    [From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]

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                   Town Of CHERRYFIELD
                     COMPREHENSI E PIAN

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                                            COASTAL ZONE

                                          INFORMATION CENTER

          HD   ...a. guide             for growth
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          1977

                                      THE CHERRYFIELD COMPREHENSIVE PLAN

                                                    CONTENTS

                               INTRODUCTION

                               HISTORY                                        3
                               THE LAND                                       5
                               USES OF THE LAND                               9
                               CARRYING OUT THE PLAN                         15
                               POPULATION                                    20

                               ECONOMIC ACTIVITY                             26

                                                                           COASTAL ZONE
                                  property Of CSC Library              INFORMATION CENTER

                                                         U     DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NCAA
                                                         COASTAL SERVICES CENTER
                                                         2234 S-OUTH HOBSON AVENUE
                                                                            9405-2413
                                                         CHARLE'STON    SC 2

                                    The Cherryfield Comprehensive Plan-

                                           A Guide for Growth

                  The Planning Board was appointed by the Selectmen to advise them and the'
                  Town Manager about the future of the Town. This Comprehensive Plan
                  report describes the Town as it is today and as it may be tomorrow.

                      1. Introduction

                         The United States Chamber of Commerce in its publication "City
                     Planning and Urban Development" states:

                              "City or urban planning in its simplest terms can be
                               defined as intelligent forethought applied to the
                               development of a community. A plan for a town, city,
                               or metropolitan area is an outline which attempts to
                               set down in words, maps, and charts a guide for public
                               officials and private citizens in developing and using
                               land. This plan is commonly known as the comprehensive,
                               general, or "master" plan for the community.
                              "No business concern today can continue long in business
                               without applying forethought to the efficient development
                               of its physical plant, its financial capacity to improve
                               it operations, and its responsibilities to the public in
                               the form of goods and services. There is no basic
                               difference between the concept of planning for private
                               business and,planning for a community."

                         A comprehensive plan has two basic functions:
                              1. 'Policy determination: The.plan enables the town through
                              its planning board to consider alternatives and agree upon a
                              definite set of policies that will govern future physical
                              development and a general physical design to be followed in
                              carrying out these policies.
                              2. Current project review: The plan enables the Selectmen
                              and Planning Board to view all specific projects upon which
                              they must act against a clear picture of desirable future
                              development for the entire town.

                  Since its settlement in 1757, the Town of Cherryfield has changed greatly.
                  In the future it will also change and grow.. This comprehensive plan is
                  a guide for growth. It is a policy framework which will be used by the
                  Planning Board and Selectmen in making decisions concerning the investment
                  of both public and private funds in order to encourage the development of
                  better residential areas, improved commercial and industrial sites and
                  more adequate community facilities such as schools and parks.

                  The goal of this plan is to make Cherryfield a better place in which to
                  live , work and play.
                  The town is a grouping of parts that are so closely interrelated that
                  none can be considered separately in making intelligent recommendations.
                  A proposed subdivision can not be reviewed by the Planning Board without
                  considering the roads, sewers, water, schools, and shopping areas in the
                  vicinity, and the effect that the subdivision'with its homes and people
                  will have upon them.
                  Land is one of the town's most valuable resources as well as the property
                  of individuals. When it is put a particular use (civic buildings, fac-
                  tories, streets,etc.) this is generally a long term commitment. Real
                  property is not like worn-out machinery which can be "written off the
                  books" -- it remains as a permanent part of the town. A poorly located
                  use will remain as an "eye-sore" for years. A use without proper road
                  access or adequate water and sewer services will present problems
                  throughout its life. For these reasons, the present and future uses of
                  the land are legitimate concerns of the public as well as of the indi-
                  vidual property owners.
                  This plan is a statement of policy prepared to guide further development.
                  It is-not a set on mandatory, hard and fast rules and regulations.
                  This plan is flexible and will be changed in the light of new conditions
                  and new developments. It is not a rigidly imposed "straight jacket."
                  This plan is a program concerned with thinking constructively about the
                  future of Cherryfield.

                                                    H I STORY*

                       Cherryfield, on the southwestern border of Washington County is
                   situated on both sides of the Narraguagus River. This town was originally
                   No. 11 of the "lottery Townships," fifty of which, situated between the
                   Penobscot and St. Croix rivers, were included in the land lottery of 1786.
                   The town was incorporated in 1816. Its first settlers had come in'1757.
                   Milbridge Village is at the head of navigation on the Narraguagus, although
                   Cherryfield is at the head of the tide five or six miles farther on.
                       The origin and development of the town of Cherryfield has been chiefly
                   due to the Narraguagus River which divides the village into two nearly
                   equal parts. It was for many years called Narraguagus. Vessels ascended
                   to Milbridge within five and half miles of Cherryfield Village, and lumber
                   was floated to that point in scows and rafts.
                       Cherryfield was first settled in 1757 by Ichabod Willey and Samuel
                   Colson . Willey, and probably Colson, came from New Hampshire; the former
                   was English born, or born soon after his parents came to this country.
                   His wife, Elizabeth Bumford, was born in Londonderry, Ireland. Mr. Willey
                   was a millwright, who built the first mill on the Narraguagus River.
                   About 1760 two brothers, Thomas and Samuel Leighton, came from Falmouth
                   to the Narraguagus; Joseph Bracy was a very early settler. John Bohannon,
                   Samuel Colson and John Foster had arrived by 1763. John Lawrence came early
                   from North Yarmouth, while Captain Josiah Tucker built a house and lived
                   on the hill east of Samuel Ray's residenc  'e.
                       Alexander Campbell moved to that part of Steuben, now Cherryfield,
                   where he built mills about 1772 or 1773. He first contemplated building
                   on the privilege occupied by Forest Mill, but built a dam and tide mill
                   down below. There was a mill built prior to this, perhaps owned by Joseph
                   Wallace, Deacon Johnathan Stevens and others'..
                       John Archer, an Englis4an, a surveyor'aind teacher, took up a lot on
                   the Beddington.Road in thg early settlement, was one of the assessors in
                   1812, and a member of the Committee of Safety. @h@bal Hinckley, sometime
                   prior to the Revolution, settled first on the east side of the river and
                   then moved to the intervale beyond the Archer place. The Fosters came to
                   the river from Cape Elizabeth soon after the close of the Revolutionary
                   War. They were English born and lived at Halifax, but had great sympathy
                   for American independence.
                       The northeast part of Steuben was annexed to Cherryfield in-jj@Z&.
                   Alexander Nickels first settled in Milbridge and then purchased-the Todd
                   lot in Cherryfield and built a mansion. He was concerned with the tide
                   mill at the old shipyard. Issac Patten, by trade a tanner, came to
                   Gouldsborough early and then moved to Foster's Island in Narraguagus Bay.
                   Colonel Campbell relinquished some thirty acres of the large lot which he
                   had taken up, and Mr. Patten established a tanyard near the creek. Joseph
                   Bracy, a very early settler, already mentioned, finally bought a piece of
                   land of the Todd or Nickels lot and built a house on the south side of the
                   old County road that led to the bridge at.Shipyard Point.

                   *From Ava Harriet Chadbourne's Maine Place Names and the Peopling of Its
                    Towns, 1957

                      The first meeting house was built on the east side of the river near
                  the Campbell Mill. "The Belgrade," a full-rigged bark that carried fifty-
                  six local men around Cape Horn to California during the gold rush, was
                  built in this formerly active shipbuilding community.
                      Among later Cherryfield settlers was Dr. Benjamin Alline, surgeon in
                  the Continental Army, who settled in Gouldsborough after the war. He
                  moved to Cherryfield about 1790, the first physician in the vicinity.
                  Joseph Adams came about 1807 from Massachussetts to Wiscasset, soon to
                  Cherry fie I d. He was among the plantation officers in 1809 and from that
                  time was identified with the town and with its interests. He held nearly
                  every town office and was elected several times to the General Court.
                  He often rode on horseback from Narraguagus to Boston and back again after
                  the session. A man of fine personal presence and of genial manners, he
                  was a member of the Committee of Safety in 1812, and a Representative,
                  from 1821 to 1831, to the Legislature of the newly established State of
                  Maine.
                      The census of 1790 lists the following additional heads of families
                  in No. 11 at that date: John Jordan, Moses Roff, Gawing Vilson, John
                  Anderson, John, Elisha, Ebeneezer and John Small, Jr.
                      Cherryfield's claim to be "The Blueberry Capital of the World" is
                  based upon its extensive blueberry barrens which als
                                                                        'pt4@y
                                                                            ,pport the canning
                  facilities operated by A.L. Stewart and Sons and Wym@n iiaspe_5vand Son.
                  Both factories also receive and process berries from o5tfie-r-parts of the
                  county.

                  THE LAND

                  A series of maps has been prepared showing which parts of the town are
                  most suitable (and least suitable) for residences, farms, industry and
                  other activities.. Agreement to use the land in keeping with its capa-
                  bilities is an important first step on improving property values,
                  preventing adverse conditions which will be expensive to correct, and
                  assuring sound growth of the town.

                  ELEVATION

                  In general, Cherryfield lies predominantly between sea level and 200 feet
                  of elevation, gently sloping upland to higher points on Pineo Ridge and
                  west of the upper reaches of the Narraguagus River. A long ridge of
                  land west of the West Branch of the Narraguagus exhibits a more sudden
                  rise of land. This is an extension of a small band of mountains immedi-
                  ately to the west in Hancock County.

                  SLOPES

                  Slopes are an important aspect of elevation. Whether an area is at sea
                  level or 3000 feet above sea level is less important than knowing how
                  steeply the land rises. Slope is measured as a percentage of the relation-
                  ship between vertical distance and horizontal distance. If, for example,
                  the ground rises 10 feet for every 100 feet of horizontal distance., the
                  slope of the land is 10 divided by 100, or 10%. Slope is important when
                  a piece of land is being considered for various kinds of development.
                  Economically and physically, it is usually harder to develop a piece of
                  steep land. Bedrock is usually closer to the surface, and runoff of rain-
                  water or snowmelt increases velocity on steep slopes and makes erosion
                  more likely. Development of steep slopes should be considered with care.
                  Cherryfield has few probl@ms with steep slopes. Except for the western
                  rLdge coming in from Hancock County, most steep areas are small and isolated.
                  Probably 90 to 95% of Cherryfield's land has'a slope no greater than 8%.

                  SOILS

                  Soil is the ground on which land uses occur. Therefore,   the condition of
                  the soil and soil types are important in land use decisions. Most soils
                  in Maine, however, have only been mapped generally. A few areas have been
                  studied intensively to determine their soil types, but most information
                  available is the general soils mapping done by the Soil Conservation
                  Service.
                  The soils groups mapped on this map for Cherryfield are general associa-
                  toins, mixtures of different types of soils.   Their general analysis is
                  dependent not only on the soils themselves,.but also on how rocky they are,
                  and on how steep the slopes on which they occur are.- Although this map
                  shows what kinds of soils are found in Cherryfield, the boundaries are
                  not strict, and isolated pockets of radically different soils may be
                  found upon closer investigation of a particular site. This is one reason
                  why soils tests are important.

                  Unfortunately, most of the general soils associations in Cherryfield are
                  not considered favorable for most kinds of development. The term "favor-
                  ability" can be awkward, as in the case of some soils that are suitable
                  to build houses or stores on, but which are notably unsuitable for sewage
                  disposal. Poor soils do not, however, prohibit development. They can
                  create limitations by which a town must determine what are the best uses
                  for the land. Other-than-conventional uses may be called for. Larger
                  than average lot sizes may be necessary. Other measures can be taken to
                  use the land to its best capacity. The accompanying chart shows some of
                  the constraints for the soils found in Cherryfield.

