach. To some the "season" is a time of good business. To others it is a time to relax and enjoythe good weather, good food, and a stay at the beach. And to still others it is a time when the quiet and solitude of the beach is broken by the mass of people who stay up late, get up early, tramp across the sand dunes, leave trash and litter everywhere and, in general, spoil the, beauty of the,area. In 1974, the North Carolina General Assembly recognizing the viewpoints,.: expressed above passed the Coastal, Area Management Act of 1974. In passing the Act (CAMA) the General Assembly declared, " . . . that among North Carolina's most valuable resources are its coastal land and waters.. The coastal area, and in particular the estuaries, are among the most biologi- cally productive regions of this State and of the nation. Coastal and estuarine waters and marshlands provide almost 90 percent (90%) of the most productive sport fisheries on the east coast of the United States." In recent years the coastal area has been subjected to increasing pressures which are the result of the often conflicting need of a society expanding in industrial development, in population, and in the recreational aspirations of its citizens. Unless these pressures are controlled by coordi- nated management,@the very features of the coast which make it economically, esthetically,'and ecologically rich will be destroyed." The Coastal,Area Management Act calls for a comprehensive plan for the protection, preservation, orderly development, and management of the coastal area of North Carolina." In the implementation of the coastal area management plan, the public's opportunity to enjoy the physical, esthetic, cultural, and recreational qualities of the natural shorelines of the State shall be preserved to the greatest extent feasible, water resources,shall be managed in order to pre- serve and enchance water quality and to-prov ide optimum utilization of water resources; land resources shall be managed in order to guide growth and development and to minimize damage to the natural environment, and private property rights shall be preserved in accord with the Constitution of this State and of the United States. The Act is in four parts, each dealing with one aspect of a comprehen- sive management program. The four parts are: Organization@and Goals, Planning Processes,, Areas of Environmental Concern, and.Permit Letting and Enforcement. Part One, Organization and Goals, establishes the fifteen member Coastal Resources Commissi'on with an advisory council composed of members with,special technical backgrounds from both State and local government. The Coastal, Resources Commission members are all residents of the twenty county coastal area and are appointed by the Governor from a1ist of nominees from the local' governments involved in the coastal area. The goals stated in the Act are: (1) to provide a management system capable of preserving and managing the natural ecological conditions of the estua- rines, the dunes and the beaches; (2) to insurel@that the development or preservation of the land and water resources is consistent with the land and water capabilities; (3) to insure the orderly and balanced use and preservation of our coastal resources on behalf of the people of North Carolina'and the nation; and (4) to establi,sh policies, guidelines, and standards for the use, protection, and development of:our coastal lands and waters. Part Two, Planning Processes, establishes the authority of the CRC to prepare guidelines for local land use plans and delegates to local government the responsibility to prepare its own land use plan consistent with the guidelines. -2- Part Three, Areas of Environmental Concern gives the Coastal Resources Commission the authority to adopt and designate Areas of Environmental Concern. Once these AECs are established the local land use plans will be Used as guides in the issuance of permits for development in the designated AEC's. Part Four, Permit Letting and Enforcement establishes the criteria for enforcement of the land use plans within Areas of Environmental Concern. Any development within an Area of Environmental Concern must have a permit. The Act does not require permits for development outside Areas of Environmental Concern. The Act requires the following projects in areas on environmental concern to obtain a permit from the Coastal Resources Commission: those pro- Jects currently needing state permits; those of greater than 20 acres in size, those that"i.nvolve drilling or excavating natural resources on land or under water; those which involve construction of one or more structures having an area in excess of 60,000 square feet will require a permit from the Coastal Resources :Commission. Local governments will establish regulations for what types of:developments in Areas of Environmental Concern will need permits from them.- -3- DESCRIPTION OF PRESENT CONDITIONS A. Population and Economy The population of Kure Beach is somewhat difficult to accurately gauge, for the Town is largely centered on tourist trade. This, of course, means that as the seasons change, so does the population. Although no figures are available, it would not be unlikely for the Town's population to increase by a factor of ten or more during the peak summer months. The Town is dependent upon this influx of vaca- tioners, for it is through this means that the local economy is sustained. For the purpose of planning the Kure Beach landscape, however, the focus will be shifted to the Town's permanent population I. . . it is.this segment of the people who represent the true core of the Town,and who wil be the most active in providing input into Kure Beach's decision-making processes. The first United States Census count of total population in Kure.. Beach was made in 1950, when the town housed 228 permanent residents. .In 1960, the figure was 293 and in 1970, 394, which is a 34.5% increase over-the previous decade. The rate of growth was more than twice the county's rate,-,but was substantially less than that of Federal,Point Township (+58.1%) in which Kure Beach is'llocated. The Town ofCarolina Beach, which is also a part of the township, grew by 30.5% during the last decade. This indicates that a great.deal of the township's growth occurred In unincorporated areas. Kure Beach's appeal to the retiree is. reflected in an analysis of the age distribution of the town's population. The State of North Carolina, New Hanover County and Federal Point Township each listed slightly over 8% of their residents over the age of 65. Kure Beach registered 14.7% of all persons in this grouping--about 75% more than 'the other areas studied. Accompanying this age characteristic is further evidence of a retirement community: only 24.1% of the towns- people were under 18 compared with a state@ average of about 35%. JM median age of Kure Beach, or that point At which half of the populationi, -4- is o0der and half younger, is approximately 33 or 34.(calculated from age breakdowns) while the state, county and township average out to about 27.5 years. -It is, also interesting to note that 15.7% of the population in 1970 was between the ages of 55 and 64. A breakdown of the population by sox shows that Kure Beach differs significantly from the state in that males comprise a majority of the town's population. There are 3% more males and 3% less.females in Kure Beach than in the state as a whole. Population: County, Township, Town (1930 - 70) New Hanover Federal Point Townsbio Kure Beach 1930 439010 792 1940 47,935 (+11.5Z) 1409 (+77.9Z) 1950 63JO272 (+32.0) 2473 (+75.5) 228 1960 719742 (+13.4) 3234 (+30.8) 293 (+28.5Z) 1970 82,996 (+15.7) 5113 (+58-1) 394 (34.5) ''SURROUNDING MUNICIPALITIES: CHANGE 1960 - 70 1960 1970- Percent Ch!!MLe Kure Beach 293 394 +34.5Z Carolina Beach 1192 1663 +39.5 Wilmington 44013 46169 + 4.9 Wrightsville Beach 723 1701 +135.3 POPULATION CRARACTERISTICS: 1970 Black Median Total:, Male Female White btber Race* Under 18 Over 65 New Banover 8299C_ 47.8Z 52.2Z 64.2Z 33.8Z 34-51 3.4Z 27.8 Federal Point Tvp 5113. 49.9 50.2 90.4 9.6 32.3 8.5 28.3 Kure Beach 394 52.0 48.0 96.4 3.6 24.1 14.7 (33-34 North Carolina 5082059 49.0 51.0 77.0 .23.0 34.6 8.11 26.5 AGE CHARACTERISTICS (1970): --KURE BEACH Male Female Total Under 5 10 7 17 (4.3Z) 5-9 13 10 23 (5.8) 10-14 9 16 25 (6.3) 15-19 16 15 31 (7.9) 20-24 30 19 49 (12.4) 25-34 26 28 54 (13.7) 35-44 is 17 35 (8-9) 45-54 28 12 40 (10.2) 55-64 45 62 (15-7) 65-74 '25 11 36 (9.11' Over 75 13 9 22 (5.6) 205 189 394 (100Z) -5- 1973 1974 Population Estimates 1973 1974 Kure Beach 440, 470 As of July 1, according to NC Dept. of Administration, O.S.P. -6- The economy of Kure Beach is centered on tourist trade and most .businesses depend on the summer season to support themselves for the remainder of the year. With the exception of a few novelty and con- venience stores, the Town is dominated by food and lodging establishments. There are several motels within Kure Beach as well as a number of cottages and apartments which are available for renting. Economic information relating to Kure Beach is provided by the 1970 U.S. Census. Statistics are maintained on the "tract" level, (which in Kure Beach's case comprises an area larger than the usual town limits) and describe the economic condition of the particular area with regard to income, employment mix, etc. Several of these economic indicators, such as poverty level information and median family income, are compiled on the counti level due to Kure Beach's relatively small population. An occupational breakdown of the Kure Beach tract shows that'in two categories, managers-administrators and service workers, there exists a concentration of workers.@ Perhaps this is attributable to an unusually large population of persons employed in restaurants, motels, and domestic labor. Balancing this concentration is a lower percentage of professional and technical employees. An industrial classification reveals that Whole- sale-retail trade is strong in the Kure Beach tract, while manufacturing fs well below'state and county averages. Thcome leveIs in New Hanover County are generally higher than the state's: median.family income, mean family income, and per capita income are all above the North Carolina average.- Per capita, for example,.is $2761,in the County versus $2492 in the state. Median family income is roughly $500 higher. About one half of all families in the Kure Beach tract'have incomes below $7000, while one-half are about this level.. Although the exact median family income is unavailable from the U.S., Census, it would appear that it would be significantly lower than the, state average of $7774. The incidence of poverty in New Hanover County is somewhat lower than the state figure -.18.7% of all persons are classified below the poverty level (which is a flexible figure based on number of persons in a family, farm/non-farm employment, etc.) while, 20.3% of all persons in the state are below this level. -7- OCCUPATION OF PERSONS (1969) Kure Beach Tract New Hanover North Carolina ..'Professional,'technical kindred 71 (6.9Z) 4286 (13.1%) 11.0 Managers & Administrators (except farm) 141(13.8) 3398 (10.4) 7*5 Sales workers 75 (7.3) 2440 (7.5 6.0 Clerical and Kindred 152 (14.8) 5243 (16.0) 14.0 Craftsmen, Foreman, Etc. 169 (16.5) 5293 (16.2) 14.5 Operatives and Kindred 184 (18.0) 5868 (17.9) 26.3 Service Workers 192 (18-7) 4318 (13.2) 11.0 Farm Laborers and Foremen 7 (0.7) 231 (0.7) 2.0 Farmers & Farm Managers 0 (0.0) 58 (0.1) 2.6 Laborers (except farm) 34 (3.3) 1615 (4.9) 5.0 1025 (lOOZ) 32750 (lOOZ) 100% PERSONAL INCOME CHARACTERISTICS.(1969) New Hanover North Carolina Urban N.C. Median Family Income $8272 $7774 $8588 Mean Family Income 9368 8872 .10043 Per Capita Income 2761 2492 2i77 Persons Below'Poverty Level, 18.1Z 20-3Z 17.1Z Families Below P6verty Level, 14.3Z 16.3% 13.1% OCCUPATION BY INDUSTRY OF EMPLOYED PERSONS (1969) Kure Beach Tract New Hanover North Carolina Construction 119 (11.6%) 2726 (8.3Z) 6.7Z Manufacturing 140 (13.71) 8388 (25@6) 35.4 Transportation, Communication 60 (5.9) 2905 (8.9) 5.6 Utitlities & Sanitation Wholesale and Retail 344 (33.6) 6977 (21.3) 17.6 Financial, Insurance, 76 (7.4) 2352 (7.2) 5.6 Business & Repair Heelth, Ediication, Welfare, 85 (8.3) 4592 (14.0) 14,.2 Legal and Professional Services Public Administration 44 (4.3) 1423 (4.3) 3.5 Other Industries (includ2s farm) 157 (15-3) 3387 (10.3) 11'. 4 1025 (10OZ) 32,750 (10OZ) 10OZ 0'. j DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME FOR FAMILIES t1969) New,Hanover Kure Beach Tract N.C. Urbart N.C. teas than $1000 613 t2.8% 36 0.6% 3.4% 2.7% $1000 - 1"8 1038 (4.7 17 t2.2 5.4 4.1 2000 - 2999 1186 t5.4 69 t8.9 5.7 4.8 3000 - 3999 1389 (6.3 55 (7.1 6.5 5.8 4000 - 4999 1532 (7.0 63 (8.1 7.2 6.5 5000 - 5999 1658 (7.5 76 (9.8 8.0 7.3- 6000 - 6999 1586 (7.2 80 (10.3 7.8 7.3 7000 - 7999 1571 t7.1 78 t10.0 7.7 7 3 8000 - 8999 1556 t7.1 62 t8.0 7.6 7:2 9000 - 9999 1483 t6.7 59 (7.6 6;. 