Cumberland County land use issues

[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]

Coastal Zone
information
Center
OCT 28 1976

CUMBERLAND COUNTY LAND USE ISSUES

COASTAL ZONE
INFORMATION CENTER

Prepared for:
State of New Jersey
Department of Environmental Protection
Division of Marine Services
Office of Coastal Zone Management
P.O. Box 1889
Trenton, New Jersey 08625

Submitted by:
New Jersey Department of Community Affairs
Division of State and Regional Planning

Funded under:
Federal Grant No. 04-4-158-50028
U.S. Department of Commerce
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Office of Coastal Zone Management

Date: December 1975

U . S . DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NOAA
COASTAL SERVICES CENTER
2234 SOUTH HOBSON AVENUE
CHARLESTON SC 29405-2413
HD
211
N5
C86
1975
Property of CSC Library

CUMBERLAND COUNTY LAND USE ISSUES

Issue

The economy of Cumberland County has notbeen tourist oriented, as it has

been in most of New Jersey's CAFRA counties; but, rather, it has been based on

manufacturing. Tourism has not developed due to the severely limited recrea-

tional potential of the bay shore, which consists of extensive wetlands, marsh

areas and off-shore mud flats. Most of the residential development in the

County has been oriented to the manufacturing industries of the Tri-City region,

which includes the cities of Bridgeton, M111ville and Vineland.

The most important of the growth inducing industries have been the glass

industry, textile manufacture and food processing. At present. each of these

industries is either experiencing decline, or is faced with problems which

make their decline seem probable. At the same time, Cumberland County lacks

other growth inducing factors, and as a result, the.expectations for continuing

growth of the County may be restricted.

Discussion and [email protected]

Cumberland County lies out side the major New Jersey transportation corridors

and is too far removed from Philadelphia in terms of travel time to be a suburb

of that metropolitan area. Transportation arteries in the County are rather

limited in-comparison with other CAFRA counties, and it is the only coastal

county which is-not traversed by at least one of southern New Jersey's major

toll roads. In addition, only three state highways cress the County: Route 49,

Route 55 (the County's only divided highway) and Route 77. As a result, growth

and development in the County have been almost entirely dependent upon the

establishment and expansion of manuf acturing indust ries.which are based on local

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resources suchas food production an&processing, the high quality glass sand

deposits and the availability of a relatively inexpensive-labor supply for-the

textile industry. The County can be characterized as an-independent social and

economic region, For example,. 87.7 percent (the highest percentageof all
CAFRA counties,') of all employed persons residing in Cumberland- County work

in the County..

In spite of the fact that manufacturing is the.'m6st important economic

activity, the County is predominantly rural. Over 88 perce nt.of its 321,024
acres are either in agricultural use, public open space. or undeveloped land. 2

.Between 1960 and 1970, Cumberland County's population increased by 14,524,
from 106,850 to 121,374 persons.3 Most of the population growth occurred in

Vineland which accounted for almost 10,000 of the total population increase.

The cities of Bridgeton, Vineland and Millville.form an urban extension

which is regional in nature and is referred to as the Tri-City Area. Although

the three cities are often viewed as an entity, each has unique development

characteristics and problems. Bridgeton is the oldest, smallest and most densely

populated of the three cities and is faced with an economic decline an d physical

deterioration of its central business district. Vineland, the largest and most

rapidly growing, is characterized by sprawl development which is encroaching

upon the existing agricultural lands. Millville is experiencing a combination

of both problems which affect the other two cities, as it has areas of urban

-deterioration and instances of sprawl and strip development.

Most of the residential growth within the Tri-City Area has been a result

of the growth of the manufacturing industries. Originally, such industries

concentrated within these municipalities to take advantage of the available rail

facilities. Residential development initially located in proximity to industrial

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uses, but with the growing reliance and use of the automobile, residential growth

..began to occur along the main highway arteries and away from the established

urban centers. Such sprawl development is especially evident in Millville and

'Vineland.