                                            CHERRYFIELD GENERAL SOILS ANALYSIS

                                                                          V)       Uj  _j             0-   Uj
                                                              a-                   CL         <       C)
                  SOIL TYPE          TEXTURE     SLOPE        Uj                              _j      W    _j
                                                              cn                   06  in     a.      U    ca

              Adams                   ----       0-15  %     V     V      G-F      V  F-P P_V       V
              Alluvials               ----       0-3         V     V      V        V   V     V      V
              Belgrade                ----        0-15       P     F      P        F   P    F-P    F-P
              Berkshire               ----        0-15      G-F    F      F      G-F  F-P    F     P_V
              Biddeford               ----        0-3        V     V      V        V   V     V      V
              Buxton                  ----        3-15       V     F      P        F   P     V     P_V
              Buxton-Scantic          ----        o-8        V     V      V        V   V     V      V
              Colton                  ----        o-45       V     V      F        V   P     V      V
              Duane                   ----        0-15       V     V      F        V   F     V      P
              Elmwood                 ----        0-15       V     F      P        F   P     F      F
              Hermon                  stony       3-45      F-P    V      F-P      P   P     V     P_V
              Leicester               stony       o-8        V     V      V        V   P     V     P-V
              Lyman                   ----        3-15       P     V      V        V   P    P_V     P
              Lyman                   stony       o-45       V     V      V        V  P_V    V      V
              Lyman-Berks'hire        stony       0-15      -.-P   V      V        V   P    P_V     V
              Marlow                  ----        3-15       P     F      F      G-F  F-P    P     F-P
              Marlow                  rocky       3-45      P-V  F-P      F        F  P_V   P_V     V
              Organic                 ----        0-3        V     V      V        V   V     V      V
              Peru                    rocky       3-15       V     F      P        F   P    P_V     V
              Ridgebury               rocky       0-8        V     V      V        V   P     V      V
              Rockland                rocky       3-45       V     V      V        V   V     V      V
              Saco                    ----        0-3        V     V      V        V   V     V      V
              Scantic                 ----        0-3        V     V      V        V   P     V     P_V
              Scarboro                            0-3        V     V      V        V   V     V      V
              Suffield                ----       15-45       V   P_V      P_V    P_V   V     V      V
              Swanton                 ----        0-3        V     V      V        V   P     V      P
              Tidal                   ----        0-3        V     V.     V        V   V     V      V
              Waumbek                 stony       0-15       P    ..F     P        F   P    P_V    P_V
              Walpole             1               0-3        V     V      V        V   P     V      P

                    E -- Excellent            SEPTIC       on-site septic systems
                    G--- Good                 COVER        c@ver materials for landfills
                    F -- Fair                 HOUSES       residential houses
                    P ---Poor                 PIPES        municipal sewer lines
                    V -- Very Poor            BUILD        icommercial buildings no more than 3 stories high
                                              PLAYG        playing fields
                                              CROPS        cultivated crops
                                              BLUEB        blueberry cultivation (no info. as yet)

              From: "Soil Suitability Guide" Cooperative Extension Service, Unviersity of Maine,
                     Orono, Maine, Misc. Publication No. 667 (Revised February 1975).

                                                                                                           7

                  SURFICIAL GEOLOGY AND GROUNDWATER FAVORABILITY

                  This map depicts several kinds of geological conditions found in Cherryfield.
                  These conditions relate closely to the soil types found in the area and
                  may influence the occurrence of groundwater.
                  The s.urficial geology unddrlies (usually) the topsoil and often is of
                  inorganic materials. The exception is swamp deposits, made up of peat and
                  muck, occurring in poorly drained areas. They may release water slowly
                  o groundwater sources or to streams associated with them. They absorb
                  flood waters during high runoff periods.
                  t

                  Marine deposits occur in areas where the sea once inundated the land,
                  usually less than 100 feet above present sea level. The materials are
                  silts, clays, and very fine sands, deposited as sediments. Water may be
                  held in these materials, but it is released very slowly, though it is of
                  good quality.
                  Outwash is made up of materials deposited as the last glacier retreated.
                  It is described as stratified, or layered, deposits of sand and gravel,
                  with some silt, clay, and cobbles. The areas are generally too small or
                  too thin to be significant water resource areas. The water yielded,
                  howeve'r, is usually soft and of good quality.
                  Ice-contact deposits are also stratified layers of sand and gravel. These
                  can be quite thick and cover broad areas of land.  They can serve as
                  important water resource areas (aquifers and aquifer recharge areas hold-
                  ing large quantities of groundwater). The water is soft and of good
                  quality.
                  Terminal moraines are unstratified, unsorted deposits of clay, silt, sand,
                  gravel, cobbles, and boulders, interspersed with some stratified deposits
                  of sand and gravel. They usually occur as long narrow ridges of-materials
                  (not always noticeable in,the topography of the land surface as eskers
                  are) that were dropped at the edge of the glacier as it stopped retreating
                  temporarily. When moraines are thick enough., they are a good source of
                  good water that is soft.                 1.
                  Till and bedrock, mapped together, represent the remainder of inorganic
                  geologic materials. Bedrock in this area is mostly igneo .us rocks (granites)
                  and metamorphic rocks (slate, shale, schist, quartzite, etc.). Bedrock
                  formations are dense and relatively impermeable to water. Water is held
                  and yielded through planes, fractures, and other breaks in the rock. The
                  water is often under pressure and may rise hi,gh in wells. It is usually
                  of good quality.
                  Till is an unsorted mixture of clay, silt, sand, gravel, and boulders.
                  It may resemble ice-contact deposits, except for the lack of stratification;
                  or it may be heavy in clay and boulders. It is a good source for water,
                  though wells dug in till may go dry in summer. The water is soft and of
                  good quality.

                  YIELD AND DEPTH OF BEDROCK WELLS

                  This map shows where particular wells of high yield are located, and also
                  where general high-yield areas are. The depth of these bedrock wells gives
                  an idea of how far down drillers must go to reach sufficient water supplies,
                  especially for industrial, commercial, or municipal purposes. An interesting
                  counterpart to this map would be one showing high-yield wells in non-
                  bedrock areas.

                 This map may not be entirely accurate in the boundaries and locations
                 of yields areas and wells, because information was transferred from a
                 map at 1:125,000 to this one, which is more than ten times larger. The
                 in-town area was highly congested with information. The information,
                 however, is generally correct and shows trends in well depth and capacity.

                 USES'OF THE LAND

                 Most of the people in Cherryfield are fully aware of the rights of
                 property owners, and the fact that these rights cannot be so unlimited
                 so as to impair or destroy the value of a neighbor's property by water
                 or air pollution, or other nuisance. The people in joining together
                 to form a town, elect Selectmen, and appoint a Planning Board have taken
                 another step toward assuring a bright future for their area. Sound
                 fiscal and physical improvement planning for the future will not only
                 protect the investments of the people, but will improve their tax base.
                 The many kinds of land uses in Cherryfield have been recorded on a series
                 of field maps showing not only general land uses, but also information on
                 points of interest -- boat launching areas, town parks, and historical
                 buildings. A summary of these maps is included in this report.
                 Cherryfield is currently sparsely populated and its rural character and
                 open space reflect this. It can be generally described as a rural resi-
                 dential community. The existing land use map illustrates this. '
                 As the town grows in the future it will be desirable to encourage expansion
                 from the present center of essential services such as water supply, sewage
                 disposal, retail services and community facilities. By so doing the Town
                 can do much to reduce future servicing costs and at the same time protect
                 the remaining rural open space and other natural resources. The alter-
                 native to this is widespread, scattered development and all the dis-
                 advantages of costly and extensive services or, as frequently occurs, no
                 services at all.
                 With the above as a basic concept for future,development, there are various
                 means by which it may be realized. This cannot occur overnight since the
                 residents do not have the means or the intention of attempting at once
                 to provide all the services which will be needed in the future. A simple
                 and basic means of encouraging the development of a village pattern, however,
                 is to adopt land use standards which would encourage all the uses to occur
                 in a central location and leave the balanceof the community for a variety
                 of uses, but in a less concentrated form. For example, the village area
                 might contain a group of stores, some local office space, recreation
                 facilities, churches, town offices, police station, fire station, and
                 village residences at a higher density than outlying areas. The outlying
                 areas in turn would contain residences on much larger parcels of land,
                 farms, recreation and conservation areas, and here and there an occasional
                 retail convenience outlet or service.
                 Such standards would also include requirements for potential industry.
                 While no specific locations are currently suggested for industry, such
                 standards would complement the soils data developed for the Town and make
                 both site selection and performance standards very easy should the need
                 arise. Adoption of the following Industrial Policy Statement is recommended.
                 The Town of Cherryfield is receptive to industrial development provided
                 that:

                     1. It is a stable, solid enterprise.

                      2.  It adapts itself to the community without disrupting it.
                      3.  It does not create uncontrollable air or water pollution or any
                          other nuisance.

                  Under these conditions, the Town encourages use of suitable areas for
                  industrial development. Industrial development, in this frame of reference,
                  includes the broad spectrum from production to research.
                  A further means of encouraging orderly growth is to identify future
                  commu nity needs and recommend ways of providing for them as required. In
                  this way, the community may foresee situations before they become problems
                  and then take the necessary steps.

                  HISTORIC BUILDINGS

                  The historic buildings of the town are interesting, not only in themselves,
                  but as a link with (and reminder of) the past. The better known of these
                  are:

                          First Baptist Church: Six individuals established the First
                          Baptist Church in 1796. The original building was erected
                          soon after but burned in 1903. The present structure was
                          built in 1905. During the time of rebuilding services were
                          held in Union Hall in the Cherryfield Academy.

                          First Congregational Church: The First Congregational Church
                          was organized in 1833 by Rev. Elijah Kellogg under the sponsor-
                          ship of the American Home M-issionary Society. In the 1850's
                          the Society built the present meeting house which remains today
                          little changed. In 1964 the church became affiliated with the
                          United Church of Christ and the Maine Sea Coast Missionary
                          Society.

                          The Adams House: The Adams House, a home of fine proportions.
                          This colonial house-was built in 1793 and is considered to be
                          the second oldest house in the town. It is now occupied by the
                          fourth generation of Adams family.

                          The Clarence A. and Gladys C. Tucker Home: It has been in 2 states,
                          2 counties, and 2 towns. Massachusetts included what is Maine
                          until it became a state. Lincoln County was divided to form
                          Hancock and Washington Counties, and before the town lines were
                          finally established the property was located in Steuben, thus
                          placing the property in Massachusetts, then Maine, Lincoln County,
                          then Washington County and the town of Steuben and then Cherryfield.
                          Not open to the public.

                          The Patten Building: Entered on the National Register of
                          Historic Places in 1979, this designation indicates that the
                          property is deemed worthy of presevation and protection as part
                          of the Nation's historic and architectural heritage.
                          The Patten Building was erected in 1865 by Frank W. Patten to be
                          used as a boot and shoe store and manufactory.    Over the years it
                          has served at one time or another as a meat market, a pool hall,
                          a photography shop and a barber shop.
                          The structure is an example of a rural store built in the
                          Itanlianate style.
                  The value of these buildings should be kept in mind and future developments
                  not allowed to detract from them.

                 HOUS I NG

                 The 1970 U.S. Census counted a total of 371 "Housing Units" in Cherryfield.
                 (A housing unit is a detached home or an apartment). Of these, 268 were
                 occupied and 103 vacant.
                 Two-hundred and sixty of the occupied units were year-round, and eight
                 seasonal.  Renters lived in 21 of the 260, 239 being owner occupied.
                 Only three structures with two or more units were identified. There were
                 13 mobile homes.
                 The Regional Planning Commission's 1975 survey counted 385 units -- an
                 increase of 14 or about three new homes a year. That agency's housing
                 element indicated that in the next few years 70 new homes may be built in
                 Cherryfield to accomodate new families formed within the town (the children
                 of residents growing up and moving out of their parents home) and newcomers
                 to the area. This is only as estimate, but is useful for planning purposes.
                 Most of these homes will be scattered throughout the town.. but there is
                 a real possibility of one or more subdivisions being submitted to the
                 Planning Board and a small number of homes being built for sale in the next
                 few years.
                 The Planning Board's role is to ensure that these subdivisions are designed
                 so as not to become a financial burden on the town.