9 6.8 10000 - 11999 2853 W-0 67 (8.6 11.7 12.1 12000 - 14999 2551 (11.6 31 (4.0 .10.6' 12.0 15000 - 24999 2320 (10.5 61 (7.9 9.0 12.1 25000 - 49999 551 t2-5 17 (2.2 2.0 3.2 50,000 or more (0-5 6 tO.7 0.5 0.7 21994 t100% 777 (10OZ 100Z 100Z -9- Housinq In 1970, the total count of housing units in Kure Beach, including seasonal dwellings, was 622. Four hundred and thirty-four of these units were seasonal, 86 were owner occupied, 71 renter occupied and 31 vacant. Overcrowding in the permanently occupied units is generally defined as that condition which exists when the number of persons residing in a housing unit reaches 1.01 or greater per room. Kure Beach listed 10.8% of its permanent units overcrowded, which is just slightly higher than the State average. A unit is considered substandard if it lacks one or more plumbing facilities--Kure Beach was well below the state.figure of 14.3 substandard, listing only 2.5% in this condition. Kure Beach North Carolina Total Units 622 1,641,222 Occupied 83.6% 92.0% Owner 54.7% 65.4% Rental 45.3Z 34.6% Vacancy Rate 16.4% 8.Cz Overcrowding Rate 10.8% 10.2Z Incomplete Plumbing Rate 2.5% 14.3% B. Existing Land Use There are 244 acres of land within the corporate limits of Kure Beach, approximately 42% of which has been devel*oped with urban/built-up uses. The majority of the urban/built-up land lies below Seventh Avenue, and has been divided into 5000 and 2500 square foot lots. The area north of Seventh Avenue (along with approximately three acres south of Avenue I above Sixth Avenue) is contained within the Sunny Point Military Ocean Termi1nal Buffer Zone. Development is restricted within this area and. is therefore devoid of any sort of residential, commercial structures, etc. Kure Beach has recently entered into negotiations with Sunny Point officials,in an-effort to retrace the boundary some 450 feet westward. This, of course, would place the boundary in the vicinity of Ninth Avenue and provide the Town with additional developable space within its limits.. Kure Beach is focused upon the Atlantic Ocean and began its first stages of development along the shoreline. Successive stages of development have generally-taken pl,ace in a row-like pattern, each row progressing _10- further westward toward the Cape Fear River. The "center" of the Town appears to be the intersection of Second Avenue (US 421) and Avenue K, for this seems to be the point around which most of the commercial development and Town's activities has become clustered. Residential areas in Kure Beach enjoy very few intrusions of non-compatible land uses (e.g., commercial, industrial). The main traffic artery (Second Avenue) is threatened with a minor case of "strip development", which if allowed to progress, could cause serious traffic flow problems, friction with residential areas, and general congestion. Ready contact and exposure to passing motorists render this. highway especially vulnerable to haphazard and cluttered develop- ment. Another impending land use hazard is the erosion of the beach- front, which has already begun to consume portions of lots along the southern end of the beach. These lots are now unsuitable for most forms of future development. The following section briefly outlines characteristics of each 1and use category in Kure Beach: Residenti'al - Approximately 46 acres, representing 44.6% of all developed land and 18.9% of the total land area of Kure Beach, are devoted to single family 'residences in Kure Beach. About 1.5 acres are used for multi-family residences. Many of these units are seasonal residences and are vacant for a large part of the year; a sizeable number of these units were also judged substandard (e.g., transplanted army barracks, hastily-constructed shanties, and outdated mobile homes). Permanent residences were generally considered to be in better condition than the seasonal units. Commercial - A little over 6 acres (5.8%) of developed land) are occupied with commercial structures. A good deal of these structures are seasonally-oriented businesses such as motels, restaurants, novelty shops, etc. which are located along Second Avenue. Government-Institutional 7 Government and institutional land uses, such as churches and municipal buildings, occup y less than 2 acres (1.7% of developed land) in Kure Beach. Although scattered throughout Town, land use compatibility is not a major problem due to the basically unoffen- sive nature of this use. Industrial -.There are no industrial land uses in Kure Beach. Transportation, Communication and Utilities - A somewhat unusual situation exists in Kure Beach in that nearly half (46.2%) of its developed land is used for streets as opposed to about 20% for the average American city. Utilities/communiciation comprise another .15 acres. Undeveloped Land - Roughly 57 acres of land that is, potentially "developable" (i.e., outside of the Buffer Zone) is presently undeveloped. This accounts for about 35% of all land that is developable. Buffer Zone - Roughly 84 acres lie within the Sunny Point Buffer Zone, representing over one-third of all land within the corporate limits. EXISTING LAND USE % of Acres Develop-ed,Land % of Total Type Residential Single-family 46.35 44.6% 18.9 kulti-family 1.47 1.4 0.6 Commercial 6.10 5.9 2.5 industrial 0.0 0.0 0.0 Government-Institutional 1.77 1.7 0.7. Transportation, Communication, Utilities .15 0.1 0.1 Streets 48.00 46.2 19.7 Total Developed 103.84 100.0% Undeveloped 57.20 - 23.4 buffer Zone 83.48 34.1 Total 244.16 100.0% Beaches The Town has one mile of beach comprising about 12 acres of land. Hurricanes and severe northeastern storms have taken a tremendous tol'I on the beach converting a once beautiful, wide expanse of beach backed-by natural dunes into a narrow steep slope of sand backed by a bulkhead along the northern part of the ocean front. The southern.shore has eroded very badly and the high water line@is moving landward at a rate -12- of about four feet per year.* The erosion has taken the front lots along what was once Atlantic Avenue and will very soon destroy some struc- ture along US 421 (Second Avenue). The following Table indicates the estimated damage costs of five major hurricanes that have affected Kure @Beach since the 1940's. Estimates of total damages from recent hurricanes, Kure Beach -Lbasad on Januaa 1960 price and development levels) Damage Aug. 17, 155 Aug. 1, 144 Sept. 27, 158 Aug..12, 155, Oct.:15" 154 type ("DIane") ("Helena") ("Zonnie") 1%4zel") Private 4 200 86,000 118,500 69,400 211,600 Business 18:000 49,500 4,100 86,800 Public' 65,200 29,600 34,700 155,200 Beach' 27 800 51 600 15!0000 41 600 162 700 113',200 137,@600 blat TOTAL Source: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, "Carolina Beach and Vicinity Hurricane Report" XAy, 1962, page 42. Compatibility Problems 'Significant land use compatibility problems exist in two areas, man-made and environmentally., The lots south of Avenue G were originally platted 25 feet wide by 100 feet deep. Many structures were erected.in, the area before the Town enacted zoning regulations requiring lots with 50 feet of frontage in order to build a house. Another problem of compati- bility stems from the numerous "shacks'! in the Town. These units were, moved into the.area where a nearby military base was closed and the barracks sold.to I private individuals. Second Avenue,, which is the main traffic route through town (US 421) is threatened with a minor case of ,strip development, which if allowed to progress, could cause serious traffic flow problems, friction with residential areas, and general congestion. Ready contact and exposure to passing motorists renders center for Marine and Coastal Studies, N.C. State University, "A survey of North Carolina Beach Erosion'by Air Photo Methods, May, 1973,!Pg. 12. -13- this highway especially vulnerable to haphazard and cluttered development. Erosion of the beach has already begun to consume portions of the beach front lots along the southern end of the Town. These lots are now unsuitable for most forms of development. With the development of existing land uses spread fairly evenly throughout the Town, there does not appear to be any areas likely to experience any major changes. C. Current Plans@j Policies, Regulations Kure Beach, currently enforces both a Zoning Ordinance and the North Carolina State Building Code. Building permits are required of all new construction within the Town Limits. The Town also partici- pates in the County Erosion Control program as well as the emergency phase of the National Flood Insurance Program. As the Town progresses into the regular phase of this program, stringent development controls will be placed on new construction occurring within a designated flood hazard area. The Town has approved a thoroughfare plan map in cooperation with ;the N.C. Department of Transportation. There is currently no time- table for any changes in street or highway routing. -14- POBLIC PARTICIPATION ACTIVITIES. Public participation in the.local land use plan is mandated by the Coastal Resources Commission. For any plan to be effective it must reflect the,needs and desires of the local citizens. The goals and objectives listed below were developed over a series of meetings, surveys and inter- views. They have been presented in several public meetings which'have been advertised by television, radio, newspaper, posters, handbills and word- of-mouth. Attendance was not as good as we would have liked but response to the presentation of those present was good and discussions lively. Included in these meetings were discussions of probable areas of.environ- mental concern and their proposed land uses which will be discussed further below. 1) impact ofPopulation-and Economic Trends The population and Economy Section under EstimatedDemand indicates continued growth of the permanent population within 1own. There are new bus'inesses locating in the area and if the national economy begins to move upward then the local economy should improve too. 2) The Provision of Adequate Housing and Other Services The provision of housing in Kure Beach has traditionally, been a pIr.ivate enterprise. The Town enforces building and housing codes and requires that substandard structures be repaired or removed, however enforcement has been lax until recently. Efforts are under.way to acquire additional land between 7th and 9tfi Avenue in the buffer zone*to provide, residential opportunities in Kure Beach. The Town is enrol:16d, in the National Flood Insurance Program and enforces the provisions of the program designed to protect life and pro- perty in the Coastal Flood areas. 3) The Conservation of Productive Natural Resources The ar6a"s most important productive natural resources are its groundwater supply, its coastal wet-lands, its beaches and shorelifle, and sand dunes. Detailed discussions of these -areas maybe found in the Constraints section of the report. Man must survive and to do so the environment must be protected. This is.not to imply that the two are incompatible, though many tim.es.this seems the case. 4) The Protection of Important Natural Environments Certain areas are indicative of nature before man began to develop the towns and communities throughout the state and _15- nation. These areas should be'protected and kept as natural as possible so that future generations can know and experience the kind of growth that comes from seeing a wild creature or plant and its habitat. A. Major Issues Land use issues in Kure Beach have been arrived at by the use of questionnaires, interviews with local citizens, Town Council meetings and public hearings. The significance of-an issue is by no means indicated by its numerical position below, neither are all of the' possible issues listed--it was impossible to contact every citizen or elicit a response to the questionnaire from every recipient. 1) Population and Future Growth As indicated in the Populationand Economy Section under Estimated Demand, 52% of the questionnaire respondents indicated that they wanted the population to increase either greatly or slightly. Single-family homes were preferred by 72% while 23% wanted less apartments and 29%wanted less condominiums. Single family homes mean more land and increased cost of services, however they implyownership and usually stability in the population. 