[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]
Coastal Zone inf rp5t6n. 0 ce inter VOLUME-3- Economic and "Tim. Social Profile . . . . . . . . . .I 7. 711-.71-7-, C', WO t4 ........... t a'sta ZO ne form@tjon i,n C r ntje Ay. RfIUIW CMDfl)= 1UPW )6733 COASTAL ZONE - 11 PREFACE AUG 2 9 1977 The Corps of Engineers' comprehensive study of Chesapeake Bay is being accomplished in three distinct developmental stages or phases. Each of these phases is responsive to one of the following stated objectives of the study program. 1. To assess the existing physical, chemical, biological, economic and environmental conditions of Chesapeake Bay and its related land resources. 2. To project the future water resources needs of Chesapeake Bay to the year 2020. 3. To formulate and recommend solutions to priority problems using the Chesapeake Bay Hydraulic Model. In response to the first objective of the study, the initial or inventory phase of the program was@completed in 1973 and the findings were published in a document titled Chesapeake Bay Existing Conditions Re2ort. Included in this seven-volu'me report is a description of the existing physical, economic, social, biological and environmental con- ditions of Chesapeake Bay. This was the first published report that presented a comprehensive survey of the entire Bay Region and treated the Chesapeake Bay as a single entity. Most importantly, the report contains the historical records and basic data required to project the future demands on the Bay and to assess the ability of the resource to meet those demands. In response to the second objecave of the study, the findings of the second or future projections phase of the program are provided in this the Chesapeake Bay Future Conditions Report. The primary focus of this report.is the projection of water resources needs to the year 2020 and the identification of the problems and conflicts which would result from the unrestrained growth and use of the Bay's resources. This report, therefore, provides the basic information necessary to proceed into the next or plan formulation phase of the program. It. should be emphasized that, by design, this report addresses only the water resources related needs and problems. No attempt has been made to identify or analyze solutions to specific problems. Solutions to priority problems will be evaluated in the third phase of the program and the findings will be published in subsequent reports. The Chesapeake Bay Future Conditions Re2ort consists of a summary document and 16 supporting appendices. Appendices I and 2 are general background documents containing information describing the history and conduct of the study and the manner in which the study was coordinated with the various Federal and State agencies, scientific institutions and the public. Appendices 3 through 15 each contain information on V) specific water and related land resource uses to include an inventory Appendix 3 of the present status and expected future needs and problems. Appendix 16 focuses on the formulation of the initial-testing program for the Chesapeake Bay Hydraulic. Model. Included in this appendix is a description of the hydraulic model, a list of problems considered for inclusion in the initial testing program and a detailed description of the selected first year model studies program. The published volumes of the Che"a eake Bay Future Conditions Report include: Volume Number Appendix Number and Title 1 Summary Report 2 1 - Study Organization, Coordination and History 2 - Public Participation and Information 3 3 - Economic and Social Profile 4 4 - Water-Related Land Resources 5 5 - Municipal and Industrial Water Supply 6 - Agricultural Water Supply 6 7 - Water Quality 7 8 - Recreation 8 9 - Navigation 10 - Flo5d Control 11 - Shoreline Erosion 9 12 - Fish and Wildlife 10 13 - Power 14 - Noxious Weeds 11 15 - Biota 12 16 - Hydraulic Model Testing Appendix 3 ii CHESAPEAKE BAY FUTURE CONDITIONS REPORT APPENDIX 3 ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL PROFILE TABLE OF CONTENTS -Chapter Page I THE STUDY AND THE REPORT 1 Authority 2 Scope 4 Supporting Studies 5 Study Participation and Coordination 9 II AN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL HISTORY OF THE CHESAPEAKE BAY REGION 11 Ea rly Settlement 11 The Tobacco Era 13 Diversification of Agriculture 16 Post -Revolutionary War Period 18 The Canal Era 19 The Railroad Era 21 The Pre-Civil War Era 22 The Civil War Years 24 Rise of Metropolis 27 The Expanding Metropolis 30 The Day Region in the Twentieth Century 33 Population and Technology in the Twentieth Century 35 Growth of Suburbs 39 III POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS 49 Population Movements 49 Age Distribution and Educational Levels 56 Employment and Income Levels 61 A Shift-Share Analysis of the Chesapeake Bay Estuary Area 70 Summary 72 Appendix 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) Chapter Page IV ECONOMIC SECTORS 81 Manufacturing 82 Public Administration 98 Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries 104 Construction 114 Mining 121 Wholesale and Retail Trade 125 Armed Forces 134 Transportation, Communications, and Public Utilities 142 Services 148 Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate 152 Summary 154 V ECONOMIC AND DEMOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS 163 Methodology Used in Developing OBERS Projections 164 Comparison of OBERS Series C and Series E Projections 168 Economic and Demographic Projections Using Series C OBERS Projections 168 Economic and Demographic Projections Using Series E OBERS Projections 261 Comparison of Series C and Series E OBERS Projections 261 V1 SUMMARY 295 Appendix 3 iv LIST OF TABLES Number Title Page 3-1 Counties and Independent Cities within the Study Area by SMSA and Non-SMSA 7 3-2 Population of Major Study Area Cities, 1790 and 1860 24 3-3 Growth of Bay Area Urban Population, 1860-1900 30 3-4 Value Added by Manufacturing 34 3-5 Percentage Distribution of Personal Earnings by Broad Industrial Sources for Metropolitan Areas in the Chesapeake Bay Area, 1971 36. 3-6 Federal, State, and Local Government Employment for the Estuary Area and the United States, 1940-1970 38 3-7 Means of Transportation, Baltimore, SMSA, 1970 40 3-8 Population Growth of the SMSA and Center Cities, 1940-1970 41 3-9 Population Data by Economic Subregion, Chesapeake Bay Estuary Area, and the United. States for Selected Years 1860-1970 50 3-10 Urban and Rural Population by Economic Subregion, Chesapeake Bay Estuary Area, and the United States for Selected Years 1860-1970 52 3-11 Net Migration Between 1960 and 1970 55 3-12 Age Distribution by Economic Subregion - 1970 59 3-13 Training in the Major Estuary Area SMSA's for Males 16-64 Years Old with Less than 15 Years Schooling 61 3-14 Employment by Industry for the Chesapeake Bay Estuary Area by Economic Subregion, and for the United States - 1970 63 3-15 Unemployment Rates by Economic Subregion, Total Estuary Area and United States: April, 1960 and 1970 66 Appendix 3 v LIST OF TABLES (continued) Number Title Page 3-16 Per Capita Income by Economic Subregion, Chesapake Bay Estuary Area, and the United States - 1969 68 3-17 A Shift-Share Analysis for the Chesapeake Bay Estuary Area 71 3-18 A Shift-Share Analysis for the Baltimore, Maryland Subregion with the Estuary Area as the Standard of Reference 73 3-19 A Shift-Share Analysis for the Washington, D. C. Subregion with the Estuary Area as the Standard of Reference 74 3-20 A Shift-Share Analysis for the Richmond, Virginia Subregion with the Estuary Area as the Standard of Reference 75 3-21 A Shift-Share Analysis for the Norfolk- Portsmouth, Virginia Subregion with the Estuary Area as the Standard of Reference 76 .3-22 A Shift-Share Analysis for the Wilmington, Delaware SMSA with the Estuary Area as the Standard of Reference 77 3-23 Manufacturing Employment by Economic Subregion and Total Estuary Area, 1970 83 3-24 Value of Farm Products Sold by Subregion 106 3-25 Change in Housing Units by Subregion and Total Estuary Area - 1970 116 3-26 Wholesale Trade Sales and Firms in the Major Estuary Area SMSA's - 1972 129 3-27 Federal Military Installations in the Estuary Area by Subregion 138 3-28 Employment in the Transportation, Communi- cations and Public Utilities Sector by Subregion, 1970 143 3-29 Number of People Employed in Various Services in the Estuary Area by Subregion 150 Appendix 3 vi LIST OF TABLES (continued) Number Title Page 3-30 A Comparison of OBERS Series C and Series E Projections 169 3-31 Demographic and Economic Trends for the United States, 1950-1969 170 3-32 Demographic and Economic Projections for the United States, 1980-2020, Series C 171 3-33 Demographic and Economic Trends for the United States, 1950-1971 172 3-34 Demographic and Economic Projections for the United States, 1980-2020, Series E 173 3-35 Demographic and Economic Trends for.the Total Chesapeake Bay Estuary Area, 1950-1969 175 3-36 Demographic and Economic Projections for the Total Chesapeake Bay Estuary Area, 1980-2020, Series C 176 3-37 Sub-Segment and County Breakdown for Econ- omic Area 15 - Philadelphia, PA. -N. J. 178 3-38 Demographic and Economic Trends for Econ- omic Area 15 -, Philadelphia, PA. -N.J., 1950-1969 180 3-39 Demographic and Economic Projections for Economic Area 15 - Philadelphia, PA. -N.J., 1980-2020, Series C 181 3-40 Demographic and Economic Trends for Economic Area 15-1, Allentown-B ethlehem -Easton, PA. -N.J. SMSA, 1950-1969 182 3-41 Demographic and Economic Projections for Economic Area 15-1, Allentown -Bethlehem - Easton, PA. -N.J. SMSA, 1980-2020.4 Series C 183 3-42 Demographic and Economic Trends for Economic Area 15-2, Atlantic. City, N.J. SMSA, 1950-1969 184 Appendix 3 vii LIST OF TABLES (continued) Number Title Page 3-43 Demographic and Economic Projections for Economic Area 15 -2, Atlantic City, N.J. SMSA, 1980-2020, Series C 185 3-44 Demographic and Economic Trends for Economic Area 15 -3, Philadelphia, PA. -N.J. SMSA, 1950-1969 186 3-45 Demographic and Economic Projections for Economic Area 15 -3, Philadelphia, PA. -N.J. SMSA, 1980-2020, Series C 187 3-46 Demographic and Economic Trends for Economic Area 15-4, Reading, PA. SMSA, 1950-1969 188 3-47 Demographic and Economic Projections for Economic Area 15-4, Reading, PA. SMSA, 1980-2020, Series C 1819 3-48 Demographic and Economic Trends for Economic Area 15-5, Trenton, N.J. SMSA, 1950-1969 190 3-49 Demographic and Economic Projections for Economic Area 15-5, Trenton, N.J. SMSA, 1980-2020, Series C 191 3-50 Demographic and Economic Trends for Economic Area 15-6, Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton, N.J. SMSA, 1950-1969 192 3-51 Demographic and Economic Projections for EconomicArea 15-6, Vineland- Millvill e - Bridgeton, N.J. SMSA, 1980-2020, Series C 193 3-52 Demographic and Economic Trends for Economic Area 15 -7, Wilmington, Delaware-N. J. -Md. SMSA, 1950-1969 194 3-53 Demographic and Economic Projections for Economic Area 15-7, Wilmington, Delaware- N.J. -Md. SMSA, 1980-2020, Series C 195 3-54 Demographic and Economic Trends for Economic Area 15-8, Residual Non-SMSA Area, 1950- .1969 196 Appendix 3 viii LIST OF TABLES (continued) Number Title Page 3-55 Demographic and Economic Projections for Economic Area 15-8, Residual Non-SMSA Area, 1980-2020, Series C 197 3-56 Sub-Segment and County Breakdown for Economic Area 16C - Harrisburg, PA. 198 3-57 Demogra phic and Economic Trends for Economic Area 16, Harrisburg, PA., 1950-1969 200 3-58 Demographic and Economic Projections for Economic Area 16, Harrisburg, PA., 1980-2020, Series C 201 3-59 Demographic and Economic Trends for Economic Area 16-1, Harrisburg, PA. SMSA, 1950-1969 202 3-60 Demographic and Economic Projections for Economic Area 16-1, Harrisburg, PA. SMSA, 1980-2020, Series C 203 3-61 Demographic and Economic Trends for Economic Area 16-2, Lancaster, PA. SMSA, 1950-1969 204 3-62 Demographic and Economic Projections for Economic Area 16-2, Lancaster, PA. SMSA, 1980-2020, Series C 205 3-63 Demographic and Economic Trends for Economic Area 16-3, York, PA. SMSA, 1950-1969 206 3-64 Demographic and Economic Projections for Economic Area 16-3, York, PA. SMSA, 1980-2020, Series C 207 3-65 Demographic and Economic Trends for Economic Area 16-4, Altoona, PA. SMSA, 1950-1969 208 3-66 Demographic and Economic Projections for Economic Area 16-4, Altoona, PA. SMSA, 1980-2020, Series C 209 3-67 Demographic and Economic Trends for Economic Area 16-5, Residual Non-SMSA Area, 1950-1969 210 Appendix 3 ix LIST OF TABLES (continued) Number Title Page 3-68 Demographic and Economic Projections for Economic Area 16-5, Residual Non-SMSA Area, 1980-2020, Series C 211 3-69 Sub-Segment and County Breakdovrn for Economic Area 17C - Baltimore, Md. 212 3-70 Demographic and Economic Trends for Economic Area 17, Baltimore, Md., 1950-1969 214 3-71 Demographic and Economic Projections for Economic Area 17, Baltimore, Md., 1980-2020, Series C 215 3-72 Demographic and Economic Trends for Economic Area 17-1, Baltimore, Md. SMSA, 1950-1969 216 3-73 Demographic and Economic Projections for Economic Area 17-1, Baltimore, Md. SMSA, 1980-2020, Series C 217 3-74 Demographic and Economic Trends for Economic Area 17-2, Maryland Non-SMSA Area, 1950-1969 218 3-75 Demographic and Economic Projections for Economic Area 17-2, Maryland Non-SMSA Area, 1980-2020, Series C 219 3-76 Demographic and Economic Trends for Economic Area 17-3, Virginia Non-SMSA Area, 1950-1969 220 3-77 Demographic and Economic Projections for Economic Area 17-3, Virginia Non-SMSA Area, 1980-2020, Series C 221 3-78 Demographic and Economic Trends for Economic Area 17-4, Delaware Non-SMSA Area, 1*950-1969 -222 3-79 Demographic and Economic Projections for Economic Area 17-4, Delaware Non-SMSA Area, 1980-2020, Series C 223 Appendix 3 x LIST OF TABLES (continued) ,Number Title Page 3-80 Demographic and Economic Trends for Economic Area 17-5, Residual Non-SMSA Area, 1950-1969 224 3-81 Demographic and Economic Projections for Economic Area 17-5, Residual Non-SMSA Area, 1980-2020J. Series C 225 3-82 Sub-Segment and County Breakdown for Economic Area 18C - Washington, D. C. -MD. -VA. 227 3-83 Demographic and Economic Trends for Economic Area 18, Washington, D. C. -MD. -VA., 1950-1969 229 3-84 Demographic and Economic Projections for Economic Area 18, Washington, D. C. -MD. - VA. , 1980-2020, Series C 230 3-85 Demographic and Economic Trends for Economic Area 18-1, Washington, D. C. -MD. -VA. SMSA, 1950-1969 231 3-86 Demographic and Economic Projections for 'Economic Area 18-1, Washington, D. C. -MD. - VA. SMSA, 1980-2020, Series C 232 3-87 Demographic and Economic Trends for Economic Area 18-2, Maryland Non-SMSA Area, 1950-1969 233 3-88 Demographic and Economic Projections for Economic Area 18-2, Maryland Non-SMSA Area, 1980-2020, Series C 234 3-89 Demographic and Economic Trends for Economic Area 18-3, Virginia Non-SMSA Area, 1950-1969 235 3-90 Demographic and Economic Projections for Economic Area 18-3, Virginia Non-SMSA Area, 1980-2020., Series C 236 3-91 Demographic and Economic Trends for Economic Area 18-4, Residual. Non-SMSA Area, 1950-1969 237 Appendix 3 xi LIST OF TABLES (continued) Number Title Page 3-92 Demographic and Economic Projections for Economic Area 18-4, Residual Non-SMSA Area, 1980-2020, Series C 238 3-93 Sub-Segment. and County Breakdown for Economic Area 21C - Richmond, VA. 239 3-94 Demographic and Economic Trends for Economic Area 21, Richmond, Va., 1950-1969 241 3-95 Demographic and Economic Projections for Economic Area 21, Richmond, Va., 1980-2020, Series C 242 3-96 Demographic and Economic Trends for Economic Area 21-1, Richmond & Peter sburg- Colonial Heights, Virginia SMSA's, 1950-1969 243 3-97 Demographic and Economic Projections for Economic Area 21-1, Richmond & Petersburg- Colonial Heights, Virginia SMSA's, 1980-2020, Series C 244 3-98 Demographic and Economic Trends for Economic Area 21-2, Non-SMSA Area, 1950-1969 245 3-99 Demographic and Economic Projections for Economic Area 21-2, Non-SMSA Area, 1980-2020, Series C 246 3-100 Demographic and Economic Trends for Economic Area 21-3, Residual Non-SMSA Area, 1950-1969 247 3-101 Demographic and Economic Projections for Economic Area 21-3, Residual Non-SMSA Area, 1980-2020, Series C 248 3-102 Sub-Segment and County Breakdown for Economic Area 22C - Norfolk-Portsmouth, VA. 249 3-103 Demographic and Economic Trends for Economic Area 22, Norfolk- Portsmouth, Va., 1950-1969 251 3-104 Demographic and Economic Projections for Economic Area 22, Norfolk -Portsmouth, Va., 1980-2020, Series C 252 Appendix 3 xii LIST OF TABLES (continued) Number Title Page 3-105 Demographic and Economic Trends for Economic Area 22-1, Newport News-Hampton, Va. SMSA, 1950-1969 253 3-106 Demographic and Economic Projections for Economic Area 22-1, Newport News-Hampton, Va. SMSA, 1980-2020, Series C 254 3-107 Demographic and Economic Trends for Economic Area 22-2, Norfolk -Portsmouth, Va. SMSA, 1950-1969 255 3-108 Demographic and Economic Projections for Economic Area 22-2, Norfolk-Portsmouth, Va. SMSA, 1980-2020, Series C 256 3-109 Demographic and Economic Trends for Economic Area 22-3, Virginia Non-SMSA Area, 1950-1969 257 3-110 Demographic and Economic Projections for Economic Area 22-3, Virginia Non-SMSA Area, 1980-2020, Series C 258 3-111 Demographic and Economic Trends for Economic Area 22-4, North Carolina Non-SMSA Area, 1950-1969 259 3-112 Demographic and Economic Projections for Economic Area 22-4, North Carolina Non- SMSA Area, 1980-2020, Series C 260 3-113 Independent City and County Breakdown for Econ- omic Area 15E - Philadelphia, PA. -N.J. 262 3-114 Demographic and Economic Projections for Economic Area 15, Philadelphia, PA. -N.J., 1950-2020, Series E 263 3-115 Demographic and Economic Projections for Economic Area 15-1, Allentown-Bethlehem- Easton, PA. -N.J., 1950-2020, Series E 264 3-116 Demographic and Economic Projections for Economic Area 15 -2, Atlantic City, N.J., 1950-2020, Series E 265 Appendix 3 xiii LIST OF TABLES (continued) Number Title Page 3-117 Demographic and Economic Projections for Economic Area 15-3 - Philadelphia, PA. - N.J., 1950-2020, Series E 266 3-118 Demographic and Economic Projections for Economic Area '15-4, Reading, Pa., 1950-2020, Series E 267 3-119 Demographic and Economic Projections for Economic Area 15-5, Trenton, N.J., 1950-2020, Series E 268 3-120 Demographic and Economic Projections for Economic Area 15-6, Vineland -Millvill e- Bridgeton, N.J., 1950-2020, Series E 269 3-121 Demographic and Economic Projections for Economic Area 15-7, Wilmington, Del. - N.J.-Md., 1950-2020, Series E 270 3-122 Independent City and County Breakdown for Economic Area 16E - Harrisburg, Pa. 271 3-123 Demographic and Economic Projections for Economic Area 16, Harrisburg, Pa., 1950-2020, Series E 272 3-124 Demographic and Economic Projections for Economic Area 16-1, Harrisburg, Pa., 1950-2020, Series E 273 3-125 Demographic and Economic Projections for Economic Area 16-2, Lancaster, Pa., 1950-2020, Series E 274 3-126 Demographic and Economic Projections for Economic Area 16-3, York, Pa., 1950-2020, Series E 275 3-121, Demographic and Economic Projections for Economic Area 16-4, Altoona, Pa., 1950-2020, Series E 276 3-128 Independent City and County Breakdown for Economic Area 17E Baltimore, Md. 277 Appendix 3 xiv LIST OF TABLES (continued) Number Title Page 3-129 Demographic and Economic Projections for Economic Area 17, Baltimore, Md., 1950-2020, Series E' 278 3-130 Demographic and Economic Projections for Economic Area 17-1, Baltimore, Md., 1950-2020, Series E 279 3-131 Independent City and County Breakdown for Economic Area 18E - Washington, D. C. - MD. -VA. 280 3-132 Demographic and Economic Projections for Economic Area 18, Washington, D. C. - Md. -Va., 1950-2020, Series E 281 3-133 Demographic and Economic Projections for Economic Area 18-1, Washington, D.C. - Md. -Va., 1950-2020, Series E 282 3-134 Independent City and County Breakdown for Economic Area 21E - Richmond, Va. 283 3-135 Demographic and Economic Projections for Economic Area 21, Richmond, Va., 1950-2020, Series E 284 3-136 Demographic and Economic Projections for Economic Area 21-1, Petersburg-Hopewell, Va. , 1950-2020, Series E '285 3-137 Demographic and Economic Projections for Economic Area 21-2, Richmond, Va., 1950-2020, Series E 286 3-138 Independent City and County Breakdown for Economic Area 22E - Norfolk -Portsmouth, Va. 287 3-139 Demographic and Economic Projections for Economic Area 22 - Norfolk- Port smouth, Va., 1950-2020, Series E 288 3-140 Demographic and Economic Projections for Economic Area 22-1, Newport News- Hampton, Va., 1950-2020, Series E 289 Appendix 3 xv LIST OF TABLES (continued) Number Title Page 3-141 Demographic and Economic Projections for Economic Area 22-2, Norfolk -Virginia B each- Portsmouth, Va., 1950-2020, Series E 290 3-142 A Comparison of Series C and Series E OBERS Projections of Population and Total Employ- ment by Economic Area 291 3-143 A Comparison of Series C and Series E OBERS Projections of Population and Total Employ- ment for the Estuary Area 292 LIST OF FIGURES Number Title Page 3-1 Chesap eake Bay Estuary Area 6 3-2 Percent Gain (or Loss) in Population, 1960-1970, by County for the Estuary Area 53 3-3 Net Migration by County, 1960-1970, for the Estuary Area 54 3-4 Population Density by County, 1970, for the Estuary Area 57 3-5 Age Distribution for the United States and Chesapeake Bay Estuary Area - 1970 58 3-6 Median School Years Completed by Males 25 Years Old and Over, 1970, for the Estuary Area 60 3-7 Percent of Total Employment by Industry for Chesapeake Bay Estuary Area and the United States - 1970 65 3-8 Median Income of Families in the Estuary Area, 1969 67 3-9 Income Distribution for the Estuary Area and the United States, 1969 69 Appendix 3 xvi LIST OF FIGURES (continued) Number Title Page 3-10 Manufacturing Employment for the Chesapeake Bay Estuary Area and the United States, 1970 85 3-11 Percent of Total Estuary Area Manufacturing Employment by County, 1970 87 3-12 Percent of Total Estuary Area Employment in Heavy Water-Using Industries by County, 1970 88 3-13 Percent of Total Estuary Area Public Admin- istration Employment in Each County, 1970 100 3-14 Value of All Agricultural Products Sold for the Estuary Area, by County, 1969 105 3-15 Value of Livestock, Poultry, and their Products for the Estuary Area, by County, 1969 107 3-16 Value of All Crops Including Nursery Products and Hay for the Estuary Area, by County, 1969 108 3-17 Absolute Number of Housing Units Gained or Lost for the Estuary Area by County, 1960 to 1970, 115 3-18 Retail Trade Sales for the Estuary Area by County, 1972 127 3-19 Wholesale Trade Sales for the Estuary Area by County, 1972 128 3-20 Percentage of Total Estuary Armed Forces Employment by County 13-5 3-21 BEA Economic Areas 166 3-22 Philadelphia Economic Area 179 3-23 Harrisburg Economic Area 199 3-24 Baltimore Economic Area 213 3-25 Washington Economic Area 228 Appendix 3 xvii LIST OF FIGURES (continued) Number Title Page 3-26 Richmond Economic Area 240 3-27 Norfolk- Portsmouth Economic Area 250 I Appendix 3 xviii CHAPTERI THE STUDY AND THE REPORT The Chesapeake Bay Study developed through the need for a complete and comprehensive investigation oi the use and con- trol of the water resources of the Bay Area. In the first or inventory phase of the study, an assessment was made of the Bay's existing physical, chemical, biological, economic, social'. and environmental conditions and problem areas. Set forth in the Existing Conditions Report, this information was used as a common source of referenc-e7or the second or future projections phase of the Chesapeake Bay Study Program. The Future Conditions Report, of which this appendix is a part, presents the findings oT-tN'e second phase of the study. Included are: projections of future water resource needs and problem areas; general means that might best be used to satisfy those needs; and recommendations for future studies and hydraulic model testing. As a result, this report constitutes @the next step toward the goal of developing a comprehensive water resource management program for the Chesapeake Bay Region. Chesapeake Bay serves as a vast natural asset to the surround- ing land area. Along with its tributaries, the Bay provides a natural transportation network on which the economic devel- opment of the Region has been based, a wide variety of water- oriented recreational opportunities, a source of water supply for both municipalities and industries, and the site for final disposal of waste products. All of the resources provided by the Bay interact with each other in forming the Chesapeake Bay ecosystem. Unfortunately, problems often arise when mants intended use of one resource conflicts with another resource. Appendix 3 The "Economic and Social Profile Appendix" will focus on cer- tain socio-econornic characteristics. of the Chesapeake Bay Region and its people in order to provide a clearer understanding of future water resource needs and problem areas. The socio- economic topics which are addressed in this appendix include: an economic and social history of the Chesapeake Bay Region; population characteristics of its people; a description oil the various economic secto-s found in the Estuary Area; and-econ- oi.-nic and demographic projections for the Bay Region. AUTHORITY The authorityforthe Chesapeake Bay Study and the construction of the hydraulic model is contained in Section 312 of the River and Harbor Act of 1965, adopted 27 October 1965, which reads as follows: (a) The Secretary o--.' the Army, acting th-rough the Chief of Engineers, is authorized and directed t-o make a complete investigation and study of water utilization and control o-l' the Chesapeake Bay Basin, including the waters of the Baltimore Harbor and including, but no' limited to,, the following: naviga- tion, fisheries, flood coj.-itrol, control of noxious weeds, water pollution, water quality control, beach erosioj.-l, and recreation. In order to --arry out the purposes of this section, the Secretary, acting through the Chief oll Enginers, shall construct, operate, and maintain in the State of Maryland a hydraulic model of the Chesapeake Bay Basin and associated technical center. Such model and center may.be utilized, subject to such terms and conditions as the Secretary deems necessary, by any department, agency, or in strum ental-ity of the Federal Government, or of the States of Maryland, Virginia, and Pennsylvania, in connection with any research, investigation, o.r study being carried on by them of any aspect of the Chesapeake Bay Basin. The study authorized by this section shall be given priority. (b) There is authorized to be appropriated not. to exceed $6, 000, 000 to carry out this section. Appendix 3 2 An additional appropriation for the study was provided in Sec- tion 3 of the River Basin Monetary Authorization Act of 1970, adopted 19 June 1970, which reads as follows: In addition to the previous authorization, the com- pletion of the Chesapeake Bay Basin Comprehensive Study, Maryland, Virginia, and Pennsylvania, authorized by the River and Harbor Act of 1965, is hereby authorized at an estimated cost of $9,000,000. As a result of Tropical Storm Agnes, which caused extensive damage in Chesapeake Bay, Public Law 92-607, the Supple- mental Appropriation Act of 1973, signed by the President on 31 October 1972, included $275, 000 for additional studies of the impact of the storm on Chesapeake Bay. A report was con- sequently published in March 1975 entitled '.'Impact of Tropical Storm Agnes on Chesapeake Bay. Prevously, measures taken to utilize and control the water and land-related resources of the Chesapeake Bay Basin have gen- erally been toward solving individual problems. The Chesa- peake Bay Study provides a comprehensive study of the entire Bay Area in order that the most beneficial use be made of the water-related resources. The major objectives of the Study are to: a. Assess the existing physical, chemical, biological, economic., and environmental conditions of Chesapeake Bay and its water resources. b. Project the future water resources needs of Chesapeake Bay to the year 2020. c. Formulate and recommend solutions to Priority prob- lems using the hydraulic model. The Chesapeake Bay Existing Conditions Report, published in 1973., met the first objective of the Study By- presenting a detailed inventory of the Chesapeake Bay and its water resources. Divided into a summary and four supporting appen- dixes, the 'report presented an overview of the Bay area and the economy; a survey of the Bay's land resources and the Bay's use; and a description of the Bay's life forms and hydro- dynamics. The purpose of the Future Conditions Report is to project the future water resource needs and probre-mareas of Chesapeake Bay to the year 2020. The report will also include recommen- dations for future studies and model testing required to develop a comprehensive management program for the Bay. Appendix 3 3 The basic purpose of this appendix is to provide an insight into both past and present economic and social characteristics of the Bay Region along with projections of future populations, total J employment, total personal income, and total earnings. Many of the projections provided in this appendix will act as input to other functional studies and will ultimately prove useful in projecting future needs and problem areas within the Chesa- peake Bay Region. SCOPE The scope of the Chesapeake Bay Study and Future Conditions Repo.--t includes the multi - dis ciplinary fields of engineering and t7e Tso-cial, physical, and bio3ogical sciences. The Study is being coordinated with all Federal, State, and local agencies having an interest in Chesapeake Bay. All conclusiozis are based on historical information supplied by the preparina agencies having expertise in that field. In addition, the basic assump- tions and methodologies are quantified for accuracy in the sen- sitivity sections. Only general means to satisfy the projected resource needs are presented, as specific recommendations are beyond the scope of the Study. The "Economic and Social Pro-File Appendix" has been prepared and reported in four parts. In the "Economic and Social History Chapter" (Chapter II), the Chesapeake Bay Region's develop- ment is traced fro--.n earliest settlement in 1607 through a dis- cussion of population and technology in the Twentieth Century. United States Census Data were used in the "Population Char- acteristics Chapter" (Chapter III) to determine population movements., age distribution, educational levels, and employ- ment and income levels in the Chesapeake Bay Region. The detailed economic analysis (Chapter IV "Economic Sectors") includes a survey of such industries (economic sectors) as manufacturing; public administration; agriculture, forestry, and fisheries; construction; mining; wholesale and retail trade; armed forces; transportation, communications, and public utilities-, services; and finance, insurance, and real estate. All these sectors are disaggregated, where appropriate, into vari- ous components. Manufacturing, for instance, is broken down into electrical machinery, chemicals and allied products, and food and kindred products. In addition, the various economic Appendix 3 4 sectors are examined on a geographical or subregional basis. For the economic and demographic projections portion of this J appendix (Chapter V), two sets of pro@ections are provided for j comparison purposes (Series C and Series E). The projection data were obtained from a program of economic measurement, analysis, and projection conducted by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) of the U. S. Department of Commerce and the Econo.L-nic Research Service of the U. S. Department of Agri- culture. The Series E Projections were derived from more recent economic and demographic data and assume a gradual decline of fertility rates and a reduced level of Defense spend- ing. Thus, for example, population projected by Series E is generally low 'er than that projected by Series C fo.- a given region. The Series E projections were used for the sensitivity analysis in Chapter V. It should be noted -that the terms "Bay Region" and "Estuary Areall are used interchangeably throughout this appendix. They refer to tha.-t group o'f counties and Standard Metropolitan Sta- tistical Areas (SMSA's) which touch or have a major influence on the Chesapeake Bay. The area, as delineated in Figure 3-1 includes six SMSA's, 35 non-SMSA counties, and four independ- ent cities (besides those included in the SMSA's). Also shown in Figure 3-1 are the six BEA Economic Areas within which the Chesapeake Bay Estuary Area is contained. The economy of the Estuary Area is best understood in light of the relatioin- ship to these six BEA Economic Areas. Table 3-1 lists the counties and independent cities within the Estuary Area by SMSA and non-SMSA. SUPPORTING STUDIES The "Econoinic and Social Profile Appendix" was prepared by the Baltimore District Office, U. S. Army Corps of Engineers. Much of the input to the appendix was provided by various U. S. Bureau of the Census publications such as: U. S. Census of Population: 1970, "General Demo- graphic Trends for Metr`5`p311tan Areas, 1960 to 1970. U. S. Census of Population: 1970, "General Popula- tion Characteris tics. Appendix 3 5 Monroe vi Union I on mial on j S )it r Of in - c uylkill ehlgb C64 Juniata Blair Burks Merc Bucks Perry Dauphin Lebanon n Mantitimer BURG A Cumberland ell; Ocean York Lancaster Chester ntto\n Franklin Sector Fulls I V, Adams a, C Gloucester PA MD Atlantic Frederick Cumberland _0 Kent age cap V! -@': V-"l r V 7""@' X " IN, @A OVE Ow, Kent to 17 g", ppaha Sutter elation Chailes I DEL Culpeper Uorcheste TD-Z y Madise S lfofd A- st@ UffD *1, s Mary comlco in. earn Aworcester of, rile oftylvan. omers 'NK _0@ Albemarl onisa Caroll, load It Rich. ii. NAX% No I.vanna Fit as lAccoma, Goochl a W q Ute Buckingham P,,h,tan New land, _V@ "I IV amp Amela City @fl just Edva'd al nitz Wt Lune Stiller Isle.01 1L E pot, _lBru'Asolic, if outh- Mecklembor Bru It mpton "IT lit 'K' 'k am so I NC c' 6@@ 1, GAe1 CHESAPEAKE BAY ESTUARY AREA asqgl\ lank Nettie to 5"", v A, SNISA'. IN STUDY AREA C Ch Fit h Perlill 7,0 wait 0 IWilmington SMSA Beri,o was m- It e 2Baltimore SIVISA 3Washington, D.C. SIVISA 7A, 4Petersburg-Colonial Heights and Richmond SNISA 5Norfolk-Ponsmouth SIVISA s , 6Newpon News-Hampton SNISA ;1 _VV BEA Economic Areas within which the Chesapeake Bay Estuary Area is contained 'Yt Figure 3-1 Chespeake Bay Estuary Area Appehdix 3 6 TABLE 3-1 COUNTIES AND INDEPENDENT CITIES WITHIN THE STUDY AREA BY SMSA AND NON-SMSA Wilmington SMSA Newport News-Hampton SMSA Cecil County (Maryland) City of Hampton (Virginia) New Castle County (Delaware) City of Newport News (Virginia) Salem County (New Jersey) York County (Virginia) Baltimore SMSA Non-SMSA Counties/Independent Cities Anne Arundel County (Maryland) Accomack County (Virginia) Baltimore City (Maryland) Calvert County (Maryland) Baltimore County (Maryland) Caroline County (Maryland) Carroll County (Maryland) Caroline County (Virginia) Harford County (Maryland) Charles County (Maryland) Howard County (Maryland) Charles City County (Virginia) Dorchester County (Maryland) Washington, D.C. SMSA Essex County (Virginia) City of Franklin (Virginia) City of Alexandria (Virginia) City of Fredericksburg (Virginia) Arlington County (Virginia) Gloucester County (Virginia) City of Fairfax (Virginia) Isle of Wight (Virginia) City of Falls Church (Virginia) James City County (Virginia) Loudoun County (Virginia) Kent County (Maryland) Montgomery County (Maryland) Kent County (Delaware) Prince Georges County (Maryland) King George County (Virginia) Prince William County (Virginia) King & Queen County (Virginia) Washington, D.C. King William County (Virginia) Lancaster County (Virginia) Petersburg-Colonial Heights Mathews County (Virginia) and Richmond SMSA's Middlesex County (Virginia) New Kent County (Virginia) Chesterfield County (Virginia) Northampton County (Virginia) City of Colonial Heights (Virginia) Northumberland County (Virginia) Dinwiddie County (Virginia) Queen Anne's County (Maryland) Hanover County (Virginia) Richmond County (Virginia) Henrico County (Virginia) St. Mary's County (Maryland) City of Hopewell (Virginia) Somerset County (Maryland) City of Petersburg (Virginia) Southampton County (Virginia) Prince George County (Virginia) Spotsylvania County (Virginia) City of Richmond (Virginia) Stafford County (Virginia) City of Suffolk (Virginia) Norfolk-Portsmouth SMSA Surry County (Virginia) Sussex County (Delaware) City of Chesapeake (Virginia) Talbot County (Maryland) City of Norfolk (Virginia) Westmoreland County (Virginia) City of Portsmouth (Virginia) Wicomico County (Maryland) City of Virginia Beach (Virginia) City of Williamsburg (Virginia) Worcester County (Maryland) Appendix 3 7 U.S. Census of Population: 1970, "General Social and Economic Characteristics. U.S. Census of Population: 1970, "Number of InJhab- itants. Census of Agriculture: 1969, "Statistics for the S77a.&iand Counties. ' Hou Census of sina: 1970, "Detailed Housing Char- acterislics. Census of Manufactures: 1972., "Area Series. Census of Manufactures: 1972, "Water Use in Mana- facturing. - Census of Wholesale Trade: 1972, "Area Statistics. " Census of Retail Trade: 1972, "Area Statistics. " All of the projec-It-Jons presented in Chapter V of this appendix were obtained fro-irn the OBERS proarram conducted by the ?n Bureau of Econo_rnic Analysis (BEA)--formerly the Office of Business Economics (OBE)--of the U.S. Department of Com- merce, and the Economic Research Service (ERS) of the U. S. Department of Agriculture. The OBERS program provides a regional economic information system covering the past as well as the future and treating the economic activity of the Nation as a whole. Appendix A of the Chesapeake Bay Existing Conditions Report, entitled "The People and M-e-Tconomy", provided background information for this appendix as did a number of the appendixes of the Future Conditions Report. Inaddition -to the above, there were a number of other govern- ment andp.rivate publications used in preparation of this appen- dix. Specific sources of data are listed at the end of each chapter. Appendix 3 8 STUDY PARTICIPATION AND COORDINATION Due to the wide scope, large geographical area, and many resources covered by the Chesapeake Bay Study, data input was required from many sources. Various Federal, State, and local agencies throughout the Bay Region have customarily developed expertise in certain areas of water resource devel- opment. Although overall coordination of the study effort was provided by the Corps of Engineers, input from various sources was required in order to obtain the best study coordination and problem identification. Therefore, an Advisory Group and Steering Committee were established. Five Task Groups were also formed to guide preparation of reports on related resource categories. They are: 1) Economic Projection Task Group 2) Water Quality and Supply, Waste Treatment, and Noxious Weeds Task Group 3) Flood Control, Navigation, Erosion, and Fisheries Task Group 4) Recreation Task Group 5) Fish and Wildlife Coordination Group Detailed information on the composition of each task group as well as the members of the Advisory Group is presented in the Chesapeake Bay Plan of Study and in Appendix 1, Study Organ- ization, Coordination, and History. This appendix was preparedunder the guidance of the Economic Projection Task Group whose members include: the Bureau of Economic Analysis and the National Marine Fisheries Service of the Department of Commerce, the Economic Research Serv- ice of the Department of Agriculture, Department of Housing and Urban Development, Department of Interior, Environmen- tal Protection Agency, Army Corps of Engineers, and the States of Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, Pennsylvania, and the District of Columbia. The task group is involved in studies designed to provide an understanding of the economic base of the Chesapeake Bay Area in terms of its geographic location, its industrial detail, and its strengths and weaknesses. Appendix 3 9 CHAPTERII AN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL HISTORY OF THE CHESAPEAKE BAY REGION EARLY SETTLEMENT The exploration of the Chesapeake Bay Region may have begun as early as the 11th century when the area was probably visited by Thorfinn Karlesefni, a Viking. It is also thought that John Cabot knew of the Bay in 1498 and that Giovanni de Verrazano sailed into the Bay in 1524. However, the first fully documented exploration and mapping of the Chesapeake Bay Region had to wait until 1608 when Captain John Smith left the colony of Jamestown, in Virginia, and navigated all the way to the head of the Bay. Captain Smith described the Chesapeake Bay Region in his diary as "a country that may have the prerogative over most places known, for large and pleasant navigable rivers, heaven and earth never agreed better to frame a place'for man's habitation. Man's habitation at the time, except for the Jamestown colony, consisted of such Indian tribes as the'Assateagues, Nanticokes, Susquehannockes, and Choptanks. They lived in towns twenty to a hundred miles apart, usually located on a river, and con- sisting of several hundred families. They grew tobacco and corn and harvested oysters, crabs, and finfish from the Bay's waters. The natives, according to Captain Smith, also ran commercial strip mines (possibly producing antimony) which discolored the streams in the area. This became the first documented instance of man-made pollution in the Bay. However, the Indian settlements were so spread out and had Appendix 3 .11 such relatively low population densities that these and other man-caused pollutants were easily taken care of by the Bay's ecosystem. The Jamestown colony, from which Captain Smith sailed, was founded in 1607 by Captain Christopher Newport with financial backing from the London-based Virginia Company. It became the first permanent English settlement in America. Its loca- tion near a, malarial swamp, however, was an unfortunate one because of the disease and discomfort which plagued the settle- ment. Jamestown itself grew slowly, yet in twelve short years; plantations had spread up both sides of the James River as far as the Appomattox River. By 1624, these plantation settle- ments extended inland to the head of navigation at the Fall Line, -close to what is now Richmond. The early settlers, like Captain Smith, were extremely impressed by the beauty and abundance of the Bay Region. They reported large numbers of waterfowl which blackened the sky, flocks.of wild turkeys, and' a profusion of shad, sturgeon, and drumfish. Oysters were reported to be as large as 13 inches long and crabs grew to a length of 12 inches. The original plan for the development of the Virginia colony was to send the upper strata of England's vast pool of unemployed to the colony to work in urban centers producing goods for the English market. The colonists were urged to send back to England lumber, naval stores, wine, skins, fish, and other goods scarce in the mother country. These goods, however, could not be produced in Virginia at a low enough cost to be profitable. After several years of economic stagnation, the colonists, led by John Rolfe, discovered a crop which could be produced profitably in the New World and which enjoyed a large market in England. This crop was tobacco. Tobacco captured the imagination of the colonists almost over night. It was planted in every available clearing, including the fort and streets of Jamestown. The use of tobacco was very fashionable among the upper classes of London, who were willing to pay its weight in silver. The Virginia7 Company, however, did not share the colonists' enthusiasm for tobacco, agreeing with King James in calling it a "deceivable weed" which served neither for "necessity nor for ornament to the life of man. " The Company continued to encourage and invest in the iron, glass, lumber, fisheries, and shipbuilding industries, however, these attempts were almost totally unsuccessful. Appendix 3 12 In 1622, the Virginia Company was dealt a severe setback when between three arid four hundred of the colony's 1, 240 inhabit- ants were killed in a massacre by Indians. Discouraged and in dire financial straits, the Company abandoned its scheme for diversification and was soon after dissolved by action of the Crown. THE TOBACCO ERA Tobacco dominated the economy of the Chesapeake colonies after 1622 for more than two centuries. It was easy to under- stand the colonists' preoccupation with the crop. Tobacco prices were so high that it was estimated a man could earn five to six times as much cultivating tobacco than in growing grain. Tobacco imports to England from the Bay Region increased from 60, 000 pounds in 1622 to 500, 000 pounds in 1628 and up to 1, 500, 000 pounds in 1639. The Chesapeake Bay's extensive network of natural waterways opened up approximately 10, 000 square miles of tidewater land to immediate cultivation. Settlement quickly spread, first along major rivers, then followed smaller tributaries and finally spread up the Bay all the way to the Susquehanna River. Settlement in the upper part of the Bay was stimulated by several treaties with the Indians and by the gr.Anting of a char- ter to Lord Cecilus Calvert for the Maryland province in 1632. A permanent settlement was founded two years later at St. Mary's City on a tributary of the Potomac River. In 1660, approximately 80, 000 people lived in the English colonies, two-thirds of these in the Chesapeake Bay Area. There were several factors which brought these immigrants to the Bay Region. The first factor was the high level of wages which prevailed in the area, especially when compared to those in England's seriously depressed economy. An ordinary laborer could earn four or five times as much growing tobacco in Virginia or Maryland than he could for his services in England. Even highly skilled artisans often abandoned their trades upon reaching the colonies and turned to the cultivation oftobacco. Appendix 3 13 Another factor which brought many migrants to the Bay Area was the liberal land distribution policies of the Virginia and Maryland governments. Virginia offered 50 acres to any per- son who could pay his way from Europe. A family of five would -receive 250 acres under this system. Lord Baltimore, during the early days of the province, promised 2, 000 acres of land to every person who could transport five adult males to Maryland with lesser amounts of land for fewer people. Many of the people who came to the Bay Area came as servants, either voluntarily or involuntarily. It was estimated that over one-third of the white immigrants to the Chesapeake Bay Region prior to the Revolution, arrived in some form of bondage During the early period of settlement, the system of indenture@ servitude provided most of the labor arriving in the colonies. In this system, the planters advanced the passage of money to immigrants who wanted to go to the New World but could not afford the expensive voyage. The newcomer was placed under contract to the planter to work off his debt. The period of servitude usually lasted from four to five years. In contrast to this "voluntary" form of servitude, many others came to the colonies against their will. Political, religious, and war prisoners were often sent to the colonies as servants. Over 1,600 Scottish prisoners, captured at the Battle of Worchester, were sent to Virginia in 1651. The kidnapping of teenage boys and girls was a profitable undertaking in the streets of London and Bristol. On arrival in the colonies, these coerced workers were placed on