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		<mainTitle nfc="0"><title>1988 Holly Ridge land use plan</title>/<respStmt>prepared for the Town of Holly Ridge, with assistance provided by Stephenson and Associates.</respStmt></mainTitle>
		<titleVariant type="cover"><title>Town of Holly Ridge 1988 land use plan</title></titleVariant>
		<titleVariant type="portion"><title>Holly Ridge land use plan</title></titleVariant>
	</titleStmt>
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		<corpAuthor><name>Stephenson and Associates.</name></corpAuthor>
	</authorStmt>
	<imprint>[<pubPlace>Greenville, N.C.</pubPlace>] :<pubName>Stephenson and Associates</pubName>,[<pubDate>1989</pubDate>]</imprint>
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			<subject cat="top">Land use</subject>
			<subject cat="geo">North Carolina</subject>
			<subject cat="geo">Holly Ridge</subject>
			<subject cat="gen">Planning.</subject>
		</locClass>
		<locClass>
			<subject cat="top">City planning</subject>
			<subject cat="geo">North Carolina.</subject>
		</locClass>
		<locClass>
			<subject cat="geo">Holly Ridge (N.C.)</subject>
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<text xml:space="preserve">
<pb n="1" />

                DGLE
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                       TOWN
                                  F
                OLLY IDG

                           1988
                                          COASTAL ZGN ; E

                                       INFORMATION CENT-EER

                LAND S

      HD
      211
       H6
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                             0

                                      u
                         PLAN

      @6        STEPHENSON &amp; ASSOCIATES
      1989   L             greenvi I le, nc
<pb n="2" />

                                                           Property of csc library                                                                                                        Library

                                                       1988 HOLLY RIDGE LAND USE PLAN

                                                           U.s. department OF COMMERCE NOAA
                                                           COASTAL services CENTER
                                                           2234 SOUTH Hobson AVENUE
                                                           CHARLESTON, sc 29405-2413

                                                 Prepared for the Town of Holly Ridge

                                                         With assistance provided by

                                                           Stephenson and Associates
                                                   A subsidiary of Aqquasystems, Inc.
                        Environmental Research Planningand Management Consultants
                                                           Greenville, North Carolina

                            Adopted by the Holly Ridge Town Board on April 25, 1989

                   Certification by the North Carolina Coastal Resources Commission

                                                                  on May 26, 1989

             The preparation of this document was,financed in part through a grant
             provided by the North Carolina Coastal Management Program, through
             funds provided by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended,
             which is administered by the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource
             Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administaration.
<pb n="3" />

                              1988 HOLLY RIDGE LAND USE PLAN

                                 HOLLY RIDGE TOWN COUNCIL

                                 Herman G. Alberti, Mayor
                             Joseph L. Edwards, Mayor Pro   Tem
                                        Mu.rray Fisher
                                         W.L. Sholar
                                     Gregory L. Hines
                                    Kenneth.W. Williams

                                 HOLLY RIDGE ZONING BOARD

                                   Mary Piner, Chairman
                                        Elmer Padgett
                                         James Pate
                                        Richard Royal
                                        David Guthrie
                                      Charles Duncan

                              HOLLY RIDGE TOWN ADMINISTRATION

                                 Billy Joe Farmer, Manager
                               Jo Ann Odum, Finance Officer
                          Brenda Padgett, Zoning Administrator

                                   TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE

                   Dr. Richard A. Stephenson, AICP, Planner-in-Charge
                            Bruce C. Payne, Planning Associate
                           Richard E. Hall, Planning Associate
                          Thomas H. Chaney, Planning Associate,
                             Hardee R. Cox, Chief Cartographer
                      Stacy Ann Stephenson, Cartographic Assistant
                              Mary Ann Stephenson, Secretary
                   Stephenson &amp; Associates, Greenville, North Carolina
<pb n="4" />

                                             CONTENTS

                                                                                page

       I.       Introduction                                                      1
       II.      Data'Collection and Analysis                                      3
                       A)  Regional Setting                                       3
                       B)  Population                                             4
                       C)  Economy                                                4
                       D)  Population and Economic Trends                         8
                                1) Population Projections                       11
                       E)  Income                                               11
                       F)  Summary                                              12
       III.     Existing Conditions                                             13
                       A)  Existing   Land Use                                  13
                       B)  Constraints: Land    Suitability                     15
                                1)   Hazard Areas                               15
                                2)   Soil Lim-itations                          15
                                3)   Sources  of Water  Supply                  15
                                4)   Slope                                      16
                                5)   Fragile, Areas                             16
                                6)   Resources Potential                        16
                       C) Constraints: Capacity of Community
                            Facilities
                                1)   Water System                               16
                                2)   Wastewater System                          16
                                3)   Schools                                    17
                                4)   Roads                                      17
                                5)   Fire and Rescue                            17
                                6)   Recreation                                 17
                                7)   Medical Services                           17
                                8)   Solid Waste                                18
                                9)   Police                                     T8
                                10)  Summary                                    18
       IV.      Current  Plans, Policies and Regulations                        19
                       A)  Prior Land Use Plans                                 19
                       B)  Building Code                                        19
                       C)  Subdivision Regulations                              19
                       D)  Zoning Ordinance                                     19
                       E)  Current Policies and their Status on
                             Implementation                                     19
                                Resource Protection Policies                    19
                                Resource Production and Management
                                  Policies                                      21
                                Economic and Community Development
                                  Policies                                      22
       V.       Holly Ridge Issues, Policies and Implementation                 25
                       A) Resource Protection Issues, Policies and
<pb n="5" />

                          Implementation                                  25
                              1)  Soils                                   25
                              2)  Groundwater Protection                  26
                              3)  Great Sandy Run Pocosin Protection      26
                              4)  Storm Water Runoff Quality              27
                              5)  The Preservation of Camp Davis          27
                              6)  Sand Quarrying                          27
                              7)  Effectiveness of the Sewage
                                   Treatment Plant                        28
                              8)  Preserving Forested Areas               28
                     B)  Resource Production Issues, Policies and
                          Implementation                                  28
                              1) Great Sandy Run Pocosin                  28
                              2) Recreation                               29
                              3)  Farmland                                29
                              4)  Residential and Commercial Growth       29
                     C) Economic and Community Development Issues,
                          Policies and Implementation                     30
                              1)  Town Growth                             30
                              2)  Commercial Growth                       30
                              .3) Industrial Growth                       30
                              4)  Town Appearance                         31
                              5)  Commitment to State and   Federal
                                   Programs                               31
                              6)  Energy Facility Siting                  31
                              7)  The Expansion of Camp LeJeune           32
                              8)  Providi-ng Services for Development     32
                              9)  Attracting People to Locate in
                                   Holly Ridge                            32
                              10) Annexation                              33
                              11) Housing Mix                             33
                     D) Public Participation    Issues, Policies and
                          Implementation                                  33
                     E) Hazard Mitigation Issue, Policy and
                          Implementation                                  34
                              1) Hazard Mitigation                        34
       VI     The Land Use Plan                                           35
                     A) Land Classification                               35
                              1)  Developed Land Use                      35
                              2)  Transition Land Use                     35
                              3)  Community Land Use                      35
                              4)  Rural Land Use                          35
                              5)  Conservation Land Use                   37
                     8) Spatial   Arrangment of Land Uses                 37
                              1)  Developed Areas                         37
                              2)  Transition Areas                        37
                              3)  Community Areas                         37
                              4)  Rural Areas                             37
                              5)  Conservations Areas                     38
                     C) Relationship of Policies and Land Use
                          Categories                                      38
                              1) Resources Protection Policies as
                                   Related to Land Use                    38
<pb n="6" />

                               2) Resources Production Policies as
                                     Related to Land Use                      38
                               3) Economic Development as Related to
                                     Land Use                                 38
                               Summary of Resources Protection Policies       39
                               Summary of Resource Production and
                                Management Policies                           40
                               Summary of Economic and Community
                                Development Policies                          41
       VII.    Conclusion                                                     42
                      Organization and Management for the
                       Land Use Plan                                          42
                      Summary                                                ..:43
       VIII.   Amending the Plan                                              44

       Appendix A - Storm Hazard Planning and Mitigation                      45
       Appendix B - State and Federal Development
                       Regulating Agencies                                    55

       List 'of Figures

       Figure  1   -  Holly  Ridge  Population Curve                           5
       Figure  2   -  Holly  Ridge  Population Breakdown                       6
       Figure  3   -  Holly  Ridge  Employed Persons by Class of Worker        7
       Figure  4   -  Holly  Ridge  Househo-ld Income in 1979                  9
       Figure  5   -  Holly  Ridge  Employed P-erso--ns by Industry           10
       Figure  6      Holly  Ridge  Existing Land Use                         14
       Figure  7      Holly  Ridge  Land Classification                       36

       List of  Tables

       Table  1    -  Acreage of Land Uses in Holly Ridge                     13
       Table  2    -  Land Uses in the Town's E.T.J.                          15
       Table  3    -  Summary of Resources Protection Policies                39
       Table  4    -  Summary of Resources Production Policies                40
       Table  5    -  Summary of Economic and Community Development
                       Policies                                               41
<pb n="7" />

                               HOLLY RIDGE LAND USE PLAN

                                   I) INTRODUCTION

            Planning is the process of bringing the future into the present, so
       that we can do something about it now. This is not an easy process for
       most people because it is difficult to visualize the futurei Also, we
       are uneasy about what the future may hold. At the same time, we know
       that by setting goals, we can be more efficient and effective as
       individuals. and in our community we can make it a better place in which
       to live, work and enjoy. We know that by planning now, our town will be
       more pleasant and enjoyable in the future. We can see that through
       proper planning, we can control our own community rather than having
       someone else do it for us. The@ consequences are simple, for it was
       written long ago that if we do not envision, we will certainly fail.
       This land use plan is the beginning of the envisioning process.

            Land use planning is at the very core of the town planning process.
       All other phases of town planning and management are performed to service
       the projected.land use pattern outlined in the land use plan. The
       existing land use pattern of Holly Ridge is the result of many years of
       intereaction between the human and natural resources in the town and the
       surrounding area. The land use plan can help keep the desired character
       of the Town of Holly Ridge, and at the same time guide growth and change
       in an acceptable manner, if allowed to do so. It is intended that this
       plan serve as a tool for growth to meet the needs of the people, both now
       and into the 21st century.

            Land use planning is based on many factors including topography,
       drainage, soils, existing uses of land, availability of town services,
       roads, population projections, trends in economic development, and future
       land use.needs. The coordination of all these factors is what planning,
       in general, is all about. Planning is essential to avoid the chaos
       typical of other coastal areas experiencing faster growth. But land use
       planning is not an end in itself. Although the plan allows for changes
       in the future, it must be implemented to receive the benefits from its
       adoption. All too often, the town board does not allow the planning
       process to function to its fullest extent. The town board needs to
       consult with the town planning board on every town issue presented in the
       land use plan. The planning board must respond to the needs of the town
       board by-providing information and recommendations related to their
       requests. Then, the town board will be able to make sound decisions, all
       of which affect the future of Holly Ridge.

            The land use plan is a requirement under the auspices of the North
       Carolina Coastal Area Management Act (NCAC, 1974, as amended)..and this
       document is in accordance with the land use planning guidelines
       (Subchapter 7B, Chapter 15). Notwithstanding the requirement by the
       State of North Carolina to accomplish a land use plan update every five
       years, the Holly Ridge Land Use Plan of 1988 is a document stating how
<pb n="8" />

      the  citizens intend to achieve success as a community far into the
      future. Further, the document is a commitment to achieve   the goals set
      ,forth as part of the comprehensive planning and growth management
      processes. Its success is directly related to citizen involvement in
      community affairs and how well the town's leadership responds to the
      tasks ahead.

                                          -2-
<pb n="9" />

                       11   DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS

       A) Regional. Setting

          Holly Ridge is located on a relict sand ridge which represents a
      period when sea level was much higher than it is.today. The average
      elevation of the town is sixty-six feet above mean sea level with the sea
      level slowly increasing at an increasing rate. By sitting on a high sand
      ridge the town is relatively well drained with-Kings Creek and Cypress
      Branch flowing toward Topsail Sound about two miles to the southeast.
      However, the north side of the town is fairly flat and standing,water can
      occur with prolonged rainfall. Originally Holly Ridge enjoyed a mixed
      oak and pine forest in addition to holly trees from which part of the
      town's name is derived. Because of the forest resources the town became
      important as a wood stop on the railroad about 1890. The town gained
      added importance in 1941 when it became the site of Camp Davis which
      opened in April of 1941 as an anti-aircraft training base. The town grew
      rapidly to accommodate the base, but in October 1944 the base closed as
      the war was waning. During the summer of 1945 the base reopened as a
      convalescent hospital and redistribution center. During the war Camp
      Davis had as many as 60,000 troops. The closing of the base prompted the
      town toreadjust in the post war years. It wasn't until after the
      hurricanes of the 1950's that more peopleliving farther inland began to
      look to- the beaches for relaxation and recreation. With the town located
      at.the crossroads of U.S. 17 and.N.C. 50, and where N.C. 50 terminates on
      Topsail Island, there was a small resurgence of economic activity.. In
      general, Holly Ridge as a site, is safe from storm waters. a pleasant
      environment with trees and good drainage, and enjoys a small town
      atmosphere.