2) Provision of Public Services ThisIs an issue in almost every town. How much service is needed? What should it cost? Who should pay for,it? These,questions have been asked by local officials,-citizens and absentee property owners. The survey respondents indi- cated,-that 43% wanted more funds:spent on recreation (43%), fire,and police protection (31%), roads (19%), Town management (23%), water and sewer (17%) and garbage collec- tion. -(11%). Devel-opment of Vacant Land There@are currently 57.20 acresof 1undeveloped land within the Town limits, and 25.73 potential acres in the Buffer Zone. These lands may or may not be intensively developed depending on whether or not they fall within an Area of 'Environmental Concern as defined@in the Guidelines for Local Planning and ultimately as.adopte d by the Coastal Resources' Commiss.ion. Aside from this fact is the hard economic - questionof designation of various types of land use and the provi''5ion of public services to,areas not currently served. Water.and sewer service is available in most of the town now and can be extended to those,lands sought in the Buffer Zone.,' Future extensions will be'examined most carefully. _16- Beach Erosion The once wide and expansive beach at Kure Beach is no more. The beach is eroding rapidly and soon will destroy homes and businesses if something is not done. Local officials are seeking State and/or Federal aid in constructing erosion controls. Without the wide beach and protective dune, the esthetic value of the shore to the tourist is no more, and even more important the area is subject to extensive storm damage. B. Development Alternatives Development alternatives are rather limited in Kure Beach. Expansion of the town is limited on all sides by natural or manmade barriers. Publ,ic sentiment is for an increase in population, generally alon,g,the same lines as past trends. An alternative considered was to request a release of some buffer zone land for residential development but this was rejected by army officials. With only 57 acres of undeveloped land in town, most,of it in tingle lots rather than in tracts, development is likely to occur on an individual basis rather than as a "project". Annexation of the small area south of the town has been discussed but is not likely a Unless requested by property owners in the area. C. Land Use Objectives, Policies, and Standards Before any discussion of objectives', policies or standards can take place, it-is necessary to'define what is meant by each tem. The following definitions have been used; objective.(goal) - a desired future state or status; policy -.course of action to be followed toreaph an objective or goal; standard - a quantitative Or qualitativ6 criteria for measuring progress toward reaching'an obi ecti ve or gbal -17- Long Range*Obiective Provide an adequate working, living and playing environment for all citizens in harmony with the need to make wise-use of the natural resources of the area. Policy: --to encourage good, sound commercial development in areas compatible with the community's needs and abilities,to provide services. --to encourage safe,, decent housing for all citizens. --to provide for the recreation needs of all age groups by the provision of sites and services designed to cover a wide range of desires. --to,protect, as much as reasonably possible, the natural resources of the area consistent with the need to maintain a viable community,. .2) Objectives for Specific Issues a) Population and Future Growth' Maintain and increase the current growth rate consistent with the needs and abilities of the local economy. Policy: --to provide the necessary public services to encourage growth consistent with both the specific objective and 'the long range objective. -7to guide development into designated areas by the adoption and enforcement.of land use regulations. Public Services Provide the citizens of Kure Beach with needed services at"the lowest possible cost.@ P61icy: --tb,annually evaluate the adequacy of each source in -Comparison with its cost. --to seek all possible sources of revenue to finance. needed services. _18- c) Development of Vacant Land Encourage development of only those vacant lands that can satisfy the goals of the Coastal Area Management Act. Policy- --to qualify the Town as a permit letting agency for minor developments in AEC's. --to enforce the codes, ordinances and local regulations consistent with the permit requirements of the CAMA. d) Beach Erosion Protect the public and the private interest from beach erosion consistent with the Constitution of the State of North Carolina. Policy: --to seek beach replenishment funds from the responsible @Federal, State and local interests. 3) Standards The following standards will be considered in evaluating development proposals: --loc6te near intersection of major roads to better serve trade areas. --notibe permitted to develop in strips, but rather in compact units. --provide adequate, safe ingress and egress and off-street parking. --have adequate space for future expansion. --have,compatible:signs which do not obstruct vision or distract drivers. Residential development should: --have, public water and sewer within the Town limits. --be,Jocated so as to be served by public water and sewer outside the Town limits if possible. --have.-minimum lot sizes wheretpublic water and sewer is not available 20,000 square feet. --meet all requirements of HUD-Federal Insurance Administra- tion if located within a coastal flood hazard area. --meet the requirements of the Zoning Ordinance. Recreation development should: --be located so as to be available to a wide range of people. --provide a variety of activities to interest more than one segment of the population.. --be compatible with surrounding land uses. Natural resourceareas will, be designated as Areas of Environmental Concern by the Coastal Resources Commission. Proposed AECs and appropriate land uses foreach are described in Section VI of thisreport. D. Process Used to Determine Objectives and Policies The-basic method used in formulating the preliminary draft was meetings and discussions with local officials, the Town Council and citizens. Two land development surveys were used one mailed,in May, 1975, and another in February, 1976. The form used and a tabulation of the results are included in the Appendix. Discussions occurring at public meetings were taken into account also. It sho uld be pointed out that as planning is not a static process, neither are objectives and policies. They, like planning, must be flexible and subject to the political, social, and economic processes. The Land Use Objectives, Policies, and Standards in Section C above are the result of reviews of the.preliminary draft by local- citizens, Town officials, the Coastal Resources Commis sion 'and various publicagencies including County, State and Federal entities. These reviews took place at two public meetings (February and April), one Public Hearing (May.18, 1976), and at monthly Town Council meetings. 20- E. Methods Employed in Public Participation Public participation has been broken into two subsections: Education (the process of informing the'public) and Involvement (the process of absorbing the people into the planning program). The Coastal Resources Commission has publis hed a booklet entitle ds Handbook on Public Participation, which contains recommendations concerning the most effective methods to employ when seeking wide- spread participation of the public in the planning program. In addition, each locality's public participation program is monitored periodically by the staff of the Coastal Resources Commission to insure that certain standards are being met. The goal of the public participation program is to generate some commentary concerning the future of the town from each citizen and public agency and to transform these comments into a statement of1local land use issues, objectives, policies and standards. The education phase of the program has utilized posters, pamphlets, newspaper articles about CAMA, and public meetings. The involvement phase has included the Town Council, administrati ve officials, and private citizens. In a unique spirit of Town-County coordination, the Town of Kure Beach and the Wilmington-New Hanover Planning Department have cooperated in mustering public participation. The County in its planning program has divided the county into planning districts with district coordinators whose primary responsibility is to "get the word out" and solicit response to various programs and ideas regarding CAMA. A sampling of the efforts by the coordinator for the Kure Beach area is, included in the Appendix. In addition to the samples given, the coordinator and the town planner parti- cipated in no less than 10 meetings with various civic, fraternal and municipal.groups. These meetings began in April 1975 and ran through May 1976. Additional coverage was gained by six television notices. Posters indicating time and place of meetings, and hand@' bills.(some 700 total) were distributed and displayed throughout the area. -21- Attendance at the various meetings ranged from a low of nine to a high of around 45 with an average of about 20 at most meetings. I,t is generally felt by Town officials that while the numbers are low, participation by the public was better than expected. The degree of participation achieved cannot be measured exactly. Response to the mail-out surveys was fair--about 25%. Attendance at meetings, mentioned above, was better than expected and discussion at most was lively with many questions asked and suggestions made. The results of the meetings, both with citizens and officials, and the surveys, may be found in the Land Use Objectives, Policies and @tandards. _22- IV. CONSTRAINTS A., Land Suitability The following is an analysis of the general suitability of the undeveloped lands within the Kure Beach Planning Area for development. Consideration has been given to the following factors: 1) Physical Limitations 2) Fragile Areas 3) Areas with Resource Potential Several areas which are discussed in this section may be desig- nated as Areas of Environmental Concern. In the event.this happensi those.lands wil,l be subject to the requirements specified in the Guidelines for Local Planning for AECs. 1) Physical Limitations for Development a) 'Hazard Areas (1) Man-made Areas The Sunny Point Military Ocean Terminal Buffer Zone described in the Existing Land Use Section of this report is the major man-made hazard area. There has never been a major explosive accident at the terminal, however, this buffer zone is located as a safety factor in an effort to prevent the unnecessary loss of life and/or property should one occur. The buffer zone prevents expansion tothe west of town and any development of the Cape Fear River frontage. Natural Areas - Natural hazard areas include ocean erodible areas. All of the beach front along the town limits is experiencing erosion. The Town recently constructed a bulkhead from the pier north to Avenue "L". The beach south of the pier is eroding at a rate of some 4 feet per year and will soon threaten homes in the area. -23- The flood hazard areas are delineated on the FIA Flood Hazard Boundary Map. The Town of Kure Beach participates in the emergency phase of the National Flood Insurance Program and enforces the requirements of the program. According to a report on "Wind-Tide Flooding in New Hanover County, North Carolina" prepared by the U.S. Corps of Engineers in December 1969, there is a riverine flood hazard area along the Cape Fear River affected by 50-year frequency wind-tide flooding. All of this area is within the Buffer Zone mentioned above. b) Soil Limitations The Town of Kure Beach encompasses six soil mapping units as described in the Soil Survey Interpre- tations and Maps for New Hanover County, prepared by the Soil Conservation Service of the U. S. Department of Agriculture. Characteristics of these units are outlined below. 7/706 Newhan fine sand Located primarily along the coastline/beachfront; most of the acreage of this type has been developed with residential and summer beach dwellings; perme- ability is rapid, shrink-swell potential is low; water table normally occurs at a depth of six feet or more; an excessively drained sand, there is a possi- bility of contamination of water supply sources from septic tank use in areas dominated by the Newhan fine sand; low in natural fertility. 79B Kureb sand Permeability is very rapid; excessively drained; water table normally six feet or deeper; low in natural fertility, organic content, and available water capacity; strongly acid to neutral; lawns _24- and shrubbery are difficult to establish; there is a danger of polluting water supply. sources from septic tank use. 582 Leon sand Water table varies between ten and forty inches depending on rainfall; low in natural fertility, available water capacity, and organic content; permeability is usuOly rapid in upper and moderate in lower layers; generally acidic; problems of drainage, especially where sewage effluent filter fields are used, are the major limiting factors for dwellings and industry. 