auction blocks and sold to the highest bidder. Despite the efforts of first the Virginia Company and later the British government to establish urban centers in the Bay Area, there was little inclination on the part of these new colonists to settle into towns. In an environment in which each planter could load his crops on ships which could dock almost at his doorstep, towns were simply not needed. "No country is better watered, " wrote the Reverend Jones, "for the conveniency of which most houses are built near some landing place; so that anything may be delivered to a gentleman there from London, Bristol, etc., with very little trouble and cost. " In addition, the plantation economy discouraged the growth of towns since many urban functions such as cobbling, clothesmaking,' buck manufacturing, and repairs could be effectively handled on plantations. The land distribution policies of Maryland and Virginia also tended to keep settlement spread out through the region. It was largely these factors which kept towns such as Williamsburg, Jamestown, St. Mary's, Lancaster, Yorktown, Chestertown, and Cambridge from developing in size and importance. It tookanother phase of the Bay Region's economic history to bring about development of big cities. Appendix 3 14 In 1660, the Royal government passed a series of laws, known as the Navigation Acts, which regulated the trade of the colo- nies. Important colonial products, such as tobacco, were to be sent only to England or English colonies. However, the tobacco production of the Chesapeake colonies had long since outgrown the English market. The Royal government reasoned that Marylandand Virginia would have to cut tobacco production and turntheir energies toward manufacturing or suffer the con- sequences of overproduction. The colonists, for the most part, suffered. Prices fell to half of their previous levels. Planters complained that their returns were so low they could "live but poorly upon it. " The Governor and Council of Virginia stated that the "people of Virginia are generally, some few excepted, extremely poor, not being able to provide against the pressing necessities of their families. " The small farmer was espe- cially hard hit. The profits which had previously made it possible for the freedman to advance his position dwindled. Instead, most found themselves in debt to English merchants. The laborer who came to the Bay Area after 1660 found con- ditions in the colony hardly more favorable for his advancement than in England. Population growth in the Bay colonies slowed considerably after 1660. For example, the population of Virginia increased 200 percent during the 13 years prior to 1662, but increased by only 25 percent during the next 13 year period. Most of the phe- nomenon was due to the migration of poor freedmen out of the area and into colonies where more favorable economic condi- tions existed. This outmigration is evidenced by the fact that between 1662 and 1675, 20, 000 people came to Virginia from England, but the total population of the colony increased by only 10,000. Complete disaster in the Bay colonies was averte d by two developments. The first was the gradual expansion of the European tobacco market over a period of 40 years. By the end of the 17th century, two-thirds of the Chesapeake crop was annually reexported from England to the Baltic countries as well as Holland, France, Spain, Ireland, and other parts of Europe. The second development was the greatly increased rate of importation of cheap labor in the person of African slaves. Slaves began to pour into the colonies in increasing. numbers after the British were able to capture a part of the slave trade from the Dutch in the late 17th century. In 1649, when Virginia's population numbered 15, 000, there were only about 300 blacks in that total. During the period from 1699 to 1708, however, over 6, 800 slaves arrived in the Virginia colony, a number exceeding the entire importation during the 17th century. The use of slave labor lowered production costs enough to allow the larger planters who could afford slaves to stay in business. Appendix 3 15 The Navigation Acts, however, were partially successful in stimulating manufacturing in the Bay Region. When the price of tobacco fell so low that the planters were unable 'to afford necessary supplies from England, there was a spurt of indus- trial activity in tanning, shoemaking, and in the manufacturing of linen, woolen, and cotton cloth. The coal and iron industries also experienced some develop- ment during the first half of the 18th century. The first coal mine in North America was found along the James River in Chesterfield County, Virginia. Extraction began in 1735 and the area enjoyed a virtual monopoly on the Nation's coal supply for almost a century. An important pig iron industry was established in the Maryland foothills about this time attracted by the abundant iron ore and fuel located in the area. By mid-1 8th century, Maryland was producing a quantity approximately equal to one-seventh of the production of England. DIVERSIFICATION OF AGRICULTURE As tobacco prices continued to fall during the first part of the 18th century, the growing of corn and wheat became increas- ingly important to the economy of the Chesapeake Bay Region. This -was especially true in areas where tobacco had never grown very well, suchas the Eastern Shore. It was discovered that these grains would thrive on old tobacco fields which were previously thought as "worn out. " The cultivation of grain was further encouraged by the development of grain markets in the West Indies, Southern Europe, and New England, and by the influx of grain-growing Germans into Central Maryland and Virginia. Chestertown and Baltimore, Maryland, along with Norfolk, Virginia, developed into important centers for grain export. Baltimore had been founded in 1729 and made a privileged place for the landing, loading, and selling of goods to insure its success. Its location further inland than Philadelphia and New York, combined with its proximity to water power made it an especially attractive site. The city soon grew at the expense of older ports in the vicinity--took their foreign trade away and began serving as a collection point for commodities for the greater part of the, Bay Region. By Appendix 3 16 the beginning of the nineteenth century, Baltimore was the fourth largestport in the United States with industries including flour mills, refineries, distilleries, tobacco factories, rope works, paper and cotton mills, nail and shoe factories, tan- neries, and lumber yards. ' the West Indies trade was carried on in Since a large part of L colonial vessels, -the shipbuilding and outfitting industries in the Bay Region were given an important stimulus. Norfolk, Annapolis, Chestertown, and Baltimore constituted the chief shipbuilding centers. The principal center, Norfolk, was advantageously located near the Dismal Swamp which was rich in lumber and naval stores. The town also had a sufficiently deep harbor. to accommodate the largest vessels of the period. In addition, Norfolk was located near the mouth of the Bay, making trade easy with Europe and other parts of the world. The large shipping business which developed had a multiplier effect, attracting large numbers of merchants, artisans, ship- owners, captains, and sailors. The Chesapeake Bay Region became a shipbuilding center second only to New England in the American colonies during the half century before the Revolution. Despite the growth of the shipbuilding and grain industries dur- ing the period before the Revolution, tobacco remained the most important product of the Region. Slaves continued to pour into the area to work on the vast plantations. The Census of 1790 showed Maryland and Virginia with approximately 57 percent of all the slaves in the United States. The continued influx of slaves put an almost complete halt to the importation of white servants and had a disastrous effect on the Bay Region's middle class of small planters and trades- men. This was especially true in Southern Maryland and in Virginia where the plantation system was -well entrenched. Slaves were often taught to be sawyers, carpenters, smiths, and coopers. The use of Negro craftsmen on the plantations tended, by lowering wages and casting a stigma on skilled labor, to run white men out of the trades. The absence of white artisans was acutely felt, for they would have provided a sorely needed element of strength and democracy in a society economically unsound and basically aristocratic. ' These white skilled workers left the Bay Area in large numbers, usually migrating to one of the surrounding colonies where they could earn a decent living. The small planter often experienced a similar fate. Unable to compete with the low production costs of the slave-holding plan- tation owners, many small planters began to raise a higher quality variety of tobacco which required skills the newly Appendix 3 17 arrived slaves had not yet acquired. This worked fairly well during the first half of the 18th century. As the slaves became more proficient in the cultivation of tobacco, however, this advantage was soon lost. Many small planters joined the tradesmen in leaving the Bay Area. In short, the economy of the Chesapeake Region, from settle- ment of Jamestown to the American Revolution, was based almost entirely on the production of tobacco. Some diversifi- cation of agriculture took place during the 18th century as well as some minor industrial activity, but both remained relatively unimportant in comparison to tobacco. On the eve of the Revolution, Norfolk, Virginia was considered to be the most important town in the Bay Area, However, there were no major concentrations of population anywhere in the area. Less than 3 percent of the total population was considered urban in 1776. As might be expected in a largely rural environment, there was little economic or social interaction between the colonists. Each plantation had its own, self-contained, econ- omic and social structure. The Bay Area was thus deprived of the cultural and economic advantages of urban communities during the colonial period. POST -REVOLUTIONARY WAR PERIOD Both the Revolutionary War and the War of 1812 had significant impacts on the Chesapeake Bay Region. Several major battles and many minor skirmishes caused extensive property damage and loss of life in the area. The town of Norfolk was destroyed by the British troops during the Revolution. The tobacco indus- try was especially hard hit during the two wars as naval block- ades by the British effectively cut off the European markets to American trade causing tobacco prices to tumble in this country. On the other hand, there were several positive developments in the Area during this period. Baltimore enjoyed quite a ship- .building and outfitting boom during both wars. The town's shipbuilders outfitted the first frigate of the Continental Navy, and the first two cruisers of the United States Navy. During the, War of 1812, a fleet of 126 privateers operated out of Baltimore. These 126 accounted for 556 British vessels, or Appendix 3 18 nearly one-third of the total taken by American vessels of all classes, including the Navy. Another important development was the establishment of the new National Capital in the District of Columbia, on the Potomac River. The 131 employees of the Departments of State, War, Navy, and the Post Office were moved to their new headquarters in June of 1800. Probably the most important economic development in the Bay Region during the period after the Revolutionary War was the tremendous growth of the towns along the Fall Line as market and processing centers for the produce of the hinterlands. Settlement had continued to spread westward, moving through the Shenandoah Valley and into the vast, highly fertile Ohio River Valley. Produce from these Western lands moved through the ports along the Mid-Eastern Coast of the United States and then on to the major population centers of the world. The individual rates of growth of these port cities depended on the productivity and extent of hinterland which each controlled. The Fall Line cities in the Chesapeake Bay Region were, as a whole, ideally located to capture a large part of the Western trade. They were farther west than any of the other major ports on the Eastern Coast of the United States and most were on waterways which could be navigated by ocean-going vessels. They were also ideally situated for the processing of raw materials due to an abundance of swiftly-flowing streams which offered water power for the operation of mills. THE CANAL ERA The City of Richmond, along with the twin towns of Alexandria and Georgetown in the Washington, D. C. area, were well sit- uated to significantly increase the area under their commercial control. They were located on rivers which flowed not only through the fertile Piedmont, but all the way into the Blue Ridge Mountains, close to the Ohio River system. Unfortu- nately, the Potomac and James Rivers were navigable only by shallow-draft vessels above the Fall Line, and then only during Appendix 3 19 periods of high water. Around 1785, the towns launched pro- jects to build canals around the falls and to improve the navi- gability of the rivers above the falls. The James River project moved along steadily, and by 1800 the river improvements extended all the way to Buchanan, Virginia, 196 miles from Richmond. Political bickering between Maryland and Virginia held up the completion of the Potomac River project until 1823. Both projects were immediately successful. The cost of mov- ing freight down the river and canal systems was less than half the equivalent cost by wagon. Traffic down the Potomac Ri ver tripled the first year after the opening of the Great Falls Canal. These improvements were not totally satisfactory, however, because the canals were designed for shallow-draft boats and the rivers were still only navigable during times of high flow. In 1823, it was estimated that there were only 45 days in the year on which goods and produce could be borne down the Potomac to Alexandria and Georgetown. Meanwhile, New York City seemed likely to capture the bulk of the Western trade as the Erie Canal neared completion. Spurred into new action by this threat from New York, the towns made plans to build deep water canals into the hinterlands of the Potomac and James Rivers. Baltimore originally backed the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal project along the Potomac,- planning to construct a feeder canal into the city. However, when this plan was proven to be tech- nically impossible, Baltimore withdrew its support. The Chesapeake and Ohio and the James River Canal Companies woefully underestimated the expense and time involved in the construction of their canal systems. Still plagued by political controversy, the C & 0 Canal did not reach its objective, Cumberland, until 1850. Although thesetwo canals were never able to repay the tremen- dous amounts of money spent on their construction, they did have important impacts on the local economies. For example, the James River Canal in 1860 still transported three times as much cargo as the busiest railroad line. The main east- ward moving cargoes were tobacco, wheat, flour, iron, coal, and limestone products. Westbound boats were loaded with manufactured goods, salt, sugar, coffee, fish, hardware, and fertilizer. Appendix 3 20 The advent of the Railraod Era in the 1830's was destined to force most of the canal companies out of business. The slow- ness of barge transportation and the fact that the canals were normally open only nine months a year, due to freezing, made the canals poor competitors to the railroads. The, only really successful canal system built in the Bay Region was the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal which connected the Chesapeake Bay and the Delaware River in the Upper Eastern Shore. Although the project was first proposed in 1661, the construction was not completed until 1829. It shortened the route from Baltimore to Philadelphia by 31*6 miles, to New York by 179 miles, and to European ports by about 100 miles. The canal is still in operation and it annually handles approx- imately 22, 000 vessels of all types, making it one of the busiest waterways in the world. THE RAILROAD ERA Baltimore was probably fortunate in not beinglocated on a river which reached very far inland. The city did not get caught-up in the canal building craze which swept the East Coast. Instead, the merchants and political leaders of the city studied alternative ways of improving transportation to and from the hinterland. The decision was made to build a railroad into the Ohio Valley. The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad began construc- tion in 1827, becoming one of the first commercial railways in the country. By 1831, the Frederick -to Baltimore portion of the line was completed. Wheat from Western Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Northern Virginia farms was readily trans- ported, by rail, to the mills surrounding Baltimore. After @milling, the flour was railroaded into the city, down to the waterfront and the waiting ships. In 1835, a branch line was completed to Washington, and in 1842 the B & 0 reached Cumberland, eight years before the C & 0 Canal. By the time the railroad had reached the Ohio River in 1852, Baltimore had become one of the major railroad ports in the country. In the Census of 1840, Baltimore was the second largest city in the country, behind New York. Railroad construction in Virginia was stimulated by competition among Norfolk, Petersburg, and Richmond for control of the Appendix 3 21 profitable tobacco trade of the Roanoke River Valley, tradi- tionally controlled by Norfolk. Petersburg made a bid during 1830-33 by constructing a rail line to Weldon, North Carolina. The venture was very successful. Richmond attempted to tap this business by building the Richmond and Petersburg Rail- road, completed in 1838. Norfolk reentered the competition by constructing a line from Portsmouth to Weldon. Richmond ultimately gained the upper hand during the 1850's with the con- struction of the Richmond and Danville Railroad to Danville, Virginia, which carried almost as much tobacco during this time as the James River Canal. Another line which linked Richmond with Charlotte s ville in 1850, was designed to capture part of the upper Shenandoah Valley trade which was then controlled by Baltimore. This line was later extended to Covington and became the busiest railroad in Virginia. THE PRE-CIVIL WAR ERA Improvements in transportation stimulated the further devel- opment of raw material industries throughout the Bay Region. A wheat boom, starting in the 1820's gave added impetus to the flour-milling business. The wheat farmers were able to realize great increases in productivity with the introduction of new soil conservation practices, first developed in Loudoun County, Virginia. Improvements in plow design and the inven- tion of the mechanical reaper alsohelped increase productivity. By 1830, Maryland and Virginia were producing over one-half of the wheat raised in North America. Baltimore and Richmond vied for the title of the country's major flour-milling center. During the period 1834-50, Richmond's Gallego Mills were the world's largest. Tobacco production and processing also continued to increase during t'his period. Richmond became the Nation's center for the tobacco processing industry. The city alone processed more tobacco than New York, the second-ranking state. One of every eleven Richmonders was employed in the industry. Petersburg's production was about half that of Richmond's. Approximately 90 percent of the production of the two cities was in chewing tobacco. Appendix 3 22 The use of slave labor spread from the plantations to the fac- tories in Richmond and Petersburg. Some of the slaves were bought by the industrialists. But more often the plantation owners would rent the services of their slaves to the factory owners, especially during the winter months. The cotton- milling industry was expanded in these two cities as a source of employment for white laborers since most whites refused to work next to blacks in the existing factories. Meanwhile, Baltimore was following a different course of econ- omic and social development. The city' s economy became much more diversified after the Revolution, becoming less dependent on tobacco for its well being. Commercial ties were estab- lished with the newly-formed South American Republics and China. The port became a major importer of guano from Peru for distribution from Baltimore to Southern plantations for use as a fertilizer. Coffee from Brazil and copper ore from Chile and Peru were also important in the South American trade. In sharp contrast to Richmond and Petersburg, Baltimore did .not use slave labor to any significant extent in its factories, thus developing an important middle class of skilled workers. By 1860, Baltimore was well established as the leading com- mercial and industrial center in -the Bay Area as indicated by the population figures in Table 3-2. Norfolk had not grown as rapidly as the other cities in the region during this period because of its failure to establish strong commercial ties with the hinterland. By 1860, Washington, D.C. was only fourteenth in size but was beginning to show signs of awakening from its 60-year slumber, although United States Senators and Representatives often complained of cows, sheep, and goats roaming through the city's unimproved streets. The figures in Table 3-2 also reflect the trend toward urban- ization during the period between 1790 and 1860. This is especially true in the northern section of the Bay Region. The urban population of Virginia increased approximately 940 per- cent during this period, while Maryland's city dwellers increased over 1,700 percent. However, the proportion of Virginia's population considered urban remained a relatively low 9. 5 percent. In contrast, Maryland's urban dwellers com- prised about 34. 0 percentof the total population. The northern part of the Bay Region, and the Baltimore area in particular, was clearly becoming a vital part of the developing commer- cial-industrial complex along the Northeastern coast of the United States. This was the area. which was later to become known as the "megalopolis. Appendix 3 23 TABLE 3-2 POPULATION OF MAJOR STUDY AREA CITIES 1790 AND 1860 city 1790 1860 Baltimore 13,503 212,418 Alexandria 2,748 12,654 Richmond 3,761 37,910 Petersburg 2,828 18,266 Norfolk 2,459 14,620 Washington 75,080 Wilmington, Delaware 21,258 THE CIVIL WAR YEARS General William Tecumseh Sherman, who perhaps saw more clearly into the future than any of his contemporaries, wrote at the onset of the Civil War that "in all history no nation of mere agriculturists ever made successful war against a nation of mechanics . . . "(1) This prophecy of Sherman's became self-fulfilling as the War progressed, for business and indus- trial expansion in the North kept pace with the increasing victories of the Union Army. The basic outline of industrial development in the North had of course been drawn before 1861: railroad construction, exploitation of vast coal, timber, and other mineral resources, factories and corporations becoming larger and larger in size and influence, mechanization of agriculture and industry, and so forth; however, the war between the states gave this whole movement'a tremendous push. The need to supply the Union Army with war material, the removal of an obstructionist Congress dominated by Southerners who blocked approvals for internal improvements and tariffs, the money to be made in Appendix 3 24 waging a war, and the need to replace manpower with mechan- ical power all contributed to the drive toward industrialization, mechanization, and growth in the North. Farmers purchased some 250, 000 reapers during the War. Sewing machines had just been invented and already some 100, 000 people were engaged in making ready to wear clothing. Over 200, 000 pounds of wool a year were being consumed by the textile industry. Up to 1863 the Union had been forced to import munitions; from this time onward the Union supplied her own ordnance and even began to export war material to Europe. Philadelphia, alone, erected 57 new factories in 1863. All this activity brought fortunes into being. There were now scores of millionaires in America where a few years before there had been only a handful. Secession in Baltimore had led to a severe internal political crisis because many of the residentsheld strong Southern sym- pathies. After a mob fired upon a Northern regiment passing through the city, Baltimore was occupied by Union forces in April 1861. As a result of the occupation, the city's railroad links with the rest of the country were severed. The Union was thus forced to use the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal at the northern end of the Bay to move troops and supplies to Washington. "It has often been stated that the existence of the canal in 1861 saved Washington from capture. "(2) The C & D Canal was employed as a transportation route to bypass Baltimore and ferry ordnance to Annapolis where the material was sent on by rail to Washington. So important was the Canal to the Union war effort that it was placed under military protection at the outbreak of hostilities. Both politically and strategically, the waterways had a great influence over what took place in the Bay Region during the War. The Potomac River divided the , Union from the Confederacy. The Chesapeake Day isolated Virginia's Eastern Shore and tidewater rivers and streams extended Federal naval power far inland, protecting Washington and threatening Richmond. The waterways severely restricted movement of southern land forces. Yet numerous skirmishes, particularly on the Potomac, either successfully cut-off or threatened to cut-off Washington, D. C. Is commercial shipping and trade. The relative isolation of Baltimore at first created economic depression. Baltimore businessmen, though, soon wrested enough war contracts from the Lincoln administration to start up industry again. Iron works and mills in and around the city made fortunes supplying the Union Army soon after railroad Appendix 3 25 lines were reestablished, and the shipbuilding capacity of the city greatly expanded over this period. The Civil War was having a tremendous effect on the growth of Washington. This city which was previously little more than a sleepy provincial town, now became the command center for the largest armed conflict during the nineteeth century. Washington filled overnight with hundreds of thousands of soldiers and their dependents, runaway slaves, and war specu- lators and profiteers. While the cities of the North were enjoying a war induced boom, the cities south of the Potomac were also undergoing change. Richmond with its 38, 000 residents in 1860 was the most important city in the South Atlantic region. Her factories played an. especially important part in the Confederacy's war effort. The Tredegar Iron Works cast practically all of the cannons and a large portion of the rails used in the South. Shoe and clothing factories were established in Richmond during the war, and the city's mills ground a large share of the total flour produced. Petersburg, south of Richmond, also made a significant contribution to the Confederacy by manufacturing a large quantity of gunpowder. The Southern war effort, however, was almost always ham- pered by a lack of an adequate transportation network and a chaotic system of finance. The result was continued break- downs in production caused by lack of raw materials, and of course, destruction of productive machinery by war itself. Inflation was running rampant, a barrel of flour that cost $25 in 1861 sold for $1, 000 in 1865. Unable to finance itself, running into shortages, damaged by war, the Southern economy toward the end of hostilities found itself living off its accumu- lated economic and social surpluses. Moreover, at -war's end, large sections of Richmond and Petersburg had been burned down, virtually all of their railroads and bridges were destroyed, and the livestock and crops of the region had been stolen or burned off. "Norfolk, had escaped the complete destruction which had been her lot in the Revolution, but her commerce was at a low ebb, her tributary railways broken, her finances deranged.. her streets out of repair, her citizens impoverished. "(3) Appendix 3 26 RISE OF METROPOLIS Along with industrialization in the 19th Century came the ascendancy of technology and finance. Ultimately, these factors combined to cause the rise of themodern metropolis. Industry, because of the economies of scale provided by tech- nology, needed several developments outside the working place in order to insure industry's success: a large labor force to supply workers to the factories and to keep wages down, a huge centralized market to consume the goods rapidly produced by assembly line techniques, and the elimination of individual tastes so that products could be standardized. Cities, by con- centrating both the labor and product market, cheapening the price of labor, and standardizing tastes, fulfil-led industry's needs. Economic historian N. S. B. Gras has aptly described the modern economy as "metropolitan economy" because of the crucial role played by the large cities in organizing production and distribution. (4) Finance also marched in step with the new technology. Indus- tries and railroads could no longer be capitalized by individuals in this new technological era; projects had to have bank financ- ing for their realization. The Civil War had already straight- ened out a lot of irrational bank practices, such as the large amount of currency issued by the banks themselves, preparing the banks to move into the new arena of big industries and big cities. Banks in turn had to have large numbers of depositors, and banks themselves added to the concentration by forcing other financial institutions and corporation headquarters to be located near them. Industrialization and the resultant growth of the metropolis came about, in large part, because of the hinterlands which provided much of industry's raw materials. The hinterlands, on the other hand, relied on the city for its finished products. Although there were some mutual points of interest between the metropolis and the hinterland, between Baltimore, Richmond, and Norfolk and the areas these cities traded with, the overriding point was one of antagonism. (Washington being almost entirely a service -oriented city from its very beginning becomes a slight exception to what follows. ) The metropolis is the creditor, the hinterland is the debtor. The former pro- duces manufactured goods and wants high tariffs, the latter producing raw materials desires low tariffs. Appendix 3 27 The hinterland dependent on the transportation system monopo- lized by the metropolis requires inexpensive shipping. Cities want to buy raw materials cheaply and sell manufactured goods dearly. Both areas compete for a labor supply. By the last quarter of the nineteenth century all these factors were tipping in favor of the metropolis. Cities, in short, were drawing off the hinterland's capital and labor to the metropolis' aggrandizement. This struggle finally -reached its culmination in the railroad and antitrust regulations oil the 1380's and 18901s. The hinter- land, ultimately, - was the loser; legislation proved ineffective in stopping the growth of industry and metropolis. The city stood supreme by the turn of this century, growth would con- tinue to go unrestrained. The effect on regional agriculture of this city-rural conflict was to further commercial farming practices. As the railroads and cities expanded and deepened the market and as metropol- itan development absorbed more and more farmland, farmers in the area more intensely pursued those lines of production they had a greater advantage in. Jean Gottmann's simple rule of thumb that farmers "will continue to arow mo-e food on less land while the cities grow in size and population"(5) is a good method to assess future agricultural trends in the Bay Region. At this juncture, it will be wise to mention that industrialization did not supersede mercantilism entirely. Trade still continued to play a very important role in the cities, especially in Baltimore and Norfolk. Very few major cities in the United States are not port cities. Establis hment of a hinterland which could be controlled was a very important development tothe port cities of the Chesapeake Bay. For the size of the hinterland was a crucial factor in determining how large the city might grow; the hinterland pro- vided raw materials for export and a market for imported and domestically produced goods. Baltimore was especially favored in this respect since the city sat near the mouth of the Susquehanna River draining the rich Susquehanna Basin. Baltimore also was near the fertile Great Valley of Pennsylvania and Virginia which led to the Ohio River Basin. When its trade with these areas was challenged by Philadelphia commercial interests with their turnpike and canal construction, Baltimore financiers built the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad into the Ohio Valley. John B. Garrett, president of the Baltimore and Ohio, recog- nized the strong connection between the grain producing heart- land of America and his home city. After he was elected to the Appendix 3 28 presidency in 1858, he double-tracked the line into the Middle West and obtained good rail connections with St. Louis and Chicago. '@I have always considered Baltimore as a natural outlet of the vast northwestern trade now being developed, "(6) said the rival railroader Jay Cook of the Northern Pacific as if in affirmation of Garrett's move. Garrett heavily committed his line to the grain export trade, and he "gleefully predicted during 1873 and 1874 that his com- mitment to farm exports would . . . transform Baltimore into the Liverpool of America. "(7) Garrett was also interested in establishing trade links between Baltimore and South America, and this continent played an especially, large role in the d6vel- opment of the port of Baltimore. Baltimore was closer to South America than any other major port in the northeast. The port's locational advantage allowed it to capture most of the trade along South America's eastern coast. Brazil's trade in particular was strongly tied to the port of Baltimore; almost 97% of the port's South American ship- ments went to Brazil from 1812 to 1893. Brazil in turn sup- plied coffee, and_coffee "wasthe most permanent, fundamental, and successful element in Baltimore's import trade."(8) Another important ingredient in the expansion of the port was immigration. North German Lloyd Steamship Company opened a passage between Bremen, Germany, and Baltimore in 1868, and from this time onward most of the German immigrants entering the United States came through Baltimore. Further to the south, Norfolk was likewise being transformed. Consolidation of many small railroads into what finally became known as the Norfolk and Western Railroad allowed commerce which previously went to Richmond to be channeled toward Norfolk. Products of the Far South, southern Virginia, and, most importantly for the port's long range growth, the coal of Virginia, West Virginia, and Kentucky came to Norfolk in ever increasing volume. After it reached the Pocahontas coal fields of southwestern Virginia, the Norfolk and Western pushed branch lines up all narrow mountain valleys where coal could be found. This rail- road then extended its trackage into the West Virginia and Kentucky coal regions and thereby secured a continuous coal supply for shipment to Norfolk. A great variety of products had caused the port's expansion, but from 1885 to the present coal was the leading item in Norfolk's export trade. Norfolk had achieved its goal of becoming the "Newcastle of America" as Baltimore was striving to become the "Liverpool of America. Appendix 3 29 The port of Norfolk, by the turn of this century, stood supreme as a regional commercial center. "Norfolk now looked back upon the antebellum days when she was struggling vainly to secure rail-way connections with the south and west, as an unpleasant,. hazy memory. With great railway systems fighting to reach her harbor, with the Fall Line towns eliminated as rival ports, with the products of Virginia, West Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and the Far'South pouring into her lav, she realized that the long expected prosperity was at hand.(9) The value of exports had increased from $728, 000 in 1871 to $19.8 million in 1882, a twenty-fold expansion in just a little over ten years. THE EXPANDING METROPOLIS There were certain events taking place in a number of Bay cities whch were transforming them into growing, thriving metropolises. For example, after the Civil War, Baltimore, Washington, Richmond, and Norfolk were attracting large num- bers of rural and foreign immigrants as shown by the population increases reflected in Table 3-3. Such an influx provided a ready source of labor--a precious commodity for an expanding industrial nation. TABLE 3-3 GROWTH OF BAY AREA URBAN POPULATION 1860 - 1900 0/6 Change 1860 1900 1860-1900 Baltimore 212,418 508,957 240 Wa shingtoh, D.C. 75,080 278,718 371 Richmond 37,910 85,028 224 Norfolk 14,620 46,624 319 Appendix 3 30 Another factor was to have a tremendous effect on growth. In 1887, the Maryland Steel Company began building a mill.. at Sparrows Point, a neck of land jutting out into the Bay east of Baltimore City. Four blast furnaces and other facilities were constructed; and by 1890, Maryland was the ninth largest steel producing state in the country whereas previously she had been thirteenth. The history of Sparrows Point goes back to 1867 when the Pennsylvania Steel Company began producing Bessemer rails at their Steelton, Pennsylvania, mill. Low phosphorus iron ore for the Bessemer process at first came from Pennsylvania and New Jersey, but these deposits were inadequate to meet the increasing demand. Pennsylvania Steel Company in 1882 bought extensive iron ore reserves in Cuba and soon after looked around for a tidewater site to build a mill which would minimize haulage distances between the for- eign iron ore and the metallurgical coal of Pennsylvania and West Virginia. The site selected was the Baltimore area. Pennsylvania Steel Company in the meanwhile had reorganized itself as the Maryland Steel Company. (In 1916, Bethlehem Steel Company acquired all the plant and equipment of the former Pennsylvania Steel Company.) The Civil War, so devastating to the South, was to ultimately benefit theRegion in certain respects. The war-caused poverty was proving attractive to outside industrial investments. The Philadelphia Telegraph pointed out to its readers that in the South "land, labor, fuel, water power, and building facilities were cheap. The way to clear and large profits is open. 11(10) Railroads were among the first recipients of northern and foreign capital, some $150 million being invested in southern railways from 1879 to 1881. The Richmond and Danville Rail- road, once a small line, now spurred on by northern capital had, by consolidating smaller lines, 3, 125 miles of trackage in 1890. The Richmond and Danville was in turn controlled by the Richmond and West Point Terminal Company which in 1890 had 8, 558 miles of tracks. A portion of northern capital also went into the cotton textile industry. Northern investors were exporting technologies into the South which had entered into a decline in- the North. Cotton textiles had -previously been New England's. leading industry, textiles would now.hold that position in many areas of the South. Southern railroad and manufacturing expansion, as noted, was - chiefly sponsored and financed by northern and foreign inter- ests. Seventeen Terminal Company directors, for example, out of a total of twenty were northerners. Economic ' develop- ment, however, was not entirely induced from the outside, for a newly emerging, entrepreneurial southern middle-class was coming to the fore. "They are taking the leading place not only in our political and financial affairs, but are pressing to the Appendix 3 31 front fo:-n social recognition" reported the Richmond Whig and Advertiser on April 4, 1876 "Our provincial ch-a-r-ac-fe-r- isticg-a@-i`efast disappearing . . . We are no longer a village but a city. "(11) Tobacco processing had a long history of development in Virginia and its capital city. Previously the trade had been carried out largely on a handicraft basis, but by the end of the 19th century it was so mechanized that the Census of Manufacturers would state in 1900 that "everything from the stemming of the leaf to the payment of wages to the employees of the factory is done by machinery. " Cigarette smoking was becoming popular at this time, U. S. cigarette production having increased from 20 million in 1870 to 3 billion in 1890. A young Virginian in the meanwhile patented a cigarette making machine in 1880 making it possible for the industry to meet rising demand. Other patents for packaging and labeling machinery, by southerners, were soon forthcoming. Urban areas were indeed undergoing rapid change. The living conditions were changing as well. Unfortunately, the guiding philosophy by which the expanding cities were sometimes laid out was mechanistic or utilitarian. Social and physiological requirements of people were, in some cases, almost entirely forgot-ten or disregarded. The-thoughtful and imaginative plan- ning of the early planners -architects -engineers was destroyed in the modern era. Only vestiges of their concepts can still be seen today in the original parts of the Bay cities. Ironically, the order and harmony sought through the scientific and mathematical detachment of the utilitarians led in many cases to human and environmental chaos. For much urban growth was to be planless. Along the shoreline of Baltimore and Norfolkand the riverfront of Richmond and the other cities of the Bay (Washington being an exception to a degree) large factories and their accompany- ing railroad lines, marshalling yards, and slums grew. Factories preempted development along the cities' shoreline or flood plain because this area contained flat, broad expanses of land, railroad lines, and an ample supply of water which industry needed for cooling, cleaning, and processing pur- poses. "Above all the river . . . had still another important function; it was the cheapest and most convenient dumping ground for all soluable or suspendible forms of waste. The transformation of the rivers into open sewers was a character- istic feat of the new economy. Result: poisoning of aquatic life; destruction of food; befouling of water so it was unfit to bathe in. "(12) Some of the Bay tributaries became increasingly. polluted from the factories located along the shore. Appendix 3 32 Intensifying the problem was the urban pattern that the factories created. When population and industry were dispersed in a nascent industrial society, the purifying effects of air and water could remove most of the pollutants caused by people and fac- tories. Concentration overtaxed the ability of the elements to cleanse the environment, and pollution became a major ingre- dient of urban life. There were, of course, great improvements in city services. The abuses of industrialization called into being groups which tried to correct some of the most glaring errors. People .P It turnedto a system of municipal socialism" to improve the sanitary facilities of the cities. Sewage mains and treatment plants, aqueducts, pumping stations, andsoforthwere extended and improved. The effects of these municipally owned facilities were often immediate and direct. In Norfolk, for instance, "a contagious disease hospital was established, war was declared on mosquitoes and flies, school chidlren were inspected regu- larly, dental clinics were established. "(13) The appalling high infant mortality rate, for one, began to level off and decline. THE BAY REGION IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY In 1900, half the population of the Chesapeake Bay Region was urban. Urbanization was still more pronounced in 'the northern portion of the Region than within the area below the Potomac. By the eve of World War II, two-thirds of the entire Chesapeake Bay Region's population was urbanized, and every subregion had at least half its inhabitants residing in cities. The Baltimore Subregion whichpreviously contained 50% of the entire Region's population, in 1940 contained some 40% of the total. The Washington Subregion whose population doubled from 1900 to 1940 experienced the largest absolute chancre, but the cities south of the Potomac had undergone the greatest relative popu- lation growth. The first four decades of the twentieth century were a period of city building in the South, and fueling this expansion was the highest sectional birth rate in the country. This enormous populatio.-Li pressure on. available rural Al resources, which were not large to begin with, either forced millions out of the South entirely or into the cities of the South. "Over the whole area," W. J. Cash writes of southern city Appendix 3 33 construction, "hung the incessant machine-gun rattle of riveting hammers; inmany places the streets were like those of a rebuilding war area, with, the yawning walls of old buildings coming down and of new buildings going up; for solid miles through Dixie the old fashionable residential districts of the years from 1880 to 1920 were being riddled by I office buidlings, store fronts, filling stations and the like '(14) Richmond and Norfolk Subregions which had been 35% and 32016 urbanized, respectively, in 1900 were by 1940 51% and 59% urbanized. The causes'of' urbanization below the Potomac were quite different from the causes which lead to city building above the river. Washington, of course, grew in direct relation to the incr'easing role of the Federal Government. Baltimore's growth coincided with the expanding size of its manufacturing and port activities. Richmond and Norfolk also had manufac- turing., industries, but in these cities, services, government and especially the military in the Norfolk area created the employ- ment opportunities. Table 3-4 below shows the amount of value added by manufacturing in 1927 by the cities of Baltimore, Richmond, and Norfolk; clearly, the preponderance of manu- facturing was still above the Potomac. TABLE 3-4 VALUE ADDED BY MANUFACTURING Value Added by Manuta cturiEg-,-1-92 7 city (in millions of dollar-s-) Baltimore $619 Richmond 220 Norfolk 29 The cit-ies below the Potomac in a sense "leap-frogged economic development.' They moved into the services, government, and military sectors before the industrial sector had fully developed itself. Services and government would later play a significant role in the Baltimore job market, but the cities below the Potomac, andof course Washington, arrived at this point first. The military, moreover, in the past twenty-five years of war and preparation for war would spur on the urban economy. "In the Norfolk -Portsmouth area, 53% of the income received by Appendix 3 34 individuals is deriived from Federal Government employment. This is a higher proportion than for any large metropolitan area in the country. "(15) A significant portion of this income in Norfolk -Portsmouth comes from working in defense industries. The percentage distribution of personal earnings by industry for metropolitan areas within the Chesapeake Bay Area is shown in Table 3-5. Chesapeake Bay's economy as well as the national economy had largely completed the process of city building and industrial development in the time between the two world wars. Indus- trialization and its effects were neither sudden nor dramatic. An incubation period was first needed before a labor force familiar with the seasonal pace of agriculture would submit to the discipline, regimentation, and the very changes in life style demanded by industry. Industrialization, writes Ellul, It resulted not from the exploitation of coal, but -rather from a change of attitude on the part of the whole civilization. "(16) POPULATION AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE TWENTIETH CE-NTUR-Y The Chesapeake Bay Region's population and economy is today still very much urban based. Most economic activity and the majority of people reside within metropolitan areas. In 1969, $,28. 