Between 1960 and 1970, Millville increased its popu lation from 19,096

4
persons to 21,366. Within this municipality, residential growth initially

occurred near the intersection of Routes 47 and 49 and has spread outward along

the major arteries that converge in this area. For the most part, development

has occurred in a northerly direction toward the City of Vineland. In fact, the

two cities appear to.be geographically merging. To control this form of sprawl

development and the associated problems, Miliville has adopted land use re-ulations

which should encourage growth closer to the existing urban center. The new zoning

regulations-encourage multi-family,and higher density development.to occur in a

concentric pa-ttern around the urban center, while restricting the outlying areas

to low density residential and agricultural uses. Such controls are essential

for the proper development of the City, as over 20,000 of its 27,417 acres are
woodlands, farmlan.d or otherwise vacant land.5

In terms of land area and population, the City of Vineland is the largest of

all the municipalities in the County. Between 1960 and 1970, Vineland increased
its population by almost 10,000 residents, from 37,685 to 47,399 persons.6 In

fact, two-thirds of the County's population growth has occurred in this area

Of Vineland's total area of 44,487 acres, 32,000 acres are in woodland, agricul-
tural use or vacant.7 However, recent residential development has not located

in proximity to the existing center. Originating in the vicinity of Route 47,

Main Road and Landis Avenue, residential growth has spread in all directions,

along the major and minor traffic arteries. Much of the development has.

bypassed land in a leapfrog fashion, rather than filling in existing undeveloped

areas. This has resulted in a pattern of development which is@ disorganized,.

does not conform to comprehensive land use planning and makes the provision of

facilities and services exceptionally costly.

Vineland's pattern of land use can be partially explained as a result of

its zoning ordinance which has failed to encourage growth in the undeveloped
areas close to the urban center.8 In the past, the zoning ordinance did little

to restrict residential growth in outlying areas and promoted strip commercial

and industrial development along major transportation routes. In recent years,

municipal officials have realized the wasteful land use practices that were

encouraged through past zoning regulations. To corr ect these inadequacies, a

new zoning ordinance was adopted late in 191-5. This ordinance attempts to

encourage.development near the existing urbanized areas while restricting
development in the outlying areas to a very low density potential.9

Between 1960 and 1970, the population of Bridgeton, the smallest of the

10
three, exhibited a slight decline from 20,966 to 20,435 people. With a land

area of slightly over 6 square miles, the density of Bridgeton is 3,143 persons

per square mile, as compared with 492 and 685 for Millville and Vineland
respectively.11

The major problem facing Bridgeton is the deterioration of its central

business district and parts of the residential areas. The cause stems from a

number of contributary sources which include incompatible land uses, lack of

recreaticnal facilities and the presence of physical barriers such as railroad

lines and other rights@of-way. However, steps have been taken to overcome some

of, the problems in the form of an 'Urban renewal project which is nearing
completion.. The-, project. covers- primarily the.Central Business District and

some of the residential,uses.on the periphery.
The type of residential growth which is occurring.in the County can be.

illustratedby an analysis -of- the types of building. permits issued.. Between 1965

and 1974. the total number of building-permits issued in the County was 10,264.

Of this total, 5477 were for single-family dwelling . 243 for-two, three and-

four family units, and 3,909 were for multi-family. (five or more) dwelling units.
Andditional 635 permits were also issue for public housing 1 12 The table,
9" units.

below illustrates the construction permit.breakdown.:

Residential.Permits
Cumberland County
1965 - 1974

Single-Family Two-Four Units Multi-Family Public Total

5,477 243 3,909 63.5 10,264

Of the 3,909 multi-family permits, all were issued for the Tri-City munici-

palities. In addition,. the Tri-City Area contains all of the 635 public housing

units.

Within the Tri-City Area, multi-family unit construction exceeded single-

family by a slight degree.. As an example, between 1965 and 1974, the number of

building permits- issued for multi-family was 3,909, as compared to 3,699 single-

family permits. The breakdown by the Tri-City Area is illustrated as follows:

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Tri-City Area.
Single-Family and Multi.-Family
Building Permits 1965

Municipal
Municipality S,ingle7Family Units Multii.-Family Units, Total

Bridgeton 98 686 784

Millville 856 1,136 1,992-

Vineland. 1,745 2,087 4,832-

TRI-CITY TOTALS 3,699 1,909 7,,608

As the above. figures indicate, the.trend in Bridgeton ia towards multi-family

construction., This may be due to the fact the Bridgeton is almost fully developed

and may not contain the suburban "image".that makes single-family homas marketable

or feasible. The fact:that only 98 single-family permits were issued for a ten

year period, coupled with a slight decline i n population during the 1960 70

period,. would seem to indicate that.the prospects for growth are limited..