724B Rimini sand Excessively drained; water-table usually below six feet, infiltration is rapid and surface runoff is slow; very acidic and low fertility; with adequate fertilization, the Rimini sand has a high potential for most anticipated uses in Kure Beach. 891 Lynn Haven fine sand Poorly drained; permeability rapid in upper and mod- erate in lower layers; runoff is slow; water,table is near the surface for about six months, and about ten to forty inches below surface for the rest of the year; low in natural fertility, organic content and available water capacity; it is very difficult to drain this soil for developmental purposes. 6 Urban land Has been cut, graded, filled and paved to the point that the original,soil.properties have been alt ered or destroyed; usually covered with buildings or pavement. -25- AVC. e16UTH 31y Aw. L SIATH AVE, CORPORATE LIMITS -77 POURTH AVil. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ser D"D- A@E L v ...... . . . ..... ....... ........ ............ ...... FLOOD HAZARD ARU ... ........ ATLANTIC OCEAN DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT APPROXIMATE SCALE 500 0 1000 2000 FEET Fedeal kwate AdminiMsfion TOWNL OF'KURE*'SEACH, NC FIA FLOOD HAZARD BOUNDARY MAP Effectin Date: (NEW HANOVER CO.) No. H 37 129 2480 01 FEBRUARY 15, 1974 7 INTERPRETATION OF SOILS WITH LIMITATIONS FOR DEVELOPMENT Degree of Limitation for Map Symbol Soil Mapping Unit Name Septic Tank Local Roads Filtii- Fields' Dwellings Light Industry & Str eets Recreation & 70.6 -Newhan fine sand 'Slight Severe Severe Moderate Severe 79B Kureb sand Severe Moderate Slight Slight Severe 582 Leon sand Severe Severe Severe Severe Severe 724B Rimini sand Severe None to Slight Slight Severe Slight 891 Lynn Haven Severe Severe Severe Severe Severe fine sand DEFINITIONS Soil limitations: Moderate - the rating.given soils that have- properties moderately favorable for the rated use, can. be modified or overcome by planning, design or maintenance Severe - the rating given soils that have one or more properties (e.g. flood hazard, high water table, etc.) unfavorable for the rated use; in most cases, it is very costly to alter the soil or design a structure which is compatible with the soil Slight - the rating given soils that have properties favorable for the rated use Available water capacity - the capacity of the soils to hold water for plant use Flood hazard - water standing above the surface for an extended length of time Permeability - the quality of the soil that permits movement of air/water Shrink-swell Rotentia 1 - the relative change in volume to be expected of soil material with changes in moisture content Source: Soil Survey Interpretations and Maps for New Hanover County North Carolina, U. S. Department of Agriculture Soil Conservation Service Inventory and Evaluation Soil and Water Resources, U. S. Department of Agriculture Soil Conservation Service c) Water Supply Area Kure Beach is located within the Lower Cape Fear River Basin and derives its water supply from'@groundwater. Since groundwater is the exclusive source of supply, Kure, Beach is not in any as-such designated public water supply watershed. The hydrogeology of Kure Beach is complex. Uncon- solidated sands from land surface to 110 feet below land surface (BLS) contain groundwater under water table and/or semi-artesian conditions; these water bearing sands tenta- tively comprise the Post-Miocene Aquifer. Below the Pos.t-Miocene Aquifer is the Tertiary System Aquifer, from 110 feet BLS to 210 feet BLS, composed of limestone and artesian in nature. From 210 feet BLS to an estimated 1300 feet BLS is the Cretaceous System Aquifer, an artesian and flowing artesian aquifer consisting of brackish groundwater stored in sand units. Bed rock is encountered at 1300 feet BLS. Recharge occurs to the Post-Miocene Aquifer by direct infiltration of rainfall. Although not located in a forebay area, it is possible the Tertiary System Aquifer receives recharge from the Po st-Miocene Aquifer-since it is likely the Post-Miocene Aquifer is hydraulically connected to the Tertiary System Aquifer. Potable and, it is suspected, brackish groundwater occurs in the Post-Miocene Aquifer. Potable groundwater occurs in the Tertiary System Aquifer. The aquifer of impor tance to.Kure Beach's water supply is the Tertiary System Aquifer. Three open end.wells in the Tertiary System Aquifer provide the city with a potential 1050 GPM or 1.51 MGD. The city is not now exper- iencing a quantity or quality problem. Future quantity and quality problems can be avoided by reasonable use of avail- able groundwater resources. -28-. d) There are no areas within the Town limits where the predominant slope exceeds twelve percent (12%). 2) Fragile Areas The following potentially fragile areas exist in Kure Beach. Most of the ones listed below will also be found in the section on Proposed Areas.of Environmental Concern. a) Coastal Wetlands - a thin strip of marshland which extends along the shores of the Cape Fear River. This area is within the Buffer Zone. b) Sand Dunes along the Outer Banks - there appears to be very little if any natural sand dunes left within the Town limits, most having been destroyed by man and hurricanes many years ago. c) Ocean Beaches and Shorelines (on the Outer Banks) the area of beach from the mean low tide landward to the toe of the bulkhead, dune or first vegetation, 'all of which occur along the ocean front within the Town limits. d) Estuarine Waters - Cape Fear River to the west of town in the Buffer Zone. e) Public Trust Waters - the waters of the Atlantic Ocean and the Cape Fear River. 3) Areas with Resource Potential The Buffer Zone is owned bythe U. S. Army, but there havelbeen some negotiations between the North Carolina Division of State Parks and the Army to lease the Buffer Zone to the State for recreational purposes. B. Capacity of Community Facilities The Town of Kure Beach provides its residents and summer tourists with a full range of municipal services. This includes wate r, sewer, -29- H H q A _111 _TFT 'T-1! T, I- w7l; SOILS MAP Legend KURE 7/706 Newhan fine sand NORT 79B Kureb sand 582 Leon sand 724B Rimini sand 891 Lynn.HaVeu fine sand 6 Urban land garbage and sanitation, police, fire, and lifeguard (summer,only).. 1) Existing Water and Sewer Service Area--Th.e water and sewer systems operated by the Town currently extend to all of the Town east of the Buffer Zone boundary. Water ser- vice is extended to a few houses south of the Town limits but sewer service is not currently available outside town. 2) Water System--Kure Beach's water system consists of a 75,000 gallon elevated tank which is fed by three open end wells which draw water from the Tertiary System Aquifer (see Water Supply Area, page 30). Peak demand on the system has been as high as 150,000 gallons per day (gpd). The esti- mated potential daily water supply available from the three wells is 1,500,000 GPD. 3) Sewer System--The Town has a Wastewater Treatment System that provides secondary treatment of domestic wastewater. The plant was placed in operation.in 1964 and has a design capacity of 100,000 gallons per day. According to recent reports by the Division of Environmental Management of the Department of Natural and Economic Resources, the stabi,li- zation lagoon (treatment plant) is incapable of properly treating the amount of wastewater which flows into it. Flow records indicate that the summer flow into the plant averages 90,000 GPD and frequently exceeds 120,000 GPD which overloads the plant. A new permit to operate the treatment plant is being prepared by the Division of Environmental Management.of DNER which will allow no additional connections to the exist- ing system, except for single family homes, unless written permission is received from the Division. 4) Primary Roads--Primary roads in the Kure Beach area inc lude Dow Road (an extension of Avenue K) and U.S. Hwy. 421 (Second Ave..). Average daily traffic counts from 1974 show that _31- U.S. 421 carries approximately 3000 vehicles per day (figures unavailable for Dow Rd.) This is far below-the estimated capacity for a two lane road, which is roughly 6000-8000 vehicles per day. 5) Schools--The County operates a county-wide school system. Children in grades kindergarten through fourth attend Carolina Beach Elementary School located about 2 miles north of Kure Beach. This school serves all the elemen- tary children south of Snow's Cut. There are 2 kindergarten classes, 3 first grade classes, 1 first/second, 1 second grade, 1 second/third grade, 2 third grades, 1 third/fourth grade,,and 1 fourth grade. The school was enlarged within the last two years and is expected to meet the need of the area for the planning period. Children in grades five through twelve are transported to schools in and around Wilmington. -32- V. ESTIMATED DEMAND A. Population and Economy The Guidelines for Local Planning requirethat a population estimate for the next ten years be made and utilized as the basis for determining land and facilities demand and for classifying land areas. Major identifiable economic trends or factors in the economy which might have impact on future land use are required to be examined. Three additional factors to be considered in making population estimates are: (1) seasonal population, (2) local objectives concerning growth, and (3) foreseeable social and economic change. It should be pointed out that future population estimates are just that--estimates, especially in small towns. Lack of detailed data on births, deaths, or migration (in or out of the area) renders the most accurate projection method, cohort- survival, unusable. The following table demonstrates the variety of "Projections" that can be generated using four different methods of analysis: 1. Arithmetic This method asserts that a given absolute numerical change in population from one point in time to another in the.past is the best means.of extrapolating a future population trend. 2. Geometric - This method asserts that a given percentage change in population from one point in time to another in the past is the best indicator of the future population trend. 3. Least Squares - This method uses regression analysis to compute a trend line "best fitting" the past popu:l.,ation data to yield an extrapolated population 'projection. 4. Ratio "Step-Down" - This method bases the small area population on that of a rel:atively larger Aerritorial unit which contains the smaller area in question. The assumption is that the larger unit data may be available that will enable a more accurate projection. _33-@ POPULATION PROJECTION 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 2000 2025** Arithmetic 394 434 477 519 560 643 852 Geometric 394 456 518 600 682 898 1340 Least Squares 394 433 471 513 554 620 807 Ratio Step-down* 394 469 544 606 669 814 1161 *Data used in Ratio Step-Down supplied by Wilmington New Hano- ver Planning Department projections for New Hanover County Townships **It should be realized that 50 year projections for an area smaller than a multi-county region are relatively worthless as a viable planning tool, however, these projections are made, consistent with the CRC Guidelines. Each of these methods are based.upon the assumption that the area in question (Kure Beach) has remained the same physical size in the past and will continue to do so in the future.. This is basically the case in Kure Beach. Annexation could take place to the south of town but. is not likely due to the prohibitive cost of extending water and sewer to the area. For.'the purposes of discussion in this draft the 1985 permanent population of Kure Beach will be assumed to be 606 as pro- jected by the Ratio Step-Down method. Seasonal.'population changes create the economy by which the town lives. These same changes make it necessary that the town provide ser- vices at levels that vary from season to season. In 1970, there were 434 seasonal homes within the town. Using an average of 8.49 persons" per unit established by dividing the number of units (80) managed by'a local realtor by-the total number of persons the units would hold (679), we find that if all available seasonal homes are occupied at once there are approximately 3,685 additional people in the town. There are approximately 55,motel rooms available in the area and assuming'full occupancy at 3 persons per room (most rooms have two double beds) this accounts for another 165 people. Day visitors (those who come to the beach for the day only) cannot be reasonably estimated because of a lack of valid data. Officials in the N.C. Department of Transportation indicate that an origin and destination study of vehicle flow patterns into, and out@of the area would provide the necessary information to'make such estimates, however no such study is a vailable and, because of the cost none is contemplated. Adding