3 billion of total personal income accrued to all Bay resi- dents, $26.1 billion of which went to SMSA dwellers. The cur- rent Study Area population totals approximately 7.9 million, of which 7 million live in an urban environment. The Wilmington SMSA has 0. 5 million, Baltimore 2 million, 3 million in Washington, another 0. 5 million in Richmond, and in Hampton Roads (Newport News-Hampton and Norfolk- Portsmouth) reside 1 million. The rest of the population, 0. 9 million, is thinly scattered over the Eastern Shore and on the large peninsulas of the Western Shore. Population and the economy are overwhelmingly urban; yet, over one hundred years ago, these sectors were rural-in character. This rela- tively swift transformation of the Region, and the Nation, con- stitutes one of the greatest records of city building in history. Appendix 3 35 TABLE 3-5 PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF PERSONAL EARNINGS BY BROAD INDUSTRIAL SOURCES FOR METROPOLITAN AREAS IN THE CHESAPEAKE BAY AREA, 19711 Transportation, Finance, Farm,Mining, Communications, Wholesale & Insurance & Contract Government Manufacturing & Public Utilities Retail Trade Real Estate Services Construction Total Sum of all SMSA 17.6 27.1 7.6 17.2 6.2 16.3 8.0 100.0 areas in Nation Baltimore, Md. 22.7 24.4 8.1 17.4 5.3 14.7 7.4 100.0 Washington, D.C.- 47.5 3.7 5.4 12.6 4.7 19.6 6.5 100.0 Md.-Va. Richmond, Va. 19.6 22.6 8.6 19.1 8.6 14.2 7.3 100.0 Newport News-Hampton, Va. 44.5 25.1 3.3 9.6 2.4 10.2 4.9 100.0 Norfolk-Portsmouth, Va. 49.8 7.3 6.4 14.6 3.5 12.0 6.4 100.0 Petersburg-Colonial 44.6 29.6 3.3 9.3 1.5 7.5 4.2 100.0 Heights, Va. Wilmington, Del.- 13.4 43.6 5.1 12.3 4.0 12.1 9.5 100.0 Md.-N.J. 'Source: U.S. Water Resources Council. 1972 OBERS Projections of Economic Activity in the U.S., Series E, Vol. 5, 1974. The U.S. and Chesapeake Bay Region labor force underwent significant change in composition during this century as it had over the last. About 70% of the jobs which are held today did not even exist fifty years ago; 70% of the jobs that. existed in 1900 have since been eliminated. To call- what has happened a "job revolution" or "post -industrial" era as the nation and region shifted from the production of goods to the creation of services, from "blue" to "white" collar, is somewhat pre- mature. Industrial employment (construction, manufacturing, public utilities, transportation, and communications) has remained fairly stable over the past 70 years. What did occur in the period from 1900 to 1970 was a sharp loss in agricultural jobs and a rise in service employment which radically altered the labor structure. In 190,0, employment was more or less balanced between the three employment sectors: agriculture, industry, and ser- vices. Seventy years later approximately two out of every three jobs were accounted for by services, and regionally, the service employment share is even higher than nationally. Agri- culture in the meantime has almost disappeared as a significant employer. Why these differences between agriculture, indus- try, and service employment--the declines in the first, the steadiness of the second, and the increases of the last sector? Both industry and agriculture, for example, were shaped by the same technical forces of mechanization and automation. Then why were jobs eliminated on the farm but not in industry? Demand schedules provide part of the answer. That is, while population and real income increased over the last seven decades, the demand for agricultural products did not go up proportionally. Grain tonnage hardly doubled in this century, but population almost tripled and real per capita income rose five times. The opposite wastruefor manufactured articles. Sales of-auto- mobiles, homes, factories, and so forth more than doubled, tripled, and quadrupled since 1900. Individuals, businesses,. and government chose to spend their incomes on consumer durables and non-durables, capital goods, and social overhead rather than for more food and fiber. Per capita calorie intake has, in fact, fallen -since 1900 and so has the use of natural fibers. Secondly, agriculture was andis a muchmore productive sector than industry. Industrialization itself was dependent upon a rise in output from the land. Even in the modern era, from 1947 to 1970, output per man hour in agriculture increased by 287% as compared to 97% for manufacturing. - The use of machinery on the farm resulted in a huge job loss. From 1900 to 1970, agricultural employment, as a percentage of total Appendix 3 37 employment, fell by 34%, industry only declined by 3%, and these decreases ole 37% were shifted to the service sector. Service employment has come to dominate both the U. S. and Chesapeake Bay Region's labor market. The number of people employedwithin retailand wholesale trade, finance, insurance, real estate, services, and government in the nation increased by 20. 1 million from 1950 to 1970. Over the same period, 5.4 million additional workers (including white collar) entered the construction, manufacturing, utilities, communication, and transportation sector. Government employment both nationally and regionally has been an especially rapidly growing job area. In 1970, over 475, 000 people were employed by the public administration sectol- (government) in the Estuary Area, an increase of over 216 percent since 1940, as shown in Table 3-16. U. S. employment in this sector during the same period increased 183 percent. One out of every seven workers in the Bay Region is currently employed by Federal, State, or local governments as opposed to one in nineteen, nationally. TABLE 3-6 FEDERAL, STATE, AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT EMPLOYMENT FOR THE ESTUARY AREA AND THE UNITED STATES, 1940 - 1970* ESTUARY ESTUARY U. S. EMPLOYMENT YEAR EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT AS 0/6 OF U. S. TOTAL 1940 150,600 1,484,600 .10. 10/, 1950 278,300 2,514,400 11.10/, 1960 349,200 3,202,900 10. 90/0 1970 475,400 4,201,700 11.30/6 @Sources: 1) Office of Business Economics, U.S. Department of Commerce'. Growth Patterns in Employment By County, 1940- 1950 and 1950-1960. Washington, D.C.: GJPO, 1965. 2) PE"r-eau of trie CeF-sus, -U.-S. Department of'Commerce. General Social and Economic Characteristics, 1970 Census of Population. Wa-s-=ng on, D.C.: CPO, 1972. Another factor causing service employment increases has been the transformation of housework. This development, in turn, has lead to the greatest change in the U. S. labor market coequal to that of service employment itself; namely, the entry Appendix 3 38 of large numbers of women into the labor force. In this cen- tury many activities once reserved for the home, and uncounted as nationalincome, such as cooking, cleaning, clothes making, child rearing, care of the aged, and so on have been assumed by the service industry. As a result of the public and private sectors performing household -tasks, women have been able to enter the labor market. In 1920, women constituted 20% of the total U. S. labor force; presently, they make up 40%, and in the near future they will probably account for half the total as they already do in the Washington, D. C. SMSA. GROWTH OF SUBURBS While the railroad enabled the hinterland to be tapped and helped shape the 19th Century city, -it was to be automotive power which forged the cities in the 20th Century. No longer would the size of the city be restricted to that distance which could be traveled in about one hour. Cities were spreading out and around their peripheries suburbs were being built. Rising real incomes, deteriorating central city housing, and Federal home loans also greatly expanded the suburbs. In addition, the invention of alternating current, as opposed to Edison's direct current which limited electric transmission of from 1 to 2 miles, permitted extension of electric power to meet suburban consumer demand. After the streetcar and public mass transit's demise in the 1930's, automobiles became the favored means of suburban transportation. Motor vehicles produced 0. 1 million horsepower in the U. S. at the beginning of the twentieth century. By 1970, this figure had increased to 19, 325 million horsepower, over half of which was employed in moving people from their homes to their jobs. The metropolitan regions, as the example in Table 3-7 shows,- are heavily weighted toward automobile transportation. In the Baltimore SMSA, 82 0, 000 people go to work each day. Of that number, 107, 000, or 13176, use public transportation; 624, 000, or 76 O/o, get to -their jobs with automobiles. The urban pattern that the automobile has established, moreover, espe- cially in the suburbs, feeds on and nourishes the car's reason Appendix 3 39 TABLE 3 - 7 MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION, BALTIMORE, SMSA, 1970 Public All Transpor- Workers Auto tation 0/6 Walk 0/6 Baltimore City 344, 801 213,515 62 88,552 26 30,198 9 Counties Anne Arundel 121,742 105,293 86 2,958 2 8,398 7 Baltimore 256,033 222,244 87 14,035 3 9,696 4 Carroll 27,030 22,407 83 1,530 5 1,578 6 Harford 46,343 39,168 85 965 1 3,772 3 Howard 23,648 20,920 88 465 2 651 3 TOTAL 819,597 623,547 76 1006,878 13 54,293 7 for being. The isolated shopping center, the isolated industrial park, and the low population density make mobility with one of . the least efficient modes of transportation a necessity. There exists the potential, nonetheless, in the Baltimo.re SMSA and probably within all SMSA's to develop a . transportation system which can move commuters cheaply, safely, and swiftly. A system which integrates buses and trains with auto- mobiles will reduce the daily traffic crunch and the accompany- ing environmental disruption. Streetcars, public transit, and automobiles gave suburbanites a means of transportation, but it was only in the post-World 'War II era that suburbs assumed the importance they now have. The war provided employment, forced savings, and price controls which significantly raised real incomes.' This in com- bination with lack of central city housing and Federal subsidies for suburban housing made for sharp increases in suburban populations over the last 30 years. Table 3-8 below shows population orrowth of the center cities versus that of the SMSA as a whole. "Two cannons of the new suburbs, " writes Boorstin, it were: Romantize and Stratify. "(17) Suburbs were frequently laid out to imitate the design of rustic disorder- -winding roads, homes set off at irregular distances, and of different designs, split rail fences,. plastic farm animals on the lawns, in short, the .pastoral ideal in an industrial world, all made possible by a massive intrusion of energy. Stratification meant homog- eneous population based on income, religious, and racial composition. Appendix 3 40 TABLE 3-8 POPULATION GROWTH OF THE SMSA AND CENTER CITIES 1940 -1970 (In Thousands) O/o Growth 1940 1950 1960 1970 1940 - 70 Baltimore City 859 950 939 906 5 Rest of Baltimore SMSA' 276 462 479 674 144 Washington 663 802 764 757 14 Rest of Washington SMSA** 345 707 1,313 2,105 510 Richmond 193 230 220 250 29 Rest of Richmond SMSA"" 95 126 226 283 193 Norfolk 144 214 305 308 114 Rest of Norfolk SMSA****' 66 158 159 261 295 *Includes: Baltimore, Anne Arundel, Howard, Harford, and Carroll Counties. **Includes: Montgomery and Prince Georges Counties, Maryland; and Loudoun, Prince William, and Arlington Counties and Alexandria and Fairfax .Cities, Virginia. Hanover, Hen-rico, and Chesterfield Counties. ""',Includes: Chesapeake and Virginia Beach Cities. After World War 11, as noted, the central cities' economies shifted from the production of goods to the creation of services, from blue to white collar. Industry, however, had traditionally been the employer of the unskilled, and with the stagnation of industrial employment, incomes and job opportunities began to drop for urban residents. The second industrial revolution was having a marked effect upon the standard of living of the central cities' population. In Baltimore City, median family income in 1970was $8, 815. For the five surrounding suburban counties --Anne Arundel, Baltimore, Carroll, Harford, and Howard-- median family income equalled $11, 771. Baltimore central city median family income was only 75176 of that found in the suburbs. This represents a 9% drop from the 84% ratio in 1960. Nation- ally in 1970, the ratio between city and suburb income was 83%. Appendix 3 41 Virginia's cities and suburbs generally followed the same trend. The cities' Population had higher incomes than the surrounding suburban areas before World War II, but in the post-war era, the situation changed. Although population in the central cities started to decline, people did not move too far out into the hinterland. Economic and social communities were not formed since economic con- trol still remained in the downtown areas of the cities. The jobs, particularly service employment, continued to be found in the cities. Paradoxically much of the maufacturing employ- ment which was started in suburbia is filled by residents of the center cities who because of economic and racial barriers are unableto relocate near their places of work. Thus we have the phenomena of white-collar workers streaming into the city during morning rush hours while blue-collar workers are moving in a counter direction. This situation then reverses itself in the evening. The rapid expansion of the metropolitan area also affected the surrounding rural area. In the areas between suburbias, the rural parts of Maryland and Virginia, economic development has largely stagnated. Many of these rural communities had more population 100 years ago than they do today. The rural people have, in short, left the farms and migrated to where employment could be obtained, especially the young adults. Whether or not these areas will ever revive is still problematical. The economic history of the Bay Area is not too unlike that of many other urban areas throughout the world. The develop- ments of man and his accompanying degradations of the envi- ronment are a tale told too often in history. It is hoped that this chapter has presented a brief picture of how and why the Bay Area developed and the economic and social framework this water resource must address. .Appendix 3 42 FOOTNOTES 1. Cited by Bruce Catton in Glory Road. (New York: Pocket- book, 1964), pp. 255-256. 2. Ralph D. Gray, The National Waterway: A History of the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal, 1769 - 1965. (Urbana; M7 Universily--oT-Illinois Press, 1967), p.-144. 3. Thomas J. Wertenbaker, Norfolk; Historical Southern Port. (Durham, N.C. Duke University P Mir P=. 4. N. S. B. Gras, An Introduction to Economic History. (New York: Harper & Bros., 1922). 5. Jean Gottmann, Megalopolis: The Urbanized Northeastern Seaboard of the United States. (CambridgF. Massachu- setts: The M. I. T. Press, 1961), p. 333. 6. William A. Williams, The Roots of the Modern American Empire. (New York: Random House, 1969T7_p.7=. 7. Ibid., p. 196. 8. T. Courtenay. J. Whedbee, The Port of Baltimore in the Making, 1828 to 1887. (Baltimore: Privately printed, ), P. 5 U. 9. Wertenbaker,, op. cit., pp. 307-308. 10. C. Vann Woodward, Origins of the New South 1877 - 1913. (Baton Rouge, Louisiana: - Louisiana State URN-e-rs-Ify Press., 1971), p. 114. 11. Ibid. p p. 151. 12. Lewis Mumford, The City in History. (New York: Harcourt, Brace, and World, Inc... 1 p. 4 5 9. 13. Wertenbaker, op. cit., p. 359. 14. W., J. Cash, The Mind of the South. (New York: Alfred A. Knopf., 1941), p. 262. 15. John J. Boland, "The Fate of the Chesapeake Bay: Socio- Economic Aspects, " Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, Vol. 62, No. 2. (June, 1972), p. 204. Appendix 3 43 16. Jacques Ellul, The Technological Society. (New York: Vantage Books,_TMT, p. 44. 17. Daniel Boorstin, The Americans: The Democratic Exper- ience. (New York: Random Rouse, 1973), p. 267 Appendix 3 44 REFERENCES Ackerman, Edward A., and Lof, George, 0. G., Technology in American Water Development. Baltimore, MarylanF The Johns Hopkins Press, 1959. Adams, Henry. The Education of Henry Adams. New York: Modern Library, 19 3 1. Audubon Society of the District of Columbia, Inc., The Potomac Valley: History and Prospect, Washington, D.C. 19 Barraclough, Geoffrey. "The End of Era, " New York Review of Books, June 7, 1974. Barraclough, Geoffrey. "The Great World Crisis (I), "New York Review of Books, January 23, 1975. Boland, John J., "The Fate of the Chesapeake Bay: Socio- Economic Aspects, " Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, Vol. 62, No. 2, June 1972. Boorstin, Daniel. The Americans: The Democratic Exper- ience. New York: Random House, ITT7_. Cash, W. J. The Mind of the South. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 19417.- Commoner, Barry. The Closing Circle. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1971. Department of the Army, Baltimore District, Corps of Engi- neers. The Chesapeake Bay Plan of Study, June 1970. Dubold. Group, Inc. Automation: ImEact and Implications. Prepared for the C-ommunications Workers of Amer=a, 1965. Ellul, Jacques. The Technological Society. New York: Vantage Books, 1964. Flattau, Edward and Stansburg, Jeff, "It Takes Energy to Pro- duce Energy: The Net's the Thing, " Washington Monthly, March 1974. Gabor, Dennis. Innovations. New York: Oxford University Press, 1970. Appendix 3 45 Ganz, Alexander. Our Large Cities: New Light on their Recent Transformation. Cambridge, Massachusetts: M. I. T. -Lab- oratory To-r-Yn-vironmental Studies, 1972. Genovese, Eugene D. The Political Economy of Slavery. New York: Pantheon Books, 1965. Giedion, Sigfried. Mechanization Takes Command. New York: W. W. Norton (7-m-pany, Inc., 1969. Gottman, Jean. Megalopolis: The Urbanized Northeastern Sea- board of the United States. Cambridge, Mass ac-Fu-se-t-Ts: The M. I. T. Press., 1961. Gray, Ralph D. The National Waterw@y: A History of the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal, 1'16U - IU65. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois Press, 1967. Frederick. The Potomac, New York: Grosset & Dunlap, 1968. Harrington, Michael. The Accidental Century, Baltimore: Penguin Books, Inc., 1965. Hemphill, W. Edwin; Schlegel, Marvin W.; and Engelberg, Sadie E. Cavalier Commonwealth. New York: McGraw- Hill, 1963. Jacobs, Jane. The Economy of Cities. New York: Random House, 19.69.- Jones, Hugh. The Present State of Virginia. Chapel Hill: The University -67-17o'FE Carolina Press, 1956. Kollar, Konstantine and Brewer, Robert. "Water Requirements for Manufacturing." Journal. American Water Works Association, Vol. 60, N_o_.7TD_,_0ctober 1968. Levison, Andrew. "The Blue Collar Majority--Or, Shattering the 'Hard-Hat' Myths. Washington Post, September 29, 1974. Maryland State Planning Department. The Counties of Maryland and Baltimore City: Their Or@igin, Growth 9-nd Development, 1634-1967. June, 1968. McCaull, Julian. "Energy and the Worker." Environment, Vol. 16, No. 6, July/August 1974. Appendix 3 46 McHarg, Ian. Design With Naturej Garden City, N.Y.: The Natural History Press, F767-. McSherry, James. History of Maryland. Baltimore: The Baltimore Book Co_.777W. Middleton, Arthur Pierce. Tobacco Coast: A Maritime History of the Chesapeake Bay in the Colonial Era. The Mariners Museum, Newport News, Virginia, Mills, C. Wright. White Collar. New York: Oxford University Press, 1951. Morton, RichardL. Colonial Virginia, Volume I: The Tide- water Period 1607-1710. - Chapel Hill: The University 5f North Carolina Press,7960. Mumford, Lewis. The City in History. New York: Harcourt, Brace, and World, Inc., 1961. Netschert, Bruce C.; Gerber, Abraham; and Stelzer, Irwin M. "Competition in the Energy Markets, " in Competitive Aspects of the Energy Industry. Hearings before the Su committee on Antitrust -a_n=onop61y 91st Congress, 2nd Session, Part I May 5, 6, and 7, 1970. Odurn, Eugene P. Fundamentals of Ecology. New York: W. B. Saunders Company, 1959. Olsen, McKinley C. "The Hot River Valley. " Nation, August 3, 1974. Owens, Hamilton. Baltimore on the Chesapeake. Garden City, N.J.: Doubleday, Do-@yan and Company, Inc., 1941. Radoff, Morris L. The Old Line State: A History of Maryland 1956. Baltimore: TrIstorical Record AssociEtlon, 13-a-rtimore, Maryland, 1956. Rothschild, Emma. Paradise Lost: The Decline of the Auto- Industrial Age. New York: Random House, 1973. Scharf, J. Thomas. HistorZ of Maryland (in -three volumes), Hatsboro, Pennsylvania: Tradition PF-ess, 1967. Talpolar, Morris. The Sociology of Colonial Virginia. New York: Philosophical J@ibrary, 1,968. Tunnard, Christopher. The City of Man. New York: Charles Scribners and Sons, Appendix 3 47 Wertenbaker, Thomas J. Norfolk: A Historic Southern Port. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press, =1. Wertenbaker, Thomas J. The Shaping of Colonial Virginia. New York: Russel & Russei, 1957. Whedbee, T. Courtney J. The Port of Baltimore in the Making, 1828 to 1878. Baltimore, privately printed, 1953. Williams, William A. The Roots of the Modern American Empire. New York: R-a-n7o-m House, 1969. Woodward, C. Vann. Origins of the New South 1877-1913. Louisiana State University Press, 197T-. Zeman, Tom. "A Subversive Program for Energy in America. Ramparts, October 1974. Appendix 3 48 CHAPTERIII POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS POPULATION MOVEMENTS HISTORICAL TRENDS As indicated in the preceding section, the Chesapeake Bay Region was one of the primary growth centers of the New World during Colonial times. However, after the decline of the tobacco industry and the movement westward of many thousands of Americans during the 18 0 0 1 s, population gr owth in the Region began to lag. It was not until World War II that the Region began, once again, to increase its share of the National popu- lation. This can be attributed to a large migration of workers and their families into the Area in response to new employment opportunities induced by greatly increased Federal spending during and after World War II. This was especially true in the Washington, D.C. and Norfolk- Portsmouth, Virginia Sub- region. Most of these new jobs were in the Federal government or in Defense-related Manufacturing. For example, Federal employment increased by about 130 percent Nationally between 1940 and 1960 with the Estuary Area experiencing a larger share of this increase. Table 3 -9 presents historical population figures for the total Estuary Area and for each Economic Subregion. The intra-regional movement of people in the Estuary Area during the one hundred years between 1860 and 1960 reflected the National trend toward urbanization. The proportion of the Appendix 3 49 TABLE 3-9 GO POPULATION DATA BY ECONOMIC SUBREGION, CHESAPEAKE BAY ESTUARY AREA, AND THE UNITED STATES FOR SELECTED YEARS 1860-1970 Area 1860 1900 1940 1950 1960 1970 Baltimore, Md. Subregion 556,892 1,010,824 1,481,179 1,784,776 2,185,354 2,481,402 Absolute Change +453,932 +470,335 +303,597 +400,578 +296,048 Percent Change +81.5 +46.5 +20.5 +22.4 +13.5 Washington, D.C. Subpegio 244,935 479,604 1,086,262 1,615,164 2,215,500 3,040,371 Absolute Change +234,669 +606,658 +528,902 +600,336 +824,871 Percent Change +95.8 +126.5 +48.7 +37.2 +37.2 Richmond, Va. Subregion 223,566 295,060 437,103 516,452 627,905 728,946 Absolute Change +71,494 +142,043 +79,349 +111,453 +101,041 Percent Change +32.0 +48.1 +18.2 +21.6 +16.1 Norfolk-Portsmouth, Va., Subregion 127,355 277,705 467,229 729,080 941,294 1,121,856 Absolute Change +150,350 +189,524 +261,851 +212,214 +180.562 Percent Change +118.1 +68.2 +56.0 +29.1 +19.2 Wilmington, Del. SMSA 101,117 159,830 248,243 301,743 414,565 499,49) Absolute Change +58,713 +88,413 +53,500 +112,822 +84,928 Percent Change +58.1 +55.3 +21.6 +37.4 +20.5 Chesapeake Bay Estuary Area 1,253,865 2,223,023 3,720,016 4,947,215 6,384,618 7,872,068 Absolute Change +969,158 +1,,496,993 +1,227,199 +1,437,403 +1,480,570 Percent Change +77.3 +67.3 +33.0 +29.1 +23.2 United States Total 31,51.3 76,094 132,165 151,326 179,323 203,212 (in thousands) +44,581 +56,071 +19,161 +27,997 +23,889 +141.5 +73.7 +14.5 -1-18.5 4-13. 1 *Soij.rce.: U.S. Consiv; Data population considered urban (persons living in places with at least 2, 500 inhabitants) increased from 39. 0 percent in 1860 to 76. 8 percent in 1960. These were well above the National figures of 19. 8 and 69. 9 for the same years. During the period of high growth between 1940 and 1960, the Estuary Area's urban population increased 103 percent, while the rural population gained only 13 percent. The degree of urbanization in a region has a great deal of significance in -water resource planning since high levels of demand for water in the cities and high concen- trations of wastes from these areas often create water supply and quality problems. Table 3-10 presents historical data for urban and rural populations of the Estuary Area. RECENT TRENDS The population of the Chesapeake Bay Estuary Area increased 23. 2 percent during the 1960-1970 decade. This was signifi- cantly higher than the National rate of'13. 3 percent and higher than 43 of the 50 states. The great majority of the population increase in the Estuary Area, in absolute terms, occurred in the Washington, D. C. Subregion. , Approximately 56 percent of the total growth in the Area took place in this Subregion, although only 39 percent of the people in the Bay Region resided there. The Baltimore, Maryland Subregion ranked second in absolute population increase during the decade, despite the fact that its growth rate of 13. 5 percent was only slightly higher than the National rate. The Baltimore area benefited from some population "spillover" from the Washington, D.C. Subregion, especially in Howard and Anne Arundel Counties. Population changes on the county level during the 1960-1970 decade varied greatly. In general, people tended to move out of the inner cities and rural counties and into the suburban counties. Figure 3-2 illustrates percentage change in popu- lation by county for the 1960-1970 decade. Most of the sub- urban counties experienced growth rates in excess of 30 per- cent. Prince Georges County, Maryland, experienced the greatest population growth, in absolute terms, with a gain of 303, 272 people. Montgomery County, Maryland, and Fairfax County, Virginia, followed with gains of 181, 881 and 180, 019, respectively. Net migration figures for the Estuary Area provide further evidence of the movement of people out of rural areas and cities and into the suburban counties. Figure 3-3 illustrates net migration by county for the Region. As might be expected, Appendix 3 51 TABLE 3-10 URBAN AND RURAL POPULATION'BY ECONOMIC SUBREGION, CHESAPEAKE BAY ESTUARY AREA,AND UNITED STATES FOR SELECTED YEARS 1860-1970 (IN PERCENT) 1860 1900 1940 1960 1970 Subregion Urban Rural Urban Rural Urban Rural Urban Rural Urban Rural 17-Baltimore, Md. 46.5 53.5 54.3 45.7 65.0 35.0 71.5 28.5 73.8 26.2 18-Washington, D.C. 37.9 62.1 62.2 37.8 73.2 26.8 84.4 15.6 87.9 12.1 21-Richmond, Va. 22.8 77.2 35.0 65.0 50.5 49.5 61.6 38.4 69.0 31.0 22-Norfolk-Portsmouth, Va. 18.9 81.1 32.4 67.6 58.5 41.5 80.7 19.3 85.9 14.1 Wilmington, Del. SMSA 53.5 46.5 57.5 42.5 57.7 42.3 72.8 27.2 79.4 20.6 Chesapeake Bay Estuary Area 39.0 61.0 51.6 48.4 64.8 35.2 76.8 23.2 81.2 18.8 United States Total 19.8 80.2 39.7 60.3 56.5 43.5 69.9 30.1 73.5 26.5 Source: U.S. Census Data *UTICA AL6.10 WICK ELMIt 1111"Alt!N 6-NN FLANTON -@,A;1LLIAMSPPRT* ILKE BARRE* M..... . UDSBURG PUNXSUTAWNEY ALTOO 0 1-y HtP&�jWR LA GAbIt L.'4R"" D SOMERSET 0 B,df,,d YORK PA 0 TOR% rmD HAGET@P' F,,d BAL.I.... M 0 CLARKSBURG ap, aomkV @TE E 0 '11G 9 X 6 % d, "H R 7 'N IU ST W R.'k bill,. W... U.is a ly t-th, WO .ROA OKEW Vq an 4U 9 G Sn C) 19 9 Nv LL .,a- Gan 11A NNINASIX 0 0 - 9.9 G-i' U, MURFEESS LOSS Sowce: U S. Census Of POP- at:an 1970, Numoer Of In - b lance. i"D,19 Fo, ndl@rffCifiOll- MNz v @O ""inh 'g ", Sr '- ,y'D.,',i,R'T1e1160-De,ac1. 1yZ FIGURE 3-2 Appendix 2 53 *UTICA ALSANY0 (,,11-d ONO@WICK Nj/.r- -57 S_b,,ELMIP@#_g Tmp ...... RANTON '0S UILLIAMSPPRT6 ILKE BARRE* (.1_bi t.@ .... . ...... I Will- UOSBURG S PUNXSUTAWNEY d..hd- ILL 0 Bid!, tphi. Wit 0 F y -uiptm ,@@R( atj ... Y'),- LANCA TE Did- bift. F""', SOMERSET 0 PA TON\y rD NIX - HA S --IM @k 0 CLARKSBURG JI.NdIlilky, / ""PlINCHE E MO E D. S' 'HAR UNTO /l.lh S A.h t NC 'P 'P 1 Ed.. wS y idii 26 to 40 Percent P,tt,yl ... i, I ANIIILLJ Percent 11 to 25 Percent i VA U' MURFEES8A 0 to 10 Percent S. C s f P@ at Dernoll, idly irenas Ir.p.man 0 0 0. m FIGURE 3-3 Appendix 3 54 the counties in the Washing-ton, . D.C. SMSA experienced the largest absolute population gains due to net in-migration. Prince Georges County led with a gain of 200,646 migrants. Fairfax and Montgomery Counties ranked next with 154,890 and 126, 899, respectively. The entire Estuary Area had a net population gain due to migration of 556, 312 with the Washington, D. C. Subregion experiencing about 77 percent of this increase. Despite the fact that all of- the Subregions and the Wilmington, Delaware SMSA experienced net immigration, 30 of the 58 counties and most of the major cities in the Area experienced netlosses. Table 3-11 presents net migration data for each Subregion. TABLE 3-11 NET MIGRATION BETVrEEN 1960 AND 1970 PercentIncrease Over Subregion Net Migration 1960 Population 17 - Baltimore, Md. +45,987 +2.1 18 - Washington, D. C. +427,953 +19.3 21 - Richmond, Va. +33,079 +5.3 22 - Norfolk -Portsmouth, Va. +21,102 +2.2 Wilmington, Del. SMSA +28,191 +6.7 Source: U.S. Census of Population: 1970, General Demographic Trends for Metropolitan Areas, 1960-1970. It is interestingto notethe differences in.migration patterns for various 'racial and income groups and the effects these migra- tion patterns have had on the economic and social structure of the cities. In general, skilled white workers were moving out of the cities and into the suburbs while poorer and largely unskilled non-whites were moving out of the rural counties and into the inner cities. For example, a net total of over 138, 000 whites migrated out of the District of Columbia during the 1960- 1970 decade. During the same period, the city gained a net total of 38, 000 non-whites. As a result, the average skill level of the city worker decreased; urban tax bases declined (result- ing in either higher tax rates or in a deterioration in public services); and the cities became generally less attractive to Appendix 3 55 industry. The total number of manufacturing firms in the City of Baltimore has been declining for the last several decades. The City had 1, 743 firms in 1950, 1, 507 in 1960, and 1, 195 in 1968. Despite the general movement of people out of the major cities in the Estuary Area, the urban population of the Area continued to increase during the 1960-1970 decade as shown in Table 3-10. This happened because of the tendency of the city's out- migrants (as well as new migrants into the Region) to settle into smaller urban areas outside the cities. Urban dwellers increased by 1, 486, 091 during the 1960-1970 decade, while the rural population declined by 5, 521. Figure 3-4 presents data for population density by county for the Estuary Area. AGE DISTRIBUTION AND EDUCATIONAL LEVELS The Chesapeake Bay Estuary'Area has a larger percentage of its population in the productive labor force age group than does the Nation as a whole. This is due to the effects of the large net in-migration duringthe last several decades since the aver- age migrant tends to be younger than those that stay behind. A large labor force age population means a smaller group in the less productive, and mostly dependent lessthan 18 and older than 64 age brackets. Figure 3-5 illustrates age distribution figures for the Estuary Area and the United States. The labor force age population in each of the Subregions is also greater than the National figure as pointed out in Table 3-12. The Norfolk- Portsmouth Subregion had the highest population of productive workers due to the large numbers of military personnel stationed in the area. In 1970, there were approx- imately 109, 000 members of the Armed Forces in the Sub- region, or about 23 percent of the total labor force. The Chesapeake Day Region has a slightly higher skilled labor force than the Nation as a whole as measured by the percentage of high school graduates in the population. The proportion of high school graduates in the Estuary Area population (males 25 years old and over) is 53. 8 percent. Th6 National figure is about 53. 0 percent. Appendix 3 56 OUTICA 0-6- ALBANY* WICK .!Nt i,. 'ON OBINGHAMT ww- S RANTON -@,-L,@IIIANSIPP.TO LK EI'mm- S UDSBURG L PUNXSUTAWNEYL_ Milli ltit ILL ALTOO H "y R LANCA TE Its, -k SOMERSET WWII I.it @d- Y&K PA rM D- M CLARKSBURG r.IVINCHEtTER L I le 111000 MINN. *HAR "ll.itilit 6-hl NC r. I lid cill,, .ROAKO@KE A.i reatter an 500 999 DANVILL VA At. MURFEESBA so @18 ource U.S. Census Of Op 1-a tton 1970 Number Ot hatitants FIGURE 3-4 Appendix 3 57 RiT, kv, Ilk PT@ SIAN MAW MR, Appendix 3 58 TABLE 3-12 AGE DISTRIBUTION BY ECONOMIC SUBREGION - 1970 Percent less Percent Percent Older than 18 18-64 than 64 17 - Baltimore, Md. 34.3 56.7 8.9 18 - Washington, D. C. 35.8 58.2 .5.8 21 - Richmond, Va. 33.8 57.1 9.1 22 - Norfolk- Portsmouth, Va. 34.9 58.6 6.4 Wilmington, Del. SMSA 35.9 56.3 7.8 Estuary Area Total 35.1 57.6 7.3 United States Total 34.3 55.8 9.9 Source: U.S. Census of Pop ulation: 1970, General Population Characteristics There is a great dealof variation, however, in education levels within the Estuary Area. In fact, only the Washington, D. C. Subregion and the Wilmington, Delaware SMSA had a higher percentage of high school graduates than the Nation as a whole. Median school years completed, on a county level, range from a low of 7. 5 years in Southampton County, Virginia, to highs of 14. 3 in Fairfax County, Virginia, and 15. 0 years in Mont- gomery County, Maryland. There is a direct relationship betweenthe availability of high paying jobs and the general level of education in an area. As a result, the inhabitants of the suburban counties and the cities have the highest levels of edu- cational attainment. This is clearly illustrated in Figure 3-6. A significant number of city residents have also completed some form of vocational training. Table 3-13 presents data for the percentage of labor force age males who have completed some vocational training. Appendix 3 59 X" lie union Carbon Warren on Sellof ifliU N-Ylkill Lehigh CIA Juniata Blair Barks Buck pierce AV P Dauphin "I" x Lebanon Montiforier '/Nont'll ABURfG Climb Hard Ph a- elphi Chester if. to.\ IDelaware it Fulton /lianklm Yolk Lancaster Berto Adams Camden PX MD Sal an Atlantic c /.,,,aid Freden Baltimore MAI VI site IMORE Cape PM 'Arund nv ay II A, London" Real At, or. SHI @41W' list .41 n't$ 1611 rco T Fau!uu, appalia Ceirg of Col, ellifilt as DE L-iLl-VI S j reent Orange Rarlply@fnr'a ck, land Albema,l Louisa . -11-Nur ChalloItts; ill. Fluvan a no chi caster ...-T get Buckinth Kent ND trill- nest-.1.6 Median School Years Completed by Amelia l1rice E aid -Hopewell if it Males 25 Years Old and Over, 1970, Prince for the Estuary Area %Nitta 3 Georg Heigh our mwiddl U@2' ';f'"' % E:1 More than 13 years Lin burg Wight it in to c 12 to 12.9 years "po ". V both- 'ckleflhur .,U.,.,ck Union VA esaweark 11 to 11.9 years NC 10 to 10.9 years k Hertford Less than 10 years Bert it Source: U.S. Census of Popula- Con: 1970, General Social and P . 1 1 Economic Characteristics W, _2@ FIGURE 3-6 Appendix 3 60 TABLE 3-13 TRAINING IN THE' AJOR ESTUARY AREA SMSA's M FOR MALES 16-64 YEARS OLD WITH LESS THAN 15 YEARS SCHOOLING City Perc ent Newport News - Hampton, Va. 39.7 Norfolk - Portsmouth, Va. 37.5 Petersburg - Colonial Heights, Va. 26.0- Richmond, Va. 26.3 Washington, D. C, 36.3 Baltimore, Md. 30.1 Wilmington, Del., 32.3 Source: Census of Population: 1970, General Social and Econ- omic Characteristics EMPLOYMENT AND INCOME LEVELS In 1970, there were approximately 3. 3 million people employed in the Chesapeake Bay Estuary Area. About 91 percent of these worked in one of the Region's seven SMSA's. During the 1960- 1970 period, total employment increased by 760, 075 jobs or about 30. 0 percent. The National gain during this same period was 19. 5 percent. Most of the Regional increases were in the Service, Wholesale and Retail Trade, and Public Administra- tion Sectors with gains of 315, 902, 147, 465, and 126, 246 jobs, respectively. It should be emphasized that the employment fig- ures in this report are derived from the 1960 and 1970 Cen- suses. Census employment data is based on place of residence and not place of work. Therefore, if a person works in a dif- ferent county or city from where he lives, employment data will be reflected for the county in which he resides. There Appendix 3 61 are several major differences between Census employment data and other data based on establishment figures. See the Intro- duction to the following Chapter for an explanation of these differences. On a Subregion basis, all of the Subregions experienced rates of growth greater than the National rate as shown in Table 3-14. The Washington, D. C. Subregion experienced the great- est gains with a 43. 0 percent increase. This employment growthwas the major factor in drawing new people from all over the country into the Bay Region. Employment by industrial Sector in the Estuary Area differs si-anificantly from the National employment picture as shown in Table 3-14 and Figure 3-7. There is a higher percentage of EstuaryArea workers in the "white-collar" professions such as Public Administration and the Services. On the other hand, the Region has a smaller proportion of workers in the "blue- collar" industries such as manufacturing and mining. The latter industries tend to be more volatile in terms of changes in employment in response to changes in the National economy. As a result, the industrial structure of the Estuary Area's economy has contributed to a relatively more stable employment situation than in the Nation as a whole. This is demonstrated in the comparative unemployment rates shown in Table 3-15. In both 1960 and 1970 unemployment rates for the entire Bay Region were significantly below the National rates. In all cases, except for the Baltimore Subregion in 1960, Subregion unemployment rates were also below the 1960 and 1970 National figures. Also contributing to the relatively stable employment levels in the Bay Region was the large numbers of workers whose jobs depended on Federal Government spending, especially in the Defense-related industries. In 1970, approximately 16 percent of the Labor Force (including the Armed Forces) had jobs which were directly related to. Defense spending, with many more thousands of jobs linked indirectly. Defense spending has experienced an almost uninterrupted rise sinc ie the end of World War 11'. For the most part, employment has risen along with spending. However, recent cutbacks (since 1970) in cer- tain areas of the Defense and Space industries have had serious impacts in some of the Bay Region especially around Washington and Baltimore. Posssible future cuts in the Defense budget could have tremendous adverse effects on the economy of the Area unless spending is increased in other areas to take-up the slack. Per capita income in the Chesapeake Bay Estuary Area was significantly higher than in the United States as a whole. The Appendix 3 62 TABLE 3-14 EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY FOR THE CHESAPEAKE BAY ESTUARY AREA BY ECONOMIC SUBREGION, AND FOR THE UNITED STATES - 1970 Agriculture Transportation, Forestry and Contract Manu- Communications Wholesale, and Subregion Fisheries Mining Construction facturing and Utilities Retail Trade 17-Baltimore, Md. 24,366 984 63,836 244,399 67,386 188,128 Percent Change -26.3 +10.2 +10.2 +0.2 +7.0 +26.2 .Percent of Total 2.4 0.1 6.4 24.4 6.7 18.7 18-Washington, D.C. 12,427 1,313 74,849 83,005 79,102 209,050 Percent Change -17.8 +96.0 +28.2 +14.1 +39.8 +51.7 Percent of Total 0.9 0.1 5.6 6.3 6.0 15.7 21-Richmond, Va. 5,589 606 21,317 67,267 21,173 58,438 Percent Charge 8 +,),/"). _L1 T. C _L1 -L,)C. r Percent of Total 1.9 0.2 7.1 22.3 7.0 19.4 22-Norfolk-Portsmouth, Va. 8,252 268 26,196 67,661 25,282 73,946 Percent Change -33.8 +155.2 +31.8 +14.3 +15.1 +24.3 Percent of Total 1.8 0.1 5.6 14.6 5.4 15.9 SMSA-Wilmington, Del. 3,450 243 13,527 62,136 11,469 35,634 Percent Change -31.3 +62.0 +31.3 +5.2 +17.7 +43.5 Percent of Total 1.8 0.1 6.9 31.6 5.8 18.1 Total Estuary Area 54,084 3,414 199,725 524,468 204,412 565,196 Percent Change -27.9 +71.1 +22.3 +5.9 +20.3 +35.3 Percent of Total 1.6 0.1 6.1 15.9 6.2 17.2 Total United States 2,699,995 604,558 4,219,249 18,880,191 4,906,111 14,613,390 Percent Change -37.9 -7.6 +10.6 +7.8 +10.0 +23.9 Percent of Total 3.6 0.8 5.7 25.3 6.6 19.6 (T) @:s SOURCE: U.S. Census of Population: 1970. General Social and Economic Characteristics, United States Summary. Table 77 "Employment Status by Sex and Race: 1940 to 1970"; Table 82 "Major Industry of Employed Persons by Race and Sex: 1970 and 1960." Q CD TABLE 3-14 (Continued) EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY FOR THE CHESAPEAKE BAY ESTUARY AREA, BY ECONOMIC SUBREGION, AND FOR THE UNITED STATES 1970 Finance, Insurance, Public Armed Subregion & Real Estate Services Administration Forces Total 17-Baltimore, Md. 45,655 244,683 88,586 35,383 1,003,404 Percent Change +32.0 +50.0 +53.3 +2.6 +19.8 Percent of Total 4.6 24.4 8.8 3.5 100.0 18-Washington, D.C. 69,787 395,824 312,012 90,394 1,327,763 Percent Change +62.2 +70.5 +33.0 +17.2 +43.0 Percent of Total 5..3 29.8 23.5 6.8 100.0 21-Richmond, Va. 18,379 75,834 22,517 10,201 301,321 Percent Change @+38.4 +40.3 +44.2 +32.8 +24.3 Percent of Total 6.1 25.2 7.5 3.4 100.0 22-Norfolk-Portsmouth, Va. 15,480 93,562 44,833 108,959 464,439 Percent Change +54.0 +47.9 +27.3 +26.8 +26.4 Percent of Total 3.3 20.1 9.7 23.5 100.0 SMSA-Wilmington, Del. 8,673 49,429 7,500 4,466 196,527 Percent Change +46.5 +60.2 +24.1 -20.0 +24.8 Percent of Total 4.4 25.2 3.8 2.3 100.0 Total Estuary Area 157,974 859,332 475,448 249,403 3,293,454 Percent Change +47.8 +58.1 +36.2 +18.3 +30.0 Percent of Total 4.8 26.1 14.4 7.6 100.0 Total United States 3,651,597 @18,917,270 4,055,947 1,954,134 74,502,4422 Percent Change +35.5 +38.4 +31.5 +14.6 +16.9 Percent of Total 4.9 25.4 5.5 2.6 100.0 'Data for United States includes only personnel stationed in this-country. 2Total does not include "industry not reported." SOURCE: U.S. Census of Population: 1970. General Social and Economic Characteristics, United States Summary. Table 77 "Employment Status by Sex and Race: 1940 to 1970", Table 82 "Major Industry of Employed Persons by Race and Sex: .1970 and 1960." Appendix 3 65 TABLE 3-15 UNEMPLOYMENT RATES BY ECONOMIC SUBREGION, TOTAL ESTUARY AREA AND UNITED STATES: APRIL, 1960 AND 1970 Subregion Unemployment Rate 1960 197U 17 - Baltimore, Md. 5.3 3.8 18 - Washington, D. C. 2.9 2.7 21 - Richmond, Va. 3.8 2.5 22 - Norfolk -Port sm outh, Va. 4.5 3.8 Wilmington, Del. SMSA 4..9 3.8 Estuary Area Total 4.2 3.2 United States Total 5.1 4.3 Source: U. S. Census Data and the Handbook of Labor Statistics, 1971, U.S. Department of La or figure for the Bay Region in 1969 was $3, 694 per person while the National figure was $3, 389 (both in 1967 dollars). Per capita income (or some other measure of income) is another variable which is important in water resource planning. As incomes rise in a region, more water is demanded not only for sprinkling lawns, running dishwashers, filling swimming pools, etc. , but also for recreational purposes. Again there is a great deal of variation within the Estuary Area, Per capita income figures by Subregion in 1960 range from a high of $4, 241 in the Wilmington, Delaware SMSA to a low of $3, 084 in the Norfolk- Portsmouth, Virginia Subregion. Table 3-16 -presents per capita income by Economic Subregion. On the county level, median family incomes ranged from $16, 710 in Montgomery County, Maryland, to $4, 778 in North- ampton County, Virginia Figure 3-8 clearly shows that the higher incomes are located in and around the major cities. This is another illustration of the fact that the vast majority of the economic activity inthe Estuary Area is located in the SMSA's. Approximately 92% of the total income in the Area originated in the SMSA's. Appendix 3 66 Mouth Un,on rbon warle tripled Slyder I L ifflin laid chuylkill elligh Berks I suck Mirc Perry Da"Poi. Lebanon in A BUK13 mentlamet C.mb " Iand Chester Ingle" Burl ocean Bedford Fallen Franklin N York Lancaster D 1,,= I kdams Camden PA @t,r 1@@ Atlanfic Frederick Curnlrerlan@L Ca Islif" -IPO Ali du plaahal Culpeper taffold T, v harlot laid Althery" C :@7 .. -@@ Louisa Rich. Gwo chl L torn liam", ute Buckingham Powhat... Median Income of Families in the CY I I and A Estuary Area, 1969 rl-,N am Amelia ace Edward y '01 less than $7,000 it amid it, Line usse. I A $7,000 $8,499 out 4 $8,500 - $9,999 P ------ 'a =$10,000 - $11,499 CNIC reden OR ntincir. greater than S11,500 tank Cir P"i r1le wan mans Source: U.S. Census of Popu- Berlit lation: 1970, General Social and Economic Characteristics 0 w FIGURE 3-8 Appendix 3 67 TABLE 3-16 PER CAPITA INCOME BY ECONOMIC SUBREGION, CHESAPEAKE BAY ESTUARY AREA, AND THE UNITED STATES - 1969 Subregion Per Capita Income 17 - Baltimore, Md. $3,539 18 - Washington, D. C. $4,009 21 - Richmond, Va. $3,500 22 - Norfolk -Portsmouth, Va. $3,084 Wilmington, Del. SMSA $4,241 Chesapeake Bay Estuary Area $3' 694 United States Total $3.9 389 Source: U. S. Census of Population: 1970, General Social and Economic Characteristics Perhaps the most important measure of income for use in water resource planning is income distribution. The larger the pro- portion of the population in the high- income brackets the greater the demand for water for residential uses. , As can be seen in Figure 3-9, there was a significantly higher proportion of fam- ilies in the upper income brackets in the Estuary Area than in the United States as a whole. Approximately 27. 5 percent of the families in the Bay Region in 1969 had incomes over $15, 000. The National figure was 19. 2 percent. On the other hand, there were fewer poor people in the Estuary Area. About 11. 2 percent of the population lived in families whose incomes werebelowthe poverty level in 1969, compared to a National rate of 12. 