Town of Carolina Beach, North Carolina, land use plan

[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]

IAND USE PLAN

AROLINA BEACH
NORTH CAROLI NA

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1976

TOWN OF
CAROLINA BEACH, NORTH CAROLINA

LAND USE PLAN

Prepared By The

Carolina Beach Town Council

Richard B. Kepley, Mayor

And The

Carolina Beach Planning Board

Mrs. Fred Bost, Chairwoman

Mrs. Leland R. Davis, Town Manager

Technical Assistance Provided By

State of North Carolina
Department of Natural and Economic Resources
Local Planning and Management Services Section
Southeastern Field Office

John J. Hooton, Chief Planner

James B. Taylor, Planner in Charge

David Long, Planner Technician

Melba Thompson, Planner Technician

Resolution Number (1976) 135

RESOLUTION TO ADOPT COASTAL AREA MANAGEMENT ACT
LAND USE PLAN FOR THE TOWN OF CAROLINA BEACH

Whereas, the Town is a community within the jurisdiction
of the Coastal Area Management Act and has chosen to pre-
pare its own land use plan as required by the Act, and;

Whereas, the plan has been prepared by the citizens of
Carolina Beach, now;

Therefore, be it resolved by the Town Council of the Town
of Carolina Beach,

That the Land Use Plan prepared under the Coastal Area Man-
agement Act is hereby adopted for submission to the Coastal
Resources Commission for their review and approval.

'Mayor V

ADOPTED:
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CAROLINA BEACH LAND USE PLAN
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1. Introduction

"Let's go to the beach!" This is a suggestion,request,or demand heard

throughout North Carolina and indeed throughout many states as spring and

summer approach. For those living at or near the coast, it may mean a walk to

the strand or a one day visit to a local beach. For those living further away,

it may mean a weekend trip or a week long vacation to the coast and for someg

it means moving into the summer cottage for a stay of from one to three months.

To the permanent residents of Carolina Beach the "season" means many different

things--economic benefits for the commercial interests, increased recreational

activities, an influx of tourists-some old friends and some new friends, in-

creased levels of public service needed to provide for a safe, clean and enjoy-

able beach. To some the "season" is a time of good business. To others it is

a time to relax and enjoy the good weather, good food, and a stay at the beach.

And to still others it is a time when the quiet and solitude of "the beach" is

broken by the mass of people who stay up late, get up early, tramp across the

berm, leave trash and litter everywhere and, in general, spoil the beauty of

the area.

In 1974, the North Carolina General Assembly recognizing the view

points expressed above passed the Coastal Area Management Act of 1974. In

passing the Act (CAMA) the General Assembly declared," " . . that among North

Carolina's most valuable resources are its coastal land and waters. The

Coastal area, and in particular the estuaries, are among the most biologically

productive regions of this State and of the nation. Coastal and estuarine
waters and marshlands provide almost 90 percent (90%) of the most productive

sport fisheries on the east coast of the United States."

"In recent years the coastal area has been subjected to increasing

pressures which are the result of the often conflicting need of a society ex-

panding in industrial development, in population, and in the recreational

aspirations of its citizens. Unless these pressures are controlled by co-
ordinated management, the very features of the coast which make it economically,
esthetically, and ecologically rich will be destroyed."

The Coastal Area Management Act calls for a comprehens-ve plan
for the protection, preservation, orderly development, and management of the

coastal area of North Carolina."

"In the implementation of the coastal a.rea management plan, the public's
opportunity to enjoy the physical, esthetic, cultural, and recreational qualities
of the natural shorelines of the State shall be preserved to the greatest extent
feasible, water resources shall be managed in order to preserve and enhance water

quality and to provide optimum utilization of water resources; land resources
shall be managed in order to guide growth and development and to minimize damage
to the natural environment,and private property rights shall be preserved in

accord with the Constitution of this State and of the United States."

11. Description of Present Conditions

A. Population and Economy -The population of Carolina Beach, like

that of many coastal towns has two basic characteristics that differ from in-

land towns. First, the permanent residents, because of the resort nature of

the @rea, are somewhat older than the state and county average indicating that

More retired people live in the area. Secondly, the population tends to fluctuate

greatly with the changes in seasons. The permanent population in 1970 was 1,663

people with an additional 574 in the surrounding planning area. Census data

indicates that the town population increased by almost 40% from 1960 to 1970

while New Hanover County as a whole grew at a rate of only about 16%.

The seasonal population is more difficult to obtain since none of the

U..S. census data covers this subject adequately, In 1970 there were 1,273

second homes in the planning area. There are approximately 400-500 motel

and apartment rooms in the area. The estimated full occupancy of the homes
and motels "is about 12,000. Adding the permanent population of the planning

_4
area (estimated at 2700) gives a total of 14,700 not including day visitors.
Peak seasonal population has been estimated at 20,000-30,000 people.
The economy of Carolina Beach is very strongly linked to the bourist
end vacation industry. A quick glance around town will confirm this as there
is a large percentage of hotels, motels, apartments, restuarants, and commercial
recreational facilities in the area. Two active fishing piers, small charter
boats and several large "headboats!' cater to the fisherman.

B. Existing Land Use

The Town of Carolina Beach was subdivided by developers in the
1920's and for the most part existing development patterns were set then.
As is true with many beach communities, the form which Carolina Beach
takes is linear. Development runs parallel to the beach front increas ing in
depth to the west and decreasing in density as the Town grows. The form is
affected by two natural features which cut into the land: Carolina Lake and
Myrtle Grove Sound. The lake serves as the primary reservoir for rain water
drainage for the surrounding area. It is connected to the sound by a drainage
pipe which runs under Lake Park Blvd. Development south of the lake has been
sparse due to the extremely high water table in the area. Myrtle Grove Sound
prior to 1939 was very shallow with less than 1 foot of depth at low tide.
In 1939, some local people dredged a channel and boat basin some 60 to 80 feet
wide andabout 6 feet deep from the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway at Snow's Cut
to the present harbor at King Avenue. Spoil from this operation was placed
on the eastern shore to create the land area along Canal Drive. The harbor
location leaves the northern extension of the beach with only two access roads,
neither of which is sufficiently wide enough to handle efficiently and safely
the traffic moving in the area.

f.nother land 'form which has had a significant affect on the Town is
Carolina Beach Inlet to the North. In 1952, local interests dredged an inlet
channel from the Intracoastal Waterway to the ocean creating a channel sorre 6
feet deep, 70 feet wide and 3, 750 feet long.

The Existing Land Use map accompanying this text together with the
table below indicate the general use of land in the planning area:

TOWN TOTAL PLANNING AREA
% of % of
Use Acreage Develop. Acreage Develop.
Residential 167 49 292 23
Commercial 18 5 41 3
Industrial 1 1 2 -1
Transportation, Communication 4 1 49 4
& Utilities
Streets 137 40 445 35
Government & Institutional 12 3 14 1
Cultural, Entertainment 5 1 422 33
& Recreation
Total Developed 344 100 1,265 100
Water 158 202
Wetlands 29 280
Beaches 30
Buffer Zone 18 780
Undeveloped 300 792
Total Area 1 879 3,430
There are 593 acres of beaches, water and wetlands in the planning
area and 780 acres of land belonging to the U. S. Army comprising the buffer zone
around Sunny Point Military Ocean Termi!)al. These lands totaling 1, 373 acres
are not suitable for development. There are 792 acres of land left, most of
which can be developed provided the proper steps are taken.
Problems of conflicting land uses exist in several areas; development
of land along Canal Street next to the Sound is in conflict with the marshland
bordering the Sound; beach erosion has become a serious problem along the northern
ocean shore; use of sept.ic tanks on poor soils in the Wilmington Beach area.

Solution are being sought for each of these problems and others that exist.

The trend of development in the last five years has been toward better

quality new uses and an upgrading of existing uses through zoning ordinance and

housing code enforcement.

C. Current Plans, Policies and Regulations

Carolina Beach has an active planning management program and
has had since 1959. The following plans and documents have been prepared by

the Town of Carolina Beach with- technical assistance from N. C. Department of
Natural and Economic Resources Division of Community Assistance, The Cape Fear,
Council of Governments, and Henry von Oesen and Associates:
Document Date
A Development Plan for, Carolina Beach Sept. 1959
A Proposed Zoning Ordinance May 1960
rol%riunity Facilities Plan
April 1969
Comprehensive Water and Sewer Plan Sept. 1971
Fxti-a-territorial Juri,sdiction Ordinance June 1972
CL- ' t" -1. - ---(rf66-d---'- -'-- -- I... L .
bning Ordinan e Revisions
Insurance Regulations) Dec. 1971 .
Subdivision Regulations Dec. 1972
Zoning Ordinance (Extrat&ritorial Jurisdiction) Sept. 1972
Thoroughfare Plan 1972
Annexation Feasibility Report Dec. 1972
Commercial Area Improvements Proposal' June*1973
Governmental Management Review August 1973
Flood Insurance Regulation Ordinance
Sept. 1974
Capital Improvements Budget Jan 1975 -
Ill.', Publ'i'c Participation Activities

Public participation in the local land use plan is mandated by the
Coastal Resources Commission. For any plan to be effective it must reflect the

needs and desires of the local citizens. The goals and objectives l.isted below
were developed over a series of meetings,. surveys and interviews. They have been
presented in several public meetings which have been advertised by television,

radio, newspaper, posters, handbills and word-of-mouth.@ Attendance was not as

good as we w04ld have liked but responsetoL the presentation of those present was
good and discustions lively. Included in these meetings were discussions of

probable areas of environmental concern and their proposed land uses which will

be discussed further below.
A Major Issues Carolina Beach in a typiral summer resort Community
in many.ways and yet has a character of its own.. The followirg-i!sues have been
identified by surveys, public meetings and.inte.rviews:
1. Population and future -growth Most of the surveys and meetings

indicated a preference for increased population. More sinqle-family homes,
some condominiums, and le)ss apartments were preferred by the people who responded

to the surveys and came to meetings. Single-family homes tend to result in in.-

creased costs of services. Condominiums and single family homes both imply
ownership and a certain stability while apartments attract a more mobile population.
2. Provision of Public Services. This issue has been the most visible
one in Carolina Beach for some time. How much service is needed? What,should it
cost? Who should pay for it? These questions have been asked by local officials,
citizens, absentee property owners -almost everyone imaginable. The answers have.
been the subject of Town Council meetings, planning board meetings,. public meetings
pri -vate conversations and citizens' group meetin gs. Costs of water and sewer
service, garbage pickup, paving accessments, and parking meters have been in question
and will continue to be discussed as have taxes, license fees and permits. Results
of the surveys and meetings indicate a willingness to increase spending in most

public services - the question seems to be who will pay.
3. Development of Vacant Land. There are, currently 300 acres of
undeveloped land within the Town limits and 4 92 in the'extraterritorial area. These lands

may or may not be intensively developed depending on whether or not they. fall
within an Area of Environmental Concern as defined in the guidelines for Local

Planning and ultimately as adopted by the Coastal Resources Commission. Aside

from this fact is the hard economic question of designation of various types of

land use and the provision of public service s to areas not. currently served.

Water and sewer service will be available in most- of the town upon @completion of
the current project and in some areas outside of town. Further extensions will

be examined Post carefully.
4. Beach ani Sound Erosion. The once wide and expansive beach at

Carolina Beach is no more. The rock revetment along t he north shore of the

Tot-in is subject to the force of waves and tides. The beach north from the

Northern Extension pier to Carolina Beach Inlet is rapidly eroding and will

soon be breached by waves crashing into the marshland behind the beach. The

issues stabilization or closure of Carolina Beach Inlet and replenishment of

the beach by natural or artificial means. Without the wide beach and protective

dune the esthetic value of the shore to the tourist is no more and even more

important the area is subject to extensive hurricane damage.

The east shoreline along Myrtle Grove Sound is eroding badly in
some areas due to several factors - wake created'by passing boats and excessive
depth (up to 40 feet) in places created when dredging.was used to obtain sand

for beach replenishment. The question here is not whether to control erosion,

buthow to control it. Bulkheading the shoreline is an acceptable method and
here the question is one of cost. Most individual property owners are willing
to pay their share of the'cost if they can regain land lost. If not, then

obviously, the cost will have to be borne by others, i.e. the Town.

B. Alternatives for Development - Several alternatives were posed

based upon.the meetings and surveys. Some are feasible while others are not.

As man tioned above ,Carolina Beach i.s typical of many 'coastal communities and

yet different. The typical summer visitor sees only the' first two or three

blocks parallel to the ocean, the boardwalk and the amusement center of the

Town. Further inland,the perhaps curious visitor would find that not all. the
be3cl, homes are frame dwellings on pilings but that there exists a quiet,
pleasant area of homes and families much like those in his own hometown, people

\,)ho mow the lawn and weed a small,garden when they come home from work. There

arc people who want more single family development and less apartments. Other
people, want greatly increased commerci al.- resort, type development while still
others want growth to stop completely and even to decrease' in size.
The Coastal Area Management Act requires that development be
'Iconsistent with thecapability of the land and water for development.'! This
simply means that development cannot be allowed to exceed the ability of the.

land and water to accomodate it without suffering environmental damage. The

Town water and sewer system are both-being repaired, improved and expanded not

only to serve the existing development but also to take care of the needs of

future development. Policy decisions have been made to provide the services

needed not only to protect and preserve the environment but to hopefully serve

the needs of some much needed growth.

Past development trends have provided for a mix of commercial-

resort development and for an attractive living area for permanent residents.

This trend will be continued.

C. Land Use Objectives, Policies and Standards - Before any dis-

cussion of objectives, policies or standards caii take place it is necessary to

define what is meant by each term. The following definitions have been used:

objective (goal) - a desired future state or status; policy - course of action

to be followed to reach an objective or goal; standard - a quantitative or

qualitative citeria for measuring progress toward reaching an objective or goal.

2. Long-Range Objective - To provide an adequate working, living

and playing environment for all citizens of the Town and for those visitors who

chose to come, in harmony with the need to make wise use of the natural re-

sources of the area.

Policy:
--to encourage good, sound commercial and industrial development in
areas compatible with the communities' needs and abilities to provide
services
--to encourage safe, de"cent housing for all citizens
to provide for the recreation needs of all age groups by the
provision of sites and services designed to cover a wide range of
desires

--to protect, as much as reasonably possible, the iatural resources
of the planning area consistent with the need to maintain a viable
community

b. Objectives for Specific Issues,
(1) Population and futur'e growth - To maintain and incr2ase the
current growth rate consistent with the needs and abilities of the local economy.

Pol icy:

--To provide the necessary land use regulations and pldns to en-
encourage growth consistent with both the specific objective
and the long range objective.

--To guide development into designated areas by the provision of
public services.

(2) Public Services - To provide the citizens with needed services

at the lowest possible cost consistent with good management.

Policy:

--To annually evaluate the adequacy at each service provided and
the cost of such service.

--To seek any and all possible sources of revenue to finance
needed services.

(3) Development of Vacant Land - To encourage development of only

those vacant lands that can satisfy the goals of the Coastal Area Management

Act.

Policy:

--To enforce the codes, ordinances, and local regulations consistent
with the permit requirements of the CAMA.

--To qualify the Town as a permit letting agency for minor develop-
ments in AEC's.

(4) Beach and Sound Erosion - To protect the public and the private

interest from erosion consistent with the Constitution of the State of North

Carolina.

Policy:

--To work to establish an acceptable bulkhead building line along the
eroding shore of Myrtle Sound.

--To seek beach replenishment funds from the responsible federal,
sta*--e and local interests.

--To actively seek program of stabilization of C arolina Beach Inlet.

C. Standards

The following standards will be considered in evaluating development
propcsals:

Conmercial development should:

-.-locate near intersection of major roads to better serve trade areas

--not be permitted to develop in strips. but rather in compact grouped
units.

--provide adequate, safe ingress and egress and off-street parking

--have adequate space for future expansion

have compatible signs which do not obstruct vision or distract
drivers

Residential development should:

--have public water and sewer within the-Town I imits

--be located so as to be served by public water and sewer outside
the Town Limits if possible
--have minimum lot sizes where public water and sewer is not avail-
able -20,000 square feet

meet all requirements of HUD-Federal Insurance Administration if
located within a coastal flood hazard area

--meet the requirements of the Zoning Ordinance and the Subdivision
regulations

Recreation development should:

--be located so as to be available to a wide range of people
--provide a variety of Activities to interest more'than' one segment
of the population

--be compatible with surrounding land uses
Natural resource areas will be designated as Areas of Environmental Concern

by the Coastal Resources Commission. The proposed AEC's and appropriate 'land

uses for each are described in Sedtion VI of this report.

IV. Constraints

A. Land Potential

1'. Physical Limitations Carolina Beach has man-made hazard areas-

Sunny Point Military Ocean terminal buffer zone and the Atlantic Intracoastal

Waterway at Snow's-Cut. The buffer zone was erected as a safety factor in

the event of an explosion on the loading docks across the Cape, Fear River. The
zone prevents expansion to the west of town and any development of the river

frontage. The waterway is not particularily a hazard but rather a barrier to

any extension of services that would be necessary for development north of Snow's

Cut.

Natural hazard areas include: ocean erodible areas, estuarine

erodible areas and coastal flood hazard areas. Most of the beach front is

experiencing erosion. The northern most part of the shore is the most seriously

affected area. The estaurine erodible areas include the east !hore of the Sound

and the land area just opposite Snow's Cut where the tidal flow through the

Intracoastal Waterway must turn north. A large part of the town lies within

a coastal flood hazard area and because of this Carolina Beach is eligible for

flood insurance and enforces regulations designed to decrease the loss of life

and property should flooding occur.

Soils information for Carolina Beach indicates that most of the area

s not suitable for septic tanks unless the soil is improved. Within the town

where public sewer is available this is no problem, but in areas outside of

town, the use of septic tanks on small (5,000 sq. ft.) lots is becoming a serious

problem particularily in these areas that have high water tables and draingagE

problems too.
Carolina Beach's water supply is from seven wells located around

town. Water from the wells is stored, treated and distributed throughout most

of the town. South of town, the Wilmingtor deach areas is served by a privately

owned water system. Natural rainfall is the primary source of recharge to the

ground water supply.

2. Fragile Areas = Areas within the Carolina Beach Planning Area

which could be Oestroyed or damaged by inappropriate development include:

Coastal wetlands Sand dunes
Ocean beaches and shorelines Estuarine waters
Public trust waters Areas sustaining remnant species

Each of these areas are described in the areas of environmental concern section

below.

B Capacity of ComniuniV Facilities Carolina Beach provides its
citizens with a full range of municipal services: Water and sewer, road main-

tenance, police protection, garbage pickup and disposals, fire and rescue service,
and lifeguards on the beach. The costs of each of these services is high be-
caUse of the seasonal nature of the town. Service levels must be adequate

to accombdate the seasonal population needs. The town currently has a $2,000,000
water and sewer improvement project under construction which will be capable
of providing adequate supplies of good water and treatment of sewage for the
expected growth during the next ten years. New Hanover County is responsible

for the school system and has an elementary school in town. Older students must

be transported to schools in and around Wilmington.

V. Estimated Demand

A. Population and Econ - Projections of permanent population for

small towns are difficult to make with any degree of accuracy because of the
lack of good date on births, deaths, or migration. Using projections for the
township, made by the New Hanover County Planning Department and "stepping down"
the projections for the planning area,the estimated permanent population in the

area is expected to be around 3,601 peeple in 1985. Projections of seasonal
are impossible to make given the many factors involved such as
C-Conany, changing recreational trends, etc. It is expectedt though, that if Ene

population increasesithe seasonal influx will increase accordingly.

The economy of -the area is heavily dependant upon the seasonal trade

despitp the fact that as the population has increased,the number of local year-
roupd business has increased also. As more people take advantage of leisure time

activities in and around the coastal area,the local economy will continue to

improve.

B. Future Land Needs - The guidelines for Local Planning define five categories

for the classification of future land use: (1) Developed, (2) Transition,

(3) Community, (4) Rural and (5) Conservation. Most of the land in the planning

area will fall into Developed, Transition, or Conservation. The land use plan
is generally the basis for a zoning ordinance and the general classifications
provided in the guidelines are not sufficiently detailed to support zoning classi-
fications. For this reason, a more detailed future land use map has been developed
for presentation. This map breaks transition lands down into specific categories
as is the existing land use map. These groups may be easily related to land use

decisions in the future.