the permanent population (estimated at 470), the motel possibles and seasonal'.home possibles gives a total: of 4,320 people@Lixcluding day visitors. -34- As mentioned,earlier the economy of the area is geared to the seasonal influx of tourists. Motels, apartments, cottages are.open in spring and summer and closed in the fall and winter. Over a period of years as the permanent population has increased there has been an increase in retail stores,mainly small grocery-convenience type that.stay open year round. Some restaurants now cater to permanent residents. Two seafood restaurants usually remain open depending upon county resi- dents to travel to Kure Beach. Of course, all of the business depends heavily on the summer season trade to round out the slack winter months. Local, businessmen and realtors indicate that the 1975 season was better than the 1974 season but somewhat below the 1973 season. The energy crunch is blamed for the poor season in 1974. Realtors and motel operators have noticed that in 1974 and 1975 more North Carolina people came to the area who used to vacation further away. The presence of out-.of-state tourists was down due to the travel distance. An;exception of this was an influx of Canadian visitors'due in part to an advertising campaign by the Pleasure Island Tourist Bureau. Local officials are committed to maintaining and improving the tourist economy,of the area. In a survey taken this summer (see Public Participation Section) 7% of the respondents indicated a,desire' that the population increase greatly and 45% wanted a slight increases. while 37% wanted it to remain the same. When asked what type of develop ment there should be more or less of, 72% wanted more single-family, homes, 59% wanted more public recreation, 28% wanted more commercial development, 29%,wanted more public open space, 8% wanted condominiums', 17% wanted industrial development, 19% wanted more apartments and 4%, of the respondents wanted more mobile homes. On the negative side none of the respondents wanted less single-family homes, 5% wanted less public recreation, 8% wanted less public open space, 23% wanted less apartments and commercial,development, 28% wanted less industrial development, 29% wanted less condominiums and 43% wanted less mobile homes.' On balance',' the survey wanted more single-family homes, recreation, commercial development, and public open space, and less apartments, condominiums,, mobile homes and industrial development. _35- B. Future Land Needs The Guidelines for Local Planning define five categories for the cl,assification of future land use: (1) Developed, (2) Transition, (3) Community, (4) Rural and (5) Conservation. Most of the land in the Kure.Beach Planning Area will fall into Developed, Transition, or Conservation. It is noted here that the land classification sy@stem is primarily applicable to counties and does not seem to "fit" towns unless local modifications are allowed. The land use plan is generally the basis for a zoning ordinance and the general classifications pro- vided in the system are not sufficiently detailed to support zoning classifications. For this reason, a more detailed future land use map will be developed to break transition lands down into specific categories as,,is the existing land use map. These groups are more readily understood by the general public and, therefore may be easily related to land use decisions in the future. The table on the following page indicates future land/yse acreage allocations for the year 1985 based upon the "projected" permanent population of Kure Beach (606) and upon certain other factors such as expressed desires for increased commercial activity, the avail- abil ity of public services and additional recreational areas. -36- 1985 Land Demand Approximate Existing P-opulation Based w/Factors Residential 47.82 ac 61.65 73.45 2 Commerc i a 1 6.10 7.87 10.00 Government and In- stitutional 1.77 2.28 2.28 Transportation, Communications, and Utilities .15 .19 .19 Streets 48.00 61.89 55.02 3 Cultural, Enter- tainment, Recrea- 4 tion 0.0 0.0 3.00 TOTAL DEVELOPED 103.84 143.94 AMOUNT OF INCREASE 30.04 40.10 lReflects a reduction in persons per acre from 9.25 to. 8.25 or about 2.8 families per acre. 2 Reflects a desire for increased commercial activity. Motels are in this classification. 3 The only new roads possible,would be between 7th and 9th Avenue in the buffer zone. 4 Reflects a'desire for increased public recreation activity.,. The population based demand and the demand w/factors are 133.89 acres and 143.94 acres respectively, representing projected increases of 30.04 acres and 40.10 acres. These are currently 57.20 acres of undeveloped land in Kure Beach. Some or all of this land may fall within an AEC thereby limiting development to some extent. There are approximately 175 vacant residential lots and 50-60 possible commercial lots within the town excluding.the buffer zone area. Some of these will be developed within the ten year planning period. Others, for various reasons, will not be developed.' Pro bably less than 50% of the residential lots are available for development. For this reason, town officials are negotiating with Sunny Point of ficials to gain the release of the 18.71 acres of residential land east of 9th Avenue. This would make 160 lots of 5,000 square feet -37- each or, if 10,000 square foot lots are required approximately ?2 lots can be obtained. Assuming the opening of 9th Avenue, 8th Avenue, and all east-west connectors, approximately 7.02 acres of streets would be needed. It is anticipated that sufficient land will be available within the town limits to accommodate the expected growth. Due to the uncertainty of the buffer zone acquisition a specific future land use map will not be prepared for this draft. C. Community Facilities Demand Using the "projected" 1985 permanent population of 606 people most of the community facilities provided-by the town will be adequate since the current service level is based on a much higher seasonal population. The water system will be capable of providing the required volume of water to meet the needs of the expected population. It is presently anticipated that with the release of a site in the@ Buffer Zone, theltown will drill a fourth well to reduce the volume of water required from the existing three wells. Cost figures are not available as no fi rm engineering has been completed at this,time. The fourth well will provide for a better utilization of the ground- water supply in that no single well will be required to pump an excessive volume of water from any particular portion of the aquifer. The existing wastewater treatment system, with some modification could meet current water quality standards., but, within the ten year planning period, the upgrading of standards and the increased volume produced by the expected permanent population and the seasonal population will far exceed the system's capacity. A "201" Facilities Plan, which is a plan for the collection and treatment of wastewater expected to be generated over a 20 year period, is currently being prepared by a consulting engineering firm for the Kure-Carolina Beach area and should be completed this year. It is expected that the report will recommend that Kure Beach abandon its treatment plant and pump wastewater to the new treatment plant now being constructed at Carolina Beach. Cost figures on pumping to Carolina -38- Beach are not available, however, this alternative would be cheaper and more cost effective than construction of a new treatment plant at Kure Beach. town officials are currently seeking grant funds to purchase a new fire truck to replace a unit that will exceed its 20 year life within 2 years. The unit is not mechanically unfit, but in order to maintain the town's Fire Insurance rating the unit must be replaced after 20 years of service. A new fire truck can cost anywhere between $25,000 and $75,000 depending on its site and specifications. Kure Beach can best utilize a small unit which would have a lower cost. The other basic services provided by the Town, such as police, lifeguards, sanitation, etc., are not as expensive as water and sewer and service levels can be expanded as the population grows without necessitating any great cost factors. -39- VI. PLAN DESCRIPTION A. Land Classification The North Carolina Land Classification System contains five classes of land. These are: 1. Developed - are areas with a minimum gross population density of 2,000 people per square mile; and at a minimum contains existing public services of water and sewer systems, education, and road systems - all.of which are able to support the present population and accompanying land uses. 2. Transition - lands where moderate to high density growth is to be encouraged and must be no greater than that required to accommodate the estimated population growth at a. minimum gross population density of 2,000 people per square mile. 3. Community - this class identifies existing and new clusters of density development not requiring major public services. 4. Rural- identifies land for long term management for pro- ductive resource utilization and includes all lands not in the Developed, Transition, Community and Conservation. 5. Conservation - identifies land which should be maintained essentially in its natural state and where very limited and no public services are provided. A strict interpretation of.the definitions above could place the lands of the Town of Kure Beach in at least three of the five classes: Developed Transition and Conservation. All of the land within the Town Limi.ts (161.04 acres) which is developed or undeveloped, excluding beaches and buffer zone, would fall within the Developed class or the Transition class since water and sewer service is available. Roads and school service is currently available-throughout the Town. The density standard for Developed and Transition lands is 2,000 persons per square mile or 3.125 persons per acre. The population ratio to land in town is 470 people t 161 acres or 2.92. Actually, the popula- tion is living on 103.84 developed acres for a density of 4.53 persons per acre. -40- B. Proposed Areas of Environmental Concern The Coastal Area Management Act of 1974@requires that local land use plans give special attention to the protection and appropriate development of Areas of Environmental Concern (AEC's). All local governments may suggest these areas and the Coastal Resources Commission (CRC) will have the final responsibility to identify Areas of Environ-., mental Concern acting upon local suggestions and following the statutory guidelines. The identification of AEC's by local governments will serve to assist the Coastal Resources Commission in the ultimate designation of Areas of Environmental Concern and will also providefor use in the local land use plans. The identification of AEC's by local governments will not be utilized for purposes of land use control or permit letting. Only final AEC's adopted by the Coastal Resources Commission will be used in the permit letting program. The determination of whether a particular site is within an AEC category will be based upon adopted written descriptions of AEC's. Any development requiring land area over twenty (20) acres, or with a building of 60,000 square feet of floor space will require a permit from the CRC if the proposed development is within an Area, of Environmental Concern. All smaller developments may be regulated by local governments. The following AEC's have been identified in Kure Beach: 1) Coastal Wetlands (Tidal Marshland) - a thin strip of marshland which extends along the shore of the Cape Fear River.- Appropriate Land Uses: a) Utility easements and facilities where restoration of marsh conditions will occur upon completion of the project; b) Elevated walkways and piers,to navigational channels; c) Access routes for marina facilities. Note: This AEC lies within the Sunny Point Buffer Zone and none of the listed land uses would be allowed. 2) Estuarine Waters Cape Fear River to the west of Town. Appropriate Land Uses: a) Elevated pier and boat docks except in maintained navigable channels; b) Public utility easements and facilities where the natural conditions will be restored upon completion of the project; c) The dredging And maintenance of access channels except in pro- ductive shellfish beds. Note: This AEC lies within the Sunny Point Buffer Zone and none of the listed land uses would be allowed. 3) Existing National or State Parks -,Carolina Beach State Park located northwest of Kure Beach'is acquiring lease to all the Sunny Point Buffer Zone land for inclusion in the State park. Appropriate Land Uses: a) Picnicking,' swimming, boating, fishing, hiking, nature study and camping. Note: Some of"ihe land uses Tisted will be prohibited under terms of the lease of the Buffer Zone. 4) Public Trust Waters - The waters of the Atlantic Ocean and the Cape Fear River. Appropriate Land Uses: a) Fishing piers in both ocean and estuarine waters; b) Access for marina facilities; c) Public utility easement; d) Dredging and maintenance of navigation channels; e) Bulkheads,,,groins and jetties. 