                 PUBLIC UTILITIES

                 Electric Power: Is available, usually dependable, although relatively
                 expensive. Improved preventive maintenance by the Bangor Hydro-Electric
                 Power Company might enhance dependability although ice storms cannot be
                 controlled.
                 Telephone Service- At p ese      toll free calls can be made from Cherryfield
                 to Steuben, Milbr            o 171
                                            es ny Columbia, Columbia Falls, and Harrington.
                 Improvement of dependagility is desirable. -   '
                 Water: Residents are depending upon theirlown wells and springs nearly
                 entirely. This requires utmost care in the prevention of pollution that
                 could result in bacterial or toxic infection with resultant disability or
                 even death. It also requires that we designate areas where additional
                 public water supply of good quality could be'stored in future years by
                 daming up brooks and springs. It also requires that utmost care be taken,
                 not to pollute in any way our water resources. This can be done by not
                 installing inadequate sewage disposal systems and by referring to the Town's
                 soils suitability maps before installing any system whatsoever. The mini-
                 mum standards for the installation of septic disposal systems established
                 by the State of Maine should be observed. All lots with no public water
                 supply or public sewage disposal systems must now meet the State minimum
                 of 20,000 square feet or, approximately.L-4&win size. A limited popu-
                 lation of Cherryfield (4%) is served by'the West Side Aqueduct Company,
                 which supplies from a large well.
                 Sewage and Waste Disposal: There are only individual disposal units.
                 At this time, we are not aware, at least, of any single major problem.
                 Although the concentration of housing in the village area contributes to
                 the Class SC rating of water quality in the Lower Narraguagus River. It
                 is conceivable that in the future sewage pipes and a treatment plant may

                  be needed. Designation for a sewage treatment plant now would be an
                  important first step and eliminate uncertainty that might slow develop-
                  ment. A location in the vivinity of the proposed village development area
                  would be logical since this would eventually be an area of concentrated
                  service from which further expansion might later occur.

                  COMMUNITY FACILITIES AND SERVICES

                  Municipal Government:    While the administrative facilities of the Town
                  at present appear to be adequate, provision should be made to designate
                  a location where a municipal building might best serve its residents. If
                  and when the time comes that Cherryfield must have full time municipal
                  officers, a treasurer's office, a police department, and others, a
                  building could be constructed without disturbing anyone else and perhaps
                  without having to pay an exorbitant price. The same applies to housing
                  of town owned vehicles (public works) in future years. Again, a site
                  within the village area appears to be a logical and central location most
                  convenient to the residents of the Town.
                  Fire Protection: Fire protection is hampered by lack of a public water
                  supply system, dependance on ponds and brooks for our pumper, and tank
                  truckof limited capacity. Improvements can be achieved by strengthening
                  regional assistance between the neighboring communities or pooling regional
                  resources in strategic locations. Long range planning should include
                  provisions for a Town water system with adequate numbers of hydrants.
                  This will prove very costly because of the size of the community and dis-
                  persal of properties. This fact adds to the desirability of.a relatively
                  compact village area which could be economically served by a public system
                  which in turn could be later extended into the outlying areas as the need
                  arose.
                  Law Enforcement: Currently, State Police, County Sheriff's Department,
                  and Town Constable compleffient protective services.   For the time being,
                  this seems adequate for most occasions. If for any reason an increase in
                  police coverage becomes necessary in the future, an    increase in deputized
                  sheriffs on a part-time or project basis ks favored    over a full-time police
                  force. The Town should plan on setting aside funds     for two-way radio
                  transmitters in certain locations as the need for quick communications
                  might become apparent.
                  Health Services: Cherryfield does not have'a resident physician in
                  General Practice. Such services are available in Milbridge, Harrington,
                  Ellsworth and Machias. Ambulance Service is available to Cherryfield
                  residents through the Cherryfield Ambulance Corp.
                  The closest Hospital Facilities are in Ellsworth and Machias. Cherryfield
                  residents also utilize the hospital in Bar Harbor. More complete medical
                  services are at Eastern Maine Medical in Bangor.
                  EducationalOpportunities: Cherryfield is a member of School Administrative
                  District #37. Elementary education is at the Cherryfield Elementaty School
                  for Grades 1-8, and high school education is provided at Narraguagus High
                  School in Harrington.
                  Adult evening education and college credit courses are available in nearby
                  towns and cities within commuting distance. This is also true in respect
                  to college education at the University of Maine, Machias and the schools
                  in Bangor and Orono.

                                                                                                      IP

                  The need for a day care center for pre-school children and another nursery
                  school should be examined and kept current in the years to come, as such
                  facilities may make a definite difference for many young people when con-
                  sidering living in Cherryfield.

                  HIGHWAYS, ROADS-, TRANSPORTATION
                  Access to Cherryfield is provided by U.S. Route I and State Routes 182 and
                  193.
                  The Town should consider adding sidewalks to certain existing roads to
                  make pedestrian walking and bike-riding safe.
                  Attention should be given to the repair and particularly to the reconstru-
                  ction of existing bridges.
                  Street lights and signs should be financed similar to the way in which the
                  Town gradually improves roads. Lights tend to deter crime and add to
                  traffic safety.
                  Width of roads, highways, and intersections should be sufficient to facili-
                  tate plowing and snow removal in the winter and to allow safe parking in
                  appropriate locations. Acceptable standards of width are:
                         Local roads: 50 feet
                         Collector roads: 60 feet
                         Arterial highways: 80 to 100 feet
                  The Town should establish strict acceptance standards for new streets and
                  regulations for subdivision of land and its use.
                  Public transportation within the Town is presently non-existent. Greyhound's
                  Boston - St. Stephen route schedules four stops daily in nearby Milbridge
                  and Harrington. The buses run through Cherryfield both ways. The Washington-
                  Hancock Community Action Agency provides some service to special groups
                  (elderly and handicapped). Scheduled air service is available at Bar Harbor
                  and Bangor.
                  The residents of Cherryfield are basically.dependent upon private auto-
                  mobiles for transportation. Those without cars must rely primarily upon
                  friends and neighbors.
                  The Maine Central Railroad maintains track through Cherryfield for freight
                  transport. This railroad carries lumber, w6od products and other cargo
                  to and from Washington County. A rail yard is based on a spur on the
                  eastern edge of town.
                  West's Transportation of Milbridge is currently considering establishing
                  a rural bus service to Ellsworth from Cherryfield, Milbridge, Steuben,
                  Gouldsboro, Winter Harbor, Sullivan and Hancock. This service could be
                  of great value to the people of the Town. Mr. West should be encouraged
                  in his efforts to start it.

                  RECREATION

                  Recreation facilities presently are limited to hiking, fishing, hunting,
                  horseback riding, and, more recently, snowmobiling. Facilities includet
                  Indoor recreation: Limited to the second floor of the Town Office Building
                  (the former Cherryfield Academy.)

                  Narraguagus Park: 5 picnic tables/3 shelters
                  Narraguagus River: canoeing/fishi'ng (salmon)
                  Weald Bethel: religious retreat open to public/picnic tables/nature trail
                  Blueberry Factories: blueberries are processed and packaged/tours are
                                        given upon request
                  Black' Woods Road: (Route 182) scenic highway leading to Ellsworth, passes
                                     through wooded area with many lakes
                  Cherryfield Hill Rest Area: 4 picnic tables/3 fireplaces/2 shelters/toilet
                  Overnight Facilities:

                  Tennis Courts:

                  The Selectmen are considering the creation of a Recreation Board. Such
                  a board would be an official body of the town responsible for general
                  leisure development in the community. It would be composed of appointed
                  or elected citizens who are particularly interested in stimulating interest
                  and development of recreation opportunities for the citizens of Cherryfield.
                  Its function would be:
                  -To provide information to the citizens of the municipality concerning the
                  functions of the Board and the leisure opportunities available.
                  -To assist in the development of leisure goals and objectives for the
                  municipality.
                  -To serve as an individual municipal resource for leisure development.
                  To serve as a vital resource to other municipal bodies.

                  -
                  To provide citizen participation in the process of extending leisure
                  development and improving existing services.
                  -To assist.in the planning and development of leisure facilities and pro-
                  grams.
                  -To report to the municipal officers of th@6 progress and requirements of
                  the Board.
                  There are two options open to a town wishing to legally establish a Board.
                  1) The Town may develop an article for thewarrant as follows: "To see
                  if the Town WiZZ vote to estabZish a Recreation Board - the members to
                  serve 3-year staggered terms and to be appointed by the municipaZ officers.
                  The duties of the Board to be determined by the ZegisZative body."
                  2) An alternative approach would be to draw up an Ordinance outlining the
                  structure, powers and duties of the Recreation Board and have the 'Town
                  vote on the following article: "ShaZZ an Ordinance entitZed 'CherryfieZd
                  Recreation Ordinance be enacted?'
                  A cross representation of the community is a desirable membership ingredient.
                  Youth, adults and special interest people are all helpful.  Most important
                  is the desire to become involved and accept responsibility.
                  When formed, the Board should, among other things, make a study of Town
                  lands to determine if any are appropriate for future development for
                  recreation use. Particular attention should be given to lands along the
                  river.

                   CARRYING OUT THE PLAN

                   Having a planning policy and carrying it out are two different things.
                   The planning policy is advisory only and may be readily changed as the
                   circumstances dictate.   Carrying out any policy, however, requires pri-
                   vate actions and support and public action
                   public action includes a number of steps which most towns take over a
                   period of years. Sensible budgeting to provide for needs in order of
                   priority is one of the best ways of providing needed services. This
                   should be accomplished as a joint effort of the Selectmen, the Budget
                   Committee and the Planning Board -- and, good public relations prior to
                   Town meeting.
                   Cherryfield has a building ordinance to ensure that buildings are properly
                   and saftly constructed. This is the best way of preventing substandard
                   shacks and other structures.
                   Other steps involve the adoption of standards to make sure that the growth
                   of the Town does not harm the health, welfare, or safety of Cherryfield's
                   residents.  It is strongly recommended that the Town consider the develop-
                   ment of standards for the  following:
                   Land Use                   to encourage the development of a central
                                              village area and ensure that all future uses
                                              develop harmoniously with the environment and
                                              each other.
                   Subdivision                to ensure that land is subdivided in a practical
                                              and logical way in order to protect the interests
                                              of potential buyers and eliminate unnecessary
                                              maintenance problems for the Town in the future.
                                              This should include mobile home park areas.
                   Housing                    to ensure that everybody lives in a decent,
                                              safe and sanitary dwelling. This also usually
                                              deals with items s *uch as plumbing and wiring.
                                              Such standards are 'in everybody's interest.
                                              It is usually a;r'eas where no such minimum stan-
                                              dards exist that slums develop and where the
                                              greatest community costs for health, welfare
                                              and fire protection occur.
                   Recreation                 to ensure that the community provides for the
                                              recreational needs of its inhabitants. This can
                                              best be done by acquiring recreational easements,
                                              by purchasing land with assistance from the
                                              State and Federal Government as part of the
                                              Open Space Program, and by making the best pos-
                                              sible use of existing facilities, especially
                                              school plant.
                   Conservation               to ensure that wildlife and our precious natural
                                              resources are protected from thoughtless develop-
                                              ment or needless abuse.
                   Air and Water              to ensure that the environment we depend upon
                   Pollution                  for life does not become an instrument of disease
                                              and possible death because of our own thoughtless
                                              contaminations.

                                           M MWDIMMIE NWECOWNESPOCHMM M
              CHERRYFIELD                                         Pop-_1030                                      Date__ August 1@, 192,R

       Code or
       Ordinance     Does      Is the       Is It     Is the        Is Im-     Is the     Is Im-        Comments or Suggested Improvements
                     the       code       enforced     permit     provement enforcing provement
                     Town     effective      7        process       In the     agent      In en-
                    l
                     have                            adequately    code      effective forcement
                     one ?                           exercised 7  needed         ?       needed ?

       Building                                                                                      Town has no fine system for
       Perr.it        Yes        Yes           Yes         Yes        No       Partly     Pattly     violations. Permit system
       Ordinance                                                                                     maintained to keep track of
                                                                                                     growth trends.

       Subdtvislon                                                                                   Town would like to set up Its
       Review         State      Yes           Yes      Partly        Yes         Yes       No       own guidelines for subdivisions.
       Process                                                                                       Only 2 In town now. Feels present
                                                                                                     review process not adequate.

       Shoreland                                                                                     No problems In town.
       Zoning         Yes        Yes          Yes                     No          Yes       No
       Ordinance

                                                                                                     Code effective In new construction
       state                                                                                         No CEO In town; no provision In law
       Plumbing       State      Yes        Partly         Yes        Yes      Partly       Yes      for enforcement to handle violations.
       Code

                                                                                                     Town questions enforcing Individuals
       Solid                                                                                         to use town dump Instead of their
       Waste          Yes        Yes          Yes                     No          Yes       No       back-yard dumps. Town asks how'to
       Maragerent                                                                                    enforce this.

