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                                 RTIS                              PHILIP M. SAVAGE, DIRECTOR
                                                                      STATE PLANNING OFFICE

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          1974

                                                  TECHNICAL SERVICES DIVISION
                                                      STATE PLANNING OFFICE

                                                   Alan Goodwin        Director
                                                   Suanne Singer       Programming Analyst
                                                   Beth Dennis         Research Analyst
                                                   Roxanne Ridlon      Programmer Assistant

                                                   Cover Design        Kenneth Ryder

    														03709

                              STANDARD CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM FOR

                                    LAND COVER IN MAINE

                                 LAND COVER CODING MANUAL

                                       Kenneth M. Curtis
                                         -Governor

                            U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NOAA
                            COASTAL. SEFVICES CENTER
                            2234 SOUTH HOBSON AVENUE
                            CHARLESTON, SC 29405-2413

         HD211.M2 583 1974
         1222898
         MAY 6 1997
                                                          The preparation of this report was
                                                          financially aided by a comprehensive
         Property of CSC Library                          planning grant from the U.S. Dept.
                                                          of Housing and Urban Development

                                                       STATS OF MAINE

                                                OFFICE OF THE GOVERNOR

                                                   AUGUSTA. MAINE    04330

                   TO: All State Agencies:

                           Beginning on December 1, 1974, 1 am directing all State agencies to follow the
                   land cover code set forth in this manual for all land cover coding in Maine. In addition,
                   I am directing the State Contract Review Committee to disapprove proposed contracts for
                   State and Federal funding for State agencies in which land cover codes vary from the en-
                   closed official code.

                           With all State agencies using the enclosed.land cover code we can begin to shore
                   data describing land cover characteristics even though it may originate from different
                   sources. This will reduce the overlap and expense of State data collection.

                           I am asking local, regional and federal agencies collecting land cover data to use
                   the enclosed land cover code that is defined and explained in the Introduction to this
                   manual. This is of particular importance in view of recent State, Regional and Federal
                   interest concerning land development and its effect on the natural environment. Maine
                   must be ready to colleIt and tabulate land cover data that will help to enable developers
                   and environmentalists to analyze the total impact of land use changes on the environment.

                           I am happy to say that a group of State agencies have worked together to produce
                   the land cover code presented in this manual. This code is the first step toward. the develop-
                   ment of an analytical tool that may be used to measure the effect of built-up areas on the
                   -environment. Through cooperation in land cover identification and collection we can
                   achieve greater returns from our total data collection efforts than by proceeding on a piece-
                   meal basis.

                           In conclusion, I am asking the State Planning Office to maintain and update the
                   Maine Land Cover Code. * This will be accomplished with the advice and assistance of the
                   MIDAS Users' Group that represents the iriterests of those agencies which are maintaining
                   files in the Maine Information Display Analysis System.

                                                                          Sincerely,
                                                                          @
                                                                                  d4.
                                                                            eLnneth M. Curtis
                                                                              Governor

                                                        PREFACE

                        This Standard Classification System for Land Cover in Maine was developed by
                an. inter-departmental group of planners representing State agencies that are members of
                MIDAS, and who are interested in a common land cover code for the State of Maine.
                The acronym, MIDAS, stands for the Maine Information Display Analysis System, a grow-
                ing mechanized data bank. consisting mainly of natural resources data placed there by an
                increasing number of State agencies. MIDAS is administered by the State Planning Office
                with the. assistance of a MI DAS Users's Group (MUG). This group is made up of representa-
                tives of those agencies that maintain one or more files in MiDAS.

                        A small working committee in MUG worked on the development of the following
                land cover code for over six months. During the latter part of this period, the committee
                met once a week to work out differences of view and to refine the definitions of the terms
                used in the manual. They worked wel I together and by so doing, proved that State agencies
                concerned about a particular problem could cooperate and produce a product that would be
                of use to a large number of agencies.

                        The following cover code has been distributed to all MUG members and State and
                regional. agencies concerned with land cover coding. Another manual will be published
                at a later date by the State Planning Office, the result of the efforts of another working
                committee of MUG, the Land Use.Coding Committee. The land use manual will set forth
                a standard code for use by agencies'concerned with the use to which land is put by man
                rather, than a description of the cover over the land surface as determined by photo inter-
                pretation of ERTS satellite imagery or aerial photography. This type of land classification
                usually requires a ground survey while data for land cover characteristics can be collected
                by the more economical method of photo interpretation.

                        This land cover coding manual for Maine has been produced     by a competent and
                hard working committee of MUG. Gary Higginbottom of the Coastal Planning Division of
                the State Planning Office wrote the Introduction to this manual. His work was edited by the
                Land Cover Committee of the MIDAS User's Group. Each individual on this committee has
                given a great deal of his time in developing the Standard Classification System For Land
                Cover in Maine, as part of an interdepartmental effort to publish a land cover coding manual
                that would be of use to agencies collecting land cover data. I am especially indebted to the
                following persons who expe6ded a great deal of their time so that a land cover coding manual
                could be made available to all of you.

                                Dr. Burton R. Anderson          Water Resources Planning Division, State
                                                                Planning Office
                                Walter A. Anderson              Bureau of Geology, Department of Conserva-
                                                                tion
                                James F. Connors                Land Use Regulation Commission, Department
                                                                of Conservation

                                Philip L. Goggins             Department of Marine Resources
                                Alan D. Goodwin               Committee Chairman, State Planning
                                                              Office
                                Gary Higginbottom             Division of Coastal Planning, State
                                                              Planning Office
                                Frederick B. Hurley           Department of Inland Fisheries & Game
                                James P. Norris               Bureau of Property Taxation, Department
                                                              of Finance. and Administration

                         In addition, I am indebted to all those who took their time to make a thorough
                 review of the Committee's Draft. Many@of their recommendations have been incorporated
                 into this manual thus making it more. useful to those who wish to classify and code Maine's
                 land cover.

                         Undoubtedly the real test of the code will be made in the field as technicians begin
                 to utilize the code in categorizing land 'Cover. When a sufficient number of needed changes
                 are warranted, the Land Cover Coding Committee will be reconvened to determine which
                 changes should be made to the land classification and coding system.

                                                              Sinc rely,

                                                              Phili M. Savage, ;17retc/tor
                                                              State Planning Office
                                                               inc re,
                                                             P 4h

                                                             I NDEX

                                                                                            PAG E

                            GOVERNOR'S LETTER     .........................

                            PREFAC E  .................................

                            INTRODUCTION      ............................