5) Sand Dunes along the Outer Banks - There appears to be very little' if any natural sand dunes left within the Planning Area, most having been destroyed by ma,n.and hurricanes many years.ago. -42-, Appropriate Land Uses: The.frontal dunes should be considered unsuitable for all development which would alter their natural functions. Appropriate land uses shall be limited to the following: a) Elevated fishing pier; b) Elevated pedestrian walkways for public access; Conservation acti.vities. All of these allowable land uses should not damage or destroy the existing vegetation on the frontal dune. 6) Ocean Beache�'and Shorelines (on the Outer Banks) The area of beach from the mean low tide landward to the toe of the bulkhead, dune or first vegetation, all of which occur along the ocean froht within the Planning Area., Appropriate Land Uses: a) Fishing piers which are elevated enough to allow lateral access along the beach front; b) Utility maintenance; c) Conservation measures when such measures are in the public@interest. 7) Coastal Flood Plains Description:, Coastal flood plains are defined as the land areas adjacent to coastal sounds, estuaries or the ocean which.are prone to flooding from storms with an annual probability of one percent or greater (100 years flood). These areas aredelineated and identified by the U.S. Army Corp's'of Engineers in conjunction with flood insurance studies prepared.for the Federal Insurance Administration. Appropriate Land Uses: All acceptable@land uses and developments must meet stringent engineering standards which will maintain the structures integrity, stability.and safety d4ring a"100 year storm. All forms of development can be under- taken-as long as it conforms with the standards set forth in the Federal Insurance Administration Code of Federal Regulations, Title 24, Chapter, -43- 10, Subchapter B. The Code puts forth specific requirements which must be met to maintain safety during the flood surge of a 100 year storm. All developments which do-not meet these specific Federal requirements will not be acceptable land uses. 8) Ocean Erodible Areas - Most of the beach front along the Planning Area is experiencing erosion. Appropriate Land Use: a) Fishing piers which are elevated enough to allow lateral access along the beach front; b) Utility maintenance; c) Conservation measures when such measures are in the public interest. Development Standards Applicable to all AEC's 1. No development should be allowed in any Areas of Environmental Concern which would result in a violation of any rules, regulations, or laws of the State of North Carolina, the Federal government or any county or town government in which the developmen't takes place. 2. No development should,be allowed in any AEC which would have a substantial likelihood of causing pollution of the waters of the State to the extent that such waters.would be closed to the taking of shellfish under standards set by the Commission of Health Services pursuant to. G. S. 130-169.01. C. Implementation- Major public'actions needed to implement the Land Development Pian:are listed below. Through the years, as goals and objectives aremet or as changes are needed, these actions should be modified and hew actions begun to meet the needs of the community. -44-. Immediate Priorities 1. Examine existing codes and ordinances and revise as necessary to insure proper and safe development. 2. Encourage public participation in government decisions through the use of informal meetings, newsletters, etc. 3. Study existing tax structure and rate to determine the ability to finance needed services, i. e., policei public works, water and sewer systems, fire protection. Near Term Priorities '(1976 1980) 1. Continue code enforcement and qualffy for permit letting under CAMA. 2. Review and approve completed 201 Wastewater Facilities Plan and apply for necessary funds.to begin implementation. 3. Continue to reviewIevels of public services and upgrade as needed. 4. Maintain contact and communication with residents and property owners through monthly newsletters (include with water bill) and public meetings to discuss town action. 5. Conduct campaign to fund and implement a beach erosion control program. Long Term Priorities (1980 1990) 1. Conduct review and update of the Land Use Plan.. 2.- Continue code enforcement programs with review,and revision as needed to maintain requirements of CAMA to protect the natural environment. 3. Continue to seek public input in the governmental process. 4. Apgrade services as@needed for future development. -45- VII. SUMMARY The Synopsis prepared in conjunction with this Plan provides a useful summary of the most important points covered previously. A discussion of the data assembly, analysis, and conclusions reached is useful at',this point. The expertise of various local, county, state and federal agencies and people has been utilized in the preparation of this document with the planner acting as gatherer and technical writer. Population and economic data was provided by the U.S. Bureau of the Census, the Wilmington-New Hanover:Planning Department and the N.C. Department of Administration. Existing land use data was gathered from a windshield survey by DNER planning staff, with some data from U.S. Corps of Engineers' studies. Aerial photographs used were flown by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the N.C. Department of Transportation. Soil limitation data.was pro'' vided by the U.S.-Soil Conservation Service.' Water supply data was prepared by the,DNER Regional Hydrologist., Data for community facilities was pro@- vided by Henry von Oesen and Associates, DNER.reports, Town Offici,als and, other State agencies'. Analysis of the data gathered was the responsibilt-ty of the Board witfttKe planner assisting with"the non-technical definition kal data. The major conclusions reached with the analysis.of the of techni technical data and'the public participation process resulted in the Objectives, Policies and Standards Section and the ImplementatimSection. -46-, VIII. CITY-COUNTY PLAN RELATIONSHIP A portion of the cooperative spirit between the planning staffs for city and county has been mentioned in the Public Participation Section of this report. Additional aspects of coordination include the exchange of data,between staffs and the participation in review of the Objectives, 'Policies and Standards for conformity with the corresponding sections of city and county reports. Joint staff meetings in addition to the"public meetings have resulted in a good working relationship at the staff level. At the policy level, contact between the elected officials is on a More formal basis. Generally, the Mayor attends specific county commission meetings at either the city or county's request. On the general public level.an attitude of non-existence exists--that is to say, the county does not include Kure Beach. This attitude.,seems to be mutual on the part of residents of both-entities. Basically, the, ideas stem from a lack of public communication of the mutual benefits provided by each.government. Kure Beach generally provides "hardware typell services--water, sewer, police, fire,.-rescue, recreation.while the County provides "software" services such-as health,.education, public assistance, etc. _47- IX. APPENDIX -48- CITIZEN OPINICN SURVEY FOR THE TOWN OF KURE BEACH Kure Beach is preparing a land use plan in order to comply with the requirements of the Coastal Area Management Act of 1974. one of the most important aspects of land useplanning is that the plan adequately reflect citizen opinions and attitudes toward the use of the community's land--both public and private. The following survey is intended to give each citizen the opportunity to express his opinion on land use problems and Issues. Your cooperation in answering the following questions will be appreciated. Kure Beach Town HaU Kure Beach, N.C. 28449 1. Are you a permanent resident of Kure Beach? yes If not, how of ten do you live in Kure Beach? weekends summer months 3. What is your age? 4. Do' you live, in a: 41single-family house duplex mobile home apartment condominium 5. During the next five years would you like to see. the population of Kure Beach increase greatly (@-T increase slightly decrease greatly decrease slightly stay the same 6. Which of the following types of development would you like to see more or less of in Kure,Beach? More Less single-family housing 0/) apartments condominiums mobile homes commercial industrial public open space public recreation facilities @4 (playgrounds and parks) other (specify) For what reasons did you chose to live In Kure Beach? close to work pleasant surroundings low taxes reasonably priced land and house close to family and friendi single-family beach other DO M407- Z _-E //y 1ee112,_-X_JWV S. In which of the following areas do you feel more public funds should be spent? More 'Less 'water and sever garbage collection fire and police protection schools parks and recreational facilities and programs roadsor public transit environmental protection Industrial development town management other 9. What do you like most about Kure Beach? F-7 4/ Z@r@,Ve 10. What do you like least about Kure Beach? Al -PeC Do you think development should be permitted in the following areas Never Seldom Frequently Always lands near inlets beaches marshes dunes Vir inland waterway other 12. Is there any particular area or type of area within the Town limits or within one mile of the Town limits that you feel is.unique or special and should be preserved or protected in Its present state or form? 13. Please use the fo-Ilowing,space to mak e any additional comments you would like.. Thank you for your help and cooperation. This questionnaire should be returned to: Kure Beach Town HaU Kure Beach, N.C. 28449 P-Permanent NP-Nonpermanent RESULTS OF KURE BEACH CITIZEN OPINION SURVEY A. Permanent residents 19 Nonpermanent residents 56 B. Average Age 56 (P) 55 (NP) C. *Number of respondents wholive in: P NP single family house 14 49 duplex 3 1 mobile'home 0 2 apartment 2 4 condominium 0 0 Number of respondents who would like to see population of Kure Beach: P NP increase greatly 7 6 increase slightlY 8 26 decrease greatly 0 0 decrease slightly 0 0 stay the same 4 24 E. Number of respondents who chose to live in Kure Beach because of: P NP close to work 2 pleasant surroundings 12 33 low taxes 3 9 reasonably priced land 2 12 and house close to family-and 2 7 friends single-family beach 9 40 other retirement 1 3 quiet@ 1 5 non-commercial 1 3 fishing and beach 0 4 F. Number of respondents who would like to see development as follows: More Less P NP P single-family housing 15 39 0 0 apartments 6 8 2 15 'condominiums 2 4 4 18 mobile homes 1 2 8 24 commercial 8 13 3 14 industrial 5 8 3 18 public open space 7 15 01 6 public recreation facilities 9 35 1 3 other picnic area tennis courts .3 camping area public pier amusement park 2 G. Number of respondents who feel public funds should be spent as follows, More Less P NP P NP water andsewer 3 10 1 3 garbage collection 0 8 2 2 fire and police protection 6 17 0 2 schools 1 8 1 4 parks and recreational 6 26 1 4 roads or public transit 5 9 1 7 environmental protection 6 23 0 3 industrial development 2 4 1 14. town management 7 10 1 1 other life guards drainage control 4 town appearance 3 animal and pest control 1 H. Number of respondents who feel development should take place in the following areas: Never Seldom Frequently Always @N P NP P NP P NP NP lands near inlets 12 20 1 3 1 4 0 4 beaches, 3 12 3 6 4 7 1 6 marshes 12 24 1 6 0 0 2 2 dunes 12 25 0 3 1 1 1 3 inland waterway 5 12 3 7 1 5 1 5 I. What do you like most about Kure Beach? Permanent Non-Permanent size of town (3) family beach (14) quiet, family beach (8) quiet (17) ocean (3) friendly (15) people ocean (6) food, cleanliness (5) fishing fishing (4) atmosphere low crime rate local pride privacy J. What do you like least about Kure Beach? Permanent 'Non-Permanent ,housing should be housing should be kept up (4) kept up (7) not enough parking space noise (5) non-progressive community tax increases (4) n.o parks,for children (2) motorcycles (4) stray dogs litter (3) insects (4) transportation, public lack of (2) stray animals (2) mobile homes drainage problems not enough parking space lack of planning K ,istellaneous comments: Permanent Non-Permanent keep beaches clean- and safe renew rundown housing (4) boost airstrip project good town management (3) pave dirt streets enforce traffic laws (3) mayor and council have done good job control drainage (3) clean and clear buffer z 'one need municipal pier enforce building codes need limited access area to beach renew rundown housing need bus service to Wilmington (2) need bulkhead on beach need more trash receptacles (2) need docking facility on river extend sewer lines control campers and trailers beautify entrances to beach need new post office 53 L. Types of areas which respondents feel should be protected/preserved: Permanent Non-Permanent shoreline Fort Fisher area (14) dunes and beach shoreline museum dunes and beach marshes land bordering river Fort Fisher area south of Fort Fisher PUBLIC PA-RTICIPATION SIJKMARY 1. Evaluation of your Public Participation Program A. Does your land use planning depend on the local planner for directioa or does citizen involvement offer direction? B. Unique features of your public participation prograz3 that might be useful to other communities. C. How. did you develop your Public Participation Program? D. Do you consider your public invol,rement a success? Please exp@ain. E. List some key citizens in.your public participation program: names, phone numbers* 2. Steps taken to inform local citizens about the CM-0, program. A. Newspaper B. Radio C. Television D. Bulletins, Leaflets, Newsletters E. Other Methods 3. Opportunities for citizens to provide input into land use planning A. Personal interviews B. Surveys C. Workshops and public ineetings- D. Other Opportunities. 