The following table indicates future land/use acreage allocations for
the year 1985 based upon the "projected" permanent population of the planning area
3,600 and upon certain other factors such as expressed desires for increased

'commercial activity, the availability of public services, and additional recreational

areas.

1985 Land Demand

Approximate
Existing population Based 0/fac-tors

Residential 292 ac 391 ac 425.00
Commercial 41 55 75.00
Industrial 2 2 20.00
Transportation, Communication
Utilities 494 659 660-00
Governmental-Institutional 14 1 19 20-00
Recreation 13 17 35.00
Total Developed 856 1,143 1235.00
Amount of Increase 287 379

Recreation land uses excluding 337 acre State Park.

The population based demand is 287 acres and the desired demand is 379 acres.

Within the planning area, there are 792 acres of undeveloped land including 300

acres in town and 492 acres outside. Some or all of this land will likely fall

within an area of Environmental Concern, thus limiting development to some extent.

C. Community Facilities Demand - Using the "projected 1985 permanent population

of the total Planning Area of 3,600 people, most of the community facilities

currently provided by the Town will be adequate since the current service level

is based on a much higher seasonal population.. In the likely event that the

seasonal population demands increase, then -it is the i. ntention of the Town to

provide for the increase.

The 2 million dollar water and sewer project under construction is

disigned to handle the future needs of the en@J,[email protected] below Snow's Cut. Other

public services such as police, fire/reA
ee,-$anitation, and lifeguards are not
as costly to provide and can be increased as the demand increases.

VI. Plan Description

A. Land Classification System - The North Carolina Land Classification

System contains five classes of land:

a. Devel oped- --Lands where existing population density is modcrate

to high and where there are a variety of land uses which @iave the

necessary public services.

b. Transit-ion--Lands whereIocal government plans to 3ccowmdate
moderate to hilgh density development (luring the following ten
year period and where necessary public ser/ices will be provided

to accommodate that growth.

c. Community- Lands where low density development is grouped in exist-
ing settlements or will occur in such settlements during the follow-
ing ten year period and which will not require extensive public ser-

vices now or in the future.

d. Rural--Lands whose highest use is for agriculture, forestry, mining,
water supply, etc,, based on their natural resources potential. Also,
lands for future needs not currently recognized .

e. Conservation - identifies lands which should be maintained

essentially in its natural state and where very limited and no

public services are provided.

A strict interpretation of the definitions above would place the lands

of the Planning Area in at least three of the five classes -Developed, Transition

and Conservation. All of the land within the Town Limits (643.98 acres) which

is developed or undeveloped, excluding beaches and buffer zone, would fall within

the Developed class or the transition class since water and sewer service is

available or will be within two years. Roads and school service is currently

available throughout the Town. The density standard for Developed and Transition
lands is 2,000 persons per square mile or 3.125 persons per acre. The population
rdtio to land in town is 2100 people -t644 acres or 3.266. Actually the population
is living on 344 developed acres for :density.of 6.11 persons per acre.

The land outside town is classified transition, conservation or rural

as shown on the Land Classification Map.
B. Proposed Areas of Environmental Concern - The Coastal Area Vanaqe-
r,ent Act of 1974 requires that local land use plans give special attention to
the protection and appropriate development of Areas of Environmental Concern
rcting upon local suggestions and following the statutory guidelines. The iden-
tification of AEC's by local governments will serve to assist the Coastal Resources
Cormission in the ultimate designation of Areas of Environmental Concern and
Jct+a/
will also provide for use in the local land use plans.
The following AEc's have been identified in the Planning Area:
(1) Coastal Wetlands - Tidal Marshland

A thin strip of marshland extends along the shore of Myrtle Grove

Sound.

Appropriate Land Uses:
(a) Utility easements and facilities where restoration of marsh
conditions will occur upon completion of the project;
(b) Elevated walkways and piers to navigational channels;
(c) Access routes for marina facilities.

(2) Estuarine Waters:

Myrtle Grove Sound, the Intercoastal Waterway, and the Cape Fear
River respectively border the Planning Area on the East, North

and I..est.

Appropriate Uses:
(2) Elevated pier and boat docks except in maintained navicable

channels;
(a) Public utility easements and facilities where the natural ccn-
ditions will be restored upon completion of the project;
(b) The dredging and maintenance of access channels except in pro-

ductive shellfish beds.

(3) Existing National or State Parks:

Carolina Beach State Park, is located just west of the Town.

Appropriate Land Uses:
(a) Picnicking, swimming, boating, fishing, hikes, nature study

and camping.

(4) Public Trust Waters:
The Cape Fear River, the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway and
Myrtle Grove Sound, all considered Estuarine Waters and describ-
ed in paragraph (2) above are considered Public TrustWaters,as

well as the Atlantic Ocean and the lands thereunder froin mean

high/water to the seaward limit of North Carolina jurisdiction.

Appropriate Land Uses:
(1) Fishing Piers in both ocean and estuarine waters;

(2) Access for marina facilities;

(3) Public utility easement;

(4) Dredging and maintenance of navigation channels;

(5) Bulkheads, groins and jetties.

(5) Sand Dunes alcng the Outer Banks:
There appears to be very little if any natural sand eures left

within the Planning Area, most having.been destroyed by man and

hurricanes many yeues ago. There is, however,a berm and dune

fronting the beach within the Town Limits.

This was constructed by the U. S. Corps of Engineers and is pro-

tected from development of any type of permanent structures.

Appropriate Land Uses:

The frontal dunes should be considered unsuitable for all develop-

ment which would alter theii natural functions. Appropriate land

uses shall be limited to the following:

(a) Elevated fishing pier;

(b) Elevated pedestrian walkways for public access;

All of these land uses should not damage or destroy the existing

vegetation on the frontal dune.
(6) Ocean Beaches and Shorelines (on the Outer Banks)

The area of beach from the mean low tide landward to the toe of the

berm, dune or first vegation, all of which occur along the ocean

front within the Planning Area.

Appropriate Land Uses:
(a) Fishing piers which are elevated enough to allow lateral

access along the beach front;
(b) Utility mainienance;

interest.

(7) Coastal Flood Plains:
Descrip tiin: Coastal flood plains are defined as the land areas

adjacent to coastal sounds, estuaries or the ocean which are prone

to floodi:-q from storms with an annual probability of one percent

or greater (100 years flood). These areas are delineated and

identified by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in conjuntion with

flood insurance studies prepared for the Federal Insurarce

Administration.

A2propriate Land Uses:

All acceptable land uses and development must meet stringent enq-

ineering standards which will maintain the structures, integrity,

stability and safety during a 100 year storm. All forms of deve-

lopment can be undertaken as long as it conforms with the standards

set forth in the Federal Insurance Administration Code of Federal

Regulations. Title 24, Chapter 10, Subchapter B. The Code puts

forth specific requirements which must be met to maintain safety

during the flood surge of a 100 year storm. All developments which

do not meet these specific Federal requirements will not be accep-

table land uses.

Coastal Inlet Lands:

The Southern side of Carolina Beach Inlet is within the Planning

Area.

Appropriate Land Uses:
(a) Conservation activities;

(b) Boat Landings;

poses;

(9) Ocean Erodible Areas:

Most of the beach front along the Planning Area is experiencing

erosion. Due to the U. S. Corps of Engineers berm and dune pro4pCt

which included some beach replenishment, an accurate estimate of the

average annual rate of erosion is not available as of thi-_ writing.

In view of several factors involved here - the berm and dune pruiect;

intensive development behind the project; local, State and Fede-al

funding of the project--there is some question whether a 25 year
recession line should be est0lished or whether the limit of -,-he pro-

ject should be used. The beach area north of the Town Limits has

experienced very rapid and unchecked erosion since the opening of

Carolina Beach Inlet.

Appropriate LAnd Uses:

(4) Fishing piers which are elevated enough to allow lateral access

along the beach front;

(b) Utility Maintenance;

interest.

(10) Estuarine and River Areas:

Estuarine erodible areas include the east shore of Myrtle Grove

Sound and the East bank of the Intracoastal Waterway just opposite

the eastern end of Snow'-s Cut. Because of the small size of these

areas no data exists to establish an erosion rate.

Appropriate Land Uses:

(a) Conservation measures when such measures are in the public

interest.

(b) Development Standards Applicable to all AEC

1. No development should be allowed in any Ayeas of Environ-

mental Concern which would result in a violation of any
rules, regulations, or laws of the State of !'orth Carolina.

the Federal government or any county or town government in which the

development takes place,

2. No development should be allowed in any AEC which would have a

substantial likelihood of causing pollution of the waters of the State

to the extent that such waters would be closed to the taking of shell-

fish under standards set by the Commission for Health Services pursuant

to G. S. 120-169.01.

C. Implementation - Major public actions nf:eded to implement the Land
Development are listed below. Through the years, as goals and objectives are
met or as changes are needed, these actions should be modified and new actions

begun to meet the needs of the ccmmunity.

Immediate Priorities

(1) Complete the water and sewer system improvements
(2) Enforce building code, zoning ordinance and other codes and

ordinances to insure proper and safe development.
(3) Encourage public participation in government decisions through

the use of informal meetings, newsletters, etc.
(4) Study existing tax structure and rate to determine the ability to

to Ifinance needed services, i.e., policies, public works, water

and sewer systems, fire protection.
(5) Update the capital budget, seeking advisory technical help from
3vailable sources, to plan and budget for equipment and facility

expansicn to meet the public need.

NeaT Term Priorities 1976-1980
(1) Continue code enforcement and qualify for permit letting under

C.A.M.A.

(2) Conduct a drainage study for the Town and seek county assistance

for study of Wilmington Beach area.
(3) Cont*,,.,* to review levels of public services and upgrade as needed.

(4) Maintain contact and communication with residents and property
owners through monthly newsletters (include with water bill) and
public meetings to discuss town action.
(5) Conduct annexation feasibility program and schedule areas for

annexation.

(6) Conduct campaign to 1Vnd and implement a program of stabiliza-

tion of Carolina Beach Inlet.

Lonq Term Priorities ( 980-1990)
(1) Conduct review and update of the Land Use Plan.
(2) Continue code enforcement programs with review and revision as
needed to maintain requirements of CAMA to protect the national

environment.

(3) Continue to seek public imput in the governmental process.
(4) Upgrade services as needed for future development.

VII. Conclusion

Carolina Beach began its planning program in the aftermath of

Hurricane Hazel in the 1950's. This program has been a continuing one with
varying degrees of success. In order for the current program to be successful the
citizens must play an active part by participating in the decisions made now and
in the future. Without your help,the land use plan cannot achieve the goals and
objectives. Speak up and get involved! Your help is needed.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I

11. DESCRIPTION OF PRESENT CONDITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
A. Population and Economy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
B. Existing Land Use . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
C. Current Plans, Policies and Regulations . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

III. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION ACTIVITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
A. Major Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
B. Alternatives for Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
C. Land Use Objectives, Policies and Standards . . . . . . . . . . 28
D. Process Used to Determine Objectives and Standards . . . . . . . 31
E. Methods Employed In Public Participation . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

IV. CONSTRAINTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
A. Land Suitability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
1) Physical Limitations for Development . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
a) Hazard Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
(1) Man-Made Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
(2) Natural . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
b) Soil Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
c) Water Supply Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
d) Steep Slopes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

TABLE OF CONTENTS

(Con t.)
2) @ragile Areas . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 44

a) Coastal Wetlands . . . . . . . . . . . . . o . . . . . . 44

b) Sand Dunes Along the Outer Banks . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

c) Ocean Beaches and Shorelines . . . . . ... . . . . . . . 44

d) Estuarine Waters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

e) Public Trust Waters . .. . . . . . .. . . . o . . . . . 45
f) Areas Sustaining Remnant Species . . . . .... . . . ... . 45
3) Areas with Resource Potential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 45
a) Existing National or State Parks . ..... . . . . . . . .45

B. Capacity of Community Facilities . . . . ... . . ... . . . . . . 46
1) Existing Water and Sewer Service Areas . . . .. . . . . . . . 47
2) Water System and Degree of Utilization .. . . . . ... . . . . 48
3) Sewer System and Degree of Utilization . . . . . . . . . . 48
4) Primary Roads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 50
5) Schools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 51
6) Police . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . . . . 51
7) Fire and Rescue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
8) Sanitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... 52
9) Life Guard . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... .. . . 52

V. FSTIMATED DEMAND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . o . . . 53
A. Population andEconomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513
B. Future Land Needs . . . . . ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . ... . 57
C. Community Facilities Demand . ... . . . . . . . . ... 59

TABLE OF CONTENTS

(Cont.)

VI. PLAN DESCRIPTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
A. Land Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
B. Proposed Areas of Environmental Concern . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
C. Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

VII. SUWARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

VIII. CITY-COUNTY PLAN RELATIONSHIP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

IX. APPENDIX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

LIST OF TABLES

Population: 1930 - 1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Surrounding Municipalities: 1960 - 1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Population Characteristics: 1970 . . . o . . . . . . 5
Age Distribution: 1970 Planning Area . . . . . . o . 6
1973 - 1974 Population Estimates . . . o . o . . o o . . . . . . . . . 6
Occupation of Persons (1969) . . . . . . . . . . o o . . . . . . . . . 8
Occupation by Industry (1969) . o . o . . . . . . . . o . . . . . . . 8
Personal Income (1969) . . . . . . . . . . o . . . . .. . o 9
Family Distribution of Income (1969) . . . . . . o o 9
Existing Land Use . . o . . o . . . . . . . o . . . . . . . . . . 12
Estimates of Total Damages from Hurricanes . o . o o . . . . . 19
Current Plans, etc . . . . . . . . . o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Soils Interpretations . . . . . . . . . . . . . o . 0 . 41
Summary of Total Budget Revenue and Expenditures . o o . . . . . . . . 46
General Fund Budget . . . . o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . o . . . 47
Population Projections . . . . o . o . o . . . . . . . . o . . . . . . 54
1985 Land Demand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

LIST OF MAPS Follows
Page
Existing Land Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Flood Hazard Boundary 36
. . . . . . o . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .
Soils Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Water Service . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Sewer Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Land Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Introduction
11 Let's go to the beach!" This is a suggestion,request,or demand heard
throughout North Carolina and indeed throughout many states as spring and
summer approach. For those living at or near the coast,it may mean a walk to
the strand or a one day visit to a local beach. For those living further away,
it may mean a weekend trip or a week long vacation to the coast and for some,
it means moving into the summer cottage for a stay of from one to three months).
To the parmanent residents of Carolina Beach the "season" means many different
things--economic benefits for the commercial interests, increased recreational
activities, an influx of tourists-some old friends and some new friends, in-
creased levels of public service needed to provide for a safe, clean and enjoy-
able beach. To some the "season" is a time of good business. To others it is
a time to relax and enjoy the good weather, good food, and a stay at the beach.
And to still others it is a time when the quiet and solitude of "the beach" is
broken by the mass of people who stay up late, get up early, tramp across the
berm, leave trash and litter everywhere and, in general, spoil the beauty of

the area.
In 1974, the North Carolina General Assembly recognizing the view
points expressed above passed the Coastal Area Management Act of 1974. In
passing the Act (CAMA) the General Ass@mbly declared," that among North
Carolina's most valuable resources are its coastal land and waters. The
Coastal area, and in particular.the estuaries, are among the most biologically
productive regions of this State and of the nation. Coastal and estuarine
waters and marshlands provide almost 90 percent (90%) of the most productive
sport fisheries on the east coast of the United States."
"In recent years the coastal area has been subjected to increasing
pressures which are the result of the often conflicting need of a society ex-
panding in industrial development, in population, and in the recreational

8s pirations of its citizens. Unless these pressures 'are controlled by co-

ordinated management, the very features of the coast which make it economically,

esthetically, and ecologically rich will be destroyed."

The Coastal Area Management Act calls for ". - - a comprehensive plan

for the protection, preservation, orderly development, and mariagemen t of the

coastal area of North Carolina."

"In the implementation of the coastal area management plan, the public's

opportunity to enjoy the physical, esthetic, cultural, and recreational qualities

of the natural shorelines of the State shall be preserved to the greatest extent

feasible, water resources shall be managed in order to preserve and enhance water

quality and to provide optimum utilization of water resources; land resources

shall be managed in order to guide growth and development and to minimize damage

to the natural environment,and private property rights shall be preserved in

accord with the Constitution of this State and of the United States."

The Act is in four parts, each dealing with one aspect of a comprehensive

management program. The four parts are: Organization and Goals, Plannia

Processes, Areas of Etivir-6nMeAtal. Concern, and Permit Letting and Enforcement.

Part one, Organization and Goal , establishes the fifteen member

Coastal Resources Commission with an advisory council composed of members with

special technical backgrounds from both State and local government. The Coastal

Resources Commission members are all residents of the twenty county coastal area

and are appointed by the Governor from a list of nominees from the local govern-

ments involved in the coastal area, The goals stated in the Act are:

(1) to provide a management system capable of preserving and
managing the natural ecological conditions of the estua-
rines, and the dunes and the beaches:

(2) to insures the that the development or preservation of the
land and water resources is consistent with the land and
water capabilities;

(3) to insure the orderly and balanced use and preservation
of our coastal resources'on behalf of the people of North
Carolina and the nation; and

(4) to establish policies, guidelines, and standards for the
use, protection, and development of our coastal lands and
water

Part two, Planning Processes, establishes the authority of the CRC

to prepare guidelines for local land use plans and delegate to local government

the responsibility to prepare its own land use plan consistent with the guide-

lines.

Part three, Areas of Environmental Concern, gives the Coastal

Resources Commission the authority to adopt and designate Areas of Environment

Concern. Once these AEC'S are established the local land use plans will be used

as guides in the issuance of permits for development in the designated AEC's.

Part four, Permit Letting and Enforcement, establishes the criteria for

enforcement of the land use plans within Areas of Environmental Concern. Any

development within an Area of Environmental Concern must have a permit. The Act does

not require permits for development outside Areas of Environmental Concern. The Act

requires the following projects in areas on environmental concern to obtain a permit

from the Coastal Resources Commission: those projects currently needing state

permits; those of greater than 20 acres in size; those that involve drilling or

excavating natural resources on land or under water; those which involve construction

of one or more stru ctures having an area in excess of 60,000 square feet will require

a permit from the Coastal Resources Commission. Local governments will establish

regulations for what types of developments in Areas of Environmental Concern will

need permits from them.

II. DESCRIPTION OF PRESENT CONDITIONS

Population
Carolina Beach's population deviates from what one would normally find
in a North Carolina municipality in two ways: first, the population fluctuates
drastically with changes in seasons and secondly, the resort nature of the
area has affected the permanent population (e.g. many retired people, very
few non-whites, etc.). The town is tailored to the resort and seasonal
trades, and maintains its economic livelihood largely from them.
The total population of the Town of Carolina Beach was 1,663 persons in
1970, while the Carolina Beach Planning Area encompassed 574 additional
persons, yielding a total population of 2,237. The town grew rapidly from
1960 to 1970, increasing by almost 40%; in contrast, New Hanover County as
a whole grew at a rate of only about 16%. Although figures are unavailable
for the Planning Area during this period, it would probably be safe to assume
that it also grew rapidly, for the U.S. Census records a 58% increase for
Federal Point Township during the decade, reflecting growth in unincorporated

areas of the township.
Population characteristics indicate that both the Town of Carolina
Beach and the Planning Area are somewhat "older" than the state and county.
The median age of the town, for example, is 31.1 years compared to 27.8
years for New Hanover County*and 26.5 years for the state. This median
age (the point at which half of the population is older and half are younger)
seems to reinforce the notion that Carolina Beach appeals to the retiree.
In addition, the proportion of the population under 18 and over 65 are,
respectively, less than and greater than state and county figures.