                                   Abstract  .............................
                                   The Nature of Land Use   ...................               .1 -2
                                   Development of the Land Cover Code     ..........          2 -4
                                   Using the Cover Classification System   .........          3
                            LAND COVER CATEGORIES        .....................                5

                                   Forest Land ...........................                    6
                                   Agricultural Land ..............          ........         6 -7
                                   Wetlands  ............................                     7-8
                                   Surface Water  .........................                   8
                                   Barren Land ............................                   9
                                   Urban or Built-up Land  ....................               9
                                   Miscellaneous  .........................                   10

                            LAND COVER CATEGORY DEFINITIONS            ............           11

                                   Forest Land ...........................                    12
                                   Agricultural Land  .......................                 14
                                   Wet-lands  .............................                   16
                                   Surface Water  ...........................                 20
                                   Barren Land ............................                   22
                                   Urban or Built-up Land  ....................               24
                                   Miscellaneous  ..........................                  26

                                INTRODUCTION TO THE STANDARD CLASSIFICATION'
                                       SYSTEM FOR LAND COVER IN MAINE

                                                   Abstract

                        Numerous characteristics of land con be classified or mapped, and for this reason
                many different land classification" systems have evolved. Land can be classified accord-
                ing to the use of the land by man, by its vegetation and cover types, by ownership, by
                plant and animal ecosystems, by landscape character, etc. The purpose here has been to
                produce a standard system for planners and resource managers to classify land according to
                a single factor, the nature.of the surface land cover.

                        The Standard Classification System for Land Cover in Maine and the Standard
                Classification System for Land Use in Maine (in a separate publication) have been pro-
                duced as a step toward making it possible for various State and Federal agencies, regional
                and local planners and University groups to produce comparable classification mops of Maine's
                land cover and the land use activities of Maine people. By using a single classification
                system for each of these types of information, groups and agencies con share and apply infor-
                mation and thus share the time and expense necessary for gathering it.

                        MIDAS (Maine Informat ion Display and Analysis System) provides the system for organ-
                izing and storing this information. However, for inclusion in MIDAS land use and land cover
                information from numerous sources must be organized into compatible categories. For this
                reason, the MID -AS Users' Group (the advisory body for MI DAS) has produced standardized
                land use and land cover codes for use throughout the State. Obviously different groups have
                different information needs, but by fitting these needs into the standard land use and land
                cover categories, data collectors can participate in an information system which allows reason-
                able comparisons to be made between locations and over periods of time.

                        Separate land use and land cover codes have been developed because the two types of
                information constitute parameters which should be identified, mapped, and evaluated separa-
                tely. This publication presents and explains the land cover classification system.' The land
                use system will be presented in a separate document.

                                           The Nature of "Land Use"

                        The term "Land Use" is used rather loosely to refer to a broad range of concepts. Lit-
                eral ly speaking, "land use" generally refers to "man's activities on land which are directly
                related to the land" (Clawson and Stewart, 1965). This definition may be followed strictly in
                land use inventories which are conducted through surveys on the -ground, direct observation of
                on-going activities or discussions with landowners. In these cases, human activities are viewed
                directly, or- their existence is confirmed by a reasonably reliable authority. Aerial photography
                and remote sensing imagery have altered this situation. This imagery shows the nature of the
                land surface at a single instant in time. Air photo interpreters can identify human activities
                from the nature of the land surface with considerable accuracy, especially when the activity

                leaves an unmistakable imprint on the land, surface. For example, a field showing parallel
                furrows caused by plowing can be assumed'to indicate agricultural activities. However, in
                other areas the interpreter may simply indicate the nature of the land surface because man's
                activities are not present or visible in the photograph, and no solid evidence is apparent.
                This can be the case for sandy lake shores Which support heavy concentrations of people only
                during certain periods. Another example is that of forested areas where man's primary use of
                the land may be for growth of timber, wildlife management or recreation. A single photograph
                may show no conclusive evidence of such activity, and the interpreter will often simply indi-
                cate the character of the land surface, in.this case forested land.

                        These situations make it obvious that "land use" inventori  ,es have come to the point
                where quite often they are indicating two different things; (1) man's activities on land, and
                (2) "the vegetational and artificial constructions covering the land surface" (Burley, 1961).

                        Marion Clawson and Charles L. Stewart offer sound advice for preparation of a land
                data system,
                        ".. . the data collection, tabulation, and summarization should not mix indiscrimin-
                ately different ideas' about land in one syste.m or plane. Each concept should be kept pure,
                as far as possible, and data on each idea or concept kept separate, up to the stage of analysis"
                (Clawson and Stewart, 1965).

                        Rather than mix and confuse two separate and distinct characteristics of land we have
                chosen to produce two separate systems for land classification; a land use code for man's
                activities on the land and a land cover code to indicate the nature of the land surface itself.
                This approach is designed to minimize the confusion involved in deciding how to classify land
                areas according to conventional classification methods which often mix the concepts of land
                use and land cover together. The system also wi.11 hopefully provide products which fit the
                needs of a wider range of information users. Thus we can avoid the problems inherent in a
                single classification system which almost fits the needs of everyone but does not really fit the
                needs of anyone.

                                             Development of the Land Cover Code

                        This. system for classifying land cover in Maine has been developed by those members
                of the MIDAS Users' Group who use. land cover information as an integral part of their plan-
                ning and management work. The objective has been to devise a classification system which
                categorizes the land surface by major characteristics and by minor traits which can be dis-
                tinguished using aerial photography. The intention has been to ovoid confusing with the sys-
                tem for classifying land use in Maine, and to refer to man's past and present activities only
                as they are the major factors which determin the character of Maine's land cover or surface.

                        The system employs a four digit code consisting of seven first order categories. These
               are general, classes of land cover which in turn are broken into more detailed subcategories at
               the second third and fourth levels. First level categories are designed to be as consistent as
               p.ossible with the Land Use Classification System for Use with Remote Sensor Data.being develop-
               ed for national use by the Federal Government Interagency Steering Committee on Land Use
               Information and Classification. (The national system is described in the U.S. Geological Survey,
               Circular 671).