4. Q uality and quantity of feedback from the public A. Approximate percentage of community providing input B. Are all etbnic.group@ and social strat.a, involved? C. Are non-residents and non-voters involved? D. Future participation activities planned E. How are you reflecting the' responses you-are receiving into the land use plans? Person Filing Report Name of Communit Date of Report PUBLIC PARTICIPATION SUMMARY 1. A. The planner provides information, data and analysis to the board. He provides the main thrust with different alternatives to select. B. Small population generally provides good turn out at public meetings. C. The CAMA slide program was shown at a public meeting and brochures passed out. A survey prepared by the planner was mailed out to the water billing list which includes all permanent residents and non-resident homeowners. D. The Initial public meeting was well attended. The survey response was about 25%. The summer season has has hampered attendance at other meetings. E. Mayor Charles Smith 458-8551 S. L.Doty,Jr. 458-5914 B. F. Lancaster 458-3622 Richard Levers 458-8416 2. A. Wilmington Morning Star has carried several articles about CAMA and has meeting announcements. B. Spot announcements about meetings. D. All available CAMA literature has been passed out and is available at the Town Hall. Small cards have been placed around town with the CAMA Hotline number. E. Surveys have been mailed out and public meetings held. 3. A. NO B. A land use questionnaire was mailed out to all citizens and absentee homeowners. Response was about 25%. The initial public meeting held before the summer season was well attended but meetings held since have been poorly attended. D. Mayor has discussed land use issues with various citizens-- mainly beach erosion. 4. A. Approximately 25% of those contacted by survey responded. B. Yes C. Yes D. After Labor Day local citizens will have more time to get involved. Public meetins will be scheduled and A draft set of objectives and policies will be mailed. 57 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION SUMMARY-PAGE 2 4. E. The responses received will be carefully tabulated and evaluated In order to attempt to reflect the feelings of as many of the people as possible within the constraints of the law. The draft plan will be presented to the people for review before It is adopted. 58 final decision will be made by him and the main factor will be need. To help make up their minds and come to an agreed decision, our Com- mittee decided to visit the Newton Grove Medical Center and meet again with Jim, Ralph and Dewey in the very near future. YE TOWN Hindsight NEWS -by Dick Levers it behooves each of us to become in- volved in the future of our environment and land use planning. True, the basic right of each individual, to use his land The latter part of July our Medical trying to recruit a physician as well as as he. sees fit should not be impinged Committee met with Jim Bernstein and help fund and support Rural Health upon. Unless, of course, these Plans for Ralph Hagler of the Rural Health Services Centers. He said he was out in the field the use of, his land, will destroy his of Raleigh, North Caroliina, together with at this time just to review all the areas neighbors land or causes an environment that is not conducive to the well being of Dewey Lovelace of AHEC (Area Health requesting help in the way of a medical others or harms the local community. Educucaton Center) program of Wilming- center. He further advised that there will The destruction of the marshlands ton. Members of the Committee are be funds available for about five (5) along the coast could and probably would, Sheila Davis, John Foard, C. R. Smith, Centers this year and he will Make the eliminate the shrimp and fish industry J. C. "Mike" Barne, Charlie Allen, Tommy decision on where they will be located as well as the tourist trade those indus- Tucker, Jim Burton, Pete Morris and based on need, community support and tries attract. Jimmie Allen. All but Tommy Tucker several other factors. We have all made comments and ex- and Jimmie Allen were able to be at the Jim requested that our Committee pressed derogatory opinions about dev- meeting, which is an excellent turnout. take some time to consider and decide elopment of the past. Have you ever said, Jim Bernstein described the different which way they want to proceed, with "This should have been done", or "I would have done thus and so" in some programs offered by his office and ex- the physician recruitment, or the medical certain incident?* that they extend help to areas center. He further stressed that the When the areas of Pleasure Island were formed into individual communities, would it not have been More advantageous to consolidate the area into one community? KEPLEY REAL ESTATE Again hindsight. Let us now, get together and do some constructive planning for the future. for CAROLINA BEACH, N. C. the use of our land and protection of our environment. Who should do this plan- ning? The County Commissioners & County Planning Board (they do not re- side here) should these important decis ions for our future be left entirely up to the Older Generation they have more ex- perience. Should this planning be done by the permanent residents only, the young, the part time residents, busines- smen, property owners or only by those qualified to vote. Are these important decisions to be by any one group? For fair and proper planning all those men- tioned above should become involved- That is what the Coastal Area Manag- ment Act of 1974 is all about. The Act OCEAN FRONT PROERTIES guarantees each of us the oportunity and SALES AND RENTALS right to express out opinions and ideas for the future of our environment and COTTAGES, BEACH HOMES, AND particularily land use. Attend the CAMA meeting that is to COMMERCIAL PROPERTY be held on Pleasure Island in the near REALTOR P. 0. DRAWER 908 - 919-458-8222 REALTOR future. CAROLINA BEACH, N. C. 28428 "There's an olf adage "HINDSIGHT 59 is always better than foresights". Pleasure Island Magazine Published by Seaside Press Page 11 SOUTHPORT-FT. FISHER SAFARI CONTINUED ..... (TOLL) FERRY SPECIALIST Effective May 16 thru September 15 giraffe looks the same on film. You can't Leave Leave stand the roads, the heat, the animals. .. Southport Ft. Fisher it's more work than a vacation-you're WANTED 7:00 a.m. 8:00 a.m. 9:00 a.m. 10:00 a.m. always exhausted. You've seen rhino, 11:00 a.m. 12:00 noon buffalo, eland, hartebeest, wildbeest, 1:00 P.M. 2:00 p.m. monkeys and baboons, kudis, topis, and 3:00 p.m. 4:00 p.m. hyenas. The flamingos prance around --by Dick L vers 5:00 p.m. 6:00 p.m. the sporatic lakes while the jackals de- vour the rotting remains of a recent lion The job is not as difficult as it seems kill. Impalas and gazelles graze in the tall to* be, however there must be some PHOTOGRAPHY grass. The leader of the herd is constantly hidden obstacles nr some special talent ALL TYPES on guard to protect his domain. It's all necessary, as only about 10% of the Specializing in Restoring exciting at first, but it gets old very quick- citizens a pear to be capable of making p OLD PHOTOGRAPHS ly. Some, as in my case , even cut the trip the decisions that will affect most all of short ... there seems to be a relaxing feel- our future lives. Only about 10% seem ing getting back to civilization. interested in the future of our community C. K. Albertson One of the most interesting aspects of at least that is about all that attend com- 791-6125 the trip is not so much the animals, but munity relation meetings. Unless of the native Masai people-a People who course these meetings are protest meetings refuse to modernize, who live as they al- after the fact. ways have, tending their. herds, farming Qualification: No experience necessary OPEN 7 DAYS A WEEK and living a simple nature life. There is or required, nothing special, except con- 2nd STOP LIGHT ON THE CORNER one reserve called Wyorongoro Crater cern for your community and neighbors, 458-8272 which is 12 miles by 15 miles, 2000 feet pride in yourself, your family, the county deep and filled with all types of wildlife. and the state. Plus a burning desire to Carolina Beach There is a tribe of Masai, that live there in stop the destruction of our natural re- harmony with the animals. It's amazing sources that is being caused by apathy Drugs to realize that a tourist is told not to walk and the "Let John Do It" attitude. Reg. Pharmacist on duty around because he could. be considered There will be no immediate Temun- at all times game to a lion while the Masai, are con- eration for your efforts. There will be JEWELRY -COSMETICS sidered their neighbors. Most Masai are great rewards in abuse and critism. Work- DRAMAMINE missing cars, earlobes, and noses from in& hours, only a few, but at the most hanging various home-made jewelry from inopportune times, usually during TV them, in them, and through them. There prime time, 7:30 p.m. to 9:30 p.m. are a number of small camps set up for the Preparation time required for these few The tourists with carvings, Masai shields and hours work, as many hours as your pride clubs, spears, jewelry, beads, canes and and self satisfaction dictates, your con- DO-NUT Shop ,other various attractions. Bartering is science will be your guide. welcomed, and can even be fun. Broken We have all experienced the so called English is always spoken somewhere and recession and those frequent periods of Homemade communication never seemed, to be a inflation, but very few of us realize that On the Boardwalk problem. we have been a period of depression, per- So, if you ever get to Africa and feel taining to our environment, for many like a safari, be prepared for a rough years. "Like a Boil, it's going to get Bobby and Maxine Nivens 2000 mile exhausting ride on a bumpy, worse before it will get any better". dusty roads and a lot of excitement. Re- What this is all about, is conservation member, "jumbo" means "hello"in Swa- of our natural resource$, restoration of hili ... Bon Voyage. those resources that have already been desecrated. The intelligent planning for Carolina Bch. the future use of our land and natural Motel resources is a must. Do not allow the 10% active citizens to be pour proxy, voice your own opinions AIR CONDITIONED - POOL become involved in the planning for a COLOR CABLE T.V. better future for yourself and your chil- dren. Attend the meetings for COASTAL Becky Ruofla, Manager Ph. 458-5248 P.0. Box 435 Carolina Bch, N.C. AREA MANAGEMENT. 60 BEACH-O-GRAM WEEKLY YOUR "TREASURE CHEST" OF THIS AND THAT FROM HERE AND THERE - ON AND ABOUT- CAROLINA - KURE BEACHES VOLUME 3 NUMBER 19 PUBLISHER and EDITOR: Mrs. JOAN McKAY 458-5068 May 9,1975 CAMA by Dick Levers Local CAMA Representative You are invited.... to the SPRING FESTIVAL May SHOULDN'T YOU BECOME INVOLVED? 