The figures for the number of building permits issued.in Millville, although

substantially higher than Bridgeton's, do not indicate that growth is occurring

at a rapid pace. According to the 1970 U.S. Census and the 1974 Population

Estimates of the New Jersey Department of Labor,.the population of Millville

increased by approximately 3,500 persons during the 1960 - 1974 period, from

19,096 to 22,560 persons.

In comparison, Vineland is the only municipality within the Tri-City Area

which experienced substantial growthy not only in relation to other Tminici .pa-

lities, but to the County as well. Of the total of 5,477 single-family permits

that were issued during the 1965 - 1974 period, 2,745, or 50 percent, were approved

for Vineland, and of the 3,909 multi-family permits, 2,087, or 53 percent, were

also. issued- in that municipality. In. addition,. it. may also be of signif-i-r

cance.that Vineland-was the.only- municipality! of" the Tri-City Area. where single"

family unitconstruct,ion exceeded multi-family construction.. .-Such-figures may-

indiczte_@ that. Vineland is an area,of expanding,.. rather than consolidating-,- growth.

Of particular importance to the orderly growth and development.of the Tri-

City Area is the existence and operation of wastewater treatment facilities.

At present., the County has 13 was,tewater treatment systems, employing a variety

of effluent disposal techniques [email protected] operating-at various,levels,of
efficiency.13 if Cumberland County isto expand-its, residential.and industrial
ac'tivities, upgrading and- expansion,of facilities will become major factors for

growth and,development... Of particular concern, is.the existence of-a large

number of individual.septic.disposal systems-which has caused the pollution of

subsurface and underground water supplies.. Such pollution has occurred within

Vineland, Millville and Fairfield and Hopewell.Townships.

Certain existing systems, particularly Bridgeton.'s and Vineland's, are

experiencing overloading and.will be subjected to expansion and upgrading. Of

particular importance will be the upgrading of the-Bridgeton facility and its

operation by the Cumberland-County Sewerage Authority,. because it will serve

as a regional-plant for Hopewell and Fairfield Townships. The.construction of

a collection.sys!tem for the two Town-ships are dependent on the expansion of the

Bridgeton facility.

In addition to eliminating subsurface pollution caused by individual septic

tanks, the expansions within Millville, Bridgeton and Vineland will hopefully

attract more industries and thereby create additional jobs. In fact, the

Cumberland County Economic Development Commission has chosen as its main priority

the expansion@, construction and upgrading of sewerage system facilities, for the

purpose of promoting industrial growth.

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The future growth and stability of Cumberland.County will depend.primarily

on the growth-and,expansion of the manufactur-ing:s-ec.tor of the economy. However,

such.expansion is.q,uestionab.le., as the manufacturing sector is in decline,, not

only in-Cumberland County, but@throughout the State.

The County:has been primarily dependent on three major-manufacturing-groups

glass.production, food.processing and textiles and apparel production, which

constitute its economic base. These industries have developed within the County..

because it contains the basic-resources necessary for.the particular manufacturing.

proces'.s, such as high quality glass sand, agricultural.produce and an inexpensiv:e

labor force.

Since 1965, the number of manufacturing jobs has not exhibited.any signi-I

ficant changes. In terms-of the proportion to the total number of covered

jobs, however, manufacturing jobs have decreased, as illustrated in the.table

below:

14
Covered Employment Trends
For the Months of September
1965 - 1974
Percent of Manufacturing
Year Total Covered Manufacturing Job to Total Covered
Employment Jobs. Employment

1965 34,103 22,524 66.1
1966 35,611 22,784 64.0
1967 35,935 22,610 63.0
1968 38,081 23,862 62.7
1969 39,852 23,535 59-1.
1970 39,484 22,.671 .57.4
1971 40,301- 22,250 55.2
1972 42,207 21,535 51.0
1973 44,526 22,745 51.1
1974 43,478 21,542 49.6

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As the above, figures indicate,. themanufactur-ing employment has fluctuated..

by approximately 1,000 jobs over the ten year period, while total'covered employ-

ment: increased by over 9,000 jobs. ..The increase in covered employment..has been.

mainly,within the categories of Wholesale and Retail Trade., Small Services and.