                                                               -2

                          The Maine' land cover categories are essentially organized accordi.ng to the nature
                   of surface materials and characteristics, such as forest vegetation, agricultural vegetation
                   or plowed lands, wetland vegetation, water, bare soil and rock, unnatural materials.and
                   conditions that are built or maintained by man and miscellaneous cover types that are not
                   covered by the other categories. Most of these categories are relatively consistent with the
                   proposed national land use system. However, the breakdown of the "Urban or Built-Up
                   Land" cat'egory differs significantly from the corresponding category in the proposed national
                   code. 'In the proposed national code the category "Urban and Bui It-Up Land" is subdivided
                   into the categories of: "Residential" land, "Commercial and Services," "Industrial,."
                   "Transportation, Communications and Utilities," "Industrial and Commercial Complexes,"
                   '!Mixed" uses and "Other" . These categories represent land use activities rather than cover
                   types, and therefore they correspond more closely to the use code than the cover code.
                   Further explanation of the Maine's cover classes can be found in the    Land Cover Category
                   Definitions", section of this report following the "Introduction".

                                            Using the Cover Classificaticvn System-

                          The manner in which the code is used depends upon the needs of the user and upon
                   the scale of aerial photography. Essentially the first and second level categories are intend-
                   ed for generalized analysis or for use with small-scale photos and maps where detai I is not
                   needed. * When greater detail is necessary, second and third and fourth level categories
                   should be used.

                          When small-scale or high altitude photography or imagery is used, relatively detail-
                   ed land cover types are not observable, and thus they cannot be delineated separately from
                   surrounding land types. An example is the situation of roads and highways. The category
                   "Pavement and Transportation Facilities" defines the nature of the land cover where roads
                   and highways exist., However, narrow strips of pavement "e hardly distinguishable on small
                   aerial photographs or cannot be delineated as a  significant area of separate cover type
                   on a small scale map. In such a case, the major cover type(s) surrounding the highway would
                   be mapped as that cover. type which surrounds the road. This policy also covers any other
                   cases of small parcels of isolated cover types. The feasibility of delineating such areas as
                   separate units depends upon the scale of mapping and of photo imagery.

                          For foresters and others who require forestland inventories by individual species or
                   by species associations, this can be accomplished while being consistent with the cover
                   classification system. Codes for individual natural forest and plantation species are avail-
                   able in MIDAS, and,these categories can be simply related to the proper cover category.
                   For example, a natural stand classified as white pi-ne under Major Forest Type Edit 223, must
                   be further classified as " Natural Forest, Softwood" (1120) PN. Similarly, more specific cate-
                   gories may be developed when needed under the other categories of 'this code- For example,
                   specific cr6ps such as potato land, corn land, etc., may be designated under code number
                   2110, "Tilled Land."

                      Small scale maps are maps on which the given roads, structures, waterways, topography
                      and other physical features appear small. Large scale maps are maps on which the given
                      physical features appear large. A map with a 1 "=200 foot scale is therefore a larger scale
                      map with more detai I than a map at a scale of 1  -5, 000 feet.

                                                               -3 -

                        The -general philosophy behind the "Buildings and Structures" category deserves
                 some explanation. The "Urban or Bui It-Up Land" category deals with situations in which
                 the cover characteristics are essentially the results of man's concentrated and relatively
                 permanent activities. "Building and Stru  ctures" are one result of such activities, and
                 therefore they are considered here as a cover type. The judgment-of the land cover
                 committee was that the most logical and generally useful subdivision of the "Buildings and
                 Structures" category would be to categories of density: low density, medium density and
                 high density. These densities, as they are defined, relate to the situation in Maine.
                 Relative to Maine, downtown Gardiner is "high density".. In the context of another state
                 this might not be, the case. After a period of experience in use of the land cover code in
                 Maine, photo interpreters will be able to give a more specific measurement of density than
                 the generalized categories now used.

                         Use of the "Buildings and Structures" category also offers an example of the use of
                 the four -level category system. The land cover interpreter must first designate those areas
                 which fit the definition of "Urban or Built-Up Land". Within these areas he can delineate
                 those sections which fit the definition of "Buildings and Structures" . If his mapping scale
                 and his information requirements are such as to make a further breakdown feasible, he can
                 further designate the density of development within the "Buildings and Structures" land areas.
                 By doing this, the interpreter achieves a logical definition of density of buildings and struc-
                 tures.-

                        The definitions of the cover categories are intended as a guide for the land cover
                 interpreter as well as an explanation for the person using the cover data, The definitions
                 should enable the person classifying cover types to make interpretations based upon readily
                 observable land surface characteristics. References are made throughout to confusing cir-
                 cumstances,, apparent overlaps of categories and other problems. For these reasons, all
                 persons using any part of the land cover code or the information generated by it should study
                 the entire set of definitions before proceeding. Many problems will undoubtedly arise as the
                 land cover and land use classification systems are used. For this reason, both codes are in-
                 tended to be flexible and open to changes. However, in order to keep the code up-to-date
                 and consistent for all users, proposed changes should be submitted to the State Planning
                 Office for review by the MIDAS Users' Group.

                                                        References

                 Anderson, James R., Hardyi Ernest E., and Roach, John T., A Land Use Classification
                 System for Use with Remote-Sensor Data, Washington, D.C., U.S. Geological Survey for
                 the Inter-Agency Steering Committee on Land Use Information-and Classification.

                 Burley, Terence M., 1961, "Land Use or Land Utilization?" Professional Geographer,
                 V. 13, no. 6, p. .18-20.

                 Clawson, Marion, and Stewart, Charles L., 1965, Land Use Information: A Critical Survey
                 of U.S. Statistics Including Possibilities for Greater Uniformit Baltimore, Md., The Johns
                 Hopkins Press for Resources for the Future Inc., pp.29, 161.

                                                              -4-

                                     LAND COVER CATEGORIES

                                              -5-

                                                STATE OF MAINE
                                          LAND COVER CODING SYSTEM

                      1000 FOREST LAND

                             1100 Natural Forest*

                                   1110 Hardwood

                                   1120 Softwood

                                   1130   Mixed Growth Predominantly Softwood

                                   1140   Mixed Growth Predominantly Hardwood

                             1200 Forest Land Plantations*

                                   1210   Hardwood Plantations

                                   1220   Softwood Plantations

                                   1230   Mixed Plantation Predominantly Softwood

                                   1240   Mixed Plantation Predominantly Hardwood

                             1300 Other Forest Land

                                   1310   Alders

                                   1320   Scrub

                                   1330   Insect or Disease Damaged Land

                                   1340   Burned Areas

                                   1350   Clear Cuts

                                   1360   Forest Nurseries

                      2000 AGRICULTURAL LAND

                             2100 Active Agricultural Land

                                   2110 Tilled Land

                         See Major Forest type codes in MIDAS for more specific classifications of forest
                          and forest land. plantations.