The Carolina Beach area also contains slightly more females and a much
smaller proportion of non-whites than the county and state. Although exact
seasonal populations are difficult to pinpoint, estimates range from 20,000 -
30,000, or roughly ten to twenty times the year round permanent population.
Population statistics for the Town and Planning Area are enumerated

below:

Population: 1930 - 1970

Carolina Beach Federal Point Twp New Hanover Coun@y
1930 95 792 43,010
1940 637 +570.5% 1,409 +77.9%) 47,935 +11.5%
1950 1,080 + 69.5% 2,473 +75.5%) 63,272 +32.0%
1960 1,192 + 10.4% 3,234 +30.8% 71,742 +13.4%@
1970 1,663 + 39.5% 5,113 +58.ffl 82,996 (+15.7%)

Surrounding Municipalities: 1960 - 1970

. 1960 1970 Percent Change
Carolina Beach 1,192 1,663 +39.5%
Kure Beach 293 394 +34.5%
Wilmington 44,013 46,169 + 4.9%
Wrightsville Beach 723 1,701 +135.3%

Population Characteristics: 1970 Median
Total Male Female White Black/Other Under 18 Over 65 Age
Carolina Beach 1663 46.5t 53.5% -9-9-.-2f 0.8% -3-0-.-4%- 11.5% 31.1%
Planning Area 2237 46.9% 53.1% 99.4% 0.6% 30.5% 11.6% -
Federal Point Twp.5113 49.9% 50.1% 90.4% 9.6% 32.3% 8.5% 28.3%
New Hanover Co. 82996 47.8% 52.2% 64.2% 35.8% 34.5% 8.4% 27.8%
North Carolina 5082059 49.0% 51.0% 77.0% 23.0% 34.6% 8.1% 26.5%

Age Distribution: 1970 Carblina Beach Planning Area

Male Female Total 1%
Under 5 73 91 164 7.3%
5 9 105 107 212 9.5%
10 14 69 98 167 7.5%
15 19 108 99 207 9.2%
20 24 70 93 163 7.3%
25 34 162 158 320 14.3%
35 44 115 106 221 9.9%
45 54 144 144 254 11.3%
55 64 ill 160 271 12.1%
65 74 115 96 211 9.4%
Over 75 19 32 51 2.3%
1,057' 1,184 2,241 100.00%

1973 1974 Population Estimates
19731 19741
Carolina Beach 1,850 2,100

As of July 1 according to N.C. Department of Administration, OSP

Economy

The economy of Carolina Beach is very strongly linked to the tourist

and vacation industry. A quick glance at the landscape of the downtown
confirms this observation: there is a disproportionately large percentage
of hotels, motels, lodges, cottages, restaurants, amusement areas, and

recreational facilities in the area.

An occupational analysis of persons employed in 1969 who were res-

idents of Carolina Beach reveals that very few persons were engaged in
manufacturing while wholesale and retail sales accounted for a large percentage
of employees. Perhaps this reflects the large number of persons who operate
and are employed by the industries (such as food, lodging, and recreation)

which cater to seasonal trade.

Income levels in New Hanover County are generally higher than those
for North Carolina: median family income, mean family income, and per capita
income are all above the state average. Per capita income, for example, is
$2,761 for the county versus $2,492 for the state. Median family income

is roughly $500 higher. The median family income for the Town of Carolina

Beach is approximately $6,595... half of all families have incomes above

this level and half are below. The incidence of poverty in New Hanover

County is somewhat lower than the state average - 18.1% of all persons

in the county and 20.3% of all persons in the state are below the poverty
level (which is a flexible figure based upon number of persons in a family,
farm/non-farm employment, etc.).

Occupation of Persons (1969).

Carolina Beach
Professional, technical & Planning Area New Hanover North Carolina
kindred 71 (8.1%) 13.1% 11.0%
Mgrs. & administrators
(except farm) 90 10.3%) 10.4% 7.5%
Sales workers 52 5.9%) 7.5% 6.0%
Clerical & kindred 146 16.7% 16.0% 14.0%
Craftsmen, foremen, etc. 151 17.3% 16.2% 14.5%
Operatives & kindred 178 20.3% 17.9% 26.3%
Service workers 151 (17.3% 13.2% 11.0%
Farm laborers & foremen 7(.8%) 0.7% 2.0%
Farmers & farm managers - 0.1% 2.6%
Laborers (except farm) 29 (3.3%) 4.9% 5.0%
875 (100%) 1 -00-f - 1 NOT -

Occupation by Industry of Employed Persons (1969)

Carolina Beach
Planninq Area New Hanover North Carolina
Construction 91 @13.6%@- 8.3% 6 -T@ F
Manufacturing 105 14.6% 25.6% 35.4%
Transportation, communication,
utilities, etc. 30 (4.8%) 8.9% 5.6%
Wholesale & retail 198 (31.7%) 21.3% 17.6%
Financial, insurance,
business, repair 35 (4.8%) 7.2% 5.6%
Health, education, welfare,
legal, professional 46 19.% 14.0% 14.2%
Public Administration 44 5.0% 4.3% 3.5%
Other industries (includes
farm) 104 (16.1%) 10.3% 11.4%
875 (10093 100%

Personal Income Characteristics (1969)

Carolina Beach
Planning Area New Hanover North Carolina
Median family income $6,595 $8,272 $7,774
Mean family income - $9,368 $8,872
Per capita income - $2,761 $2,492
Persons below poverty level - 18.1% 20.3%
Families below poverty level - 14.3% 16.3%

Family Distribution of Income (1969)

Carolina Beach.
Planning' Area New Hanover North Carolina
Under $1,000 27 4.2% 2.8% 3.4%
$1,000 - $1,999 12 1.9% 4.7% 5.4%
$2,000 - $2,999 59 @9.3% 5.4% 5.7%
$3,000 - $3,999 50 7-.8% 6.3% 6.5%
$4,000 - $4,999 57 8.9% 7.0% 7.2%
$5,000 - $5,999 70 (11.0%) 7.5% 8.0%
$6,000 - $6,999 61 9.6%@ 7.2% 7.8%
$7,000 - $7,999 42 6.6% 7.1% 7.7%
$8,000 - $8,999 51 8.0% 7.1% 7.6%
$9,000 - $9,999 53 8.3%) 6.7% 6.9%
$10,000-$11,999 62 (9.7% 13.0% 11.7%
$12,000-$14,999 25 @3.9% 11.6% 10.6%
$15,000-$24,999 50 7.8% 10.5% 9.0%
$25,000-$49,999 .12 @1.9% 2.5% 2.o%
$50,000-or more 6 0.9% 0.5% 0.5%
637 (100%) 100% 1 -00

Existing Land Use
The Existing Land Use (June 1975) Map accompanying this text together with

the Table below illustrate the general use of land in the Carolina Beach
Planning Area. The field survey was conducted by personnel from the
N. C. Department of Natural and Economic Resources, Division of Community
Assistance in 1974 and updated in June 1975. The land is classified in

accord with the State Guidelines for Local Planning . . . which is based
upon the U. S. Department of the Interior's "A Land Use Classification

System for Use With Remote-Sensor Data,,.
As is true with many beach communities, the form which Carolina Beach
takes is linear. Development runs parallel to the beach front increasing in
depth to the west and decreasing in density as the Town grows. The form is
affected by two natural features which cut into the land: Carolina Lake and
Myrtle Grove Sound. The lake serves as the primary reservoir for rain water
drainage for the surrounding area. It is connected to the sound by a drainage
pipe which runs under Lake Park Blvd. Development south of the lake has been
sparse due to the extremely high water table in the area. Myrtle Grove Sound
prior to 1939 was very shallow with less than 1 foot of depth at low tide.
in 1939, some local people dredged a channel and boat basin some 60 to 80
feet wide and about 6 feet deep from the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway at
Snow's Cut to the prelsent barbor at King Avenue. Spoil from this operation
was placed on the eastern slore to create the land area along Canal Drive.
The harbor location leaves e northern extension of the beach with only
two access roads, neither of which is sufficiently wide enough to handle
efficiently and safely the traffic moving in the area.

Another land form which has had a significant affect on the Town is
Carolina Beach Inlet to the north. In 1952, local interests dredged an inlet'

channel from the Intracoastal Waterway to the ocean creating a channel some

6 feet deep, 70 feet wide and 3,750 feet long.

In 1956, the inlet had two openings separated by a small marsh island

with a rim of beach sand. The northern channel was narrow and winding

while the one to the south was slightly wider and fairly straight. By 1960,

the southern channel had shortened and widened and moved north approximately

20-30 feet. The northern channel had almost completely disappeared except

for a small trickle over the beach front. South of the main channel, there

appeared to be several small washover areas. In 1960, the mouth of the Inlet

had a funnel shape, but by 1966 most of the funnel shape of the Inlet was
gone. The small washover areas had also completely disappeared. There was
a small amountoe accretion on the north side and some slight erosion on the

south side of the Inlet. By 1972, the gorge of the Inlet had moved inland,

and the seaward end of the Inlet had widened considerably. There seems to

be some accretion on the north side and erosion on the south side of the

Inlet taking place.
For some time now there has been pressure to have the U. S. Corps of
Engineers stabilize the Inlet. The feasibility of doing so is under study
by theCorps. The study currently involves some 14 different alternatives
ranging from no action to permanent closure to relocation and stabilization
of the inlet. Corps officials indicate that completion of the study is

slated for sometime within the next two ye ars,

Center for Marine and Coastal Studies - N. C. S. U. A Historical
Review of Some of North Carolina's Coastal Inlet page 20 January 1974

EXISTING LAND USE

June 1975

TOWN EXTRATERRITORIAL AREA
Use % of % of % o-C % of
Acres Developed Total.@Acres Developed Total
RESIDENTIAL - Land Area Land Area
. Single Family 161.67 47 19 124.71 14 5
. Multi Family 5.23 2 -1 1.15 -1 -1
COMMERCIAL 18.36 5 2 23.35 2 . 1
INDUSTRIAL 1.07 -1 -1 .73 -1 -1
TRANSPORTATION2 COMMUNICATION
AND UTILITIES 3.48 1 -1 44.56 5 2
. Streets 137.14 40 16 307.64 33 12
GOVERNMENT AND INSTITUTIONAL 12.11 4 1 2.43 -1 -1
CULTURAL, ENTERTAINMENT, AND
RECREATION 4.58 1 -1 417.18 45 16

TOTAL DEVELOPED 343.64 100 (37) 921.75 100 (36)

UNDEVELOPED LAND 300.34 34 492.27 19
WATER 158.11 18 44.29 2
WETLAND 29.24 3 251.04 10
bEACHES 29.57 3 81.10 3
BUFFER ZONE 17.74 2 762.41 29

TOTAL LAND 878.64 100 2552.86 100

Source: Soil Conservation Service Aerial Photos 2/72
N. C. Department of Transportation Aerial Photos 12/74
N. C. Department of Natural and Economic Resources, Division
of Community Assistance Field Survey 5/75
Acreages computed ftom 111=4001 scale map with compensating
Polar Planimeter

EXIS I INU LAW U,*:)t

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COMMERCIAL
INDUSTRIAL
TRANSPORTATION, COMMUNICATION S tJTILITIES
GOVERNMENT 8 INSTITUTIONAL
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-'1*ER
A
WETLAVt
BARREN
UNDEVELOPED
A

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MILITARY OCEAN TERM

CAPE FEAR
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HAN8`y' BEACH CAROLINA BEACH
WILMINGTO14 BEACH
ATLANTIC OCEAN

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Residential

This class of land use is predominant in Carolina Beach comprising
49 percent of the developed land. -A total of 166.9 acres are currently
being used for residential purposes in the Town. This includes both
permanent and seasonal homes. The 1970 U. S. Census indicates a total of
1632 housing units: 311 were owner-occupied, 286 were rental occupied,
49 were vacant for rent, 18 vacant for sale, and 55 were vacant, but not

on the market. There were 913 housing units listed as seasonal dwellings.
This rather large number illustrates one of the major problems in Carolina
Beach - that is, the provision of public services. This will be discussed

later in this report.
According to records in the Building Inspector's Office, approximately
80 new homes have been built since the 1970 census. Forty-two of these new

homes were constructed in 1972 prior to the current slump in the housing
industry and some 14 of these were built in a speculative venture, that is
in anticipation of consumer demand. All were sold before construction was
complete. Since then, of course, the building slump has affected Carolina

Beach as it has most communities.

Commercial
'A Retail trade and services comprise 5% of 'the development land in
Carolina Beach. Of the 18.36 acres within the Town over half (9.3) are
devoted to motels serving the tourist trade. Most are seasonal businesses
which are closed during the winter. The rest of the commercial land use is
devoted to small retail businesses and restaurants. In the extraterritorial
area, commercial land comprises 23.35 acres or 2% of the developed land.
Motels account for about one-third of this acreage or 7.76 acres. The

remainder consists of service related businesses and retail trade. Several

marinas are located on Myrtle Grove Sound which along U. S. 421 north of

Town are located several restaurants, service stations, builder's suppliers

and other service related businesses.

Industrial

Industry as we know it is for all purposes uon-existent in the Carolina

Beach Planning Area with a total of 1.8 acres of land in this category. The
only industry in Town is the Carolina Clove Company. This firm employs
approximately 50 people and manufactures work gloves. The only other industry

in the area is a small surfboard company which cannot be considered other than

marginal.

Transportation, Communication, and Utilities

This category is the second largest in the Town with 412 or 140.62

acres. Streets account for 137 acres of this total. Small lots laid out

in blocks in a regular grid pattern account for the high percentage of

street acreage relative to other land uses.

Other land uses in this group include the telephone company, the

town water treatment plant and wells, and several public and private parking

lots serving the boardwalk area.

Within the extraterritorial area streets account for 307.64 acres

of the 352.2 acres in this category. Streets that are platted but not
opened comprise about 10% of the street acreage. The remaining 44.56 acres
consists of utility both public and private. The Town leases land in the

buffer zone for a wastetreatment plant and a landfill operation.

Covernment and Institutional
Land in this classification in the Carolina Beach Planning Area consists'

of municipal offices, churches, the U. S. Post Office, an elementary school,

and a rest home. The 14.54 acres accounted for here are less than 1% of the

total land area.

Cultural, Entertainment, and Recreation

Within the Town of Carolina Beach, there are 4.54 acres of land in this

classification: the principal use is in the entertainment area along the

boardwalk and consists of games and rides in a carnival atmosphere. This

is the area of most incompatible land uses - mixing children's rides, carnival

amusements, taverns, and dance halls immediately adjacent to some motels.

Some of the current noise problem was alleviated by several tall buildings

which have now been removed. Compliants from nearby motels have resulted in

court action and currently the Planning Board is studying possible solutions

to the problem. The Town currently has a Recreation Director who oversees

operation of a year round program. Basketball and other indoor activities

take place at the Town auditorium. Two small parks provide space for

tennis, tot-lot activities, and shuffle board for the elderly. Ten acres

of land have been acquired in the buffer zone and eventually, with additional

land adjacent, will be devploped for football, tennis, baseball and

multipurpose outdoor activities.

In the extraterritorial area, the Carolina Beach State Park is the

major land use in this category. Established in 1969, the park contains some

337k acres and has facilities for 70 tent/trailer campsites, picnicking,

fishing, hiking, marina (under construction) and nature study. The Venus

Flytrap (found only in North and South Carolina) is plentiful in the park.

Cultural activity in the area is centered around the Blockade Runner

Museum just north of town on U. S. 421. This facility presents a look at the

history of the fall of Fort Fisher to the Union forces thus closing the last

major Confederate seaport and hastening the end of the War Between The States.

Two of the most important' reasons for the existence of Carolina Beach

are recreational in nature but consume little land - the beach which will

be discussed later and the fishing. Fishing as a form of recreation in

Carolina Beach. takes several forms: (1) surf fishing popular in the spring

and fall but hazardous in the summer because of swimmers, (2) pier fishing

from either of two piers located within the area, and (3) charter boat fishing.

Charter boats utilize such a small portion of land for dockage that we were

not able to measure it but the fleet of boats that operate from the Carolina

Beach Yacht Basin and other nearby marinas are synonymous with the town and

create an identity for the area.

A Undeveloped Land

Undeveloped land is defined as vacant, unimproved land without agricultural

or forest use. This category comprises 300 acres within the Town and 492 acres

in the extraterritorial area. The 300 acres in Town represents 35% of the

total area of Carolina Beach. Approximately 100 acres of this represents 3

tracts of land annexed by petition within the last four years. Each of these

tracts were slated for residential development; it is anticipated they will be

developed when the economy improves. The remaining 200 acres,arA in blocks

and lots andare located throughout the Town with the bulk being located

south of Clarendon Avenue and west of 5th Avenue.

It is expected that those lands on open streets and near water and sewer

service will probably be developed sooner than the others. There are, of

course, several likely barriers to this probability: 1)"fill-in" of

individual lots in residential areas is unlikely unless an individual

contracts to have a home built-developers like"projects"; (2) drainage

is a problem in some of the larger undeveloped areas raising the cost of

development.

The undeveloped land in the extraterritorial area equals 19% of the

total land area. About one-third of the land is platted and probably one

half of this is in single ownership. The two thirds left are in rather

large tracts north of Town and west of Myrtle Grove Sound. The largest

single tract (71 acres) is located west of Dow Road adjacent to the State

Park..

Wetlands

The Guidelines define wetlands as "any salt marsh or other marsh subject

to regular or occasional flooding by tides, including wind tides (whether or

not the tide waters reach the marshland areas through natural or artificial

watercourses), provided this shall not include hurricane or tropical storm

tides. Salt marshland or other marsh shall be those areas upon which grow

some, but not necessarily all, of the following salt marsh and marsh plant

species: Smooth or salt water Cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora); Black

Needlerush (Juncus roemerianus ; Glasswort (Salicornia spp.); Salt Grass

(Distichlis Spicata ; Sea Lavender (Limonium-Spp.); Bulrush (Scir2us spp.);

Saw Grass (Cladium Jamaicen ; Cat-Tail (Typha 6pp.1; Salt-Meadow Grass

(Spartina. Patens); and Salt Reed Grass (Spartina cynosuroides)." Included

in this statutory definition of wetlands is "such contiguous land as the

Secretary of NER reasonably deems necessary to affect by any such order in

carrying out the purposes of this Section." (G.S. 113-230 (a))

Using the above definition and aerial photos some 280 acres of wetland

are delineated on the map. Most of the wetland is located north of town

between Myrtle Grove Sound and the beach. Inside the Town, areas &nsidered

wetland exist along the shores of the sound but are not shown on the map

because of the scale (size of the map). These areas are of great concern to

local officials and citizens because there is a need to establish a bulkhead

to prevent further erosion of land on the east side of the sound. Negotiations

with State and Federal officials on the location of the bulkhead have not been

fruitful thus far.

Beaches

The Planning Area has some 4.5 miles of beach comprising 110.67 acres of

land or about 3% of the total land area. Hurricanes and severe northeastern

storms have taken a tremendous toll on the beach converting a once beautiful,

'A wide expanse of beach backed by natural dunes into a narrow steep slope of-

sand backed by a man-made berm and dune which at times has failed to keep
AA srorm-driven tides from breaching the beach. The following table indicates

the estimated damage costs of six majorhurricanes that have affected Carolina

Beach.

The berm and dune project wbicb extends along the shoreline of the Town is

the result of study done in 1962 by the U. S. Corps of Engineers.

In November 1969 storm damage required restorations of about 2,000
feet of the northern section of the project. At this time a rockrevetment

was constructed from 13th Avenue north to the pier and subsequently extended

Estimates of total damagesfrom recent hurricanes, Carolina Beach area
(based on January 1960 price and development levels)

Damage Sept. 19, 1955 Aug. 17, 1955 Aug. 1, 1944 Sept. 27, 1958 Aug. 12, 1955 Oct. 15, 1954
type 111one") ("Diane") ("Helenelf) ("Connie") ("Hazellf)

Carolina Beach
Private $ 6,900 13,900 $361,200 $273,500 $360,900 $3,940,700
Business 13,900 124,900 137,600 63,300 166,500 1,085,000
Public 16,700 145,700 17,200 220,000 138,800 1,356,300
Beach 34,700 104,100 86,000 35,000 138,800 375,400

Subtotal 72,200 388,600 602,000 591,800 805,000 6,757,400

Wilmington and Hanby Beaches
Private 13,900 51,700 94,600 34,700 690,100
Business - - 13,000 - 205,100
Public - - 3,000 - 70,500
Beach 5,600 34,400 18,400 41,600 184,400

Subtotal 72,200 19,500 86,100 129,000 76,300 1,150,100

Total 72,200 408,100 688,100 720,800 881,300 7,907,500

Source: U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, "Carolina Beach and Vicinity Hurricane Report" May, 1962 page 42

s.everal hundred feet further. The opening in 1952 of Carolina Beach Inlet

has caused severe erosion of the beach south toward the Tc,-.m.*

Current efforts to replenish the beach in front of the berm is hampered

by a lack of State match for Federal and local funds.

Water

Water occupies some 202.4 acres of area in the Carolina Beach Planning

Area. This figure is somewhat flexible in that aerial photography was usee

to make determinations of areas of water, wetlands and beaches. Incomplete

data regarding time of photography and tidal flux renders the acreages in

these areas arbitrary.