2 percent. Both of these facts are consequences of the relatively low unemployment rates and high. earnings which prevail in the Estuary Area. Appendix 3 68 lo z THE UNITED STATES La 00 5- JJ* 00 THE CHESAPEAKE BAY ES ITUARY AREA 00 00 r No oft "ft me 0 1,000 5,000 lo'@oo 15,000 20,;00 25,000 (D SOURCE: U.S. CENSUS OF POPULATION: 1970, GENERAL SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS >4 CIO FIGURE 3-9 INCOME DISTRIBUTION FOR THE ESTUARY AREA AND THE UNITED STATES, 1969 A SHIFT-SHARE ANALYSIS OF THE CHESAPEAKE BAY ESTUARY AREA A common statistical technique for regional analysis is the shift-share method. This technique sorts out the various fac- tors which relate to the differences in rates of employment growth. The standard of reference is usually the growth rate in the Nation as a whole. Table 3-17 presents two types of information. First, actual employment for the Estuary Area by industry in 1960 and 1970, along with the actual changes dur- ing this period. The second t@pe of information consists of three parts. The first part, 'National growth, " shows the amount of growth which would have occurred at the National all-industry rate. The second part shows the employment change relating to "industrial mix, " or the Aistribution of fast and slow growth industries in the Region. The growth rate in a particular industry is characterized as fast if it exceeds and slow if it falls short of the National all-industry rate. The third part, "regional share, " relates to any change in employ- ment due to an alteration in the Region's access to markets or basic inputs relative to other regions engaged in the same activity. Table 3-17 shows the results of the shift-share analysis con- ducted on the Chesapeake Bay Estuary Area. Of the total employment change of 760, 075 during the 1960-1970 decade, 494, 009 of the gain was due to the general growth in the National economy. Another 175,197 of the increase in workers was due to the Estuary Area having a relatively high propor- tion of workers in fast-growth industries, e.g., Services and Public Administration. The remaining gain of 90, 871 employ- ees in the regional share category was accounted for by the fact that certain industries in the Estuary Area grew faster than the National rate for those industries, e. g. , Services and Wholesale and Retail Trade. The total of the "National growth, " "industrial mix, " and "regional share" growth factors equals the total employment change. The method. of analysis is similar on the Sectoral level. For example, the employment change in Manufacturing would have been +96, 558 had it grown at the National rate. But after making -adjustment for the fact that this was one of the Nation's fast-growth industries and for the fact that the Estuary Area did not do as well (as far as employment growth is concerned) as the average region in the Sector, the actual employment change in the Manufacturing Sector was +29, 301. Appendix 3 70 TABLE 3-17 A SILIFT-SliARE ANALYSIS FOR TilE CHESAPEAKE BAY ESTUARY AREA EMPLOYMENT CHANGES RELATED TO National industrial Regfo-nal Total INDUSTRY 1960 1970 Growth Mix Share Change Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries 74,968 54,084 +14,619 -38,609 +3,106 -20,884 Mining 1,995 3,414 +389 -658 +1,688 +1,419 Construction 163,272 199,723 +31,838 +5,715 -1,102 +36,451 Manufacturing 495,167 524,468 +96,558 +32,186 -99,443 +29,301 Transportation, Communication, and Utilities 169,932 204,412 +33,137 -9,346 +10,689 +34,480 Wholesale and Retail Trade 417,731 565,196 +81,458 +16,709 +49,298 +147,465 Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate 106,887 157,974 +20,843 +9,085 +21,159 +51,087 Services 543,430 859,332 +105,969 +114,120 +95,813 +315,902 Public Administration 349,202 475,448 +68,094 +62,856 -4,704 +126,246 Aimed Forces 2103,795 249,403 +41,105 -16,864 +14,367 +38,608 Total 2,5333379 3,293,454 +494,010 +175,194 +90,871 +760,075 it should be kept in mind that 1970 data for the total United States used in this analysis (D e was stimated from 1968 data since employment information from the latest Census was not available at this writing. Tables 3-18 through 3-22 present data for shift-share analyses @performed for each of the Economic Subregions for the 1960- 1970 period. The standard of reference for these analyses was the Estuary Area rather than the United States. The next chapter of this report will analyze the economy of the Chesapeake Bay Estuary Area on a more detailed Sector by Sector basis. SUMMARY During Colonial times the Chesapeake Bay Region was one of the primary growth centers of the New World. However, after the decline of the Region's tobacco industry in the 19th Cen- tury population growth began to laor. This period of relative stagnation lasted -until World War II when greatly increased Federal spending (especially in defense) stimulated employment and, therefore, population growth throughout the Bay Region but especially around Washington, D. C. and Norfolk, Virginia. Population growth in the Bay Region has continued to soar since World War II, increasing by 23. 2 percent, or almost 1. 5 mil- lion during the 1960-1970 decade. The Washington, D.C. Sub- region experienced about 56 percent of the total growth, although all of the Subregions had rates of groWth higher than -Lhe national increase. Approximately 38 percent of the popu- lation growth in the Area was the result of a net migration of over one-half million people into the Bay Region. All of the Subregions experienced net in-migrations which ranged from 2. 1 to 19. 3 percent of their 1960 populations. Approximately 81.2 percent of the Bay Region's population was considered urban in 1970. The urban population increased by 1, 486, 091 during the 1960-1970 period while the rural popu- lation declined by 5, 521. Generally speaking, people tended to move out of the inner cities and rural counties and into rela- tively small urban areas in the suburban counties. Most of the suburban counties experienced growth rates in excess of 30 percent. The inhabitants of the Chesapeake Bay Region have a slightly higher education level than the population of the United States as a whole. In addition, the Bay Region has a large proportion Appendix 3 72 TABLE 3-18 A SHIFT-SHARE ANALYSIS FOR THE BALTIMORE, MARYLAND SUBREGION WITH THE ESTUARY AREA AS THE STANDARD OF REFERENCE EMPLOYMENT CHANGES RELATED TO,v National Industrial Sub-Regional Total INDUSTRY 1960 1970 Growth Mix Share Change Agriculture, Forestry, & Fisheries 33,076 24,366 +9,923 -19,151 +529 -8,710 Mining 893 984 +268 +367 -544 +91 ,Construction 57,938 63,834 +17,381 -4,461 -7,010 +5,896 Mar. u f a c t u- r ---. g, 961 ASS 2 LLIL 9 +73-157 -58-769 -13.900 +544 Transportation, Communications Utilities 62,964 67,386 +18,889 -6,108 -8,374 +4,422 Wliolesale and Retail Trade 149,013 188,128 +44,704 +7,898 -13,560 +39,115 Finance, Insurance & Real Estate 34,599 45,655 +10,380 +6,159 -5,467 +11,056 Services 163,115 244,683 +48,935 +45,835 -13,212 +81,568 Public Administration 57,778 88,586 +17,333 +3,582 +9,880 +30,808 Armed Forces 34,484 35,383 +10,345 -4,035 -5,414 +899 TOTAL 837,715 1,003,404 +251,315 -28,683 -56,943 +165,689 (D TABLE 3-19 A S1V1.VT-S11AK1-' ANALYSI.S FOJ@ THE WAS11I.NGTON, D.C. 8111@10'GION WIT11 THE ESTUARY AMA AS THE, STANDARD OF REFERENCE EMPLOYMENT CHANGES RELATED TO National Industrial Sub-Regional Total INDUSTRY 1960 1970 Growth Mix Share Change Agriculture, Forestry & Fisheries 15,123 12,427 +4,537 -8,756 +1,527 -2,696 Mining 670 1,313 +201 +275 +167 +643 Construction 58,377 74,849 +17,513 -4,495 +3,444 +16,472 Manuf acturing 72,778 83,005 +21,833 -17,539 +5,968 +10,227 Transportation, Communications Utilities 56,568 79,102 +16,970 -5,487 +11,031 +22,534 Wholesale and Retail Trade 137,823 209,050 +41,347 +7,305 +22,603 +71,227 Finance, Insurance & Real Estate 43,034 69,787 +12,0110 +7,660 +6,197 +26,753 Services 232,166 395,824 +69,650 +65,239 +28,789 +163,658 Public Administration 234,550 312,012 +70,365 +14,542 -7,506 +77,462 Armed Forces 77,147 90,394 +23,144 -9,026 -849 +13,247 TOTAL 928,236 1,327,763 +278,470 +49,718 +71,33� +399,527 TABLE 3-20 A SHIFT-SHARE ANALYSIS FOR THE RICHMOND, VIRGINIA SUBREGION WITH THE ESTUARY AREA AS THE STANDARD OF REFERENCE ENPLOYME,,NT CHANCES RELATED TO National industrial Sub-Regional Total INDUSTRY 1960 1970 Growth Mix Share Change Agriculture, Forestry & Fisheries 9,282 5,589 +2,785 -5,374 -1,105 -3,693 Mining 177 606 +53 +7j +303 +429 Construction 16,777 21,317 +5,033 -1,292 +805 +4,540 Manufacturing 60,286 67,267 +18,086 -14,529 +3,436 +6,981 Transportation, Communications Utilities 18,685 21,173 +5,606 -1.812 -1,308 +2,488 Wholesale and Retail Trade 46,553 58,438 +13,966 +2,467 -4,562 +11,885 Finance, Insurance & Real Estate 13,282 18,379 -+3,985 +2,364 -1,249 +5,097 Services 54.,058 75,834 +16,217 +15,190 -9,622 +-21,776 Public Administration 15,611 22,517 +4,683 +968 +1,249 +6,906 Armed Forces 7,680 10,201 +2,304 -899 +1,114 +2,521 TOTAL 242,391 301,321 +72,718 -2,844 -10,944 +58,930 (D TABLE 3-21 (D A SHTFT-SHARE ANALYSIS FOR THE NORFOLK-PORTSMOUTH, VIRGINIA SUBREGION WITH THE ESTUARY AREA AS THE STANDARD OF REFERENCE E@IPLOYMENT CHANGES RELATED TO Estuary Tndustrial Sub-Regional Total INDUSTRY 1960 1970 Growth Mix Share. Change Agriculture, Forestry & Fisheries 12,465 8,252 +3,740 -7,217 -735 -4,213 Mining 105 268 +32 +43 +88 +163 Construction 19,876 26,196 +5,963 -1,530 +1,888 +6,320 Manufacturing 59,211 67,661 +17,763 -14,270 +4,974 +8,450 Transportation, Communications Utilities 21,972 25,282 +6,592 -2,131 -1,143 +3,310 Wholesale and Retail Trade 59,511 73,946 +17,853 +3,154 -6,546 +14,435 Finance, Insurance & Real Estate 10,053 15,480 +3,016 +1,789 +623 +5,427 Services 63,245 93,562 +18,974 +17,772 -6,451 +30,317 Public Administration 35,220 44,833 +10,566 +2,184 -3,135 +9,613 Armed Forces 85,903 108,959 +25,771 -10,051 +7,302 +23,056 TOTAL 367,561 464,439 +110,270 -10,257 -3,135 96,878 TABLE 3-22 A SHIFT-SHARE ANALYSIS FOR THE WILMINGTON, DELAWARE SMSA WITH THE ESTUARY AREA AS THE, STANDARD OF REFERENCE EMPLOYMENT CHANGES RELATED TO Estuary Industrial Sub-Regional Total INDUSTRY 1960 1970 Growth Mix Share Change Agriculture, Forestry & Fisheries 5,022 3,450 +1,507 -2,908 -171 -1,572 Mining 150 243 +45 +62 -14 +93 Construction 10,304 13,527 +3,091 -793 +927 +3,223 In - In In,, I nno n 'n Ann Manufacturing DV,U.31 01-'fjo -ri I , / 1 1 -14,440 'VVV Transportation, Communications Utilities 9,743 11,469 +2,923 -945 -253 +1,726 ,Wholesale and Retail Trade 24,831 35,634 +7,449 +1,316 +2,036 +10,803 Finance, Insurance & Real Estate 5,919 8,673 +1,776 +1,054 -77 +2,754 Services 30,846 49,429 +9,254 +8,668 +648 +18,583 Public Administration 6,043 7,500 +1,813 +375 -731 +1,457 Armed Forces 5,581 4,466 +1,674 -653 -2,138 -1,115 TOTAL 1517,476 196,527 47,243 -8,052 -140 +39,051 (D W of people in the most productive 18 to 64 age group. Both of these factors are largely the results of the large migration into the Region during the last several decades. The average migrant tends to be younger and better educated than the aver- age non-migrant. Large numbers of military personnel sta- tioned in the Bay Region also contributed to the large group in the 16 to 64 age group. The counties in the Washington, D. C. area have the highest levels of educational attainment in the Bay Region. Median school years completed, on a county level, ranged from a low of 7. 5 years in Southampton County, Virginia, to a high of 15. 0 years in Montgomery County, Maryland. In 1970, there were approximately 3. 3 million people employed in the Chesapeake Bay Region. Total employment increased by over three-quarters of a million jobs, or about 30 percent over the 1960 figure. All of the Subregions experienced rates of employment growth greater than the National Rate. The Washington, D. C. Subregion had a 43 percent increase during the period, the highest in the Bay Region. Employment by industrial Sector in the Estuary Area differs significantly from the National employment picture. The Region has a smaller proportion of workers in the- "blue-collar" industries such as Manufacturing and Mining andmore inthe "white-collar" indus- tries such as Public Administration and the Services. Sinc e the white-collar industries tend to be less volatile in terms of changes in employment in response to changes in the National economy, the Estuary Area has had consistently lower unemployment rates over the last several decades than in the Nation as a whole. Also contributing to the relatively stable employment levels in the Bay Region was the large numbers of workers whose jobs depended on constantly expanding Federal government spending. Per capita income in the Chesapeake Bay Region was signifi- cantly higher than in the Nation as a whole. The figure for the Bay Region in 1969 was about 9 percent higher than the National figure. Median family income levels within the Estuary Area ranged from $16,710. in Montgomery County, Maryland (the highest in the Nation), to $4, 778 in Northampton County, Virginia. There was a significantly higher proportion .of families whose incomes were below the poverty level in the Bay Region than in the Nation as a whole. A shift-share analysis was conducted on the Chesapeake Bay Region in Table 3 -17. Of the total employment change of 760, 075 during the 1960-1970 decade, 494, 009 of the gain was due to the general growth in the National economy. Another 175, 197 of the increase in workers was due to the Estuary Area having a relatively high proportion of workers in fast-growth Appendix 3 78 industries, e.g., Services and Public Administration. The remaining gain of 90, 871 employees was accounted for by the fact that certain industries in the Estu 'ary Area grew faster than the National rate because of an alteration in the Region's access to markets or basic inputs relative to other regions engaged in the same activity. Appendix 3 79 REFERENCES Dunn, Edgar S., "A Statistical and Analytical Technique for Regional Analysis," Papers and Proceedings of the Regional Science Association, Vol. 6, 1960. Hammer, Green, Siler Associates, The Economy of Metro- politan Washington, Washington, D-.T_.,_T9W. Hansen, Niles M., Rural Poverty and the Urban Crisis: A Strategy for Regional Development, 1970, Indiana Univei-- ---T-97-r. sity Press, Isard, Walter, Methods of Regional Analysis: An Introduction to Regional Science, The M. I.7-.-P-ress, 1969. National Planning Association, Economic Base StudX, Chesa- peake Bay Drainage, Washing-ton, D. C., May 11369. U. S. Bureau of the Census, U. S. Census of Population: 1970, "General Demographic Trends for Metropolitan Areas, 1960 to 1970, " U. S. Government Printing Office, Wash- ington, D. C., 1972. U. S. Bureau of the Census, U. S. Census of Population: 1970, "General Population Characteristics, " U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1972. U.S. Burea u of the Census, U. S. Census of Population: 1970, "General Social and Economic Characteristics, " U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., 1972. U. S. Bureau of the Census, U. S. Census of Population: 1970, "Number of Inhabitants, " U. S. Government Printing DTH`ce, Washington, D.C., 1971. Appendix 3 80 CHAPTERIV ECONOMIC SECTORS This chapter presents a detailed economic analysis by Economic Sector (Industry). The employment figures in Table 3-14, cal- culated from 1970 Census data, serve as the basis for this analysis. Emphasis is placed on each Sector's relationship to water resource planning whenever applicable. Economic activity in the Bay Region can be divided into two types: "basic" or "export" and service. " Basic production is defined as that portion of an industry's product which is sold outside the region. This basic activity plays the central role in a region's development by bringing money into the area and thereby raising incomes. In the Chesapeake Bay Region the Sectors with significant amounts of basic production are: Man- ufacturing, the Federal government portion of Public Adminis- tration, the Armed Forces, Agriculture, and Fisheries. How- ever, various-sized portions of each Sector can also be con- sidered basic. The nature of the "product" of the Public Administration and Armed Forces is public services and defense, respectively, both of which are "exported" throughout the Nation. The service industries grow in response to demands for special services by both the basic industry (communications, transpor- tation, and other specialized services) and the basic industry worker (retailing, recreation, etc. ). In the long run the serv- ice industries in a region will grow and decline along with the growth and decline of the export sectors. Generally speaking, for each new job in a basic activity about two more jobs are created in the services. This ratio, however, may vary con- siderably depending on the basic industry and the region being analyzed. Appendix 3 81 The industry breakdown used in this report is based on the breakdown inthe 1970 Census. There are two main differences between the Census industry classifications and those used by other agencies (such as BEA in Chapter V) based on the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) code. First, Census employment data isbasedon place of residence, not place of work. Second, the Census Bureau's "Public Administration" category covers only regular government functions (SIC 9x9O) while the SIC "Government" category includes all government workers in all industries. To facilitate comparisons between the data con- tained in this report and that in other publications, SIC codes are given for the activities included in each Sector. The SIC system is used to classify establishments by a number code accordingtothe type of activity in which they are engaged. Establishments are classified on a 2-digit, a 3-digit, or a 4-digit basis, according to the degree of information which may be needed. For example, in the Manufacturing Division under Major Group 33 (primary metals) the activities of iron and steel foundries are classified as SIC code 332. At a still more detailed level the operation of steel investment foundries is denoted by SIC code 3324. MANUFACTURING The Manufacturing Sector includes activities under SIC Codes 0713 and 20 to 29. There were 524,468 people employed in this Industry in 1970, comprising about 15. 9 percent of the total employment in the Estuary Area. This figure was significantly lower than the National figure of 25. 3 percent. Manufacturing employment in the Bay Region grew by 5.9 percent during the 1960-1970 period, which was also below the National growth rate of 7. 8 percent. The Manufacturing Sector ranked third in employment in the Estuary Area behind the Service and Retail and Wholesale Trade industries. As shown in Table 3-23, the major two- digit (SIC) employers in this Sector are Transportation Equip- ment, Chemicals and Allied Products, Printing, Publishing and Allied industries, and the Metal industries (Primary Metals and Fabricated Metal Products). There is also a significant Appendix 3 82 TABLE 3-23 MANUFACTURING EMPLOYMENT BY LCONOMIC SUBREGION AND TOTAL ESTUARY AREA, 1970 Machin- Textiles PrIoLlog, Furni ttire ery and pohlishing Chemlvals Other Lomber and except Mec- Trans- other Food and Fabricated and and Non- Wood M! t. a L Elce- LrIcal I... ital-lon Durable KIndred Text tit, Al. 1.1 v d A] 11-1 d"I'al, Iv Subregion Prodite-ts Industric& trie,l Madd-pt Equipment Goods Products Products Products Prodtirts Goods To ral, 17-BaLLimorc, Md. 6,335 41,069 15,401 27.243 21,782 232,800 29,918 22,533 16,543 15,708 24,587 244,399 Percent of Total 2.6 16.8 6.3 11.1 8.9 9.5 12.2 9.2 6.8 6.4 10.1 100.0 Percent Change (1960-1970) -25.7 -23.7 +40.1 +28.0 -24.5 +75.7 -16.8 -11.3 +18.5 44). 1 +42.9 +0.2 Absolute Change (1960-1970) -2191 -12,216 +4404 +5951 -7065 +10,030 -6062 -2881 +2582 +616 +7376 +544 18-Washington, D. C. 1,951 4,083 6,737 9,903 3,057 8,282 5,237 1,704 29,639 4,033 8,379 83,005 Percent of Total 2.4 4.9 8.1 11.9 3.7 1010 6.3 2.1 35.7 4.9 10.1 100.0 Percent of Change (1960-1970) -27.8 -58.9 +162.7 +43.6 +42.0 +93.9 -41.9 +24.8 +9.0' +3.0 +201.7 +14.1 Absolute Change (1960-1970) -752 -5853 +4173 +3009 +904 +4010 -3778 +339 +2455 +117 +5603 +10,227 21-Richmond, Va. @4,829 5,469 2,247 904 891 4,096 4,948 5,M6 5,196 11,679 21,102 67,267 Percent of Total 7.2 8.1 3.4 1.3 1.3 6.1 7.4 8.8 7.7 17.4 31.4 100.0 Percent of Change (1960-1970) -21.9 -3.0 +59.4 +49.2 +31.4 -25.4 -25.3 -52.6 +910 +28.6 +16,1 +11.6 Absolute Change (1960-1970) -1354 -172 +846 +299 +214 +831 -1671 +2029 +431 +2598 +2930 +6982 22-Norfolk-Portsmouth, Va. 3,548 1761 1,109 2,954 32,979 5,687 6,978 1,825 3,160 2.545 5,115 67,661 Percent of Total 5.2 2.6 1.6 4.4 48.7 8.4 10.3 2.7 4.7 3.8 7.6 100.0 Percent Change (1960-1970) -10.4 -22.3 +46,11 +403.2 +12.6 + 176.3 -29.9 +21.4 -12.0 +31.6 +54.3 +14.3 Absolute Change 1 (1960-1970) -412 -504 +350 +2368 +3684 +3630 -2971 +323 -430 +612 +1800 +8450 Wilmington, Del, SMSA 471 3,671 1,280 1,662 9,547 4,562 1,897 2,957 1785 25,782 8,522 62,136 Percent of-Total 0.8 5.9 2.1 2.7 15.4 7.3 3.1 4.8 2.9 41.5 13.7 100.0 Percent Change (1960-1970) -23.3 -4.6 -7.8 +100.2 +30.2 +17.4 -38.2 -19.9 -4.8 -1.2 +32.8 +5.2 Absolute Change (1960-1970) -143 -179 -109 +833 +2215 +675 -1171 -733 -90 -304 +2105 +309() Total Esl.uarv Area 17,134 56,053 26,794 42,666 68,256 45,907 48,978 34,905 56.323 59,747 67,705 524,468 Portent of Total 3.3 10.7 5.1 8.3 13.0 8.6 9.3 6.7 10.7 11.4 12.9 100.0 @0 I'vreent of Change (D (1960-1970) -22.2 -27.0 +58.8 +41.8 +2.9 +75.4 -24.7 -4.0 +9.6 +5.5 +42.5 +5.9 00 Absolute Change (1960-1970) -4,884 -20,700 +9,925 4-12,567 +1,943 +19,733 -16,072 -1,455 +4,930 +3113 +20,201 +29,301 F- sour(.'@: U.S. Census of Population: 1970, General Social and Economic Clmrwl.erftics CAD amount of employment in the ''Other Durable Goods" category (mostly Scientific and Research Equipment along with Stone, Clay, Glass, and Concrete Products) and in the "Other Non- durable Goods" group, (mainly Tobacco Processing, Paper and Allied Products, Rubber and Miscellaneous Plastic Prod- ucts, and Leather Products). The influence of the large Government Sector and the maritime environment of theEstuary Area are evident in the structure of the Manufacturing Sector (see Figure 3-10). For example, the Printing and Plublishing industry, whichprovides printing serv- ices for the various Government agencies in the Area, employed 10. 7 percent of the total Manufacturing workers in the Bay Region as compared to 6. 0 percent in the Nation as a whole. The Transportation Equipment industry employed 13. 0 percent of the Estuary's total workers in Manufacturing as compared to a National figure of 10. 8 percent. Many of these workers are engaged in shipbuilding activities throughout the Bay Region, particularly in the areas around Hampton Roads, Virginia and Baltimore, Maryland. Despite the fact that the Manufacturing Sector was not as impor- tant in the economy of the Estuary Area as in the Nation as a whole (in terms of employment), the Sector still has a great deal of significance in the water resource planning process. First, the navigation channels in the Chesapeake Bay are used by many Area manufacturers as a means of shipping raw mater- ials to their factories. For example, in the Baltimore Area several large iron, steel, and nonferrous metal refining com- panies have located at or near deepwater sites on the Bay because of their need for metal ores which are transported most economically by water. Second, many manufacturing firms use water in their production process, usually for clean- ing or cooling purposes. For example, the steel industry uses approximately 24, 000 gallons of water for each ton of steel it produces. This water is often returned to the Bay-system either untreated or only partially treated. The Estuary Area is fortunate, from a water quality standpoint, that the Area's economy has a relatively low proportion of high water-using industries in the Manufacturing Sector. Of the five major water-using industries in the United States (Food and Kindred Products, Paper and Allied Products, Chemicals and Allied Products, Petroleum and Coal Products, and the Metal indus- tries) the Chemicals and Allied Products industry and the Food and Kindred Products industry have a higher proportion of workers employed in the Bay Region than in the United States as a whole. (Figure 3-10). This picture changes somewhat when two counties in the Wilmington, Delaware SMSA (New Castle, Delaware, and Salem,. New Jersey), which are located on the DelawareRiver system, are subtracted fromthe Estuary, Appendix 3 84 La" wilt 1 14 lam lal NO Appendix 3 85 Area totals. The proportion of workers in the Chemicals and Allied Products industry decreases significantly from 11. 4 per- cent of the total Manufacturing labor force to 7. 4 percent of the total. At the same time, however, the Food and Kindred Products industry increases slightly from 9. 3 percent to 10. 1 percent. There were only minor changes in the proportion of workers in other industries after the adjustment. Industrial water demands on the Bay system are less significant in the Chesapeake Bay as a whole than in many other estuaries in the United States. This is due to the fact that Manufacturing is a relatively low proportion of total economic activity in the Bay Region and that the majority of the Manufacturing activity that does exist is no'. of the type which requires large volumes of water. For example, in the Delaware Bay industrial wastes have virtually destroyed that body of water's usefulness for commercial and sports fisheries. However, problems do develop in certain areas of the Bay where manufacturing activity is concentrated. Problems can also occur with industry -related maritime activity. For example, the Chesap-eake Bay is one of the major transshipment routes along the East Coast for the petrochemical industry. As a result of this type of activity, the Coast Guard reported that over I million gallons of oil were spilled into the Bay in 1970. Over half (53. 4 percent) of the total Manufacturing Sector employment is located in the Baltimore or Wilmington SMSA's. Other concentrations of Manufacturing activity are located in the Washington and Richmond STMSA's and in the Hampton Roads area. The heavy water-using industries are concentrated in the Upper Bay and in t-he counties bordering on the Delaware Bay. Employment in the Chemical and Metal industries is centered around Baltimore, Wilmington, and Richmond. Food and Kindred Products employment is concentrated on the Eastern Shore, in the Washinlaton SMSA, and in Norfolk. Other sig- nificant concentrations of Marrafacturing industries within the EstuaryArea are: Printing and Publishing and the two Machin- ery categories in the Washington Subregion, Transportation Equipment in the Norfolk -Portsmouth Subregion, and Chem- icals, and Tobacco processing in the Richmond Subregion. These industries will be discussed in more detail in the Sub- region analysis below. Figure 3-11 illustrates the distribution of Manufacturing employment throughout the Bay Region by county. - Figure 3-12 shows the county distribution of employ- ment in heavy water -using industries (Metals, Food and Kin- dred Products, and Chemicals and Allied Products). Appendix 3 86 Mori ban Iaitton t ampton Warren Snyder 1,aIAta-"@ Mifflin ihuylkill Lehigh loniara irks Morel Blair Buck Ox lb u,,,n Hintwillon ABURG Lebanon r Cu A, a- I Ocean Lancaster Chester BurlingleX Bedford Fulton fianklin far 'a' Aams tie. ... star PA r, Ceti safe XLL) safe Cartoll Atlantic P Frederick Mt A I IMC Comberla Air, lfv Z @@44fltsf -DOVER Lou Kent At( C. ri-I Nurture, Poll Rappaha T14"cl -'T -W a. Sussex m A A illia qv ""' , DEL r afford r ".-.V 5' WX"'. St D a 1111 rj lof In, j arcestel Orange ritsylvilia AlbemailfC Louisa u bull It Ek-'.@B no c-Hamer Vint M Accorna William care ;1 uckingba hatan aa. In hostetlield ch. tle act a Amelia Percent of Total Estuary Area Ifewell Willia r2311 1\ Manufacturing Employment by Prince Edward Prince popia 1111troway Heigh Georg County, 1970 at. Istarg Sorry Pon, invoiddie Luntoburg Sussex Greater than 10 Wight ["Po"a 4 out 6.0 to 9.9 MecklerbarglBrinswick,ii,Is, arrot VA 3.0 to 5.9 NC Gates 1.0 to 2.9 a 5 q`N ritruck @tank "a Less than 1.0 Cox "Itur cars Birtie r.-,,@,.a Source: U.S. Census of Pexpu Ia- tion: 1970, Genual Social and Economic Characteristics """Awn nf'j 'W- 'qg,:@'@ 'A-@t. 21 "i"', u in /X4A J. FIGURE 3-11 Appendix 3 87 unio Carta Al Nation I ton Snyder Wihuylkill 'Lehigli 9. Itim Berks me ce Buck Perry Dauphin /Hunlingdon, A BU RG@f Lebanon Montgomer Comb fland a- hi Cheste, Ore.. Bedf kh Yor@-@ancaw,. Burlington Ord Fulton frankh Delawa , k re Adams Camden 'PA Gloucester FMIT @A too ...... A Atlantic to Cape 7 lQualle Is din %9 t 0 ,gto ,gto ,gto gto 4" @A ,gto A S 'j, C, Fauq net pi, Kalmar. sussen, Arl", M sa oirN6 1". g"' an r 1"v Culpeper DEL tr le orange otsylvanis 5 else Cha lott Fr land All onto at !1ire Louisa R.,on in Fl Vanna ssea Lin. chl Na of King, -coster, Accomm: Buckint tan New, Percent of Total Estuary Area jM er an N D`- Kelt es- it rew Ittht Employment in Heavy Water-Using Chart City iz, AmIlis t Industries by County, 1970 Prince lt;@a_;4d "GX1 it Surtv _,i pv, tershu an Less than 1.0 too., Lunenhurg lslellolh@ lit Ndsm, t Ilit M`21"' 1.0-2.9 mooria rSIN 1, Beach, ulb- Alleckle"k. Brunswick Mpton = 3.0 - 5.9 VA reels'd hesapa den C. . . . . . . . Cates it NC - = 6.0 - 9.9 Video 11 Mentiord =Greater than 10.0 CA no, Ifie I.sIt Source: U.S. Census of A. Population: 1970, General Social and Economic '7 7 Characteristics 7, W, p FIGURE 3-12 Appendix 3 88 BALTIMORE, MARYLAND SUBREGION The City of Baltimore is one of the oldest and most important manufacturing centers in the United States. The Baltimore Subregion, consequently, dominates manufacturing activity in the Estuary Area. There were a total of 244,399 workers employed in the Manufacturing Sector of the Subregion or about 46. 6 percent of the total Sector employment in the Bay Region in 1970. The Baltimore Subregion has a well -diversified Manu- facturing Sector with no one industry having more than 17 percent of the total Sector employment. However, employment rose by only 0. 2 percent, or by 544 workers, during the 1960-1970 per- iod, significantly lower than both the National and total Estuary Area rates. There were large absolute increases in the "Other Durable Goods" category (mostly the Stone, Clay, and Gravel and the Scientific Instruments industries), in the "Other Non- durable Goods" category (mainly in Rubber and Miscellaneous Plastic Products), and in the two Machinery categories. These gains, however, were almost offset by decreases in the Metal industries, Transportation Equipment, and Food and Kindred Products categories. The Manufacturing Sector accounted for 24.4 percent of the total employmentinthe Baltimore Subregion. It was the second most important industry in the Subregion in terms of numbers employedin 1970. As a large manufacturing center, Baltimore City has certain locational advantages over areas where there is no such concentration of industrial activity. This is the result of the wide range of services readily available to a firm which locates in such an urban-industrial center. These fac- tors are called "agglomeration economies" in regional econ- omics. One of the most important services provided to these firms is an excel-lent transportation system in general and the Port of Baltimore in particular. As a result, manufacturing activities in the City and Subregion often reflect this avail- ability of water transportation. The following is an analysis of the major two-digit (SIC) manufacturing industries in the Subregion along with some of the locational advantages of the Subregion for each industry. a. Metal Industries. (SIC 33 and 34). The area around Baltimore has had, a long history-7-r-a-cTi'vity in the iron and steel industry. The Metal Industries have experienced sharp declines in employment in recent years (23. 7 percent between 1960 and 1970) due to increased automation in the area's mills. Major employers in the Primary Metals category are the Beth- lehem Steel Company, the Armco Steel Company, the Kennecott Refining Corporation, and the Eastern Stainless Steel Company. Appendix 3 89 Until recently, the Bethlehern Steel Company's blast furnace -in 'he world. The at its Sparrows Point plant was the largest Fabricated Metal Products industry tends to locate near its primary metal suppliers and near majoY- markets, making the Baltimore area a natural location. This type of activity is especially attracted to the Subregion because of the abundance of food processing plants producing canned fruits and vege- tables. There are also many smaller firms in this category specializing in fabricated structural steel, fabricated plate works (boiler, shops) and sheet metal work. b. Food and Kindred Products (SIC 20 and 0713). There are two groups of manufacturers in thig -1nUu-stFy -.The first group is drawn to the area because of the excellent transpor- tation facilities and because of its proximity to 'he major Eastern and Midwestern markets. These major firms include a cane sugar refinery, two distilleries, and several breweries. Most of the employment in these firms can be classified as basic. The other group of manufacturers are attracted to the Baltimore Subregion because of its proximity to areas produc- ing vegetables, poultry, and seafood. Most of this employment is located on the Delmarva Peninsula and most of the firms, with a few exceptions, are small (less 11-han 200 employees). Employment is generally seasonal; wages are low, and a high proportion of the work force is female. Crysters, clams, crabs, and certain -finfish, all abundant in t-he Chesapeake Bay Region, are processed by many of these firms. Tomatoes are the prin- cipal crops processed by the vegetable canning industry with corn, beans, cucumbers, and strawberries also being impor- lant. The poultry processing category also employs many people on the Eastern Shore. This is not surprising since the Delmarva Peninsula is one of the most impoirtant poultry raising areas in the United States. The Food and Kindred Products industry has also experienced rather sharp declines in employment between 1960 and 1970 due to technological improvements in the food processing industry. Several counties on the Eastern Shore have been hard hit by this decline. . c. All Machinery (SIC 35 and 36)-. Employment in these two industries, especially electrical machinery, are heavily influ- enced by Department of Defense procurement policies. In general, employment is concentrated in a few firms located in the Baltimore SM.SA. The industries require a proximity to a supply of primary metals, good transportation systems to other urban areas, and a large number of services from other manufacturing firms. Many of, the firms in the Electrical Machinery industry also carry on research and development work as well as their manufacturing activities. Baltimore Appendix 3 90 enjoys a locational advantage in this type of activity due to its proximity to the Washington, D. C. research and develop- ment (R & D) complex. Major employers in the Subregion are Crown Cork and Seal Company, Incorporated; Black and Decker Manufacturing Company; and Koppers Company, Incorporated, in the Non-Electrical Machinery category and the Bendix Cor- poration, the Western Electric Company, and the Westinghouse Corporation in the Electrical Equipment industry. The two industries experienced significant increases in employment during the 1960-1970 period due to the large increases in Defense contracts during the period and because of the general rise in demand for durable goods such as kitchen appliances, radios, and power tools. d. Transportation Equipment (SIC 37). This is another industry which, except for several Ue-neral Motors plants, depends almost entirely on Defense and other Federal con- tracts. Most of the firms produce either aircraft, space vehicles, or ships. Again, the Baltimore subregion has a loca- tional advantage in these activities due to its excellent trans- portation facilities, and its proximity to the Washington R & D complex. Major employers in this industry are the Fairchild Hiller Corporation and the Martin Marietta Corporation. The deepwater port facilities offered by the Port ol" Baltimore make the area an excellent location for shipbuilding activities. The Bethlehem Steel shipyard is located in Baltimore County,and is by far the largest employer of the many shipbuilding firms in the Baltimore Subregion, producing both for commercial and military interests. Other shipyards produce small pleasure and fishing craft. This industry has also suff ered sharp declines in employment due to decreases in related space and military contracts during the 1960-1970 decade. e. Textiles and Fabricated Textile Products (SIC 22 and 23). Baltimore City has historically been an important producer--7o textiles and apparel due to .4ts proximity to Southern cotton sources. This industry has remained important in the area although during the last several decades manufacturers have turned more toward the synthetic fibers. The production of menis clothing is especially important in the area since this type of activity is not attracted to style centers as is the man- ufacture of women's clothing. The industry in the Baltimore area has lost some of its attractiveness to new firms because of increasing labor costs in this labor-intensive industry. As a result, there were slight decreases in employment during the 1960-1970 decade. f. Other Industries. The Furniture and Wood products industry is attracted 7 the area because of Baltimore's func- tion as a transshipment point for lumber, and because of the Appendix 3 91 nearness of major Eastern markets. The Scientific Instru- ments industry is drawn to the area because of its proximity to the R & D complex in the Washington, D. C. area and because of the numerous manufacturing services offered in and around Baltimore City. The Subregion also has a locational advantage for the Chemical and Allied Products industry because of Baltimore City's role as a transportation junction point, and particularly because of the availability of waterside plant sites since the bulky raw materials used in this industry are often most economically transported to the factory by water. WASHINGTON, D.C. SUBREGION Because of the District of Columbia's primary function as the Nation's Capital, the Washington Subregion has never developed into an important manufacturing center. The majority of the manufacturing activity which has become established in the area is related to the activities of the Federal Government. For example, the Printing and Publishing industry, which provides its services to the numerous Federal agencies in the area, employs over one-third of the Manufacturing workers in the Subregion. The large defense-related R & D in the Washington area is also a significant source of manufacturing employment in the Subregion although Baltimore has benefited to an even greater extent because of its well- established manufacturing complex combined with its proximity to Washington. The Manufacturing Sector employed 83, 005 workers in 1970. This amounted to about 15. 8 percent of the total Sector employ- ment in the Estuary Area. Employment experienced modest gains during the 1960-1970 period. The 14. 1 percent increase was significantly higher than the Regional rate. The largest increases were in the two Machinery categories and in Printing and Publishing. There were decreases, however, in the Metal Industries and in Food and Kindred Products. The Manufacturing Sector accounted for 6. 3 percent of the total employment in the Washington Subregion in 1970. It was the fourth most important industry in the Subregion in terms of numbers employed. Listed below are some of the major two- digit (SIC) manufacturing industries in the Washington Sub- region. a. Printing and Publishina (SIC 27). The Washington Sub- region contains the majority -TST.-T-percent) of the Estuary Area's employment in this industry. This category is also, Appendix 3, 92 by far, the most important in the Manufacturing Sector in the Subregion. This industry is attracted to the Subregion because of the concentration of Federal Government, activities with their tremendous demands for printing services. Almost half of the industry's employment is located in Prince Georges and Montgomery Counties, Maryland. Most (about 75 percent) of the employment is classified as commercial printing with the remainder in the newspapers and periodicals categoU. The industry experienced moderate employment gains during the 1960-1970 period (about 9. 0 percent). This was lower than the total Manufacturing increase for the Subregion. Improve- ments in output per worker in the industry have had a dampen- ing effect on employment during the last decade. b. Electrical and Non-Electrical Machinery (SIC 35 and 36). The two machinery catego are examples of industries THich are attracted to the area because of the defense-related R & D complex in the Washington area. The firms in these groups are either directly involved'in research and development activ- ities or they are suppliers to such firms. Most of them are located in the Maryland and Virginia suburbs of Washington, D. C. With a few exceptions, like Vitro Laboratories, these firms are relatively small employers. Major products include electronic communication equipment, computer equipment, warfare and aerospace systems, information management sys- tems, and peripheral computer equipment. The two industries together experienced a 75. 1 percent employment increase dur- ing the 1960-1970 decade. c. Other Industries. The Fabricated Metals industry is the major employer in the Metal Industries category. Activities are oriented toward supplyng ornamental metal work, heating ducts, metal doors, metal molding and trim, and other prod- ucts related to the construction industry. The Food and Kindred Products industry, serving the large urban population in the area, is also relatively important although most of the agriculture products are grown outside of the Subregion. The seafood processing industry is also impor- tant in the area. The Potomac and Patuxent Rivers, both located in the Subregion, are important sources of both shell- fish and fin-fish. Appendix 3 93 RICHMOND., VIRGINIA SUBREGION The tobacco industry is at the hub of the Richmond Subregion's Manufacturing Sector. The City of Richmond is one of the major tobacco processing centers in the United States. This industry has attracted several other types of industries to the area oriented towards providing needed services and products to the tobacco industry. For example, the Paper and Primary Metals industries 'supply the basic materials (paper and alum- inum foil) for cigarette wrappings and containers. There were 67, 267 workers employed in the Manufacturing Sec- tor in 1970 or about 12. 8 percent of the total Bay Region employment in the Sector. Employment rose by 11. 6 percent during the 1960-1970 decade, or by 6, 981 workers. This was higher than both the Reginal and National rates. The greatest increases were in Chemicals and Allied Products, and Textiles and Fabricated Textile Products. Decreases occurred in Food and Kindred Products, and, Furniture., Lumber, and Wood Products. The last two categories were the only ones in the Manufacturing Sector to show declines during the period. The Manufacturing Sector accounted for 22. 3 percent of the total employment in the Subregion. It was the second most important Sector in the Subregion.. in terms of numbers employed. Some, raw materials for the area's Chemical indus- try are shipped up the James River to Richmond and Hopewell. Utilization of the Port has been hampered by the relatively shallow 25-foot depth of the channel. Only about 10 percent of today's oceangoing vessels are able to navigate a channel of this depth. The following are some of the important industries in the Richmond Subregion. a. Tobacco Industry (SIC 2 1). Most of the important tobacco companies ave major plants located within the Richmond Sub- region. The industry was originally attracted to the region because of the abundance of tobacco plantations alongthe James River and its tributaries. Tobacco cultivation has since shifted to the west and south; but.. Richmond and Petersburg have remained important tobacco processing centers largely because of the ready availability of certain required manufacturing services and materials (aluminum foil, cellophane, paper prod- ucts, and packaging services) and because of a large supply of semi-skilled female labor. Census data does not break down manufacturing employment into enough detail to show the numbers of workers in the tobacco industry. Tobacco industry workers are included in the "Other Appendix 3 94 Nondurable Goods" category. However, partial data shows that employment inthis industry has remained fairly constant during the 1960-1976 period. b. Chemicals and Allied Products (SIC 28). The major products of this industry are plastic resins, synthetic fibers, basic chemicals, and fertilizers. The two largest firms are the Allied Che-mical Corporation, the DuPont Company, Incor- porated, and the Hercules Powder Company. A large part of the output of this industry is cellophane used in packaging cigarettes. The major locational advantage for the industry is the availability of raw materials, some of which are trans- ported by barge up the James River. The industry experienced sharp gains during the 1960-1970 period. The increases were due to the general growth in the industry nationwide and the increased demands for explosives during the Vietnam War. c. Printing, Publishing, and Allied Industries (SIC 27). A large part of the employment in this industry (ab5_ut__o_n_e_-Third) is engaged in supplying printing services for the tobacco indus- try and the State and local governments. The rest publishes newspapers and periodicals for local markets. Employment in this category increased slightly during the 1960-1970 period. An increased demand for printing services was almost offset by improvements in output per worker. d. Metal Industries (SIC 33 and 34). This category is domi- nated in the Subregion by the ReyHolds Aluminum Company. One of the major products of the firm is aluminum foil, part of which is used by the tobacco industry for packaging ciga- rettes. Most of the production, however, is shipped out of the Subregion. The Reynolds Company also produces extruded aluminum products which have stimulated the development of an important Fabricated Metals industry in the Subregion. Major products of the category include metal doors and sashes, hardware, heating equipment, structural steel, and boilers. Several gray iron foundries are also located in the Subregion. There was a slight decline in employment in the Metal Indus- tries during the 1960-1970 period due to increased automation in the plants. e. Other Industries. The Textile and Furniture industries are attracted to the_-SUb region because of low labor costs and the area's central location with respect to markets. An addi- tional advantage for the Furniture industry is the ready supply of lumber. The major Textile firms produce broadwoven fabrics and children's and men's clothing. The output of the Appendix 3 95 Machinery industry. is divided between tobacco processing machinery and food processing equipment. The Food and Kindred Products industry is also an important employer in the Subregion. The canning of fruits and vegetables, and the prep- aration of seafood and meats are important activities. There is also a group of large firms producing biscuits, cookies, and related products which are marketed throughout the East. NORFOLK-PORTSMOUTH, VIRGINIA SUBREGION The structure of the Manufacturing Sector in the Norfolk- Portsmouth Subregion is dominated by the Subregion's coastal location. The Transportation Equipment industry is by far the most important employer in the Sector. The majority of workers in this industry are employed in Shipbuilding activities. The shipyards, in turn, have attracted machinery and fabri- cated metal plants. The existence of four deepwater ports in the Subregion (Newport News, Norfolk, South Norfolk, and Portsmouth) have attracted some firms in the Chemical and Automobile industries. The Manufacturing Sector employed 67, 661 workers in 1970 or about 12. 