                                                       -6-

                                  2120   Field

                                  2130   Blueberry Land

                                  2140   Orchards & Vineyards

                                  2150   Horticultural Nurseries

                                  2160   Barnyards and Feed Lots

                                  .2170  Other

                            2200 Abandoned Agricultural Land

                                  22TO   Abandoned Field Reverting to Softwoods

                                  2220   Abandoned Field Reverting to Alders

                                  2230   Abandoned Field Reverting to Poplar

                                  2240   Abandoned Field Reverting to Alder-Poplar- Grey Birch,

                                  2250   Abandoned Field Reverting to Mixed Growth

                                  2260   Abandoned Agricultural Land Being Reclaimed

                                  2270   Abandoned Orchard

                                  2280   Blueberry Land - Unmanaged

                     3000 WETLANDS*

                            3100 Inland Fresh Wetlands

                                  3110   Seasonally Flooded Basins or Flats

                                  3120   Inland Fresh Meadow

                                  3130   Inland Shallow Fresh Marsh

                                  3140   Inland Deep Fresh Marsh

                                  3150   Shrub Swamp

                                  3160   Wooded Swamp

                                  3170   Bog

                         For further irmation concerning the categories under Wetlands see the Official
                         Maine Wetlands Classification (Edit #222) in MIDAS.

                                                         -7-

                          3200 Coastal Wetlands

                                3210 Coastal Shallow Fresh Marsh

                                3220 Coastal Deep Fresh Marsh

                                3230 Coastal Salt Meadow

                                3240   Regularly Flooded Salt Marshes

                          3300 Intertidal Land

                                3310   Unvegetated Tidal Flats

                                3320   Vegetated Tidal Flats

                                3330   Unvegetated Ledge

                                3340   Vegetated Ledge

                                3350   Unvegetated Rocky Shore

                                3360   Vegetated Rocky Shore

                                3370   Sand or Gravel Beach

                                3380   Other

                   4000 SURFACE WATER

                          4100 FlowingWaters

                                4110   River (Major Flowing water)

                                4120   Stream (Minor flowing water)

                                4130   Intermittent Brooks

                          4200 Standing Waters

                                4210   Lake (Great Pond)

                                4220   Pond (Minor Surface)

                                4230   Beaver Flowage

                          4300  Tidal Waters

                                4310   Bays and Estuaries

                                4320   Coastal Open Fresh Water

                                4330   Open Marine Waters
                                                     8 -

                           5000 BARREN LAND

                                   5100 Naturally Exposed Land

                                         5110 . Bedrock.

                                         5120, Gravel

                                         5130     Sand

                                         5140     Boulder Fields

                                         5150     Rock Slides

                                         5160     Other

                                   5200  Unnaturally exposed Land

                                         5210     Cleared Land

                                         5220     Quarries or open pit mines

                                         5230     Sand or Gravel Pits

                                         5240     Strip Mines

                                         5250     Sand or Gravel fill

                                         @260     Spoil or tailings

                                         5270     Other

                          -6000 URBAN OR BUILT-UP LAND

                                   6j00 Buildings and Structures

                                         6110     Low Density

                                         6120     Medium Density

                                         6130     High Density

                                   6200  Pavements and Transportation Facilities

                                   6300  Rights-of-Way or Pipelines

                                   6400  Open

                                         6410     Trash and Debris

                                         6420     Vegetated

                                         6430     Other

                                                                   9 -

                   7000 MISCELLANEOUS

                         7100 Coastal Scrub

                         7200 Other

                                                 - 10-

                               LAND COVER CATEGORY DEFMITIONS

                  1000 FOREST LAND

                          Forest land consists of land arem dominated by the growth of forest trees and other
                  woody vegetation such as alders, scrub and nursery areas. Forest lands also consist of areas
                  that show indications of recent growth of forest trees which include burns and cutovers.
                  Forest tree growth includes natural stands, plantations and insect damaged areas. Forest
                  trees are woody plants that have a well-developed stem and grow to more than 12 feet in
                  height at maturity.

                          In classifying forest land, the question will arise as to how to classify roads. For
                  the purpose of this land cover classification system, roads will be included within the
                  associated and abutting land cover types when the smallest mappable unit is insufficient to
                  permit their delineation. However, when the scale is sufficient to permit delineation of
                  roads, they should be identified separately and placed in the proper cover category. ("Pave-
                  ment and Transportation Foci I ities, Category 6200") - Natural forest, forest land plantations
                  and other forest land make up "Forest Land."

                          I 100 Natura I Forest

                                  Natural forest land consists of areas covered by naturally regenerated forest
                          trees which are randomly spaced,in stands. A "stand" of forest trees means a con-
                          tiguous group of trees sufficiently uniform in species, arrangement of age classes,
                          and condition to be identif 'ied as a homogeneous and distinguishable unit. In order
                          to qualify as a natural forest, howeverl there must be sufficient numbers of trees to
                          produce an approximate 10 percent crown closure over the area to be classified.

                                  I I 10 Hardwood

                                          Natural hardwood forest lands are characterized by stands of trees
                                  with broad leaved foliage that are bare in the winter time and consist of
                                  broad rounded crowns. Larch, even though it is bare in the winter time,
                                  is not included as a hardwood. Over 75 percent of the crown closure in an
                                  area to be classified must be hardwood in order for the area to be coded as
                                  a natural hardwood forest.

                                  1120 Softwood

                                          Natural softwood  forest lands consist of stands of coniferous trees
                                  with needles or scale-like leaves that have conical shaped crowns. Over
                                  75 percent of the crown closure in a stand must be softwood in order for
                                  the area to be classified as natural softwood forest land. Larch is included
                                  as a softwood.

                                                                 12 -

                               1130 Mixed Growth Predominantly Softwood

                                      A Natural mixed stand of hardwood and softwood forest trees with
                               the softwoods comprising 50 to 75 percent of the crown closure.

                               .1140 Mixed Growth Predominantly Hardwood

                                      A natural mixed stand of hardwood and softwood forest trees with
                               the hardwoods comprising 50 to 75 percent of the crown closure.

                      1200 Forest Land Plantations-

                               Forest Land Plantations consist of stands of forest trees in rows that have been
                      planted in this fashion by man. Plantations are distinguished   'by regularly spaced trees
                      of uniform height and shape. Plantations may also be identified by the predominant
                      type of tree grown such as Pine, Spruce, Douglas Fir, Balsam Fir, Larch and Poplar.
                      Even aged natural forest stands do not display regular spacing in rows and older plan-
                      tations may not be distinguishable. from even *aged natural stands. In that case, older
                      plantations would be classified as natural forest land.