          The situation or the relative location of Holly Ridge is one of a
      crossroads community. Holly Ridge is located about 20 miles southwest of
      Jacksonville and about 30 miles northeast of Wilmington. The Coastal
      Highway, U.S. 17, is its major transportation corridor. With the
      proximity of these two cities, Holly Ridge could enjo .y the benefits of
      providing housing in a small.,pleasant community near a@major port and
      industrial complex. With N.C. 50 bringing people from Gold-sboro. Kinston
      and Raleigh to Topsail Island, Holly Ridge could also become.more
      important.commercially by providing more goods and services to its local
      residents and the beach dwellers. With the completion of 1-40 from the
      west, Holly Ridge will be about twenty-five miles from another major
      transportation artery.

          At the present time Holly Ridge has the function of being a brief
      stop for people going to and from the beach. The completion of the high
      bridge on N.C. 210 has lessened the number of people using N.C. 50
      through Holly Ridge. However, the traffic on U.S. 17 has not decreased
      its intensity. Holly Ridge also has the function of providing a nice
      place to live for those who desire a small town environment in which to
      have a family or to enjoy retirement. In either case Holly Ridge needs
      to plan for its future in order to maintain or increase its vitality.
      Holly Ridge needs to better serve its small, local market area and expand

                                          -3-
<pb n="10" />

       its share of the surrounding market. At the present-F.-"'-a4--the market area
       which has half or more of the people trading in Holly Ridge reaches only
       two miles toward Wilmington and only a mile toward Jacksonville and Surf
       City. Holly Ridge could increase its market, area by providing additional
       retail activity for the beach residents since it would be safer for
       retail stores to be located away from, but nearby the beach.

        B) Population

           The Town of Holly Ridge waned in population from World War II until
       19,70. Since 1970 the town has had a modest population increase ('see
       Figure 1). The projection shows a continuous, but slow growth. The 1980
       population of 489 persons has increased to slightly more than 500 persons
       in 1987. Stump Sound Township, which contains Holly Ridge, grew the
       second fastest of the five townships in the county between 1970 and 1980.
       Most of this growth was attributed to the Sneads Ferry area according to
       the Onslow County 1986 Land Use Plan. White Oak Township grew the
       fastest.  The City of Jacksonville and Camp Lejeune are nearby
       and account for most of its growth as it does for the entire county.

           The growth of Holly Ridge in the immediate future will be      dependent
       upon,a modest natural increase of its present residents, the in-migration
       of new residents and those added'due to annexation by the town in the
       future. The question is whether-or not there will be an in-migration
       later on. If there is to be an in-migration there needs to be an effort
       in the community to prepare for it. Camp Lejeune may be expanding into
       the town by 1991. The part of the camp that is to be in the town is
       expected to@be a buffer zone. but this expansion will most likely put
       development pressure on the town. The expansion could create an -
       in-migration of population or because of potential environmental impact
       could push people out.

           The population distribution shows that the town presently has a small
       natural increase (see Figure 2). There should be some concern with
       respect to the age groups of 20-24, 25-29 and 30-34 year as these groups
       are less than they should be. It appears that Holly Ridge is losing its
       young people to college and jobs elsewhere after graduating from hig,h
       school. Also, with fewer females than males in these groups the
       population distribution shows a potential for a decrease in families.
       This is a common occurrence in many small towns throughout the nation.
       But what can Holly Ridge do to change the out-migration of young people?
       One way is to make the town more attractive for the young people to seek
       Holly Ridge as a home. This commonly means that a viable economy must be
       in place.

        C) Economy

           The economy of Holly Ridge has progressed greatly since the old
       railroad wood stop days of the 1890's. In,1980 there.were 181 workers
       residing in Holly Ridge. Of the total there were 132 who were private
       wage. self-employed or salary workers (Figure 3). The remaining workers

                                            -4-
<pb n="11" />

                                     FIGURE
                           HOLLY RIDGE' POPULATION CURVE
           -1100-

           1000-

           900-

           800-

           700-

       2
           600-

       0

           500-

           400-

           300-

           200-

           100
                   1950      1960       1970       1980      1985
                                        Year

                                                          Source: U.S. Census &amp;
                                                                  N.C. Office of State
                                                                  Budget &amp; Management

                                         -5-
<pb n="12" />

                                                    FIGURE 2

                                     HOLLY RIDGE   POPULATION BREAKDOWN
                                           PERSONS BY SEX AND AGE
              80-

              75-

              70-1

              65-

              60-

              55-

              50-

          cn

              45-

              40-

              35-

          0
          0   30-

              25-

              20-

              15-

              10-

                5-

               0
                   0-5    6-13 14-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75&amp;up
                                                 Age in Years
                                               Males          Females
                                           X
                                                      k
                                                                           INW
                                                                            \W

                                              -6-                   Source: 1980 Census of
                                                                             Housing &amp; Population
<pb n="13" />

                                             FIGURE 3

                                  HOLLY RIDGE EMPLOYED PERSONS

                             16 YEARS &amp; OVER BY CLASS OF WORKER

                          Class 1(5.9.156)

                                                                   Class 5(13.8%)

                     Class 2(13.3%)                     Class 4(10.5%)
                                Class 3(3.3z)

                                                   No. of
               WORKER CLASS                        WORKERS

            1) Private Wage &amp; Salary Worker          107
            2) Federal Government Worker             24
            3) State Government Worker                 6
            4) Local Government Worker               19
            5) Self-Employed Worker                  25

                                 Total  Workers      181

                                                                       Source: 1980 Census of
                                               -7-                               Housing &amp; Population
<pb n="14" />

       wage, self-employed or salary workers (Figure 3). Th4"@'r6maining workers

            were either local, state or federal government workers. This shows
       an acceptable balance as long as there is not an increase in government
       workers as related to the private sector employment. Unfortunately, the
       income levels are much lower-than they should, or could, be. For ,
       example, 44% of the 159 households had incomes less than $9,999 in 1979
       (see Figure 4).

                There are two small industries in the town, Holly Ridge Foods
       presently employs approximately 95 persons and'Thorn Apple Valley, a meat
       processing plant, now employs more than 500 persons. By comparing this
       employment of almost 600 persons in these two industries with the
       employed persons in Figure 5, it shows that a large percentage of people
       working in Holly Ridge apparently live outside the town. The primary
       reasons for this are believed to be insufficient housing and commercial
       activity in the town. This is a problem the town must deal with in order
       to accomodate growth, particularly for those age groups that are in the
       process of developing families. Most of the economic activity in the
       town takes the form of marginal retail establishments along the main
       highways. If it was not for the large number of vehicles using these
       highways, especially U.S. 17, the,town itself probably could not support
       all the retail activities. With the growth of the nearby beach
       communities, the highway retail establishments could be benefiting from
       the tourist trade if properly marketed.

                If and when Camp LeJeune expands toward the town it could
       greatly affect the local economy. Holly Ridge must keep in close contact
       with Camp Lejeune officials,so proper plans for the area are made.
       Construction is to begin sometime in the early 1990's.

                The economic future of Holly Ridge, like its population growth,
       is dependent upon the leadership of the town to improve housing, commerce
       and attractiveness. This means better opportunities for the people of
       Holly Ridge and the surrounding area.

             D) Population and Economic Trends

                The population of Holly Ridge in the future is expected to
       increase slowly. This is advantageous since it will allow the community
       to make periodic adjustments to accomodate the population increase with
       few, if any, problems. Holly Ridge has sufficient space to grow.
       Population increases will likely respond to economic activities in the
       surrounding area as well as in Holly Ridge itself. There must be a
       reason for people to live in Holly Ridge. If the town has a forward
       looking economy, opportunities for a livelihood, and a well kept
       appearance, the town will surely.increase in population. Thus, the
       population and economy can increase or decrease depending on the
       willingness, or the lack of it, by the town leaders and the citizens to
       make a commitment.

                The local economic base and employment picture is dependent upon
       manufacturing employers in the town and surrounding area. Also, it is
<pb n="15" />

                                                          FIGURE 4

                                                   HOLLY RIDGE HOUSEHOLD

                                                      INCOME IR 1979
               30-

                                                                                               No. of
                                                                     INCOME RANGE            Households

                                                                 #1.Less that $2500               18
                                                                 #2.$2500 to $4999                 7
               25                                                #3  $5000 to $7499               29
                                                                 #4  $7500 to $9,999"             17
                                                                 #5  $10,000  to $12,499           8
                                                                 #6  $12,500  to $14,999           9
                                                                 #7  $15,000  to $17,499          26
                                                                 #8  $17,500  to $19,999          14
                                                                 #9  $20,000  to $22,499          10
               20                                               #10  $22,500  to $24,999           9
                                                                #11  $25,000  to $27,499           3
                                                                #12  $27,500  to $29,999           1
                                                                #13  $30,000  to $34,999           .4
                                                                #14  $35,000  to $39,999           2
                                                                #15  $40,000  to $49,999           2
           0                                                    #16  $50,000  to $74,999           0
           -C
                                                                #17  $75,000  or more              0
               15-                                                   Median                  .$12,639
           0
           -r                                                        Mean                    $13,186

           0

           z

               10-

                 5-

                                                                              VA
                0
                     #1 j2 j3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9 #10 #11 #12                       #13  #14  #15 #16 #17
                                                       Income Range

                                                                            Source:   1980 Census of
                                                                                      Housing &amp; Population
<pb n="16" />

                                                FIGURE 5

                                     HOLLY RIDGE EMPLOYED PERSONS
                                    16 YEARS   &amp; OVER BY INDUSTRY

                                                               n us ry     9.9%)
                Industry 4(8.ft)

       Industry 5(5.5%)                                                       Industry 2(3.9%)

                                                                                  Industry 1(6.6%)

    Industry 6(9.9%)

          Industry 7(12.7%)                                                  Industry 12 (19.9%)

                     Industnryd 9(2 8%
                              u st 6; 10 @3. 3%)         Industry 11 (6.6%)

                                                                      No. of
             INDUSTRY                                                 WORKERS

          1) Agriculture, Forestry, Fisheries, &amp; Mining                  12
          2) Construction                                                  7
          3) Manufacturing                                               36
          4) Transportation                                              16
          5) Communication,   Other Public Utilities                     10
          6) Wholesale Trade                                             18
          7) Retail Trade                                                23
          8) Finance, Insurance, &amp; Real Estate                             0
          9) Business and Repair Services                                  5
         10) Personal, Entertainment, &amp; Recreation Services                6
         11) Professional and Related Services                           12,
                                                              1 d t

         12) Public Administration                                       36

                                                   Total Workers        181
                                                     -10-                          Source: 1980 Census of
                                                                                             Housing &amp; Pop.
<pb n="17" />

      Ridge. If this is done, it will allow a diversity aiF-@-' -loyment to. occur
      which will also improve the wage and salary structure in the community.
      Then, perhaps, the town will be more attractive for the youthful age
      groups to return or remain in town.

        E) Population Projections

          There are many different ways to project populations. In this land
      use plan the linear and exponential methods are used. A projection is
      made from each method-and then averaged.

          A linear projection gives the same result as if the population
      history for a given area was graphed And the line connecting the dots on
      the graph was continued at the same slope as a straight line.

          "Thomas Malthus, an English scholar whom everyone talks about and few
      have read, claimed that population tends to grow at a geometric rate. It
      compounds, like interest on money. The exponential curve portrays this
      idea, growth at a constant rate or percentage. which means that with each
      unit of time, the absolute addition to population gets bigger and bigger
      and bigger." (Donald A. Krueckenberg and Arthur L. Silversi 1974, URBAN
      PLANNING ANALYSIS: METHODS AND MODELS, New York, NY, p. 262.) This
      projection will give a higher estimate than a straight line.

          By averaging the two projections a mean can be achieved that is a
      fair estimate. It is difficult to forecast exactly what a population is
      going be in the future. The projections are as follows:

                LINEAR ESTIMATE FOR THE YEAR 2000; 521
                EXPONENTIAL-ESTIMATE FOR THE YEAR 2000;  583

                AVERAGE ESTIMATE FOR THE YEAR 2000; 552

          The population for Holly Ridge in the year 2000 is estimated to be
      552. This represents a 19% growth rate between 1980 and the year 2000.
      Since Holly Ridge has an unusual population history, the projections were
      derived from the growth'between 1970 and 1980 (see Figure 1). The town's
      estimated population can vary considerably. For example. the planned
      expansion of Camp Lejeun'e and the annexation of surrounding-areas will
      cause the population to vary from the estimate in this plan.
       F) Income'

          The town's income is somewhat diverse, and rather low. According to
      the 1980 census the median income was $12,639 per year and 31Z of the .
      town's population was below the poverty level. It is-not likely these
      values have changed since 1980. The census showed the.largest number of
      people to have an income between $5,000 to $7.499. The second largest
      was $15.000 to $17,499 and the third largest less than $2.500 (see Figure
      4)., This shows a wide range of income. The $5,000 to $7,499 income
<pb n="18" />

       range is the second lowest monetarily and largest irt-o-11"j@;er, and on.e of
       major concern.