Amusement, and Finance, Insurance and Real Estate, with the other industrial

groups also partially contributing. The growth of the non.--manufactu.ring employ"

ment is illustrated,in the.tabl.e below,:

Non-Manufacturing Jobs
For the.Months of September
1965 and i97415

Category, 1965 1974 Increase

Wholesale and. Retail Trade 5,015 8,193 3,178
Transportation 1,788 2,687 899
Communication.and Utilities 608 687 79
Small Service s and Amusements 1,130, 5,240 4,110
Finance,. Insurance, and Real Estate 1,007 2,500 1,493
Construction Contract 1,323 1,826 503
Mining, Agriculture and Other 708 803 95

TOTALS 11,579 21,936 10,357

The three major manufacturing groups food processing, textiles and apparel

production and glass processing - form the economic base of Cumberland County.

Both in 1965 and.1974, these three industries provided 84% of all manufacturing
jobs in,the County.16 However, during the ten year period, the apparel industry

has undergone a substantial reduction in the number of employer units and jobs,

as illustrated, in the table below:

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Apparel and Needle:Production
For-the Months of S7ptember-
196.5 1974.1

Yeat@ Units Jobs

1965 4.1 4,459
1966 41 4,267
1967 36 3,828
1968 38 4,.534
1969 36 4,365
1970 37 3,317
1971 33 3,279
1972. 32 2,816
1973 31 3,176
1974 27 2,432

The continuing decline within the apparel industry was partially offset

by an increase of jobs in glass manufacture and a relative stability in food

processing. However, since 1973, the glass production and food.processing

industries have been in a precarious position. The glass industry maintains

that it can no longer compete-effectively because production costs in New

Jersey exceed costs-found in other parts of the country. Cost items, according

to industry spokesmen, include the more expensive low sulfur fuel oil required

to meet the-Sta te's environmental regulations, substitutes for natural gas,

such as propane, local property taxes which are higher than in many other states,

and the high cost of-pollution abatement equipment required by New Jersey's

environmental regulations for air quality standards. As a result, employment

in the glass industry is decreasing. For example, Wheaton Glass has reduced

its work force by 1,500 within the last two years, and Kerr Glass and Owens-

Illinois have cut employment by 700 workers. In addition, many of the companies

have indicated that although they were expanding operations, such expansion
would not occur in New Jersey.18

The curtailment of activities within the apparel and.the-glass industry-

has been combined..with a strong.pos-sibility of reduction in employment with-in.

the.,food processing-industries. With therecent announcement-by Seabrook Farms

to curtail-operations,.-the.economic base of Cumberland.County-could be-seriously

undermined. The effects of-the curtailment of, operation in the three major

industry groups are evident,as Cumberland County has-had the htghest rate of

19@
unemployment,(17%) within New Jersey's'labor marke-t-area-s.

The sand and gravel.mining industry of Mimberland.County provides the@basic,

raw material of the County's glass industry and is an important source of supply
fo@ the.general construction industry of the County and the-Philadelphia- -Camden.

metropolitan region. It can be expected that the demand for sand and gravel

products will increase in the future. Because of the local.an®ional economic

impact of the industry, it will be increasingly important.to protect.the basic

resource and to provide for the regulated expansion of mining operations in a

manner consistent with environmental concerns and with land use planning objec-

tives for future development.

Sand and gravel mining is a highly destructive form of land,use which has

often resulted in large areas of scarred, denuded landscape unsuitable for-most

normal land uses. Excavation operations may create surface or groundwater

supply or water quality problems, they may create problems in the future use

of the sites themselves or in the future use of adjacent areas, they may pose

noise and traffic control problems, and they may present the potential for serious

environmental damage, such as erosion and the subsequent siltation of surfa'ce

streams and the destruction of large areas of vegetation and

wildlife habitat.