                                                                                                     No salt water coastline carrying
                                                                                                     significant amounts of shellfish.
                      No
                                                                                                     Some tidal river influence.

                  Al I of the above can be achieved by our wi I I ingness to protect and pre-
                  serve what we now have or what we may have in the foreseeable future.
                  More important is the belief that we should hand on to the generations
                  which follow the best conditions we can create with our limited means.
                  In this way, perhaps, they will not have to wrestle with the problems
                  facing many communities today.
                  In addition to local regulations, there are many state controls over
                  development. These are summarized on the following pages.

                                                                                                 17

                                           ,SITUATJOIJ                                CONTACT
           LAW

       ite.Location     Development  of a land or water area in excess of         Bureau of Land Quality
        Law             20 acres; gravel  areas over 5 acres If not reg-          Control, Dept. of
                        ulated by Dept. of Transportation; developments           Environmental Protection,
                        with air emissions; developments Involving re-            Augusta, 289-2111
                        shaping of the earth's surface in excess of 60,000
                        sq. ft. (1-5 acres); and certain subdivisions.
                                                                                  or F1afflV1J'V1i E@CaAd. Or-
    tinimum Lot         Building a single family dwelling with conventional       Bureau o Land Quality
      Size Law          underground sewage disposal on a lot less than            Control, Dept. of
                        20,000 sq. ft. (I acre). The lot must have at             Environmental Protection,
                        least 100 ft. of frontage if it borders on any            Augusta, 289-2111
                        body of water. (Lots served by a municipal sewer
                        system are exempt from this law.)

       ubdivision       Subdividing a parcel of land Into 3 or more lots          Council, Board of
        Law             within any 5-year period (except lots given to            Selectmen, or Planning
                        relatives, transferred to abutting owner(s), or           Board of that munici-
                        where one lot is kept by landowner.)                      pality.
                        Also prohibited is the sale of development of lot(s)
                        of a subdivision not approved by the municipality.

       reat Ponds       Construction of causeways, bridges, marinas,*             Bureau of Land Quality
        Act             wharves, other permanent structures, beach con-           Control, Dept. of
                        struction, filling, and/or dredging, in or on land        Environmental Protection,
                        adjacent to a great.pond,, Including Inland wetlands.     Augusta, 289-2111. Or
                                                                                  any local Fish and Wild-
                                                                                  life warden or other law
                                                                                  enforcement officers.

      Rivers and        Construction in, alterations to, or obstructions of       Army Corps of Engineers,
        rbors Act       navigable waters of the U.S, below the mean high          424 Trapelo Rd.,
      la                water mark.                                               Waltham, MA    02154
      t
        oreland         Alteration or construction on shorelands of               Municipal Officers of the
       oning Act        organized towns within 250 ft. of the mean high           town In which offense
                        water mark, fresh or salt.                                occurs; or State Planning
                                                                                  Office, W-Ugusta, 289-3261

                        NOTE: Alteration or construction on shorelands            Land Use Regulation
                                or any other lands within the unorganized         Commission, Augusta, ME
                                townships.                                        289-2631

        astal           Construction in or biteration of a coastal wetland,       Bureau of Land Quality
      Lands Act         which includes all tidal and sub-tidal lands sub-         Control, Dept. of
                        ject to tidal action or normal storm flowage.             Environmental Protection,
                        Alteration Includes dredging, filling. and draining.      Augusta, 289-2111. Or
                                                                                  local Dept. of Marine
                                                                                  Resources Coastal Warden.

                                               S I T-UAT 1, Q;N
             LAW                                                                              CONTACT

        Conversion of      Converting a seasonal dwelling to a permanent              Local Plumbing Inspector,
        Seasonal           dwelling intended for year-round use, without up-          or the municipal authori-
        D,wellings in      dating the sewage disposal'system, providing It to         ties. Or Dept. of Human
        Shoreland          be sufficient, or tying into a public collection           Services, Bureau of Healt'
        Areas Law          system.                                                    Engineering, Augusta,
                                                                                      289-3826.

        Alteration of      Dredging, filling, or building permanent structures        Dept. of Inland Fisheries
        Itivers,           in, on, or over any river, stream, or brook above          and Wildlife, Augusta,
        Streams, and       head of tide, or on the land adjacent to such              289-2766. Or any local
        Brooks Act         waters.                                                    Fish    Game Warden.

        Dam Building       Construction of dam or other obstruction of any            Dept. of Inland Fisheries
          Law              river, stream, or brook.                                   and Wildlife, Augusta,
                                                                                      289-2766. Or any loc;1
                                                                                      Fish & Game Warden.

        Open Burning       Open burning of any kind. Even with a permit,              Local forest ranger,
                           burning is prohibited during periods of dangerous          town fire wardens.
                           weather conditions, within 25 ft. of a public way,
                           without sufficient supervision, or without regard
                           to Maine Forestry Dept. or local fire regulations.

        Dumping or         Depositing or discharging, directly or Indirectly,         Bureau of Land Quality
        Discharging        any wastes or refuse into Inland or tidal waters,          Control, Dept. of
                           onto the ice, or aLn the banks such that such              Environmental Protection,
                           refuse may fall, wash, or 11each Into the waters.          Augusta, 289-2111.

        Oil Spills                                                                    To'll Free Oil Spills
                                                                                      Only, 1-800-482-0777.
        Solid Waste        Depositing or dumping refuse or trash within 300           Bureau of Land Quality
        Management Act     feet of any body of water.                                 Control, Dept. of
                                                                                      Environmental Protection,
                                                                                      Augusta, 289-2111

                 POPULATION

                 Washington County and Cherryfield reached their peak populations in 1900
                 when the U.S.Census reported that 45,232 persons lived in the County.
                 Rapid advances in transportation systems, though slow in this county, began
                 to affect the economy everywhere. Railroad systems across the country made
                 goods as available or more so than shipping by water. By the 1920's land
                 travel had improved to such a degree that many prosperous towns along the
                 coast, strategically located for trade advantages when travel was predom-
                 inantly by sea, were bypassed. As this century progressed, inland road-
                 ways have become more and more the major trucking route for shipment of
                 goods. Those roads that lead to towns on the sea are basically dead ends.
                 Towns originally separated by only a few minutes' travel by water are now
                 fifty or a hundred miles apart by land. The local economy began to
                 falter in these isolated places and the young people moved away to find
                 fresh opportunities elswhere.' Vessels in formerly bustling harbors lay
                 idle at their moorings.
                 Another cause for the faltering economy was the development of substitute
                 products, such as concrete in p,lace of granite, and metal ships, requiring
                 less maintenance, in place of wooden ones. As they began to move onto the
                 market, these products disrupted the economy in areas that provided
                 natural products.
                 World War 1 precipitated rapid advances in technology and drew young people
                 of Maine to the cities seeking an exciting life and job. The entire nation
                 swung into the irresponsible 1920's. In 1920 the census reported only
                 41,800 residents in Washington County; in 1930, only 37,800. Then the
                 depression of the thirties set in and the headcount steadied for a decade.
                 Perhaps news of poverty in the cities discouraged those who might otherwise
                 have left their homes.
                 The decline picked up again in the forties with the Second World War. The
                 entire nation, not just Maine and Washington County, experienced the
                 migration of promising young generations moving from rural areas to-the
                 cities. Right up until 1970, residents of this county kept moving to urban
                 areas, where they felt the opportunities were better.  Though the state
                 showed an increase in population in the sixties, this county continued to
                 lose. Gloomy predictions, forecasting a continued decline for the county,
                 followed the 1970 census of only 29,859 persons, the lowest it's been
                 since the 1840's. It seemed that there was nothing to attract people to
                 this county that other areas didn't have.
                 By 1973, however, those gloomy predictions had been proven false. Though
                 only an estimate, the figure for the 1978 population reached 34,000 showing
                 growth in the county for the first time since the turn of the century.
                 This figure was no fluke: population in Washington County since 1970
                 has increased at an average of 500 -600 persons per year.  During the same
                 period, Cherryfield grew from 771 to 980.
                 No obvious major economic advancements have taken place here in the last
                 seven years; what is it about Washington County that is suddenly attrac-
                 tive? What kinds of people are moving here?
                 A pattern had begun in the mid-sixties along the southern and mid-coast
                 areas; by the beginning of this decade it had reached this county.   Cries
                 for environmental action, loudest in the centers of ecological conflict,
                 the urban centers, brought a new awareness to our people whose nation had

                                                                                                 -Z 0

                                                                                                          7

                 been partly founded on a belief that all growth is good.   To an extent
                 this was true, but these centers of conflict showed where we had over-
                 stepped our limits. Spurred by a rash of books on natural systems and
                 envirnonmental abuse and by the deterioration of urban and suburban life,
                 people began moving from the cities to less heavily developed areas,
                 first to the well-known areas of the coast, and later inland to the rolling
                 farmlands and eastward to include this county.
                 The migration is still underway. Though the outflow of Maine residents
                 is still great, the inflow is large enough to show a net increase in
                 population. "Back-to-the-earth hippies'' receive perhaps more than their
                 share of attention, for the majority of immigrants are young and middle-
                 aged men and women, some married, some with children, according to a
                 report by Louis A. Ploch of the Unive,rsity of Maine, called "Maine's New
                 Pattern of In-Migration". This large survey in 1976 found that many    live
                 on farmland, but do not farm professionally. The majority of immigrants
                 in any one working category are so-called white-collar workers. These
                 include engineers, nurses, physicians, teachers, lab technicians, members
                 of the clergy, artist and artisans, government workers, and other occu-
                 pations of this type. The jobs require a relatively high level of educa-
                 tion. These young, energetic, working-age people may provide new initia-
                 tive and motivation to municipalities. The emigrants appear to be educated
                 young people, leaving low-skilled workers in the area. The new immigrants,
                 half of whom have completed four years of college, may maintain or improve
                 the quality of the labor force (Ploch, 1976).
                 "Quality of life" seems to be a major motivation for the move to Maine
                 (and subsequently Washington County), according to this survey conducted
                 by the University of Maine at Orono in 1976. Not only the physical
                 deterioration of urban and suburban areas drives people away from them,
                 but also the occupational and social pressures repel them. An abundance
                 of museums, libraries, theater, and other services may provide a cultural
                 atmosphere not always present in rural Maine, but these are not always
                 enough to balance against what is known as the "rat-race" - the 9-to-5
                 time punch, the apathy among employees for work that offers no challenge,
                 no room for initiative or imagination, the;"keeping-up-with-the Jonses"
                 expected of urban and suburban dwellers. Though we like to joke about these
                 things, they present serious physical and mental health problems for
                 people in these areas. They are willing to give up higher paying jobs to
                 move to Maine, to Washington County, to get something better -- fresh, clean
                 water and air, open space, beauty, a more relaxed or more challenging
                 lifestyle, or something they haven't yet defined to themselves.
                 (Prohibitively high land prices and taxes in more rapidly growing areas
                 surely have been an incentive to move here as well. Land has been consis-
                 tently low-priced compared to other parts of Maine and New England, making
                 lots available to young families who might not otherwise be able to afford
                 to buy.)
                 Small towns are particularly popular with these immigrants. Over two-
                 thirds of them originally came from counties of over 200,000 in population.
                 Most immigrants from Maine are from the northeastern region of the United
                 States, especially New England (Ploch, 1976).
                 Though many immigrants are older persons, returning to their native state
                 or retiring after years of visiting, the majority falls between the ages
                 of 24 - 64 years of age, with 51% under 35 years of age. (Ploch, 1976).