9 percent of the total Sector employment in the Estuary Area. Manufacturing experienced a moderate increase of 14. 3 percent during the 1960-1970 period. This was higher than the rates for both the Bay Region and the Nation. Important increases occurred in the Electrical Machinery and Transpor- tation Equipment categories. Only three industries experienced losses during the period--Food and Kindred Products, the Metal Industries, and Printing and Publishing. The Manufacturing Sector accounted for 14. 6 percent of total employment in the Norfolk -Portsmouth Subregion. It was the fourth most important employer in the Subregion. Some of the important two-digit (SIC) Manufacturing industries are listed below. a. Transportation Equipment (SIC 37). About 90 percent of the employme-n-f-1-n- this industry -is accounted for by ship- building and repair industries. The three major employers are the Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company, Incorporated, the U. S. Navy, Norfolk Shipyard, and the Norfolk Shipbuilding and DryDock Corporation. There are also a num- ber of smaller firms which handle small fishing and pleasure crafts. Most of the rest of the employment in the Transpor- tation Equipment industry is in a Ford Motor Company assembly plant located in the Norfolk area. Appendix 3 96 This industry is extremely dependent on Federal Defense spending and on the Merchant Marine subsidy program. Norfolk is a major center for the Navy's Atlantic Fleet operations. The Vietnam War and an increased emphasis on rebuilding and expanding the Nation's Merchant Marine Fleet led to an increase of almost 4,000 employees during the 1960-1970 decade. b. Food and Kindred Products, (SIC 20 and 0713). Most of the firms in this industry are engaged in the processing of vegetables, fruits, seafood, and especially peanuts. These commodities are harvested in abundance in the Subregion. There are also several bakeries and a few firms producing bot- tled and canned soft drinks,, mostly for local consumption. Most of the employment in the industry is engaged in producing for export out of the Subregion. I The industry suffered sharp losses during the 1960-1970 decade due to increased automation in the plants. Because of the rela- tively highprevailing wages inthe Subregion (due to competition from the high-wage Transportation Equipment industry), firms in the Subregion have more incentive to mechanize than plants in other areas. c Other Industries. Much of the employment in the MacLnery categories is engaged in work relating to the Ship- building industry. Several firms in these industries are oper- ated by the same firms which operate the shipyards. Several moderately sized firms produce miscellaneous electrical apparatus and air-conditioning and refrigeration machinery. The Printing and Publishing industry produces for local mar- kets with about 75 percent of the workers employed in publish- ing newspapers. The Fabricated Metals industry is still another which is heavily oriented toward shipbuilding activit 'ies. There are also firms producing metal doors, sashes, and frames. The Chemical industry is attracted to the area because of the excellent transportation facilities and the availability of. raw materials (especially oyster shells). The Agricultural Chemical industry employs over 60 percent of the workers in this category. WILMINGTON, DELAWARE SMSA There were a total of 62, 136 workers employed in the Manu- facturing Sector of the Wilmington SMSA, or about 11. 8 per - cent of the total Sector employment in the Estuary Area in Appendix 3 97 1970. Employment in the Sector increased by a modest 5. 2 percent during the 1960-1970 period. The most significant increases occurred in the Transportation Equipment and Chem- icals and Allied Products Industries. Losses took place in Food and Kindred Products and in Textiles and Fabricated Tex- tile Products. The Manufacturing Sector accounted for 31. 6 percent of the total employment in 1970 in the SMSA, making it the most important employer in the area. Because the industries in the Wilmington Subregion, except for Cecil County, Maryland, are not located on the Chesapeake Bay, a detailed analysis of the Manufacturing Sector in this Subregion is not presented. Important industrial categories are discussed briefly below, however, with emphasis on Cecil County. The Manufacturing Sector of the Wilmington SMSA is based on the Chemical and Allied Products Industry. The oldest and largest of the chemical companies, E. I. du Pont de Nemours, was founded along the Brandywine Creek in New Castle County, Delaware, in 1802. The Company still has its headquarters and. several large plants employing many thousands of people in the area. In addition, a plant producing rocket propellents is one of the largest employers in Cecil County, Maryland. The Chemical Industry is attracted to the area because of the availability of water transportation, raw materials, and the large quantities of fuel (mostly petroleum) needed in the pro- duction process. The Transportation Equipment industry (mostly shipbuilding) is also attracted to the -area because of its coastal location. The largest firm in the Electrical Machin- ery Industry is the R. M. R. Corporation in Cecil County which produces electric motors. PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION The Public Administration Sector includes civilian workers in the postal service and Federal, State, local, and international goverm-nents (SIC codes 43, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96,. and 97). In 1970, there were 475,448 employees in this industry, or about 14. 4 percent of the total employment in the Estuary Area. This is significantly higher than the figure of 5. 5 percent for the United States as a whole. Employment in this Sector grew Appendix 3 98 36. 2 percent during the 1960-1970 period which was above the 31. 5 percent rate of growth for the Nation. The Public Administration Sector ranked fourth in total employ- ment in the Estuary Area. However, for several reasons this industry is far more important to the Region's economy than these employment figures indicate. First, earnings are higher than average in this Secto-r. These high, steady paychecks have helpedto stimulate other Sectors of the economy, especially the, Retail Trade and Service industries. Second, the Federal por- tion of the Public Administration Sector can be thought of as a "basic" industry since it exports its "product" (pubic services) to the entire Nation, therefore bringing money into the Region and raising incomes. The bulk, of the total Public Administraton employment in the Estuary Area (almost 66 percent) is located in the Washington, D. C. Subregion. Other concentratons of workers are located in the Richmond, Virginia vicinity, throughout much of the Baltimore, Maryland SMSA, and in the major urban areas of the Norfolk- Portsmouth Subregion.' Figure 3-13 illustrates the percentage of total Estuary Area Public Administration employ- ment which is located in each county. During recent decades, employment in the Federal, State, and local governmerits has experienced impressive increases as population has continued to grow, and these governments have increased their regulatory and administrative duties. This has been especially true for the last two categories. For example, between 1950 and 1970 Federal government employment increased by about 42. percent while State and local employment increased by approximately 120 percent. Employment in the Public Administration Section has increased right along with this general increase in government employment. Since three State capitals (Annapolis, Maryland; Richmond, Virginia; and Dover, Delaware) are located in the Estuary Area, the Region's economy has greatly benefited from this expansion. BALTIMORE, MARYLAND SUBREGION The Baltimore Subregion ranked second in the Estuary Area in employment in the Public Administration Sector with a total of 88, 586 workers in 1970. This amounted to 18. 6 percent of the total Sector employment in the Region. Employment rose by 53. 3 percent during the 1960-1970 period, significantly higher than both the National and Regional rates, indicative of a high proportion of workers on the State and local levels. Appendix 3 99 @A -7 4--l" . ..... Monroe @00 'n, into I h Snyder land ifflin chuylkill Lehigh 'a roon Run am Bile Mirce I it p'llamphin Barks Lebanon tgomer t,oldon A B U R on pi a. Comb Hand ocean York@@Rnastet theater 1Al, iw, Eton Bedford FultonXranklin 6 Delaware d Adams C ter F k Want ic 4?w Castle C it mourd i Pl@ Kent "A Won "Z""V, X _'X as/ @ANN Is toudoon a POP C Tat 'T- "q4lax Falls Chu,N 7' a, 7, 7 prince lo pt fit &a 4"n flapplu P. CI- 5"5V k ex Rd, Culpeper S flard Dorchester 7 1@@ UV@ at 77@ Marys in[ munall orange potsy van Somers Worcester Caroline Louisa Aic s Fluvarina in too- harmer 'K. chi ing I&caster _Wa e lucki.gha hatan '14t\X om I Rent no Pga ovlk7 Chi Imp-- no 'T. tce., me city P ,, I---, i@ Ity Percent of.Total Estuary Area Public well Prince E at P1 Administration Employrnent in Each IsW art County, 1970 at ry iters u So ):Ipcrl@ Isle-ol Lune.burg Sussex 10.0 and over 6 Wight Virgiar- 6.0 to 9.9 ;1*R IRm,1.,,rc: Micklemb., Q ImIn Aieensvi 3.0 to 5.9 Gates Gt 'Tot, 1.0 to 2.9 as, aria t A "amoral _1Atink 2) ,@h @ 'I _@l . II @A V lCh pe i Less than 1.0 W Bertie RoWl, aman Source: Census of Po tion: PUT a, 1970, General Soc and Economic Characteristics FIGURE 3-13 Appendix 3 100 The Public Administration Sector accounted for 8. 8 percent of the total employment in the Baltimore Subregion in 1970. Two State capitals, Annapolis and Dover, are located in this Sub- region and Baltimore City itself has a large number of Federal, State, and city goverm-nent employees. Roughly, 40 percent of the workers in this Sector were employed by the Federal government with an equal proportion employed on the local level. The remaining 20 percent worked for the State govern- ments. The major employers in the Federal portion of the Public Administration Sector are the Post Office and the Social Security Administration in Baltimore County which is the National Headquarters for the Social Security Program. There are numerous other Federal employees in this Sector working as support personnel at the many armed forces installations throughout the Subregion (see the Armed Forces Section below). Baltimore City has the largest concentration of Maryland State employees (about 28 percent of the total), with Baltimore (16 percent), Anne Arundel (13 percent), and Carroll (5 percent) Counties also having significant numbers of state workers. The two Delaware counties in the Subregion, Kent and Sussex, pro- vide about 38 percent of the total Delaware State employment, most of this in the Dover area. There is an insignificant amount of State employment in the Virginia portion of the Baltimore Subregion. Employment on the local level is roughly proportional to the population in each locality. WASHINGTON, D. C. SUBREGION The Washington Subregion was first in the Bay Region in employment in the Public Administration Sector with a total of 312, 012 workers in 1970. This amounted to 65. 6 percent of the total Sector employment in the Estuary Area. Employment increased by 33. 0 percent during the 1960-1970 period. This rate was lower than both the National and Estuary growth rates due to the fact that Sector employment in the faster growing State and local governments was a relatively small proportion of total employment in Public Administration. The Public Administration Sector accounted for 23. 5 percent of total employment in the Washington, D. C. Subregion. It was the second most important employer in the Subregion in 1970. The Federal government was the major employer in this Sector with roughly 75 percent of total employment. This is to be expected since almost allthe Federal departments and agencies have their National headquarters in the Capital Area. Appendix 3 101 Although the Public Administration Sector was only ranked second'in importance in the Washington, D.C. Subregion, this Sector (and other related Federal activities) have dominated the economy of the area since the Civil War. Nearly all Sectors of the Subregion's economy, but especially the Service, Manu- facturing, Finance, and Communications industries, have strong ties with the Federal government. This point will be discussed further in the write-ups dealing with each Sector. In recent years, a trend has developed away from the historic centralization of Federal activities in the District of Columbia. New Federal jobs have tended to locate in the Washington sub- urbs and in other parts of the country rather, than in the Dis- trict itself. For example, "a," place" total Federal employment increased 25 percent in the Capital City during the 1961-1969 period. In the Maryland and Virginia suburbs the increase was approximately 51 percent. However, the majority of the Fed- eral jobs (about 67 percent) in the Subregion were still locat 'ed in the District. The thirteen counties and independent cities in the Subregion employed significant numbers of people at the local level (roughly 20 percent of total Sector employment). Several State offices employed relatively small numbers of workers in both Maryland and Virginia. RICHMOND, VIRGINIA SUBREGION The Richmond Subregion ranked fourth in Public Administra- tion employment in the Estuary Area with a total of 22, 517 employees in 1970, or 4. 7 percent of total Sector employment in the Bay Region. Employment in this industry rose by 41.2 percent during the 1960-1970 period. This growth rate was higher than both the National and Regional rates due to the high proportion o.'L' State and local Public Administration workers in the Subregion. The Public Administration Secto-r accounted for 7. 5 percent of the total employment in the Richmond Subregion in 1970. Rich- mond is the State capitol of Virginia and consequently the State portion of total Public Administration employment is significant (about 38 percent). Since there are 15 counties and four inde- pendent cities in the Subregion, local government employment is also very important in the area, comprising about 37 per- cen 't of the total. In addition to the usual postal workers, there was significant Federal employment in this Sector at the sev- eral large armed forces installations in the Subregion. Federal workers made-up about 25 percent of total industry employment. Appendix 3 102 NORFOLK-PORTSMOUTH, VIRGINIA SUBREGION There were 44, 833 workers employed in the Public Adminis- tation Secto.- of the Norfolk -Portsmouth, Virginia Subregion or 4. 7 percent of total Secto.- employment in the Estuary Area. This was the third highest total of any Subregion. Employment in this industry grew at a relatively low 27. 3 percent, lower than both the National and Bay Region rates. This reflects the high proportion of employees in the slower-growing Federal part of the Public Administration Sector. This Sector accounted for 9. 7 percent of the total employment in the Norfolk - Portsmouth Subregion in 1970. The majority of the workers were employed in the Hampton Roads and Virginia Beach sections of the Subregion. The Federal government employed roughly 70 percent of the workers. Most of these were employed as support personnel in the numerous armed forces bases located throughout the Subregion. Approximately 25 percent of the workers in the Sector were employed by local governments. There are 10 county and eight independent cities in the subregion. The Virginia State government employs a relatively minor percentage (roughly five percent) of the Sectors' total employment in several Regional Offices located in the Subregion. WILMINGTON, DELAWARE SMSA There were 7, 500 Public Administration employees in the Wil- mington, Delaware SMSA, the lowest number of any Subregion in the Estuary Area. This figure represented 1. 6 percent of the total Estuary employment in this Sector. There was an increase in employment of 24. 1 percent between 1960 and 1970, the lowest rate of growth for this Sector in the Estuary Area. Public Administration accounted for 3. 8 percent of the total employment in the Wilmington SMSA. Employment was fairly evenly split between the State and local governments with roughly 40 percent working at the State level and about 35 per- cent at the local level. Almost of all of the State employment was in New Castle, Delaware. In fact, about 62 percent of the total Delaware State employment is located in this county despite the fact that the State's capitol is in Dover. Appendix 3 103 AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY, AND FISHERIES The Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries Sector included SIC codes 01, 02, 07, 08, and 09. Employment in 1970 in these industries totaled 54, 084 or 1. 6 percent of all those employed in the Estuary Area. This represented a 27. 9 percent decrease over the 1960 figure compared to a decline of 37. 9 percent in the United States as a whole. The National employment in this sector, while decreasing at a more rapid rate than that within the Estuary Area, still constituted a larger proportion of the total labor force (3. 6 percent as compared to 1. 6 percent for the Bay Study Area). a. Agriculture. Next to Mining, the Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries SFctors employed the least number of people within the Estuary Area. Most of these (6 7. 8 percent or 36, 686 people) were engaged in Agriculture. Forestry and Fisheries employment accounted for the remaining 32. 2 percent of the total labor force in this Sector (17, 398 people). The Estuary Area has long been an important agricultural region but increased urbanization in recent years has affected both the type of agriculture and the nature of the commodities produced. At present, the Region has a varied agriculture. The value of all farm products sold by commercial farms in 1969, by county, is shown in Figure 3-14. Wicomico and Worcester Counties, Maryland, and Sussex County, Delaware, had the highest value of products sold. Other large portions of the States of Maryland and Delaware also maintained com- paratively high values. The value of both crops and livestock and poultry in the Chesapeake Bay Study Area Subregions for 1954, 1959, 1964, and 1969, is shown in Table 3-24. For the Estuary Area as a whole, the value of both crops and live- stock and poultry has steadily increased. For example, total value of all agricultural products rose over 61 percent between 1954 and 1969. Likewise, each of the Subregions has exper- ienced an increase in value of agricultural products since 1954. Livestock, poultry and their products have traditionally pro- vided a greater income for the Area than have crops. Figure 3-15 shows the value of production by county, for livestock and poultry. In- similar fashion, Figure 3-16 shows the value of crops including nursery products and hay. The Estuary Area as in the case of other areas of the U.S. and especially the Eastern Seaboard Region, has been under- going a process of urbanization. Not only has the amount of Appendix 3 104 Mellon Union I an Snyder and e itflin chuylli'll Lehigh Juniata Blair Nil 1-1 '1- Berks Bick p Within A ;61U RG Lebano Montgomef Comb elan it In c9an Lancaste r Chester BurlinIt Bedford Fulton Franklin rA y"I" dams Camden PA loucest" Atlantic Fri Cumberland Cap appal.- 1-91 a 11 Cul we[ In Albomarl Louisa Itivanna Goochl Buclumtham Powhatan mom, land C rl a Amelia rince ard all 20. Lunt susse. Mack lenh.,,j1r'up`spoicika 7A NC amden VALUE OF ALL AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS Gates asqv' Hertfor SOLD FOR THE ESTUARY AREA k\,, -- ,,Atank BY COUNTY, 1969 (in $1,000) in ICA hnim W. maps, 20,000 + -a r "'k 10,000 19,999 @14 A- sy, 13@ 5,000 9,999 2,000 - 4,999 LESS THAN 2,000 s.-E.: [email protected]. OF A..I.ULT-.1169 -1. 4 F- I-- S.1- 1969 1964'. FIGURE 3-14 Appendix 3 105 TABLE 3-24 VALUE OF FARM PRODUCTS SOLD BY SUBREGION (Thousands of Dollars) 0 1 9 6 9 1 9 6 4 Crops Including Livestock, Poultry Total of All Crops Including Livestock, Poultry Total of Ail Nursery Products and their Agricultural Nursery Products and their Agricultural Subregion and Hay Products Products* and Hay Products Products* BALTIMORE 121,333 262,960 384,293 106,936 208,249 315,185 WASHINGTON, D.C. 24,954 30,015 54,969 26,403 25,650 52,053 RICHMOND 24,618 21,129 45,747 23,385 15,655 39,040 NORFOLK-PORTSMOUTH 39 ' 761 23,064 62,825 33,919 17,232 51,151 WILMINGTON SMSA 21,793 19,581 41,374 16,919 16,929 33,848 ESTUARY TOTAL 232,459 356,749 589,208 207,562 283,715 491,277 1 9 5 9 1 9 5 4 Crops Including Livestock, Poultry Total of All Crops Including Livestock, Poultry Total of All Nursery Products and their Agricultural Nursery Products and their Agricultural Subregion and Hay Products Products* and Hay Products Products* BALTIMORE 85,144 158,418 243,562 77,364 138,010 215,374 WASHINGTON, D.C. 23,030 29,718 52,748 .20,042 27,006 47,048 RICHMOND 19,050 17,572 36,622 15,458 13,767 29,225 NORFOLK-PORTSMOUTH 29,727 14,781 44,508 30,356 14,017 44,373 WILMINGTON SMSA 13,637 20,031 33,668 11,625 17,818 29,443 ESTUARY TOTAL 170,588 240,520 411,108 154,845 210,618 365,463 *Total does not include forest products. Monroe untoI IDo Warre 'pt@ oith i Mpt on S it lkill Lehigh .411,11in land by Berk$ met[ Blair @ . I I Bull P Dauphin L n A BURG lottlater Cumberland If a- Ocean on )Fulton Yolk Lancaster Chester =81 DZt Bedford I aWin A ADS loucester PA Atlantic FIT Cumberland M1,111 p 19 ppalia Orange allottesf lie w, Albernall LOU153 INvanna Gocchl Buckingham Polito atan land ay ufl-" hill V poria 'ckv 1@-,-v Mecklevib ATA NC Gates POULTRY AN VALUE OF LIVESTOCK. D Nei It _e E rtlerd TH IR PRODUCTS FOR THE ESTUARY AREA 1969 (in $1,000) Ck pit I BY COUNTY , Bettie wan ans 10,000 + 5,000 9,999 2,500 4,999 VIM'1112 1,000 2,499 1? LESS THAN 1,000 ..U.CE@ S. B.,.,. 0 h, C ...... C:NSUS OF AGRIcUITLIFIE, T 4: F- I-- - S 1- 1969 1964 FIGURE 3-15 Appendix 3 107 Manton 4 10 wafre ,Lou Sol or [and Lehigh flin - chuylk it I Juniata Berks luck Mer Blair p Dauphin Lebanorr /--@Monttomer A EIURGT"'A@-.; Cumberland I I Chester I Ocean Bedford Fulton Franklin rA--< York\-\--' star Ilion dams to Camden PA cester Atlantic mberland Cap Ma c r Sri- Emporra a a Mecklenhur nsw,ck a I I VA NC Gates mden Q Ido\ lot VALUE OF ALL CROPS INCLUDING NURSERY Hertiord asquir PRODUCTS AND HAY FOR THE ESTUARY ,.VAfank I Jet, Perva, AREA BY COUNTY, 1969 (in $1,000) get I wag mans 10,000 + memneommor 5,000 - 9,999 2,500 4,999 1,000 2,499 LESS THAN 1,000 f U,. C-- CENSUS oF,AGR,1,C,@LTURE, 1969. T- 'F.- 5.1- 19" @d FIGURE 3-16 Appendix 3 108 land in farms been declining but so too has the number employed as farmers, farm managers, labo-rers, and foremen. Even with this decrease in agricultural land, agricultural pro- duction is increasing. Chemical fertilization has been at least partially responsible for this increased production while at the same time it is of serious consequence to the land and water resources of the Bay. Chemical fertilizers add nutrients to the waters of the Bay and its tributaries which results in an increase in the amount of algae and other vegetation. Plants demand oxygen and excessive vegetative growths can cause fish kills. Even though certain types of chemicals are currently prohibited, the problem still exists. Poor farming techniques, in general, have been detrimental to water resources by resulting in extensive erosion and, ulti- mately, siltation of waterways. In many in.:stances, tributaries and river channels have become completely silted up, making navigation impossible. The detrimental effects on commerce, recreation, and industry are obvious. Thus, the Agricultural Sector, while not of such comparative significance in terms of size of employment, is of great interest and concern in regard to its effect on the Bay. Irrigation, an important method in some areas of achieving highest yields per -acre, is not of special significance in the Study Area. Therefore, it will not be considered here. Certain counties within the Study Area (e.g., Fairfax County, Virginia) practice effective farming and soil conservation tech- niques. These include planning for the use of land according to soil types and terrain conditions which allows the farmer to use the land to the best purpose. The banks of waterways are left in sod or forest cover. Steep slopes are not plowed. The most intensive tillage is performed on soils that are level, well-drained and which tend to resist erosion. Many acres of farmland "within the Bay Area will be urbanized in the future. If agricultrual lands can be used according to their capabilities, much of the sedimentation and erosion prob- lems which have plagued the Chesapeake Bay Area can be avoided. b. Forestry. Forestry plays a significantly less important economic role within the Estuary Area than does Agriculture. Before settlement took place, the Region was covered with a rather dense forest cover. In spite of the vast urban nuclea- tions and suburban sprawl which have developed since that time, large woodland areas still remain, particularly in the Tidewater regions of Virginia and southern Maryland. Although as much as two-thirds of the land area of some counties is in Appendix 3 109 woodlands, Forestry employs a minor proportion of the work force. In addition,, woodlands are relatively insignificant in terms of value of products sold. c. Fisheries. Surprisingly, the Fisheries industry employs only a comparatively small portion of the total work force in the Estuary Area, yet the Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries support one of the major U. S. commercial fisheries industries (this is not to mention the recreational fishing resources of the Bay). More detailed information on the ?Harvesting Sector" and the "Seafood Processing Industry" is outlined by the National Marine Fisheries Service in Chapter VI of Appendix C of the Chesapeake Bay Existing Conditions Report. BALTIMORE, MARYLAND SUBREGION Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries employed 24, 366 workers in 1970 which represented a 26. 3 percent decrease over the number engaged inthese activities in 1960. While the Baltimore Subregion employed more people in these three industries than any other Subregion (45. 1 percent), the Sector accounted for only 2.4 percent of the total labor force within the Subregion. In the Baltimore Subregion, Agriculture alone engaged 17, 926 people or 73. 6 percent of the total employment in this Sector. The value of all farm products sold by commercial farms in this Subregion amounted to $384, 293, 000. Caroline, Carroll, Somerset, Wicomico, and Worcester Counties, Maryland, and Kent and Sussex Counties, Delaware, were the primary agri- cultural, producers. Each sold over $20 million worth of products. Poultry and poultry products accounted for the major portion of the value of all agricultural products. Wicomico, Wor- cester, Sussex, and Somerset Counties were the principal poultry producers. Vegetables and dairy products were also valuable groups of agricultural commodities sold in the Sub- region. All of the 17 counties of the Subregion produced at least some of these products. Dairyinghas a definite advantage in the Bay Region because the large urban populations demand fresh bottled milk and cream. The dairies themselves must be within close proximity to meet this demand. Dairying, as a result, has successfully competed with the urbanization proc- ess for land immediately adjacent to the cities. Appendix 3 110 WASHINGTON, D.C. SUBREGION There were 12,427 workers employed in the Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries Sector in the Washington Subregion in 1970. This was a decrease of 17.8 percent over the nun@ber employed in '1960. The Subregion ranked second in terms of number of people engaged in this Sector (23.0 percent of all those within the Estuary Area employed in Agriculture, For- estry, and Fisheries). Of the total labor force within this Sub- region, however, only 0.9 percent were engaged in these industries. Agriculture accounted for almost two-thirds of'all those employed in the Sector, or 8,041 people. The value of all farm products sold by commercial farms in this Subregion totaled $54, 969, 000. This was only - 14. 3 percent of the total value of farm products produced in the Baltimore Subregion. In terms of value, livestock and poultry were more valuable in this Subregion than were crops. Tobacco, however, was a very important commodity with the chief producing counties all located in Southern Maryland (Prince Georges, Calvert, Charles, and St. Marys). The total value of the tobacco crop was considerably higher than any other Subregion in the Estuary Area. Dairy products and the sale of livestock were important farm activities within the Washington, D. C. Subregion as well. Loudoun County, Virginia, was the principal producer of live- stock, including cattle, calves, hogs, and pigs. Only one county out of 12 did not produce livestock for commercial sale (Arlington County, a highly urbanized,area, was the sole county which did not produce livestock). RICHMOND, VIRGINIA SUBREGION The Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries Sector within the Richmond Subregion employed 5. 589 people in 1970 which represented 1. 9 percent of the total work force in the Sub- region. There was a 39. 8 percent decrease.over the number engaged in this Sector in 1960. The Subregion ranked fourth within the Estuary Area in the number of people employed in these three industries. Approximately 10. 3 percent of the total Sector employment was located in the Richmond Sub- region. As, with the other Subregions thus far investigated, Appendix 3 ill the Richmond Subregion. has more workers employed in the Agricultural portion of the Sector than both Forestry and Fish- eries combined. Approximately 70.4 percent of the workers (3, 932 people) are involved in some type of farming activity. The value of all farm products sold by commercial farms totaled $45, 747, 000. The most important farm products sold were the oil crops which include soybeans and peanuts. Pro- duction and sales took place in all 15 counties of the Subregion. Corn and livestockwere also important farm products and were each produced in all of the Subregion's counties. NORFOLK-PORTSMOUTH SUBREGION The Norfolk -Portsmouth Subregion was the third highest employer within the Estuary Area (15. 3 percent of the total) in the Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries Sector. Approxi- mately 8, 252 people were employed in 1970 representing a decrease of 33. 8 percent over those engaged by these indus- tries in 1960. The Sector accounted for only 1. 8 percent of the total labor force within this Economic Subregion. In 1970, Agriculture employed 4, 833 workers or 13. 2 percent of all those employed in Agricultural activities within the Estuary. The value of all farm products sold totaled $62,825, 000 in 1969 with oil crops making up the largest por- tion of this. Southampton County was the biggest producer of oil crops in both the Subregion and the Estuary Area. The major portion of oil crops sold by commercial farms in this Subregion was produced in Southampton and Isle of Wight Coun- ties and the City of Suffolk. The Subregion is also an important producer of livestock and corn. WILMINGTON, DELAWARE SMSA The Wilmington Subregion employed less people in the Agricul- ture,, Forestry, and Fisheries Sector in 1970 than any of the other four Subregions (only 6.4 percent of all those within the Estuary Area employed in this Sector were found here). Employment in 1970 was 3, 450, a decrease of almost one-third from the number engaged in these activities in 1960. Of the total work force in the Wilmington SMSA, 1. 8 percent were employed in this Sector. Appendix 3 112 Agriculture in the Subregion engaged 1, 954 people or 56.6 per- cent of the total Sector employment. The value of all farm products sold by commercial farms was the lowest for any of the Subregions. Part of this can be explained by the fact that the Wilmington Subregion is much smaller in area than any of the other Subregions. The most important group of commodities in terms of value of products sold was dairy products. The explanation for this is similar to that for other large dairying areas: farmlands in close enough proximity to large urban populations to pro- vide the fresh cream and milk which urban population demands. Each of the three counties within the Subregion (Cecil, New Castle, and Salem) sold between $2, 000, 000 and $4, 999, 000 worth of dairy products in 1969. The total value of these com- modities was $11, 473, 000. Vegetables ranked second in value of farm products sold. Salem County, New Jersey, was the largest producer of vegetables both within the Subregion as well as the Estuary Area, having sold $9, 664, 000 worth of products. The total value of these farm products for the Subregion amounted to $10, 432, 000. The best explanation for such a large production of vegetables is, once again, the Subregion's location. Situated between several large urban centers (Wilmington, Philadelphia, and New York), the Wilmington Subregion supplies vegetables to an ever increasing market both within as well as outside its economic boundaries. Due to the close proximity of these markets, per- ishable vegetables can reach the consumer before they have time to spoil. Poultry products constitute an important commodity sold in the Subregion. All three counties produced these products in 1969. Nursery and greenhouse products are economically important to the EstuaryArea although in no Subregion are these products among the three most important commodities in terms of value of farm products sold. Production is greatest in counties adja- cent to or surrounding large urban populations where demand for specialized "horticulture type" goods is strongest. Appendix 3 113 CONSTRUCTION The Construction Sector (SIC Code 15-17) includes workers engaged in contract construction. Activities in this Sector include the construction of houses, office buildings, stores, highways, bridges, tunnels, locks, piers, dams, as well as more specialized construction jobs such as plumbing, painting, electrical work, and carpentry. The Construction Sector in the Estuary Area employed 199, 723 people in 1970. This represented a 22. 3 percent increase over the figure for 1960. About 6. 1 percent of the Area's work force was employed in this Sector, slightly higher than the figure for the. United States as a whole. The level of construction activity in the Bay Region increased signif icantly between 1960 and 1970 as evidenced by the increase of some 36, 000 workers during the period. An increase in housing construction was a major reason for this expansion, as shown in Table 3-25. The tremendous influx of new people into the Region during the last decade significantly increased the demand for new housing. Generally, one new housing unit (including apartments) was built for each two to three person change in the population during the 1960-1970 decade. In addition, postwar babies reached the age when they began to form families and buy homes. Expanded government aid in the area of subsidized housing and mortgages has also helped to stimulate the housing industry. As a result of these factors, there was an increase of 584, 384 housing units in the Bay Region during the 1960-1970 period. As might be expected, housing construction activity in the Estuary Area was generally concentrated in those counties which experienced the highest gains in population. These included the counties around Washington, D. C. and Baltimore, Maryland. Prince Georges County, Maryland, had, by far, the largest absolute increase in housing units during the decade with a gain of 100, 612 units. - The Washington, D. C. Subregion alone accounted for approximately 53 percent of the total increase in housing units in the Bay Region during the Sixties. The Baltimore Subregion accounted for an additional 23 per- cent. Table 3-25 and Figure 3-17 present data for the increases in housing units in the Estuary Area by Subregion and county during the decade. Appendix 3 114 -1 union Snyder are Mifflin chuylli'll Lehigh Juniata 11111 ir fells Mercer B.cks P 0 Setif Huntingdon A'URG "ban thanon Mentilemer Cumbr k@ 04- ocean and hit Yor ster Chester hill Delaware U!@ Bedford Camden A AM Gloucester I -Xinklur , . Fulton Wish Ing fill MD. Cecil 11 Caffell 11 Marto At I a a t, c Frederick I Castle B A Cumberland/L IMORE run I a DOVE Loading Y Arliffifitti G ),N TS tw,@', AQUI -"j Facture t'ria. Falls Cho ?@iflce print tic ... fe Sol a alia Z OF Sus anaert 0 Culpeper Slaffor St comal?M04 D reene I mg, inctster Isylva Orange ff ck CIS I it lie ... isa 'land Rid, li, at Fluir Inn. '77 boner Lan., M Harper ii for illam e enfic hatan Sucktatha In land CD orth! Absolute Number of Housing Units Searle ater a in 119 city, t Gained or Lost for the Estuary Area Kspewell i6 If or by County 1960 to 1970 Prince Edward in t Geoff 118 to ay a t 41, over 25,000 te Sir Inwiddif IS I - @"Wjl hfljj@ 5,000 - 25,000 mp"', outh- [is- Meek It'll, r@llr. a@'.,,k ampton 1,000 - 5,000 it e be ape 77 0-1,000 LGales Hertford t,,k loss Ch pe"11"I Bettie wag mans" Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census Construction Reprots-Housing -ur Authorized by Building Permits and Public Contracts Oct 1971 ZY FIGURE 3-17 Appendix 3 115 TABLE 3-25 CHANGE IN HOUSING UNITS BY SUBREGION AND TOTAL ESTUARY AREA - 1970 Absolute Percent Change Change Number of in Housing in Housing Housing Units Units Units Subregion 1970 1960-1970 1960-1970 17 - Baltimore, Md. 812,962 +134,457 +19.8 18 - Washington, D.C. 90,590 +309,265 +45.2 21 - Richmond, Va. 236,964 + 50,153 +26.8 22 - Norfolk-Portsmouth, Va. 337,711 + 62,412 +22.7 Wilmington, Del. SMSA 156,723 + 28,097 +21.8 Total Estuary Area 2,537,950 +584,384 +29.9 SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Housing: 1960 and 1970. Increases in business and commercial activities in the Estuary Area along with expansions in Federal employment helped to create a boom in the construction of new office buildings during the 1960-1970 decade. Major urban renewal projects in Baltimore and Washington also employed many construction workers. The construction of the Estuary Area's portion of the Interstate Highway System, including the Beltways around Baltimore and Washington and the improvement of many other highways and roads throughout the Region provided a significant number of jobs during the decade. The Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel project and the second Bay Bridge between Sandy Point and Kent Island in the Northern Part of the Bay were also important projects. Construction activities have a great deal of impact on the water resources of the Bay Region. Much of the disturbed soil (often including valuable top soil) in construction areas erodes and becomes sediment in streams and rivers. This silt causes damage to fish and wildlife by cutting-down on the amount of Appendix 3 116 oxygen in the water and by covering spawning beds. In addition, 01 sediment can clog navigation channels (necessitating costly dredging operations), increase the cost of treatment for city and industrial water supplied, increase flood damages, make water recreation less enjoyable, and generally lower the aes- thetic quality of a waterway. The indiscriminant cutting of trees, paving of land, and the destruction of wetlands during construction activities greatly increases the run-off from a given rainfall which, in turn, increases the frequency and severity of floods. Unfortunately, the areas in the Bay Region with the most con- struction activity are the same areas in which there are already significant industrial and residential strains on the Bay's resources. It was estimated in a study by Wolman that sed- iment from construction sites in the Washington, D.C. area probably contributes 25-30 percent of the total sediment enter- ing the Potomac River at Washington. These facts only empha- size the need for a comprehensive land and water management program whichwill minimize the environmental impact of these activities. BALTIMORE, MARYLAND SUBREGION There were 63, 836 people working in the Construction Sector in 1970 in the Baltimore Subregion. The Subregion ranked second in the Estuary Area in employment in this Sector with 32. 0 percent of the Region's total. There was a gain in employ- ment of 10. 2 percent during the 1960-1970 decade:., the smallest increase of any Subregion. Housing and apartment construction accounted for a major part of the building activity in the Subregion. The net gain of 134, 45 7 housing units between 1960 and 1970 represented about 23 per- cent of the total Estuary Area gain. The majo.- portion of this activity took place in the counties which comprise the Baltimore SMSA. Baltimore and Anne Arundel Counties along with Baltimore City experienced the greatest absolute gains with increases of 47,824., 27.,574, and 15..366 units respectively between 1960 and 1970. Howard County, Maryland, had the greatest percentage increase (76. 9 percent) of any county in the Subregion largely due to the presence of the planned com- munity of Columbia between Baltimore and Washington. On the Eastern Shore., significant construction activity took place in Worcester and Sussex Counties along the Atlantic Ocean beach areas from Rehoboth Beach, Delaware, south to Ocean City, Maryland. Appendix 3 117 There were also several important highway construction proj- ects in the Subregion during the decade. The construction of Interstate Highways 95, 83, and 70N, as well as the improve- ment of U. S. Routes 50, 13, and 113. provided many jobs dur - ing the decade. The Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant and the second Bay Bridge were also important projects during the latter part of the period. WASHINGTON, D.C. SUBREGION The Washington Subregion ranked first in the Estuary Area in Construction Sector employment with 74, 849 workers in 1970. This amounted to 37. 5 percent of the total construction employ- ment in the Estuary Area. The area experienced a higher than average employment increase of 28.2 percent during the Sixties. Approximately 53 percent of the total increase in housing units during the 1960-1970 decade in the Estuary Area occurred in this Subregion. Again the vast majority of the housing con- struction activity took place in the suburban counties surround- ing the District of Columbia. Prince Georges and Montgomery Counties in Maryland and Fairfax County, Virginia, had the highest absolute increases in the Subregion with gains of 100, 612, 64, 237, and 61, 633 housing units respectively. Sub- urbanization has spread outward from the District of Columbia into Prince William, Loudoun and Charles Counties. Prince William had the highest percentage increase of any county in the Estuary Area (+126. 3 percent) during the 1960-1970 decade. A proposed new community in Charles County, Maryland (St. Charles) has sparked a controversy between present residents of the County and outside developers. The dispute arose 'over the fact that the new community will eventually almost double the population of what is now a predominantly rural county. Residents fear that such rapid development will permanently alter the quaint, rural life which they have been used to. Such conflicts between the need for more land for development and the desire to preserve unique lands and life styles again point out the need for a comprehensive land and water management plan for the Bay Region. The construction and improvement of Interstate Highways 95, 66, 70S, 495, and U. S. Routes 29, 50, and 301 generated a Appendix 3 118 significant number of jobs for construction workers during the 1960-1970 decade. The construction of Dulle's International Airport in Loudoun County, Virginia, was also important to the Sector. Expanded Federal employment in the Washington area stimulated the construction of many new office buildings. RICHMOND, VIRGINIA SUBREGION There were- 21, 317 people employed in the Construction Sector of the Richmond Subregion in 1970. The Subregion ranked first in the Estuary Area in proportion of total workers in the Con- struction Sector with 7. 1 percent. The rate of employment increase during the 1960-1970 decade amounted to 27.1 per- cent, higher than both the National and Regional rates. There was a net gain of over 50, 000 housing units in the Sub- region duringthe last decade. This represented a 26. 8 percent increase during the period, the second highest gain in the Estuary Area. The political subdivisions with the largest absolute gains in the Subregion were Richmond City and Henrico County. These two counties accounted for about 66 percent of the total net gain in housing units. None of the counties or independent cities in the Subregion lost housing units during the decade. All of the counties in the Richmond -Petersburg area experienced moderate percentage gains with Henrico (+42. 6 percent), Hanover (+41. 7 percent), and Prince George (+38. 9 percent) experiencing the highest proportional increases. Many construction workers were also employed during the decade in expansion and improvement of Interstate Highways 95, 64, 85, and U. S. Routes 360, 60, and 301. The increased demand for office space, due to large gains in the number of State government employees, also stimulated construction activity in the Richmond area. NORFOLK-PORTSMOUTH, VIRGINIA SUBREGION There were 26, 196 workers in the Construction Sector in the Norfolk-Portsmouth Subregion in 1970. There was an increase in employment during the 1.960-1970 decade of 31.8 percent, the largest increase in the Estuary Area. This gain was due Appendix 3 119 to a significant influx of Armed Forces personnel into the area and to a large increase in the construction of vacation homes in the Virginia Beach area. The gain of 62,412 housing units in the Subregion during the 1960-1970 decade represented an increase of 22. 7 percent. The largest absolute increase occurred in the Independent Cities of Hampton, Newport News, and Virginia Beach. These three political units accounted for 69 percent of the total increase in housing units in the Subregion. Virginia Beach experienced the largest percentage increase in the Subregion with a gain of 92. 8 percent. York and James City Counties also had large proportional increases with gains of 46. 2 percent and 70. 2 per- cent respectively. Suffolk (-12.1 percent) and Southampton (-27. 7 percent) Counties were the only ones with losses during the decade in the Subregion. The construction of the 21-mile-long Chesapeake Bay Bridge- Tunnel across the mouth of the Bay was the major construction project in the Subregion during the Sixties. The construction and improvement of Interstate Highways 64 and 264, U.S. Routes 58 and 17, along with State Road 44 to Virginia Beach, also stimulated construction activity in the area. WILMINGTON, DELAWARE SMSA The Wilmington SMSA had 13,527 Construction workers in 1970. The Subregion ranked second in the Estuary Area in both proportion of total workers in the Construction Sector and in percentage increase in Sector employment. The area experienced an increase of 28, 097 housing units dur- ing the 1960-1970 decade with all but about 2,000 of this increase occurring in New Castle County, Delaware. There were several highway construction and improvement projects in the SMSA during the decade including Interstate Highways 95 and 295 as"well as U. S. Routes 40 and 13. The construction of a second bridge crossing over the Delaware River was also an important construction project in the Sub- region during the decade. Appendix 3 120 MINING The Mininar Sector includes quarrying and gas and petroleum In extraction as well as general mininar activities (SIC Codes 10- 14). Mining in 1970 provided employment for 3,414 people or 0. 