16, 17, and 18. A "Fun in the Sun" week-end The Coastal Area Management is planned for visitors and Act of 1974 is a state law t hat citizens of Pleasure Island. asks local governments of the The events begin on Friday 20 coastal counties to propose night with a "Battle of the a blueprint (plan) for future Bands" at the Wishing Well - growth and development. The Carolina Beach. Saturday fea- local governments have been asked by this act to work tures a Golf Tournament, Par- ade, Antique Auction and a closely with the local citi- The Boy cout Troop 221 of Motocross Race. zens in deciding what their Carolina Beach participated in The Motocross Race will be goals are in planning there a Cape Fear Area regional camp- held on Mr. Tregembo's pro- best use. oree on the campus of UNC-W perty on the River Road. There If this act is to become last week-end, May 2, 3. and 4. will be a cash purse for the effective you, the citizen, Over 1,000 Boy Scouts swarmed winner of this race. There must become involved. You over the campus. will also be trophies awarded. should. attend the CAMA meet- There were demonstrations Of On Saturday night a street ings in your area and express scouting skills and participa- dance will be held with music your desires as to how you tion in events for physical provided by the winner of the think your area should be de- fitness. "Battle of the Bands". veloped. Without input from Troop 221 was awarded two Sunday features the flea you, the act will be useless. Blue Ribbons and the Carolina Market and the finishing of All too often we hear people Beach community can be proud, the Golf Tournament. say, "My opinion makes no dif- of .their Boy Scouts. A tired The is the first special ference, so why should I bo- but happy groups of boys arriv- event of the 1975 season and ther," or "They'll do as they ed home on Sunday afternoon. participation is needed to please anyhow, they won't lis- The Boy Scouts meet every make it a success. Everyone ten to me." This apathetic Thursday evening at 7:00 PM at, is invited. Come out and have attitude results in the local the CMA church. The summer is an enjoyable week-end. governing bodies expressing a great time of the year for,-, opinions which may not neces- scouting. There is plenty of sarily be ours. Later when out door Activities. The scouts their opinions become laws learn marry skills that they that do not suit us, we have will be able to use all of a tendency to be offended, be- their life. cause we feel we had no say in the matter. True, every indivi- dual opinion or desire will not be enacted into law, but a consensus of opinions does carry a great deal of weight. Your idea may be just the one to better our way of life in the future here on Pleasure Island. This is a citizens partici- pation program, shouldn't you Glenn Alvord become involved? WALLY GOES SWIMMING The meeting date will be A man rarely succeeds at any- published in the Beach-O-Gram, thing unless he has fun doing it. watch for it. Jackie Waters by Beth Lobel As a student at Salem College, located In the midst Melt shortening. Pour Into large bowl. Add molasses and of old Salem, I have learned to enjoy and appreciate the sugar and blend well. The mixture way not blend at first wonderful recipes of the Moravlans. The Moravlans con- but will after a little beating. Allow to cool. Beat In egg. tinue to preserve their German heritage In the foods that Sift dry ingredients and add. mix well. It will be a stiff dough- Drop bY the teaspoon full on a greased baking sheet. they prepare In the Old Salem community.. Some of my Bake at 350 degrees for 70 minutes or untill they barely begin favorite recipes have been published in North Carolina to brown, Take from oven" runs spatula under the and old Salem Cookery by Elizabeth Hedgecock Sparks. cookies SO they will be easy to remove from baking sheet. A few of those recipes follow: Makes 4 dozen. MORAVIAN SUGAR CAKE Allow 1 cake yeast or I package dry granular yeast soak a few minutes In 1/2 cup luke warm water. SUGAR COOKIES OR TEA CAKES To 1 cup hot unseasoned mashed potatoes, add 1 cup granulated sugar, 4 tbsps, soft butter, 1/2 cup shortening and 1 tsp. salt. When lukewarm, add yeast mixture and 1 2 cups sifted flour, 1 cup Sugar 1 1/2 teaspoons baking powder 1 egg cup potato water. ~,~7 Set aside and allow to r1se In a warm place until spongy. 1/4 teaspoon salt 1 teaspoon vanilla Add 2 beaten eggs and sufficient sifted flour to make a 1/2 cup butter,margarine or 1 tablespoon milk soft dough. Allow to rise until double in bulk punch down shortening on lightly floured board. Spread out evenly In greased flat baking pan. When "light" make holes with your fingers and fill holes with pieces of Sift 1 1/2 cups of the flour with baking powder and salt. butter and brown sugar. Don't shortening, add sugar, egg, vanilla, and milk. Mix ogether. Add flour mixture. Add enough of the re- g flour to make a dough just thick enough to roll. Place on lightly floured board, roll out 1/8 inch in ~iss~.~-~' Cut with ~coo~ql~0qW ~cutter~8~6 p~qi ~A~s~od at* On ~V~r~q4~r~e s~qhee~qL Sprinkle with sugar and ~qb~6q"~qI ~qt~0~qj~q0~;~n~6q&~2qd~@~2 ~erat~e oven, 375 degrees. Makes *bout ~qS ~qd~q6~qi~qj~qi~,~qb~o~2qWe~q~. I Zobel Is worki~n~gw~i~t~h the ~0qNew~n~&~qW~;~qM~r men~qt Home Economist for& ~1!~qn~6qn THE HANOVER SUN, WILMINGTON N.C. FEBRUARY 4 1976 PUBLIC SERVICE There is going to be a planning dis- trict meeting on Monday February 9 at 7:30 p;m., Caroling Beach Community Building, 3rd and Raleigh St., Carolina Beach. The topic of the meeting will be the land use plan of Carolina and Kure Beaches. The speaker is Jim Taylor with the De- partment of Natural and Economic Resources. The Public is invited to attend. - ~2qW~_~q_~V ~0 GEORGE HENRY strike ~f~~@~ ~P~ ~~ WILKINS. Mal ~p ract~ice Insurance .George Henry Wilkins premiums. .~-1 Lake Village. died ~%~Fedn~esday morning In Dr. Walte~ir~ D~i~sbell, SAY MDR , ~q7~a~2qf~e 'Fear Memorial spokesman for the group., ~s~qild ~-~q1~0 ~qptal. ~qphys~qiclan~s~.would begin return- H~e was born In Colum- Ing to work Thursday and bus County on June ~qS. Friday. ~- I 1898 ~,the son of the late ~6qP~W George Hamilton and It was expected they would Alam~anz~qie Carroll. be tb~L~' vanguard of a larger Echo ~qF~4qm~8qm~' Wilkins~. ~. ~. ~.~~. ~.contingent from the 9.500 doc- He was a member of tors in Southern California hit ate B~qipt~qist Church with ~qinsurar creases of as ~.~ce in ~q8~8q1 ~q!~q:~6q@~q:was retired from much as 327 per cent. F ~6qU 17 Columbus Construction D~qi~shell made his 'an- Company. Mr. Wilkins It survived ~qf~qiouncement of the back-to~. b one brother. Joe work vote after a. meeting at ~4qU~qf~qlk~ql~ns. with whom he the Marriott Hotel. .made h~qis home; and several nieces -anA nephew& ~o~w funeral services will be ~qS~8q"~qg~qh~e~0qw condu~i~tted Thursday Brt~8qff~0q@ ~0qw~e~at ~qS~8~q1~5 afternoon at 3 p.m. in the hape of n ews M~or- tu b e Revs. Avery. Long and' Leonard THE. CITY-COUNTY pla~nn- Sanders. B ial will fo~ql~ql~q6w ~% ~qI~qn~qi~' dep~artm~qint will bo~qlfi. a ~j In Greenla~%~qW~n Memorial meeting on Feb. 9 at 7:30 p.m; Park. -the pr~opo to discuss sed ~-fi~i~q@d ~q37he family will b~q@~ql at" 2 ~;~@~.~qC~0qM B~qOY~-AR~4qA I use plan for Carolina and Kure Lake Vill ~( ~@~~1~8 SPAGHETTI& ~qW~0qwA~qL An An~c~4qf~qe~%~q@~qs -mortuary beacb~6qm The meeting w~qI~qll be Service;.:. held In the Carolina ~* B~q@a~ic~qb ~.0~-GET~qi Community !:enter. at T~qf~qi~qlrd BF~qF~qF JOHN W~qI~qL~qL~qL~qA~2qM- and Ral~ql~qin~qgs~'streets.~-S~qpe~ak~qing MOBLEY- " ~'~' 'Will ~"BEEFARONI Mr. William at the meeting- be Jim ~q1~-ohn ~qlobley~. a e 66. Of 909 Taylor of the N.C. Department ~4qZ ~ql~qilland~a ~e ~- Dr.,- of Natural~''an~qd ~- Economic. MUELLER'S V~qilm~qington~, , died W~ednes- Resources. ~4y morning in New ~ra~qh~over Memor~qlal' ~qTH~qE EMERITUS Club ~0qw~6qW -osp~qital follow~qing~'an e~x- nded t1lness~:~;~,~..~. meet Friday at 10 a.m. at the Mr. Mobley wa~qi~qbo~r~n~.~' YMCA. Miss Emma Gade A August, 4, 1909 In HutA~8qf~8qf will show slides. Wives ~iarleston, W.~- Va., the and friends will be welcome.- ~q6 of the late Mr. ~q3ohn ~.oma~s and Mr~s~@~, Ella DR. CHARLES R~. NANCE J~qI~qL ~it~qle~qd~qge Mobley. H~qi was retired employee of the Of Wilmington has been named ~ou~th Charleston Union by Gov. J~qim-Ho~qlsbouser to the SOUTHERN BISCUIT 5 ~qL~8qk BA ~i~rb~qide~'Chem~qical P~qlant~qi~n board of.direct~q6r~qi of t~qh~qe North ~qwth Charleston. W~.~* Va. Carolina 4~q0~rth~qoped~qlc Hospital ~qt bad been. employed In -Gastonia.- A n~qat~qi~v~qi~? of erefor~q26yeam lie Is su~r~v~qlv Charlotte-and a graduate of the ned by ~q'~ql~a Duke Medical School, Dr. Me. Mrs. A n Conley 4obley of the home; one Nance ~qIs~,~qI~n pr~qi~l ~qIt~qi~ce uaghte~r~@~- Mrs. -Ella- he-. W-~8qf~8ql~i~n~qfn g tow.- ur~8q& ~1 ~i ~, I ~-~aw~ql~qin~qgs of Cla'~rksb ~8q0~1~-tho~0qk~8qac Group ~-- ~0 ~- -~-~q%~, ~q@ ~- " I., gra~q@ ch Va~.~@~.~"3 d ~qI~qldren. 5~;~.~- ~z~j~@ ~n~z .~4 ~0 ICA ~8qU ~qA~0qW~-~1~-~1 ~S~l~2q@ ~qX ~qA~qk~@ ~~:~p ~a~q- ~-~qT~i tit ~qM~f~. ~i~qr ~P~t ~4~4q5 ~-~-~V~O~- ~Z~@- ~-~4~,~q7 A ~@~; ~4q4~0qm~-~qo ~1,~6 I ~8q4~1~C~@~. ~q3~3~, ~T~A ~0qT~qI~8qT~I~qC ...... ~qi~0q7 ~0qw~6qa ~64q4~qr ~qI~qA It ~m~qF ~- pit ~0 TV STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA, AFFIDAVIT OF PUBLICATION COUNTY OF NEW HANOVER. Before me, a Notary Public in and for aforesaid State and County, came this 21 day of April 1976 Jacob Brinson who being duly sworn,deposes and says that he is Clads Adv Mgr of the STAR-NEWS NEWSPAPERS, Inc. and that the advertising of Notice of Public Hearing Town of Kure Beach appeared in said publication on the date (or dates) and in the space as specified below: DATE CAPTION OF AD. SIZE April 18,19, 1976 cols. x__________lines NOTICE OF cols. x -------- lines PUBLIC HEARING cols. x -------- lines Notice Is hereby given in accordance with the ...,.provisions of the Coastal Area Management, f the Town cols.x -------lines Act Of 1974, that the Town Council o of Kure Beach will hold a public hearing to hear Subscribed and sworn to before' comments -and recommendations from, public arties regarding a proposed land and private p me this 21 day of April e Beach.The hear- WSPAPERS, Inc. use plan for the Town of Kur Ing will be hold at 7:30 p. m. on May 18th; 1976. Copies of the plan are available for inspection, in the- Clerk of the Court's office in the Courthouse and at the Town Hall between the Feb. 18 hours of 9 am and 4 pm weekdays. Comments My commission expires---- And recommendations received will. be con! sidered for incorporation Into the plan prior to Its adoption. Upon reading the foregoing affid is adjudged by the Court Notice given this date: April 18th,1976. that the said publication was duly an( en duly and legally served on the defendant(s). This day of ,19 Clerk of Superior Court ~0 ~6qure goes it alo~0q' ne KURE BEACH - -In Kure "instead It got them' up on 'He said tax es would not In- Beach the completion - of a their feet." crease because of-the project. !bulkhead and ~qjetty~qing of the-:, The town, 'on ~qlts~:~wn' In. ~"I~qn fact," he continue~qd~q@ ..We 'downtown area Is the main' ~qIt~qlat~qive, has built a bulkhead' have some of e ow th I est taxes ~2p~1p~~qject of conversation. People. approximately 450 to 500 feet In the county and the s~qta~4qw~" there are proud of the way, long. ~qlb~qe bulkhead adjoins I~ql~ie bulkh ~ead, he said, was they built something ~Of value~. "another bulkhead -near the R~. Smith said h built primarily for the benefit Mnyo~qr ~8qC. ~qi~:~' fishing pier In the center of t~qhe ~0 ~q"~0q4~qE `- .. f elderly citizens "who Pad asked for' federal tow~i~L a~qid to wanted to see the~cean on help with the bulkhead and Jet-'.'- "This bulkhead ~0q*~2qM protect ~q@t~qy~qln~qj of the downt~own~'area Of our 'streets, out ~1~2q0~1ore, and their v~q1s~.~ql~.ts to. our shoreline&" Kure Beach, but wa~qi told~'~qIn water: lines. wAterfront view ~qof the' ~cean, from order to gain such. aid. his town.' property and property adjoin. h~qi ghways. Is hampered by the o~-~j~qld.~.~.~qbave to come under Ing the streets, and will give dunes of sand In almost all In. ~qt~6qype..~qof disaster the Kure Beach- business stances, he said.'..' r e nothing' ber~@ fore ~0qA~'c~ould ~8q1~q6~*sect~qlo~n d~qitlon~al about 4~q5~,~qj ad I ~8qW have. helped gh-~qfederal ~qf~qinan-~' parking spaces." ~6qWa~q@or Smith ~'~_~q;~q@h~qlc~qb 'Would' re tr~qict~. 'their ~t-dng~.~4q* ~V ~'~1~7~7~:~@ ~1~,~@~@ ~V~@ said. ew. Tho~qde 'who w~qa~n~qf can This news did not get, Kure Everybody In t~qhe~: town joln- ~v~qI come d ~@wn, ~- sit- right in their Beach, citizens down, he~,sald, ~-ed In on this project, be sa~ql~8q&~.~,~@ an enjoy ~'th~e scenery," car, d ~'~q@~q7 Smith When the bulkhead Is cow- pleted, be said, he expects the town. to receive national news coverage because "this shows. we have had the Incentive to do something for. ourselves, and to share with others, without being dependent upon or receiving aid from the federal governme~n~qt~,~;~6 ~qT~qhe long span of bulkhead Is now In the last ~sta~qges~'of con- Smith said.:. ~L .~"1~8q1~6~'~only thing which the ~'bulkhead lacks it the- present time Is a~'to~qp covering, the pav- log of the bar~qd'sur~qface a~qi~qd.t~qhe~q% Is," Smith sa~ql~4q&- ~qiuar~qi~q!~"ral ~2q0~; ~72q66