All water visible-on photos within the Planning Area is Included in this
classification. These incl@de Carolina Lake, the State Park marina and Myrtle

Grove Sound. Also included are two "streams" in the area north of Town along

the beach.

Buffer Zone

This land consists of 17.74 acres in the Town and 762.41 acres in the

extraterritorial area for a total of 780.15 acres or about 22% of the total

land in the planning area. This area was acquired by the U. S. Army in the

mid-fifties-to serve as a safety buffer in case of explosion at the Sunny Point

Military Ocean Terminal across the Cape Fear River. This terminal serves as

a major transportation link in the supply of military ordinance for the

U. S. Armed Forces.

This land is also adjacent to the Carolina Beach State Park and negotiations

are c6rrently underway for the State to lease the entire buffer zone. Plans

U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, "Natlonal Shoreline Study" June 1973
page a32

are incomplete regarding use of the area, however, Army regulations will

prohibit high intensity use or any permanent structures that might contain

a sizeable population.

Compatibility Problems
Significant compatibility problems exist in two areas--between land

uses in the downtovin-boardwalk area and between man and the environment

along the sound and the beach front. These problems stem from development
begun on the 1920's when much less was known about compatible land uses and
little, if any concern, was shown for the environment. The implications

for future land use are dictated by the policies adopted as written in

Section III, C. Areas experiencing major land use change include the

Wilmington Beach areas south of town and the area along U.S. 421 north to
the Waterway. Both of these areas are changing from undeveloped land to

residential and business respectively.

C. Current Plans, Polic'ies and Regulati s

Carolina Beach has an active planning management program and

has had since 1059. The following plans and documents have been prepared by

the Tewn of Carol ina Beach with technical assistance from N. C. Department of

Natural and Economic Resources, Division of Community Assistance, The Capq Fear

Council of Governments, ana Henry von Oesen and Associates:

Document Date

A Development Plan for Carolina Beach Sept. 1959
A Proposed Zoning- Ordinance, May 1960
Ccfmiunity Facilities Plan April 1969
Comprehensive Water and Sewer Plan Sept. 1971
Ext;dterritorial Jurisdiction Ordinance June 1972
bning Ordinance Revisions (Flood
Insurance Regulations) Dec. 1971
Subdivision Regulations Dec. 1972
Zoning Ordinance'(Extrate@ritor ial Jurisdiction) Sept. 1972
Thoroughfare Plan 1972
Annexation Feasibility Report Dec. 1972
Commercial Area Improvements Proposal Junn 1973
Governmental Management Review August 1973
Flood Insurance Regulation Ordinance Sept. 1974
Capital Improvements Budget -Jan 1975
The Town enforces the followling land use controls within the Planning
Area:

Zoning Ordinance 8 residentia 1, 4 business. and 1 industrial zonE.
The Ordinance specifically relates to Federal Flood Insurance Regulations.
Subdivision Regulations written and adopted as part of entry into
Regular Phase of Fed@_r_a]Flood Insurance Program.
Flood Insurance Regulation Ordinance - specifically requires compliance
with all pFa-sesof Federal Flood-Insurance Regulations.
New Hanover County Sedimentation Control Ordinance - enforced by County
Engineers ky resolution of Town Council.
N. C. State Building Code - enforced with more stringent requirements
approved for T_oW@s -in hurricane zone.
New Hanc nk Regulations enforced by County Health
Department in parts of P1 anning Area without public sewer.

Federal and State regulations affecting coastal land and water resources
have not been made available as of the date of this Plan.

n I. Public Participation Activities

Public participation in the local land use plan is mandat ed by the

Coastal Resources Cor-wiission. For any plan to be effective it must reflect the
needs and desires ef the local citizens. The goals and objectives listed below
were developed over a series of meetings, surveys and interviews. They ,have been
presented in several public meetings which have been advertised by telev@1,1.s:ion,
radio, newspaper. posters, @andbills and word-of-mouth. Attendance was not as
good as we would have liked but response to the presentation of those pres*ent'wa's'.
good and discussions lively. Included in these meetings were discussions of
probable areas !of environmental concern and their proposed land uses which will
be discussed further below

1. impact of population and economic trends
The population and economy sect@on under Estimated Demand indicates
continued growth of the permanent population both within Town and
witbin'tbe extraterritorial area. There are new businesses locating
in the area and if the national economy begins to move upward then
the local economy should improve too.

2. The provision of adequate housing and other services
The provision of housing in Carolina Beach has traditionally been
a private enterprise. The Town enforces building and housing codes
and requires that substandard structures be repaired or removed,
however enforcement has been lax until recently.. Now, there is an
active program to improve the condition of hou 'sing in the area. It
is doubtful that the Town will get into the housing business but
local officials will assist any and all persons who need help in
building or improving homes by explaining the programs and assistance
available. A 'Community Development Grant application has been
submitted to the U. S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
for funds to assist in the water system. If future grants can be,
obtained, it may be possible to establish a revolving grant, program dr
loan guarantee program to assist those in need of housing repair who
are unable to get other assis'tance.

3. The conservation of prod ctive natural resources
The area's -;-iost important productive natural resources are its
groundwater supply, its coastal wetlands, its beaches and shoreline,
its estuarine waters, and. sand dunes or in this case the berm.
Detailed discussions of these areas may be found in the Constraints
section of the report. Man must survive and to do so the environment
must be protected. This is not to imply that the two are incompatible,
though many times this seems the case.

4. The protection of important natural environments
Certain areas are indicative of nature before man began to develop
the towns aud cornnunities throughout the state and nation. These areas
should be prot,cted and kept as natural as possible so that future
generations c.-n know and experience the kind of growth that comes from
seeing a wild -:reature or plant and. its habitat. Areas such as the

Carolina Eeach State Park should lie carefully de-c-Ir-ped as nature
preserves with minimum, amounts of int,@nse '_,se. f.0
5. The protection of cultural and historic resources
The history of an area and its cultural background c-in play an
important part in its future. Vie Blockade Runner Viuseurn is an
important cultural asset to the community depicting rLe i to -y f
the battle of Fort Fisher to the south. Sugar Loaf Hill in the
Buffer Zone is the,site of the last known Indian s(ttlement in
the county and surely is of some value both culturally and historically.

A. Major Issues - Carolina Beach in a typical summer resort corinunity

in rrany ways and yet has a 'character of its own. The following issues have becn

identified by surveys, public meetings and interviews:

Population and future growth - Most of the surveys and meetings

indicated a preference for increased population. I-lore single-family homes,

some condominiums, and less apartments were preferred by the people who responded

to the surveys and came to meetings. Single-family homes tend to 1-e-@Ult in in-

creased costs of services. Condominiums and single family homes both imply
ownership and a certain stability while . apartments attract a more mobile pepulation.

2. Provision of Public Services. This issue has been the most visible

one in Carolina Beach for some time. How much service is needed? What should it.

cost? Who should pay for it? These questions have been as.ked by local officials,

citizens, absentee property owners -almost everyone imaginable. The answers have
been the subject of Town Council -meetings, planning board meeti.ngs,. public mr_-etinas,

private conversations and citizens' group meetings. Costs of water and sewer

service, garbage pickup, paving accessments, and parking meters have been in question

and will continue to be discussed as have taxes, license fees and permits. Results

of the surveys and meetings indicate a willingness to increase spending in most

public services - the question seems to be who will pay.

3. Development of Vacant Land. There are currently 300 acres of
undeveloped land within the Town limits and 492 in the- extraterritorial area. These lan
may or mnay not be intensively developed depending on whether or not they fall

within an Area of Environmental Concern as defined in the guidelines for Local

Planning and ultimately as adopted by the Coastal Resources Commission. Aside
from this fact is the hard economic question of designation of various types of

land use and the provision of public services to areas not currently served.

Water and se'ier service will be available in most of the town upon completion of
the cui-rent project and in some areas outside of town. Further extensions will

be examined most carefully.

4. Beach and Sound Erosioii. The once wide and expansive beach at

Carolina Beach is no more. The rock revetinent along the north shore of the

Town is subject to th e force of waves and tides. The beach north from the

Northern Extension pier to Carolina Beach Inlet is rapidly eroding and will

soon be breached by viaves crashing into the marshland behind the beach. The
ssues - stabilization or closure of C;rol ina Beacn Inlet and replenishment of

the beach by natural or artificial means. Without the wide beach and protective

dune the esthetic value of t@e shore to the tourist is no more and even more

important the area is subject to extensive hurricane damage.

The east shoreline along Myrtle Grove Sound is eroding badly in

soine areas due to several factors - wake created by passing boats and excessive

depth (up to 40 feet) in places cr.eated when dredging was used to obtain sand

for beach replenishment. The question here is not whether to control erosion,

but how to control it. Bulkheading the shoreline is an acceptable method and

here the question is one of cost. Most individual property owners are willing

to pay their share of the cost if they can regain land lost. If not, then

obviously, the cost will have to be borne by others, i.e. the Town.

B. Alternatives for Development - Several alternatives were posed
based upon the meetings and surveys. Some are feasible while others are not.
As mentioned above.Carolina Beach is typical 'of many coastal coarnunities and
yet different. The typical summer visitor sees only the first two or three
blocks parallel to the ocean, the boardwalk and the amusement center of the
To,.qn. Further inland,the perhaps curious visitor would find that not all the
beach homes are frame dwellings on pilings but that there exists a quiet,
pleasant are& of hornes and families much like those in his own hometown, people
who now the la%,n and weed a small garden when they come home from work. There
are people who wa:,t mare single family development and less apartments. Other
people want greatly increased commercial -resort type development while still'

others want growth to stop completely and even to decrease in size

The Coastal Area Management Act requires that developmen t be

"consistent with 'the capability of the land and water for dev@lppaent.,, This

simply means that development cannot be allowed to exceed the ability of the

land and water to accomodate it without suffering environmental damage. The

Town water and sewer system are both being repaired, improved and expanded not

only to serve the existing development but also to take care of the needs of
future development. Policy decisions have been made to provide the services

needed not only to protect and preserve the environment but to hopefully serve

t-he needs of some much needed growth.

Past development trends have provided for a mix of co mmercial-

resort development and for an attractive living area for permanent residents.

This trend will be continued.

C. Ldnd Use Objectives, Policies and Standards - Before any dis-

1
ussion of ubjectives,""'olicies or standards can take place it is necessary to
P
c

define what is meant by each term. The following definitions have been used:

objective (goal) - a desired future state or status; policy - course of action

to be followed to reach an objective or goal; standard - a quantitative or

qualitative citeria for measuring progress toward reaching an objective or goal.

l. Loog:Range Objective - To provide an adequate working, living

and playing environment for all citizens of the Town and for those visitors who

chose to come, in harmony with the need to make wise use of the natural re-

sources of the area.

Policy:
--to encourage good, sound commercial and industrial development in
areas compatible with the communities' needs and abilities to provide
services

--to encourage safe, decent housing for al I citizens
--to provide for the recreation needs of all age groups by the
provision of sites and services designed to cover a wide range of
desires

--to protect,' as much as reasonably possible, the natural resources
of the planning area consistent with the need to maintain a viable
community

b. Objectives for Specific Issues

(1) Poulation and future growth - To maintain and increase the

current growth rate consistent with the needs and abilities of the local economy.

Policy:

--To provide the necessary land use regulations and plans to en-
encourage growth consistent with both the specific objective
and the long range objective.

--To guide development into designated areas by the provision of
public services.

(2) Public Services - To provide the citizens with needed services

at the lowest pDssible cost consistent with good management.

Pol icy:
--To annually evaluate the adequacy at each service' P"'rovided and
the cost of such service.
--To seek any and all possible sources of revenue to finance
needed services.
(3) Develg!Eent of Vacant Land - To encourage development of only
those vacant lands that can satisfy)the goals of the Coastal Area Management
Act. Policy:
--To enforce the codes, ordinances and local regulations consistent
with the permit requirements of th;'CAMA.
--To qualify the Town as a permit letting agency for minor develop-
ments in AEC's.
(4) Beach and Sound Erosion - To protect the public and the private
interest from erosion consistent with the Constitution of the State of North

Carolina.

Policy:
--To work to establish an acceptable bulkhead building line along the
eroding shore of Myrtle Sound.
--To seek beach replenishment funds from the responsible federal,
state and local interests.
--To actively seek program of stabilization of Carolina Beach Inlet.

C. Standards
The following standards.will be considered in evaluating development
proposals:

Cori-inercial developmeat should:

--locate near intersection of major roads to better serve trade areas
--not be permitted to develop in strips, but rather in compact grouped
units.
--provide adequate, safe ingress and egress and off-street parking

--have adequate space for future expansion
--have compatible signs which do not obstruct v;sion or distract
drivers

Residential development should:

--have public water and sewer within the Town limits

--be located so as to be served by public water and sewer outside
the Town Limits if possible

--have minimum lot sizes where public water and sewer is not avail-
able -20,000 square feet

--meet all requirements of HUD-Federal Insurance Administration if
located within a coastal flood hazard area .- -

--meet the requirements of the Zoning Ordinance and the Subdivision
regulations

Recreation development should:

--be located so as to be available to a wide range of people

--provide a variety of activities to interest more than one segment
of the population

--be compatible with surrounding land uses

Natural resource areas will be designated as Areas of Environmental Concern
by the Coastal Resources Commission. The proposed AEC's and appropriate land
uses for each are described in Section V1 of this report.

0. Process Used to DetermineObjettives'and Policies

The basic method used in formulating the'preliminary draft was meetings and

discussions with local officials, the Planning Board and citizens. Two land

development surveys were used - one maile d in October of 1973 and another in

June of 1975. .-The form used and a tabulation of the results areincluded in The

Appendix. Discussions occurringat public meetings were taken into account also.

It should be pointed out that as planning is not a static process, neither

are objectives and policies. They, like planning, must be flexible and subject

to the political, social, and economic pr6c esses.

The Land Use Objectives, Policies and Standards in Section C above are

the result of reviews of the preliminary draft-by-local citizens, Town officials,
The Planning Board, The Coastal Resources Commission and various public agencies
including County, State, and Federal ent ities. These reviews took place at 2
public meetings (February and April), one Public Hearing (May 11,1976), and at

monthly Planning Board and Town Council meeting s.

E. Methods Employed in Public Participation
-Public participation has been broken . into two subsections: Education

(the process of informing the public) and Involvement (the process of

absorbing the people into the planning program). The Coastal Resources

Commission has published a booklet entitled, Handbook on Public Participation,

which contains recommendations concerning the most effective methods to

employ when seeking widespread participation of the public in the planning

program. In addition, each locality's public participation program is

monitored periodically by the staff of the Coastal Resources Commission to

insure that certain standards are being met.

The goal of the public participation program is to generate some
commentary concerning the future of the-town from each citizen and public

agency and to transform these comments into a statement of local land use

issues, objectives,-policies-and standards. The education phase of the

program has utilized posters, pamphlets, newspaper articles about CAMA,

public meetings, and the City Manager's Newsletter. The involvement phase

has included the Town Council, Planning Board, administrative officials, and

private citizens.

In a unique spirit of Town-County coordination, the Town of Carolina Beach

and the Wilmington-New Hanover Planning Department have cooperated in mustering

public participation. The Couh ty in its planning program has divided the County

into planning districts with district coordinators whose primary responsibility
is to "get the word out" and solicit response to various programs and ideas

regarding CAMA. A sampling of the efforts by the coordinator for the Carolina

Beach Area is included in the Appendix. In addition to the example given, the

coordinator and the town planner participated i.n no less than 10 meetings with
various civic, fraternal and municipal, groups. These meetings began in April 1 975
and ran through May 1976. Additional coverage was gained by six televion inter-
views, fifty-one public service radio spot announcements, and some 14 newspaper
notices. Posters indicating time and place of meetings, and handbills (some 700

total) were distributed and displayed throughout the area.
Attendance at the various meetings ranged from a low of nine to a high of
around 45 with an average of about 20 at most meetings. It is generally felt
by Town officials-that while the..numbers -are-low, participation by the public
was better than expected. Land Use Planning in Carolina Beach is not a new and
controversial program. The Town has retained a planning consultant almost con-
stantly since 1969 and had, in fact, begun to update a land use plan prepared in

1959 just prior to the passage of CAMA.
The degree of participation achieved cannot be measured exactly. Response
to the mail-out surveys was low--less than 15%. Atten dance at meetings, mentioned
above, was better than expected and discussion at most was lively with many
questions asked and suggestions made. The results of the meetings, both with
citizens and officials, and the surveys may be found in the Land Use Objectives,

Policies and Standards.

Questionnaires
In October, 1973, the.City Managerls Newsletter, which is sent to over
1,000 taxpayers in and out of town, included a Land Development Survey, a
copy of which is included in this section.. Unfortunately, the survey was the
last page of a folded mailing and therefore the name and address of each
recipient was imprinted on each one. It was felt at the time that this
resulted in the low number of returns (62) which-amounted to less than 10%.

3.4

In June 1975, a second questionnaire was sent out via the City Manager's
Newsletter--this one was to get better results and was orientedmore in keeping'
with the aims of the Coastal Area Management Act. Remembering the snafu from
the earlier effort, the printer was instructed to place the survey form inside
the folding rather than where it would be identified. Again the survey was
ill-placed and mailed before the error was caught. Result? Thirty-six forms
were returned. The results are tabulated on the forms shown in the Appendix.

IV. Constraints

A. Land Suitability

The following is an analysis of the general suitability of the undeveloped

lands within the Carolina Beach Planni ng Area for development. Consideration

has been given to the following factors:

1) Physical Limitations

2) Fragile Areas

3) Areas with Resource Potential

Several areas which are discussed in this section may be designated as

areas of Environmental Concern. In the event this happens those lands will

be subject to the requirements specified in the Guidelines for Local Planning

for AEC's.

1) Physical Limitations for Development

a) Hazard areas

(1) Man-made Areas The Sunny Point Military Ocean Terminal

Buffer Zone described in the Existing Land Use section of

this report is the major man-mad e hazard area. There has

never been a major explosive accident at.the terminal,

however, this buffer zone is located as a safety factor

in an effort to prevent the unnkessary loss of life and/or
property should' one occur. The buffer zone prevents

expansion to the west of Town and any development of the

Cape Fear River frontage.

A second man-made limitation for development is the Atlantic

Intracoastal Waterway at Snow's Cut north of the Planning Area.

While it is not pa rticularly a hazard area, it does represent

a barrier to the extension of necessary services for

development,
(2) Natural Areas Natural hazard areas include ocean
erodible-areas,-estuarine erodible areas and flood hazard
areas. Most of the beach front along the Planning Area
is experiencing erosion, however, due to the Corps of
Engineers berm and dune project which included some beach
replenishment, an accurate estimate of the average annual
rate of erosion is not available. North of the Town limits,

the beach has experienced very rapid erosion since the
opening of Carolina Beach Inlet. Estuarine erodible areas
include the shores of Myrtle Grove Sound and the land area
just opposite Snow's Cut on the Intracoastal Waterway which
is caused by the tidal flux from the Cape Fear River.

The flood hazard areas are delineated on the FIA Flood
Hazard Boundary'Map 001. The Town of Carolina Beach part
cipates in the regular phase of the National Flood Insurance
Program and enforces the requirements of the program.
According to a report on "Wind-tide Flooding in New Hanover
County,-North Carolina" prepared by the U..S. Corps of
Engineers in December 1969, there is a riverine flood hazard
area along the Cape Fear River affected by 50-year frequency
wind-tide flooding. All of this area is within the Buffer

Zone mentioned above.

b) Soil Limitations

The Carolina Beach Planning Area encompasses fifteen soil mapping

units, as described in the Soil Survey Interpretations and Maps for

New Hanover County, prepared by the Soil Conservation Service of the

U. S. Department of Agriculture. Characteristics of these units are outlined

below:

7/706 Newhan fine sand

Located primarily along the coastline and intracoastal waterway;

most of the acreage of this type has been developed with residential and

summer beach dwellings; permeability is rapids shrink-swell potential is

low; water table normally occurs at a depth of six feet or. more; an

excessively drained sand, there is a possibility of contamination.of

water supply sources from septic tank use in areas dominated by the

Newhan fine sand; low in natural fertility.

76B/714B Wakulla sand

Has a high potential for most residential and industrial uses in its

natural state; permeability is rapid, shrink-swell potential is low; tendency

to lose water (excessive drainage) and low fertility make establishment of

lawns difficult; naturally acidic; water table usually stays below six feet.