1 percent of the total employment in the Estuary Area. This represented an increase between 1960 and 1970 of 71. 1 percent. In the United States as a whole, Mining employment declined 7.6 percent during the same period and it accounted for 0. 8 percent of the total National employment in 1970. In 1970, Mining employed fewer people than any other Sector within the Estuary Area. The same is true for each of the individual Subregions where employment in this Sector accounted for no more than 0. 2 percent of the total. The chief reason -for such a small employment rate in mining is simply a general absence of most minerals in any commercially significant- quantities. Only stone, sand, gravel, and clay are found in large enough quantities to provide significant employ- ment. These. commodities are used, for the most part, as building materials for local construction projects. As a result, the demand for these materials has increased right alonor with im the tremendous increases in construction activity throughout the Bay Region. Baltimore, Harford, Howard, Anne Arundel, Montgomery, Prince Georges, and Fairfax Counties have experienced especially heavy building activity. The construc- tion of highways, beltways, and other road construction and maintenance, along with the construction of such projects as the Baltimore Gas and Electric Company's nuclear power plant at Calvert Cliffs, also use large quantities of sand, gravel, stone, and clay. Although the Mining Sector employs relatively few people in the EstuaryArea, Mining activities canhave significant impacts on the environment and the water resource planning process. A major part of the- sand and gravel produced in the Bay Region is extracted from river bottoms by dredging operations. These activities obviously stir-up bottom materials causing aesthetic degradation of the rivers due to clouding and silting and damag- ing finfish and shellfish populations. The operation of quarries, the major method of extracting stone and clay in the Bay Region, can also cause environmental problems associated with ero- sion, acid mine drainage, and aesthetics. Appendix 3 121 BALTIMORE, MARYLAND SUBREGION As of 1970, the Baltimore Subregion employed 984 people which represented 10. 2 percent more than those employed in 1960. Baltimore ranked second within the Estuary Area in terms of numbers engaged in Mining. Approximately 28. 8 percent of all those employed in this Sector within the Estuary Area are located in the Baltimore Subregion. Six commodities constitute the chief economic products mined or quarried within the Baltimore Subregion. Sand and garvel,, quarried in largest quantities in Baltimore and Anne Arundel Counties, are used for local construction. Limestone, one of the most valuable stone products, is used both as a building stone as well as in the making of cement. Primary limestone producing areas include Baltimore, Howard, and Carroll Coun- ties. Crushed and dimension stone are also !mined for local use. Dimension stone, used for building purposes, includes marble, gneiss, slate, quartzite, and serpentine. During the 1960-1970 decade, it was most often quarried in Baltimore and Harford Counties. Clay, a fourth mineral of economic value, is also prevalent in Harford and Baltimore Counties. It is used to make brick and tile for construction and in pot- tery. Two other commodities are mined within the Baltimore Economic Subregion. A peat bog in Kent County, Maryland, provided material which was processed and sold in bulk or packaged for general soil improvement. The last commodity, oyster shells, are dredged from the bottom of the Bay and its tributaries, ground up and used as diet supplement in the poultry industry of the United States. These crushed oyster shells provide a mineral, calcium carbonate, which is impor- tant in strengthening the shell of the chicken egg. WASHINGTON, D.C. SUBREGION In 1970, employment in Mining for th@- Washington Subregion total6d 1, 313, an increase of 96 percent between 1960 and 1970. The area employed a higher percentage of the total Regional Mining employment (38. 5 percent) than any other Subregion. The majority of those employed come from those areas which have experienced the greatest building and road construction growth: Prince Georges, Montgomery., and Fairfax Counties, and Washington, D. C. Appendix 3 122 While the Subregion has no deposits of coal, metals or fuels, it is reasonably well supplied with sand and gravel and a small amount of stone. Charles, Fairfax, and Prince Georges Coun- ties are the principal sand and gravel producing areas. Much of this fine and coarse grained mixture is taken from the bed of the Potomac River. The Maryland General Assembly has partially altered this dredging operation, however, by passing a bill in March of 1971 which made it "unlawful to dredge for sand, gravel, or other aggregates or minerals, in any of the tidal waters or marshlands of Charles County, providing that this section should not conflict with- any necessary channel dredging operation for the purposes of navigation. " Thus, all mining of sand and gravel in the Potomac under the jurisdic- tion of Charles County, Maryland, has been suspended since July 1, 1971 when the new law took effect. There were minor deposits of marl and greensand found in Calvert County which were sold for agricultural purposes. Diatomite, supplemented with additional stockpile material and used for experimental purposes was also found and produced in Calvert County. Fairfax, Prince William, and Loudoun Counties quarry dimen- sion stone (granite and traprock). In addition, Fairfax County produces crushed stone (granite) which is used in construction or as agstone, fluxstone, railroad ballast, riprap and stone sand. RICHMOND, VIRGINIA SUBREGION The Mining Sector in the Richmond Economic Subregion employed 606 people in 1970. This represented an increase of 242.4 percent over the number employed in 1960. Only 0. 2 percent of the total work force in the Subregion was engaged in Mining representing 17.8 percent of the total Mining activity within the Estuary Area. Sand and gravel, together with brick clay, are produced and used for local construction purposes. The bulk of the s and and gravel recovery was by dredging and open pit mining. A substantial tonnage of industrial silica sand was produced from crushed sandstone and quartzite. Henrico County was one of the leading producers within the. Subregion as well as Within the Chesapeake Bay Estuary as a whole. Chesterfield and Charles City Counties were two of the other principal sand and gravel producing areas. App,endix 3 123 Clay output was in large part responsible for the increase in employment in. the Mining Sector of the Richmond Subregion. Most of this clay is used for brick manufacture and to a lesser degree as lightweight aggregate and in the manufacture of Portland cement. A small amount is used in the making of flue linings, pottery, clay dummies, and sewer pipe. Ches- terfield is the chief clay producing county in the Subregion. The significant stone producing areas of the Subregion include Hanover and Chesterfield Counties. They are important for the production of crushed stone. NORFOLK-PORTSMOUTH SUBREGION The Mining Sector in the . Norfolk -Portsmouth Subregion employs only268people. While this is a relatively insignificant number, it does represent an increase of 155 percent over the number employed in 1960. Of the total number of persons engaged in Mining in the Estuary Area, only 7. 9 percent are located within this Subregion. Chief mining activities consist'of sand and gravel quarries and oyster shell mining. Sand, most of which is found in Virginia Beach near the Atlantic Ocean, is of sufficiently high quality and quantity that some of it is shipped outside the Subregion. Oyster shells are produced by two firms in the area and are utilized as raw materials for lime and the manufacture of cement. Oyster shell quarrying has been on the increase and this trend is expected to continue. Several operations in Nansemond County mine clay for use by potters and in the production of lightweight aggregate. This clay is generally not of high enough quality to be useful in making the better clay products. WILMINGTON, DELAWARE SMSA In 1970, there were only 243 people,, or 0. 1 percent of the working population engaged in Mining activities in the Wilming- ton SMSA. While this was a 62 percent increase between 1960 and 1970, it represented the least number of people in the Appendix 3 124 Mining Sector of any of the five Economic Subregions (7. 1 per- cent of all workers in the Estuary Area involved in mining were located in the Wilmington SMSA). Mining activities which exist in this Subregion consist of sand, gravel, and stone quarrying in Cecil County, Maryland, and sand, gravel, and clay quarrying in New Castle County, Dela- ware. One of the best known granite deposits in the Bay Area is found near Port Deposit in Cecil County. It is used in widespread areas of the East Coast as both a building stone and as crushed stone for the construction of roads. Limestone and marble, two other building stones, are also mined in this County. Marble is especially valuable in gracing monuments and facades of churches and other institutions. The terrace and stream beds of Cecil County yield substantial quantities of sand and gravel. Most of this is used locally in highway construction and for building purposes. New Castle County quarries no significant amounts of stone. Clay production, however, is used in the manufacture of com- mon red brick. WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE The Wholesale and Retail Trade Sector includes employment in the following activities: a. Wholesale trade (SIC codes 50 and 51); b. Building materials, hardware, garden supply, and mobile home dealers (SIC code 52); c. General merchandise stores (SIC code 5@); d. Food stores (SIC code 54); e. Automotive dealers and gasoline service stations (SIC code 55); f. Apparel and accessory stores (SIC code 56); g. Furniture, home furnishings, and equipment stores (SIC code 5 7); h Eating and drinking places (SIC code 58); i: Miscellaneous retail (SIC code 59). There were 565, 196 workers employed in this Sector in 1970 or about 17. 2 percent of the total employment in the Estuary Appendix 3 125 Area. This was lower than the National rate of 23.9 percent. In 1970, Wholesale and Retail Trade activities were the second largest employer in the Bay Region, behind the Service Sector. The Sector grew by 35. 3 percent during the 1960-1970 decade, significantly higher than the National gain of 23. 9 percent. The Wholesale Trade category grew the fastest with an increase of 63.6 percent compared to 30.1 percent for Retail Trade. Retail Trade activities thrive in areas with high concentrations of people, high incomes, easy automobile accessibility and attractive surroundings. Since the Bay Region has an abundance of these characteristics, the Retail Trade industry is well- developed. It employs 458,221 workers or about 81 percent of the total Sector employment. Nationally, Retail Trade accounts for approximately 74 percent of total Wholesale and Retail Trade employment. Half a century ago the inner cities were the undisputed centers of retail trade activities. During the 19201s, however, many retail trade establishments began to move out of the inner cities along with the many higher income families who were fleeing the city environment. More recently, the development of modern highway systems around the cities has led to the establishment of large shopping centers in the suburban coun- ties. These counties have captured an increasing share of the retail sales in the Bay Region during the last several decades. However, as Figure 3-18 illustrates, the major cities are still important retail centers. The Washington, D.C. and Baltimore, Maryland SMSA's con- tain the bulk (about 65 percent) of the retail trade activity in the Estuary Area. Other important retail centers are located, in Richmond City, Wilmington, and in the Hampton Roads area of Virginia. In 1970, about 19 percent of the total Wholesale and Retail Trade employment or 106, 975 workers were engaged in whole- sale activities. Persons are counted as being employed in the Wholesale Trade industry when they sell to, or negotiate sales with, persons who buy for the purposes of resale or industrial use. Wholesalers usually operate from warehouses which serve as storage facilities for their large stocks of goods. Sales negotiations are usually- carried on at the retailer's establishment. Attractive surroundings are therefore not an absolute requirement for wholesalers since the availability of good transportation facilities, including water, is highly desir- able. Because of the bulk quantities involved, the inner cities have remained the focal points of wholesale trade in the Estuary. Figure 3-19 illustrates this point. Table 3-26 shows the importance of various products in the wholesale trade Appendix 3 126 HARRISBURG* PA % Blit 1 9 j all P. WASHI @F a J@ it. Ed G RaPP242 culpepet X., m 'all" RIF VA Nc "RETAIL TRADE SALES FOR THE ESTUARY AREA BY COUNTY 1972" lin $1,000,000' LESS THAN 100 100 299 300 599 600 899 900 AND GREATER CENSUS OF RETAIL TRADE, "Area Statistics-, C-us, U.S. Department of Commerce.. FIGURE 3-18 Appendix 3 127 40 F. HARRISBURG* .PA MD Lcl Fit r a d K rr e FF n A V WASHI Rappa ON /-,@ a J LIA Culpeper t I D C) 1, a s I . 1; file OF F e e I k 1 r4l Kc rr 0 r M At a hara too i di -.YA NC "WHOLESALE TRADE SALES FOR THE ESTUARY AREA BY COUNTY, 1972"* (in $1,000,000's) LESS THAN 100 100 299 300 599 =//x 600 899 111IN111 900 AND GREATER C) U R,@.E 1972 FCENSUS OF WHOLESALE TRADE, "Area Bur au of th Census, U S. Depantment of Commerce FIGURE 3-19 Data was not available for Charles city county. Virginia. Appendix 3 128 TABLE 3-26 WHOLESALE TRADE SALES AND FIRMS IN THE MAJOR ESTUARY AREA SMSA's - 1972 DURABLE GOODS Sporting, Rec, Hardware, Motor Veh. Furniture Lumber and Photo, & Hobby Metals and Plumbing, Machinery, Misc. & Auto Parts and Home Construction Goods, Toys Minerals except Electrical Heating Equip, Equipment, Durable SMSA & Supplies Furnishings Materials & Supplies Petroleum Goods Supplies & Supplies Goods (SIC 501) (SIC 502) (SIC 503) (SIC 504) (SIC 505) (SIC 506) (SIC 507) (SIC 508) (SIC 509) Firms/Sales* Firms/Sales Firms/Sales Firms/Sales Firms/Sales Firms/Sales Firms/Sales Firms/Sales Firms/Sales Baltimore, Md. 266/745 87/131 153/319 56/84 59/472 208/587 157/171 516/875 122/112 Washington, D.C. 326/2,093 132/140 173/301 69/155 26/35 292/1,002 178/217 566/1,000 95/89 Richmond, Va. 125/607 40/24 57/126 19/37 24/196 88/332 68/91 256/423 33/18 Norfolk/Ports- 103/143 24/144 64/86 24/46 !1/49 50/45 44/49 170/168 34/30 mouth/VA. Beach, Va. Newport News/ 31/13 8/5 11/18 3/(D) 2/(D) 16/13 14/14 50/54 8/2 Portsmouth, Va. Wilmington, Del. 61/75 15/0) 30/75 8/(D) 13/59 28/49 34/30 136/196 17/7 NON-DURABLE GOODS Beer, Wine, Drugs & Apparel, Groceries Petroleum & Distilled Misc. Paper & Paper Related Piece Goods, & Related Farm-Product Chemicals & & Petroleum Alcoholic Non-Durable SMSA Products Products & Notions Products Raw Materials Allied Products Products Beverages Goods (SIC 511) (SIC 512) (SIC 513) (SIC 514) (SIC 515) (SIC 516) (SIC 517) (SIC 518) (SIC 519) Firms/Sales Firms/Sales Firms/Sales Firms/Sales Firms/Sales Firms/Sales Firms/Sales Firms/Sales Firms/Sales Baltimore, Md. 103/229 31/100 81/127 297/862 20/132 53/86 72/611 40/295 242/355 Washington, D.C. 130/175 30/92 47/48 229/703 17/44 33/59 59/586 54/243 224/271 Richmond, Va. 48/86 ll/(D) 18/(D) 88/389 14/220 17/46 36/228 19/68 72/76 Norfolk-Portsmouth, Va. 25/22 8/43 111/11 @108/330 21/144 10/7 56/232 9/34 80/98 Newport News- 7/3 2/(D) 2/(D) 48/41 1/(D) 26/35 5/13 14/4 Hampton, Va. (D Wilmington, Del. 15RD) 9/(D) 5/15 60/165 9/14 18/(D) 26/153 14/(D) 61/79 *Sales in millions of dollars for each category. D - withheld to avoid disclosure. industryfor the major SMSA's in the Bay Region. These major SMSA's control the bulk of the wholesale business with about 94 percent of the total 1972 sales in the Bay Region. Wholesale trade in an area will often revolve around goods (manufactured or agricultural) which are produced in that area. For example, Baltimore specializes in the wholesaling of metal and metal products, Wilmington in drugs and chemicals, and Richmond in raw farm products (including tobacco auctioning and warehousing). Since the producing Sectors (Manufacturing, Agriculture, and Mining) of the Estuary Area's economy are relatively small, the wholesale trade industry is not well- developed in the Region. Some goods intended for wholesale distribution within the Bay Region are shipped into the Area from plants located outside the Region for re-distribution to retailers within the Estuary Area. Automobiles and auto accessories are examples of such goods. BALTIMORE, MARYLAND SUBREGION There were 188,128 persons employed in the Wholesale and Retail Trade Sector of the Baltimore Subregion in 1970. This amounted to 33. 3 percent of the total Sector employment in the Estuary Area. Employment rose by 26.2 percent during the 1960-1970 period, lower than the total Estuary Area rate but higher than the National figure. There was a total of $12. 7 billion worth of wholesale.and retail trade sales in the Sub- region according to the 1972 Census of Wholesale Trade and Retail Trade. The Wholesale and Retail Trade industry was the third largest employer in the Baltimore Subregion in 1970 with 18. 7 percent of the total workers. The majority of this employment (79.2 percent) was engaged in Retail Trade activ- ities. Employment in this category increased by 46. 1 percent during the 1960-1970 decade. Major retail trade centers on the Western Shore are located in Baltimore City, Annapolis, Bel Air, Westminster, and in numerous locations around the Baltimore Beltway in Baltimore and Anne Arundel Counties. On the Eastern Shore, the major retail trade centers are located in Salisbury, Maryland, and Dover, Delaware. Retail Stores in Salisbury advertise their services as far as 75 miles away. There is also some important seasonal activity along the ocean beach resorts in Sussex and Worcester Counties, and in numerous fishing, boating, and swimming areas along the Bay's shoreline. Many thousands of dollars have been lost because of beach closings due to high pollution levels. This is especially true in the Baltimore County area where most of the private and public beaches have been closed. Appendix 3 130 Although the Wholesale Trade industry employs only 20.8 per- cent'of the workers in this Sector, the majority of' the sales (about 55 percent in 1972) took place in this category. Whole- sale trade employment increased by 57. 2 percent between 1960- 1970. The important wholesaling centers are located in Balti- more City and the surrounding counties and in Susse 'x and Wicomico Counties where the wholesaling of farm products (especially poultry) is important. The Baltimore SMSA accounted for 90 percent of total whole- sale sales in the Subregion. The most important commodities wholesaled were groceries, metals, minerals, machinery, petroleum and petroleum products, and motor vehicles and automotive equipment. The latter two activities rely heavily on the port facilities of Baltimore. The City is the leading importer of foreign cars in the Country and is an important distributor of these automobiles. The City is also an important distributor of petroleum and petroleum products which are shipped through the C & D Canal from the refineries along the Delaware River and then redistributed to various points in the Bay. The majority of the metal and machinery wholesaled in the Subregion are produced in the Baltimore area. WASHINGTON, D.C. SUBREGION The Wholesale and Retail Trade Sector employed 209,050 workers in 1970 or 37. 0 percent of the total Sector employment in the Estuary Area. The Subregion ranked first in the Bay Region in numbers employed in this Sector. The number of workers increased by 51. 7 percent, significantly higher than both the Regional and National rates. Total wholesale and retail sales in 1972 were $15. 0 billion in the Subregion. The Wholesale and Retail Trade industry employed 15. 7 per- cent of the Subregion's work force in 1970 making it the third leading employer inthe Subregion. About 82. 3 percent of those working in this Sector are engaged in retail trade activities. Employment in this category increased by 46.1 percent during the decade in the Subregion as rising population and income greatly increased the demand for retail services. As was the case inBaltimore, large shopping centers located at convenient places in the suburbs, usually near the Beltway, handle an increasing share of the retail trade business. However, the, large numbers of government employees located in the down- town area has tended to keep retail trade in the city thriving. Appendix 3 131 Important retail centers within the Subregion besides the Dis- trict of Columbia are Arlington, Alexandria, Fairfax City, Falls Church, and Fredericksburg in Virginia. In Maryland, Rockville, Hyattsville, and Laurel are also well-developed retail trade centers. Wholesale Trade activities employed 34, 140 workers in 1970 or 16. 3 percent of the total Sector Workers. The industry accounted for approximately $7. 3 billion worth of sales in 1972, the largest amount of any subregion. The most important goods wholesaled are electrical and non-electrical machinery, motor vehicles, and groceries. Distribution outlets of National and Regional manufacturing firms located in the Subregion to serve the large, high-income population generate a large part of the employment and sales in the Wholesaling category. RICHMOND, VIRGINIA SUBREGION There were 58,438 workers employed in the Wholesale and Retail Trade Sector- in the Richmond Subregion in 1970. The Subregion employed 10. 3 percent of the total Bay Region workers inthis Sector. Employment increased by 25. 5 percent during the 1960-1970 period, with Wholesale Trade having the highest rate of growth. This increase was slightly higher than the National rate but lower than the Regional rate. Total whole- sale and retail sales in the Subregion in 1972 were approxi- mately $5. 1 billion. The Richmond Subregion employed the highest percentage of its workers intheWholesale and Retail Trade Sector (19.4 percent) than any other Subregion. Retail trade employs 75. 3 percent of the workers in this Sector. Over half (53 percent) of the retail goods sold in the entire Subregion were sold in Richmond City. As was the case in Washington, D. C., retail trade in the -City has been stimulated by the concentration of relatively high-income Government workers in the downtown area. Other significant retail trade activity is located in the Richmond sub- urbs and in Petersburg and Hopewell. The Wholesale Trade industry is well-developed in the Rich- mond Subregion. Employment in this category rose by 54. 3 percent during the 1960-1970 decade. The City serves as the major distribution center for groceries and motor vehicles for a large hinterland. The relative importance of manufacturing in the Subregion also makes the distribution of machinery and metals important. Richmond's port facilities also help to make Appendix 3 132 the City a wholesale supplier of petroleum and petroleum prod- ucts. The wholesaling activity for which the Richmond area is most noted for is the auctioning and warehousing of tobacco. NORFOLK-PORTSMOUTH, VIRGINIA SUBREGION There were 73, 946 persons employed in the Wholesale and Retail Trade Sectors in 1970. This number represents 13. 1 percent of total Sector employment in the Estuary Area. Employment in the Sector rose at a modest 24. 3 percent during the 1960-1970 decade. This was just slightly higher than the National increase. There was a total of $4. 3 billion worth of wholesale and retail trade sales in the Subregion in 1972. The Sector was the third largest employer in the Subregion in 1970 accounting for 15. 9 percent of the total Subregion workers. A large proportion of these workers, 82. 3 percent, are engaged in Retail Trade activities. About $2. 3 billion worth of retail business took place in the Subregion in 1972. Retail trade employment increased by 23. 1 percent during the 1960-1970 decade. The relative importance of the Retail Trade is due to the large, contingent of Armed Services which are stationed in the area. The income they receive, although some is spent in PX facil- ities, substantially increases the demand for retail services in the Subregion. Over one-third (35 percent) of the retail sales in the entire Subregion are transacted in Norfolk City. Other significant retail centers are located in Portsmouth, Hampton, and Newport News. There is also s ome im Iportant seasonal retail activity in Virginia Beach City along the ocean beaches and in historic Williamsburg which is a major 'tourist attraction. Significant wholesale trade activities in the Subregion are limited to the distribution of automobiles and groceries. This can be largely attributed to the relative unimportance of manu- facturing activity other than shipbuilding in the Subregion, and the relatively small hinterland for which Norfolk serves as a distribution center. The port facilities at Hampton Roads make the wholesaling of petroleum important. Norfolk also domi- nates wholesale sales activity in the Subregion with almost 46 percent of the total sales. Other important centers for wholesale trade are Newport News, Hampton, Suffolk, Chesa- peake City, Franklin, and Virginia Beach City. Appendix 3 133 WILMINGTON, DELAWARE SMSA In 1970, 35,634 people were employed by the Wholesale and Retail Trade Sector. This equaled 6. 3 percent of the total Sector workers in the Bay Region. Employment increased by 43. 5 percent in the Sector between 1960 and 1970, faster than both the National and Regional rate. Wholesale and Retail Trade totaled almost $3. 6 billion in 1972. The Sector employed 18.1 percent of the Subregion's total work force in 1970. High incomes and high rates of population growth in the Wilmington area have helped to stimulate growth in the retail trade industry which grew 36.4 percent during the 1960- 1970 period. Wilmington is by far the most important retailing center in the area. Newark, Delaware; Elkton, Maryland; and Salem and Penn's Grove, New Jersey, are of lesser importance. Although only 17. 4 percent of the workers are engaged in whole- sale trade activities, about 62 percent of the total Sector sales originated in this industry. The Chemical industry dominated wholesale trade activities in the SMSA in 1970 just as it domi- nated manufacturing activity. The major chemical firms oper- ate sales branches devoted to the wholesaling of their products. Machinery, groceries, and petroleum and petroleum products are also important in the wholesale trade industry. ARMED FORCES The Armed Forces Sector includes persons on active duty with the United States Army, Air Force, Navy, Marine Corpsj or Coast Guard. In 1970, there were 249,403 Armed Forces members stationed within the Estuary Area, representing 7. 6 percentof the total Estuary employment. This was an increase of 18. 3 percent over the number stationed in the Area in 1960. Four out of the five Subregions registered gains in this Sector. Figure 3-20 shows the percentage of total Estuary Area Armed Forces employment by county and independent city. The Cities of Norfolk and Virginia Beach in the Hampton Roads Area and Anne Arundel, Prince Georges, and Fairfax Counties in the Washington, D. C. Regioii contained the largest percentages of military personnel. Appendix 3 134 7 7 Monroe upial a'Fro. Waited DLt ampt n Sit A and 11flin huylk,11 Leh igh 91. Is Barks Bucks f It Dauphin Merce ry Y u, A 6BU FIG banon I cotgomer Cumberland Ph, a - eetphi Ocean york\N .... let Chester or ing it Bedtard Fullo Franklin gelaw B I to 6 PA'_ too, C, cester Cat, f" Atlantic M 112TI016 r 7 Frederick llaftifth*-@ I castle Cumberland In., r I Alarie Cape AQUI Fauquic Rappau Cal D E L s 's qf, , "iF`d! Midi it door 6 "Wiciliniti7i r 1% ura 11 Charlottes, Ie k land Merrill Louisa "aroll e@ V 7 flovarina rag, Accord It land histerl,el 16 chat it am amv Amelia Percentage of Total Estuary Area Arm ed Forces Employment by Prince Edward Price- County I Nottoway Georg Height -Sur less than 1.0 itilistruff mart Lun riburs Susse. 1.0-2.9 Emporia 3.0-5.9 Br onsivick Meckhrrib 6.0-9.9 '@'NC , ' L W] Tm I er(N@ C, Gates It air. 10.0 and greater IT! .11 k\, !1@ a rtie .21 rean Source: U.S. Bureau of Census Census of Pop-1970 General Social & Economic Characterisitics -aid :j Z FIGURE 3-20 Appendix 3 135 On the National level there were approximately 1, 954, 000 members of the Armed Forces stationed within U. S. bound- aries. This represented only 2. 6 percent of the National work force, a substantially lower rate than that for the Estuary Area. Several explanations exist for the proportionately larger num- bers of military personnel in the Region. First, the area contains the U. S. Capital, Washington, D. C. Since earliest times military reservations have developed in the Washington area as a deterrent towards invasions. Second, the Bay and its tributaries provide well-protected, deepwater harbors suit- able for naval bases and related naval operations, especially in the Hampton Roads area which is the location of one of the major naval bases in the United States. The presence of military installations has boosted the economic base of the Estuary. Area. The economic impact of government spending for military installations on local economies may be substantial because of the volume of subcontracting associated with this spending. The Retail, Service, and Construction Sec- tors are also stimulated by the spending of members of the Armed Forces. Although the Armed Forces Sector is rightly considered as predominantly basic, the impact ("multiplier effect") of these activities is somewhat less than those in other basic Sectors because much of the retail trade spending by the military takes place on the installation in military stores. In addition, military housing is. often provided Armed Forces per- sonnel. Nevertheless, the Sector remains extremely important to the Bay Region's economy. In some cases, whole towns or areas are supported by military spending. The Norfolk- Portsmouth SMSA has a higher proportion of its work force in the Arm 'ed Forces (40 percent) than any other SMSA in the United States. Concentrations of large numbers of military personnel in an area obviously increase the demands on the water resources in that area. More water is demanded for drinking as well as for other purposes, and the flow of sewage into the rivers is often greatly increased. Although the level of sewage treat- ment at each military installation usually corresponds with the level of treatment in the surrounding communities, all too often this treatment is inadequate. This is one area where the Fed- eral Government has failed to take the lead in improving water quality. Appendix 3 136 BALTIMORE, MARYLAND SUBREGION The Baltimore Subregion had 35, 383 people in the Armed Forces in 1970, representing a slight increase of 2. 6 percent over the number stationed there in 1960. Of the total number of people within the Estuary Area in the Armed Forces Sector, 14. 2 percent were based in the Baltimore Subregion. Table 3-27 lists the major Federal installations in t-he Estuary Area by Subregion. The large number of installations present is a result of the area being close to Washington., D. C., and the availability of shoreline sites on the Bay and its tributaries. WASHINGTON, D. C. SUBREGION The Washington Subregion had 90, 394 persons in the Armed Forces Sector in 1970. This was the second highest Subregion total and accounted for 36. 2 percent of the total Sector employ- ment in the Estuary Area. The number registered in 1970 represented 6. 8 percent of the total work force. The large number of installations is due to the location of the Nation's Capital in the Subregion and to the availabilty of waterfront sites. RICHMOND, VIRGINIA SUBREGION The Richmond Subregion has relatively few members of the Armed Forces based within its boundaries. Approximately 10,201 people or 3.4 percent of the Subregion's work force were listed in this Sector, representing 4. 1 percent of the total number of Armed Forces within the Estuary Area. Nevertheless, the number stationed here has increased by almost one-third over those based in the Subregion in 1960, making it the highest percent increase of any Subregion within the Estuary Area. Most of the installations in the area are training facilities. Appendix 3 137 TABLE 3-27 FEDERAL MILITARY INSTALLATIONS IN THE ESTUARY AREA BY SUBREGION SUBREGION FEDERAL INSTALLATIONS Baltimore, Md. U. S. Coast Guard Depot (Anne Arundel County) (Subregion 17) U. S. Air Force Transmitter Station (Anne Arundel County) U. S. Military Reservation (Sussex County) U. S. Military Reservation (Northampton County) Cape Charles Air Force Base (Northampton County) United States Naval Academy (Anne Arundel County) Naval Ship Research and Development Center (Anne Arundel County Fort George G. Meade (Anne Arundel County) Aberdeen Proving Grounds (Harford County) Edgewood Arsenal (Harford County) Fort Holabird (Baltimore County) Dover Air Force Base (Kent County) NASA - Wallops Island (Accomack County) Washington, D. C. Naval Testing Center (Calvert County) (Subregion 18) Naval Research Lab (Randall Cliff Beach - Calvert County) National Naval Medical Center (Montgomery County) Naval Ship Research and Development Center (Montgomery County) Naval Ordnance Lab (Montgomery County) U. S. Military Reservation (Globecom, Prince Georges County) Reconnaissance and Technical Support Center (Prince Georges County) Naval Reservation Radio Station (Prince Georges County) Webster Field (Electronic Systems Test and Evaluation Center - St. Mary's County) Cameron Station Military Supply Depot (Alexandria) Battery Cove Military Reservation (Alexandria) Pentagon Navy Annex Arlington Hall Reservation (Signal Corps, Arlington County) Fort Belvoir Military Reservation (Fairfax County) U. S. Naval Reservation (Dahlgren Weapons Lab, King George County) U. S. Military Reservation (Prince William County) Naval Research Lab (D.C.) Bolling Air Force Base (D. C.) Appendix 3 138 TABLE 3-27 (continued) FEDERAL MILITARY INSTALLATIONS IN THE ESTUARY AREA BY SUBREGION SUBREGION FEDERAL INSTALLATIONS Washington, D. C. U. S. Naval Station (D. C. ) (Subregion 18) Washington Navy Yard (D. C.) (c ont d) U. S. Soldiers and Airmen's Home (D. C.) Walter Reed Army Medical Center (D.C.) U.S. Naval Observatory (D.C.) Ft; McNair (D. C.) Naval Communications Annex (D. C.) East Coast Radio Receiving Station (Charles County) Blossom Point Proving Grounds (Charles County) U. S. Naval Ordnance Station (Charles County) Andrews Air Force Base (Prince Georges County) Patuxent Naval Air Test Center (St. Mary's County) Quantico U. S. Marine Reservation (Stafford County) Fort Myer (Arlington County) Richmond, Va. Richmond Veterans Administration Hospital (Subregion 21) Camp Pickett (Dinwiddie County) Fort Lee (Prince George County) Camp A. P. Hill Military Reservation (Caroline County) Defense General Supply Center (Chesterfield County) Norfolk- U. S. Naval Reservation (Fentress Landing Field, Portsmouth, Va. Chesapeake) (Subregion 22) U. S. Military Reservation (Isle of Wight) U. S. Military Reservation. (Newport News) Big Bethel Reservation (Newport News) Craney Island Disposal Area (Portsmouth) U. S. Naval Transmitter Station (Suffolk) Dam Neck Naval Base ( Virginia Beach) Coast Guard Communication Station (Virginia Beach) U.S. Military Reservation (Plum Tree Island Bombing Range, York County) Naval Supply Center (York County) Cheatham Annex Naval Supply Depot (York County) Yorktown Naval Weapons Station (York County) Camp Pendleton (Virginia Beach) Fort Eustis (Newport News) Oceana Naval Air Station (Virginia Beach) Fort Story (Virginia Beach) U. S. Naval Amphibious Base (Virginia Beach) Langley Air Force Base (Hampton) Fort Monroe (Hampton) Appendix 3 139 TABLE 3-27 (continued) FEDERAL MILITARY INSTALLATIONS IN THE ESTUARY AREA BY SUBREGION SUBREGION FEDERAL INSTALLATIONS Norfolk- Camp Wallace (James City County) Portsmouth, Va. Camp Peary (York County) (Subregion 22) U. S. Naval Weapons Stations (York County) (cont I d) U. S. Naval Shipyard (Portsmouth) Wilmington SMSA Perry Point Veterans Administration Hospital (Cecil County) U. S. Reservation (Veazy Cove, Cecil County) U. S. Reservation (C & D Canal, Cecil County) C & D Disposal Area (Sassafras River, Cecil County) C & D Disposal Area (Elk River near Port Herman, Cecil County) C & D Disposal Area (West View Shores, Cecil County) Appendix 3 140 NORFOLK-PORTSMOUTH, VIRGINIA SUBREGION Thl- Norfolk- Port sm outh Subregion provided employment for 108, 959 people in the Armed Forces in 1970. This amounted Lo 43. 7 percent of all the Armed Forces personnel in the Bay Region. Almost one in every four members of the work force (23. 5 percent) was in the Armed Forces. Several factors are responsible for the presence of this large number of military personnel. The existence of marry excellent shoreline sites, as well as the area's proximity to the ocean, ha's been largely responsible for the location of several large Naval bases. The area has also developed a large shipbuilding industry which has complemented naval operations (and vice versa). WILMINGTON, DELAWARE SMSA There were 4, 466 Armed Forces personnel based in the Wil- mington Subregion in 1970 representing about 2. 3 percent of the I -he area s work force. Of all those employed in this Sector in 41. Estuary Area, only 1. 8 percent were located in this Subregiori. This was the only Subregion which has a smaller percentage of its work force engaged in the Armed Forces than the United States as a whole. Two of thethree counties of the Wilmincrton Subregion contained ID no military installations. Only Cecil County, Maryland, main- tained installations, one at Bainbridge (U. S. Naval Training Center) and the other at. Perryville (Perryvine Veterans Administration Hospital). Appendix 3 141 TRANSPORTATION, COMMUNICATIONS, A D PUBLIC UTILITIES The Transportation, Communications, and Public Utilities Sector includes employment in the following activities: a. Railroad transportation (SIC 40); b. Local and suburban transit and interurban highway pas- senger transportation (SIC 41); c. Motor freight transportation and warehousing (SIC 42); d. Water transportation (SIC 44); e. Transportation by air (SIC 45) f. Pipelines, except natural gas (SIC 46); g. Transportation services (SIC 47); h. Communication (SIC 48); i. Electric, gas, and sanitary services (SIC 49). There were 204,412 people employed in this Sector in 1970. This amounted to 6.2 percent of the Region's work force, just slightly lower than the National proportion. Employment in this Sector grew by 20. 3 percent during the 1960-1970 decade, also higher than the National figure. Table 3-28 presents infor- mation on employment by Subregion in this Sector. Historically, the economic development of the Estuary Area has been largely based on the natural transportation and com- munications network provided by the Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries. Transportation and communications systems have become increasingly complex since colonial times when 500 ton sailing ships with 10 to 15 foot drafts plied the Bay and when messages were sent between towns by horse or by boat. How- ever, water-based transportation has remained extremely important to the Bay Region's economy. A total of approx- imately 150 million short tons of cargo was shipped on the Chesapeake Bay during 1970. Most of this freight (81. 8 per-. cent) passed through the ports of Baltimore (51 million short tons) or Hampton Roads (71 million 'short tons). About 70 per- cent of the total freight traffic in these two ports is foreign in origin or destination. Baltimore is basically an importing port. The major commodities (on a weight basis) coming into Balti- more are iron, copper, aluminum, manganese, and other non- ferrous ores and concentrates, iron products, petroleum and petroleum products, limestone, lumber, sugar, salt, motor vehicles and motor vehicle parts, and equipment. Baltimore leads the Nation in the importing of automobiles and ranks second in iron ore and concentrates. Hampton Roads, on the Appendix 3 142 TABLE 3-28 EMPLOYMENT IN THE TRANSPORTATION, COMMUNICATIONS AND PUBLIC UTILITIES SECTOR BY SUBREGION, 1970 Railroads and Railway Other Utilities and Express Trucking Trans- Communi- Sanitary Subregion Services Services portation cation Services Total Baltimore, Maryland 8,252 14041 14,876 12,781 17,336 67,386 Percent of Total 12.2 21.0 22.1 19.0 25.7 10010 Washington, D. C. 3,974 9,213 21,541 23,868 20,506 79,102 Percent of Total 5.0 11,6 27.2 30,2 25.9 100.0 Richmond, Virginia 3,180 5,009 3,176 5,162 4,646 21,173 Percent of Total 15.0 23.7 15.0 24.4 21.9 100.0 Norfolk-Portsmouth, Virginia 3,695 3,728 8,053 4,172 5,634 25,282 Percent of Total 14.6 14.7 31.9 16.5 22.3 100.0 Wilmington, Delaware SMSA 1,933 2,349 2,485 1,730 2,972 11,469 Percent of Total 16.9 20.5 21.7 15.1 25.9 1-00.0 Total Estuary Area 21,034 34,440 50,131 47,713 51,094 204,412 Percent of Total 10.3 16.8 24.5 23.3 25.0 100.0 Source: U. S. Census of Population: 1970, General Social and Economic Characteristics (D other hand, is an export -oriented port. Well over half (65 per- cent) of the total freight tonnage passing through the port of Hampton 'Roads in 1970 was coal and lignite to be exported. Hampton Roads leads the Nation in this category. The port's location in relation to the coal-rich Central Appalachians gives the port a locational advantage over the other East Coast ports in the coal exporting business. Hampton Roads also conducts important trade in the exporting of corn, wheat, soybeans, tobacco leaf, and grain mill products. The individual activities in the physical operation of a port such as Baltimore or Hampton Roads takes relatively few people. However, there are many support activities. Workers are needed to load and unload goods and passengers, dredge the channels, supply tugboat and towing services, perform salvag- ing operations, repair and maintain piers and docks, and per- form a host of other activities. The real impact of water transportation on the Estuary Area's economy is the industry which it attracts to the Region. Three different types of industries are attracted to the Area by the Bay's excellent port facilities. The first is the industries which locate at deepwater sites because of their need for raw materials which are most inexpensively transported by water. Examples of such firms in the Bay Region are Bethlehem Steel, American Smelting and Refining, American Cement, and many of' the chemical firms which are located along the waterfront. The second aroup of industries locates near the water primarily to obtain deepwater access for the shipment of final products. The Western Electric Company ships many electric goods, particularly cable, through the Port of Baltimore. The last group of industries locates near the water because of the nature of their product. Shipbuilding activities in the Hampton Roads area is a good example of this type of industry. As an example of the economic importance of the Bay Region's port facilities, the Maryland Port Authority estimated in 1968 that the activ- ities of the Port of Baltimore provided jobs, directly or indirectly, for more than half of the people working in the State of Maryland. Although Baltimore and Hampton Roads contain the only major international deepwater ports in the Estuary Area, there is a good deal of barge traffic in the harbo:rs of less important ports in the Bay Region. These ports include Washington, D. G. (including Alexandria, Virginia), Richmond, Hopewell, and Petersburg, Virginia, along with Piney Point, Annapolis, Salisbury, and Cambridge, Maryland. The major commodities shipped through these ports are petroleum and petroleum prod- ucts, construction materials, and seafood. Appendix 3 144 There are many well-publicized conflicts between water (Tiality in the Chesapeake Bay Region and the Area's water-transpor- tation requirements. The ever increasing size of today's oceangoing ships (up to 60, 000 tons with 40-foot drafts in the Bay) has made it necessary to deepen the Bay's ship channels to accommodate these vessels. However, the environmental effects of dredging and spoil disposal operations are not always clear and controversy often arises. For example, a proposed deepening of the James River channel to 35 feet from its present depth of 25 feet (only about 10 percent of the world's oceangoing vessels can navigate a 25 foot channel) was held-u"p until the effects of the dredging on the large oyster beds in the James could be determined. A hydraulic model of the James River was built to determine the environmental impact. The dredging of the Baltimore Harbor has also been held-up for several years because of problems with spoil disposal. The material dredged from the Baltimore Harbor is laden with heavy metals, noxious chemicals, and sewage. Consequently, the disposal site must be carefully selected to keep environ- mental damage and aesthetic degradation to a minimum. Still another corZlict between environmental considerations and channel maintenance and improvement operations occurred at the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal project. Since the Dela- ware Bay is slightly lower than the Chesapeake, large quan- tities of freshwater from the Susquehanna are diverted'through the Canal and into the Delaware River system. The deepening of the Canal from 27 to 35 feet has tremendously increased (by over 2 times) the outflow of freshwater from the Chesapeake causing salin;ty changes throughout the Bay system and possibly damaging oysters, clams, and other kinds of wildlife which are sensitive to changes in salinity. In addition to the problems mentioned above, ship discharges of oil, garbage, sewage, and other wastes into the Bay are a growing problem. In 1970 approximately 1. 5 --million gallons of oil were spilled into the Bay in numerous separate incidents. The untreated sewage dumped into the Bay by both commercial and pleasure vessels is equal tothe waste from a city of 20, 000 people. With the advent of the supertanker and the environ- mental and navigation problems associated with their use, the conflicts between advocates of environmental quality and those of economic efficiency are sure to intensify. Hydraulic models such as the one planned as part of the Chesapeake Bay Study can do a large part in resolving these problems. A good land-based transportation system based on rail and truck service is an integral part of every major port. Such a system enables raw materials from the hinterland, such as coal and grain, to be transported into the major ports for Appendix 3 145 export overseas. Goods coming into the Region by water, such as foreign automobiles, are transported by rail and truck to all parts of the country. Over a half of the employment in the Transportation Sector is accounted for by the Railroad and Trucking industries. Unfor- tunately, there is little data available on types of commodities shipped by rail or truck between production areas. We can only make some broad generalizations about the relative importance of the Railroad and Trucking industries in the Bay Region from the data that is available. In addition to port-related activities, manufacturers throughout the Bay Region use rail and truck services to transport raw materials and finished goods. Of the approximately 12. 