          The tax base is expected to change with the expansion of Camp LeJeune
       and any annexation. In the case of Camp LeJeune  the land will be in
       public ownership and this does not necessarily contribute to the tax
       base. Also, if noise pollution from the base becomes excessive it can
       also have a negative effect on the town. A positive effect could be.
      ,increased demand for housing and trade. Also, this land use plan will
       help the town directly by*stating policies related to residential,
       commercial, and industrial development.                                    7

       G) Summary

          The Town of Holly Ridge shows a population and economic situation
       shared with many small towns across the nation. A population that is
       relatively static or'slightly increasing, and the continuing dilemma of
       low income for far too many families. Holly Ridge is more fortunate than
       many towns, in that the town unemployment rate is considered to be much
       lower-@than the average for the state which was 6.4% in 1981. Holly Ridge
       has the potential to vastly improve its economic situation.

                                         -12-
<pb n="19" />

                               III) EXISTING CONDITIONS

       A) Existing Land Use

            Holly Ridge has not had any significant changes in its land use
       during the past five years. Adjacent to the town toward the beach there
       has been some residential development-(see Figure 6).

            The land uses are mixed within the town and some of the industrial
       uses cause some compatability problems. Because of mixing and scattering
       different land uses there.are no well defined functional areas which is
       typical of small towns and hamlets. For example, old storage buildings
       are adjacent to residences. Further, the town has an older business area
       with mixed uses and some dilapidated structures along with newer
       development surrounding. the older section. Finally, there are a few
       structures remaining from Camp Davis that are scattered throughout the
       town. In the future, zoning districts should be established that will
       allow the town to become more structured.

            There is a need for additional housing in the town. At the present
       time there is vacant land available for residential development. At the
       present time, if one wanted to move into Holly Ridge it would be
       difficult in finding a suitable house or even a mobile home. People
       desiring to live in the area may not choose Holly Ridge as a place to
       live because of the lack of housing. More housing must be constructed in
       order to attract more people. Based on the population estimates the town
       W, 11 demand certain types and amounts of land uses in the future. Table
       I and 2 indicates this additional demand.

            Recent town growth has been scattered strip development along US 17
       and NC 50 which can develop into a major problem. Other than the
       highways and the downtown, development is somewhat sparse. The town has
       a large amount of vacant land to accommodate future growth. Future
       development should be more orderly since the town has adopted a zoning
       ordinance in addition to mobile home regulations in 1985 and subdivision
       regulations in 1987. Demand for future land uses will be moderate.

                                           TABLE 1

                           ACREAGE OF LAND USES IN HOLLY RIDGE

             Land Use           Present Acreage         % of Total       Future Demand

              Residential               62.4                12.9                 11.9
              Open Space                277.3               57.2                 N/A
              Commercial                  9.2                 1.9                1.8
              Industrial                16.5                  3.4                3.1
              Institutional               7.4                 1.5                1.4
              Vacant                    20.2                  4.2                N/A
              Roads and RR              90.0                18.6                 17.1

                               total 484.8                                       35.3

                                               -13-
<pb n="20" />

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      The Preparation of this documon t -as financed in part through a grant
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    provided by the North Carolina Coastal Management Program. through funds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    provided by.thde Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972. as amended, which is
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       ad-inist re by the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Managment.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administrat ion.

                                                                                                                                                       lo

                                                                                                                                                                                          -4"

                                                                                                                      A
                            HOLLY RIDGE
                            EXISTING LAND USE

                                  RESIDENTIAL
                            L0

                                  COMMERCIAL

                                  INDUSTRIAL                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Figure
                            E
                                  INSTITUTIONAL
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                                  AGRICULTURAL. FORESTS. OPEN SPACE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Staph:nsonfanduAssociateslnc.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              A subsidi ryo   Aq asystems,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Environmental Research; Planning and Management Consultants
                                     sc" , Fw                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    G reen,  Ia. florth Carolina
<pb n="21" />

                                      TABLE 2

                           LAND USES IN THE TOWN'S E.T.J.

              Land Use        Present Acreage       of Total        Future Demand

              Residential             64.2              1.6                  3.2
              Open Space             3675.5            93.5                  N/A
              Commercial              44.0              1.1                  2.3
              Institutional           22.0              0.5                  1.1
              Roads'and RR            126.6             3.2                  6.6

                                     ------                                 ----
                            total    3932.3                                 13.2

        B) Constraints: Land Suitability

         1) Hazard Areas

           At an elevation of about sixty feet Holly Ridge is not considered to
       be in a hazard area. Hazards such a flooding, earthquakes, snow and ice
       storms are rare. However, high winds, drought and tornados are possible.
       Erosion along drainageways,and creeks are common during intense rainfall.
       Man-induced hazardous waste dumping may have occured during the war, but
       the location of Camp Davis dump sites have not been investigated.

         2) Soil Limitations

           Most of the town's soils are poorly drained fine sands. The Leon
       soil series occupies a majority of the town's acreage. This is a poorly
       drained soil with a seasonal high water table within one foot of the
       surface. The soil has severe limitations for septic tank absorption
       fields and dwellings because of poor filtration and excessive wetness
       respectively. A severe limitation means that development activity will
       require moderate to major special planning, good design, and careful
       management to overcome the limitation. Other soils in the town have
       developmental limitations as well such as the Muckalee Loan soil series.
       For example, there are some very wet soils along the streams and along
       some deeply incised streams where the soils are very susceptable to
       erosion.

           It is fortunate that the town has wastewater and drinking water
       facilities, so these soil limitations are not much of a constraint to
       growth. Development outside of the town is affected much more by soil
       limitations since public wastewater and drinking water systems are not
       available. The town could expand their utilities to these areas.

           One must keep in mind that soil properties are site specific and
       there can be several different soils on one plot of land. An on-site
       inspection is needed to determine the limitations at each location. For
       more detailed soil information the Soil Conservation Service in
       Jacksonville should be contacted.

                                            -15-
<pb n="22" />

      3) Sources of Water Supply

          The Holly Ridge drinking water is presently supplied by the county's
      system which is obtained from wells. The town's wells are presently
      inoperable, but there are plans to reactivate the wells in the near
      future, and use the county water system in emergency situations only.

        4) Slope

          The lay of the land should not be a constraint to development in the
      town. The town is generally flat, although excessive erosion is occuring
      along streams which is caused by rapid runoff during heavy rains. This
      will increase with development and poor storm water management practices
      if not rectified through sediment control and proper storm drainage
      controls.

        5) Fragile Areas

          The town has no Areas of Environmental Concern. The only areas that
      can be considered fragile are the stream areas and remains of old Camp
      Davis as a historic site. The streams show considerable down cutting and
      should be protected. Most of Camp Davis except foundations of some of
      the buildings, is gone. The North Carolina Department of Cultural
      Resources stated that there were no known structures of historical or
      architectual importance located within the planning area. There are a
      few old buildings remaining from Camp Davis still standing in the town
      but these are dilapidated except for the Camp Davis Resturant.

          Outside the town toward the north is an upland swamp or pocosin which
      is a fragile wildlife habitat. This area should be protected.

        6) Resources Potential

          Holly Ridge is a small urban area with most of its resources
      potential in the surrounding unincoorporated areas of the county. The
      main resource near the town is the Great Sandy Run Pocosin which is
      approximately 63 square miles and has the potential of a protected
      wildlife habitat and for peat mining. This area is being considered for
      the expansion of Camp LeJeune.

       C) Constraints: Capacity of Community Facilities

        1) Water System

          The town presently purchases its water from the county. The county's
      system operates at an average of 81% capacity during its twelve hour
      pumping day. During peak periods the system must operate more than
      twelve hours per day to satisfy the demand.

          Holly Ridge is planning to put its water system back into operation.
      If this were to happen the town would use the county system as a back-up
      system in case of an emergency.

                                         -16-
<pb n="23" />

        2) Wastewater System

           The town's wastewater system is fairly new but because the old storm
      water system is mixing with the present system, it fills up to or over
      its capacity. The town has corrected this problem by decreasing its
      flow.

           In an area that has poor soils for septic tanks it is very important
      that the town have a good wastewater system. It is also important that
      the town continuously monitor the capacity of its wastewater treatment
      plant as annexation takes place.

        3) Schools

           The children in Holly Ridge attend Dixon Elementary and Dixon High
      School. These schools are substantially above capacity, as are most of
      the schools in tKe county. This is a problem that is being taken care of
      through the passage of a county bond issue for school expansion.

        4) Roads

           Two primary highways intersect in Holly Ridge. U.S. 17 is the main
      coastal thoroughfare in the eastern part of the state. Holly Ridge is
      one of only a few towns on U.S. 17 between Jacksonville and Wilmington.
      The highway design is adequate to handle additional traffic and the route
      is being expanded in town to provide parking.

           N.C. 50 is an important southeast to northwest thoroughfare in the
      area. This highway is one of two routes to Topsail Island which is a
      growing beach resort. The design capacity of this highway is sufficient
      so there are no plans for expansion. The other route is N.C. 210 which
      tends to divert some of the beach traffic around Holly Ridge.

           Half of the town's roads are rights-of-way, unimproved, unpaved, or
      in disrepair. This is an issue that the town must quickly address.

        5) Fire and Rescue

           The town has an excellent volunteer fire and rescue service. The
       ervice is more than adequate to handle fire and rescue emergencies in
      the foreseeable future.
      s

        6) Recreation

           The town has a small outdoor recreational area. It has a ball field
      and a small playground. An indoor recreation center to.be built by a
      group of citizens that would be located near the town is in the planning
      stage.

        7) Medical Services

           There is a small public clinic in the town and a hospital in
      Jacksonville. This hospital is the only facility in the county with
      twenty-four hour emergency service and it is between twenty to thirty
      minutes from Holly Ridge.

                                        -17-
<pb n="24" />

        8) Solid Waste

          T he town has a contract with a private firm to handle its refuse
      collection and disposal. The refuse is collected twice a week and taken
      to the county landfill. The landfill will approach capacity in the next
      few years but there is a large tract of land nearby that the county plans
      to use.

        9) Police

          There are presently 'two full time policemen and one part time officer
      making up the town's police force at the present time.

        10) Summary

          Holly Ridge presently has several problems which need to be solved.
      Several problems are at other governmental levels. The immediate local
      problems that need to be dealt with are; streets and roads, reactivation
      of the town well, improving storm water runoff, maintaining an adequate
      wastewater treatmemt system, housing, and commercial development.

                                         -18-
<pb n="25" />

                  IV) CURRENT PLANS, POLICIES AND REGULATIONS

          This section contains a summary of the conditions, plans and policies
      related to land use planning in the Town of Holly Ridge. All the items
      included in this section contribute to the overall town planning process.

       A) Prior Land Use Plans

          The town utilizes the 1981 CAMA Land Use Plan for land use
      information and policies. Once the 1988'land use plan is adopted, all
      aspects of it will supercede the 1981 Plan.

       B) Building Codes

          The town has a building code and it is enforced by the building
      inspector.

       C) Subdivision Regulations

          The town adopted subdivision regulations in May of 1987

       D) Zoning Ordinance

          The town has a zoning ordinance and it is working on extending the
      jurisdiction of zoning into the extraterr-itorial area.

       E) Current Policies and their Status on Implementation

          The policies prese nted in the 1981 CAMA Land Use Plan are indicated
      below as well as their present status on implementation.

          Resource Protection Policies:

        1) a) Policy: "There are no AEC's within the jurisdiction of the Town
      of Holly Ridge. The town is, however located near the coast and receives
      a great deal of through traffic as a direct result. Protection and
      management of estuarine AECs is important to Holly Ridge for this reason
      and because the town believes these areas to be important to all
      citizens.

          The policy of Holly Ridge is to support the coastal management
      program especially in regards to Areas of Environmental Concern. The
      town will implement this policy through its continued support and
      involvement in the program. Responsibility for action shall rest with
      the Mayor and Town Board."

           b) Status on implementation: This is an on going process.

                                        -19-
<pb n="26" />

        2) a) Policy: "Only two alternatives were considered by the town as
      reasonable. First was to take an inactive role in railroad actions and
      transports through town. The second was to support the railroad but only
      to the extent railroad actions and policies are supportive of
      environmentally safe operations. The town does not consider current
      traffic levels to create a hazard by dividing the town.

          The second policy was selected as most appropriate for the town of
      Holly Ridge. The railroad is a very important asset to the town and the
      town will continue to support the railroad provided all applicable health
      and safety regulations are complied with. The town does not nessarily
      oppose transport of any material through Holly Ridge provided the above
      condition has been adequately satisfied.