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At the present.*time, there are@about 4,000 acres of sand-and gravel
extraction operation s in Cumberland.County.20 In,addition, there may be-a

substantial amount of land. in the County which is being held by mining

operators or industrialsand users as sites for the future expansion of their-

min ing operations. Present large-scale.mining pits are primarily located.in the

eastern-half of the County in Vineland, Millville, Maurice River Township-,

Commercial Township and Downe Township. A significant imount of this acreage

lies within the CAFRA zone, but future-excavations.may be developed either within

or outside of the CAFRA boundary. Controls over extractive operations include

local zoning controls, the recently adopted Soil Erosion and Sediment Control

Act., which will be administered through the Soil Conservation Districts,, and

State envi ronmental controls including CAFRA, the Wetlands Act and the Riparian

Lands Act. Careful coordination of all of. these controls will be necessary in

order to avoid undue restrictions on the industry, while protecting,the environ-

ment and other land users.

Agriculture has been an important base for economic activity in Cumberland,

County. In total, the County has over 68,800 acres (21 percent of its land
area) devoted to agricultural use. 21 . In 1974, the County ranked first in the

State in the acreage devoted to lettuce, onion and strawberry production and

was second in the acreage devoted to.cabbage and nursery stock., In addition,
poultry farming is an important agricultural industry.22

The importance of agricultural activity within the County lies in its link

to the manufacturing sector of the economy, specifically, the food processing

industry. The existence of this industry is predicated, among other conditions,

on the availability of farm produce, of which Cumberland County is a leading

supplier. As a direct result of agricultural activities, the food processing

_13-

industry is the second largestwithin thermanufacturing sector, employing well.

over 4,000 workers at.-peak periods of the year. Of. particular importance has

been Seabrook Farms, Inc.,, which encompasses 19,000.acres,@.and leases, or-

through cooperati.ves@,-.utilizes,an.additional 40.,000 acres, making it the. largest
single farming enterprise in.New Jersey.23 -

At,present, however, the agricultural industry is facin&severe problems

as a result of the decisions by a number of food processing plants to relocate

or curtail their activities within the County. For example,. the.P.J. Ritter

Company has shifted its..processing operations to another state, and-Seabrook
Flar-ms has.announcedit will eliminate b oth growing and processing within the

near future. Citing increased prices, labor and energy costs, coupled with

rigid environmental standards as major -,-,xoblems, industry spokesmen have stated

that.food processing is no longer profitable in New Jersey. As a result,

Seabrook's decision will affect at least 150 growers and could result in a loss
of 1,.200 jobs.24

The preservation of the agricultural industry is important not only in

terms of the number of jobs that are generated, but also,in terms of land-use

planning.. If the farmers no longer find a market for their produce, their lands

could be subject for residential or commercial development in areas where such

development is not warranted, as for example in outlying areas where public

facilities and serv-ces are lacking-. Because agricultural land most often

possesses the qualities which attract development, such as good drainage, large

tracts and flat topography, and because the use of such lands for agricultural

production would no longer be economically viable, speculation and development

pressure could be an undesirable reality.

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Implications

:Due to the geographic distribution of development in Cumber-land County,

it.is difficult to identify any major impacts on the CAFRA.zone which might

occur as-a result of land use,ch.anges or development pressures in the future.

Instead, it appears:that..suburban development@will continue to occur outside

of the CAFRA boundary (within the Tri-City region in particular).. Large scale.

residential development within the County's CAFRA zone is not expected for

several reasons. The area consists.of large wetland areas and numerous large

public conservation lands. It has no recreational attractions such as the

beaches and tourist centers, similar-to those on th e Atlantic Coast. Due to

the nature of its soils, it does not have land commonly thought of as desirable

for development. Finally, any new growth which may occur in the County will

be oriented towards the Philadelphia Metropolitan area, and thus will locate

in the northern areas of the-County which are closer to Philadelphia.