                               1210 Hardwood Plantations

                                      Plantation forest lands in which over 75. percent of the crown closure
                               is hardwood (see definition for "hardwood" I 110).

                               1220 Softwood. Plantations

                                      Plantation forest lands in which over 75 percent of the crown closure
                               is softwood (see definitionfor "softwood" 1120).

                               1230 Mixed Plantation Predominantly Softwood

                                      A mixed plantation stand of hardwood and softwood forest     trees with
                               the softwoods comprising 50 to 75 percent of the crown closure.

                               1240 Mixed Plantation Predominantly Hardwood
                                      Amixed plantation stand of hardw    'ood and softwood forest trees with
                               the hardwoods comprising 50 to 75 percent of the crown closure.

                      1300 Other Forest Land

                               Other forest land consists of areas other than natural forest or forest land
                      plantations supporting or showing evidenceof recent woody vegetation, or displaying
                      special conditions of forest trees. Areas supporting woody vegetation consist of alders,
                      scrub, cutover and similar areas. Special condition areas consist of insect and dis-
                      ease damaged trees, burned over areas and forest nurseries.

                                                                  13

                                1310 Alders

                                       An area predomina 'ntly covered by alders. A stand of alders can
                                be distinguished from "Abandoned Field Reverting to Aldere' by the lack of
                                field grass and weeds.

                                1320 Scrub

                                       A mixed stand of small woody plants without evidence of cutting
                                where field grass is not in evidence and woody vegetation is prevalent.
                                Scrub can be distinguished from "Reverting Field" by the lack of field
                                grass and weeds.

                                1330 Insect.or Disease Damaged Land

                                       An area of forest trees predominantly damaged by insect pests or
                                disease. These areas may be distinguised by groups of trees without foliage,
                                that are dead when surrounding conditions appear normal. Insect or disease
                                damaged forest land may also be distinguished by an interspersion of defoli-
                                ated, and dead trees with normal, healthy trees.

                                1340 Burned Areas

                                       An area that has been burned with conspicuous loss of forest trees and
                                crown cover. It is an area of burned trees where all or most trees are dead.
                                Patches of exposed mineral soil or boulders may be observed in these areas.

                                1350 Clear Cuts

                                       Land area where forest trees have been removed with less than 10 percent
                                of the forest cover remaining. Evidence of removal includes a pattern of "skid
                                roads" and "landings," as well as slash deposits. "Skid roads" are the paths
                                over which the timber is pulled, and "landings".are the temporary storage
                                locations for the timber where mineral soil has been exposed.

                                1360 Forest Nurseries

                                       Land area used for growing forest trees from seed that wi I I later be
                                transplanted into plantations. Forest nurseries show a pattern of beds, paths,
                                roads, piping and other accessories needed for the culture of trees.

               2000 AGRICULTURAL LAND

                       Agricultural land includes areas actively or recently utilized for the growth of food
               and fibre for man and livestock. These areas may be tilled, grazed, or managed for crops
               and usually are open fields or bare ground. Included are lands reverting to bush and forest
               that still may be distinguished from other categories by evidence of field grass and weeds.

                          2100 Active Agricultural Land

                                  Land actively managed to grow crops of food and fibre., This includes land
                          actively used for row crops, grains, grazing, berries, orchards, nurseries, and feed
                          lots.

                          2110 Tilled Land

                                  Agricultural land that shows indications of having been plowed and/or harrowed
                          because of the flatness of slope, and pattern of furrows. Included are cultivated field
                          grass or grain and row crop land.

                          2120 Field

                                  Agricultural field consists of grassland and uncultivated pasture or wild hayland.

                          2130,Blueberry Land

                                  Land predominantly covered with blueberry bushes and showing signs of being
                          managed, such as evidence of burning and/or a pattern of roads.

                          2140 Orchards & Vineyards

                                  Open land with a regular pattern of fruit trees and/or grape vinesbf uniform
                          height and spacing.

                          2150. Horticultural Nurseries

                                  Characterized by beds of closely spaced seedlings in association with areas of
                          widely spaced plants with a variety of sizes and shapes. There will also be pathst
                          roads, piping, ponds and other accessories needed for the growth and care of the plants
                          found in these areas.

                          2160 Barnyards and Feed Lots

                                  Enclosed areas for the holding of livestock and/or the gathering, feeding and
                          rearing of farm animals, usually associated with a farm type building.

                          -2170 Other

                                  Any other agricultural land cover type that may be distinguished by signs of
                          management.

                          2-200 Abandoned Agricultural Land

                                  Agricultural land that has been used in the past which is reverting to shrubs
                          and tree species. This category may be distinguished from forest land "scrub" by the
                          existence of field grass, and weeds and/or the remains of a regular pattern of field
                          boundaries. This general definition also includes abandoned agricultural -land being
                          reclaimed.

                                                               15-

                          2210 Abancloned Field Revertin'q to Softwoods

                                 Agricultural land that has reverted primarily to pine, spruce, fir, hemlock
                          or other softwoods.

                          2220 Abandoned Field Revertinq to Alders

                                 Agricultural land that has reverted primarily to Alders.

                          22 30 Abandoned. Field Reverting to Poplar

                                 Agricultural land that has reverted primarily to poplar.

                          2240 Abandoned Field Revertirig to Alder4pplar-Grjay Birch

                                 An abandoned field reverting to a mixed growth of Alder-Poplar-Grey Birch.

                          2250 Abandoned Field Reverting to_Mixed Growth

                                 An abandoned field revert-ing to a random mixture of trees, bushes and shrubs.

                          2260 Abandoned Agricultural Land Being ReWmed

                                 Abandoned agricultural land in the process of being cleared evidenced by the
                          cutting, piling, and bulldozing of trees, bushes and shrubs.

                          2-270 Abandoned Orchard

                                 Land evidencing regular patterns of fruit trees and/or grope vines of uniform
                          height and spacing in which extensive undergrowth indicates a lack of management.

                          2280 Blueberry Land - Unmanaged
                                 Land predominantly cove@ red with blueberry bushes showing no signs of mana-
                          gement such as roads or burning.

                 3000 WETLANDS*

                          Inland and coastal areas characterized by a waterlogged soil. This soil may be reg-
                 ularly or permanently flooded by up to three feet of water. Any forest types associated with
                 wetlands are to be either coded as a forest type (see Forestland) or as wetland (see Wetland).
                 In wetlands, herbaceous vegetation characteristic of aquatic conditions as wel I as drier site
                 grasses such as sedges and rushes may be observed. Various wetland types are likely to occur
                 along the peripheries of open fresh water. These should be delineated and typed, scale
                 permitting. (This category excludes wetland Type 5, Inland open fresh water and wetland
                 type 14, Coastal open fresh water. These are included in the open fresh water category).