          The Mayor and Town Board shall be the persons responsible for
      implementing this policy."

           b) Status on implementation: This is an unchanging and on going.
      process, but the railroad tracks have been removed.

        3) a) Policy: "The policy of the town is to support the programs of
      the State and U.S. Soil Conservation Service insuring adequate soil
      conditions to the extent possible for future development in Holly Ridge.

          Appropriate uses are those which do not conflict with this policy by
      creating a hazard to the soils of Holly Ridge. No alternatives to this
      policy were considered.

          Implementation and enforcement of this policy shall be the
      responsibility of the town building inspector and the Onslow County
      Health Department."

           b) Status on implementation: The town's zoning ordinance and the
      county's septic tank regulations help to implement this policy. The town
      needs to improve its storm sewer system and to enforce the subdivision
      regulations in order to implement this policy. Subdivisio.n regulations
      were adopted in May of 1987.

        4) a) Policy: "The town policy is to insure the availability of fresh
      useable water from the aquifers providing the town's water supply. No
      alternatives to this policy were considered. Appropriate uses are those
      which would not endanger the town's water supply either from pollution or
      over use. If

           b) Status on implementation: There is no known pollution or over
      use of the groundwater. The town is taking steps to get its own water
      system back into operation so it will not have to purchase water from the
      county.

        5) a) Policy: "The town policy is to support the preservation of the
      pocosin (The Great Sandy Run Pocosin) in its natural state within the
      limited use of forestry. No alternatives to this policy were
      considered."

                                        -20-
<pb n="27" />

       b) Status on implementation: This is an on going process. The town
      must be-more vocal on this policy since Camp Lejeune might expand into
      the pocosin.

      6) a) Policy: "The town policy shall be to protect and preserve all
      structures identifed by the N.C. Division of Archives and History and any
      other structures subsequently identified, and to protect and preserve
      existing or potential archeological sites as identified by the Division
      or Holly Ridge. No policy alternatives were considered.

          Appropriate uses are those which in the opinion of, the Division Of
      Archives and History and/or the Town of Holly Ridge, will not endanger,
      destroy, or remove the historic value of the structure or site."

           b) Status on implementation: Since there are no sites or structures
      in the town listed on the National Register, this policy is an on going
      one. The town continues to try to get some sort of historic site
      declared for Camp Davis.

          Resource Production and Management Policies:

        1) a) Policy: "The town policy shall be to continue to support
      recreation but not through a financial contribution. The Mayor and Board
      of Commissioners shall be responsible for implementing this policy.
      Natural resource protection will be the responsibility of the various
      agencies and local governments controlling these areas. The Onslow
      County Recreation Department should be consulted for more information
      concerning specific recreation policies and programs in-the area..".

           b) Status on implementation: The town is in the process of
      developing an outdoor recreation area. There is also a group of
      concerned citizens from surrounding communities that has formed a group
      called Coastal Recreations, Inc. This group is attempting to construct
      an indoor recreation facility for the area. They already have received
      some donated land and are seeking funds for the, facility. This should
      help to serve the indoor recreation needs of the area.

        2) a) Policy: "As a policy the town supports the preservation of
      forestry lands and endorses the use of forestry management practices
      which will not substantially harm the natural environment. A slight
      exception or variation of this policy is the town policy to support land
      clearing provided the future use of the land will either improve the
      overall housing conditions, housing availability, or overall economic
      conditions of Holly Ridge. The town considers appropriate uses to be
      proven forestry, management practices which universally accepted or those
      uses proven to meet the policy exception.

          Alternatives to this policy considered were; (1) establish land use
      controls to prohibit development with forest lands; (2) permit
      unrestricted development or use through a no control policy; or (3)
      encourage development only where the overall housing or economic
      conditions of the town can be shown to directly benefit. The town
      believes the third alternative to be the most appropriate and insure the
      least interference with the private property rights and the needs of the
      town to grow.

                                        -21-
<pb n="28" />

           The policy objective will be implemented and enforced by the Town
       Planning Board using the existing town ordinances and Land Classification
       Map.11 b) Status on implementation: Since there has been 1   1ittle
       development in the town since the last plan, it is difficult to determine
       if this policy has been implemented. This policy is also on going.

           Economic and Community Development Policies

         1) a) Policy: "Holly Ridge supports and is actively seeking light
      .industrial development. The most desired industry is the relatively
       sm all employer providing approximately 25 to 100.high wage skilled
       positions. Ideally this type of industry would be clean, without fumes,
       noise, or other pollution*causing by product. Heavy industry employing
       large numbers of people with the accompanying environmental problems is
       not desired. The objective of industrial development is based on the
       desire of Holly Ridge to first provide jobs for County citizens and
       second to provide employment opportunities for new residents creating
       town growth. High    wage jobs are required to: 1) decrease the out
       migration of young   residents; 2) improve income levels within the area;
       and 3) reduce the    high percentage of substandard housing in Holly Ridge.
       These problems are   discussed in greater detail in the Description of
       Present Conditions   section of this plan. The only major employer located
       in the Holly Ridge   immediate area is Carolina Meat Processors. Major
       employers in Jacksonville and Wilmington are too distant to create growth
       in Holly Ridge under normal circumstances.

           The town feels to accomplish this objective through the use of
       various state and federal industrial location programs and the Onslow
       County Industrial Development Commission."

            b) Status on implementation: The town has not implemented this
       policy. Holly Ridge needs to take a more active role in marketing
       itself.

         2) a)  Policy: "The first priority for providing public services in
       Holly Ridge is with in the town limits. Currently only the fire and
       rescue services provide assistance to areas outside of town limits.
       Services normally provided town residents include:

                      1) Police Protection
                      2) Fire Protection
                      3) Water and Sewer Service
                      4) Emergency Medical Service
                      5) Garbage Collection

           With exception of water and sewer these services can easily be
       extended to serve new residents or industry. Sewer service cannot be
       increased or extended unless and until facilities proposed in the Holly
       Ridge 201 Facilities Plan are constructed. To date the project has not
       received funding from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency."

            b) Status on implementation: The town obtained funding from the EPA

                                            -22-
<pb n="29" />

      and FmHA for a sewage treatment plant and are planning to place the water
      system back into operation. Sewer and water services are provided to
      some people outside of the town limits along Route 50 toward Surf City.

        3) a) Policy: "Holly Ridge supports low to medium density urban growth
      within the town limits. The town believes any growth should improve on
      and change the dilapidated appearance of Holly Ridge. The town believes
      in existing patterns of residential and commercial development. The
      pattern of mixed land uses which now exist throughout the town will not
      be supported in future development however."

           b) Status on implementation: The town adopted a zoning ordinance in
      1985. Subdivision regulations were adopted in 1987. There has been
      little growth in the town since the 1981 Land Use Plan so it is difficult
      to see how well this policy has been carried out. However, there appears
      to be major problems with the zoning ordinance and its zoning districts.

        4) a) Policy: "Major areas and many structures in Holly Ridge are in
      need of redevelopment. The Town has not been financially able to
      undertake any redevelopment at its own expense. Attempts at obtaining
      federal redevelopment funds have not been successful. As policy the town
      will continue to seek outside funding assistance and will encourage and
      assist private redevelopment activities where possible."

      b) Status on implementation: This has not been done.

        5) a) Policy: "Holly Ridge is generally supportive of state and
      federal programs including erosion control, public water access, highway
      improvements, and construction, port facilities, dredging, military
      facilities, etc. There are no federal or state programs at present which
      create either overriding interest or concerns in Holly Ridge. Areas
      where state and/or federal programs assistance has or may be requested
      are:

                    1) EPA 201 Facilities Planning
                    2) Four Laning of US 17
                    3) HUD Community Development Block Grant Program
                    4) Restoration and Preservation of Camp Davis
                    5) Improvement of Railroad

          The Town is willing to commit resources to these projects if funds
      are available. Holly Ridge reserves the right to review and comment and
      to support or oppose other projects individually. The Town is an active
      member of the Neuse River Council of Governments and reviews all state
      and federal projects included under the A-95 Project Notification and
      Review System. All official comments are directed through the Town
      Clerk's Office."

           b) Status on implementation: The town obtained an EPA 201
      Facilities Planning Grant to construct a new sewage treatment plant. US
      17 is now a five lane highway and is being improved. The town has not
      received any assistance on items 3, 4. and 5 above.

                                         -23-
<pb n="30" />

        6) a) Policy: "Holly Ridge generally supports both Channel Maintenance
      and Beach Nourishment projects provided the benefits gained can be proven
      to be greater than the resulting cost whether financial or to the
      environment. There are no beaches or waterways in the Holly Ridge
      Planning Area, however.

          The Town supports the Corps of Engineers' program to maintain and
      improve the Intercoastal Waterway as an avenue of commercial and
      recreational traffic. Given the economic importance of the waterway,
      there is no real alternative to this position. Holly Ridge is interested
      since a great deal of traffic through the Town is directly related to the
      resources of the coast."

           b) Status on implementation: This is an on going process.

        7) a) Policy:   "Holly Ridge has no specific policy on energy facility
      siting or development at this time. Generally the Town would be
      supportive of such a facility locating in the area. Holly Ridge would
      not support the locating of a facility which could not provide reasonably
      adequate assurances for the future safety of citizens and/or natural
      resources of the area. The Town, for this reason, reserves the right to
      comment, support, or oppose any proposed facility on an individual
      basis."

           b) Status on implementation: This is an on going process.

        8) a) Policy: "Holly Ridge does not receive substantial economic
      benefit from tourism. Tourism because of the town's location is a
      potential untapped resource. The policy of the town is to support any
      efforts to increase the benefits of tourism to Holly Ridge.

          Beach and Waterfront access are not issues in Holly Ridge since no
      beach or waterfront of any type is within the town's jurisdiction,
      although one of two access routes to Topsail Island is through Holly
      Ridge."

           b) Status on implementation: The town has not taken enough action
      to market tourists for the town on their way to the beach or along U.S.
      17.

                                         -24-
<pb n="31" />

             V. HOLLY RIDGE ISSUES, POLICIES, AND IMPLEMENTATION

          The land use  issues of Holly Ridge can be resolved through strategies
       or policies. This provides a basic approach and a guide for solving land
       use issues before they materialize or become unsolvable. At the center
       of policy formulation is the town planning effort. The reasoning here is
       that the town planning board has the necessary resources to be the major
       source of data and information which is essential in determining issues
       and policies. Further, it is equally important to solicit public views
       on issues and related policies. The planning process allows this to
       occur most effectively.

          The formulation of policies, herein, is based on an open process of
       consultation, negotiation and compromise. The policies set forth in this
       plan are a result of this formulation process. There are twenty-five
       .sues each directly related to a single policy in the five land use
       policy categories. An overall policy was articulated for each which
       is

       represents a myriad of policy alternatives. Consequently, each issue has
       a related policy and a Way to implement it. In a word, an issue is
       resolved by a policy through an implementative process. This procedure
       is an improvement over having several policies for a single issue. and a
       hodge-podge of implementation mechanisms. Here in this plan, a single
       issue, with a single policy, and related implementation tasks are used.

          To successfully accomplish this land use plan we must decide on a
       ourse or courses of action. Through the policy statements, which
       indicate how we intend to solve the land use issues, we reveal our
       c

       prudence and wisdom in the planning and management processes of
       implementation. The land use Policies are divided into five categories:
       1) resource protection, 2) resource production, 3) economic development,
       4) public participation and 5) hazard mitigation.

          There are a number of policies that are to be addressed accourding to
       the CAMA Land Use Planning Guidelines (Subchapter 7B of the North
       Carolina Administrative Code). Since Holly Ridge does not have any Areas
       of Environmetnal Concern (AEC's) and it is located on high land which is
       a safe distance away from the ocean, there are some policy areas that do
       not apply to the town. The policy areas that are not issues in Holly
       Ridge are; AEC's, flood prone areas, wetlands, existing historic areas,
       manmade hazards, use of package treatment plants, marine and floating
       home development, industrial impacts of fragile areas, development of
       sound and estuarine system islands, commercial and recreational
       fisheries, off-road vehicles, assistance to channel maintenance and beach
       nourishment projects, and coastal and estuarine water beach access.

       A) RESOURCE PROTECTION ISSUES, POLICIES, AND IMPLEMENTATION

        1)  Soils

        a) Issue: Soils are very important in land planning. Most of the
       soils in the town have limitations in providing a good filter for septic
       tank absorption fields. This is not a problem where sewer and water

                                         -25-
<pb n="32" />

        services are located. These services may be required in nearby areas
        that have problem soils. Many of the area's soils also have engineering
        limitations, such as.for large buildings.

          b) Policy: It is the town's policy to use suitable soils as a basis
                      for guiding land development.

          c) Implementation:
           i) Consult the Onslow County Soil Survey when devising plans for
             development.
           ii) Discourage development where soils are un.suitable through the
             town zoning ordinance and subdivision regulations.
           iii) To extend public water and sewer services to existing
             developed areas where poor soil conditions exist.
           iv) Study the feasibility of controlling erosion.