The planned series of improvements to the County's transportation system

to the Philadelphia-area will be potential stimulants for- growth in the northern

area of the County. The northern portion of the Route 55, Freeway is scheduled

t
o be completed by 1978, from its present.terminus at the Cumberland-Gloucester

County border to the City of Glassboro, and the Delaware River Port Authority

is planning a new high speed rail passenger line from Glassboro to Philadelphia.

The 1.i@;h speed line, in combination with the completed Route 55, is expected to

reduce travel time from Millville to Center City Philadelphia to approximately

one hour. This could be a stimulus for growth in the Tri-City Area; however,

rapid development is not anticipated in the near future, because Camden, Gloucester

and Salem Counties have substantial amounts of vacant, developable land which

will absorb the expansion from the Philadelphia Metropolitan Area before extending

Into Cumberland County.

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There are-two potential maj.or residential growth areas which may be advan-

tageously affected by-the travell improvements outlined.above. The first is the

planned recreational community which is already under construction along the

eastern.shore of Union Lake in Millville. This development, a.20 year-project

of the Maurice.River Company, is to contain 7,180 residential,units and will

house approximately 20,000 persons when completed. The second potential growth.

area is the planned new community in'Upper Deerfield Township, known as Seabrook

Farm ingtown. As originally planned, this "agri-city" would have consisted of an

overall.tract.of 6,000 acres, broken down into 1,500 acres of agriculture,

2,285 acres of residential development (15.,'000 units with 500 acres of open

space), 29,5 acres of commcrC4al and spec-ally restricted business.use, 570 acres

26
for industrial use and 1,360 acres of open space. The future of this proposed

agri-city is questionable due to a series of economic factors which have forced

the sponsor into bankruptcy- However, a major upturn in the national.economy

could result in a revival of the project. Other possibilities are that the project

could be revamped along less ambitious lines or it may revert entirely to standard

subdivisi-ons.,,developed individually without the environmental or economic

benefits of the original plan.

Several implications for the future of the Tri-City area can be deduced from

the discussion Of the cities of Bridgeton, Millville and Vineland. All three

cities show the effects of past inadequate land use planning and ineffective

development controls. Bridgeton is working to overcome problems of deterioration

through an urban renewal project, and Millville is investigating the possibility

of a downtown mall. In.Bridgeton, which is largely developed, each improvement
made should affect the overall-condition of the City favorably and improve its

outlook,for the.future.. Vineland, as a result of the-rapid pace of its growth.

over the past-twenty years, has not yet,,beg,:un,to.experience the large-scale

problems of'deteriorat.ion which have affected Bridgeton and Millville. However,

the sprawling,, inefficient land use pattern that now exists maylead to problems,

of-higher municipal expenditures for@-the provision.and maintenance of such

se rvices as water, sewer, garbage collection,, and.police and fire protection.

in terms of the entire Tri-City Area, continued sprawl development can be

expected to have undesirable impacts.. There is the obvious continued loss of

farmland as new development scatters itself through the area. Strip development

virtually links Vineland. and Millville already, and similar development is

currently spreading out to link Millville with.Bridgetonly

Cumber-land Mall,.which is-located near the Route 55 interchange on

the Vineland-Mi.11vil.le, boundary, is a major stimulant that has served to intensify

the growth pressures which had already been working to link the two cities with

strip development Along Route 47. The spread.development which is occurring near

the Cumberland Mall and elsewhere in the Tri-City Area is.having an adverse impact

on agricultural land. As previousl y mentioned, existing spread development has

encroached on agriculture to the extent that in the Tri-City Area and particularly

in Vineland, many parcels of agricultural acreage are completely enclosed by

strip residential and commercial land uses. As development continues in the

Tri-City region,and spills over from the three cities into the townships, the

loss of agricultural land.would continue.. The remaining agricultural land in

Vineland, although it is substantial in terms of acreage, is so fragmented by

strip residential and commercial development that its ultimate conversion seems

-inevitable.