0 mil- lion tons of goods shipped by firms in the Baltimore SMSA in 1967, about 63 percent were transported by trucks and about 34 percent by rail. Trucking is also very important on the Eastern Shore where fruits, vegetables, and poultry grown in the area are trucked to processing centers on the Eastern and Western Shores. There has historically been a great deal of interdependence between these three basic modes of transportation. These rela- tionships are emphasized by the trend toward containerization in the major world ports. Containers are truck-sized shipping boxes,which, once packed and sealed, can be mounted directly on a truck chassis or a railroad flatcar for fast and efficient handling to and from a seaport terminal. Special-ly designed cranes can load a container ship in less than eight hours; it takes men five or six days to load an ordinary cargo ship. Both Baltimore and Hampton Roads are making large invest- ments in facilities which will handle container traffic. The two ports are competing for the second position (behind New York City) in container traffic on the East Coast. If one or both of these Bay ports can capture a large share of the con- tainer traffic, all phases of the transportation industry in the Estuary Area will be stimulated. Transportation by air is also an important activity in the Bay Region. The industrial and commercial prominence of Balti- more and the political importance of Washington, D.C., help to create a high demand for this form of travel. There are two major international airports in the Baltimore -Washington area, Baltimore -Washington Interna 'tional Airport in Baltimore and. Dulles International Airport just west of Washington. The major national airlines also serve Wilmington, Salisbury, Nor- folk, Newport News, and Richmond. In addition, 'the relatively flat terrain of the Estuary Area makes possible the existence of numerous small municipal airports throughout the Area. Appendix 3 146 The telephone industry employs the'majority of the workers in the Communications category although rrarnerous television and radio stations also employ significant numbers ofworkers. The number of telephone calls per capita are often used to help measure the social and economic development of a region. The Estuary Area has a high rating in both of these indexes. The WashingtonSubregion has anunusually large number of workers in this industry due to the city's function as the Nation's capitol and as an international news center. All the major National .radio and television broadcasting companies have offices in the Washington area. The Public Utilities industry has obvious importance in the water resource planning process. Water-related activities in this category include its preparation for drinking, its use for the disposal and treatment of sewage, and its use for cooling purposes by power generating plants. The discharge of ever increasing volumes of both municipally and industrially treated sewage has received much attention over the years and, in fact, is expected to continue to cause some problems in the more populated areas of the Bay in the near future. Thermal pollution, however, has been receiving more and more atten- tion over recent years, especially in relation to electric power generation. Since about 65 percent of the energy consumed in generating electricity is rejected at the plant site, the water used for cooling is returned to the Bay system at a higher temperature than the surrounding waters. It is still not clear what effects this heating will have on the ecology of the Estuary. The Chesapeake Bay is fortunate in that about otie-third of the electricity used in the Bay Region is generated in the Appalachian coal fields and transported into the major urban areas by cable. As a result, the Bay does not have to handle what might be called its "fair share" of thermal discharge. Nuclear power plants compound the thermal pollution problem since they discharge up to 50 percent more waste heat for each unit of electricity produced. Nuclear technology also creates strong incentives to build larger plants with higher demands for cooling water. For example, the Calvert Cliffs plant in Calvert County, Maryland uses and returns 5, 000 cubic feet of heated water/second (cfs) compared to an annual aver- age inflow of about 40, 000 cfs for the Susquehanna River (the Bay's largest tributary in terms of inflow), approximately 14, 000 efs for the Potomac, and a total of about 4, 000 cfs for all the rivers on the Eastern Shore of Maryland. There are presently two nuclear power plants in the construc- tion stage in 'the Estuary Area. These include the Calvert Cliffs plant operated by the Baltimore Gas and Electric, Com- pany in Calvert County, Ma-ryland, and the Virginia Electric Appendix 3 147 and Power Company's North Anna facility located on the Nozrth Anna River about 24 miles from Fredericksburg, Virginia. The first nuclear steam plant in the Chesapeake Bay market was completed in 1972 and is located in Surry, Virginia. This plant, which has a capacity of 848 megawatts, is operated by the Virginia Electric and Power Company. SERVICES The Service Sector includes establishments primarily engaged in rendering a wide variety of services to individuals and busi- ness establishments. Specifically, such services include: a. Hotels, rooming houses, camps., and other lodging places (SIC 70); b' Personal services (SIC 72); c: Business services (ST C 7 3); J_ d . Autornotive repair services, and garages (SIC 75); e. Miscellaneous repair services (SIC 76); f. Motion pictures (SIC 78); g. Amusement' and recreation services, except -notion pic- tures (SIC 7 9); h . Health services (SIC 80); i. Legal services (SIC 81); j. Educational services .(ST.C 82); k. Social services (SIC 83); 1. Museums, art galleries, botanical, and zoological gar- dens (SIC 84); m. Membership organizations (SIC 86); n. Private households (SIC 88); .o. Miscellaneous services (SIC 89). In 1970, the Service Sector provided 859, 332 jobs for workers in the Estuary Area, the highest of any Sector. This accounted for approximately 26 percent of the total work force and repre- sented an increase of 53 percent over the number employed in 1960. On the National level., services made up 25 percent of the total U. S. employment. In addition, National employment in Services increased by a smaller percentage (38 percent) between 1960-1970 than did employment in the Chesapeake Bay Region. Appendix 3 148 There is a definite correlation between the size and income of a population and the number and kinds of services demanded. Although only a relatively small percentage of a population may demand a certain service, this small percentage can become a significant market in large concentrations of people. There are literally hundreds of examples of these kinds of services including golf courses, bowling alleys, theaters, automobile rentals, and museums. Higher income groups may demand more recreational facilities, medical, legal, and educational services, as well as certain domestic s ervices. Again, a list of the types of services- which could develop in high income areas would be extremely long and varied. In addition, such factors as types of commercial activities and proximity to recreational areas and tourist attractions can also determine the proportion of a region's work force engaged in service activities. The'Chesapeake Bay's land and water resources allow for the development of certain "regionally -unique" entertainment and recreation services which help to expand the Service Sector in the Estuary Area. These include such things as bathing beaches, Pleasure boat rentals, party fishing boats, and the operation of beach and yacht clubs. These types of activities can be considered basic in many local economies in the Bay Region. As Table 3-29 illustrates, educational, health, and professional services were the largest single employers in the Service Sec- tor. Educational services alone accounted for about 28 percent of total Sector employment. Health and professional services accounted for 19 and 13 percents, respectively, of the total Service workers. The Washington, D. C. Subregion contains almost half (46 per- cent) of the total Service workers in the Estuary Area although only about 38 percent of the Area's population resided there. The influence of a large Federal government sector in the Capital area is evident in the types of services which are pre- dominant inthe Subregion. About 60 percent of the Bay Region's employees in the professional services and approximately 46 percent in the Area's miscellaneous services (including busi- ness and research services) are in the Washington Subregion. The location in the National Capital area of the headquarters of many non-profit organizations is reflected in the large num- bers of workers in the non-profit organizations category. Both the Washington and Baltimore Subregions also have large numbers of workers employed in health and educational serv- ices. The University of Maryland is the largest university in the Estuary Area with over 30, 000 students. Johns Hopkins Appendix 3 149 10 TABLE 3@29 0 @2- NUMBER OF PEOPLE EMPLOYED IN VARIOUS SERVICES IN THE ESTUARY AREA BY SUBREGION Non-profit Professional Miscellaneous Subregion Entertainment Health Educational Organizations Services Services Baltimore, Md. 8,004 57,167 71,434 13,359 25,357 69,362 (Subregion 17) Washington, D. C. 10,625 64,129 107,533 30,854 64,994 117,689 (Subregion 18) Richmond, Va. 1,817 17,442 21,900 4,757 6,323 23,595 (Subregion 21) Norfolk- Portsmouth, Va. 2,779 18,435 27,786 5,524 7,736 31,302 (Subregion 22) Wi .lmington, Del. 1,251 9,764 16,070 2,744 4,496 15,104 SMSA Total Estuary Area 24,476 166,937 244,723 57,238 108,906 257,052 Source: U. S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population: 1970, General Social and Economic Characteristics University, George Washington University, American Univer- sity, Howard University, the University of Baltimore, and the United States Naval Academy are also important centers of higher education in the Bay Region. Johns Hopkins University, Georgetown University, and the Uni- versity of Maryland carry on important medical research pro- grams. In addition, the National Institute of Health and several other Federal agencies are also engaged in medical research in the Washington area. There are also numerous military hospitals employing significant numbers of medical personnel scattered throughout the Bay Region (see the Armed Forces Sector in this chapter for a listing of these hospitals). The miscellaneous services category employed the highest pro- .portion of Service workers in the Richmond Subregion. These activities (especially business services) are attracted to the area because of the location of the State Capital in Richmond. In addition, 23 percent.of the Service workers in this Subregion are involved in health services. The Richmond Veterans Administration Hospital is a major employer in this category. The Service Sector comprises only 20. 1 percent of the total employment in the Norfolk -Portsmouth Subregion. This figure is significantly less than the figure of 26. 1 percent for the total Estuary Area. This is, in part, an indication of the effects'of income on the development of the Service Sector of a region. As pointed out in Chapter III of this appendix, the per capita income of the Norfolk -Portsmouth Subregion is by far the lowest of any Subregion in the Estuary Area. The area's figure of $3., 084 per person in 1969 amounted to about 16 per- -cent less than the figure for the Estuary Area as a whole. In addition, a large Armed Forces population in a region will usually result in a proportionately smaller Service Sector since many services are supplied to the military pers6nnel right on base. Activities in the Service Sector have.little impact on the water resources of the Bay Region and will not be discussed in any more detail. However, since more than one of every four workers in the Bay Region is engaged in a Service activity, almost any water resource project will have some effects (directly or indirectly) on the Service Sector. These effects should be taken into account during any evaluation of a project. Appendix 3 151 FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE This Sector includes banking, credit agencies, security and commodity brokers, dealers, exchanges, and services (SIC codes 60, 61, and 62) along with insurance (SIC 63 and 64), real estate (SIC 65) and other financial activities (SIC 66 and 67). There were 157, 974 people employed in the Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate Sector in 1970. This amounted to 4. 8 percent of the total Estuary Area work force, slightly lower than the National figure of 4. 9 percent. Employment in the Sector grew at a rate (47. 8 percent) which was considerably higher than the National rate. There are two basic sources of employment in the Finance category of this Sector in the Estuary Area. The first source includes such "normal" activities as work in savings banks, trust companies, credit agencies, security brokers, holding companies, and other types of investment companies. These activities obviously depend on the availability of money and are consequently attracted to the higher income areas in the Bay Region. There is a surprising lack of large commercial banks in the Bay Region considering the relatively high levels of income and population density. In fact, of the fifty largest commercial banks (in terms of total assets) in the United States, none are headquartered in the Estuary Area. A major reason for this situation is that many of the large corporations in the area are owned and operated by interests outside the Bay Region. As a result, many of the earnings of these firms are, deposited in banks in other regions. Another-major source of employment in this Sector is the National and international financial activities which take place in the Washington, D.C. area. The city serves as the head- quarters for the United States Treasury, the Department of Housing and -Urban Development with its numerous agencies dealing with mortgages and loans, the Federal Housing Admin- istration, and the Small Business Administration. In addition, there are several international development organizations also located in the area such as the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and the Agency for International Development. Since important decisions affecting the entire National financial community often originate in Washington, most of the Nation's major banks have offices in the Capital area. Richmond also Appendix 3 152 has significant numbers of workers employed in these types of activities due to the City's function as a center of operations for one of the Nation's 12 Federal Reserve Districts. In addition, the city of Baltimore has developed an important business designed to handle the international banking services required by a major port dealing in foreign trade. All of the major banks inthe Baltimore area have international branches. However, financial interests in New York City still control a large part of the international financial activities transacted in the Bay Region. The insurance industry is also an important employer in the Estuary Area. Washington, D. C. contains the headquarters for the many Federal agencies involved in insurance programs administered by the Federal government. The Federal Home Loan Bank Board, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, and others play major roles in the functioning of the National money market. In addition, two of the 50 largest life insur- ance companies (Life Insurance of Virginia in Richmond and Acacia Mutual in Washington) are headquartered in the Estuary Area. The City of Richmond, Virginia, acts as a regional center for the insurance industry, serving large parts of the South Atlantic region. The real estate industry also thrives in high-income, high- population growth areas such as the Estuary Area. There were over 584, 000 new housing units built in the Bay Region during the 1960-1970 period. An important part of this activity involved the construction and sale of vacation homes,* town- houses, and condominiums throughout the Bay Region but especially along the Western Shore and the Atlantic coast. In many cases, real estate developers have filled in valuable wet- lands and carried on environmentally damaging dredging opera - tions in an effort to increase the price of their waterfront properties. Recent laws passed by Maryland and Virginia attempt to control the destruction of wetlands by developers and other commercial or industrial interests. Since the actual activities of the Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate Sector have no direct impact on the water resources of the Bay Region, this Sector will not be discussed in any more detail. Appendix 3 153 SUMMARY The Manufacturing Sector is probably the most important Sector in the EstuaryArea with respect to the water resource planning process. Navigation channels in the Chesapeake Bay are used by manyArea Manufacturers as a means of shipping raw mater- ials to their factories or final products to market. In addition, many Manufacturing firms use water in their production proc- ess, usually for cleaning or cooling purposes. This water is periodically returned to the Bay system either untreated or only partially treated. The Estuary Area is fortunate, from a water quality standpoint', that its economy has a relatively low level of Manufacturing activity when compared to the Nation or the coastal Northeastern States. .. Only 15. 9 percent of the total number of workers in Ithe Estuary Area were engaged in Manu- facturing in 1970. The National figure is 25. 3 percent. In addition, the Manufacturing industries which do exist in the Bay Region do not have high rates of water-usage. Of the five major water-using industries in the United States, only the Chemical industry and the Food industry have a higher propor- tion of workers employed in the Bay Region than in the United States as a whole. Problems related to oil spills and the discharge of untreated industrial wastes can and have developed in certain areas of the Bay where Manufacturing activity is concentrated. Most of the Manufacturing activity is concentrated in the Baltimore and Wilminarton Subregions. Sector employment is located in the Baltimore or Wilminlaton SMSA's. Other concentrations are located in t-he Washington and Richmond SMSA's and in the Hampton Roads area. Employment in the Chemical and Metal industries is centered around Baltimore, Wilmington, and Richmond. Food and Kindred Products employment is concen- trated on the Eastern Shore, in the Washington SMSA, and in Norfolk. Other significant concentrations of Manufacturing within the Estuary Area are: Printing and Publishing and the two Machinery categories in the Washington Subregion, Trans- portation Equipment in the Norfolk- Portsmouth Subregion, and Chemicals, and Tobacco processing in the Richmond Subregion. The Public Administration Sector ranks fourth in total employ- ment in the Estuary Area. However, for several reasons this industry is far more important to the Region's economy than these employment figures 'indicate. First, high, steady pay- checks in this Sector help to stimulate other Sectors of the economy. Second, the Federal portion of the Public Appendix 3 154 Administration Sector can be thought of as "basic" since it exports its "products" (public services) to the entire Nation. In 1970, Public Administration accounted for about 14 percent of the total employment in the Estuary Area as compared to a National figure of approximately 6 percent. Almost 66 percent of the workers in the Sector are located in the Washington, D. C. Subregion. Other concentrations of workers are located in the Richmond, Virginia, vicinity, throughout much of the Baltimore, Maryland SMSA, and in the major 'urban areas of the Norfolk -Portsmouth Subregion. Three state capitals (Annapolis, Richmond, and Dover) are located in the Estuary Area. The Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries Sector employed a surprisingly low percentage 0. 6 percent) of the total workers in the Estuary Area. Most of these workers (68 percent) were engaged in Agriculture. Poultry and Poultry Products sold provided the greatest income for the Area, followed by Dairy Products and Vegetables which ranked second and third respec- tively. Wicomico and Worcester Counties, Maryland, and Sussex County, Delaware, had the highest value of Agricultural products sold. Even though the Agricultural Sector is not of any great signifi- cance in terms of numbers employed, it has a great deal of impact on the water resource planning process. Poor farming techniques have resulted in extensive erosion and siltation of many of the Bay's waterways. Runoff from fields which have been sprayed with chemical fertilizers add large amounts of nutrients to the waterways. This can cause a tremendous build-up in the amounts of algae and other vegetation in the water thereby decreasing the amounts of oxygen and possibly causing fish kills. In addition, the indiscriminant use of insecticides annually causes tremendous damage to fish and wildlife (as well as human) populations in the Estuary Area. The Con struction Sector was provided an important stimulus during the 1960-1970 period by the tremendous influx of new people into the Bay Region. There was a net increase of over one-half million housing units in the Region during this time. As might be expected, housing construction activity in the Estuary Area was generally concentrated in those counties which experienced the highest gains in population. The Wash- ington Subregion alone accounted for about 53 percent of the total increase in housing units. The Baltimore Subregion accounted for an additional 23 percent. Increases in business and commercial activities in the Estuary Area helped to create a boom in the construction of new office Appendix 3 155 buildings during the Sixties. The construction of the Estuary Area's portion of the Interstate Highway System and the improvement of many other highways, roads, and bridges also provided a significant number of jobs during the decade. Construction activities have a great deal of impact on the water resources of the Bay Region. Much of the disturbed soil on construction sites erodes and becomes sediment in streams and rivers. This silt can damage fish and wildlife populations, clog navigation channels, increase the costs of treatment for city and industrial water supplies, make water recreation less enjoyable, and generally lower the aesthetic quality of a water- way. In addition, the indiscriminant cutting of trees, paving of land, and the destruction of wetlands during construction activities greatly increases the runoff from a given rainfall which, in turn, increases the frequency and severity of floods. Unfortunately, the areas in the Bay Region with the most con- struction activity are the same areas in which there are already significant industrial and residential strains on the Bay's resources. The MiningSector is another category which has important implications for the water resources planning process although there were relatively few workers employed in this Sector. Most of the commodities mined in the Bay Region are used as building materials for local construction projects. As a result, the demand for these materials (sand, gravel, stone, and clay) has increased right along with the tremendous increases in construction activity throughout the Bay Region. A major part of the sand and gravel produced in the Bay Region is extracted from river bottorns by dredging operations. These operations can cause damage to finfish and shellfish populations due to the clouding and silting of waterways in the area of the dredging. The operation of quarries, the major method of extracting stone and clay in the Bay Region, can also cause environmental problems associated with erosion, acid mine drainage, and aesthetics. Wholesale and Retail Trade activities employed just over 17 percent of the total workers in the Estuary Area. About 81 percent of these workers were engaged in Retail Trade. The relatively high incomes prevailing in the Bay Region are a major reason for the well-developed Retail Trade industry. The existence of modern highway systems around the major cities along with the movement of many higher-income families out of the city has led to the establishment of large shopping centers inthe suburban counties. These counties have captured an increasing share of the retail sales in the Bay Region during the last several decades. The Washington, D.C., and Balti- more, Maryland, SMSA's contain the bulk (about 65 percent) Appendix 3 156 of the retail trade business in the Region with about $7. 6 billion and $4. 7 billion worth of sales in 1972. Other important retail centers are located in Richmond City, Wilmington, and in the Hampton Roads area of Virginia. Wholesale trade in an area will often revolve around goods- (manufactured or agricultural) which are produced in that area. For example, Baltimore specializes in the wholesaling of metal and metal products, Wilmington in drugs and chem- icals, and Richmond in raw farm products (including tobacco auctioning and warehousing). Since the producing Sectors of the EstuaryAreals economy are relatively small, the wholesale trade industry is not particularly well-developed in the Bay Region. The major SMSA's of the Study Area control the bulk of the wholesale business with about 94 percent of the total 1972 wholesale sales in the Bay Region. The approximately quarter of a million Armed Forces person- nel stationed in the Bay Region in 1970 represented almost 8 percent of the total Estuary Area employment. This percent- age was significantly higher than the National figure of approx- imately 2. 6 percent. There are several reasons for the large numbers of military personnel in the Region. First, military bases tend to be concentrated in the vicinity of the National Capital as a defense against invasion. Second, the Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries provide well-protected, deepwater har- bors suitable for naval bases and related naval operations. Approximately 44 percent of all the Armed Forces personnel in the Bay Region are stationed in the Norfolk- Portsmouth Sub- region. Slightly over six percent of the Region's work force was employed in the Transportation, Communications, and Public Utilities Sector. The economic development of the Estuary Area has been largely based on the natural transportation net- work provided by the Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries. A total of about 150 million short tons of cargo was shipped on the Chesapeake Bay during 1970. Most of this freight (81. 8 percent) passed through the ports of Baltimore (51 million short tons) or Hampton Roads (71 million short tons). Hampton Roads leads the Nation in the exporting of coal and lignite. Baltimore leads the country in the importing of automobiles and ranks second in iron ore and concentrates. The most important impact of water transportation on the Estuary Area's economy is the industry which it attracts to the Region. The Maryland Port Authority estimated that the activities of the Port of Baltimore provided jobs, directly or indirectly, for more than half of the people working in the State of Maryland. Appe ndix 3 157 The ever increasina size of today's oceangoing ships make it necessary to deepen the Bay's channels to accommodate these vessels. However, the environmental effects of dredging and spoil disposal operations are not always clear and controversy often arises. A hydraulic model such as the one planned as .part of the Chesapeake Bay Study can do a large part in finding solutions to these problems. In addition to these port-related transportation activities, manufacturers throughout the Bay Region use rail and truck services to transport raw materials and finished goods. Over a half of the employment in the Transportation Sector is accounted for by the Railroad and Trucking industries. His - torically there has been a great deal of interdependence between t-he threebasic modes of transportation: rail, truck, and-water. These relationships have been emphasized by the trend toward containerization in the major world ports. Both Baltimore and HamptonRoads are makinglarge investments in facilities which will handle container traffic. The two ports are competing for the second position (behind New York City) in container traffic oil the East Coast of the United States. The Public Utilities industry has obvious importance in the water resource planning process. Water-related activities in this category include its preparation for drinking, its use for the disposal and treatment of sewage, a 'nd its use for cooling purposes by power generating plants. Overloaded sewage treatment plants can contribute many gallons of pollutants to the Bay system. Thermal pollution, especially in relation to electric power generation, has recently come intothe spotlight.. It is still not clear what effects this heating will have on the ecology of the Estuary. Nuclear power plants compound the thermal pollution problem since they discharge up to 50 percent more waste heat for each unit of electricity produced. Nuclear technology also creates strong incentives to build large plants with high demands for cooling water. For example, the Calvert Cliffs, Maryland, plant will use and return 5, 000 cubic feet of heated water/second to the Day system, more than the aver- age annual inflow (in cfs) of all the rivers on the Eastern Shore of Maryland. There are presently three nuclear power plants in the construction stage in the Estuary Area with between 10 and 20 additional nuclear plants planned for the Area during the next 20 years. In 1970, the Service Sector provided more jobs for Bay Region workers than any other Sector. About one of every four workers was employed in some Service activity. Miscellaneous services (e.g., business, repair, research, and private household servic .es), educational services, andhealth serviceswere the most important categories in terms of employment in the Bay Region. Appendix 3 158 The Washington, D. C. Subregion contains almost half (46 per- cent) of the total Service workers in the Estuary Area although only about 38 percent of the Area's population resided there. In addition, about 60 percent of the Bay Region's employees in 'Che professional services and approximately 46 percent in the Area's miscellaneous services are locatedinthe Washington Subregion. Both the Washington and Baltimore Subregions have large num- bers of workers employed in health and educational services. The University of Maryland is the largest university in the Estuary Area with over 30, 000 students. Johns Hopkins Uni- versity, George Washington University, American University, Howard University, the University of Baltimore, and the United States Naval Academy are also important centers of higher education in the Bay Region. The Norfolk -Portsmouth Subregion has the lowest percentage of workers employed in the Service Sector. This was largely due to the relatively low income levels prevailing in that area and to the large numbers of military personnel in the Subregion. Many of the services demanded by military personnel are sup- plied "on base" rather than in the local economy. There are two basic sources of employment in the Finance category of the Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate Sector. The first source includes such "normal" activities as work in savings banks, trust companies, . credit agencies, security brokerages, holding companies, and other types of investment companies. These activities obviously depend on the availability of money and are consequently attracted to the higher-income areas of the Bay Region. A second major source of employ- ment in this category is the National and international financial activities centered in the Washington, D. C. area. Since impor - tant decisions affecting the entire National financial community often originate inWashington, most of the Nation's major banks have offices in the Capital area. The insurance industry is also an important employer in the Estuary Area. Washington, D. C. contains the headquarters for the many Federal agencies involved in insurance programs administered by the Federal government. The City of Rich- Mond, Virginia, acts as a regional center for the insurance industry, serving large parts of the South Atlantic region. The Real Estate industry thrives in high-income, high popula- tion growth areas such as the Estuary Area. An important part of the Real Estate activity in the Region involved the sale V OU4- O.L vacation ho-r-nes, townhouses, and condominiums through L. the Bay Region but especially along the Western Shore and the Atlantic Coast. Appendix 3 159 REFERENCES Department of the Army, Baltimore District, Corps of Engin- eers, Baltimore Harbor and Channels- Review Report, June 1969. Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Waterborne Commerce of the United States, 1970, "Part 1: Waterway-s and Rarbors, Atlantic Coast, ksburg, Mississippi, 1971. Gottschalk, L. D., "Effects of. Soil Erosion on Navigation in Upper Chesapeake Bay, " Geographical Review, 35 (1945), pp. 319-338. Hammer, Greene.. Siler Associates, The Economy of Metro- politan Washington, Washington, D.C., 1969. Isard, Walter, Methods of Regional Analysis: An Introduction to Regional Science, TE-e-M. I. T. Press, 196 0. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, "Symposium - Science and the Environment (Il): _TFe__F_a7e of the Chesa- peake Bay, " Vol. 62, No. 2, June, 1972. Maryland Division of Economic Development, Maryland Manu- facturers, 1971-1972, State Office Building, Annapolis', Maryla-nU, 1971. Maryland State Department of Transportation, "Concerning Containers in the Port of Baltimore, " August, 1971. National Planning Association, Economic Base Study, Chesa- peake Bay Drainage Basins, Washington, D.C., May, 19697. Perloff, Harvey S. with Vera W. Dodds, How a Region Grows, Committee for Economic Development, New York, New York, 1963. Proceedings of the Governor's Conference on Chesapeake Bay, 6eptember 12-13, 1968, State of Maryland, Westinghouse Ocean Research and Engineering Center, Annapolis, Mary- land. Tiebout, Charles M., The Community Economic Base Study, Committee for Economic Development, New York, N York, 1962. Appendix 3 160 U. S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Agriculture, 1969, "Statistics for the State and Counties," U.S. GovernmFn-t Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1972. U. S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Agriculture, 1959, "Statistics for the State and Counties, - U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., 1962. U. S. Bureau of Census, Census of Housing: 1970, "Detailed Housing Characteristics, - U. S. Governmen Printing Office, Washington, D. C., 1972. U. S. Bureau of Census, Census of Manufacturers, 1972, "Water Use in Manufacturing, - U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., 1975. U.S. Bureau of Census, 1972 Census of Retail Trade. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1974. U. S. Bureau of Census, 1972 Census of Wholesale Trade. U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., 1974. U. S. Bureau of Census, U. S. Census of Population: 1970, "General Social and Economic Characteristics,' U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1972. U. S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook, "Volume III Area Reports: Domestic, 'I U.S. Govern n Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1972. U.S. Department of Labor, Handbook of Labor Statistics, 1971, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., 1971. Virginia Division of Planning, Economic Data Summary (for each Virginia county in the Bay Region), Richmond, Virginia. Wallace, McHarg, Roberts, and Todd, Inc., Maryland CheSa- peake Bay Study, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, J.U'12. Wolman, M. G. "The Chesapeake Bay: Geology and Geogra- phy, 11 Proceedings of the Governor's Conference on Chesa- peake -Bay, September 12-13, 1968, (1968), pp. 11-7 - II- Appendix 3 161 CHAPTER V ECONOMIC AND DEMOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS In making economic and demographic projections for the Chesa-. peake Bay Study Area, a program of economic measurement, analysis, and projection conducted by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) - formerly the Office of Business Economics (OBE) - of the U..S. Department of Commerce, and the Econ- omic Research Service (ERS) of the U. S. Department of Agri- culture was used. The OBERS program, as it has 'come to be called, deals with the economic activity of the entire Nation and seeks to provide a regional economic information system covering both the past and the future. The OBERS historical and projected data form a National economic framework within which a region's present and future levels of economic develop- ment can be assessed and compared with those of other regions. In 1967, the Bureau of the Census developed four sets of pro- jections, Series A, B, C, and D, which assumed varying fer- tility rates. By December 1972, the Census Bureau had abandoned the Series A and B projections and had added Series E and F. At the time the Existing Conditions Report was devel- oped, the Water Resources Council (WRC) requiEred that all Federal agencies involved in water resources planning use the OBERS Series C projections of population, income, employ- ment, earnings, and output. These projections are presented in a multi-volume series of reports entitled the 1972 OBERS Projections - Regional Economic Activity in the U. S --- --- Starting in 1974, ever, WRC directed that agencies inv=oved in water resource planning use the Series E projections (generally, the E Series assumes lower fertility rates as well as less defense spending than the C Series). These Series E projections, published in a seven-volume series in April 1974, were derived from more recent economic and demographic data. Both Series of reports served as basic analytical frameworks for the assessment of the economic implications of proposed water and Appendix 3. 163 related land resource development activities in the United States. In this chapter, both the Series C and the Series E OBERS projections are presented for the Chesapeake Bay Study Area. The Series C projections are considered to be the baseline or reference set of projections for this report since the majority of the resource projections were made for the Future Conditions Report prior to the adoption of the Series E projection-s-T-y-fFe- 7=. The Series E projections will be presented in a sen- sitivity analysis to provide alternative rates and patterns of growth to the baseline or reference Series C projections. A comparison of the assumptions made in each set of projections will also be provided. In addition, the two sets of projections will be compared in terms of "population" and "total employ- ment" for the Estuary Area. METHODOLOGY USED IN DEVELOPING OBERS PROJECTT077- THE NATIONAL FRAMEWORK The OBERS projection procedure calls first for projections of National totals of such things as Gross National Product (GNP) or employment. These totals are then disaggregated into National industry components such as the value of GNP orig- inating in the "food and kindred products" industry. The National industry components are then distributed regionally in accordance with projected trends in the regional distribu- tions of economic activities. Conceivably, the economy of each region could have been projected independently. However, the alternative course of first making National projections as a guide or control on the regional projections is followed because National trends as well as National inter-industry relation- ships, are generally more stable and measurable, and hence, projections have more reliability than those for smaller areas. This is another way of saying that National measurements can be more accurately made than can regional on 'es. The initial step in preparing the National projections was to project the Appendix 3 164 GNP to 2020. GNP is. the product of projected annual employ- ment, man-hours worked per year, and production per man- hour (generally referred to as it product per man-hour"). (For a more detailed discussion, see "State Projections of Income, Employment and Population., " Survey of Current Business, April 1971). National employment totals were derived from the Census Bureau's published projections of the population by applying to them estimated labor force participation ratios and unemploy- ment rates derived from past trends in these variables. Hours worked per year and product per man-hour were also projected on the basis of the trends in these two variables since 1948. Total GNP was disaggregated into the gross product originating (GPO) in each of 37 National industries.. The GPO is the value of the GNP originating in a particular industry such as the 11 primary metal industries. " This disaggregation represented an extension of trends in the industrial composition of the economy over the past two decades. National totals of aggre- gate personal income and earnings of persons engaged in each industry and employment by industry were derived from past relationships and from separate analyses of the industrialcom- position of earnings and employment. THE ECONOMIC AREA FRAMEWORK Inasmuch as the preparation of projections requires a knowledge and extension of past relationships, the more precisely such relationships canbe identified and measured, the more accurate the projections will be. Although for water and related land resources planning economic projections are needed on a water resources subarea basis, such geographic areas are not satis- factory units for use in preparing projections. Accordingly, projections were made first for some 173 nodal -functional econ- omic areas and then converted to the water resources sub- areas. These economic areas (known as BEA economic areas) are presented in Figure 3-21. From a geographic point of view, an economic area encom- passes a principal trade and labor market center together with the surrounding county units whose economic activity is focused on the center. An area includes, as closely as possible, both the place of work and the place of residence of its workers. This characteristic allows the regional economic analyst wide scope inasmuch as he may, at one and the same time, view an area's workers in both their producing and consuming roles. Appendix 3 165 All ij 7A WHIM 41 loll Iii"11RA1111.11 FIGURE 3-21 Appendix 3 166 From an industrial point of view, an area's economy may be viewed in terms of a group of "basic" industries and a related group of "residentiary" industries. Basic industries are those which play the central role in an area's development. In the production of its basic industries, an area has special econ- omic advantages relative to other areas. Thus, much of its basic-industry output tends to be exported to other areas in return for outputs in which its product mix is deficient. In every area, the basic group includes agriculture; mining; all manufacturing, except food and kindred products; printing and publishing; and armed forces. Residentiary industries tend to spring from basic industries. Their origin may be viewed as a response to requirements for special services on the part of both basic-industry firms (e.g., transportation and wholesal- ing), and basic-industry workers in their role as consumers (e.g., recreation and retailing). It is important to note that the interdependence of an area's basic and residentiary indus- tries is integral to the BEA economic area projection process. The residentiary group in every areatypically includes contract construction, transportation, communications, utilities, trade, finance, business and professional services, and civilian government activities. However, in areas where one or more of these typically residentiary activities serve larger than regional markets, they are treated as basic activities. The initial step in the economic area (as distinct from the National) projection process was the calculation of the shares of earnings and employment in each basic industry received by residents of each of the 173 areas of the Nation for nine selected years from 1929 to 1968. Changes in the shares accruing to each region were analyzed industry-by- industry. Mathematical extensions of these trends were calculated and then modified in accordance with information from other sources. Projected shares of earnings and employment for selected years in each region were applied to the National totals in the appropriate industry to obtain projected earnings in dollar terms and employment in numbers of persons. Earnings andemploymentin nonbasic or residentiary industries were then allocated to the 173 regions in accordance with pro- jections of the trend in past relationships of basic and resi- dentiary industries. Income projections were developed from the projections of total earnings. Population was then projected on the basis of projected employment and income. The economy of the Estuary Area is best understood in the light of the relationship to the various BEA economic areas within which it is contained. Consequently, they are the pri- mary areas which will be used for the analysis of the economic effects of water resources development and management pro- grams for the Chesapeake Bay area. Appendix 3 167 COMPARISON OF OBERS SERIES C AND SERIES E PROJECT--IUN7-- There are a number of basic differences between the Series C and Series E projections as shown in Table 3-30. Such dif - ferences must be understood in order to use the two sets of projections effectively in water resource planning. The National personal income, earnings,, and employment data for Series C are presented in Tables 3-31 and 3-32. For comparative purposes, those same data for Series E are pre- sented in Tables 3-33 and 3-34. The Series C OBERS projections and the methodology used in developing them are presented below. This will be followed by a presentation of Series E OBERS projections and their related methodology. The final portion of the chapter will consist of the comparison of the two sets of projections with regard to population and total employment within the Estuary Area.. ECONOMIC AND DEMOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS USING SERIES C OBERS PROJECTID-77- THE CHESAPEAKE BAY SUBSEGMENTS In order for the Chesapeake Bay Study to meet the planners' needs, it was necessary to disaggregate the baseline or Series C projections for the analytical economic area unit. This was accomplished by the Regional Economic Division, Bureau of Economic Analysis, U. S. Department of Commerce. Projec- tions were made for standard metropolitan statistical areas (SMSA's) and for both non-SMSA Estuary and non-SMSA non- Estuary subsegments (outside Study Area) of the economic areas. Putting the SMSA and these subsegment projections into a form accessible to Chesapeake Bay Study planners Appendix 3 168 TABLE 3-30 A COMPARISON OF OBERS SERIES C AND SERIES E PROJECTIONS Item Series C Series E Growth of Fertility rate of 2,800 Gradual decline of fertility Population children per 1,000 women rate from 2,800 to the "replacement fertility rate" of 2,100,children per 1,000 women. Military Projects a decline to 2.07 Projects a decline to 1.57 Establishment million people by 1975 and million persons by 1975 and thereafter a constant. thereafter a constant (due to smaller military establishment and the resultant smaller need for equipment and supplies, a significantly slow rate of growth in the defense-related manufacturing industries is anticipated). Hours Worked Hours worked per employee Hours worked per employee per Per Year per year are projected to year are projected to decline decline at 0.25 percent at 0.35 percent per year. per year. Product Per Projected to increase Projected to increase 2.9 Man-Hour 3.0 percent per year. percent per year. Earnings Per Earnings per worker in the individual industries at the Worker national level are projected to converge toward the combined rate for all industries more slowly in the Series E projections than in the Series C projections. Employed Projected to increase Projected to be between 43 Population from 40.to 41 percent of and 45 percent of the total the total population. population (higher percent- ages with the E Series reflects expected,higher participation rates by women). Appendix 3 169 TABLE 3-31 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC TRENDS FOR TEE UNITED STATES, 1950-1969 POP ;LATIG4, EMPJ-QY04EPIT , TOT-AL PERSONAL@ 1,NCGAE -AND EARN-1-4GS-BY SELECTED INDUSTRIES. SELECTED HISTORIC YEARS, 1950 - 1969 1950 1959 1962 1968 1969 POPULATION. JULY 1 151,871,000 177,124,000 185,849,000 199,798,000 201.877,000 PER CAPITA INCOME (1967s) 2,065 2.441 2,583 39304 3,416 PER CAPITA INCOME RELATIVE (US=1.00) 1.00 1.00 1.00, 1.00 1.00 TOTAL EMPLOYME14T 57,474,912 66-372,649 EMPLOYMENT/P OPULATION RATIO .38 .37 EARNINGS PER WORKER (1967S) 4,502 5,360 EARNINGS PER WORKER ALLATIVE(US=1.00) 1.00 1.00 IN THOUSANDS OF 1967 $ TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME 313,569,016 432,349,206 480,053,606 660,045,911 689,625.787 TOTAL EARNINGS 258,747,759 355,766,604 389,998,431 529,659,952 554.91ls996 AGRICULTURE. FORESTRY & FISHERIES 23,597,264 17,042,358 18,462,090 18,415,005 19,571*289 AGRICULTURE 23,131,448 16.691.335 18.098,279 18,131,177 19,311.920 FORESTRY & FISHERIES 465,815 351,023 363,811 283,828 2599369 MINING 5.145,232 5,149,264 4,908,611 5.274.946 5.7009573 METAL 547,307 645.460 667,65a 719.223 813,309 COAL 2,284,452 1,260,981 1,016,09A 1,182,615 1,278.321 CRUDE PETROLEUM & NATURAL GAS 1,734,785 2,357,008 2,394,918 2,449.220 2,678,918 NONMETALLIC, EXCEPT FUELS 562,841 885,796 829,937 923.888 930,026 CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION 15,483,087 21,852,640 22,990,095 31,676,705 34,063,565 MANUFACTURING 74.81.7,596 107,255.073 115.576,45A 155.667,034 161,427.007 FOOD & KINDRED PRODUCTS 8,050,358 10,570,806 11.082,792 12,576,266 12,7489943 TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS 5,0909329 4.243,747 4.303,342 5,380,174 5,466,Z14 APPAREL & UTHFR FABRIC PRODUCTS 4,533,807 4,995,059 5,366,914 6.775,178 6,8139083 LUMBER PRODUCTS 6 FURNITURE 4,749.634 5.222.319 59063,806 6.697,946 PAPER & ALLIED PRODUCTS 2,5079663 3,696,797 4,401,596 5.408,171 5,677.415 PRINTING & PUBLISHING 4,237,267 6,046,717 6,561.243 8.257,066 8.6669650 CHEMICALS z, ALLIED PRODUCTS 3,653,572 6.198,112 6,947,701 9.672.343 10,118,193 PETROLEUM REFINING 1,433,283 1,835,808 1,755,527 2.405,777 2,523,295 PRIMARY METALS 6,696,935 9,143.450 9,521,533 12,2739130 12,902,711 FABRICATED METALS & nRDNANCE 5,481.271 99099,387 10,563,766 14,058.135 14,374,634 MACHINERY, EXCLUDING ELECTRICAL 0 10,653;431 11,607,37P 17.424,504 18,433,768 ELECTRICAL MACHINERY & SUPPLIES 0 9,394,820 11,426.419 15,205,170 15,978.094 MOTOR VEHICLES & EQUIPMENT 49618.238 5,367,607 5,955,851 10,370,327 10,737,902 TRANS. EGUIP., EXCL. MTR. VEHS. 2,629,937 7,572,338 7.222,565 11,004,595 11,215,882 OTHER MANUFACTURING 9.151,692 139014,674 13.796,030 18,018,226 18,883.033 TRANS., COMM. & PUBLIC UTILITIES 21.131,028 27,392,039 28.694.815 36,552.940 38,558,070 RAILROAD TRA145PURTATION 7.698,841 6,925,196 6,296.287 5,820,396 5,762,637 TRUCKING & WAREHOUSING 2.990,386 5,458,891 6,041,076 8,827,618 9.266.906 OTHER TRANSPORTATION & SERVICES 4,029.078 5,317.682 5.743,632 8,123.841 8,569,386 COMMUNICATIONS 3,427,517 5.298,283 5,813,239 7.704,857 8.585,134 UTILITIES (ELEC.,GAS, SANITARY) 2.901,633 4.391.988 4,800,586 6,076,228 6.374,008 WHOLESALE & RETAIL TRADE 48,939,614 63,499,623 67,565,645 87,077,150 91,115,615 FINANCE, INSURANCE & REAL ESTATE 10,911,234 18,109,611 19,805.666 27.739.804 28,932,679 SERVICES 28,904,344 45,244.956 52,608,614 77,245,516 81.704,203 LODGING PLACES & PERSONAL SERV. 5,001,457 6,244,013 6,696,890 9,369.207 9.429,011 BUSINESS & REPAIR SERVICES 3,423,398 6,721.210 8,413,488 14,134,421 15.387.101 AMUSEMENT @, RECREATION SERVICES 2,225,382 2,704.068 2,982,587- 3.571.015 3,773,828 PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS 4,723.579 5,350,849 5,402,13s 4,389,674 4,438026 PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 13,422,606 24,224,816 29,113,511 45,781,199 48,6759337 GOVERNMENT 29,818.358 50,221,040 59,386,445 90.070,855 93,838,995 CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT 23,930.883 40,409,800 49.091,55A 74,970,068 7B,494,504 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 9,500,682 14,249,631 16 569,96q 23,193,735 23,8019792 STATE & LOCAL GOVERNMENT 14,430,201 26,160,169 32,521,590 51,776,333 54,692.712 ARMED FORCES 5,887,475 9.811,240 10.294,886 15,100,787 15,344.490 DATA MAY NOT ADD TO HIGHER LEVEL TOTALS BECAUSE OF ROUNDING Appendix 3 170 TABLE 3-32 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC PROJECTIONS FOR THE UNITED STATES, 1980-2020, SERIES C 41&P46-ArTlOft", EMPLOY-M"T. 