          2) Groundwater Protection

          a) Issue: The town recognizes the need to protect the groundwater
        since it is the only source of its water supply. Groundwater can be
        contaminated by the leaching of toxicants from the land surgface, land
        fills, buried gasoline and oil tanks, dry cleaners, malfunctioning septic
        systems, and by many other means. Once a groundwater system is
        contaminated it is almost impossible to correct.

          b) Policy: Although there are no known problems with the
                      groundwater, the town wishes to preserve and protect
                      all groundwater resources.

          c) Implementation:
           i) The town will require abandoned gasoline and oil tanks to be
             removed, and/or pumped dry and filled with sand.
           ii) The town will continue to work on correcting the seepage
             problem with the storm and sanitary sewage system.
           iii) Public sewer and water services will be provided to nearby
             areas where soils have septic tank limitations.
           iv) The North Carolina Division of Land Resources will be supported
             in their protection of water quality.
           v) The Division of Environmental Management will be supported in
             the regulation of effluents.
           vi) The town supports the state and county health departments in
             their efforts to protect water supplies and effluents.
           vii) The location of any future landfill or toxic waste dump is
             discouraged by the town.

          3) Great Sandy Run Pocosin Protection

          a) Issue: The Great Sandy Run Pocosin is a valuable recreation and
        natural resource for the area.

          b) Policy: The development of this area, expecially by Camp
                      LeJeune, is opposed by the town.

                                          -26-
<pb n="33" />

         c) Implementation:
          0 The town will support the state or county declaring this area
            a state or county conservation area.

         4) Storm Water Runoff Quality

         a) Issue: The quality of storm water runoff in general and that
       associated with agricultural, residential, and industrial development is
       an important concern in the town. Many factors can affect the quality of
       strom water such as; heavy metals from automobile exhaust washing off the
       roads, sediments from erosion and runoff, nutrients from fertilizers,
       toxic chemicals from pesticides, and malfunctioning septic systems.

         b) Policy: The town's policy is to.im  prove the quality of storm
                     water runoff.

         c) Implementation:
          i) Support of the N.C. Sedimentation Control Act.
          ii) Support of the county's Soil and Water Conservation District.
          iii) Require drainage plans in the subdivision ordinance.
          iv) Support other county, state, and federal programs that regulate
            activities that could possibly affect storm water runoff.
          v) Study the feasib ility for improving storm drainage.

         5)  The Preservation of Camp Davis

         a) Issue: During World War II Camp Davis was a large army base that
       housed approximately 60,000 troops. There is very little remaining of
       the camp. Camp Davis i.s an important part of the area's history and
       there should be some way of remembering it and/or learning about it.

         b) Policy: It is the town's policy to have Camp Davis listed on the
                     National Register os a historic site, preserve this area
                     as such, and possible construct a small museum.

         c) Implementation:

          i) Work with the N.C. Division of Archives and History to have
            Camp Davis declared as a historic site and to seek funding for such
           a project.
          ii) Coordinate commercial development with a Camp Davis historical
            museum.

         6) Sand Quarrying

         a) Issue: There are areas in and around the town that have potential
       for sandquarrying. The town is concerned about the environmental impact
       of such an activity.

         b) Policy: The town will not allow these activities where it has
                     the authority.

         c) Implementation:
          i) In the update of the town's zoning ordinance this activity
            should be prohibited.

                                          -27-
<pb n="34" />

        7) Effectiveness of the Sewage Treatment Plant

        a) Issue: The town is concerned about the effectiveness of its sewage
      treatment plant. Storm water is mixing with the sewage and placing a
      stress on the sewage system th"at was to accommodate the town for some
      time.

        b) Policy: It is the policy of the town to improve the sewage
                     treatment system.

        c) Implementation:
         i) To support the testing of the town's effluents from its its
           sewage treatment plant.
         ii) Steps will be taken by the town to correct.the problem of the
           storm water and sewage mixing.
         iii) The town will develop a plan to imporo@ve the wastewater
           treatment system.

        8) Preserving Forested Areas

        a) Issue: It is important for the town to have some areas that are
      forested. Although the town would like more development, it also
      recognizes that forested areas are useful for buffer zones, parks, and
      groundwater recharge.

        b) Policy: It will be the policy of the town to retain some if its
                     land as forested areas.

        c) Implementation:
         i) The town will require a specified amount of open space in its
           subdi.vision regulations, part of which can be forested.
         ii) When the zoning ordinance is updated some areas should be zoned
           for low density residential development, this will allow for
           forested areas.
         iii) When the town budget allows, the town should pruchase tracts of
           forested land for additional open space.
         iv) All commercial and industrial zones that abut residential zones
           should be buffered.

      B) RESOURCE PRODUCTION ISSUES, POLICIES, AND IMPLEMENTATION

        1) Great Sandy Run Pocosin

        a) Issue: The town recognizes the importance of Great Sandy Run Pocosin
      as a valuable natural resource and recreation area. It was noted as a
      Prime Wildlife Habitat in the "1986 Onslow County Land Use Plan".
      Although this area is outside of the town, but partly in its ETJ, it is a
      concern.

        b) Policy: It is the town's policy to prevent any activities that
                   might change Great Sandy Run's natural habitat.

                                         -28-
<pb n="35" />

         C) Implementation:
          i) To publicly condemn the plan for Camp LeJeune to expand in that
            a r e a .
          ii) To support any county, state, or federal plans to make the area
            a conservation reserve.
          iii) To support the N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission.

         2) Recreation

         a) Issue: Holly Ridge recognizes the importance of recreation in the
      community and will continue to work on its program.

         b) Policy: It is the town' policy to have a good recreation
                    program.

         c) Implementation:
          i) To support and coordinate with all recration programs
          ii) To establish a town recreation commission for the pu;pose of
            overseeing town programs, to coordinate with the county
            recreation department, and to oversee any other recreation
            matters in the town.
          iii) To support a community recreation facility in combination with
            other towns in the area.

         3) Farmland

         a) Issue: There is little farmland in the area. However, there is a
      need  to protect and reserve the existing agricultural land uses.

         b) Policy: The town's policy will be to preserve farmland in the
                   town's jurisdiction.

         c) Implementation:
          i) To zone areas in the ETJ for agricultural uses.
          ii) To discourage development on prime farmland.
          iii) To utilize the Onslow County Soil Survey, the Soil
            Conservation Service, and the Agricultural Extension Office to
            help employ the best management practices.

         4) Residential and Commercial Growth

         a) Issue: The town realizes that need for residential and commercial
      growth. This growth must proceed in an orderly, attractive, and
      controlled manner.

         b) Policy: It is the town's policy to see that growth occurs in a
                   controlled and orderly manner.

         c) Implementation
          i) To update the zoning ordinance.
          ii) To enforce the town's subdivision regulations.
          iii) To provide proper drainage.
          iv) To support the Sedimentation Control Act.
          v) To utilize the Onslow County Soil Survey and the Soil
            Conservation Service as development occurs.

                                        -29-
<pb n="36" />

       C) ECONOMIC AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT ISSUES, POLICIES AND
      IMPLEMENTATION

        1) Town Growth

         a) Issue: The   town is primarly a residential community. It would
       like to continue  as such.

         b) Policy: It   will be the town's policy to grow primarly as a
                     residential community.

         c) Implementation:
          i) The town will zone most of its  land area as residential as it
            updates its zoning ordinance.
          ii) To provide services conducive  to residential development.
          iii) Not to zone too much land for industrial development and to
            separate it from residential areas.
          iv) To adopt building and housing codes to insure better homes.
          v) To. provide more affordable housing in the form of single
            family houses, duplexes, and multifamily units.

        2) Commercial Growth

         a) Issue: The town could improve its commercial growth in the
      proper areas. It would look favorably on a small shopping area that not
      only contains convenience type store.s, but also some clothing, speciality
      shops, and grocery stores.

         b) Policy: The town will attempt to make itself attractive for
                     commercial growth.

         c) Implementation:
          i) To provide adequate land zoned for a commercial center.
          ii) To actively market companies to locate in the town.
          iii) To establish a commercial district.

        3) Industrial Growth

        a) Issue: The town desires industry, but not those that would be
      offensive to the community.

         b) Policy: The town's policy will be to attract industries to
                     locate in the area that will not adversely affect any
                     of its citizens or their land.

         c) Implementation:
          i) To market the town to industries planning on locating in the
            area.
          ii) To zone land for industry away from residential areas and to
            have buffers between different land uses.
          iii) To have adequate sewer and water facilities to handle
            industrial growth.

                                         -30-
<pb n="37" />

      4) Town Appearance

          a) Issue: The town recognizes that its grounds and buildings need
       to be improved.

          b) Policy: It will be the policy of the town to upgrade its
                     appearance and to keep the town pleasant for its
                     citizens and visitors.

          c) Implementation:
           i) To reduce strip development impact on highways 17 and 50.
           ii) To redevelop the downtown area.
           iii) To apply for a block grant for the purpose of upgrading the
            town.
           iv) To require industries to provide a buffer that separates
            themselves from adjacent land uses.
           v) To demolish and remove dilapidated and abandoned structures.
           vi) To activate the beautification committee.

        5) Commitment to State and Federal Programs

          a) Issue: The town is committed to state and federal programs
      including erosion control, public access, highway improvements, and
      military facilities.

          b) Policy: It is the policy of the town to support these federal
                     programs with the exception of the expansion of Camp
                     Lejeune in the Great Sandy Run Pocosin.

          c) Implementation:
           0 The town will work and coordinate with all organizations when
            applicable.

         6) Energy Facility Siting

          a) Issue: Energy facility siting in or near the town.

          b) Policy: It is the town's policy not to allow the siting of a
                     large energy facility in the area.

          c) Implementation:
           0 The town will prohibit the siting of a large energy facility in
            its juristiction through zoning.

      7) The Expansion of Camp LeJeune

          a) Issue: The expansion of Camp LeJeune into the town and in the
       Great Sandy Run Pocosin would place tremendous development pressure on
       the town. It would also eliminate a prime natural resource.

                                        -31-
<pb n="38" />

       b) Policy: The town's policy is to protest the expansion of Camp
                       LeJeune in the Great Sandy Run Pocosin and into the
                       Town.

          c) Implementation:
           i) To discuss with the Navy Department, the town's concerns of the
              expansion being so close, and try to reach a     compromise.

       8) Providing Services for Development

          a) Issue: The town desires residential, commercial, and some
        industrial growth. It recognizes that it must pr*ovide the proper
        services to accommadate this growth.

          b) Policy: The town's policy is to provide services to
           ) Implem    development as needed.
          c         entation:
           i) To continue to work on repairing the problem with the storm
              water mixing with the sewage.
           ii) To get the town's water system back into operation.
           iii) To have areas zoned for the different types of development so
              they will not conflict with each other.

         9)   Attracting People to Locate in Holly Ridge

          a)  Issue: The town is   quite close to Surf City and Topsail Beach
       whose  primary income comes from those seeking rest. relaxation, and
       recreation. One of the three routes to these areas passes through the
       town. The town does not receive too much benefit from its location.

          b) Policy: The town's policy is to promote the town for retirees,
                       tourists, and people that would work at the industries
                       and businesses establishments located in the town.

          c) Implementation:
           i) To create a town promotion committee.
           ii) To use routes 17 and 50 as corridors to the town and make them
              attractive to visitors.
           iii) To encourage business activities that would be attractive for
              development as a residential community.
           iv) To work on a small museum that features Camp Davis.

         10) Annexation

          a) Issue: Although there has not been a large amount of growth in the
       town over the past few years, there has been growth outside the town
       limits.

          b) Policy: It is the policy of the town to have controlled growth
                       and annex areas when and where appropriate.

                                            -32-
<pb n="39" />

         c) Implementation:
          i) To expand the town limits and extraterritorial jurisdiction.
          ii) To apply the town's ordinances to the area.
          iii) To conduct an annexation study.

      1)  Housing Mix

         a) Issue: With the high cost of housing, many people are resorting to
      modular or mobile units and multi-family units in which to live. This
      creates a high demand for this type of housing which the supply will try
      to match.

         b) Policy: The town does not discourage any type of sound housing
                     as long as it is compatable to the area.

         c) Implementation:
          i) To have areas properly zoned for modular, mobile, and
             multi-family units.
          ii) To require adequate space for parking and recreation.
          iii) To allow for aesthetically pleasing housing.

       D) PUBLIC PARTICIPATION ISSUES, POLICIES AND IMPLEMENTATION

          There is a need to increase citizen participation in the Town of
      Holly Ridge. The public meetings that were held in the formulation of
      this-plan were not well attended. These meetings were usually held in
      conjunction with the regularly scheduled planning board meeting on the
      second Monday of each month.

          In order to have a successful land use planning process and a
      @rogressive, orderly government, citizen participation is required. it
      is. common knowledge that there is a direct relationship between
      successful planning and government and citizen participation. In other
      words, as citizen participation increases, good governmental practices
      increases also. The planning process and how it is related to government
      practices is considered to be less than adequate at the present time.