                  This may seem contradictory to conditions in Washington County, which has
                  a high ratio of retired persons (over 65) to county population.
                  It appears, however, that many of the wealthier counties are increasing
                  in percent of retired persons to overall population, while the poorer
                  counties are beginning to decrease in percent of retired population.
                  This can be explained in a number of ways. The "richer" south and mid-
                  coastal counties have a greater attraction to retirees: these are the
                  traditional vacation-resort areas. They have well-developed municipal and
                  health care services and, though essentially rural, are close to popula-
                  tion centers.  The "poorer" northern and eastern counties (including
                  Washington County), extremely rural and distant from service centers or
                  having little commercial and industrial development, fail to attract
                  larger numbers of retirees that "richer" areas do.
                  The high "over 65" population in these "poorer" areas represents natives
                  who never left, who were living in these areas during the great migrations
                  of young people to urban areas. (Aroostook County, the only county still
                  experiencing population decreases, reflects this theory:    its "over 6511
                  ratio is still growing because it is still losing population, its young
                  people, while other counties whose "over 65" ratios are growing are
                  experiencing population increases). Thus it may be safe to say that
                  Washington County is attracting a larger proportion of young immigrants
                  to old immigrants than some other areas of the state. This is supported
                  by the fact that, though in 1970, the "over 65" percent was at 14.9, by
                  1975 it shrank to 14.5. The state increased from 11.6 to 11.8 percent
                  over that five-year period, according to the Maine Bureau of Vital
                  Statistics, Department of Human Services.
                  So while it is at present not possible to get accurate statistics on just
                  who is moving to Washington County, the available population breakdown
                  by age and the statewide trend would indicate an increasing population of
                  young to middle-aged persons.

               -yooo

               .3@00:                                      ..............

               1400

           AN
                 'o 4
                            10
                                                          117

                                                                                                   .23

           PREPARED iY   THE STATE PLANNING OFFICE                                                                               TECHNICAL SERVICES DIVISION
                                                                          COMMUNITY PROFILE
                       OL"OGkAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS                                 OF                                                         OATES it/ Z/F?
                                                                          CHE4RYFIELO
                                           TABLE 1                        WASmINGTON COUNTY                        TABLE 2

           ------------------------   PCPUL37ION BY AGE  -----------------------           ------------------ POPULATICN DENSITY   ------------------

                        YEAR     0-4    5-L7    18-44    45-64       65+      TOTAL                     ACREAGE    SO MILE    PERSONS PER SQ MILES
                                                                                                         1000 S    1             1970    1975 CHANGE
                        -----------------------------------------------------                         --------------------------------------------
           TOWN         1970        51      174      204     191       151       ?71       TOWN             2q.3       45.8      L6.8    L7.7      5.41%
                        1975        109     179      Z41     185       155       309
           X OF  TCTAL  1975     b.IX   22-IZ     29.8%   22.9%     19.2Z     100.0%

           COUNTY       1970     2232     7045    8630      6344     4260     28438        COUNTY         1074.5     1678.9      16.9    18.8     11.2Z
                        1975     2491     7649    10557     6118     4546     31552
           Z OF TOTAL   1975     ?.9z   24.21     33.5%   19.##X    14.4%     100-OX

           STATE        19yo     84175  257777   32F279  203123    114002     9137671      STATE        11337-9     t7715.5      55.6    59.4      6.5%
                        1975     8L530  260424   381857  203382    124446   1051902
           % OF TOTAL   1975     7.dZ   24.8%     36.3Z   ig.3%     ll.ax     100.0%

                                                             TAeLE  3

           -----------------------------    ELEMENTS OF POPULATION CHANGE 19?0     - 1975  -----------------------------

                            ----------------- TOTALS ------------------       ------------ ANNUAL AVERAGES  -------------

                               POP                        NATURL     NET        POP                         NATURL    NET
                            CHANGE    BIRTHS     DEATHS   INCRS     HIGRT     CHANGE    BIRTHS    DEATHS    INCRS     MIGRT
                            -----------------------------------------         ----------------------------------------
           TOWN                 38         57        83      -26        64         a         It        17      -5        13

           COUNTY             3114      2845      2455       390     2724         623      569        0691     78       50#5

           STATE            b4231       97748     64599   33149     31082      12546     19550      12920     bb38     621b

           St;UR-,Et U.S. 8UFfAU OF THE CENSUS    AND 14AINE DEPT. OF HUAAN SERVICES

                                                     MUNICIPAL POPULATION PROJECTIONS
                                                                           11/16/78

                                 C Ef, SUS      ------------------        Spo PROJ6CTIONS       -------------------              PCT CHG
             REGION                  1970         1978          1979          1980         1981         1982          1983         70-83
              --------------------------------------                      ------------------------------------------                    p-
             CHERRYFIELD              771          980          1000          1020         1040         1070          1090         41.4$

                                                                                                                                                                          iCW                     -0 VBi 0
                               RY T                                                                                                                                           WICAL@ @EPVICCS         I
                           6 , - -w
                  pRrP      1)                                                                                                                                            T
                                                                                                   C 0. 11 HUNI j-T--_e p 9 F I L E
                                     S
                                       C AL-614      --@f                                                                                                                                 DATES       3/ 2174
                                      0           AVA    CRISij@s-
                                                                                                   CNERRYFIELO
                                                                                                 ---WA-@HINGiONCOUNTY

                                                                                          TABLE.

                                                                                       SCHOOL ENROLLMENTS        - - ----- - -------------------------------

                                         TOTAL ENROLL14ENTS                            ELEMENIARY ENROLILMENTI---------.-$ECONDARY                     ENROLLMENTS
                                   .0d.      -4-       jqTO - 1975                                       L9rO      1975                                    113ra - t9r5
                                                1, @-d MANGE     PERCENT-__1970                1975    C14ANGE      PERCENT           1970      1975    CRkNGC-iPkRCENT
                                ------------- ----------------                     ---- -------------------------                  ------------------------------
                  TOWN               ly?.
                                                                                                                             --A9---- -65                     ir        .14

                  COUNTY           T93%                                                                                                                                 6.sx
                                                                                    5. 0 9     A 9-0 5-- -.7                          IS ?-L.-  -2 145       168

                                                         544%         293%         174626    V3tT3--j@51             -8 819-        6481
                                      670' -OF
                  SOU9CEI     MAINE       To       -E0UGkTjQ-N--------

                                                             OF -MAJOft SOCIAL ASSISTANCE PROG04"

                                   FOOD                                                           GENEVAL-ASSISTA
                                  FY  1   6          j-jy-7f_                      FY 19T6
                                                                     C A SES       PEOPLE-U!PE@RSES                   CASES       PEOPLE
                                                                                                                                              J@XFP
                                                                    - -------------                               -- - - -- - --------- -------
                  TOWN               -173                                                                                  5             4           11116

                  CCUNTN             4625         --3449----                   ---3L.64-----1"1.88-_U23                              Hiz          trz 1-69
                                                                     74 76         '46686                             0#6695      1211rF9        %3532915
                  STATE            744RI.-        6 q4l               5                     --j3q4l-@9q

                  SCURCEI MAINE OrPT.         OF MUnAN     S

                                        12/23/77                                         Pi%C)JL(;Ii:.L) NuMl-,ER OF bUUSEHULDS 1N

                                                                             1970           1975           1977            1980            1982            Cl-ANGE
                                           r. in ;1                          2 c'-, 0          -4 0         370              4 10            4 @ 0              4
     lbi                                  a w w a w 0 a  a a 0 a k 0 0 a a a 0 1* aa     a jr ff w N w w a. . . . . . . . . . .                a a a.k 0 d   A At of ik

                   ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

                   Population growth is all well and good, but for it to be sustained, the
                   number of jobs must increase proportionally. Since 1970, the     county's
                   population has increased by about 550 persons per year. Even     eliminating
                   those who are not of working age -- children or retirees -- a    great number
                   of eligible workers are entering the labor force each year in    Washington
                   County, a county with consistently high unemployment rates.
                   High unemployment is usually indicative of low average income    levels,
                   and Washington County is no exception. Two graphs at the end     of this chapter,
                   illustrating per capita income levels and household buying income, show
                   how Washington County compares to other counties, to the state as a whole,
                   and to the nation. The low average income (per capita and per household)
                   and its average of increase is surprisingly far behind other Maine counties
                   and the nation, and is falling further behind all the time.

                   ECONOMY
                   Until the 20th Century, Washin,gt@n County experienced a population
                   growth typical of the nation. An abundance of natural resources and a
                   great demand for the product's of these resources encouraged settlement and
                   growth in the area before the American Revolution.
                   The natural resources of the area, attractive to settlers, contributed
                   highly to growth and prosperity. Deep, protected harbors, lumber available
                   for homes and shipbuilding, and a wealth of fish species guaranteed a
                   living from the sea. Towns were built where access to deep water and to
                   the ocean were readily available, for the seas were the highways. With
                   only a little more than two hundred miles of water, about two or three days'
                   sailing, between the area (known as the Machias District) and Boston,
                   and not much farther to New York and other major cities, a coasting schooner
                   crew could make a handsome profit transporting goods to and from these
                   familiar ports. The elegance of the historical houses throughout the region
                   attests to the prosperity of those times.
                   Lumber is perhaps the most well-known of the products of Maine. Older
                   cities and settlements to the west and south had exhausted their supplies
                   of native wood and needed to import lumber to continue growth. "long
                   lumber" (to be cut into necessary dimensions after shipment), planks, and
                   boards constituted the major bulk of the cargo. "Short lumber" included
                   clapboards, laths, fence posts, and shingle bolts. Timber for boatbuilding
                     hardwoods, juniper, and hackmatack for knees, and masts and spars of
                   softwoods -- composed another large segment of the shipment. Hemlock bark
                   for tanning, shingles, box shooks for containers, hoops, barrel staves,
                   and ties and posts for the railroads made up the rest of the load. The
                   West Indies made good customers for they were starved constantly for wood
                   products. Though Bangor was most famous as a lumber town, Calais, Machias,
                   Cherryfield, and other towns along the eastern coast held their own in
                   production (Rowe, 1948).
                   Besides the lumber business, granite and building stone brought income to
                   the people of Washington County. Jonesport was well-known in the Machias
                   District for its high-quality granite, as well as Beals, Calais, Addison,
                   Bucks Harbor, and other towns. Granite blocks were used in the cities for
                   foundations, pillars, and steps of public buildings. Cobblestones from
                   rough beaches paved the city street. In the late 1800's the state enjoyed
                   a brief mining boom. Lubec and Petit Manan contibuted silver; Cherryfield,

                                                                                                     96

                   sl lver and gold; and Trescott, several different minierals (Maine
                   Bicentennial Atlas, 1976).
                   Fishing, the initial attraction of the coast, has continued to be a primary
                   industry in most coastal towns. Though never booming the way lumber and
                   shipbuilding did, the fishing industry has remained perhaps the most
                   consistent source of income, in spite of its economic flucuations. Cod.
                   haddock, menhadden, porgy, herring, and other fish species supplied oils
                   and salt fish not only to the coastal communities of the young nation,
                   but also to other countries whose own fisheries were overworked.       Clams,
                   other shellfish, and herring are still packed in a variety of sauces
                   throughout the county, but not to the extent that they were in the past.
                   Sheer size of numbers in the statistics given for production of these
                   various industries should give an idea of the healthy population of 19th
                   Century Washington County. Nearly two thousand ships were registered in
                   the Machias District in the boom of the 1800's. Harrington alone had
                   eighteen master shipbuilders. Calais boasted 36 sawmills and 272 vessels
                   shipping lumber. Its population doubled between 1810 and 1820, then
                   guadrupled during the next ten years. In 1860 this town shipped out
                   over 85 million feet of long lumber. In two w;eks' time in 1857, Machias
                   shipped out nearly two mill,ion feet of lumber (Rowe, 1948).
                   The advent of the railroad hurt neither the shipping nor the lumber
                   industries in this county. These businesses took advantage of the rail-
                   road to draw lumber out of the deep woods down to the docks for loading.
                   Two short lines were built in Washington County.     One built in 1863 drew
                   lumber from Whitneyville to Machias. The other, Between Calais and
                   Milltown, was built in 1839, extended to Baring in 1851, then shortly
                   thereafter it was further extended to serve Princeton.      Railroad ties,
                   posts, and other goods were shipped out for use by budding rail companies
                   in other parts of the country.    Except for the line that ran through
                   Vanceboro from Mattawamkeag, Maine Central Railroad did not expand its lines
                   into Washington County until early in the 20th Century (Rowe, 1948;
                    aine Bicentennial Atlas, 1976.)
                   WMhat are the reasons for this poverty?
                   Lack of industry is one answer. Washington County has experienced little
                   industrial growth. What growth we've had has been on the small commercial
                   scale -- new stores, motels, shops, and offices. Some government jobs
                   have opened up, and other jobs have opened in the non-manufacturing field.
                   This blue-collar-worker-county with jobs primarily in the manufacturing
                   field is slowly converting into a more non-manufacturing county. In 1970,
                   about 38% of all jobs were in manufacturing; in 1975, only about 31% were
                   in manufacturing. Other than the paper mill in Woodland, we have no
                   industrial centers. With the exception of Calais (pop. 4400), all of our
                   towns are under 4000 in population, and all but seven are under 1000.
                   Industry needs population to support it; population needs industry to
                   support it.   In spite of the surprising growth rate over the last seven
                   years, Washington County's population at present isn't big enough to support
                   a large industrial complex.
                   Most economic activity here is related to natural resource-based industries.
                   Few of the resources have been developed beyond their primary state where
                   they are made into final products ready for use by the consumer.      "Va I ue-
                   added" industries bring in people and income. Exporting raw resources is
                   a common practice here, bringing more money to outsiders than to county