                   Additional clarification of Wetland characteristics can be found in Inland Fisheries and
                   Game's, "Manual for Maine Wetlands Inventory."

                                                             16-

                          31.00 Inland Fresh Wetlands

                          -      Inland fresh wetlands are wetlands influenced by fresh non tidal water.
                         These areas consist of flat areas of waterlogged soils. These soils may be regularly
                         or permanently flooded by up to three feet of fresh water. Characteristic vegetation
                         consists of grasses, shrubs, sedges, rushes! tamarack, black spruce, balsam firs,
                         red maple and black ash. Alder, willow and dogwood may predominate in the
                         drier areas. (Wetland type 5. "Inland Open. Fresh Water" is excluded from the
                         wetland categories).

                                 3110 Seasona I I y F I coded Basi ns or F I ats*

                                         These flats occur in upland depressions, wh ich may fill with water
                                 during periods of heavy rain or melting snow, and along,river courses, where
                                 flooding ordinarily occurs in late fall, winter or spring. The soil is covered
                                 with water or is waterlogged during variable seasonal periods, but is generally
                                 well drained during the growing season. Herbaceous vegetation, characteristic
                                 of aquatic and drier site conditions such as grasses, sedges and rushes, pre-
                                 dominate in these areas.

                                 3120, Inland Fresh Meadow (Type

                                         These meadows often fill shallow lake basins or potholes. They may
                                 also be found bordering the landward.side of shallow marshes. The soil is
                                 waterlogged to within a few inches of the surface during the growing seasons.
                                 Characteristic vegetation include's various aquatic grasses, sedges and rushes.

                                 3130 Inland Shallow Fresh Marsh (Type

                                         Shallow marshes may nearly fill shallow lake ba'sins or potholes, or they
                                 may border the landward side of deep fresh marshes occupying such depressions.
                                 The soil, normally waterlogged during the growing season, may be flooded with
                                 as much as six inches of water. Common plant species found in northern regions
                                 are plume grass, rice cutgrass, carex and giant burreed. Various other marsh
                                 plants (cattails, arrowheads, pickerelweed and smartweeds) may also be found.
                                 Hummocks are generally characteristic of these wetlands in contrast to Inland
                                 deep fresh areas.

                                 .3140 Inland Deep Fresh Marsh (Type 4)

                                         These marshes often occupy shallow lake basins and potholes or they
                                 may border open water occurring in such areas. The soil is- covered with six
                                 inches to three feet of water during the growing season. The vegetation is
                                 interspersed with open water and consists mainly of cattails, plume grass,
                                 spikerushes in the shallow areas and wild rice, pondweeds, duckweeds coon-
                                 tail and spatterdock in the deeper, open areas..

                  The term, "type," refers to wetland types as identified in the "Manual for Maine Wetlands
                  I nventory.

                                                               17-

                                 3150 Shrub Swomp,(TXpe 6)

                                         Shrub swamps occur primarily along sluggish streams. The soil is
                                 generally waterlogged, but many be covered with a foot or more of water.
                                 Alder and dogwood predominate on the drier soils. Willow,'buttonbush
                                 and sweet gale characterize the wetter sites.

                                 al.60 Wooded Swamp (Type 7)

                                         These swamps occur along sluggish streams, on flat uplands, and in
                                 shallow lake basins and potholes. The soil is normally waterlogged but may
                                 be seasonally covered wit 1h as much as one foot or more of water. (When
                                 such areas are flooded for a period of one or more years, the trees die and
                                 the site reverts to a meadow association). Northern swamps are composed
                                 of tamarack, block spruce, balsam fir, arborvitae (cedar), red maple, and
                                 black, ash. The coniferous swamps usually have a thick carpeting of mosses,
                                 deciduous swamps often support duckweeds, smartweeds, and other herbaceous;
                                 vegetation.

                                 3170 Bo_q (Type 8)

                                         Bogs occur most often in shallow lake basins, and potholes, along
                                 sluggish streams, and on flat uplands. The soil is generally saturated and
                                 supports a spongy ground-cover of mosses or other plant material. Vegetation
                                 may be woody, herbaceous and interspersed with open water. Northern
                                 representatives include Labrador-tea, leatlier-leaf, cranberries, carex,
                                 cottongrass, sweet gale and sphagnum moss. Stunted black spruce and
                                 tamarack may also occur.

                        3200 Coastal Wetlands

                                 Coastal wetlands are salt and fresh water wetlands influenced by tidal action.
                         Wetland type 19, (tidal flats) and Wetland type 14, "Coastal open fresh water" are
                         excluded from coastal wetland categories.

                                 32-10 Coastal Shallow Fresh Marsh (Type 12)

                                         These marshes occur along tidal rivers and abut or are adjacent to
                                 the landward side of deeper marshes. The soil is waterlogged and may be
                                 flooded with as muc 'h as six inches of water at high tide. Vegetation con-
                                 sists of various grasses and sedges, cattails, arrowheads, smartweeds, and
                                 arrow-arum.

                                                               18

                             3220 Coastal Deep Fresh Marsh Qype, 13)

                                     These deep marshes occur primarily along tidal rivers. During the
                             growing season the soil is covered with six inches to three feet of water at
                             average high tide. Common plants found are cattails,.wild rice, pickerel-
                             weed, and spatterdocks; pondweeds, widgeon grass, and other submersed
                             species often occur in marsh openings.

                             3230 Coastal Salt Marsh (Type, 16)

                                     Salt meadows border the landward side of salt marshes, or open water.
                             the soil 'is always saturated during the growing season but is rarely inundated
                             by tidal water. Indigenous plant species are salt meadow cordgrass (Spartina
                             patens) and block rush; common three-square occurs in fresher areas.

                             3240 Regularly Flooded Salt Marshes (Type 18)

                                     Salt marshes occur most often along coastal bays. At avWge higb
                             tide during the growing season, the soil is covered with six inches or more
                             of water. The predominant plant species is saltmarsh cordgrass (Spartina
                             alterniflora). Open water areas often support widgeon gross, eelgrass, and
                             Sago'pondweed.

                             3300 Intertidal Watrers

                             Land located between high and low tide water levels excluding coastal marshes
                     and meadows (3200). This category includes Type 19 (Tidal flats) included in categories
                     3310 and 3320 below.