78B Lakeland sand

Low in natural fertility, organ ic content, surface runoff, available

water capacity, and shrink-swell potential; rapid permeability; wate r

table usually ten feet below surface; acidic; possibility of water supply

source contamination from septic tanks when used for residences and industries.

79B Kureb sand

Permeability is very rapid; water table normally six feet or deeper;

low in natural fertility, organic conte nt, and available water capacity;

strongly acid to neutral; there is a danger of polluting water supply sources

from septic tank use; lawns and shrubbery difficult to establish; excessively

drained.

94 Dorovan soils

Flooded daily to frequently by tidal backwaters; poorly drained; water

table is at or near the surface most of the year; permeability is slow;

flooding, water table and load bearing capacity will prevent most types of

development; fertility is low, organic content is high; very acidic with

a high potential for shrinkage.

582 Leon sand

Water table varies between ten and forty inches depending on rainfall;

natural fertility, available water capacity, and organic content are low;

permeability is usually rapid in upper layers and moderate in loweer;

generally acidic; problems of drainage, especiall y where sewage effluent
f.ilter fields are used., are the major limiting factors for dwellings and

industry.

7240 Rimini sand

Excessively drained; water table u sually below six feet; infiltration
is rapid and surface runoff is slow; very acidic and low fertility; with

adequate fertilization, the Rimini sand has a high potential for most

anticipated uses in the Carolina Beach Planning Area.

76nB Baymeade fine sand

Water table is below five feet usually; low in natural fertility,
organic matter, and available water capacity; permeability is moderately
rapid and shrink swell potential is low; Baymeade has few limitations for
most urban uses in the Carolina Beach Planning Area excessively drained.

812 Johnston soils
Very poorly drained; water table is normally at or near the surface;.
low in natural fertility, high in-organic content and available water
capacity; strongly acidic; shrink-swell potential is low and permeability
moderate; usually located on flood plains; fl-ooding, high water table, and

load bearing capacity are major limiting factors.

890 Murville loaa fine-sand
Very poorly drained; permeability is rapid in upper layer, less
rapid in lower; low in natural fertility, organic contentt and available
water capacity; shrink-swell potential is low; difficult to drain this
soil for residential development using septic tanks; water table is at or

near surface most of the year.

891 Lynn Haven fine sand
Poorly drained; permeability rapid in upper layers and moderate in
lower; runoff is slow; water table is near the surface for about six
months, and about 10 to 40 inches below surface the rest of the year; low
in natural fertility, organic content,,and available water capacity; it
is very difficult to drain this soil for developmental purposes.

892 Marsh

Located on level tidal floodplains'between ocean and uplands; neutral

to mildly alkaline; used mainly for animal habitats, and is dominated by

cordgrass; should be considered unsuitable for development

6 Urban land

Has been cut, graded, filled and paved to the point that the original

soil properties have been altered or destroyed; is usually covered with buildings

or pavement.

it should be noted that the unsuitability of many 'of these soils for

septic tank filter fields is less of a. problem in areas served by sewer

systems than in areas which have no sewer service. The area lying within

the town limits of Carolina Beach, for example, would not be affected by

adverse soil properties to the extent that the extraterritorial area is

limited.

Also noteworthy is the fact that a large portion of the extraterritorial

area lies within the Sunny Point Military Ocean Terminal Buffer Zone, where

development is already restricted to a large degree. Most of the extraterritorial-

soils which have either slight or moderate ratings for foundations are a.1so

found in the Buffer Zone and are therefore undevelopable at this time.

'INTERPRETATION OF SOILS WITH LIMITATIONS FOR DEVELOPMENT
Map Symbol Soil Mapping Unit Degree of Limitation for
Name Septic Tank Local Roads
Filter Fields Dwellings Light Industry & Streets Recreation

7 & 706 Newhan fine sand Slight Severe Severe Moderate Severe
76B & 714B Wakulla sand Moderate Slight Slight Slight Severe
78B Lakeland sand Moderate Moderate Moderate Slight Severe
79B Kureb sand Severe Moderate Slight Slight Severe
94 Dorovan soils Very severe Very severe Very severe Very severe Very severe

582 Leon sand Severe Severe Severe Severe Severe
724B Rimini sand- Severe None to Slight Slight Severe
slight
760B Baymeade fine sand Moderate Slight Slight Slight Moderate
812 Johnston soils Very severe Very severe Very severe Very severe Very severe
890 Murville loamy Severe Severe Severe Severe Severe
fine sand
891 Lynn Haven fine sand Severe Severe Severe Severe Severe
892 Tidal Marsh Very severe Very severe Severe Severe Severe

DEFINITIONS
Soil limitations:
Moderate - the rating given soils that have properties moderately favorable for the rated use, can be
modified or overcome by planning, design or maintenance
Severe - the rating given soils that have one or more properties (e.g. flood hazard, high water table,
etc.) unfavorable for the rated use; in most cases, it is very costly to alter the soil or design a
structure which is compatible with the soil
Slight -,the rating given soils that have properties favorable for the rated use.
Available water capacity - the capacity of the soils to hold wa,ter for plant use
Flood hazard - water standing above the surface for an extended length of time
Permeability - the quality of the soil that permits movement of air/water
Shrink-swell potential - the relative change in volume to be expected to soil material with changes in
moisture content
Source: Soil Survey Interpretations and Maps for New Hanover County North Carolina, U. S. Department of
Agriculture Soil Conservation Service
Inventory and Evaluation Soil and Water Resources, U. S. Department of Agriculture
SqjjfonjWtiWWerN*W M

c) Water Supply Area

Carolina Beach uses groundwater to meet all water needs. Since groundwater

is the exclusive water source, Carolina Beach is not in any designated public

water supply watershed (as defined by the health department). Carolina Beach

is located within the Lower Cape Fear River Basin.

The hydrogeology of Carolina Beach is complex, unconsolidated sediments

from land surface to 130 feet BLS contain groundwater under water table

and/or semi-artesian circumstances; these water-bearing sands are tentatively

designated as the Post-Miocene Aquifer. Below the Post-Miocene Aquifer

is the Tertiary System Acquifer from 130 BLS to 180 BLS' is composed of

limestone, and is artesian. From 180 feet BLS to an estimated 1240 feet BLS is

the Cretaceous System.Aquifer made-up of sands which.store brackish.groundwater

under artesian and flowing artesian conditions. Basement is encountered at

1240 feet BLS.

Rainfall directly recharges the Post-Miocene Aquifer. Under favorable

conditions, the Post-Miocene Aquifer would be asignificant source of

recharge to the Tertiary System Aquifer since the intervening confining

layers are either now transmissive or would be under unusual differentials

in head.

Potable and possibly brackish groundwater in consequential quantities

is stored in the post-Miocene Aquifer; potable groundwater in sizable

quantities exist in the underlying Tertiary System Aquifer.

For Carolina Beach the aquifer of importance is the Tertiary System Aquifer.

Seven open end wells exposed to this aquifer could yield 1340 GPM or 1.93 MGD

high quality groundwater. Present quantity and quality of groundwater is

adequate; future availability is probably no problem with wise use.

d) Steep Slopes

There are no areas within the Planning Area where the predominant slope
exceeds twelve percent (12%).

2) Fragile Areas

The foll owing potentially fragile areas exist within the Planning Area.

Most of the ones li sted below will also be found in the section on Areas of

Environmental Concern.

a) Coastal Wetlands - A thin strip of marshland extends along the shore

of Myrtle Grove Sound. There remains a definite,question in the

minds of local officials as to the ecologic and economic value of

this strip versus the economic loss of adjacent property owners
in a'n area subject to urban development. There remains the thr eat of

loss of public facilities (roads, water and,sewer lines and lift
stations) in the area on the east side of the Sound along Canal

Drive to be considered, too.

A much larger area of wetlands (high and low tidal) is north of

the town between the beach and the Intracoastal Waterway. There

is almost no land that could be considered for development in the

area.

b Sand Dunes along the Outer Banks - There appears to be very little

if any natural sand dunes left within the Planning Area, most having

been destroyed by man and hurricanes many years ago. There is,

however a berm and dune fronting the beach within the town limits.

This was constructed by the U. S. Corps of Engineers and is protected

from development of any type of permanent structures.
c) Ocean Beaches and Shorelines (on the Outer Banks) @ The area of

beach from the mean low tide landward to the toe of the berm,

dune or first vegetation,.all of whichoccur along the ocean front

within the Planning Area..

d) Estuarine Waters Myrtle Prove Sound, the Intracoastal Waterway,
and the Cape Fear River respectively border the Carol.ina.Beach
Planning Area on the East, North and West. The value of each of
these bodies of water is indisputable to the resi dents and visitors

of the area.
e) Public Trust Waters - The Cape Fear Rivers the Atlantic Intracoastal
Waterway and Myrtle Grove Sound, all considered.Estuarine Waters
and described in paragraph d) above are considered Public Trust
Waters as well as the Atlantic Ocean and the landsthereunderfrom
mean high water to the seaward limit of North Carolina jurisdiction.
f) Areas Sustaining Remnant Species The Carolina Beach State Park
contains areas where the Venus Flytrap grows in its natural state.
This plant is native to the North Carolina coastal area and is

listed as rare.

3) Areas With Resource Potential
a) Existing National or State Parks Carolina Beach State Park, discussed
earlier in this report is located just west of the town..

B. Capacity of Communi Facilities

The Town of Carolina Beach provides its citizens and seasonal visitors

with a full range of municipal services. The budget for the current fiscal
year excluding the water and sewer improvement project ($2,160,994.00) is
$1,115,910.00, an increase of $171,068 over last year 's budge t.

General Summary of Total Budget Revenues and Expenditures
Dollar Amount Percentage of Budget
General Fund $613,334.00 54.9%
Water and Sewer Fund $251,831.00 22.6%
Debt Service Fund $ 92,500.00 8.3%
General Capital Reserve Fund $ 45,713.00 4.1%
Groin and Beach Fund $ 21,457.00 1.9%
Marina Fund $ 33,100.00 3.0%
Revenue Sharing Fund $ 57,975.00 5.2%

Sub-Total $1,115,910.00 100.0%

Water & Sewer Project Fund $2,160,994.00

$3,276,904.00

As can be seen from the table above, the General Fund accounts for

over half of the budget. The next table gives a general breakdown of

revenues and expenditures i n the General Fund. The largest source of funds

is the ad valorum tax closely followed by license and other revenues,

including fees, grants, etc.

General governmental operations account for 25% of the expenditures

while the Police Department requires 27.5%.

General Fund Budget

Revenues

Taxes, Penalties, Interest $264,794.00 43.2%
License and Other Revenues $222,224.00 36.2%
Fines and:'Revenues from Other Sources- $126,316.00 20.6%

Total General Fund Revenues $613,334.00 100.0%

,Expenditures

General Government and Finance $153,134.00 25.0%
.Publ ic Safety
Police $168,684.00 27.5%
Fire $ 60,344.00 9.8%
Protective Inspection $ 13,400.00 2.2%
Lifeguard $ 16,870.00 2.8%
Public Works
Street $ 55,030.00 9.0%
Sanitation $106,191.00 17.3%
Parks & Recreation $ 11,960.00 1.9%
Library $ 2,800.00 .5%
Law $ 3,200.00 .5%
Public Buildings $ 21,721.00 3.5%

Total General Fund Expenditures, $613,334.00 100.0%

The following is a summary of some of the various community facilities

and services provided by the town:
1) Existing water and sewer service areas the water and sewer

maps indicate the extent of current coverage and the areas
to be served when the water and sewer improvement project
is completed. Completion of th,e,project, begun in November

1975, is expected to be within 18 months..

2) Water system - Carolina Beach's water system is fed from
six wells capable of supplying approximately 1.2 million

.gallons of water daily. A 100,000 gallon elevated water

tank provides 60 65 psi pressure on the main at the base
of the tank. A one million gallon ground reservoir is fed
by the wells through the distribution system and provides
storage for fire purposes . Quality of the water is fairly
good with some sulfur, C02 and Iron.
The distribution system consists of 2, 6, and 8-inch mains.

Maintenance of the system is high since many portions are

old and have been damaged by hurricanes.. The 2-inch mains

are insufficient in size to allow for fire hydrants, leaving

large portions of the town without ade quate fire protection

except by tank truck.

3) Sewer system - The town 'has a separate sewerage collection
and transmission system with a Wastewater Treatment Facility

located west of the town on the Cape Fear River. The present
sewer collecting system is in poor condition in part with
portions having been installed in the 1930's and early
1940's. There are largo sections of the syst em that, due
to storms, high tides and general. deterioration, have failed
to operate and are clogged.with,sand and debris which prevents
normal flow, thereby causing a back-up of sewage in residences
and businesses. The collection system serves 65% of the

town area.

The existing sewage transmission system consists of three
(3) Lift Stations and force mains that deliver all sewage to
the existing sewer outfall at Dow Road which carries it to

the Wastewater Treatment Facility. All these lift stations
have recently been completely renovated and are in good condition.

The Wastewater Treatment Facility consisting of a.Bar Screen,

Aerated Stabilization Basin and chlorine contact. The
Facility was constructed.in 1961 and has a capacity of 1.0
million gallons per day or 10,000 persons. The facility
has been operating satisfactorily and the proposed sewer
extens-ions in town will not exceed the capacity of the
Facility. The town however, is desirous of upgrading the
Facility to meet current water quality standards and provide

for increased future standards.

Discharge is into the Cape

Fear River.

The table below lists the Effluent Limitations specified in
Permit No. 8083 issued by the DiVision of Environmental
Management, Department of Natural & Economic Resources on

February 5, 1975-

Initial Effluent Limitations

In mg/1 (lbs/dayl

During the Period beginning on the effective date of this Permit
and lasting until the date of completion of construction, discharges
from the Town of Carolina Beach's wastewater treatment plant
shall be limited as specified below:
Other Units
Effluent Characteristics, Daily Average Daily Maximum Average Maximum

Flow 1.0 MGD 1.2 MGD
BOD 50 (416) 75 (750)
Tot�l Suspended Solids 90 (750) 120 (1200)
The receiving water's temperature shall not be0increased above
.the-natural water temperature by more than 1.5 F0during the
months of June, July and August nor more @han 4.0 F during
other months, and in,no case to exceed 90 F as a result of
the discharge.

The PH in the effluent shall be such as to prevent a PH in the
receiving stream of less than 6.0 or greater than 8.5.
As a result of the discharge, fecal coliforms in the receiving
stream shall not exceed a log mean of 1,000/ml (MPN or MF count)
based upon at least five consecutive samples examined during
any thirty (30) day period; nor,exceed 2,000/100 ml in more
than 20% of the samples examined during such period.
4) Primary Roads - Carolina Beach has a thoroughfare plan map

which has been mutually ado pted by the town and the North

Carolina Department of Transportation.. The plan provides for

eventually moving U.S. 421 from Lake Park Boulevard and First

Avenue, west of town to Dow Road. No time frame is scheduled

for this action. Primary roads in the Carolina Beach Planning
Area are U.S. 421, Dow Ro ad and Harper Avenue. Averag*e Daily

Traffic counts-for 1974 provided, by the North Carolina Department

of Transportation are as follows:

U.S. 421 (Lake Park Bouleva*rd) at King Avenue - 6,100
U.S. 421 south of Harper Avenue - 6,400
Dow Road south of Harper Avenue - 1,150
Harper Avenue east of Eighth Avenue - 650
According to the Highway Capacity Manual*, the practical capacity
for two lanes plus parking for two way traffic is 5,700 8,200
vehicles per day. Capacity is defined as the maximum number of

vehicles which has a reasonable expectation of passing-over a
given section of a lane or a roadway in both directions during
a given time period under prevailing roadway and traffic conditions.
Based upon thi.s information, none of the primary roads exceed
capacity. It should be pointed out that the figures_given
represent average annual.daily traffic. Carolina Beach experiences
extremely heavy traffic during the summer season and especially

on weekends. Data on traffic counts and flow are not available

as of this writing.
5) Schools - The Carolina Beach school is operated bythe New
Hanover County school system. The school is an elementary
school and serves the population south of Snow's Cut. Older
students are transported to schools in and around Wilmington.
6) Police - The police force in Carolina Beach is.staffed with a,
.chief, ten men, 4-dispatchers., and a secretary. The department
@operates 4 cars and patrols a three shift 24 hour day. All officers
have received At least the minimum training required by the
State. The department is equipped with communications, connected
with the Police Information Network and has qualified Breathalyzer

test operators.

*Highway Research Board, "Highway Capacity Manual," Special Report 87, 1965

7) Fire and Rescue Carolina Beach has a fire chief, three,

additional full-time firemen.and a volunteer force of 30 men.

The department has the following rolling,equipment:

Unit Model Year Capacity

Fire Pumper 1944 750 GPM
Pumper 1952 600 GPM
Pumper 1970 1,250 GPM
Pumper 1975* 1,000 GPM
Rescue Modulance 1975

This unit is on order; delivery.date is November 1976.

The fire department also functions as an emergency medical

team with 6 full time (not additional) town employees and 5

volunteers operating a three man 24-hour watch. With no doctors

in town and the nearest me dical facility some 16 miles away, the

unit (new this year) has been credited with numerous lives

saved.

8) Sanitation - The town operates its own landfill in the Buffer

Zone. During the winter season solid waste pick-up is made 2

times a week in the residential areas. In the summer season

pick-ups are made 4 to 7 times weekly with different areas
receiving coverage as is needed to keep the town clean. The

Sanitation Department is self-supporting from fees collected

and the rate structure is currently under study for adjustment.
9) Lifeguard - In the summer the town provides a lifeguard staff of
11 supervised by the Director of Recreation. Line of.sight
coverage is provided in the boardwalk area and the beach front
is patrolled with a radio equipped four-wheel vehicle. All life-
guard stands are walkie-talkie equipped.

V. ESTIMATED DEMAND

A. ny
The Guidelines for Local Planning require that a population esti-
mate for the next ten years be made and utilized as the basis for de-
termining land and facilities demandand for classifying land areas.
Major identifiable economic trends or factors in the economy which
might have impact on future land use are required to be examined.
Three additional factors to be considered. in making population esti-
mates are (1) Seasonal population (2) Local objectives concerning
growth, and (3) Foreseeable social and economic change. It should be
pointed out that future population estimates are just that estimates,
especially in small towns. Lack of detailed data on births, deaths, or
migration (in or out of the area) renders the most accurate projection
method, cohort-survival, unusable. The following table demonstrates
the variety of "projections" that can be generated using four different
methods of analysis:
1 Arithmetic-This method asserts that a given absolute
numerical change in population from one point in time
to another in the past is the best means of extrapo-
lating a future population trend.
2. Geometric-This method asserts that a given percentage
change in population from one point in time to another
in the past is the best indicator of the future popu-
lation trend.
3. Least Squares-This method uses regression analysis to
compute a trend line "best fitting" the past population
data to yield an extrapolated population projection.
4. Ratio "Step-Down"-This method bases the small area pop-
ion on that of a relatively-larger territ6rial unit
which contains the smaller area in question. The assumption
is that the larger unit data maybe available that will
enable a more accurate projection.