                   residents. A piece of furniture made in Washington County, however, brings
                   money not only to the person who cut the tree, but also the the person who
                   milled the wood and to the person who made the furniture. In addition,
                   higher skilled labor usually means that a worker is employed year-round.
                   Sustained population depends primarily upon increased economic activity.
                   Economic growth to date has revolved around the use of our natural resources.
                   More' extensive development of the following resources would insure economic
                   stability that would support a growing population.
                   Forestry has always been the major industry in Washington County. Forests
                   cover 92% of Washington County's land area. Pulp and paper and lumber
                   products are the major industrial use of our woodlands.   Some value-added
                   industries such as printing, furniture manufacturing, and prefabricated
                   housing could provide added income to Washington County.
                   In the fishing industry, shellfish brings in the greatest landed value.
                   Many species of finfish are either ignored or underutilized due to the lack
                   of capital to finance harvesting and processing. The Washington County
                   Vocational Technical Institute in Calais provides a positive note: it is
                   developing the Marine Trades Center to be located in Eastport, designed
                   to help local fishermen. The Center plans to offer instruction to exper-
                   ienced as well as to new fishermen. They will help develop techniques for
                   harvest of fish species during the winter, teach equipment repair, and
                   offer instruction in other aspects of the modern fishing trade. Aquaculture
                   is still in its experimental stage in Maine. The possibilities of this
                   industry will become more feasible in the future considering the prevalent
                   bays and harbors along our coast. If shellfish resources, already threatened,
                   become in danger of commercial extinction because of pollution, predat6rs,
                   and overharvesting, aquaculture may become a logical alternative.
                   Lowbush blueberries are the backbone of agriculture in Washington County.
                   Growing on the barrens and on former cropland, blueberries make up about
                   80% of the total crop for the state. The Jasper Wyman and Son and A.L.
                   Stewart and Sons both located in Cherryfield, process a major share of
                   the crop. Thisindustry, though seasonal and low skill, provides many jobs
                   and brings in millions of dollars a year into the county. As new techniques
                   for propagation, fertilization, and increased production are developed and
                   applied, this important cash crop will Become increasingly valuable to
                   Washington County's Economy. The seasonal peak is leveled somewhat at the
                   two factories by processing other crops including beans, corn apples, straw-
                   berries and cherrys.
                   Peat moss is a little-developed industry, suprisingly so in light of the
                   thousands.of tons of harvestable, marketable peat in the county. Only
                   three operations function today in the county. Primitive working conditions
                   limit this industry to mostly seasonal production. The demand for peat
                   is high, and most high-quality peat, such as that found in Maine, is pres-
                   ently imported from Finland, Denmark, Norway, Ireland, and Canada. Popular
                   peat Items that could be produced here are pressed pots, strips, and cubes
                   for starting plants indoors. Peat-vermiculite-fertilizer mixes are also
                   popular. Native resources, such as seaweeds, clamshells, fishwastes, manure,
                   granite dust, and sawdust could be added to the peat.
                   Tourism, a major industry in this county, will probably continue at its
                   present rate. Our county has a great deal to offer in beauty and history
                   that has attracted people for decades. Leisure time has encouraged tourists
                   to spend more time in eastern Maine. The lengthened tourist season brings
                   more income to county residents.

                                                                                                   061

                  Several major industrial projects have been proposed that could be of
                  economic importance to Washington County. Tidal power projects, deep
                  water ports, and oil refineries have been the most wide I y-di scussed
                  projects. Nowhere on the East Coast are there currents, tides, and deep
                  water like those in eastern Maine.

                  Development of a deep water port facility, non-existent at present in
                  this'county, could provide an important lift to the economy. Eastort is
                  planning such a facility. Deep-water piers and wharves would service large
                  freighter ships, and several ships at a time could be loading potatoes,
                  paper products, fish products, and other locally manufactured goods, and
                  unloading goods necessary to the area's businesses and industries. A well-
                  planned port facility could easily compete with Searsport or Portland.
                  The Passamaquoddy Tidal Power Project was one of the first major proposals
                  for generating electricity from the tides. This idea has been resurrected
                  many times in the past. As conventional energy production becomes more
                  expensive, the Passamaquoddy project will become more feasible in terms of
                  its cost-effectiveness.
                  The Pittston Company has proposed an oil refinery for Eastport. Approval
                  for this project is pending. There is little doubt that an industry of
                  this magnitude, and the satellite industries that it would attract, would
                  give the region a much-needed economic boost. The controversy, for the
                  most part, arises from 1) the environmental risks involved and 2) the
                  economic practicality of establishing a refinery in light of dwindling
                  petroleum reserves.
                  In summary, population growth will probably depend on the development of
                  the county's resources. The long-term benefits and costs of major indus-
                  trial development from outside the indigenous resource pool are unknown.
                  In any case, it will probably cause major fluctuations in the population
                  growth rate. Native resources, however, if developed, will probably provide
                  a stable base for steady growth in the future.
                  An important indicator of the economic condition of a community is retail
                  sales of various goods and the "effective buyi,ng income" of the residents.
                  Cherryfield does not have a major retail center, but the figures for
                  nearby communities which depend, in part, upon Cherryfield residents give
                  a picture of the situation.
                  Per capita income in Washington County remains the lowest in Maine., although
                  un-reported income to the many self-employed residents would probably change
                  this (if it could be computed). The County also remains low in retail sales.
                  While most of the rest of Washington County focuses its commercial, indus-
                  trial, and personal activities in the Machias and Calais-Woodland growth
                  centers, the Cherryfield-Milbridge area, set nearly exactly between Machias
                  and Ellsworth, divides its attention between these two municipalities.
                  Ellsworth, a city having facilities superior to Machias, draws residents
                  of this area for many jobs and for shopping and other services.       Machias,
                  on the other hand, is the county seat, and draws business from this area
                  for that reason.

                  RC&D office for Washington and Hancock cities is located here and WHCA has
                  its board meetings in Harrington. FmHA maintains an office in Cherryfield.
                  This may promote establishment of continuing office services for the Washington
                  Hancock area, since Cherryfield is midway between the two county seats.

    				IMPACT OF NEW WORKERS ON A COMMUNITY

    		Recent statistics from the United States Chamber of Commerce show that
    	 C new workers mean the following to a community:

    						Increase in Annual Retail Sales

    		Grocery stores					$ 70,000

    		Eating and drinking places			  30,000

    		Department, dry goods, and variety stores	  45,000

    		Clothing and shoe stores			  25,000

    		Automobile dealers				  50,000

    		Gasoline service stations			  20,000

    		Lumber yards and building material dealers  15,000

    		Other stores					 105,000

    		Total increase in annual retail sales	$360,000

    				Also; 100 New Workers Mean

    		296 more people

    		112 more households

    		51 more children

    		$270,000 more bank deposits

    		$590,000 more personal income per year

    		107 more passenger cars registered

    		4 more retail establishments

    		174 more services, trade, and professional workers employed

    	This memo series is the joint effort of the Cooperative Extension
    of the States of Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont.  This memo is by
    Weeks, Extension Economist, University of New Hampshire.  Send request for
    additional copies for your county Cooperative Extension Office or your
           university Cooperative Extension Service.

    						30

                                            b
                                                                                                                                       rWanpotuer
                                                                  DEPARTMENT                    OF MANPOWER AFFAIRS                                                                   EMPLOYMENT SE'CURITY                                           IN F 0 9 M A I I

                    .ros.qh E. Bremnan
                             a                                                                                             MANPOWER RESEARCH DIVISION                                                                                                NOVEMBER 1978

                                                                    LABOR FORCE, EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT in Thousands

                                                                                                                                                                                                               Unemployment                               Unemployment

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Percent of
                                            Area                                                Labor Forcei/                                          Resident I niployed                                                    Number                      Labor Force
                                                                                                             st            Year                  Thi%              Last               Year              This                  Lm%i           Year    This          Ea st             Year
                                                                                      This                   LA
                                                                                    Month                    Month         Ago                   Month             Month              Ago            Month                    Month          Ago  Month Month                        Ago

                       MAINE                Statewide   ..........                    471.4                  473.8         466.9                 446.5             449.6              432.4             24.9                  24.2           34.5    5.3           5.1               7.4

                       Se'ected Labor Market.,
                             A,;ju%ta       ...................                     27,35o                   27,320        27,060                25,820            25,950             24,830            1,530                 1,370          2,230   5.6           5.0               0.2
                             lianior-hirvwer          .............                 40,100                   40,100        39,600                30,200            3A,100             36,700            1,900                 2,000          3,100   4.7           5.0               7.8
                             1`@" ta"t . I  .................                       11,780                   11,670        11,260                10,7so            10,710             10,U70            1,010                 940            1. 1 1#,) 8.7         8.1               10.6
                             8                 ant or d     .........               28,700                   2d, )00       2@, 300               27,4oO            27,000             26,600            1 , ioo               I , IOU        1,7nn   4.5           4.6               6.0
                             1!1@-          hat:.or-Wi,scassat .                      6,240                  6,320         6,01,0                S,710             5, m'c'            5, 2')0               5 30              4t,U           77o     8.5           7.3               12.7
                             C 1'.          1..1 . t It ...........                 14,940                   15,040        15,37o                11, Hoo           14 1 0@0           14,120            1,140                 1,0ZO          1,21,u  7.6           6.8               8.1
                                                      ............                    6,140                  6, 30U        6,470                 0,140             6'loo              S'960                 @wo               2oO            510 1   3.2           3.2               7.9
                             Ell -r         h................. .                    17,850                   181520        17, stio              16,810            17, 1, 10          1G,670            1,040                 910            1,210   5.8           4.9               6.8
                             F-i r- .:i ;I @n  ................                     12,JS0                   12,250        11, 14A0              11,670            11,740             11,150                480               510            710     3.9           4.2               6.1
                                               ................                          820                 840                gdo                    760              770                82U              60                70             80      7.3           8.3               8.9
                                                        5x5A      ......            37,200                   36,900        37,000                35,700            35,400             34,600            1,500                 1,500          2,4UO   4.0           4.1               6.5
                                                        ...........                   4,870                  4,910         A, 820                4,640             4,00               4,500                 230               280            320     4.7           5,7               6.6
                                                        ...........                   4,640                  4,690         4,450                 4,370             4,410              4,060                 270               2bo            390     5.8           6.0               8.8
                                                      D';ren   ....... .              4,360                  4,620         4,260                 4,030             4,260              3,940                 330               360            320     7.6           7.8               7.5
                                  J.-Ic Fa*..s        ............                    2,440                  2,420         2,680                 2,330             2.330              .2, 566               110               90             120     4.5           3.7               4.5
                             Pjtten-:s!dn1 Falls                .......               2,440                  2,700         2,340                 2 300             2,540              2,210                 140               160            110     5.7           5.9               5.6
                             Pcrt.andl SMSA           ............. .               87,000                   86,400        84,500                83:500            82,800             79,000            3,500                 3,600          5-500   4.0           4.2               6.5
                             i1cckj..4                                           '  16,260                   16,470        15,960                15,430            15.690             14,820                850               780            1,140   5.2           4,7               7.1
                             P-Tt'ra        . .. ............. .                                             18.4.20
                                                                                    18,250                                 18,320                17,190            17,450             17,030            1,060                 970            1,290   5.8           5.3               7.0
                             S06thwtst Penouscot               ....... .              6,150                  61100         6,450                 5,500             5,470              5,430                 650               630            1,020   10.6          10.)              15.6
                             wltervi.;.*       ................ .                   21,460                   20,930        20,710                20,540            20,030             .19,540               920               goo            1,170   4.3           4.)               5.7