                             3310 Unvege.tated Tidal Flats

                                     A wide expanse of intertidal area ranging from a blue clay color to
                             a sand color with possible small isolated areas of vegetation. However, the
                             overall impression is of a non-vegetated area. Near the low tide level,
                             boulders, cobbles and large fragmented rocks may be observed.

                             3320 Vegetated Tidal Flats

                                     A wide expanse of intertidal flats characterized by vegetative cover.
                             Although large isolated areas may be without vegetation, the general impression
                             is one of continuous vegetative cover. Fragmented rocks, cobbles and boulders
                             with vegetative cover may be observed near the low water mark. The vegetation
                             covering these flats may consist of intertidal eelgrass, rockweed or algae.
                             Such vegetation distinguishes these flats from coastal marshes and meadows (3200).

                                                             19-

                                3330 Unvegetated Ledge

                                        An intertidal area consisting of bedrock outcroppings without
                                vegetation.

                                3340 Vegetated Ledge

                                        An intertidal area consisting of bedrock outcroppings with vegetation
                                near the low water mark.

                                3350 Unvegetated Rocky   Shore

                                        A steep intertidd area consisting of large aggregates of boulders,
                                rocks and cobbles.

                                3360 Vegetated Rocky Shore

                                        A steep intertidal area consisting of vegetation covering large aggre-
                                gates of boulders, rocks and cobbles.

                                3370 Sand or Gravel Beach

                                        A gently sloping area consisting of sand, gravel or cobbles without
                                vegetation. This sand or gravel beach may progress toward a mud tidal flat.

                                3380 Other

                                        All other intertidal areas not defined by the previous categories or by
                                the "Coastal Wetlands"  Categori es.

                 4000 SURFACE WATER

                        Land covered by water most or all of the year. This category contains those portions
                 of rivers, streams, lakes, ponds, beaver flowages, bays and estuaries tha,t are free of vegetation.
                 This category includes wetland type 5, "I'niand open fresh water", and wetland type 14,
                 "Coastal open fresh water". Various wetland types are likely to occur along the peripheries
                 of open fresh water. These should be delineated and typed as wetlands if imagery and scale
                 permit.

                        4100 FlowinIg Water

                                A surface water within a stream channel that has a perceptibl e f low. Such
                        waters are commonly referred to as rivers, streams and brooks. A stream channel is
                        a channel between observed banks created by the action of surface water. It is
                        characterized by the lack of vegetation, and the presence of a bed devoid of top-
                        soil, but comprised of waterborne deposits or parent material.

                                                             _20-

                             4110 River

                                     A flowing water down stream from the point of which it provides
                             drainage for a watershed of 25 square miles or more.

                             4120 Stream

                                     A permanently flowing water that drains less than 25 square miles of
                             land. This includes any flowing water area upstream from the point at which
                             it becomes a river.

                             4130 Intermittent Brooks

                                     A stre a*m channel carrying water only during a part of the year.

                     4200 Standing Waters

                             A body of surface water that has no perceptible flow and is relatively permanent
                     in nature. Such bodies of water are commonly referred to as man-made or natural lakes
                     or ponds. Major beaver flowages should also be classified in.this category.

                             4210 Lake (Great Pond)

                                     An open, standing body of non7vegetated water larger than 10 acres
                             in size. Various wetland types are likely to occur along the peripheries of
                             open fresh water. These should be delineated and typed as wetlands if imagery
                             and scale permit. Wetland type 4 is excluded "Deep fresh marsh." This wet-
                             land type may be found under cover category 3140, " Inland deep fresh marsh."

                             4220 Pond (Minor-Surface')

                                     The definition of a pond is the same as a lake except it is less than
                             1.0 acres in size.

                             4230 Beaver Flowage

                                     A pond characterized by impoundment by a beaver dam.

                     4300,Tidal.Waters

                             Waters that customarily ebb and flow as a result of tidal action.

                             4310 Bas and Estuaries

                                     Tidal waters partially enclosed by river banks or headlands with a
                             peripheral vegetation characteristic of the marine (saltwater) environment.

                             4320 Coastal qpen Fresh Water

                                     Tidal fresh waters occurring in tidal rivers with a peripheral vegetation
                             characteristic of fresh water.

                                                           -21

                                  4330 Open Marine Waters

                                         Water areas seaward from those areas classified as bays and estuaries.

                  5000 BARREN LAND

                          Barren land has little or no vegetation or other permanent signs of life. This may be
                  because the land is naturally unsuited for'plants or permanent man-made structures, or because
                  the land has been stripped bare by man..

                          5100 Naturally E.)Sposed Land

                                  Naturally exposed land lacks vegetative cover because naturally occurring
                          conditions prevent the establishment of such a cover. If development were to occur'
                          on such barren land, the land would be classified according to the type and density
                          of development. Naturally exposed land can be further classified according to the
                          nature of the material which is@exposed.

                                  5110. Bed rock

                                         A bare, solid rock or ledge.

                                  5120 Gravel

                                         An unconsolidated, loose material made up of stones or pebbles.

                                  5130 Sand

                                         An  unconsolidated or loose material made up of sand grains.

                                  5140 Boulder Fields

                                         Land surface areas which are covered only by rocks that are larger
                                  than 3" in diameter.

                                  5150 Rock Slides

                                         Undeveloped and unvegetated land surface areas which are covered
                                  by talus, or rock fragments which have fallen from a cliff or steep slope.

                                  5160 Other Naturally Exposed Land

                                         Other naturally exposed lands are identified by exposed materials not
                                  mentioned above. Such materials might include silt, clay, mud, etc. not
                                  identified in other categories of the land cover code.

                                                            -22 -

                                5200 Unnaturdl!y. F_@_poseO Land

                                        Land areas which have lost their vegetative cover due to man's
                                construction or mining activities. Such areas can be distinguished from
                                naturally exposed areas by evidence of bull-dozing operations, digging,
                                blasting or dumping of fill.

                                5210 Cleared Land

                                        Land areas-from which all vegetation has been cleared and where
                                the soi Ihas been exposed. This category includes lands which are temporarily
                                bare or on which -.development is starting. In many cases this land type would
                                represent a temporary situation, being followed closely by construction of
                                buildings, parking lots or roads. When a sparse pattern of weeds and brush
                                may be observed, this area should be classified as "Cleared Land." When
                                the growth is sufficiently dense, this area should be placed in the appropriate
                                land cover category.