Each of these methods are based upon the assumption that the
area in question (the town only) has remained the same physical size
in the past and will continue to do so.in the future. While Carolina
Beach has increased in size through annexation it has not increased
its population in this manner. it is expected that within the ten year
planning period under discussion, annexation of population holding
areas south and north of the town will take place. For purposes of
discussion only in this draft, the 1985 permanent population of Carolina
Beach will be assumed to be 2,664 as projected by the ratio step-down
method. Annexation may increase this figure but will not affect the
population of the Planning Area. Sufficient past data is not available.
to make any predictions about the population of the planning area except
to say that in 1970 the U. S. Census reported a total of 574 persons
within this area. Recent data provided by the Wilmington-New Hanover
Planning Department indicates that Federal Point Township, which contains
the Carolina Beach Planning Area, increased its population by 58.1% from
1960 to 1970 and by 1980 should have 8450 people for an increase of
65.2%. It is reasonable to assume that some of this increase will lie
within the Planning Area.@ The estimatd@is 948 people.
Seasonal population changes create the economy by which the town
lives. These same changes make it necessary that the town provide ser-
vices at levels that vary from season to season. In 1970 there were
1273 seasonal homes within the town and Planning Area. Using an average
of 8.49 persons per unit established by dividing the number of units (80)
managed by a local realtor by the total.number of persons the units would
hold (679), we find that if all available seasonal homes are occupied at
once there are approximately 10,808 additional people in the total Planning
Area. There are approximaLtely 411 motel rooms available in the area and
assuming full occupancy at 3 persons per room (most rooms have two double
beds) this accounts for another 12-33 people. Day visitors (those who come
to the beach for the day only) cannot be reasonably,estimated because of
a lack of valid data. Officials In the N.C. Department of Transporation
indicate that an origin and destina.ti,on.study of vehicle.flow patterns
into, and out of the area would provide the 'necessary information to make
such estimates, however no such study is available and, because of the cost
none is contemplated. Adding the permanent population (estimated at 2700

POPULATION PROJECTION

5 10 25 50
Year Year Year Year
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 2000 2025**

Arithmetic 1663 1859 2055 2257 2447 2839 3819
Geometric 1663 1994 2324 2786 3248 4540 7054
Least Squares 1663 1851 2040 2226 2411 2779 3707
Ratio'Step-down* 1663 2027 2390 2664 2939 3572 5177

*Data used in Ratio.Stepdown supplied by Wilmington. New
Hanover.Planning Department projections for New Hanover
County Townships

.**It should be realized that 50 year projections for an area
smaller than a multi-county region are relatively worthless
as a viable planning tool, however, these projections are made
consistent with the guidelines.

total area), the motel possibles and seasonal home possibles gives a
total of 14,741 people excluding day visitors.
As mentioned earlier the economy of the area, is geared to the
seasonal influx of tourists. Motels, apartments, cottages are-open in
spring and summer and closed in the fall and winter. The charter fish--
ing fleet is active, spring,summer and fall and closed by Thanksgiving
unless the weather is exceptionally good. Over a period of years as
the permanent population has increased there has been an increase in re-
tail stores open year round. Some-restaurants now cater to permanent
residents. A small shopping center is planned for the west side of U.
S. 421 just south of the Snow's Cut bridge. All of these are indicators
that the economy is improving and becoming more related to the permanent
residents.
Of course, all of these examples, cited will depend heavily on the
seasonal trade to round out the slack winter months. Local businessmen
and realtors indicate that the 1975 season was better than the 1974 season
but somewhat below the, 1973 season. The energy crunch is blamed for
the poor season in 19.74. Realtor and motel operators have noticed that in
1974 and 1975 more North Carolina people came to the area who used to
vacation further away. The presence of out-of-state tourists was down
due to the travel distance. An exception of this was an influx of Cana-.
than visitors due in part to an advertising campaign by the Pleasure Is-
land Tourist Bureau.
Local officials are committed to maintaining and improving the tourist
economy of the area. In a survey taken this summer (See Public Participa-
tion Section) 47% of the respondents indicated a desire that the.population
increase greatly and 30% wanted a slight increase while 20% wanted it
to remain the same or slightly decrease. When asked what type of develop-
ment there should be more or less of, 72% wanted more single-family homes,
50% wanted more public recreation, 36% wanted more commercial development,
36% wanted more public open space, 28% wanted condominiums, 25% wanted
industrial development, 11% wanted more apartments and non e of the res-
pondents wanted more mobile homes. On the negative side, 3% wanted less
single-family homes and public open space, 19% wanted less commercial
development and condominiums, 22% wanted less industrial development, 36%
wanted less appartments, and 50% wanted less mobile homes. On balance,
the survey respondents wanted more single-family homes, Condominiums,

commercial, industrial, open space and recreation and less apartments
and mobile homes.

B. Future Land N6eds
The Guidelines for Local Planning define five categories for the
classification of future land use: 1) Developed, 2) Transition,
3) Community, 4) Rural and 5) Conservation. Most of the land in the
Carolina Beach Planning Area will fall into Developed, Transition, or
Conservation. It is noted here that;the land classification system Is
primarily applicable to counties and does not seen to "fit" towns unless
local modifications are allowed. The land use plan is generally the basis
for a zoning ordinance and the general classifications provided in the
system are not sufficiently detailed to support zoning classifications.
For this reason, a more detailed future land use map will be developed for
presentation in the final draft. This map will break transition land s
down into specific categories as is the existing land use map. These
groups are more readily understood by the general public and therefore
may be easily related to land use decisions in the future.

The,following table indicates futureland/use acreage allocations
for the year 1985 based upon the " Projected" permanent population of the
planning area (3,612) and upon certain other factors such as expressed
desires for increased commercial activity, the availability of.public
services'. and additional recreational areas.

1985 Land Demand
Approximate

Existing Population Based w/facto s
Residential 2 TF. 7 6 -a-c .391.64 ac ' 2
Commercial 41.71 55.40 15 *003
Industrial l..80 2.40 20.00
Transportation, Communication
Utilities 492.82 659.28 660.00
Governmental-Institutional 14.54 19.45 20.00
Cultural, Entertainment
& Recreation 13.034 17.43 '35.00 5
Total Developed 856.66 1145.60 1235.00
Amount of increase 288.94 378.34

(footnote explanations follow)

1) Reflects a reduction in person per acre from 9.25 to 8.49
or roughly three families per acre
2) Reflects desire for increased commercial land uses; new
shopping center beginning construction has 17 acres;
motels and hotels are in this classification

3) Reflects a desire to provide adequate land area to accommodate
an acceptable light industry or possibly a boatworks or other
marine-related industry
4) This figure contains only recreation oriented la nd uses,
excluding the 337 acre State Park
5) Reflects a desire to provide additional amounts of recreation
land acreages for the use of permanent residents; the Town has
acquired 10.2 acres just inside the buffer zone at Clarendon
Avenue and Down Road and intends to purchase 10 more acres at
Clarendon and Seventh Avenue
The population based demand and the demand w/factors are 288.94
acres and 378.34 respectively. Within the Planning Area, there are
792.61undeveloped acres including 300.43 in town and 492.27 on outside.
Some or all of this land will fall within an AEC, thereby limiting
development to some extent.

C. Corfmiunity Facilities Demand

Using the "projected" 1985 permanent population of the total Planning

Area of 3,612 people (2,664 Town and 948 extraterritorial) most of the

community facilities currently provided by the Town will be adequate since

the current service level is based on a much higher season population. In

the likely event that the seasonal population demands increase, then it is

the intention of the Town to provide for the'increase.

Contracts w ere let and construction began in November 1975 on a

$21,160,994 water and sewer system improvement program. 'Items includ ed in

the water system are a new well,, modern treatment facilities,,,and new lines

as shown on the Water System map. All lines to be six inches or larger and

the system t o be looped. Fire hydrants will be located throughout the system

resulting in a lowerrating for fire insurance. Items included in.the sewer

system include new lines as shown on the Sewer.Sys.tem Map, three new lift

stations to serve low areas, necessary force mainso and a new,waste treatment

plant. The new plant will be capable of handling An average of .1.5 million

gallons daily with a maximum of 1.8 MCD. The table below lists the Effluent

Limitations specified in Permit 8083 issued., by the Department of.Natural and

Economic Resources,, Division of Environmental Management for the new plant:

FINAL 'EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
In mg/l (lbs/day)
During the period beginning. on the date of the completion of construction
and lasting until the date of expiration of this Permit, discharges from
the Town of Carolina Beachl.s wastewater. treatment plant shall be Umited
as specified Lelow: Other Units
Effluent Characteristics 'Daily Average Daily Maximum Average Maximum
Flow 1.5 M.GD 1.8 MGD
BOD5 30, (375) 45.(675)
Total Suspended Solids 10 (125) 20,(300)
Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen 25- 35 (525)

The receiving water's temperature shall not be increased above the
natural water temperature by more than 1.5 0F during the months of
June, July and August nor more than 4.0 0F during other months, and
in no case to exceed 90 0F as a result of the discharge,

The pH of the effluent shall be such as to prevent a pH in the receiv-
ing stream of less than 6.0 standard units or greater than 8.5 stan-
dard units.

As a result of the discharge, fecal coliforms in the receiving
stream shall not exceed a log mean of 200/100 ml (MPN or :MF count)
based upon at least five consecutive samples examined during any
thirty (30) day period; nor exceed 400/100 ml in more than 20% of
the samples examined during such period.

The new systems (water and sewer) should be capable of serving the

needs of the area for the planning period. Other public services such as

police, fire rescue, sanitation, and lifeguard are not as costly to provide

and can be increased as the demand makes.it necessary.

V I.. PLAN DESCRIPTION

A. Land Classification

Land Classification - The North Carolina Land Classification System
contains five classes of land. These are:

(1) Developed - are areas with a minimum gross population
density of 2,000 people per square mile; and at a
minimum contains existing public services of water
and sewer systems, educational and road systems - all
o'f which are able to support the present population. and
.accompanying land uses

Transition - lands where moderate to high density growth
is to be encouraged and must be no greater than that
required to accommodate, the estimated population growth
at a minimum gross population density of 2,000 people
per square mile
(3) Community - this clas's identifies existing and new clusters
of low density development,not requiring major public
services

(4) Rural - identifies lands for long term management for
productive resource utilization and includes all lands
not in the Developedo Transition, Community and Conservation

(5) Conservation identifies lands whichshould be maintained
essent ially in its natural state and where very @limited and
no public services are provided

A strict interpretation of the definitions above would place.the lands

of the Carolina Beach Planning Area.in at least three of the five classes
Deve loped, Transition and Conservation. All of the land wi,thin tbe@,Town

Limits (643.98 acres) which is developed or undeveloped, exc,lu ding beaches

and buffer zone, would fall within the Develo ped class or the tr ansition

class since water and sewer service is, availabl,e or will be within two years.

Roads and school se.rvice.is cur.rently,availa.ble tbroughout'the Town, The

density standard for developed and Transition,lands is 2,,000 persons per

square mile or 3.125 persons per acre@@ The population ratio to land in
town is 2100 people 644 acres or 3.26'6. Actually the population is living

on 343.64 developed acres for a density'of,6.11. persons per acre.

The land outside of the Town within the Planning Area will be

classified Transition, Conservation and/or Rural. The Land Classification

system is being studied by the Planning Board and Town Council. in con-

junction with the future land needs of the.area.

LAND CLASSIFICATION MAP

DEVELOPED
TRANSITION T
COMWNITY
RURAL R,
CONSERVATION p

CAPE FEAR RIVER

fi@ Ta@

-ri 7
,-- I

7 r'@T TT
I I j
*11T
-,q
gm P:r-q .1
IN
RIF

9 1 Ul -11

RPM iiL-
HANBY BEACH CAROLINA BEACH
wILMINGTON BEACH
ATLANTIC OCE

CAROLINA BEACH

NORTH CAROLINA

KALI FEET

- -------- ------ ------ -

sou"o
C,POVE

B. Prorosed Areas of Environmental Concern The Coastal Area Managd-

v.ent Act of 1974 requirA that local land use plans give special attention to
the protecticn and appropriate de velopment of Areas of En.vironirental Concern
acting upon local suggestions and following the statutory guidelines. The iden-

tification of AEC's by local governments will serve to assist the Coastal Resources

coc.,nission in the ultimate Gesignation of Areas of Environnental Concern an4
will also provide data for use in the local land use plans.
The identification of IEC's by local governments will not be utilized

for purposes of land use control or permit letting. Only final AEC's adopted
by Coastal Resources Commission will be. used in the permit letting p.rogram.

The determination of whether a particular site is within an AEC category will

be based upon adopted written descriptions of AEC's. Any development requiring
land area over twe-nty (20) acres or with a buflding of 60,000 square feet of

floor space will require a pe.rmit from the CRC if the froposed development is

within an Area of Environmental Concern. All smaller developments may be re-

gulated by local governments.

The following Aft's have been identified in the Planning Area:

1 Coastal Wetlands - Tidal Marshland

A thin strip of mars Hand extends along the shore of Myrtle Grove

Sound.

Appropriate Land Uses:

(a) Util.ity easements and facilities where restoration of marsh

conditions will occur upon completion of the project;

(b) Elevated walkways and piers to navigational channels;

2 L!ituarinp Waters:

1.*.yrtle Grove Sound, the Intercoastal W&erway, and the Cape Fear

Piver respectively border the Planning Area on the EAst, North

and '..est.

S:
Elevated pier and boat docks.except in maintained .na-vicable

channels;
(b) Public utility easements and facilities where th;r" natural con-

ditions will be )-vstorqd upon completion of the p.-,pjec-.';
The dredging-and maintenance of access channels ex;@ept in pro-

ductive shellfish beds,

3 Existing National or State Parks:

Carolina Beach State Park, is- located just west of the" Town.

Appropriate Land Uses:
Picnicking, swimming, boating, fishing., hikes, nature study

and camping.

4 Public Trust Waters:

The Cape Fear River, the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway and

Myrtle Grove Sound, all considered Estuarine Waters and describ-
ed in paragraph (2) above are considered Public Trust Waters., as

well as the,Atlantic Ocean and the lands thereunder from mean

hi gh/water to theseaward limit of. North Carolina jurisdiction.

Appropriate Land Uses:
(a) Fishing Piers i'n both ocean and estuarine waters-'

Access for marina facilities;
(C) Public utility easemen't;

(d) Dredging and maintenance of navioation channels;

Bulkheads, groins an.d1jetties.
5' Sand Dunes along the Outer Banks:

There appears to be very little if a.ny natUral sand dun8s left

wit@@n th,! Plannin g Area, most having been destroyed by ran and

hurricanes many years ago. There is, how.ever a berm and dune

fronting the beach within the Town Limits.

This %vas constructed by the U. S. Corps of Engineers and is pro-

tected from development of any type of permanent structures.

@@inp_Ciate Land Uses:

The.frontal dunes should be cons idered. unsuitable for all.develop-

nient which %Nould alter their natural functions. Appropriate land.

uses shall be limited to the following:

(a) Elevated fishing pier;

(b) 'Elevatee pedestrian walkways for public acces s;

All of these land uses should not damage or destroy the exi.sting

vegetation on the frontal dune.
6 Ocean Beaches and Shorelines lon the Outer Banks

The area of beach from the mean low tide landward to the toe of the

berm, dune or first vegation, all of which occur along the ocean

front within the Planning Area.

Appropri te Land Uses:

(a) Fishing piers which are elevated enough to allow lateral
access along the beach front';

(b) Utility maintenance;

interest.

7 Coastal Flood Plains:

Description: Coastal flood plains are defined as the land areas

adjacent to-coastal sounds, estuaries, or the ocean which, are prone

to flooding from storms with an annual probability of one percent

O.r qr,@:_ater (100 ycars flood). These areas are delineated and
id---litified L-6'_the U.S. At-my Corps of Engineers in conjuntfon with

flood insurance studies prepared for the Federal Insurance

Aeministration.

@pRropriate Land 'J'ses:

All accEptable land uses and development must meet stringent eng-

ineering standards which will maintain the structures, integrity,

stability and safety during a 100 year storm. All forms of deve-

lopment can be undertaken as long as it conforms with the standards

set forth in the Federal Insurance Administration Code of Federal

Regulations, Title 24, Chapter 10, Subchapter B. The Code puts

forth specific requirements which must be met to maintain safety

during the flood surge of a 100 year storm. All developments which

do not meet these specific Federal requirements will not be accep-

table land uses.

Coastal Inlet Lands:

The Southern side of Carolina Beach Inlet is within the Planning

Area.

Appro Hate Land Uses:

(a) Conservation activities;

(b) Boat Landings;

poses;

9 Ocean Erodible Areas:-

Most of the beach front along, the Planning Area is experiencing

erc:sion. Due to the U. S. Corps of Engineers berm and dune project

which included some beach replenishment, an accurate estimate of the

average annual rate of erosion is not available as of this writing.
In view of several factors involved here - the berm and dune project;
intensive development behind the project; local, State and Federal
funding of the project-there is some question whether a 25 year
recession line should be established 'or whether the limit. of the pro-
ject should be used. The beach area north of the Town Limits has
experienced very rapid and unchecked erosion since the opening of

Carolina Beach Inlet.

Appropriate Land Uses:
(a) Fishing piers which are elevated enough to allow lateral access

along the beach front;

(b) Utility Maintenance:.

interest.

10 Estuarine and River Areas:

Estuarine erodible areas include the east shore of Myrtle Grove

Sound and the East bank of the Intracoastal Waterway just opposite

the eastern end of Snow's Cut.. Becaus,e of the small size of these

areas no data exists to establish an erosion rate..

Appropriate Land Uses:

Conservation measures when such measures are in the public
interest.

Development Standards Applicable to all AEC
1. No development should be allowed in any Areas of Environ-

Mental Concern which would result in a violation of any

rules, regulations, or laws of the State of North Carolina,

the Federal government or any county or town government in which the;'
development tak es place.
2. No developmert should be allowed in any AEC which would have a
substantial likelihood of causing pollution of the waters of the State
to the extent that such waters would be closed to the taking of shell-
fish under standards set by the Commission for Health Services pursuant i

to S. 120-169-01.

C. Implementation - Major public actions needed to implement the I-and

Development are listed below. Through the years, as goals and objectives are
met or as changes are needed, these actions should be modified and new actions

begun to meet the needs of the community.

Immediate Priorities

(1) Complete the water and sewer system. improvements

(2) Enforce building code, zoning ordinance and other codes and

ordinances to insure proper and safe development.
(3) Encourage public participation in government decisions through

the use of informal meetings, newsletters, etc.

(4) Study existing tax structure and rate to deter mine the ability to

to finance. needed services, i.e., policies, public works, water

and sewer systems, fire protection.

(5) Update the capital budget, seeking advisory technical help from

available sources, to plan and budget for equipment and facility

expansion to meet the public need.

Near Term Priorities 1976-1980

(1) Continue code enforcement and qualify for permit letting under

C, A. M. A.

(2) Conduct a drainage study for the Town and seek county assistance
for study' of Wilmington Beach area.

(3) Continue to review levels of public services and upgrade as needed.

(4) Maintain contact and communication with residents and property
owners through monthly newsletters (include with -water bill) and

public meetings to discuss town action.

(5) Conduct annexation feasibility program and,schedule areas for

annexation.

(6) Conduct campaign to fund and implement a program of stabiliza-

tion of Carolina Beach Inlet.

Long Term Priorities (1980-1990)
(1)' Conduct review and update of the Land Use Plan.

(2) Continue code enforcement programs with review and revision as

needed to maintain requirements of CAMA to protect the national

environment.

(3) Continue to seek public imput in the governmental process.

(4) Upgrade services as needed for future development.

VII. SUMVARY

The Synopsis prepared in conjunction with this Plan provides a useful
surm-,ary of the most important points covered previously. A discussion of the
data assembly, analysis, and conclusions reached is useful at this point. The
expertise of various local, county, state and federal agencies and people has
been utilized in the preparation of this document with the planner acting as
gatherer and technical writer. Population and economic data was provided by the
U.S. Bureau of the Census, the Wilmington-New Hanover Planning Department and
the N.C. Department of Administration. Existing land use data was gathered from a
windshield survey by DNER planning staff, with some data from U.S. Corps of
Engineers' studies. Aerial photographs used were flown by the the U.S. Department
of Agriculture and the N.C. Department of Transportation. Soil limitation data
was provided by the U.S. Soil Conversation Service. Water supply data was prepared
by the DNER Regional Hydrologist. Data for community facilities was provided by
Henry von Oesen and Associates, DNER reports, Town Officials and other State
agencies. Analysis of the data gathered was the responsibility of the Planning
Coard with the planner assisting with the non-technical definition of technical data.
The major conclusions reached with the analysis of the technical data and the
public participation process resulted in the Objectives, Policies and Standards
Section and the Implementation Section.

VIII. CITY-COUNTY PLAN RELATIONSHIP

A portion of the cooperative spirit between the planning staffs for city and
county has been mentioned in the Public Participation Section of this report.
Additional aspects of coordination include the exchange of data between staffs and
the participation in review of the Objectives, Policies and Standards for con-
formity with the corresponding sections of city and county reports. Joint staff
meetings in addition to the public meetings have resulted in a good working
relationship at the staff level. At the wanagemen t level, the City Manager and

the County Manager maintain contact with monthly meetings with other managers

within the region and meet additionally when the need arises.
At the policy level, contact between the elected officials is on a more
formal basis. Generally the Mayor and Manager attend specific County Commission

meetings at either the city or county's request.
On the general public level an attitude of non-existence exists--that is to
say, the County does not include Carolina Beach. This attitude seems to be mutual
on the part of residents of both entities. Basically, the ideas stem from a lack of
public communication of the mutual benefits provided by each government. Carolina
Beach generally provides "hardware type" services - water, sewer, police, fire,
rescue, recreation while the County provides "software" services such as health,

education, public assistance, etc,.
Carolina Beach receives financial aid from the County for the provision of
life guard service to the general public. The County also provides services in the
form of septic tank inspection, sedimentation and erosion control inspection, etc.
One of the recommendations f or implementation Includes a request for county

assistance in developing a drainage plan.