          In the planning process, citizen involvement is mandatory. Historic-
      ally, citizens have been a part of planning and development. Not only
      are government officials and agencies ineffective without citizen
      participat- ion, but the planning process would tend to malfunction as
      well. Usually, citizens desire to participate if an immediate problem
      needs to be solved. At other times they become involved only if
      officials or agencies are not doing what they think they should. Citizen
      involvement is a valuable part of the decision making process at all
      levels of government. The reason being that citizen participation: 1)
      influences government decisions, 2) maintains stability in society, 3)
      supports and advises officials, 4) guards the public interest, and 5)
      reduces alienation between the people and the government.

                                        -33-
<pb n="40" />

           Citizens have a direct concern and should be involved in the
      following planning processes: 1) assessing community values, 2)
      determining issues and policies, 3) choosing alternative plans, 4)
      approving or modifying plans, and 5) feedback after plans have been
      effectuated. The citizen's role is as equally important as the public
      official's role. It should not be thought of as just another
      time-wasting, unnecessary burden. The citizen's importance is found in
      the success of improving the well-being of all the citizens.
          Citizen involvement may occur in different ways. All citizens should
      generally be involved in: 1) informational, neighborhood or community
      planning meetings, 2) public hearings, 3) attitude surveys, 4)
      referendums, and 5) voting. Other types of involvement will depend on
      the citizen's interests, but all citfzens should be involved in at least
      one of the following: 1) a task force which has been assigned a specific
      problem to be solved, 2) a citizen advisory committee, 3) county,
      community or neighborhood planning commissions or boards, 4) elected
              representatives on a public policy-making body, 5) workshops for
      the purpose of learning how to solve problems. 6) citizen training for
      the purpose of gaining knowledge about government operations, and 7)
      volunteer services. There are many ways that citizens can become
      involved in their communities. Hopefully, the citizens of Holly Ridge
      will recognize this need and respond to it in a positive manner. It is
      the policy of Holly Ridge to hold to these statements regarding citizen
      involvement in governmental affairs, particularly the planning process.
      To implement this policy, the town will distribute a public participation
      questionaire to its citizens.

       E) HAZARD MITIGATION ISSUE, POLICY AND IMPLEMENTATION

        1) Hazard Mitigation

        a) Issue: Holly Ridge has only two major areas which require
      mitigation action: 1) small streams, and 2) poorly drained uplands.
      These areas, on the average, can reach high levels every year, and flood
      isolated areas.

         b) Policy: It is the policy of Holly Ridge to mitigate hazards by
                     adopting the following measures in the next five years:

         c) Implementation:
          i) To include in the zoning ordinance, a conservation zone.
          ii) Adhere to the county redevelopment policy as related to storms.

                                        -34-
<pb n="41" />

                                VI. THE LAND USE PLAN

          The information for this update has been collected and analyzed, the
      issues have been listed and studied, the policies have been formulated.
      and the implementation for the policies have been stated. The final task
      of this update is to devise a land use plan. At this point, the future
      is brought to the present by assigning different land uses to certain
      areas. This distribution of the land uses reflect population
      distribution, economic trends, existing land use, soils and other natural
      resources, community services, storm hazards, and other town plans (see
      Figure 7).

       A) Land Classification

          The land use plan uses a land classification system recommended in
      the Land Use Planning Guidelines (Subchapter 7B) which is partof the
      State's administrative code. The land use categories are: 1) developed,
      2) transition, 3) community, 4) rural, and 5) conservation.

        1) Developed Land Use-

          Developed areas provide for continued intensive development. These
      areas have been and continue to be developed for urban areas including:
      1) residential, 2) commercial, 3) industrial, and 4) institutional.
      Usually, these uses are served by streets, water, sewer, police and fire
      protection.

        2) Transition Land Use-

          Transition areas provide for future intensive development. These
      areas are considered appropriate for urban growth in the future and
      should be scheduled for the necessary urban services as development
      occurs. These areas should not be developed until most of the land in
      developed areas has been urbanized.

        3) Community Land Use-

          Community areas provide for clustered development in rural areas.
      These areas allow for additional housing, shopping and public services.
      They are considered to be crossroad communities and tend to serve the
      immediate community and nearby rural areas. This category is not
      appropriate o-r used in this plan.

        4) Rural Land Use-

          Rural areas provide for agriculture, woodlands, mining or quarrying,
      and low density residential uses. These areas allow for the usual rural
      land uses which include farming, forests, farmsteads, passive recreation,
      processing of farm and forest products, farm and forest servic-es,
      schools, churches, community centers scattered non-farm residences and

                                        -35-
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                                   HOLLY RIDGE
                                                                                TION
                                  LAND CLASSIFICA                                                                                                                 \c

                                          DEVELOPED
                                                                                                                                                                                                            ?

                                          TRANSItIONAL

                                          CONSERVATION

                                          RURAL
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<pb n="43" />

      general stores.

      5) Conservation Land Use-

           Conservation areas provide for the management or the protection of
      AEC's, unique, fragile or hazardous areas. While agriculture and
      forestry may occur in certain situations such as floodplains and
      pocosins, they are to be managed so that the impact on the environment is
      minimal.

       B) Spatial Arrangement of Land Uses

           The land use plan shows how land use in the Town of Holly Ridge will
      be spatially distributed in the next five to ten years. It is the intent
      of the plan to maintain the small town character of Holly Ridge while
      allowing for industrial and commercial land uses to occur in and near the
      town.

        1) Developed Areas-

           The developed areas in the land use plan correspond to the existing
      incorporated town and where urban spillover has occurred. Developed
      areas include residential, commercial, and industrial parcels. All of
      the areas have land available for additional development. However, past
      growth rates show little promise for substantial development. Still,
      these developed areas have the more desirable land for commerce and
      industry. The developed areas have the urban services expected for
      growth. But, the town must plan to solidify their infrastructure and to
      fill in the available developable land.

        2) Transition Areas-

           The transition areas in the land use plan are bordering the developed
      areas of the town. These areas have land available for development to
      occur. The transition areas along the highways leading into Holly Ridge
      are expected to be sufficient to handle increased commercial growth.
      Along the railroad and in the vacant areas there is sufficient land for
      increased industrial growth. The land away from the highways and
      railroad will be suitable for increased residential development.

        3) Community Areas-

           The community land use category is not appropriate for the Holly
      Ridge area and is omitted from the land use plan.

        4) Rural Areas-

           The rural areas correspond to the existing rural land uses, which are
      usually located between the poorly drained soils and on the most
      productive upland soils. There is a tendency to change rural land uses
      in favor of urban development. This has been kept to a minimum level in
      the plan.

                                         -37-
<pb n="44" />

        5) Conservation Areas-

          The conservation areas are the town's poorly drained areas and along
       its small streams. These areas are located mainly in its ETJ area,
       although some are in the town. Some areas may have fragile or critical
       habit.ats. Further, these areas could be hazardous because of periodic
       flooding.

          Conservation areas are set aside because of their natural
       characteristics and their long lasting contribution to the citizens of
       the community. These areas can be considered greenways or buffer areas
       which allow a separation of land uses without conflict between them.
       Consequently, they are to be protected or managed so that they will
       remain essentially unaltered for generations to come.

       C) Relationship of Policies and Land use Categories

          There are twenty three policies which have been generated in the land
       use plan, which deal with resources protection, resources production, and
       town and economic development as they are related to the land use
       categories.

        1) Resource Protection as related to land use-

          The -policies related to resource protection are formulated to aid in
       managing and conserving our natural heritage. By protecting water
       resources and farmland the town assures improved water quality in the
       environment and the best possible management of the prime farmland.

        2) Resources Production Policies as Related to Land Use-

          The policies related to resources production are formulated to aid in
       improving water quality of the water courses in the town. Water draining
       the land, no matter what its use, is commonly of poor quality. By
       .proving storm runoff, water and sewer lines, and improving legislation,
       resources production will improve with respect.to fishing, farming and
       'm

       forestry.

        3) Economic Development as Related to Land Use-

          The policies related to economic development are formulated to aid in
       improving the social and economic well being of the town and its
       citizens. The policies set forth should revitalize the town. For the
       Town of Holly Ridge this is a formidable task, but well worthwhile.

                                         -38-
<pb n="45" />

                                         TABLE 3

                       SUMMARY OF RESOURCES PROTECTION POLICIES

         Land Use  Categories-

          D=Developed
          T=Transition
          R=Rural
          C=Conservation

          D    T   R   C     Policies

          x    x   x   x     1) It is the town's policy to use suitable soils
                                as a basis for guiding land development.--
          x    x             2) Although there are no known problems with the
                                groundwater presently, the town wishes to
                                preserve and protect all groundwater
                                resources.

                   x   x     3) The development of this area (The Great Sandy
                                Run Pocosin), especially by Camp LeJeune is
                                opposed by the town.

                             4) The town's policy is to improve the quality
                                of storm water runoff.

          x    x             5) It is the town's policy to get Camp Davis
                                listed on the National Register as a historic
                                site, preserve this area as such. and possibly
                                construct a small museum.

          x    x   x   x     6) The town will not allow these (sand
                                quarrying) activities in any areas where it
                                has authority.

          x    x             7) It is the policy of the town to improve the
                                operation of the sewage treatment system.

          x    x   x   x     8) It will be the policy of the town to retain
                                some of its land as forested areas.

                                         -39-
<pb n="46" />

                                     TABLE 4

              SUMMARY OF RESOURCE PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT POLICIES

          Land Use Categories-

           D=Developed
           T=Transition
           R=Rural
           C=Conservation

           D   T   R   C    Policies

                       x    1) It is the town's policy to prevent any
                                activities that might change Great Sandy Run's
                                natural state.

           x   x   x   x     2) It is the town's policy to have a good
                                recreation program.

                   x         3) The town's policy will be to preserve
                                farmland in its jurisdiction.

           x   x             4) It is the town's policy to see that growth
                                occurs in a controlled and orderly manner.

                                         -40-
<pb n="47" />

                                        TABLE 5

                SUMMARY OF ECONOMIC AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT POLICIES

          Land Use Categories-

           D=Developed
           T=Transition
           R=Rural
           C=Conservation

           D   T   R   C     Policies

           x   x   x         1) It will be the town's policy to grow
                                primarly as a residential community.

           x   x             2) The town will attempt to make itself
                                attractive for commercial growth.

           x   x             3) The town's policy will be to attract
                                industries to locate in the area that will
                                not adversely affect any of its citizens or
                                their land.

           x   x             4) It will be the policy of the town to upgrade
                                its appearance and to keep the town pleasent
                                to look at.

           x   X   X   x    5)   It is the policy of the town to support
                                these federal programs with the exception of
                                the expansion of Camp LeJeune in the Great
                                Sandy Run Pocosin.

           x   x   x   x     6) It is the town's policy not to allow the
                                siting of a large energy facility in the area.

           x   x   x   x     7) The town's policy is to protest the expansion
                                of Camp LeJeune into it, and in the Great
                                Sandy Run Pocosin.

           X   x             8) The town's policy will be to provide services
                                to development as needed.

           X   x   x   x     9) The town's policy is to attract peaple to Holly

                                 Ridge and its jurisdiction.

           x   x   x   x    10)  It is the policy of the town to have
                                controlled growth and annex areas when and
                                where appropriate.

           x   x   x        11) The town does not discourage any type of
                                sound housing as long as it is compatable to
                                the area.

                                         -41-
<pb n="48" />

                                         V I I   CONCLUSION

                      Organization and Management for the Land Use Plan

             The successful completion of the land use plan does not occur with
        its adoption. The land use plan is merely the continuation of the
        planning process. Its success can only be measured years from now, not
        today or next month. Thus, a plan to manage the planning program is
        essential for the planning process to continue.

             In order to effectuate the plan a considerable amount of work is
        required. Further, it will require energetic leadership and a sub-
        stantial amount of citizen participation. A list of the committees, task
        forces and legislative and civic groups are indicated below according to
        the policy categories. Each of these groups must be in place if they do
        not already exist. The Town Planning Board is considered to be the
        coordinating group at the center of this planning effort.