                       Othcr %ew I ngi,nd             State%
                                               ..............                            n/a         1,514.4               1,497.9                     n/a         1,447.7            1.416.5               n/A               66.7           81.4    n1a           4.4               514
                                                      ............ .                2,843.0          2,HO5.0               2,799.6         12,694.4                2,684.0            2.605.8           148.6                 121.0          193.8   5.2           4.3               6.9
                                                      ...........                        n/A                 432.2         420.8                       n/s         416.6              399.4                 n/a               15.6           21.4    n/a           3.6               S.1
                             kh-le 1.1and             ............. .                 437.5                  433.7         443.8                 415.1             412.9              412.5             22.4                  20.9           31.3    5.1           4.8               7.1
                             Vermont        ...................                          n/A                 241.0         228.8                       n/a         231.4              213.7                 n/A               9.6            15.1    n/a           4.0               6.6
                       New I figlind states             ..........                       n/a         5,426.3               5,390.9                     nla         5,192.5            5,047.9               n/a               233.9          34j.0   n/A           4.3               6.4
                       United StAtes           ..............                       101,659          101,555               98,819                96,029            96,095             92,473            S,629                 5,460          6,346   5.5           5.4               6.4

                 !-r.a
                 L'A% - La@-i-rM.;1r7et Area
                 h11SA - Sta,.dard Metropo!xtan Statistical Area

                 Foo!n,)     I-s
                                               e-plow-nent. and unemployment data for all areas not seasonally ad)usted.                                                                   L:;timates made independently for each labor market
                       areA hA@e been ten@ rtmarked to and ex'trApolated from the Current Populat ion Survey estimates for the state.                                                                                           All data ad)usted to & place
                       of ir&%11@nce L.0.4.
                 21 Current figires preliminary; list month and ye3r ago figures revised.
                 'S1 sational estimates based on a sample of household visits; state estimates based on enlargements of employment figures reported.

                 NOtt
                 n7a-injicates that the information was not available at the time of printing.
                 Employmitnt and urweployment may not add to labor force due to rounding.

                                                                                    MID-MONTH INSURED UNEMPLOYMENT (Less Partials)

                                                                                                                                         Statewide                                         Portland SMSA                                     Lew oston-A u burn SMSA
                                                               Item                                                        I hi%            Last            Year                      ThIq          Last                      year           'I hi,       I.a%t                      Year
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     I

                                                                                                                           Month          Month             Alto                      Month       Month                       Ago            Month        4-nih                      Alto
                             Number of (antinued Week ('1jimanti                         .........                         9,171            7.849           12,800                    1,239        1,093                      1,774          521             453                     915

                             Wored I'virmplo-,ment RAte                 .................                                      2.4               2.0               3.9                1.6               I.S                   2.9            1.6             1.4                     3.1

                    Shotild not hc unfu%ed with insurLd Uncrillilo%meril I.Ite% 4% defillrd In the 1 111plovilik'111
                                                                                                                                                            Set 11(itv I 'Iw.                               Published under Appropriation ft. 03444.2

                                   N
                                                                  Wwaine blanpower
                t                  Z.                             DEPARTMENT Of MANPOWER AFFAIRS                                                        EMPLOYMENT SECURITY COMMISSION

                                       Lop-;:oil                                                                                                                                                                                            Einilien A Lrlrtqo,,-
                                                                                                                           N 0 V E h B E R 1 9 7 4 is
                                                                                             Ubo'r Force, Employment and Unemployment In Thousands

                                                                                                                                                                                                       Uncinploynk-111                           Une"llskiyow"t

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Percent of
                                         Area I                                              LAbor 1,irce I/                                     Resident Urnployed                                            Nurnher                           Vabnr Force
                                                                                                                                              i                Lj%l                     Yr.       Thi%         I a%l                        Thft         1 8%4             Yr.
                                                                              P     Mo.                   M'.                                                  Mo
                                                                              44    This                  L iist           Yr.
                                                                                                                           Ago                                                          Ago       Mo.          Mo                Age        Mo           Mo                Ago

                       %IAI%I.         %Iale-odc             . ........             419.9                 432.9            419.0              309.5            407.4                    397.
                                                                                                                                                                                        2         30.4         2S.S              21.81      7.2          5.9               5.2
                       %lijor Ljt%,t Markrt%
                                   P,,(,Ijnd L%1A .it        ...                      65 4                66.0             6@ 3               61.5             62 5                     62.7      3.:            3.5             2.6,j      6.0          5.3               4.0
                                   Lcw ... i-Aulturn S%4SA   (b')''.                  34:0                34.4             34:6               31.6             32:-3                    32.9      2.             2.1             1.7        7.1          6.1               4.9
                                   Ranon.Bi,@%er L%lA (c)    .....                    35.4                35.7             35.4               33.4             33.9                     33.7      2.0            1.8             1.7        5.7          5 0               14
                                   Bidd0oid-San6nd IMA       l1d) .....               31.8                32.3             31.9               29.2             30.4                     30.                                                                                : 0
                                                                                                                                                                                        3         2.6            1.9             1.b IF     0.2          5 9               5

                                   AQi ...... ggin                                                                                                                                      870       2,880        2,440             2,44o      7.2          5.9               5.9
                                                             .........            40,220                  41,110       41 310            37,340                38,670                   30
                                                        .. .......                35,490                  41,110       3 5:010           32,690                38,600                   32:7@,O   2,800        2,510             2,260      7.9          6.1               6.5
                                                                  .......         90,140                  90,770       87,040            84,500                b5,750                   8 3, 300  5,64U        5,020             3,740  1   6.3          5.5               4.)
                                                   . ....... ......               10 350                  10'660       10,300                 9,870            10,140                   9,650     480            520             450'J      4.6          4.9               4.4
                                                             ..........           17:410                  18,140       16,270            16,360                17,390                   15,530    1'o5o          750             74o        6.0          4.1               4.5
                                           ..... ........... . .              1   42,150                  42,960       41,840            39,730                40,9HO                   39.940    2,420        1.980             1,900      5.7          4 6               4.5
                       4           ka.4    .       . ........     I I . . . .     12,350                  12,830       12,620            11,620                12, @ 2 0                11,870t   730            610             75o        5.9          4.8               5.9
                                          ....................                      8,060                 8,250            7,770    11        7,340            7,830                    7,230     720            4 2 0           540-       8.9          5.1               7.0
                                                     .............                16,900                  17,310       17 150       @T   15,240                15,930                   16,420    1.660        1,380             730        9.8          8.0               4.2
                                                                                  53,930                  54,860       53:2bO            50,370                51,530       .50,300               3,560        3,330             2,980      6.6          6.1               5.6
                                           ........ ..........                      7,390                 7,360            6                  6,330            6,400                    6,580     1,060          960             410        14.3         13.0              5.9
                                                      .............               10 680                  10,980           9 440         10,000                10,450                   9,000     680            530             440    1   6.4          4.8               4. 7
                                                                                                                           : 990
                                       ........ ..... ......                      17:490                  18,150       16,750            15,840                16,720                   15,850    1,650        1,430             900,;      9.4          7.9               S 4
                                                                  ......          10,020                  10,290           9 670              9,370            9,580                    9,020     650            710             650        6.5          6.9               6:7
                       @-%J'h.npton                          .... ......      1   13,170                  13,390       12: 950           12,060                12,590                   11 990 't 1,110          Goo             960        8.4          6.0               7.4
                       h                                                      0   47,830                  48.580       46,630            44,920                46,470                   44:850    2,910        2,110             1, 780 il' 6.1          4.)               3.6
                                   York       ... . ..... .....               I
                                                                              A
                       Oiher V. Engl.md Stateti.
                                                        ... .......              1,444.0          1,426.4              1,376.8          1,346.1           1,346.1           2,307.2               97.9         60.3              69.6       6.8          5.6               5.1
                                                                  .. ....               n/A       2,646.5              2,593.2                n/a         2,457.3           2,397.6               n/a          169.2             195.6      n/&          7.1               7.5
                                                             ... ....               316.S                 336.7            329.5              319.5            321.6                    317.9     17.0         15.1              11 b       5.1          4.5
                                   Rh,,k- wand                                      418.9                 417.3            42a. 1             386.7            389.2                    394.7     32.2         28.1              25:4       7.7          6.7
                                   Ve"now                                           199.6                 199.7            200.9
                                                                                                                                              184.5            188.6                    189.7     15.1         11.1              11.2       7.5          5.5               5.5
                                                                                        n)a       5,459.5              5.33:.                 n/a         S,110.2           5"3004.3                           349.3             335.2)                  6.4               6.3 @V
                                                                                                                       9         93      05,924                06,8                     643       5,66S        S,044             4.058-,    6.2          5.5               4.5
                                         3                                        91,609                  91,891                                                    47                  5,

                       Au,
                       LMA         IjN@r M4tkct Afca
                       S%ISA       4oin-Jaid %loro;,ithlin Swli%tiul Area
                       (is) Indude, Cirv Eludwth. CurnitcrIand, Filmouth. Ckwh,ini,                              Poelland. &-jrKwo. South Portland. Wc%lbr4wk. and Yarnumth.
                       (til ln0uJ%:, Auhurn. lewwiin. and Li@Kvn,
                                    &N H.Ino-r hte-cr, Iddinoon. Glenhurn, HarnpiJeo.                            liernmit). 110den. Old limit, Orrhipton. Orono. aivJ Wazie,
                                                   it"
                                   udc% J1 it#        wk ( iiunl@ e%,,cri Wrwi,k. Lhitt. Kw%:ry.                 %otolh lkiwwk. W01%. and Yiwk,

                       I           I .^'r fiq@c                                              J.'w hit all              flui wa-iiAll) aJju%tt:d 1-%unwtc% nw& IndepeoJenily lot ewh o.%-jniy i"id %houli awt fm eitpewtoj w aN to 4,d.:
                                   1-14AI. 'All J.111 ..11111tLd lit k p1j": -I 1"'Idowc
                                   rivni nJ lj%l ni,mh tiguri:% prOiminary. @%:,r agil                    tippre% tc-od.1
                                   K@j   ciinm.le% h@wd in j %,Mph: 0 h4luwh,iIJ                                 uw              jj,: ha.cd *in enlarjp:rneni% of cniploi,nwril fipurv@ (i:j%wii:J.

                       n'A tnJi%:ati:% thai ihi, initirmatsim was nut ;A%jjljhlc at the tim%: iil Printing,
                       Employawnt and uncinplo)ffient may not ^W to labor locce due to roundino.

                                                                                                          Mid-Month Insured Unemployment (Less Partials)

                                                                                                                                                                                        Posiland  LMA                                   I cwwort-Aultuin SMSA

                                                                                                                                                                                                               Nov.              Nov.            Oct.
                                                             Itern                                                     Nov.          Oct.            Nov.                   Nov.            Oct.                                                                           POV
                                                                                                                       1974           1974           L973                   1974            IV74               1973              1974            1474                      147.@3
                                   A4

                                   %unthcf -4 Conli-ved Wcvk      Claimant    .... . .....                       12.537            8,467             6,671               1,539          1.138                  723               1,161              851                    Soo
                                   ln%ufcd ""vniri-most Raic                                                           4.3             2.9              2.3                 3.3             2.4                I.S                      4.4         3.2                    2.1

                                   Sh.,Uw n"i K' C0111"':j with inwied unonplo%nunt             rjlt:%    i% dolin,:J n fric I mlit-iiimi %-ujjl) I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Pul,10kA undii-r Aprw,qwta1%*n                     No 4444

                              TABLE V. TOTAL EFFECTIVE BUYING INCOME, BY COUNTY
                                                Maine, 1975 and 1965

                                     1975                        1965
                           Total EBI       Rank In    Total EBI      Rank In      $ Change        % Change
             County         thousands)     State    ($ thousands)     State    1965 to 1975    1965 to 1975

         Androscoggin       393,408.0         5         192,642           5        200,766          104.2
         Aroostook          352,754.2         6         160,879           6        191,875.2        119.3
         Cumberland        1,040,004.1        1         459,698           1        580,306.1        126.2
         Franklin           101,908.4       14           34,773         14          67,185.4        193.5
         Hancock            158,479.2         9          59,822           9         98,657.2        164.9
         Kennebec           476,818.4         4         194,651           4        282,167.2        145.0
         Knox               151,811.5       10           51,583         10         100,228.5        194.3
         Lincoln              99,743.4      15           33,716         15          66,027.4        195.9
         Oxford             173,964.0         7          89,901           7         84,063            93.5
         Penobscot          568,724.8         2         264,523           2        304,201.8        115.0
         Piscataquis          72,228.0      16           33,317         16          38,911          116.8
         Sagadahoc          115,254.0       11           50,403         11          64,851          128.7
         Somerset           167,860.0         8          75,239           8         92,621          123.1
         Waldo              103,604.3       13           35,236         13          66,368.2        194.0
         Washington         112,583.2       12           48,160         12          64,423.2        133.7
         York               486,058.3         3         224,177           3        261,881.3        116.8
         MAINE             4,052,045.2      --        2,008,670         --       2,043,375.2        101.7

         Source: Sales Management Magazine;       Survey of Buying Power

                     TABLE VI. AVERAGE PER HOUSEHOLD EFFECTIVE BUYING INCOME, BY COUNTY
                                                Maine, 1975 and 1965

                                       1975                        1965
                        Avg. HousehoIT-Rank In Avg. HousehoTd-Rank In              $ Change        % Change
           Counly           EBI            State         EBI ($         State    1965 to 1975 1965 to 1975
         Wa@hinqton^          9,964 ----16- 5,069 -16 - 4,895@ 96.6

                                   TABLE IV: PERSONAL INCOME, TOTAL AND PER CAPITA
                                                   Maine Counties, 1975

                                                       Personal Income

                           County        Total $ (thousands)      Per Capita     Index___(Maine   100)

                        Washington'             -127,104            - 3,875 1-wtO        - 81 . 0

                                                                                                             081?