CAROLINA BEACH LAND DEVELOPMENT SURVEY

the Town of Carolina Beach to progress In an orderly and desir-
it Is of utmost Importance to obtain the opinions and responses
The information you supply in the following questionnaire
of great value in helping the Town officials in developing goals and
tives for the future development of Carolina Beach.
1. Do you live in Carolina Beach year round? (yes) 43% (No) 57%

2. If you live in Carolina Beach only part of the year, when do you arrive
in Carolina Beach? When do you leave Carolina
Beach?

3. In what city do you live when not in Carolina Beach?

4. If you are a full-time resident, wliy did you choose Carolina Beach as a
place to live?

A. Beach and Boating Facilities
B. Good Business Potential
c. Growth Potential
D. Climate
E. Retirement
F. Housing Availability
G. Other

5. flow many persons in your family?
flow many are under 5 years old?
flow many are between 5 and 20?
flow many are over 65 years old?
flow many are retired?

6. What are the occupations of the working members of your family and
where (location) do they work?

7. Do you own any cottages, apartments or rooms for rent? If so how
many cottages? , apartments? rooms?
8. Do you own your' home? (Yes) (No)

9. If the owner lives at Carolina Beach check ,if not, where?

10. What would you most like to see Improved in Carolina Beach?

What things do you think have been neglected in the Town?

Would you like to see more commercial establishments in Carolina Beach?
(Yes) (No) If yes, what kind?

d
Would you like more multi-family housing units built? (Yes) (No)

How would you like to see Carolina Beach develop in the future?

PLEASE RETURN TO TOWN HALL AS SOON AS POSSIBLE

CITIZEN OPINION SURVEY

fOR THE

TOWN OF CAROLINA BEACH
Carolina Beach is preparing a land use plan in order to comply with

the requirements of the Coastal Area Managem'ent Act of 1974. Cne of the
Most important aspects of land use planning is that the plan adequately
reflect citizen opinions and attitudes toward the use of the community's
land--both public and private. The following survey is intended to give

each citizen the opportunity to express his oppinion. on land use problems

and issues. Your cooperation in answering the following questions will be
appreciated.
1. Ave you a permanent resident of Carolina Beach? yes no
or the immediate area yes no

2. If not, how often do you live in Carolina Beach?

weekends summer months

3. What is your age?
4. Do you live in a: ( ) single-family house
( ) duplex
( ) motile home
( ) apartment
condominium

5. During the next five years would you like to see the population of the
area --

increase greatly
increase slightly
decrease greatly
decrease slightly
stay the same
No Response
6. Which of the following types of development would you like to see more
or less of in the area?

More Less
single-family housing
apartments
condominiums
mobile homes
commercial
industrial
public open space
public recreation facilities
(playgrounds and parks)
otter. (specify)

7. ror what reasons did you choose to live in the beach area?
90 close to work
70 pleasant surroundings
11 low taxes
33 reasonably priced land and house
22 close to family and friends
48 single-family beach
*other

8. In which of the following areas do you feel more public funds should be
spent?

More Less s.

water and sewer
garbage collection
fire and police protection
schools 6)
parks and recreational
facilities and programs
roads and public transit
environmental Protection
industrial development
town management
other

9. What do you like most about the beach area?

10. What do you like least about the beach area?

11. Do you think development should be permitted in the following areas

Never Seldom Frequently

lands near inlets
beaches
marshes
dunes
inland waterway

12. Is there any particular area or type of area within the Town limits or
within one mile of the Town limits that you feel is unique or special
and should be preserved, or protected in its present state or form?

13. Please use the following space to make any additional comments you would

Thank you for your help and cooperation. This questionnaire should be
returned to:

Carolina Beach Town Hall
Carolina Beach, North Carolina 28428

-82-

PUBLIC PARTICIPATION SUMMARY

1. Evaluation of your Public Participation Program

A. Does your land use planning depend on the local planner for
direction or does citizen involvement offer direction?

The Planning Board relies on the planner for assistance in
report writing data gathering and analysis, and preparation of
alternate directions.

B. Unique features of your public participation program that might
be useful to other communities.

City Manager's Newsletter (monthly) is used to distribute
surveys, information, etc. Will also be used to mail out
draft of land use objectives and policies.

C. How did you develop your Public Participation Program?

The City Manager's Newsletter has been in use for several
years. The planner provided questionnaires, pamphlets, and
information for inclusion. Regular planning board meetings
are held.

D. Do you consider your public involvement a success? Please explain.

To date, because of the seasonal nature of business at Carolina
Beach, local public involvement has been slight. The tourist
industry, in season, leaves little time for anything except
work.

E. List some key citizens in your public participation program:
names, phone numbers

Mayor Richard B. Kepley 458-8222
Sheila S. Davis 458-8291
Arthur L. McKee 458-5111

2. Steps taken to inform.local citizens about the CAMA program
A. Newspaper - General articles about CAMA in the Wilmington Mornin
Star.

B. Radio - Spot announcements of meeting dates.

.C. Television - none at this time.

D. Bulletins, Leaflets, Newsletters
Copies of the CAMA guidelines, pamphlets, etc. have been passed
out at City Hall. Two local weekly newsletters have carried
articles about CAMA.
E. other Methods - Surveys mailed out in City Manager's Newsletter

-83-

3. Opportunities forcitizens to provide input into land use planning

A. Personal interviews

The planner has used this on a very limited basis mainly on key
citizens not directly involved in city government.

B Surveys

Over 1,000 were mailed out. Due to a printing.,error which resulted
in the addressee's name and address appearing on the back of the
survey, returns were very poor. A second mailing is expected to
correct this and hopefully get better response.

C. Workshops and public meetings

The City*and New Hanover County have both held workshops and
meetings--response has been slight due to the summer season*

D. Other opportunities

The planner is preparing a draft statement of proposed land use
objectives and policies which will be mailed out in the Newsletter
and given space,in the two local weeklies.

4. Quality and quantity of feedback from the public

A. Approximate perc entage of community providing input less than
10% from the survey at this time

B. Are all ethnic groups and social strata involved?

Responses received reflect a.full range of strata even though
returns have been slight.

Co Are non-residents and non-voters involvedl

Both groups have been included in the survey and meetings.

.D. Future participation activities planner

A public meeting of business leaders is scheduled for early
September to discuss land use issues. Getting information to
the public and soliciting response will be stepped up now that the
summer season is over.

E. How are you reflecting the responses you@are receiving into the land
use plans?

Response, however slight, is being taken into consideration in
formulating objectives and policies, however the Town Council has
the responsibility for the approval and adoption of the plan.

Person Filing Report
Name of Community Carolina Beach, N. C.
Date of Report -August 27, 1975

BEACH-O-GRAM
WEEKLY

PLEASURE
ISLAND YOUR "TREASURE CHEST" OF THIS AND THAT
-FROM HERE AND THERE - ON AND ABOUT-
CAROLINA - KURE BEACHES

Volume 3 Number 19 PUBLISHER and EDITOR: Mrs. JOAN McKAY 458-5068 May 9, 1975

CAMA
You are invited....
by Dick Levers
Local CAMA Representative
to the SPRING FESTIVAL May
SHOULDN'T YOU BECOME INVOLVED? 16, 17, and 18.
The Coastal Area Management A 'Fun in the Sun" week-end
Act of 1974 is planned for visitors and
is a state law that Island.
asks local governments of the citizens of Pleasure
The events begin on Friday
20 coastal counties to propose night with a "Battle of the
a blueprint (plan) for future Bands* at the Wishing Well -
growth and development. The Carolina Beach. Saturday fea-
local governments have been tures a Golf Tournament, Par-
asked by this act to work
closely with the local citi- The Boy Scout Troop 221 of ade, Antique Auction and a
zens in deciding what their Motocross Race.
Carolina Beach participated in The Motocross Race will be
goals are in planning, there a Cape Pear Area regional camp- held on Mr. Tregembo's pro-
best use. oree on the campus of UNC-W perty on the River Road. There
If this act is to become last week-end, May 2, 3, and 4. will be a cash purse for the
effective you, the citizen, Over 1 000 Boy Scouts swarmed winner of this race. There
must become involved. You over the campus. will also be trophies awarded.
should attend the CAMA meet- There were demonstrations of On Saturday night a street
ings in your area and express scouting skills and participa- dance will be held with music
your desires as to how you tion in events for physical provided by the winner of the
think your area should be de- fitness. "Battle of the Bands".
veloped. Without input from Troop 221 was awarded two Sunday features the Plea
you, the act will be useless- Blue Ribbons and the Carolina Market and the finishing of
All too often we hear people Beach community can be proud the Golf Tournament.
say, "my opinion makes no dif- of their Boy Scouts. A tired The is the first special
ference, so why should I bo- but happy groups of boys arriv- event of the 1975 season and
ther, or "They'll do as they ed home on Sunday afternoon. participation is needed to
please anyhow, they won't lis- The Boy Scouts meet every make it a success. Everyone
ten to me." This apathetic Thursday evening at 7:00 PH at is invited. Come out and have
attitude results in the local the CMA church. The summer is an enjoyable week-end.
governing bodies expressing a great time of the year for
opinions which may not neces- scouting, There is plenty of
sarily be ours. Later when out door activities. The scouts
their opinions become laws learn many skills that they
that do not suit us, we have will be able to use all of
a tendency to be offended, be- their life.
cause we feel we had no say in
the matter. True, every indivi-
dual opinion or desire will
not be enacted into law, but
a consensus of opinions does
carry a great deal of weight
Your idea may be just the one
to better our way of life in
the future here on Pleasure
Island.
This is a citizens partici-
pation program, shouldn't you Glenn Alvord
become involved?
The meeting date will be WALLY GOES SWIMMING
published in the Beach-O-Gram, A man rarely succeeds at any-
thing unless he has fun doing it.
watch for it.

YOUR "TREASURE CIIES'F" OF THIS AND 'FHAT
-FROM HERE AND 1'HERE - ON AND AfiO111'-
CAROLINA - KURE BEACHES

1@14Z
Volume 3 Nwrdber 23 PUBLISHER and EDITOR: Mrs. JOAN McKAY 458-5068 Jitne 1975
CAMA
UM, by Dick Levers
Several meetings have
been conducted on Pleasure
Island, in an effort to
generate interest in the
Coastal Area Management
A
ct program. Have you at-
tended any of these meet-
ings?
The program is designed
to have local citizens
express their opinions
and desires for the future
use of this Land Area.
Whether we want a drastic
rk"A" change in our environment
or are we satisfied with
the area as it is present-
ly. Do we want to increase
industry, commerce, tour
ism or whatever? If you
don't express your opinion
the elected officials do
XM
not know your desires, so
A
".01
QA let's 'give them a hand in
this program.
There will be a general
INEX meeting, for 411 citizens
of Pleasure Island, at the
The Eastern Surfing Association noW has its headquarters for North Carolina Beach Community
rolina here at Carolina Beach. This is a non-profit assocation that Building, 3rd St. at Ral-
designed for youth and young adults. PlanneO surfing programs bring eigh Ave., Thursday, June
Indreds of persons into our areas on a regular basis. Theqe youth are i2th at 7:30 PM.
most conscious of their health and physical well being- They cause no On hand to explai .n the
trouble. program and to accept your
rwo weeks ago the ESA sponsored a surfing contest here on Pleasure
recommendations will be:
land. Pictured above are the winners in this contest. This past week- Bill Farris and'Scott
I'd the North Carolina District 1A and 2A cpntost .was held..Next week- Redinger of Wilmington and
end there will be another contest and the fourth annual July 4th con- the New Hanover County
st will be held on July 4, 5, and 6. Planning Board. Jim Taylor,
The ESA is in need of volunteer help. If you enjoy the sport of surf- Department of Natural and
Ig or have a son or daughter that is active in the sportv'why not stop Economic Resources. David
by PLmerican Surfboards and talk with Paul and Brooks Pearce. They will Patchell, Corps of Engin-
glad to give you all information about the ESA. eers, and Dick Levers,
winners in the Skateboard Contest were.: Mike Bo gs, Donald Jam s. Area Coordinator for CAMA.
.9 e
tic Lawing, Jeff Wolf, andHal Webb. This is your opportunity
Menehune - James Austin (one) Under 12 to express your desire for
Boys-Mark Logan, Jeff Wolf, Mike Boggs, Hal Webb, and Jeff Lancaster. the future Land Use of this
Jr. Men-Wesley Thompson, Troy Reid, Jimi.Norwood, and Bill Salderson. Island. DOU IT MISS IT!
ens-Mike Kermon, Charlie Brownlow, Mark Bruton, Tiip Bland and Mike

2A Mens-Eric Lawing, John Graham, Mike Kermon, Robbie Jvhnson, Bill
pley
M, -,,r. 3A-Mike Healy and Kenneth Heverly
@-1-15 31,.-Toni Bryant and Brenda Seitter
3A-13auL Pearce, Russes Hopke, Les Brinkley, and William Heg@,mann

final decision will be made by him and the
main factor will be need.
To help make up their minds and
come to an agreed decision, our Com-
mittee decided to visit the Newton Grove
Medical Center and meet again with Jim,
Ralph and Dewey in the very near future.

Hindsight
--by Dick Levers
It behooves each of us to become in-
volved in the future of our environment
and land use planning. True, the basic
right of each individual, to use his land
The latter part of July our Medical trying to recruit a physician as well as as he sees fit should not be impinged
Committee met with Jim Bernstein and help fund and support Rural Health upon. Unless, of course, these plans for
Ralph Hagler of the Rural Health Services Centers. He said he was out in the field the use of Lis land, will destroy his
neighbors land o- causes an environment
of Raleigh. North Carolina, together with at this time just to review all the areas that is not conducive to the well being of
Dewey Lovelace of AHEC (Area Health requesting help in the way of a medical others or harms the local community.
Education Center) program of Wilming- center. He further advised that there will The destruction of the marshlands
ton. Members of the Committee are, be funds available for about five (5) along the coast could arid probably would,
Sheila Davis, John Foard, C. R. Smith, Centers this year and he will make the eliminate the shrimp and fish industry
J. C. "Mike" Bame, Charlie Allen, Tommy decision on where they will be located as well as the tourist trade those indus-
Tucker, Jim Burton, Pete Morris and based on need. community support and tries attract.
Jimmie Allen. All but Tommy Tucker several other factors. We have all made comments and ex-
nd Jimmic Allen were able to be at the Jim requested that our Committee pressed, derogatory opinions about dev-
meeting, Which is an excellent turnout. take some time to consider and decide elopment of the past. Have you ever said,
Jim Bernstein described the different which way they want to proceed, with "This should have been done", or "I
would have done thus and so" in some
programs offered by his office and ex- the physician recruitment, or the medical certain incident?*
-ained that they extend help to areas center. He further stressed that the When the areas of Pleasure Island were
formed into individual communities,would
it not have been more advantageous to
consolidate the area into one community?
Again hindsight.
Let us now, get together and do some
constructive planning for the future, for
the use of our land and protection of our
environment. Who should do this plan-
ning? The County Commissioners &
County Planning Board (they do not re-
side here) should these important decis-
ions for our future be left entirely up to
the Older Generation they have more ex-
perience. Should this planning be done
by the permanent residents only, by the
young, the part time residents, busines-
smen, property owners or only by those
qualified to vote. Are these important
qua
decisions to be by any one group? For
fair and proper planning all those men-
tioned above should become involved.
That is what the Coastal Area Manag-
ment Act of 1974 is all about. The Act
guarantees each of us the opportunity and
right to express out opinions and ideas
for the future of our environment and
particularily land use.
Attend the CAMA meeting that is to
be helped on Pleasure island in -he near
future.

*There's an old adage -HINDSIGHT
L is always better than foresight".

Pleasure Island Magazine - Published by Seaside Press Page I I

SOUTHPORT FT. FISHER
SAFARI CONTINUED. (TOLL) FERRY
A.
Effective May 16 thru September 15
giraffe looks the same on film. You can't Leave Leave
stand the roads, the , the animals... Southport Ft. Fisher
it's more work than a vacation- you're 7: 00 a.m. 8: 00 a.m.
9: 00 a. m. 10:00 a.m.
always exhausted. You've seen rhino, 11:00 a.m. 12:00 noon
buffalo, cland, hartebeast, wildebeast, 1:00 P.M. 2:00 p.m_
3: 00 p.m. 4:00 p.m.
monkeys and baboons. kudis, topis, and 5: 00 p.m. 6: 00 p. m.
-by Dick Levers
hyena s. The flamingos prance around
the sporatic fates while the jackals de-
our the rotting remains of a recent lion The job is not as difficult as it seems
kill. Impalas and gazelles graze in the tall to be, however there must be some PHOTOGRAPHY
grass. The leader of the herd is constantly hidden obstacles or some -special talent
on guard to protect his domain. It's all necessary, as only about 10% of the ALL TYPES
exciting at first, but it gets old very quick- citizens appear to be capable of making Specializing in Restoring
ly. Some, as in my case , even cut Cie trip the decisions that will affect most all of OLD PH0TOGRAPHS
short. . there seems to be a relaxing feel- our future fives. Only about 10% seem
ing getting back to civilization. interested in the future of our community C. K. Albertson
One of the most interesting aspects of at least that is about all that attend com-
the trip is not so much the animals, but munity relation meetings. Unless of 791-625
the native Masai people--a people who course these meetings are protest meetings
refuse to modernize, who live as they al- after the fact.
ways have, tending their herds, farming Qualification: No experience necessary
and living a simple nature life. There is or required, nothing special, except con- OPEN 7 DAYS A WEEK
one reserve called Wyorongoro Crater cern for your communit and neighbors, 2nd STOP LIGHT ON THE CORNER
458-8272
which is 12 miles by 15 miles, 2000 feet pride in yourself, your family, the county'
deep and filled with all types of wildlife. and the state. Plus a burning desire to Carolina Beach
There is a tribe of Masai, that live there in stop the destruction of our natural re- Drugs
harmony with the animals. It's amazing sources that is being caused by apathy
to realize that a tourist is told not to walk and the "Let John Do It" attitude. Reg. Pharmacist on duty
around because he could be considered There will be no immediate remun- at all times
game to a lion while the Masai, are con- eration for your efforts. There will be', JEWELRY- COSMETI CS
sidered their neighbors. Most Masai are great rewards in abuse and critism. Work- DRAMAMINE
missing ears, earlobes, and noses from ing hours, only a few, but at the most
hanging various home-made jewelry from inopportune times, usually during TV
them, in them. and through them. There prime time, 7:30 p.m. to 9:30 p.m.
are a number of small camps set up for the Preparation time required for these few The
tourists with carvings, Masai shields and hours work, as many hours as your pride
clubs, spears, jewelry, beads, canes and and se If satisfaction dictates, your con- DO-NUT Shop
other various attractions. Bartering is science will be your guide.
welcomed, and can even be fun. Broken We have all experienced the so called
English is always spoken somewhere and recession and those frequent periods of Homemade
communication never seemed to be a inflation, but very few of us realize that On the Boardwalk
problem. we have been a period of depression, per-
So, if you ever get to Africa and feel taining to our environment, for, many Bobby and Maxine Nivens
like a safari, be prepared for a rough years. "Like a Boil,, it's going to get
2000 wile exhausting ride on a bumpy, worse before it will get any better".
dusty roads and a lot of excitement. Re- what this is all about, is conservation
member, "jumbo" means "hello" in Swa- of our natural resources, restoration of
hili ... Bon Voyage. those resources that 'have already been Carolina Bch.
desecrated. The intelligent planning for
the future use of our land and natural M o t e l
resources is a must.

Do not allow the 10% active citizens.
to be your proxy. voice your own opinions AIR CONDITIONED - POOL
COLOR CABLE T.V.
become involved in the planning for a
better future for Yourself and your chil-
Becky Ruefle, Manager Ph. 458-5246
dren. Attend the meetings for COASTAL P. 0. Box 436 Carolins &ch. N.C.

AREA MANAGEMENT.