_17-

Although spread.development is--of substantial concern, there are indications

that.growth in the Tri-City Area (and in the-County) may not continue at the rate

establish ed over the,last two decades. As discussed-previously, it appears

that future growth in Cumberland County must be based on expansion within the

manufacturing sector of the County's economy.. Indications, however, for expansion

in the manufacturing sector-of the economy are.lacking. In fact., one of the

largest employers, in the County, the textile industry,.exhibited a decline in

employment between 1965 and 1970, and there seems to be little hope that this

trend will reverse itself. The largest employer in the County, the glass

industry,although it.maintained, its level of employment.between 196.5 and 1.970,

is not projecr-ed to show significant expansion in the future. In fact, the

national energy crisis has had an adverse-impact on the glass industry. The

industry is heavily dependent upon adequate supplies of natural gas which it

uses as a heat source for its manufacturing processes. The shortage of natural

gas in the winter of 1974-75 resulted in production slowdowns. Should the

natural gas supply problem continue to remain unsolved, the glass industry may

be forced to choose between conversion of its plants to another fuel or the

relocation of the industry to an area where gas supplies are adequate. In

addition to this problem, the industry is faced with the higher costs incurred

in doing business in New Jersey as compared to costs in other states. New

Jersey's strict environmental protection laws and regulations and.the high tax

rate are two reasons cited by industry spokesmen as working against the industry

in New Jersey. Relocation of the industry woul d be asevere blow to the economy

of Cumberland County, as it provides 27 percent of the employmentin the

County.. In addition, the prospects for continued growth of the County's population

and economy would be drastically reduced.

Data Gaps

1. Additional information concerning the sand and gravel mining industry

is-neede d. In particular, informatio n is needed concerning acreage currently

being mined, acreage in abandoned and unreclaimed pits, the details and status

of existing or proposed localCounty or State regulations. concerning pit

reclamation, an inventory of land which is held by mining concerns and

individual industries who ma
,y maintain their own sand:and gravel mining operations

which may be opened for mining purposes in the future..

2. A comprehensive review of proposed riegionalization of existing sewerage
sy'stems and expansions is needed in order to evaluate potential impacts the new

systems may have on the location and density of-future development.

3. Small scale development within the CAFRA zone, i.e., under 25 residential

units, may be occurring in environmentally sensitive-areas. The cumulative impact

of such small scale development should be further investigated.

_19-

FOOTNOTES

!Office of Business Economics, New Jersey Department of Labor and Industry,
."Selected Places of Work by Municipalities & Residences," 1973.
2Cumberland County Sewerage Authority, "Social, Environmental and Wastewater
Inventory Report," March, 1975, 5-3.

31970 U.S. Census.

41bld.

5Cumberland County Sewerage Authority, o2_..c.it., p. 5-6.

61970 U.S. Census.
_7Cumberland County Sewerage Authority, op.cit., p. 5-5.

City of-Vineland Zoning Ordinance.
9City of Vineland Revised Zoning Ordinance, Nov ember, 1975.

101970 Census of Population.
11PIanning, Educational and Economic Consultants, "A Report to the Bridgeton
Planning Board: First Year Program," September, 1971, p.15.
12New Jersey Department of Labor and Industry, "New Jersey Residential
Building Permits," 1965-1974.

13Cumberland County Sewerage Authority, op.cit., p. 2-1/1.
14New Jersey Department of Labor and Industry, "Covered Employment Trends in
New Jersey," 1967-1974.

151bid.

161bid.

171bid.
18Donald Janson, "Glass Industry's Leaders See Peril in Costs of Fuel and
State Air Rules,'.' New York Times, December 8, 1975.
19New Jersey Department of Labor and Industry, "Covered Employment Trends
in New Jersey," 1967-1974.
20Cumberland County Sewerage Authority, op-cit., pp. 5-9 and 11-2.

-20-@

2lCumberland County Sewerage Authority, op.cit., p. 5-4.

22
New Jersey Department of Agriculture, Crop Reporting Service..
@3Cumberland County Sewerage Authority, op.cit., p.2-4.
24Donald Jansen, "Seabrook Farm's Plan to End Processing of Vegetables is
Termed Disaster-," New York Times,, January 6, 1976.
25Cumberland County Sewerage Authority, op.cit., p. 6-5.
26Seabrook.-Farmington Inc., "Seabrook Farmington: A.Planned Community,"
June,'1973.

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