                                                                                                MAINE TOTAL TAXABLE    SALES. SEPTEMBER 1977
                                                                                                Includes Sales Tax,    Rentals     lax, Use Tax
                                 LCONOMIC DISTRICI                                              THOUSANDS OF'-60LLARS
                                                                                                CURRLNT MONTH                             LASI 12 MONTHS
                                                                       1977                     T976-77176                1977              1976               77/76           77/74
                                 BUCKSPORT            .....          2.990                      29294  130.3           32,750          27,319                  119.9           119.0
                                 ELLSWORTH            .....          6,453                      4.897  131.8           5/,296          48.991                  117.0           140.2
                                 BLUE HILL            .....                 875                 831    105.3           8,580              7,631                112.4           122.1
                                 BAR HAPBOR ...                      4.125                      3.847  107.2           29,604          26,714                  110.8           138.6
                                 LASIEROOK            . . . .               a                   a           a          a                    a                  a                  a
                                 JONEIPORT            .....          1,787                      755    236.7           8,442              7,229                116.8           147.8
                                 MACHIAS              .......        1,243                      1"311       94.8       13,608          12,510                  108.8           143.2
                                 EASTPORT             ......                8?0                 622    131.8           6,519              5,692                114.5           131.4
                                 CALAIS       ........               3,841                      3.023  127.1           45,706          41,512                  105.0           134.1
                                 ST. CROIX            .....                 a                   a           a             a                    a               a               a
                                   EASTERN MAINE                     22,4F,46                   17,664 127.3           203,738        180,475                  112.9           134.2
                                                             MAINE TAXABLE                      SALES. GE!;ERAL MEKCMA301SE.          SEPTEMBER 1977
                                   ECONOMIC DISTRICT                                            I TAHOUSANOS      OF DOLLARS
                                                                            CURRENT MONT4                                          LAST 12 MUNTHS
                                                                     1977                       1,;71 -77/75           1977           1@76                -7wi,-177b      77/74
                                   SUCKSPORT          ......         357                        286 124.8              3.295          2.972               710.9           127.5
                                   ELLSWORTH          .....       1,693                         1,273,, 133.0     16.396           13,550                 121.0           137.8
                                   BLUE HILL          .....            86                       95  90.5               780                688             113.4           106.6
                                   SAR HARBOR         ....           546                        454 120.3              3.859          3,415               113.0           129.8
                                   EASTBROCK.....                    a                          a      a               a              a                                     6
                                   @C-SESPORT         ....           171                        72  237.5              857                890             96.3            91.4
                                                      ......         242                        173 139.9              2,369'         2,042               116.0           156.3
                                   EASTPORT           ......         179                        99  180.8              1,275          1,045               122.0           142.9
                                   CALAIS             .......        873                        740 118.0         10,298              8,152               126.3           152.0
                                   ST. CROIX          .....            a                        a      a               a                  a               a                    a
                                                                                                                  ------           ......
                                    EASTE;.4 4E...                                              3,203 130.4       39,281           32,885                 1;8.3           140.2
                                                                                                                                                                                            IN
                                                                     MAINE TAXABLE              SALLS. FOOD       STURES. SEPTLMBLR              1977

                                                                                                       THOUSANDS OF                DOLLARS
                                         ECONOMIC DISTRICT                                      CURRENT MONTH                                      LAST 12 MONTHS
                                                                                                1977 1976 -77/76                   1977                   197@              76        L7 74
                                         BUCKSPORT           . . . . . . .                      175 171     102.       3           1,902                  1.755       108.4           134.8
                                         ELLSWORTH           .......                            507 470     107.9                  5,jol                  4,540       112.4           131.8
                                         BLUE HILL           .......                            165 148     111.5                  1,726                  1,519       113.6           155.1
                                         BAR HARBOI*          * . . . .                         311 1117    111,9                  3.251                  2.967       109.6           13? . 7
                                         EASTBPOOK           . . . . . . .                      aa                a                a                      a               a             a
                                         JU@IJESPORT         . . . . . . .                      139 159           87.4             1 458                  1.399       104.2           147. 1
                                         MACHIAS        ..........                              142 185           76.8             1.910                  1,120       111.0           138./
                                         IAITIONT,,,**,*,                                       91 149            61,4             1,518                  1,451       104*1           129,6
                                         CALAIS       ..........                                292 289     101.0                  3,1RI                  2,864       111.1           154.6
                                         ST. CROIX           .......                            aa                a                   a                   a               a             a

                                                                                                ---- ----   -----                  -----                  -----
                                          EASTERN MAINk..                   1,863               1,879             99.1        20,277               18,436             lio.n           138.6
                                                                            14A !!.E T
                                                                                                -AXABLE SALES. SUILOING-SUPPLY. SEPTEMBER 1977

                                                                                                THOUSANDS OF OOL,LARS
                                         ECO%0.41C DISTRICT                                     CURRViT mONTH                               LAST 12 MOITMS
                                                                                                114", 1975                                     19-15           77lia           77/74
                                                                                                1           7 "17 5.          1977
                                         !uC.(SPIRT          ........                           42 34'      123.5             392              367             106.8           94.0
                                         ELLS;vORTH          ........       1.226               800         153.3         8,348..           7,000              119.3           125.3
                                         3LJE HILL           ........                           252 201     125.4         2.170             11929              112.S           10.4
                                         BAR PiARSOR         .......                            363 342     106.1         3,692             3.439              105.8           114.4
                                         !AS-?P.3CK          ........                           aa          a                 a                a                 a                a
                                         'ONESPO;T           ........                           464 185     250.8         1.914             1,779              107.6           147.0
                                         MAC.A!@S       ..........                              143 188     76.1          1,604             1.79S              89.4            99.0
                                         EAS-OCRT            .........                          251 i6a     155.4         1,350             1,052              128.3           166.7
                                         CALAIS       ...........                               392 350     112.0         3,316             3.128              106.0           105.6
                                         ST. CROIX           ........                           aa          a                 a                a                 a                a
                                                                                                --;- z----  "--,          2....    ;      2 ......             -I-i-o,-9-      1,;,9"4
                                           EAS7:q4 MAINE             ...    3.1 6               269         138.7         2.80              0 5SS

                  E. Capital Improvement Program
                      The major physical facilities required for providing town services Include
                  streets, parks, playgrounds, water, sewage, boat facilities, street lighting,
                  libraries, town garage and fire and police station -- and the necessary major
                  equipment for their operation.
                      The initial cons-truction or acquisition together with improvements and
                  additions to these facilities are called "capital improvements" regardless of
                  how they are obtained or financed. For example, a park, school, or town hall
                  may be obtained by gift or purchase, or by other methods.
                      The capital improvement program is a list of capital improvements that
                  will be needed by the town to provide its program of public services.
                      Priority List of Improvements. As a part of the capital improvement
                  program, the projects to be undertaken are arranged in the order of proposed
                  priority of construction, with estimates of the probable cost of each improve--
                  ment, the method of financing and other information.
                      Revenue Program.    Not only must there be a proper balance between oper-
                  ating and capital expenditures, but expenditures must in turn be balanced
                  against revenues. This balance is accomplished by forming a tentative revenue
                  policy (including taxes, loans, and other revenue sources) and studying it in
                  relation to expenditure proposals. The two are balanced by adjusting the
                  proposed services and the estimated revenues.
                      After the proposed projects have been arranged according to need or
                  urgency, adjustments will probably have to be made in allo(fating the projects
                  to different years of the program. It may be found, for instance, that seveeral
                  large improvements head the priority list, and that not more than one such
                  improvement can be undertaken in any one year. Minor projects appearing farther
                  down on the priority list will be advanced where necessary to balance the
                  program and utilize the funds estimated to be available.
                      Projects for the later years will necessarily be tentative and subject to
                  considerable change before the time comes for construction. Experience has
                  shown that projects intended for the first five years can be worked out in
                  considerable detail and those for the second five years in, somewhat less detail.
                  Projects relegated to the last part of t.he progra 'm are left in outline. But
                  in order to determine what should be done durin.g the first five years, it Is
                  necessary to consider land for a given project might be acquired in the first
                  year of the program, with plan preparation coming several years later, and
                  construction or development following. For example, in developing a recreation
                  area a preliminary plan for the area would be made early in the program (or
                  might already be available); land acquisition might start immediately, and
                  proceed over several years and improvements for the area might extend through-
                  out the program.
                      Such a priority system will result in a definite pattern:
                      I. The program for the first ensuing year, which is to be implemented
                  by the annual budget, is set forth in detail and is based on preliminary
                  engineering or architectural designs.
                      2. Less detailed programs for the second, third, forth, and fifth years
                  contain descriptions of projects and approximate cost estimates. The priority
                  arrangement, though tentative, has been suggested. "Priority A."
                      3. A more generalized and preliminary program for the next five-year
                  period has descriptions of projects and approximate cost estimates with the

                 projects arranged in tentative priority order but with no attempt at
                 scheduling by years. "Priority B."
                     4. The balance of the projects proposed for xonstruction during the
                 remaining years of the program again are grouped in tentative preliminary
                 oriority,but with no attempt to schedule by years. "PriorityC."
                     The financial aspects of the tentative schedule of improvements should
                 be considered next. The first step is to obtain any missing cost estimates..
                 The next step is to develop a revenue program.
                     Sources of funds for carrying out the Capital Improvement Program: There
                 are three basic sources of funds available to the town:

                     1. Local taxes;
                     2.  Revenue sharing;
                     3. State and federal grants.
                     In addition, there may be occasional gifts of land or facilities made to
                 the town.
                     Past town expenditures have been used as the basis for projecting future
                 local funds, and reasonable estimates of state and federal funds have been
                 made based upon past experience of towns in the county.
                     While specific sources of funds are indicated for each project in the
                 program, the amount actually a@ailable from each will vary from year to year.
                 The sources should therefore be regarded only as suggestions.
                     Execution of the Capital Improvement Program. Putting the capital
                 improvement program into actual operation is a year-by-year process done
                 through the town budget. Each year when the current budget is prepared, one
                 year of the capital budget is included in it.
                     Periodic Revision and Extension. It is good practice to review, revise,
                 and extend the capital budget every two years. The passage of time may
                 indicated the wisdom of rearranging the order of priorities. It is also
                 important that new estimates of income and operating expenses be prepared.
                     Thisdoes not mean that the entire process of long-range programming for
                 capital improvements need to be repeated each year. The review is primarily
                 for the purpose of adjusting the program to immdeiately changing circumstances.

             DATE DUE

           GAYLORDINo. 2333 -- IIPRINTEO IN U S A

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           '1 3 6668 14106 9445