BEACH-O-GRAM
WEEKLY

PLEASURE
ISLAND YOUR "TREASURE CHEST" OF THIS AND THAT
-FROM HERE AND THERE - ON AND ABOUT -

CAROLINA-KURE BEACHES

DEDICATED TO BUILDING A HAPPIER AND A BETTER PLACE TO LIVE, WORK, AND PLAY - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Volume 5 No. 6. CIRCULATION 3,000 EDITOR: Mrs. Joan McKay-4589340 February 6,1976
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
THE LAND USE PLAN Bicentennial Notes DEADLINE FOR
by "Dick" Levers TOURIST BUREAU DIRECTORY
Officials of the State Department of Natur- The deadline for the Pleasure Island Tour-
al and Economic Resources, New Hanover ist Bureau's first printing of its membership
Planning Department, Town of Carolina directory is February 15, 1976. This is a very
Beach and Town 'of Kure Beach will conduct important printing because it will go out to
an open meeting at 7:30 p.m., February 9, North Carolina's 1000 Fire Departments in
1976 in the Community Center Building, 3rd. PHILADELPHIA, -Monday, Jan. 15, 1776 - early March announcing the Spring Festival
and Raqleih Streets Carolina Beach. Routine matters occupied the Continental 76. It will also be used for the initial stock.
Congress today. Congress appointed. a com-
The purpose of this meeting is to inform mittee of five to make an estimate of the ing of the North Carolina Welcome Centers
the property owners and residents of Pleasure number of cannon that may be wanted for and as a reply mailing piece to our coupon
Island, of their findings and recommendations ads running in February and March. We are
that will be forwarded to the Coastal Re- the defense of the United Colonies, and to also adding a new service for our members
sources Commission for the Land Use Plan, devise ways and means of procuring them, this year by including our members own lit-
for the county and the island. and to enquire how large cannon can be cast erature in the vacation kits mailed out to
in this country.
The recommendations of the above cited It was resolved by Congress that no bought people who request accommodation informa-
officials were derived, from questionnaires indentured servants be employed on board tion through our coupon advertising and
mailed to you with your utility bills, meetings the Continental fleet of armed vessels, or in other sources. There will be a nominal charge
With various groups and personal interviews. of $ .021/2 for postcards and $ .04 for folders
Expected input from the residents of the is- the army. It is believed that some indentured included in the mailing.
servants are entering the service of the colon-
land haven't been all that was desired. ies in order to break their just contracts. In view of the higher postage rates now in
This meeting offers you another opportun- Under secret debate is the proposal to open effect this is a valuable benefit of member-
ity to express your desires, approval or dis- colonial trade with all foreign countries after ship, since the mailings will go to persons in-
approval of the recommendations and find- quiring about vacations on our island and will
ings of your officials, before their recommen- March 1, and to allow merchants to sell any give YOU added opportunities for reserva-
dations are forwarded. tea they have on hand. tions.
Land Management, as outlined by the Coas- New England delegates also wish to export North Carolina Travel and Development
tal Area Management Act of 1974, is a citi- fish to Europe in exchange for military stores. and the North Carolina Bicentennial commis-
zens participation program that affords you Delegates from other colonies are suspicious sion are anticipating 17 million travelers to
the opportunity to express your ideas, opin- that the plan is advanced more to help the and through North Carolina this year and
ions and desires for the land use in your area, New England fisherman than to obtain supp- June is forecast to be the heaviest month.
before it becomes law. lies for defense of the colonies. To get your Tourist Bureau pledge or dues
CAN YOU AFFORD TO MISS payment registered call Ted Seawell,
THIS MEETING? 458-5907. or Liz Smith, 458-5176, today.
NEW SERIES If you are unable to pay your dues now, just
sign a pledge and set your own billing date.
TO. HELP BUILD PRIDE Get in the directory EARLY so you can get
In response to several calls and letters the most for your money from the Tourist
Bureau. Let's all go and grow through the
from residents of Pleasure Island, we are Pleasure Island concept in Carolina Beach,
beginning a new series. It may not be Kure Beach, Wilmington Beach, and Historic
appropriate for the front page or our pa- Fort Fisher. We've got a lot to offer here,
per, because it is not something to brag but we've got to get the word out.
about. It will feature photos of some of
the areas on our island that need to be
cleaned.

Some of these areas have been detracting from the beauty of the Island far too long,
such as the one pictured here. We hope our readers will become concerned along with
us and give a hand and the necessary support to get the "spring cleaning" and beautifi-
cation accomplished.

GEORGE HENRY strike In. p
WILKINS. malpractice Insurance
George Henry Wilkins premiums.
2-1 Lake Village, died Dr. Walter' DIshell.
Wednesday morning In spokesman for the group, said
Cape Fear Memorial
Hospital. physicians would begin ro
lie was born In Colum- Ing to work Thursday and
bus County on June 8. Friday.
1898. the son of the late It was expected they would
George Hamilton and- be the vanguard of a larger
Alamanzle Carroll
Wilkins. contingent from the 9,500 doc-
He was a member of tors In Southern California hit
Seagate Baptist Church with Insurance increases of as
an ,was retired from much as 327 per cent.
Columbus Construction Dishell made his 'an.
Company.
Mr. Wilkins it survived nouncement of the back-to-
by one brother, Joe work vote after a meeting at
the Marriott Hotel.
Wilkins. with %%-born he
made his home; and
nieces -and
several
nephews.
Funeral services will be
conducted Thursday
afternoon at 3 p.m. in the B riefs
Chapel of Andrews Mor-
tuary by the Revs. Avery
Long and' Leonard THE, CITY-COUNTY plann-
Sanders. Burial will follow ing department will bold, a
In Greenlawn Memorial meeting on Feb. 9 at 7:30 p.m;
Park. to discuss the proposed land
Ile family will be at 2-1-
Lake Vill use plan for Carolina and Kure
An Andrews Mortuary beaches. The meeting will be
service. held An the Carolina Beach
Community Center at Third.
JOHN WILLIAM and Rallings streets. Speaking.
MOBLEY at the meeting will be Jim
Mr. John William
Mobley. age 66. of 909 Taylor of the N.C. Department
Hillandale D r., of Natural 'and Economic
Wilmington, died Wednes- Resources.
ay morning In New
Hanover Memorial THE EMERITUS Club will
hospital following an ex-
nded illness. meet Friday at 10 a.m. at the
YMCA. Miss Emma Gade
Mr. Mobley was born_ Hutaff will show slides. Wives WHITEHOUSE...
a August, 4. 1909 In
Charleston, W. Va.. the and friends will be welcome;
of the late Mr. John
omas and Mrs. Ella DR. CHARLES R. NANCE JR.
tledg Mobley He was of Wilmington has been named
retired employee of the by Gov. Jim-Holshouser to the
uth Charleston, W. Va. board of directors of the North
had been employed Carolina Orthopedic Hospital
ere for 26 years. in Gastonia. A native of.
He is survived by his Charlotte and a graduate of the
ife Mrs. Ann ConleY Duke Medical School. Dr.
Obley of the home; one Nance Is-in -Private -practice
uaqhter, Mrs. Ella Mae with the Wilmington
awlings of Clarksburg Orthopedic Group.
Va.: 3 grandchildren, 5

J-

~q@k~~ Waters.

~7~q7~

-by ~P~-~e~t~h ~Zob~e~ql,
As a student at Salem College, located In t~qhe midst Melt ~sbor~qt~e~a~Jb~qC. pour ~qI~nt~(~, large bowl. Add molasses ~P~nd
of old ~qS~2~q1em~, I have learned to enjo~q)~q@~' and appreciate the sugar ~a~Pd blend well. ~q7~q1e ~qm~qixt~i re may Dot blend at first
wonderful rec~l~qI~Rs of the ~I~for~av~qla~ns. Tb~e Morav~qi~a~ns ~o~o~n~@~- ~4qW will after a little bea~t~qin~i~q;~. A Il~ow to cool. Beat in egg.
t~i~n~ue to preserve their German be r~qitage In the foods that Sift dry ~qin~qg~Ted~qlen~qts ~a~nd ~add. ~qA~ql~qix well. it ~w~qIll be a stiff
dough. Drop by the teaspoon ~j~u~ql~ql on a greased baking sheet.
they prepare In the old Salem community.. Some of my Bake at 3-~1~q0 degrees ~qf~o~r I ~~q0 minutes or ~u~l~)~qt~q!~ql they ~qb~z~qa~ely begin
favorite recipes have been published In Worth Carolina ~qt~o brown. Take from oven and rim a spatula under the
~8q" old ~S~-~qA~er~n Cookery by Elizabeth Hedgec~ock Sparks. c~o~o~qld~e~s s~o th~O~qy will ~q1~:~q4 e~r_s~q7 to remove from baking sheet.
A few of those recipes follow: M~4qa~-es 4 dozen.
MORAVIAN S~8qWAR CAKE
Allow I calm yeast or I package dry granular yea~8qd to
soak a few minutes to 1/2 cup l~u~qk~aw~a~r~ip water. ~.~-~!~*~;-~*~.~r~-~;~,~,~q7-' ~_~;
~. ~r~@~. - ~- SUGAR C~qOOK[~E~s 0~q4 ~qT~Z~'
To I cup ~qhot un~se~qmoned mashed potatoes, add I cup A~0qCAK~ES
~g~r~p~nu~ql~at~z~@~qd sugar, 4 ~qt~qbs~qps. soft butter, ~q1/2 cup shortening
2 cups sifted flour, I cup ~s~u~'~l~a~r.
and I t~sp. salt. When lukewarm, add yeast mixture and I ~&
Ph teaspoons b~ak~qi~r~*~.~qg powder I CIS
C~up p~ot~2~qt~O W2~ter. ~~. ~.~1 ~* ~__~'. ~ .. I
Set aside a~n~qd ~a~ql~qlow to rise in a warm place until spongy. ~I~0qK teaspoon salt 1~0~0
~a~l~qd~qf~ql~a
Add 2 beaten eggs and sufficient sifted flour to make a cup butter, rn~ar~6qp~n~qpe or ~q1 t~ab~8qk~sp~qpon milk
Allow to rise until double In ~qhu~qI~2qL punch d~ow~i~qi
-son dough.
~s~qb~u~r~qte~n~qi~n~qg
on lightly floured bo~a~rld.~. ~j
Spread out evenly in greased fiatbak~qi~n~qg pan. When ~8~611~0q0tP~O
es with your ~qf~0qM~qgers and ~q1111 holes with pieces Of
make ~qhol Sift 1 ~q1~q/2 ~qZups of the flour w~qf~qi~qb baking
butter and brown sugar. ~4qD~n~4qW~j~.~,~.~4~j~j~,~# -~M~a ~J~%~q ~qM- r--~1~1 po r
-7 ~1 shortening, add sugar,* egg, v~an~ill~s~, and Milk. Mix
~)~qg~ether. Add flour n~l~qb~r~2q@~_ ~' Add e~no~u,~,~ql~qb~o~qf the re-
'flour to make a d~cugh Just ~qU~qd~ck ~e
~no~t~y~*~-~qb to roll.
Place On lightly floured board; ~r~o~qn~,v~qu~ql 1~q/~q8 ~ql~a~c~qb in
Cut with ~C~O~O~qI~0qW cutters. p~ql~e~e~qj ~O~:~qj~-~j~,~' ~3~-
~_~,~e~qd
sheet. Sprinkle with sugar and bake ~q8 to~qI~q0 m~qlr~0qe~as
erat~e oven, 375 degrees. Makes about 5 ~qd~o~r~e~n c~o~r~@~qv~qj~e~s~.
I Zobel Is work-Ing with the New H~a~n~o~l~q"~W~e~r C~o~qu ~q@~qj ~q1~q?~-~@~,~:~i~ql~t~qh
m~,ent Home Economist fora month ~6qa~qb~qA~&~,~-~@~z~x~ql~c~r~qA
~q1~q9~qi
C~.. FEBRUARY 4 197
~q1~q1-~qIE RANO
VERSUN ~qL~q1~q1~qINGTON,N. ~q@RY ~q4~f
~r~i~~7~.

~1~7

PUBLIC SERVICE

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oi~qf Monday' February
~2qUN~qL ESS I WANT-_
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ill ~8qVe ~-~qi~ql~qi~*e an d use THEN IT ~qL LOOK JN~q;`~@
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3-D
DAY. APRIL 11. 1976
AR-N@WS SLN,
Announcerients Z=IP11 .itilyz3oall _ Business Services merchandise
-ap-QcIal 1,1011cas 30-Male or Female Help -plumbing - HOsting 92-Auctlons
'N'V epdl". -1 1-41. 24 HILLTOP
Family Want Ad DINIM0 AOOlA IAANAGEFt.E.VV1W..d1 p*W servi@ce. WoOt Q@-rytimtd. AUCTIOR
C@ri nl-&264 Go 4W&411-
SPEGAL Sk.
on F@-n- -Drof*"Ion&l S4r-AC$ P.& in bA
ic* of Hir b1L
sataxy. Apply W lJosdAe. KdWn Holet. 30 P.m St. -9 9-od co"
3 lines .01k@ "-". Solid bIA-9
fit Cos a -pec-l- @,gtd 01 7:
z S-0 jobe, fit rid MifIll -0 e#it
bee, aso@to& is fith be,,. t1l,`90l a,d pvne
mier doo,
1 S times ft'd
RIVERSITY -
LA SALLE-EXTERS103 U
A Corresponde rice InSRU6011
7 lrd-Y&10
k--dLM*ly 10 fell Pli-1011
NOTICE OF PUBLIC HEARING
WEEKLY
wth.. from, 1-4 3-4 _0&,rft a ."_ Y" @d be p0d
F"W'i if ch.&A@ a. ,d I.- t.h- Pp-n-q h- --I- -b-
Mice ii,, hl@y film is
1914" M the Two C"d -andify
a b9ld a pLiblic beatirig b beff -7
I egg Tom of tvoim 1e4 P&6 EVENINGS AND WEEKENDS ARE BEST.
Cw=cb am to odx@fi, from pit& And privIlle CAR NECESSARY.
LEADS1
ON pw fW ft Two 41. LEADSI .: t-. - .-- @ -.- ..,
to ri%X15r% b W--eaw red!
d be beld at ft TOO Hall Rt 1-:' 0411
1:40 of Ed Piss We Irrail" for, aa@'@ 1.
P. IL A Xq 11. 1971L .,.A k4om... Call or wilia
is ft Out 61 Colliffs office in tbe 4xicroom Mi 1V
betwee, ft b," sf 9 p. IL wA 4 P. IL we&
at the Tma
)Lnnoun.cemcilits C.,_.ft end recarmotidafm received Will W P 0. soe 25802
sw9red i., ir"Wilfae kft b%,@ PLO Illicit t, lb ow" C. 2&233
o ticervi . . ; - @ -
fu An o"al appedurft
oid. "led 5 hit
AFii 11, 191L
,;a-gl the the 01,
L'o"'s"OvE
--d tj J.-S or. fit of
C h.- F"'M M INDUSTRI L E
A NGMEM*
Sheila S.. Da"'-_@@
t, 10 N tional consumer products manufacturer
a
'A
Town, M an ,ager, books, games, activity products and craft Itelms
of r.. C1
C@- go tith sale' In excess of $200 million seeks ex-
U. S c-.1 G_,d W-i@91^
perlenced JE
to provide engineering support for
01,20-74 newly established- manufacturing and distribu-".
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA --------- tion facility. Initial assignments will Include pro-
W&NTS TO *,EASE SPACIE
"Vjm N - , .. . -,. - ". jects dealing with productivity and quality Im-
C
provemont. BSIE desired.
lx'O ICE
REO All .11111.0. lit.c.pi T We offer an
'pF'.6 . . . @t, '_ attractive salary/boneflt prograrn
his
-*d and excellint o0oortunilles 'for Industrial
-Zi` C lieving iiii ft Town as'
. Z7 A'1. Tbj To. of w cit, fra bold a ilikkilic 11111111
to, 9 .-d .-P10 *4 PIN FVPW for growth. Send resume with salary h1st6ry to:.,
M" k 1976. st too P-m. to &KM the LAW
t@lh -ee. &A *4016C EV?
0% do Mall Kill be =6131M IN LOYEE RELATIOiNS MAGER
&6V6w bl'the Teim following Wopfx
b
Irld is It. X C. conw Remirm ccim@ n reoffed by U1
Illeste'rn Pu'
1114-II(Ka Tits Pm voll neceipit of c0aw Rescitircell Ca=isS* fishing Co., 1.qc.
f," pajq govehing IW M and deve1W
CA GINTS 0"-11 O'S
107 Tom Starting Rd.-
led h @h .17 .@a -5 .4W.&Iill
b@ 1-4 -,h F
of the Tormi,
ettevIlle, N. C. 283DO
ay
4,
ieid -Waie-ila oll for review p& lo - An aqua
te'." b. "itil"
J.@. -d 116pportunity employer M/f.
-d S;-" -11 N 1.2101,11 use r" VA h I. and 4:30 FAL_ id tIM TMM Ra lad 10 114' 7-
N bearing beiries 9:00
- -J, I.% -I ;@@ @::*% , : -,. . -4

C_ 2;w3
-W S-4.
77
i Z
Z
P_" Jane Kirk

h-
Town

i'a". 0 1.. 9.9 4@ I,,
RETAIL ST
0R E
MANAGER.TRAI NEES

C@ c4ff
c:t Radio Shack. one of th nation's leaders in consumer
ri I * _ ., ''. . . Is1tions available for
MEITING,-
L S C@_*. G@ TOWN r
electronics, hes-i7number, of PO
PC C, . .. ', _. ; -
9"Izj stor ma.
W Ki 'HTSVI :-We have trmJnIng*,pro9fams desgried for ,coTlegs
nIC LL.E`B:EACH, N. C-'@- - - I
f' 41@' th
:1 gracliiates.@@!nllllaly retirees, and Individuals wi' at least
Aj rezi&cft Will Ittip" OWWS of jjrWftY& teacli we WW b d' two years good ha!d sale$ experience. jhese. are
t,j a zee!ing 9t Un SJOA Tbir*1. 14A IStk 1-30 FJL .;A: gin training with the I'
MOME1 ground floor op;;Odunities to he
Fig advancement and a very
giara It% our industry, oflorl
CL AECK YOUR AD
p`L-_ASE on store p'oflability.
I- P_ lucrative bonus plim computed r
THE F ,S, CAy IT A - z .'- "Itclarrangstor
PEA(,-,I ihvi Star-Nows
ratmadpbA 41
0 wntew&W T -@r -. "r@ , @*- - -, I a personal Intomets.
% 4.
[email protected] &:a responsitle 9.
: @ f ia 9 !,,! at irw-of r act 0 S Dfid watt Dhposm Wes 7 Leon Campboll, District Manager
ONLY
(Ratirigh)
>u 9 Mrv Frotl%tkla SystpA tjpcal store (Wilmington) 919 93
at Ao accoird:r -790-26
0 UX.4 use Ma

Panel okays CAMA plan

By CHARLES SNEED
Staff Writer

CAROLINA BEACH--The
wn Council, here Wednes-
day night unanimously approv-
a Coastal Area Management
(CAMA) mandated land
plan that calls for
maintenance of current
owth rates in the beach
wn.
The product of 1974
gislation and more recent
blic input from Carolina
ach residents, the land use
an theoretically represents
e compromise between the
eds to develop the town's
onomic resouces and the
eds to preserve the town's
tural resources.
According to the plan,
Carolina Beach has 792 un-
developed acres in which to
row.
Additional growth can be
accomodated with higher den-
lty development in the 1,265
xisting developed acres.
An additional 1,373 acres of
undeveloped lands consists of
areas of environmental con-
ern (AEC), however, and can
e used for future development
nly local and state
uthorities permit the develop-
ing activity.
The Coastal Resources Com-
mission has not yet fully defin-
ed areas of environmental con-
concern, however.
Once defined, the
development potential of
certain areas in Carolina Beach
will be more apparent in the
calls for preservation of most of the AECs.
Speaking of the much dis-
cussed AED definition at the
Tuesday night meeting,
planner Jim Taylor said one
proposed definition would in-
clude all the barrier Islands in
the state.
The Carolina Beach land use
plan concluded the town has a
permanent population of 2,700.
With motel and apartment
accodmodations filled to
capacity, the town's pop-
ulation swells to nearly 15,000.
Day visitors ranging from
5,000 to 10,000 persons bring
the peak season population of
the beach community to 20,000
to 30,000 people.
The land use plan, while
emphasizing the desires of the
community residents to
develop as a single family
residence community, pointed
out the support services for 30-
,000 people will get increasingly
expensive.
High density development,
Taylor said, could more easily
pay for the required services.

DATE DUE

GAYLORD No. 2333 PRINTED IN U.S.A.

3 -6668 14108 6878