                                5220 Quareies or open pit mines

                                        Land areas that are characterized by a bare bedrock surface which
                                has been obviously blasted., dug or cut for removal of stone or minerals. In
                                Maine, the most prevalent quarries are granite and limestone quarry operations.
                                Note that shaft mining operations do not influence the character of the land
                                surface in the same manner as stone quarries and open pit mines. Service and
                                maintenance structures located on the surface that are connected with shaft
                                mining operations may be classified as "Urban or Built-up Land," (6000).Spoil
                                and tailings, if any, should be classified as "Other" (5260).

                                5230 Sand or Gravel Pits

                                        Areas where excavations have been made for the purpose of removing
                                sand or gravel for construction purposes.

                                5240 Strip Mines

                                        Excavations which have removed surface    vegetation and soil cover
                                for the purpose of removing shallow subsurface minerals.

                                5250 Sand or Gravel Fill

                                        Land areas composed of loose unvegetated construction fill brought to
                                the site. These areas may be distinguished by an unnatural landform rising
                                above the natural elevation of the surrounding land.

                                5260 Spoil or Tailings

                                        Accumulations of waste materials separated from ore rocks associated
                                with mine operations.

                                                                23 -

                               5270 Other

                                       All other materials not covered in the above categories.

                6000.URBAN OR BUILT-UP LAND

                        Urban or Built-Up Land is composed of areas where the major factors which determine
                the character of the land surface are mani,s structures, facilities, unnatural surface materials,
                and the construction and continuous use of such facilities. Included in this category are cities,
                towns, villages, strip developments along highways, transportation, power and communications
                facilities, industrial parks, mills, parking lots, shopping centers, recreation facilities, mining
                facilities and structures, and associated land such as lawns, yards, gardens and other similar
                areas. In some situations, small blocks of undeveloped land may be isolated (surrounded on
                all sides) in the midst of built-up areas. In most cases these should be included in the Urban
                .or Built-up category as open space within the developed area. This judgmentl however, will
                depend on the scale and needs of mapping. Similarly, individual small buildings and associa-
                ted land areas or small roads, which are isolated amidst an expanse of forestland, wetland,
                barren land or agricultural land need not be placed in the Urban or Built-Up category unless
                the scale of mapping is such that the developed land can be mapped as a distinguishable unit.
                The Urban or Built-Up category takes precedence over others when the criteria for more than
                one category are observed. For instance,@ a built-up areas that has sufficient tree cover to
                meet "Forest Land' criteria would be classified as "Urban or Built-Up."
                        Once an area has been categorized as "Urban or Bui It-Up Land," that area can be
                further classified by the nature of the development such as Buildings and Structures, Pavement
                and Transportation Facilities, Rights-of-Way or Pipelines and Open Land.

                        6100 Buildings and Structures

                               This category includes all land areas within the "Urban or Built-Up" category
                        in which the land is dominated by buildings (houses, barns, garages, stores, factories,
                        etc.), structures (towers, machines,. silos, grain elevators and so forth) and the associated
                        areas directly influenced by the construction and use of the buildings and structures
                        (maintained yards, lawns, gardens, and driveways, etc.) An area defined as "buildings
                        and structures" may include patches of other land types (forest land, agricultural land,
                        etc.) that are too small to be delineated.

                               Once an area has been properly classified as "Urban or Built-Up Land-Buildings
                        and Structures," that area can be 'further qualified according to the density of buildings
                        and structures with their associated land. The map scale will determine the extent to
                        which buildings and structures and associated land can be interpreted as dominating
                        the -land surface. (Please see, "Introduction.") We realize that specific coverage
                        densities for each of the following density categories can eventually be more accurately
                        defined according to the percentage of structural coverage within each density. However,
                        photo interpreters have not as yet had enough experience in working with this classifica-
                        tion system to allow such a specific breakdown at this time.

                                                            -24-

                               6110 Low Densit

                                       Built-up areas with a sparse pattern of buildings and structures sep-
                               arated by large areas of associated land and/or small patches of other types
                               -(See definition 6100). The interpreter must avoid including land which is so
                               sparsely developed as to include mappable areas in which buildings, struc-
                               tures and associated land are not the dominant characteristics of the land
                               surface.

                               6120 Medium Density

                                       Built-up areas where buildings and structures are. located rather close
                               to one another but are separated by associated land which is vegetated (lawnsf
                               trees, etc.) Medium density areas would normally include groups of closely
                               related structures as in village centers, subdivisions or urban fringe areas.

                               6130 High Densit

                                       .Urban areas.dominated by buildings and structures which are located
                               directly adjacent to one another and where virtually no traces of vegetation
                               can be seen between buildings or between buildings and pavement. This
                               situation usually occurs in industrial or commercial downtown areas and along
                               some strip developments, Small. roads and parking lots can. be distinguished
                               separately as "Pavements and Transportation Facilities" (6200) if the scale of
                               imagery and maps is sufficient to oermit this. If the scale is not sufficient,
                               however, service roads should be includedwithin the "buildings -and structures -
                               high density categories".

                       6200 Pavements and Transportation Facilities

                               Includes roads, highways, parking lots, railroads, air strips and associated
                       land such as median strips and shoulders of roadsk highways, runways, service roads
                       and similar areas. When map and-imagery scale is insufficient to permit delineation
                       of roads, they should be included in the adjacent cover types.

                       6300 Rights-of-Wqy -or Pipelines

                               Continuous paths or strips of scrub, field or other land cover types where the
                       'vegetation has been controlled for utility, pipe, power and/or communication lines.

                       6400 Open

                               Urban or built-up areas which have been altered or developed for a relatively
                       intensive use which does not require buildings, structures, pavement or other facilities.
                       Open lands can be characterized by being vegetated or non-vegetated. Associated
                       buildings and structures may be included within the open land category when the map-
                       ping scale is insufficient to permit their separate delineation as buildings and structures
                       (6100).

                                                              -25 -

                         6410.Trash and Debris

                               Areas covered by an accumulation of items dispersed in random
                         patterns. This would include areas such as junkyards and dumps.

                         6420 Vqgetated

                               Open land within urban or built-up areas that is vegetated. This
                         would include areas.such as golf courses, cemeteries, urban parks, ski slopes,
                         etc.

                         6430 Other

                               Other urban b.uilt-.up-open land which is not appropriately defined
                         by any of the above categories.

             7000 MISCELLANEOUS

                   Land cover not appropriately defined by any of the above categories

                   7100 Coastal Scrub

                         Areas of low herbaceous growth.with no signs of forest trees having occupied
                   the site. This situation occurs on exposed coastal lands and islands.

                   7200 Other

                         Other land cover not appropriately defined by any of the above categories.

                                              -26

                                       COASTAL ZONE
    					     INFORMATION CENTER

    									3 6668 00003 0710