                 Protection -      Town  Planning  Board
                                   Town  Council
                                   N.C.  Division  of Land Resources
                                   N.C.  Division  of Environmental Management
                                   N.C.  Division  of Health Services
                                   N.C.  Division  of Air and Water Resources
                                   N.C.  Division  of Archives and History
                                   N.C.  Wildlife  Resources Commission
                                   N.C.  Legislature
                                   Onslow County Health Department
                                   Onslow County Soil and Water Conservation Dist.
                                   Onslow County   Historical Society
                                   Onslow County   Emergency Management Office
                                   Holly Ridge Camp Davis Committee
                                   U.S. Forest Service
                                   U.S. Department of Defense/U.S. Navy
                                   U.S.  Congress

                 Production        Town  Planning  Board
                                   Town  Council
                                   Onslow County   Recreation Department
                                   Onslow County   Soil and Water Conservation Dist.
                                   N.C.  Wildlife  Resources Commission
                                   N.C.  Legislature
                                   U.S.  Soil Conservation Service
                                   U.S.  Department of Defense/U.S. Navy
                                   U.S.  Congress

               Development         Town  Planning Board
                                   Town  Council
                                   Holly Ridge Development Committee
                                   Holly Ridge Camp Davis Committee
                                   Holly Ridge Beautification Committee

                                               -42-
<pb n="49" />

                             U.S. Department of Defense/U.S. Na vy
                             U.S. Congress

           The involvement by the foregoing groups, particularly the planning
      board, will create a movement toward an ongoing revitalization effort,
      planning process and growth management agenda in Holly Ridge. It must be
      realized that the involvement must be well organized. Further. numerous
      plans and documents will be needed to aid in achieving a fully
      operational. planning and revitaliza tion effort by the town.

                                    Summary

           To fully realize the importance of the lan.d use plan and the
      planning process will take years. This means leadership by the planning
      board and participation by.the citizens of Holly Ridge must be
      continuous, as Town Boards come and go. It also means the willingness
      and commitment to achieve or work for the common good in an organized
      manner. In five years an assessment of how successful the Town of Holly
      Ridge h-as been will be made. It is hopeful that the citizens of the Town
      of Holly Ridge will be better off then than now.

                                        -43-
<pb n="50" />

                                 VVII I. AMENDING THE PLAN

           Special and changing circumstances may sometime require a change ih
      the land use plan. A certain policy or land classification may need an
      amendment to suit a peculiar situation within the Town of Holly Ridge or
      its extraterritorial jurisdiction. The land use.plan may be amended as a
      whole by a single solution or in parts by,succetsive resolutions. The
      successive solutions may address geographical sections, county divisions,
      or functional units of subjective matter. To change all or some part of
      the land use plan, the amendment process must be in accordance with a
      series of procedures. These include a local public hearing, a notice to
      the Coastal Resources Commission (CRC), and approval by the CRC.

       A) Public Hearing

           The land use plan may be amended only after a properly held public
      hearing. Notice of this hearing.must appear at least 30 days prior to
      the date of the hearing and must list the date, time, place. and proposed
      action. This should be available for viewing at a particular office in
      the town hall and must appear at least once in the local newspaper.
      Copies of the.prop-os-ed amendment should be made available at the time of
      the public hearing.

       B) Notice to the Coastal Resources Commission

           The local government proposing a land use plan amendment shall
      provide information to the executive secretary of the CRC. This
      information should include a notice of the public hearing, a copy of the
      proposed amendment, and the reasons for the amendment. This should be
      delivered to the executive secretary or his designee no less than 30 days
      prior to the public hearing.

       C) Adoption Procedures

           After the hearing, the locally approved amendments should be
      delivered to the executive secretary of the CRC in the form that they
      will appear in the land use plan. The CRC will review the changes at the
      first regulary scheduled meeting held after the executive secretary has
      received notification of the amendment. After review of the changes. the
      CRC shall approve, disapprove, or conditionally approve the land use plan
      amendments. Should the amendments be disapproved, the CRC will provide
      an explanation of the reasons for its disapproval and offer suggestions
      as to how the amendment might be changed so approval could be granted.
      Final amendments to the text or maps shall be incorporated in context in
      the land use plan and shall be dated to indicate the date the amendment
      became final. The amended land use plan shall be maintained as required
      by G. S. 1 13A-1 10(g) .
<pb n="51" />

                                      APPENDIX A

                        STORM HAZARD  PLANNING AND MITIGATION

       A) Introduction

          All land use updates are required to mitigate and plan for storm
      hazards. Storm hazards are far more serious than commonly perceived, but
      previous storms are very vivid in the minds of many older coastal
      -residents. In order to effectively plan for storm hazards and their
      periodic reoccurrence, a comprehensive approach is necessary. This
      involves-combined efforts of the local-planning board, the fire/rescue,
      law enforcement and the Onslow County Emergency Management Coordinator in
      the Emergency Operation Center.

          There are numerous natural hazards but, due to many factors, only a
      few are likely to occur in Holly Ridge. Of partu.cular concern for Holly
      Ridge is the potential for high winds such as hurricanes and tornados,
      and heavy rains bringing flooding of lowlying areas. Although Holly
      Ridge is located inland from coastal waters, flooding of small streams
      and poorly drained areas is not an unlikely phenomenon. In order to
      effecively plan for storm hazards and their periodic reoccurrence, a
      comprehensive approach is necessary. This involves the combined efforts
      of the local planning board and the Emergency Management Coordinator in
      the Emergency Operating Center of Onslow County.

          There are typically four parts of a comprehensive emergency
      managemeni plan. The four parts are defined as:

               1) Mitigation - the activities which actually eliminate or
      reduce the probablility or occurence of a disaster caused by a hazardous
      event. It also includes land use planning and other long-term activities
      which reduce the effets of hazardous events
               2) Preparedness - the activities t@at are necessary when
                 measures have not, or cannot, prevent disasters caused by a
      hazardous event. This involves the emergency management team to assist
      mi

      in saving lives and property and to enhance response operations.
               3) Response - these activities follow an emergency or disaster.
      Of primary concern is emergency assistance to casualties. Also, the
      emergency management team seeks to reduce secondary damage and to speed
      recovery operations.
               4) Recovery - these activities involve short and long term
      operations. In the short term, the emergency management team attempts to
      restore all systems to normal operation. This includes vital life
      supporting systems. In the long term, recovery involves return to life
      at normal or improved levels. This step should involve the local
      planning process.

          In general, mitigation and long-term recovery require the town
      planning process, while preparedness, response and short-term recovery

                                        -45-
<pb n="52" />

       fall within  the responsibility of the Emergency Management Coordinator.
       Coordination between emergency management and the town planning officials
       is mandatory for a successful mitigation of hazards.

           The Division of Coastal Management encourages local governments to
       focus on three phases of hazards planning. These include storm hazard
       mitigation, post-disaster recovery and evacuation plans. In storm hazard
       mitigation, it is recommended that an inventory of hazardous areas be
       complated. The intent of this inventory is to put into perspective the
       level of existing development within the hazardous areas. It is designed
       to inform local officials of what proportion of the population, housing,
       and county tax base may be subject to damage in the event of a disaster.
       Policies should be formulated to deal with redevelopment in the hazardous
       areas.

           A post-disaster r6construction plan is designed to operationalize
       clean-up procedures after the storm. This involves the immediate
       clean-up and plans for long-term redevelopment. A recovery task force
       should be established to schedule priorities for redevelopment. Repair
       and reconstruction guidelines should be established. This phase of the
       plan requires coordination of the local government and emergency
       management officials.

           The local government is required to evaluate the adequacy of
       evacuation routes used in emergency situations. The routes should be
       critically assessed for their efficient use. If the required evacuation
       time exceeds the standard warning time as provided by the National
       Weather Service, officials should consider adopting policies which would
       improve the adequacy of the routes. This step may involve coordination
       with the Division of Emergency Management and the Department of
       Transportation.

        B) Hazard Mitigation

           The first step of hazard mitigation is to identify the frequency and
       magnitude of hazards in the town. The second step is to conduct a
       vulnerability analysis. Both of these steps have been accomplished by
       Onslow County. The third step includes general and specific measures
       for minimizing damage that is likely to occur. The general measures
       include,  but are not limited to the following:

                 1) building code
                 2) zoning ordinance
                 3) tax incentive/disincentive
                 4) land use management
                 5) safety code
                 6) preventative health care
                 7) public education
                 8) building use regulations,
                 9) resource allocations, and
                 10) other rules and regultions

                                            -46-
<pb n="53" />

           Most of the general measures involve adoption, compliance and
       enforcement by the the town. The role of the town board is leadership in
       the adoption process and coordination among the particpating agencies.
       The planning board is also involved in the compliance and enforcement of
       the measures. The speciifc measures include, but are not limited to, the
       following:

                1) Flood Measures

                      a) Stream channelization
                      b) Construction and protection of farm ponds, retention
                        basins and reservoirs
                      c) Reforestation and preventing deforestation
                      d) Land conservation techniques such as contour plowing,
                        grass waterways, plow/plant cultivation and cover crop
                        plantation, and
                      e) Flood-proof buildings

                2) High  Winds

                      a) Roof anchors
                      b) Window size and thickness codes
                      c) Mobile home tiedowns
                      d) Windbreaks
                      e) Forest and farm management, and
                      f) Real estate disclosure laws

                3) Erosi on

                      a) Wetlands protection
                      b) Swamp forest protection
                      c) Construction and protection of breakwaters and levees,
       and
                      d) Public information programs

                4) Preventative Health

                      a) School innoculation
                      b) Rodent/insect eradication
                      c) Water purification
                      d) Sanitary waste disposal
                      e) Health codes/laws/inspections, and
                      f) Public health education

           Several of the specific measures are currently in operation in the
       county. Others are functioning, but need improvement. The county may

                                           -47-
<pb n="54" />

       choose to incorporate the other measures into their current regulations.

           Storm hazard mitigation requires coordination of many agencies for
       successful operation. A comprehensive effort is necessary to fully
       realize a mitigation plan and its relation to the overall emergency and
       county planning processes.

       1) Identification of Hazard Areas

           As mentioned before Hol.ly Ridge does not have all of the hazards that
       many coastal areas have. This is due to the fact that the town is
       located on a ridge that is elevated above the nearby coastal areas and
       there are no large water bodies or major streams in the town. The two
       hazards that are most likely to affect the town are high winds and heavy
       rains, consequently a map showing these kinds of hazards would be
       inconsequential.

         2) Risk of Damage in Hazard Areas

           The level of damage to life and property in the town is considered to
       be relatively small. There is little chance of flooding in the town
       because of the topography. High winds and heavy rains from a hurricane
       could cause damage but the town is somewhat protected by being
       approximately ten miles from the ocean.

         3) Estimated Severity of Possible Hazard Damage

           The potential level of damage to life and property in the town is
       considered relatively small. The town would receive some wind damage
       from hurricanes powerful enough to be rated above a Force 3 on the
       Saffir/Simpson Hurricane Scale. These storms would have wind speeds in
       excess of 130 MPH.

           It is likely  that some roads could  become flooded where they bridge
       streams or where culverts are located. It is also likely that the
       basements of the houses and businesses   could be flooded. Generally,
       there are very few structures, if any,   in Holly Ridge that would be
       flooded.

         4) Anticipated Development in Hazard   Areas

          The town does not have any hazard areas and cannot be mapped.

         5) Existing Hazard Mitigation Policies and Regulations

           At the present time, the town building code and the existing land use
       plan contribute to mitigation policies of the town, but the Onslow County
       Disaster Relief and Assistance Plan is the major document to mitigate
       hazards. There are also state and federal regulations in effect in the
       county.

                                            -48-
<pb n="55" />

      C) Post-Disaster Reconstruction Plan

          A post-disaster plan will permit Holly Ridge to deal with the
      aftermath of storms in an organized and efficient manner. The plan
      provides the mechanisms, procedures, and policies that will enable the
      county to learn from its storm experiences and to rebuild in a wise and
      p,ractical manner.

          A post-disaster reconstruction plan encompasses three distinct
      reconstruction periods:

                a) The emergency period - the reconstruction phase immediately
                after a storm. The emphasis is on restoring public health and
                safety, assessing the nature and extent of storm damage, and
                qualifying for and obtaining whatever federal and state
                assistance might be available.
                b) The restoration period - the weeks and months following a
                storm disaster. The emphasis during this period is on restoring
                community facilities, utilities, and essential business so the
                town can return to normal activities.
                c) The replacement period - the period during which the
                community is rebuilt. The period could last from months to.
                @ears depending on the nature and extent of the damages
                incurred.

          It is important that local officials clearly understand the joint
      federal-state-local procedures for providing assistance to rebuild after
      a storm so that local damage assessment and reconstruction efforts are
      carried out in an efficient manner that qualifies the community for the
      different types of assistance that are available. The requirements are
      generally delineated in the Disaster Relief Act of 1974 (P.L. 04-288)
      which authorizes a wide range of financial and direct assistance to local.
      communities and individuals. The sequence of procedures to be followed
      after a major storm event is as follows:

                a) Local damage assessment teams survey storm damage.within the
                community.
                b) Damage information is compiled and summarized and the nature
                and extent of damage is reported to the North Carolina Division
                of Emergency Management (DEM).
                c) DEM compiles local data and makes recommendations to the
                Governor concerning state actions.
                d) The Governor may request a Presidential declaration of
                ilemergency" or "major disaster". A Presidential declaration
                makes a variety of federal resources available to local
                communities and individuals.
                e) Federal relief assistance provided to a community after an
                flemergency" has been declared typically ends one month after the
                initial Presidential declaration. Where a "major disaster" has
                been declared, federal assistance for "emergency" work typically
                ends six months after the declaration and federal assistance for
                permanent" work ends after 18 months.

                                         -49-
<pb n="56" />

           Federal disaster assistance programs previously provided aid for
       communities to rebuild in the same way as existed before the disaster
       occurred. This policy tended to foster recurring mistakes. However,
       recent federal policy has started to change the emphasis of disaster
       assistance programs. Specifically, Executive Order 1108 (Floodplain
       Management) directs all federal agencies to avoid either directly or
       indirectly supporting future unwise development in floodplains, and
       Section 406 of the Disaster Relief Act can require communities, as a
       prerequisite for federal disaster assistance, to' take specific actions to
       mitigate future flood losses. Holly Ridge has been provided a
       comprehensive listing of the federal disaster assistance programs that
       may be available following a major storm.

        D) Organization of Local Damage Assessment Team

           A local damage assessment team should be in place and include
       individuals who are qualified to give reliable estimate of the original
       value of structures, an estimated value of sustained damages and a
       description of the repairs. The logistics involved in assessing damage
       to Holly Ridge after a major storm will possibly necessitate the
       organization of several damage assessment teams. The Holly Ridge
       Disaster Relief and Assistance Plan is in place and. provides the county
       with such teams.

           The Emergency Management Coordinater should  immediately undertake a
       recruitment effort at secure the necessary volunteers and to establish a
       training program to familiarize the members of the damage ass essment team
       with required damage classification procedures and reporting
       requirements. It is suggested that Holly Ridge assume the responsibility
       for developing and implementing a training program for both county damage
       assessment teams and the town damage assessment team. In establishing
       the assessment teams, it might be very difficult to fill certain
       positions, because the services of some individuals will likely be in
       great demand after a storm disaster. The Emergency Management
       Coordinator should establish an active "Volunteer File" with standing
       instructions on where to report following a storm. Damage assessment
       forms and procedures should be prepared and distributed to volunteers as
       part of the training program.

        E) Damage Assessment Procedures and Requirements

           Damage assessment is defined as a rapid means of determining a
       realistic estimate of the amount of damage caused by a natural or manmade
       disaster. For a storm disaster, it is expressed in terms of: a) number
       of structures damaged, b) magnitude of damage by type of structure, c)
       estimated total dollar loss and f) estimated total dollar loss covered by
       insurance.

                                         -50-
<pb n="57" />

           After a major storm event, members of the Damage Assessment Team
       should report for a briefing from the Emergency Management Coordinator.
       In Holly Ridge the Emergency Management Coordinator should establish
       field reconnaissance priorities according to the extent of damage and
       where landfall occurred. Because of the potentially large job at hand,
       the limited personnel resources available to conduct the assessments, and
       the limited time within which the initial assessment must be made, the
       first phase of the assessment should consist of only an external visual
       survey of damaged structures. A more detailed second phase assessment
       can be made after the initial damage reports are filed.

           The initial damage assessment should make an estimate of the extent
       ofdamage incurred by each structure and identify the cause such as wind,
       flooding, or wave action of the damage to each structure. This first
       phase assessment should be made by a "windshield" survey.

           Damaged structures should be classified in accordance with the
       suggested State guidelines as follows:

                a) Destroyed (repairs would cost more than 80 percent of value).
                b) Major (repairs would cost more than thirty percent of the
                value).
                c) Minor (repairs would cost less then thirty percent of the
                value, but the structure is currently uninhabitable).
                d) Habitable (some minor damage, with repairs less than fifteen
                percent of the value).

           It will be necessary to thoroughly document each assessment.      In many
       cases, mail boxes and other information typically used to identify
       specific structures will not be found. Consequently, the damage
       assessment team must be provided with tax maps, (aerial photographs with
       property line overlays) other maps and photographic equipment in order to
       record and document its field observations. Enough information to
       complete the damage assessment worksheet must be obtained on each damaged
       structure.

           The second phase of the damage assessment operation will be to
       estimate the value of the damages sustained. This operation should be
       carried out under the direction and supervision of the Emergency
       Management Coordinator. This team should be incorporated into the plan.
       In order to estimate total damage values it will be necessary to have the
       following information available for use at the Emergency Management
       Office:

                a) A set of property tax maps (including aerial photographs)
                identical to those utilized by the damage assessment field
                team
                b) C;unty maps delineating areas assigned to each team.
                c) Copies of all county property tax records.

           In order to produce the damage value information required, the
       following methodology is recommended:

                a) The number of businesses and residential structures that have
                been damaged within Holly Ridge should be summarized by damage

                                          -51-
<pb n="58" />

               classification category.
               b) The value of each damaged structure should be obtained from
               the marked set of tax maps and multiplied by the following
               percentages for appropiate damage classification category:
                          i) Destroyed - 100%
                          ii) Major Damage - 50%
                          iii) Minor Damage (uninhabitable) - 25%
                          iv) Habitable - 10%
               c) The total value of damages for the unincorporated areas of
               thetown should then be summarized.
               d) The estimated value loss covered by hazard insurance should
               then be determined.
               e) Damaged assessment reports should be obtained and the data
               should then be consolidated into the single county damage
               assessment report which should be forwarded to the appropriate
               state officials.
               f) Damage to public roads and utility systems should be
               estimated by utilizing current construction costs for facilities
               by lineal foot.

          The damage assessment is intended to be the mechanism for estimating
      overall property damage in the event of a storm disaster. The procedure
      recommended above represents an approach for making a relatively quick,
      realistic damage estimate after a storm. Damage assessment is provided
      for in the Holly Ridge Damage Relief and Assistance Plan.

      F) Organization of Recovery Operations

          Damage assessmennt operations as provided in the county disaster plan
      are oriented to take place during the emergency period. After the
      emergency operations to restore public health and safety and the initial
      damage assessments are completed, the guidelines suggest that a recovery
      task force to guide restoration and reconstruction activities during a
      post-emergency phase which could last from weeks to possibly more than a
      year. The responsibilities of the recovery task force will be:

               1) Establishing an overall restoration schedule.
               2) Setting restoration priorities, in advance, by definition.
               3) Determining requirements for outside assistance and
                 requesting such assistance when beyond local capabilities.
               4) Keeping the public informed.
               5) Keeping the appropriate State officials informed using
                 situation and damage reports.
               6) Assembling and maintaining records of actions taken and
                 expenditures and obligations incurred.
               7) Proclaiming a local "state of emergency" if warrented.
               8) Commencing cleanup, debris removal and utility restoration
                activities which would include coordination of restoration
                activities undertaken by private utility companies.
               9) Undertaking repair and restoration of essential public
                facilities and services in accordance with priorities developed
                through the situation evaluations.
               10) Assisting private businesses and individual property owners

                                        -52-
<pb n="59" />

                 i n

                  a) obtaining information on the various types of assistance
                  that might be available from federal and state agencies.
                  b) in understanding the various assistance programs, and
                  c) applying for such assistance. When a major storm does
                  eventually hit Holly Ridge and major damages occur,
                  consideration should be given to establishing an assistance
                  team to carry out the above functions as long as there is a
                  need to do so.

           A sequence and schedule for undertaking local reconstruction and
       restoration activities is presented. The schedule was deliberately left
       vague because specific reconstruction needs will not be known until after
       a storm hits and the magnitude of the damage can be assessed.

       G) Reconstruction Operations

           The Holly Ridge Reconstruction Task Force should be the following
       individuals:

                1) Town Manager
                2) Holly Ridge Town Clerk
                3) Chief County Tax Appraiser
                4) County Finance Director
                5) Town Building Inspector

       H) Temporary Development Moratorium

           Under certain circumstances, interim development moratoriums can be
       used in order to give a local government time to assess damages, to make
       sound decisions and to learn from its storm experiences. Such a
       moratorium must be temporary and it must be reasonably related to the
       public health, safety and welfare.

           It is not possible to determine prior to a storm whether a temporary
       development moratorium will be needed. Such a measure should only be
       used if damage in a particular area is very serious and if redevelopment
       of the area in the same manner as previously existed would submit the
       residents of the area to similar public health and safety problems. The
       town's policy regarding the proclamation of temporary development
       moratoriums shall be to:

                Require the Onslow County Emergency Management Office to assess
       whether a Temporary Development Moratorium is needed within one week
       after the damage assessment process is completed. Such an assessment
       should clearly document why such a moratorium is needed, delinate the
       specific uses that would be affected by the moratorium, propose a
       specific schedule of activities and actions that wi'll be taken during the
       moratorium period, and establish a specific time period during which the

                                          -53-
<pb n="60" />

      moratorium will be in effect.

        I) Adequacy of the Onslow Disaster Relief Plan

          The purpose of the Disaster Relief Plan is to prevent or lessen the
      effect of disasters on the people and property in Holly Ridge. The plan
      for Onslow County adopted in 1983, of which Holly Ridge is a part, is
      considered adequate in its intent, scope and composition, in so far as
      Holly Ridge is concerned.

       J) Adequacy of the Onslow County Hurricane Evacuation Plan

          The purpose of the evacuation plan for Onslow County is to provide
      for an orderly and coordinated evacuation to minimize the effects of
      hurricanes on residents and visitors. The plan's scope, organization,
      concept of operation, warning and alert system, increased readiness
      action checklist, evacuation areas, routes and shelter location, reentry
      procedures, responsibil-ity groups, communications and public information
      activities, are considered adequate. It must be realized, however, that
      this is a plan for Onslow County as a whole, and not a specific plan for
      Holly Ridge. Further, it is a plan for local use and not a plan to
      shelter an excessive number of visitors or evacuees from other areas.

                                         -54-
<pb n="61" />

                                        APPENDIX B

                    STATE AND FEDERAL DEVELOPMENT REGULATING AGENCIES

       I) State Level

        A) Department of Natural Resources and Community Development (DNRCD)

           -permits to discharge surface waters or operate wastewater treatment
       plants or oil discharge permits; NPDES permits (G.S. 143-215)

         1) Division of Coastal Management

            -permits to dredge and/or fill in estuarine waters, tidelands, etc
       (G.S. 113-229).
            -permits to undertake development in Areas of Environmental Concern
       (G.S. 113A-118).

         2) Division of  Land Resources

              permits to alter or construct a dam (G.S. 143-215.66).
              permits to mine (G.S. 74-51).
            -permits to  drill exploratory oil or gas wells (G.S. 113-381)
            -
              permits to conduct geographical exploration (G.S. 113-391)
            -sedimentation erosion control plans for any land-disturbing
       activity over one acre (G.S. 113A-54).

         3) Division of Environmental Management

            -permits for septic tanks with a capacity over 3,000 gallons/day
       (G.S.  143-215.3).
            -permits for withdrawals of surface or ground waters in capacity use
       areas (G.S. 143-215.15).
            -permits for air pollution abatement facilities and sources (G.S.
       143-215.108).
            - permits for construction of complex sources; e.g. parking lots,
       subdivisions, stadiums, etc. (G.S. 143-215.109).
            -permits for construction of a well over 100,000 gallons/day (G.S.
       87-88).

         4) Secretary of NRCD

            -permits to construct an oil refinery

                                           -55-
<pb n="62" />

      B) Department of Administration

           -easements to fill where lands are proposed to  be raised above the
      normal high water mark of navigable waters by filling (G.S. 146.6c)

       C) Department of Human Resources

           -approval to operate a solid waste disposal site or facility (G.S.
      130-166.16).
           -approval for construction of any@public water supply facility that
      furnishes water to ten or more residences (G.S. 130-160.1).

      II) Federal Level

       A) U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

           -permits that are required under Section 9 and 10 of the Rivers and
      Harbors Act of 1899; permits to construct in navigable waters.
           -permits that are required under Section 103 of the Marine
      Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act of 1972
           -permits that are required under Section 404 of the Federal Water
      Pollution Control Act of 1972; permits to undertake dredging and/or
      filling activities.

       B) U.S. Coast Guard

           -permits for b-ridges, causeways, pipelines over navigable waters;
      required under the General Bridge Act of 1946 and the Rivers and Harbors
      Act of 1899.
           -deep water port permits.

       C) Department of the Interior Geological Survey Bureau of Land
      Management

           -permits required for off-shore drilling.
            approvals of OCS pipeline corridor rights-of-way.

       D) Nuclear R'egulatory Commission

           -licenses for siting, construction and operation of nuclear power
      plants; required under the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 and Title II of the
      Energy Reorganization Act of 1974.

                                        _56-
<pb n="63" />

      E) Federal Energy Regulatory Commission

           -permits for construction, operation and maintenance of interstate
      pipelines facilities required under the Natural Gas Act of 1938.
           -orders of interconnection of electric transmission facilities under
      Section 202 (b) of the Federal Power Act.
           -permission required for abandonment of natural gas pipeline and
      associated facilities under Section 7C (b) of the Natural Gas Act of
      1938.

                                        -57-
<pb n="64" />

                                                                                             DATE           UE

                                                                            GAYLORD No. 2333                             PRINTED IN USA

                                                                                   3- 6668 14105 8562
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