'OTAL RE-R-50"L LUCOME, Ago -EARNINGS BY SELECTED INDUSTRIES, SELECTED PROJECTED YEARS, 1980 - 2020 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 POPULATION; JULYMI 234,208:000 269,759:000 306,782,000 350,111,000 399.013,000 PER CAPIT INCO E (1967s) 4 765 6 166 8,289 10,895 149260 PER CAPITA INCOME RELATIVE (US=1.00) 1.00 1.00 I.Oo 1.00 1.00 TOTAL EMPLOYMENT 93.820,000 106.917,000 124.641,000 143,441,000 163,622.000 EMPLOYMENT/POPULATION@RATIO .40 .40 .41 .41 .41 EARNINGS PER WORKER (1967$) 9,396 12,167 15.811 209 450 269569 EARNINGS PER WORKER RELATIVE(US=1.00) 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 IN THOUSANDS OF 1967 S TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME 1,115,898,374 1,663.439,352 2,542,848,587 3.814.449,639 5s690,0739434 TOTAL EARNINGS 881,560,093 1.300,809,248 1,970.738,630 2,933,311.710 4.347,216,053 AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY & FISHERIES 19,855,395 21,588,666 25.493,38q 33,173,554 44,457.551 AGRICULTURE 19,449,249 21,055.528 24,784,064 32,235,414 43,241,401 FORESTRY & FISHERIES 406,146 533,138 709,326 938,140 1,216.150 MINING 7.284,316 8.713.264 10,710,816 13,032,141 16.013.596 METAL 970,174 1,223,015 1.575,389 2.022,722 2,606,199 COAL 1,755,009 1,996.408 2,330,47R 2,692.005 3,094,719 CRUDE PETROLEUM & NATURAL GAS 3,210,270 3,712,518 4,362,352 5.004,177 5,751,257 NONMETALLIC. EXCEPT FUELS 1,348,863 1,781.322 2,442,597 3,313,237 4,561,421 CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION 52,486,659 77.410.299 117.117.657 173,988,405 256.404,026 MANUFACTURING 240,993,356 339,090,792 492,557,951 707,532,789 1,020,907,097 FOOD 6 KINDRED PROLUCTS 17,134,788 21,625,277 289070,987 369090,942 47,001,970 TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS 7.536,012 9.688,014 12.843,369 16,887,669 22,501,637 APPAREL & OTHER FABRIC PRODUCTS 9,704,031 12,795.318 17.433,392 23,601.092 32,318,931 LUMBER PRODUCTS & FURNITURE, 9,458,055 12,327,392 16,585,633 22,164,135 30,017.056 PAPER 6 ALLIED PRODUCTS 8,699.535 12.509,299 18,536,278 27,089,372 39,616,976 PRINTING PUEL15HING 13,080,192 18,634,669 27.381,110 39,725,663 57,774,566 CHEMICALS ALLIED PRODUCTS 16,041.054 23,575,922 35,595,55A 52,831,025 78.190,557 PETROLEUM REFINING 3,234,296 4,083.198 5,299,34a 6,801,517 8,905,468 PRIMARY METALS 16.173,767 19.882,853 25,017,455 31,047.866 39,051,804 FABRICATED METALS 6 ORDNANCE 23.374,565 34.512,120 52.300.175 77.869.073 115,375,233 MACHINERY. EXCLUDING ELECTRICAL 27,852,469 39,973,927 59,115,42o 86,253,987 125,844.650 ELECTRICAL MACHINERY & SUPPLIES 27,040.176 41,784,995 65,708.716 100,736,BI3 153,810,382 MOTOR VEHICLES & EQUIPMENT 15,187,575 21,079,554 30,237,862 42,950,806 61,292,592 TRANS. EQUIP., EXCL. MTR. VEHS. 17,301,823 24,472,876 35,732,847 51,541,654 74,542,107 OTHER MANUFACTURING 29,175,018 42,145,379 62,699,801 91,941,176 134,663,168 TRANS., COMM. & PUBLIC UTILITIES 56,816.977 80.039,380 116,398,035 167.348,203 241.305,688 RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION 7,290.036 8,491,313 9,967,169 11,317,175 12,814,767 TRUCKING & WAREHOUSING 14.226.554 20,546,415 30,552,482 44,798,485 65,593,164 OTHER TRANSPORTATION & SERVICES 13,080.192 18,881,789 28,070,987 41,132,874 60,206.866 COMMUNICATIONS 1Z,851,377 18,985,899 28.798,617 42,892.459 63,595,612 UTILITIES (ELEC.,GAS. SANITARY) 9,368.818 13,133.963 19,008,781 27,207,211 39.095,279 WHOLESALE & RETAIL TRADE 14a,563.661 220,080,837 335.481,240 501,615,581 746t467,897 FINANCE, INSURANCE 6 REAL ESTATE 45,110,817 65,565.707 98,040,232 144,362,623 212,159,273 SERVICES 145,219,534 229.988,514 368.579.286 573.022,927 876,784,730 LODGING PLACES 6 PERSONAL SERV. 15.379,780 22,497,061 33,822.244 50,016,604 73,760,705 BUSINESS REPAIR'SERVICES 26,769,031 42,549,236 66,373,261 106,513,240 163.202,081 AMUSEMENT RECREATION SERVICES 5,949,182 8,791,061 13,336,464 19,878.277 29,495,358 PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS 5,675,748 6.840,415 8,391,779 10,085.008 12.249095 PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 91.445,793 149,310,741 244,655,535 386,529.798 598,076,992 GOVERNMENT 165,229,379 258,331,790 406,360,024 619,235,487 932,7169194 CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT 146,378,480 233.873.787 374,582,239 578,114,054 879,295.971 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 39,368.712 56,788.375 82.059,814 10,706,030 152,856,224 STATE & LOCAL GOVER14MENT 107,009,768 177,085.412 292.522,429 464,408,024 726,4399747 ARMED FORCES 18,850.899 24,458,003 31,777,785 41,121,433 53,420,223 DATA MAY NOT ADD TO HIGHER LEVEL TOTALS BECAUSE OF ROUNDING Appendix 3 171 TABLE 3-33 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC TRENDS FOR THE UNITED STATES, 1950-1971 (D POPULATION, EMPLOYMENT, PERSONAL INCOME, AND EARNINGS BY INDUSTRY FOR HISTORICAL SELECTED YEARS, 1950-1971 CAD Population. midyear ......................................................... 151,236,60 185.108.0m 201.2".000 203,957,8454 206.199.080 Per capita income (1967 S) ............................................... 2,064 2,383 3.435 3,476 3" PITP118 income relative (U.S.- I A) ................. . . ....... t.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 To employment ........................................................... 37.221,773 ".372.649 79.306527 Emplo tin .39 %7S) ........................................... 7.090 Earnings gs per worker relative (U.S. - 1.00) ....................... 1.00 In Thousands of 1967 Dollars Total personal Income ...................................................... 312,147,612 480,053,606 691,450,638 708,583,931 730.630.679 Total earnings .................................................................. 257.495,"S 389,999,433 556.542,319 562,311.127 573,459,943 Agriculture, forestry and fisheries ............................... 23.467,939 18,462.090 20.086,322 19,640,721 19.363.957 Agriculture ................................................................ 19.826,212 19.349.268 19,267.216 Forestry and fisheries ............................................... 260,111 292,454 296.741 Mining ........................................................................... 5,129.396 4,908,611 5.419,046 3,647.503 5.(02,367 Metal ......................................................................... 906.8115 956,674 819,214 Coal ........................................................................... 1,257.943 1,484,370 1,494,985 Crude petralcum and natural am .............................. 2,452,995 2,339,725 2.340,835 Nonmetallic, except fuels ................................... 900,383 947,734 957,313 Contract construction .................................................. 15,370.217 22.990.093 34,359."S 34.457.902 35,%7.843 Manufact 74,706."7 115,376.453 161,773,451 156.291j" 154,042,932 F.W 12,835.090 13.106,486 13.195,228 Textile mill products ................................................ 5,4",636 5,276,189 5,297.186 Apparel and other labric products ........................... 6.788."9 6.452.900 6.422.434 Lumber products and furniture ................................ 6,981,631 6,499,872 6.719.090 Paper and allied products ..... . .................................. 3,670,931 3,681,098 3,667.154 Printing and publishing ............................................. 9,727,787 9,779,7" S,T?O,%l Chemicals and &Wed products ................................. 10.112,635 10.230.574 10,219.438 Petroleum refining .................................................... 2,498,096 2,624,834 2,725.315 Primary metals ......................... . .............................. 12,879.533 12.294,292 11,976,473 Fabricated metals and ordnance .............................. 14,577,8" 13,574.253 13,047,412 Machinery, excluding electrical ............................... 18,521,768 19,047,609 16,799.200 Electrical machinery and supplies ........................... 16,060,536 15,527,991 14,733.066 Motor vchkks and equipment .................I............... 10,0W,344 9,941,480 11,438.308 Trans ortation equip., excl. mtr. vebs ..................... 10.885,742 9,708,879 8.603.367 Otherlmanufacturing ................................................ 19,935,933 18,555,955 18.539,300 Trans., comm. and public utilities ............................... 21.047.435 29.694,815 39.61 I.M 39.925,053 41,690AM Railroad transportation .................................. 5,789,5W 3,721,766 5.833,384 Trvcking and warehousing .................................. 9,302,105 9.252,791 10.105,061 Other transportation and services ............................ 8,576.797 8,872.627 B.M.743 Communications ...................................................... 8,542,523 9.313.793 9.946,763 Utilities (clec.. gas, sanitary) ................................... 6.400,971 6,764.096 7.121.451 Wholesale and retail trade ........................................... 48,774.013 67,365,645 91,431.489 93,=.363 95,8251981 Finance, insurance and real estate .............................. 10,986,662 19,805,660 29.875.247 n.M,241 30,917.872 Services . . .................................................................... 29,797.423 52,609,614 8l,"7,946 85,077,671 $8,230.069 Lodging places avid personal services ...................... 9,329,995 9,174."2 9.064.207 business and re it tcrvtccs 15,472,373 15,M.3" 15,937.RS4 Amusement anfrarcreation a .............................. rVICes ........................ 3,605,237 3,724,629 1.8111,939 Private households ................................................... 4,261,"S 4,191,191 4,145,513 Professional services ................................................ 49,328.393 52.177.518 53,31A,556 Government ................................................................. 29,316,293 59,396,445 93,998,132 ",310.475 103,5108,611 Federal government .............. .................................. 9,302.445 16,569,969 23,931.435 25,287,340 26,155,178 State and local government.... .................................. 14.342,132 32,521,590 54,695,301 38,861,8 t 5 62,P8,236 Armed forces .............. ............................................ 5.671.719 10,294,K86 15,471.397 15.159.320 14,80,197 'Employment is for 1960. -Alaska and Hawaii excluded. TABLE 3-34, DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC PROJECTIONS FOR THE UNITED STATES, 1980-2020 (SERIES E PROJECTION) POPULATION, EMPLOYMENT, PERSONAL INCOME, AND EARNINGS BY INDUSTRY FOR PROJECTED SELECTED YEARS, 1980-2020 19183 1"0 W" U20 Population, midyear ......... ............................................... 223,332.000 234.317.3W 246,039.000 263.830.0nl) 297.146,000 Pere pi ice ............................................... 4.700 3,400 6.100 8.14)0 13,200 PC p : (1967 S) I.: iltaicumm relative (U.S.- 1-00)-s .......................... 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 I.W Total employment ............................................................ 96.114,000 101,121.100 106,3U.000 117,891,000 130,534,000 Employmentipopulation ratio .......................................... .43 .43 .43 .45 .44 Earnings per worker 11967 $)- .. . .................................... 8,7W 9.8w I 1.0m 14,OOD 22,900 Earnings per worker relative (U.S. - 1.00) ....................... 1.00 1.00 1.00 Loo 1.00 In Thousands of 1967 Dollm Total personal loosing ...................................................... 1.068.496,000 1.273,226,200 1,517,173.000 2,154.266,000 3,911,928,000 Total emmings -@ ............................................................... 937,490,000 "2.721.000 1,176,711,000 1.657.332.000 3.000,8W,000 Agriculture. forestry and fisheries .............................. 21.264.OM 22,122,11W 23,016.000 25,856.000 32.975,000 Agriculture ........................... . ............................ . .... 20,897.000 21.713.600 22,362,OW 25,M.000 32.144,000 Forestry and fisheries .............................................. 367.000 408.100 454,000 W.000 931,000 Mining ...................................................................... 6,498.000 6.8%,300 7.319.000 8,402,000 11.106.000 mew ....................................... . ........................... 972,000 1,041,ODO 1,115,000 1,298,000 1.741,000 Coal .......................................................................... 1.914,000 1,974.800 2.130,000 2,374,000 1."4.000 Crude petroleum and natural Ps . . .......................... 2,528.000 2.589,700 2,651,000 2,851,000 3,425.000 Nonmetallic. except fuels ........................................ 1,194.000 1.2811,8DO 1.403,000 1,679.000 2.346.WO Contract construction .................................................. 51.916.000 60,BS7.100 71.347,ODO 97.584,ODD 166AM1000 Manufacturing ................................................... 219.486,000 232,984,700 291.595,000 398,479.OW 64t,992,WD Food and kindred products .................................... 16,016.000 17,444,400 19,000,ODD 22.785,000 31,859.0m Textile mill products ................................................ 6.721,000 7.382.400 8.109.0m 9,877,000 14,143.000 Apparel and other fabric products ........................... 8,736,000 9.924,200 11.048.000 14.027.000 21.418,000 Lumber products and furniture ................................ 8,923.OW 10.036,300 11,296.000 14.329,000 21,11".000 Paper and allied products ..... . .................................. 8.378.911111 9,734.700 11,311.000 15,224.OOD 23.296,400 PFus Ung and publishing ............................................. 13,013.000 15,n2,500 17,945.ODO 24.633,000 42,190,000 Chemicals and allied products ................................. 15,632,000 18,774,60n 22.549,000 32,251,000 59,746,000 Petroleum refining .................................................... 3.385,000 3,765,100 4,188.0D0 5,213.0W 7,72D.000 Primary metals ........................ ................................ K302,000 13,317.000 16,404,000 19.098.000 25,5n,000 Fabricated metals and ordnance ............ ..... . .......... 19,4".000 22,553,WD 26,112.000 34,939.0m 57_W,000 Machinery, excluding electrical ............................... 24,539,000 29,108.900 32.198,000 42,128,000 67,600,000 Electrical machinery and supplies ........................... 25,W8.000 30,529,300 37,166.000 54,"3,000 102,9",000 Motor vehicles and equipment ........................... . .... 15,323,000 11 .012,700 20,902.000 29,070.000 46,496.WD Transportation equip., excl. mtr. vchs ..................... 11,634,000 .2,8,15.81JO 14,184.000 17.166.000 24,356,000 Other manufacturing ................................................ 2s.i23.000 33,199,900 39,193.000 54,306.000 94,350,000 Trans., comm. and public utilities .......................... 53,672,000 69.036.300 81.233,000 112,976,000 200,497.000 Railroad transportation . .................................. -::::: 3.612,000 3,502,900 5,396,000 3.162.000 4,741.000 Trucking and warehousing ............................... 14,734,000 17,646,500 21.063,000 29.T70.000 53,243,WD Other transportation and sem rices ............................ 12,408,000 14.278,900 16,432,000 21,743,000 33,247,000 Communications ................. ...-**"*"**'*"**-15.783.000 19,624,500 24,398,000 37.118,000 74,286.000 Utilities (clec., gas, sanitary) ................................... 10,093.000 11,957,300 13.944,000 19.193,000 32."0.000 Wholcult and retail trade ...........I............................... 133,912,000 154,667,400 179,102,000 243,455,000 409,485.WD Finance, insurance and real estate .............................. A8,461.000 59,224.100 72.377,000 106,985.000 204,488,000 Services .......................... .................................... . .. .. 150,270,000 197,755,3M 234,599.000 359,761.000 734.995,000 > Lodging places and personal services ...................... 11,433,000 12,600.900 13,8811.0m 17,014.000 24%4,000 Bus' d. - I : mess an re air ces ............................ ....... 28.786.000 36,774.6M 46,980,OM 73.153,000 62902.000 Amusement AnTrecreation services ........................ ).343,000 6J97,900 7,187,000 9,644,000 15,%2,000 (D Private households ................................................... 4,498.000 4,615,200 4,746.000 3,142,0W 6,216,000 Professional "I'ViCC3 ................................................ 100,218,000 127,334,700 161,798,000 252.908,000 W.341.000 W Government ........... ..................................................... 147017,000 178,7F55,MO 216.133,000 313.934,000 "9.377,wo Ftdcral government ................................................. 36.388,000 43,583,000 52,201,000 73.074,000 W.692,0W State and local government ...................................... 95.158.000 117,156,300 144,719.ODO 215.755,000 417.6TI,000 Armed forces ........................................................... 15' 17,454,&W 19,693,000 25.105,000 41,018.000 .471,000 :Employment is for 1960. Alaska and Hawaii excluded. required several steps. One step involved aggregating the pro- jections for two or more single-State non-SMSA subsegments into projections for the appropriate non-SMSA Estuary or non- SMSA non-Estuary subsegments. Another step required further disaggregations of the projections for given single-State non- SMSA subsegments in order to divide those subsegments into their Estuary and non-Estuary parts. These further disaggre- gations were accomplished by holding constant into the future the average of the 1967 and 1968 percent shares of the various income, employment, andpopulation seriesforthe given single- State non-SMSA subsegments accounted for by the geographic parts of those subsegments. A constant rather than a trended percent share methodology was employed because the geo- graphic parts were too small for meaningful trends to be established. In short, projectionsfor the Chesapeake Bay subsegments were derived as the result of a process of successive disaggregation and reaggregation of the BEA economic area projections in increasingly greater geographic detail. Care was taken to assure thateverydata seriesfor every geographic configuration within the system was additive to the corresponding data series at the next higher level of geographic detail. The area of primary concern in the Chesapeake Bay Study, for projection. purposes, has been defined as the counties or SMSA's which touch or have a major influence on the Estuary. As indicated in Figure 3-1, the.Estuary Area encompasses seven SMSA's, 35 non-SMSA counties, and four independent cities. Six BEA economic areas- -Philadelphia (15), Harrisburg (16), Baltimore (17), Washington (18), Richmond (21), and Norfolk- Portsmouth (22)--are of particular interest to Chesapeake Bay Study planners. Each of these areas has been subdivided into constituent SMSA, non-SMSA Estuary, and non-SMSA residual (or non-Estuary subsegments). Projections include population, total personal income, earnings and employment for 36 industry categories. Historical trends and projections (using the C Series) as well as a county breakdown for each subsegment, are presented in Tables 3-37 to 3-112. Preceding these in Tables 3-35 and 3-36 are trends and projections for the Chesa- peake Bay Estuary Area as a whole. Appendix 3 174 TABLE 3-35 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC TRENDS FOR THE TOTAL CHESAPEAKE BAY ESTUARY AREA, 1950-1969 POPULATION, EMPLOYMENT, TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME AND EARNINGS BY SELECTED INDUSTRIES, SELECTED HISTORIC YEARS. 19.50 1969 1950 1959 1962 1968 1969 POPULATION, JULY 1 4,957,764 6,329,484 6,737,344 7.670,291 7076041 PER CAPITA INCOME (1967s@ 2,370 2,598 2,805 3.563 39682 PER CAPITA INCOME RELATIVE (US=1.00) 1.15 1.06 1.Oq 1.07 1.07 TOTAL EMPLOYMENT 2,078,330 2.533.420 EMPLOYMENT/POPULATION RATIO .42 .40 EARNINGS PER WORKER (1967S) 4,666 5.413 EARNINGS PER WORKER RELATIVE([email protected]) 1.04 1.01 IN THOUSANDS OF 1967 S TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME 11,751,868 16.443,928 18.960,616 27,331,754 28s629,i*5 TOTAL EARNINGS 9.696,766 13,712,671 15,724,283 22,860.823 24.001,627 AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY FISHERIES 383,998 263,074 296.809 279,407 350,508 AGRICULTURE 346s661 232,077 2679767 249,232 3219161 FORESTRY FISHERIES 37,331 30,996 29,046 30,174 29,341 MINING 13,075 18$012 19.872 18,234 180601 METAL 107 163 324 593 1,038 COAL 645 0 Z3 180 175 CRUDE PETROLEUM & NATURAL GAS 32 596 627 827 b16 NONMETALLIC, EXCEPT FUELS 12,291 17,253 18,898 169634 16075 CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION 665,219 677s944 11017,38s 1-318-853 1,448-992 MANUFACTURING 1,810,758 2,727.661 3o059,578 3.978,393 4.058,645 FOOD & KINDRED PRODUCTS 255,428 323.432 346,494 412,300 424,657 TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS 51,915 37,697 24.384 26s893 269694 APPAREL & OTHER FABRIC PRODUCTS 114s736 119,922 132,048 158,111 160,ZT4 LUMBER PRODUCTS 6 FURNITURE 83,653 90,743 88,516 113,818 117,308 PAPER & ALLIED PRODUCTS 54,548 89,724 96,315 118,415 126-117 PRINTING PUBLISHING 145,705 206,489 235,594 329s742 3479819 CHEMICALS ALLIED PRODUCTS 293,137 441,249 582,850 755.986 786,597 PETROLEUM REFINING 15,341 19,516 la.352 26.240 24,384 PRIMARY METALS 1789279 328,406 363.65o 449.261 467,745 FABRICATED METALS & ORDNANCE 96,843 178,493 294.738 292,096 260.514 MACHINERY, EXCLUDING ELECTRICAL 94,462 110.084 156,359 1679599 ELECTRICAL MACHINERY & SUPPLIES 102,158 113,313 188,993 1769L97 TOTAL MACHINERY (1950 ONLY) 104,922 MOTOR VEHICLES & EQUIPMENT 58,129 84,687 91.748 206,596 185,939 TRANS. EQUIP., EXCL. MTR. VEHS. 158,537 340,889 27ls932 346,753 375,529 OTHER MANUFACTURING 199,588 269,826 2899566 3969837 4109979 TRANS., COMM- & PUBLIC UTILITIES 773,125 1,026,723 1,079.982 1,416,690 1,473.401 RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION 255,800 233,432 220,919 205,851 20t,09 TRUCKING & WAREHOUSING 81,583 154,499 1780883 269,408 279.253 OTHER TRANSPORTATION 6 SERVICES 197.552 275.234 277.544 356,515 366,628 COMMUNICATIONS 126,863 204,922 233,170 366,003 392,050 UTILITIES (ELEC-GAS, SANITARY) 111,333 158.639 169,468 218,909 229,391 WHOLESALE & RETAIL TRADE 1,646,366 2,133,386 2,378.169 3.344,189 3,502.579 FINANCE, INSURANCE & REAL ESTATE 392,061 640,864 715,805 1.054,675 1,099,916 SERVICES 1,151,955 1,755v629 2.2209917 3,515,970 39761,778 LODGING PLACES & PERSONAL SERV. 185,184 239.746 262,643 385,489 39o.932 BUSINE55 REPAIR SERVICES. 100,675 284,620 390,837 787,064 880.106 AMUSEMENT RECREATION SERVICES 58,889 77,839 88,47f, 118,696 115.267 PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS 260,664 .253,148 260,869 235,549 228.U64 PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 546,546 900,274 11218,092 1,989,177 2,147,404 GOVERNMENT 2,860,202 4,269.363 4,935,766 7.934,413 8,287,ZO3 CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT 2-107.578 3,187.468 3,881,261 6,154,925 6,476s468 FEDERAL GOVER14MENT L,699,379 2,368,124 2,828,095 4,229,485 4.374.420 STATE & LOCAL GOVERNMENT 408,197 8L9,338 L,053,L62 lo925.446 2,1029Z41 ARMED FORCES 752,622 1,081,896 19054,503 19779,484 198109740 DATA MAY NOT ADD TO HIGHER LEVEL TOTALS BECAUSE OF ROUNDING Appendix 3 175 TABLE 3-36 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC PROJECTIONS FOR THE TOTAL CHESAPEAKE BAY ESTUARY AREA, 1980-2020, SERIES C POPULATION. EMPLOYMENT, TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME AND EARNINGS BY SELECTED INDUSTRIES, SELECTED PROJECTED YEARS, 1980 - 2020 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 POPULATION. JULY 1 9,273,063 10,850,097 12,489.474 14,332.644 16.320,028 PER CAPITA INCOME (1967S) 5,182 6,691 8-913 11.601 15030 PER CAPITA INCOME RELATIVE (US=1.00) 1.09 1.08 1.08 1.06 1.05 TOTAL-EMPLOYMENT 3,904.334 4.478.843 5.232,966 6,013.338 6,825.152 EMPLOYMENT/POPULATION RATIO .42 .41 .42 .42 .42 EARNINGS PER WORKER (1967S) 9,892 12.849 16,667 21*447 27,647 EARNINGS PER WORKER RELATIVE(US=1.00) 1.05 1.06 1.05 1.05 1.04 IN THOUSANDS OF 1967 S TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME 48.057.596 72,592,613 111.323.402 166,271,921 245 284,632 TOTAL EARNINGS 38,619.753 57.550,759 87,21a.303 128,969.489 188.695,545 AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY & FISHERIES 336,408 372,461 452,211 593,345 793,318 AGRICULTURE 281,581 298#472 35L-327 4569951 612,964 FORESTRY G FISHERIES 54,827 73,990 100,884 1369394 1809354 MINING 27,532 37,018 51,592 71.102 99,342 METAL 1.316 1,708 2,278 39001 3,963 COAL (5) IS) IS) (5) (5) CRUDE PETROLEUM & NATURAL GAS 992 1,230 1,494 1.763 2,080 NONMETALLIC, EXCEPT FUELS 24.966 33.807 47,477 659942 92,847 CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION 2,256.482 3,367,189 5,104,578 T,546,855 10,9969475 MANUFACTURING 6,048,310 8,483.918 12,252.332 17.466,566 24,982.203 FOOD 6 KINDRED PRODUCTS 573,046 7409306 980-913 1,283.506 1,6939778 TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS 35,032 42.187 531021 67,043 86,658 APPAREL 6 OTHER FABRIC PRODUCTS 229,651 303.257 412,862 557.467 760037 LUM8ER PRODUCTS & FURNITURE 164.363 215.408 290,851 389.141 527,696 PAPER & ALLIED PRODUCTS 200,267 294,703 445,289 661,263 980058 PRINTING G PUBLISHING 531,893 766,409 11124,638 1.615.076 29307.699 CHEMICALS 6 ALLIED PRODUCTS 1,233.946 1,795,399 2,678,099 3,924,036 597299181 PETROLEUM REFINING 34.260 44,825 59,526 77.263 101,427 PRIMARY METALS 604,044 758,292 970,489 1,221.479 1,553,535 FABRICATEDMETALS & ORDNANCE 408,758 592,050 8819045 1.289,764 1,880045 MACHINERY, EXCLUDING ELECTRICAL 269.171 405,005 623,729 942,214 L,417.944- ELECTRICAL MACHINERY & SUPPLIES 308,655 499,183 818,214 1.302,416 2,056.598 MOTOR VEHICLES & EQUIPMENT 333,527 472,507 688,068 .986,266 1,414.899 TRANS. EQUIP., EXCL. MTR. VEHS. 497,868 661.893 911,459 1.244.007 1,707047 OTHER MANUFACTURING 623.829 892.493 1,314.130 1.905.626 2.763.003 TRANS., COMM- & PUBLIC UTILITIES 2.217,878 3tL72.500 4,650.019 69700.281 99626,357 RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION 259,638 299,430 347,326 388,270 431.749 TRUCKING & WAREHOUSING 435,862 643,008 968,749 1,434.446 2,107,852 OTHER TRANSPORTATION & SERVICES 567,526 823,982 1,219.073 1,763,984 29532,690 COMMUNICATIONS 610.828 915,043 1,3979894 2,085,854 3,0849462 UTILITIES (ELEC-GA5, SANITARY) 344,024 491.036 716077 1.027,727 1.469,602 WHOLESALE 6 RETAIL TRADE 5,871,917 8.907,423 13,760,330 20,680,505 30.712.514 FINANCE, INSURANCE & REAL ESTATE 1,797,708 2,691.722 @,097t262 6,079,858 8.927,108 SERVICES 6,827,583 11.105,701 18,157,733 28.653.075 44,283tkO6 LODGING PLACES'& PERSONAL SERV. 643.727 948,595 1,428.849 2,109,229 3,094,1506 BUSINESS 6 REPAIR SERVICES 1.561.659 2,581,547 4,278.289 6*825.268 10*6489196 AMUSEMENT & RECREATION SERVICES 194,646 286,578 428,991 625,523 9019300 PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS 304.496 364,648 440.6Lo 5189663 6129633 PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 49123,055 6,924,333 11.580,994 18,574,392 299026.271 GOVERNMENT 13,235,934 19,412,827 28.69ZvZ45 41,177,901 5s.275,023 CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT 11.016,674 16.535.721 24,956,568 36,346,448 52.001.155 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 6,836,816 9.512.599 13,284,170 17.827,627 23,237.606 STATE 6 LOCAL GOVERNMENT 4,179,858 7,023,122 11,672,398 18,5189821 28,763049 ARMED FORCES 2.219,260 2,877.107 3,735,677 4,831,453 6,273.8U DATA MAY NOT ADD TO HIGHER LEVEL TOTALS BECAUSE OF ROUNDING IS) TOO SMALL TO BE PROJECTFn A ,ppendix 3 176 THE PHILADELPHIA ECONOMIC AREA The Philadelphia, Pennsylvania -New Jersey Economic Area (15) comprises seven SMSA subsegments and one non-SMSA non- Estuary subsegment. Only one of the SMSA subsegments - Wilmington, Delaware-New Jersey-Maryland - is in the Estuary Area. The county compositions of the eight Philadelphia sub- segments are shown in Table 3-37 as well as in Figure 3-22. Economic and demographic projections for the economic area as a whole and for its eight subsegments, together,with the his - torical data uponwhich the projections are based, are presented in Tables 3-38 to 3-55. THE HARRISBURG ECONOMIC AREA The Harrisburg, Pennsylvania Economic Area (16) consists of four SMSA subsegments and one non-SMSA non-Estuary sub- segment. Although none of the subsegments is in the Estuary Area, Harrisburg is still of interest to Chesapeake Bay plan- ners because many of its residents recreate in the Estuary Area. The county compositions of the five Harrisburg sub- segments are shown in Table 3-56 as well as in Figure 3-23. Economic and demographic projections for the economic area as a whole and for its five subsegments, together with the historical data upon which the projections are based, are pre- sented in Tables 3-57 to 3-68. In addition to permit recon- cilitation with State planning regions, projections of population and total personel income for Franklin and Lebanon Counties are shown in Table 3-68. THE BALTIMORE ECONOMIC AREA The Baltimore, Maryland Economic Area (17) consists of one SMSA Estuary subsegment, three non-SMSA Estuary subseg- ments, andone non - SMSA non- Estuary subsegment. The county compositions of the five Baltimore subsegments are shown in Table 3-69 as well as in Figure 3-24. Economic and demo- graphic projections for the economic area as a whole and for its five subsegments, together with the historical data upon which the projections are based, are presented in Tables 3-70 to 3-81. Appendix 3 177 TABLE 3-37 SUB-SEGMENT AND COUNTY BREAKDOWN FOR ECONOMIC AREA 15 - PHILADELPHIA, PA.-N.J. 15-1 Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, Pa.-N.J. SMSA Warren, New Jersey Lehigh, Pennsylvania Northampton, Pennsylvania 15-.2 Atlantic City, N.J. SMSA Atlantic, New Jersey 15-3 Philadelphia, Pa.-N.J. SMSA Burlington, New Jersey Camden, New Jersey Gloucester, New Jersey Bucks, Pennsylvania Chester, Pennsylvania Delaware, Pennsylvania Montgomery, Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 15-4 Reading, Pa. SMSA Berks, Pennsylvania 15-5 Trenton, N.J. SMSA Mercer, New Jersey 15-6 Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton, N.J. SMSA Cumberland, New Jersey 15-7 Wilmington, Del.-N.J.-Md. SMSA* Salem, New Jersey New Castle, Delaware Cecil, Maryland 15-8 Residual Non-SMSA Area Cape May, New Jersey Ocean, New Jersey Carbon, Pennsylvania Monroe, Pennsylvania Schuylkill, Pennsylvania *Included in Estuary Area as defined. Appendix -3 178 OUT)CA AL6ANYO *NO WICK -51 LMIP#4 *13(NGHAMLON WWII PANTON UDSOURG PUKXSU AU00 ANCASTE; Uk. SOMER*ET PA YORK HAe Xlf 0 CLARKSIWAG MI) *IIAII H 01"@ @AOKi PHILADELPHIA ECONOMIC AREA (161 4 pANVUj wil,, YA .... Allentom - 80thlishern - Easton, Pa. - N.J. SMSA MURFEESBA 0 U, Atlantic City, N.J. SMSA Philadelphia, Pe. - N.J. SMSA Readino, Pa, SMSA T(ento., N.J@ SMSA Vineland - Miliville - Bridgmn, NA, SMSA Wjiminl;ton, DeC - N.J. - MdL SMSA* Residual Non-SMSA Area -included in Estuary Ama as defined FIGUU 3-22 Appendix 3 179 TABLE 3-38 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC TRENDS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 15 PHILADELPHIA, PA.-N.J. ECONOMIC AREA 15 PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA-NEW JERSEY POPULATION$ EMPLOYMENT, TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME AND EARNINGS BY SELECTED INDUSTRIES, SELECTED HISTORIC YEARS* 1950 1969 1950 1959 1962 1968 1969 POPULATION, JULY 1 59517,385 6o4299505 6t6679759 7oMs450 79210089 PER CAPITA INCOME (19675) 2.354 2,747 29876 3,545 39660 PER CAPITA INCOME RELATIVE (UScL.00) 1.14 1.13 1.11 1.07 1.07 TOTAL EMPLOYMENT 29207,384 2,523.123 EMPLOYMENT/POPULATION RATIO .40 .39 EARNINGS PER WORKER 119675)- 49770 5*720 EARNINGS PER WORKER RELATIVE(U5ml.00) 1.06 1.07 IN THOU%ANDS OF 1967 $ TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME 12,987.413 17,661,362 19*173,687 25.376o263 26,392.566 TOTAL EARNINGS 109528,668 14,431,104 i5*577*357 2095049109 2192539051 AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY 6 F15HERIES 274,516 214,483 2089251 1769623 1909021 AGRICULTURE 264,163 208*97o 2o29639 173sO7l 1669336 FORESTRY & FISHERIES 10,354 59513 59614 39550 3,483 MINING 96.077 589978 50,76o 539516 53,63o METAL 383 59393 8*55.,4 9$857 9*451 COAL 81,299 27,887 219141 209343 20,U41 CRUDE PETROLEUM 6 NATURAL GAS '46 301 1*734 19862 19885 NONMETALLIC, EXCEPT FUELS 14,350 25.394 19-334 Zls454 21t463 CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION 685,687 888,517 875049 192279579 10139325 MANUFAC7URING 4slOg,538 5,475,011 5.988*414 79465.774 796669042 FOOD & KINDRED PRODUCTS 318,915 432,437 4729403 5099949 5190194 TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS 474,270 2839949 2709656 2749418 275*637 APPAREL & OTHER FABRIC PRODUCTS 368,455 418,392 432,764 5189866 529,204 LUMBER PRODUCTS & FURNITURE 66,764 90*486 839870 1089208 1129135 PAPER & ALLIED PRODUCTS 137,877 I86s49O 202937s 243*772 253,856 PRINTING 6 PUBLISHING 201,203 304,371 323,351 4039917 3999601 CHEMICALS & ALLIED PRODUCTS 3589801 608,459 7319399 951086 988*787 PETROLEUM REFINING 169.613 210,225 1909785 238,353 248,641 PRIMARY METALS 400,179 5269152 570sO2O 719*504 712o0a FABRICATED METALS & ORDNANCE 321,639 434,929 434,95s 533%856 567,362 MACHINERY, EXCLUDING ELECTRICAL 450,594 5189946 7069841 770,070 ELECTRICALMACHINERY & SUPPLIES 580.528 763.357 902,315 890,719 TOTAL MACHINER YLJ1950 ONLY) 607.804 MOTOR VEHICLES & EQUIPMENT 88,671 153.811 140,227 2579421 256066 TRANS. EQUIP., EXCL. MYR. VEH5. 1109641 143.780 1769624 263027 2669950 OTHER MANUFACTURING 484,700 6509412 6769682 8339239 8759994 TRANS.. COMM. & PUBLIC UTILITIES 845,983 1,046,644 1,067,IZU 1018,098 1,335,740 RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION 2819934 2509092 2229609 2099726 209,476 TRUCKING & WAREHOUSING 131,435 222.639 233s2Z2 3579246 3629555 OTHER TRANSPORTATION & SERVICES 191,393 184,542 1929717 2269964 197034 COMMUNICATIONS 110,373 208,801 213*736 2519551 277,455 UTILITIES (ELEC..GAS. SANITARY) 130,844 182.565 224,838 2729610 288*019 WHOLESALE & RETAIL TRADE 19943,888 21489,445 2,536.528 3*2269510 30429433 FINANCE. INSURANCE & REAL ESTATE 459,207 716.459 7769829 1.0569659 1*072,550 SERVICES IsZI4,837 1,839.206 2,1059202 390309613 3,205,950 LODGING PLACES 6 PERSONAL SERV. 213,434 251,791 2569825 335,671 330066 BUSINESS & REPAIR SERVICES 149,764 260,392 345s272 526001 581040 AMUSEMENT 6 RECREATION SERVICES 72,439 89,558 91.746 104o972 1009725 PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS 239,652 215.911 206,694 161,76L 156.616 PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 539,550 11021053 IqZO4%671 1*901.407 2,036,404 GOVERNMENT $98'9@'5 1,700,363 1.948,49s 29948,821 300721543 CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT 712,347 1.363,146 1.621,303 29446.148 2,566007 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 320,610 547,783 638.79o 8921519 904,704 STATE & LOCAL GOVERNMENT 391.741 815.365 982,518 1.553*632 1,681.902 ARMED FORCES 186,586 337,217 327.192 502,671 485,929 DATA MAY NOT ADD TO HIGHER LEVEL TOTALS BECAUSE OF ROUNDING Appendix 3 180 TABLE 3-39 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC PROJECTION'S-FOR ECONOMIC AREA 15 PHILADELPHIA, PA.-N.J., 1980--2020, SERIES C ECONOMIC AREA 15 PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA-NEW JERSEY POPULATIONo EMPLOYMENT* TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME AND EARNINGs BY SELECTED INDUSTRIES, SELECTED PROJECTED YEARSs 1980 - 2020 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 POPULATION9 JULY 1 8#334.376 9o426,350 100169950 119704008 12,963056 PER CAPITA INCOME (1967S) 1 5,070 6,539 8*746 119466 15002 PER CAPITA INCOME RELATIVE (USal.00) 1.06 1.06 1.06 1.05 1.05 TOTAL EMPLOYMENT 3.359,230 3$764,619 4$2950392 4,8159686 59347.618 EMPLOYMENT/POPULATION RATIO .40 .40 .41 .41 .41 EARNINGS PER WORKER (1967$) 90921 129787 169577 219412 27006 EARNINGS PER WORKER RELATIVECUSti.oo) 1.06 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 IN THOUSANDS OF 1967 S TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME 42,256,469 619642,525 9199800028 13492119317 19497009300 TOTAL EARNINGS 33,326s459 48,139,678 71,204,590 103,1129259 148,697,161 AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY 6 FISHERIES 180.918 187ti8i 220,852 286o944 3831919 AGRICULTURE 176.005 181,077 213,143 2779225 3719877 FORESTRY & FISHERIES 4,913 6,104 7009 99719 12043 MINING 73.745 89.757 113,512 143,410 183.728 METAL 12,027 16.036 21*68a 29.061 389093 COAL 27,847 29.945 330207 369614 40#292 CRUDE PETROLEUM 6 NATURAL GAS 2,486 3.030 3969o 4.422 5.234 NONMETALLIC. EXCEPT FUELS 31,385 40.746 54,927 73,313 999309 CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION lt9789879 29855.274 492149860 6tOa99233 8*7319984 MANUFACTURING 119066,029 15,060,701 21,170,574 29,444,075 41,167082 FOOD 6 KINDRED PRODUCTS 672,199 812,929 1,0000018 1,2339625 1,530*027 TEXTILE 14ILL PRODUCTS 308,059 334,821 3809141 4329030 5049478 APPAREL & OTHER FABRIC PRODUCTS 718,255 900,176 1.1639567 1,493,548 1,9399402 LUMBER PRODUCTS & FURNITURE 147073 186,065 242,514 3149822 4149426 PAPER & ALLIED PRODUCTS 387,836 549.902 803,563 19158024 1,672*067 PRINTING 6 PUBLISHING 604,959 826,261 191699173 19639*081 2*310@983 CHEMICALS & ALLIED PRODUCTS 19553,994 2,254.606 3,3539599 49897,260 7#125*493 PETROLEUM REFINING 311,951 381.428 479,67o 596*876 758*063 PRIMARY METALS 887,909 1,084,669 1.353,937 1.665,602 2,075090 FABRICATED METALS & ORDNANCE 9029356 19301.101 1,9249100 Zt7949690 4,039,830 MACHINERY, EXCLUDING ELECTRICAL 1*131,698 19588.106 2*2949596 3.26solL 49653,920 ELECTRICAL MACHINERY & SUPPLIES 19391,982 2.013.224 2,971,709 4,287080 6,174,931 MOTOR VEHICLES & EQUIPMENT 453,341 640.418 9299754 1030o259 1'905v295 TRANS. EQUIP.. EXCL. MTR. VEHS. 318,271 436,339 617*153 8629768 1#209,343 OTHER MANUFACTURING 1,275,646 1,750,654 2#479.079 3,468,000 49854t915 TRANS.. COMM. 6 PUBLIC UTILITIES 1*945,353 2,683,551 3.815#075 5.3509427 79531070 RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION 258,963 287,375 320*303 345096 371vI37 TRUCKING & WAREHOUSING 552*733 778.565 IsI26*237 1,601.141 2#2749161 OTHER TRANSPORTATION 6 SERVICES 302.769 443.158 662-812 969.876 1,4129610 COMMUNICATIONS 420.797 619.530 9309116 1.363#942 1,986,971 UTILITIES (ELEC..GAS, SANITARY) 410,091 554,924 775,607 1,0709073 19486vI90 WHOLESALE 6 RETAIL TRADE 59415,185 7,8899457 11,7889070 17*2069L88 249991#871 FINANCE, INSURANCE & REAL ESTATE 1.683,048 2,411.1750 3.538.299 5.083,917 7.282,308 SERVICES 59621.035 8,684.702 13,524,043 20,338,458 30,098.223 LODGING PLACES & PERSONAL SERV. 540,080 769,513 191239437 1,607,007 2.290066 BUSINESS REPAIR SERVICES 1.0019592 1,5599022 2.442,204 39669*891 5941109945 AMUSEMENT RECREATION SERVICES 164.803 235,902 344,549 492,791 701,790 PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS 207,517 2459587 2949475 3449600 408064 PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 3,70?.044 5,874,678 9,3199378 14,204.170 21,215,73a GOVERNMENT 59362,268 89277,304 12,819.304 19.169,608 28,326,496 CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT 4*764*164 7001,298 11011*055 17.8649903 26.631,574 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 1,468,854 29061,244 298879611 3,8669419 5,023,199 STATE & LOCAL GOVERNMENT 3s295,310 59440,054 6s923.445 13.998.484 219608075 ARMED FORCES 598,103 776.006 1.0089249 1,304.705 1,6949922 DATA MAY NOT ADD TO HIGHER LEVEL TOTAL$ BECAUSE OF ROUNDING Appendix 3 181 TABLE 3-40 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC TRENDS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 15-1, ALLENTOWN-BETHLEHEM-EASTON, PA.-N.J. SMSA, 1950-1969 15-1 ALLENTOWN-BETHLEHEM.EA5TON, PENNSYLVANIA-NEW JERSEY SMSA POPULATION9 EMPLOYMENT. TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME AND EARNINGS BY SELECTED INUU5TRIESs SELECTED HISTORIC YEARS. 1950 1969 1950 1959 1962 1968 1969 POPULATION, JULY 1 438.565 488.393 493.681 535,241 538,436 PER CAPITA INCOME 11967s) 2,302 2,539 2,766 3,393 31508 PER CAPITA INCOME RELATIVE (US-1.00) 1.12 1.04 1.07 1.02 I.Oz TOTAL EMPLOYMENT 182,040 197.603 EMPLOYMENT/POPULATION RATIO .42 .40 EARNINGS PER WORKER 41967S) 4,706 5*301 EARNINGS PER WORKER RELATIVE([email protected]) 1.05 .99 IN THOUSANDS OF 1967 $ TOTAL PER50NAL INCOME 1,009,377 1,240.197 19365t682 lo8169156 1,8809764 TOTAL EARNINGS 856.745 1.047,423 1.144,289 1.521.540 1,5789489 AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY 6 FISHERIES 26.623 20*954 16,114 15*659 19058 AGRICULTURE 26.403 20.795 159898 159609 199003 FORESTRY & FISHERIES 221 159 216 52 55 MINING 59346 4,298 30906 49726 59070 METAL to) (D) (D) (DI (01 COAL (0) (D) (D) (D) (0) NONMETALLIC, EXCEPT FUELS 3,969 2,546 2,036 3,282 39950 CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION 41,626 54.356 51t906 819499 819397 MANUFACTURING 462,425 532.601 599,586 776,931 $059437 FOOD & KINDRED PRODUCTS 17,263 30,847 369754 449846 449868 TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS 64s669 31.656 35.12s 37,336 35s787 APPAREL & OTHER FABRIC PRODUCTS 46.687 59.457 70.932 919769 94,935 LUMBER PRODUCTS & FURNITURE 4.569 3,779 4,32s 69077 59653 PAPER & ALLIED PRODUCTS 140263 31044 189919 219055 229351 PRINTING PUBLISHING 10.944 15,598 lao417 259791 25026 CHEMICALS ALLIED PRODUCTS 11.509 16.713 18.131 23,648 23,992 PETROLEUM REFINING (D) (D) (D) (0) (0) PRIMARY METALS (D) (D) (D) to) (I)) FABRICATED METALS & ORDNANCE (0 (D) (D) (D) (9) MACHINERY* EXCLUDING ELECTRICAL 47,746 57069 749810 819745 ELECTRICAL MACHINERY & SUPPLIES 389026 54,99t 619644 659822 TOTAL MACHINERY (1950 ONLY) 52,716 MOTOR VEHICLES 6 EQUIPMENT 25,715 36.290 31.075 37sIO9 44.383 TRANS. EQUIP.. EXCL- MTR. VEH5. 0 .0 292 IOv8O4 139735 OTHER MANUFACTURING 46,920 529973 56sI97 64o979 64*211 TRANS.. COMM. & PUBLIC UTILITIES 74,052 71.214 779867 103031 IOS9892 RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION .31.467 23,247 20s58o 25,712 26,384 TRUCKING & WAREHOUSING 10.144 18,903 17s773 299855 3ZO201 OTHER TRANSPORTATION & SERVICES 5,210 3,968 59062 7,230 7,785 COMMUNICATIONS (D) (DI (D) (D) to) UTILITIES (ELEC.sGA5. SANITARY) (D) (D) (W (D) (0). WHOLESALE & RETAIL TRADE 132,950 163.613 165-549 2069195 2109753 FINANCE, INSURANCE 6 REAL ESTATE 16,208 32,247 34*586 47960a 479699 SERVICES 64$740 1029565 118942a 1749889 182*005 LODGING PLACES Z, PERSONAL SERV. 12,734 139697 159091 209273 291942 BUSINESS & REPAIR SERVICES 5,733 14.438 179089 289323 300540 AMUSEMENT & RECREATION SERVICES 4,289 4,018 4*206 49853 4v492 PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS 89519 9,122 99014 59798 59614 PROFE55IONAL SERVICES 33$466 61.290 72-956 1159643 1219915 GOVERNMENT 32,775 65074 769346 1109999 117078 CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT 30s389 61,235 72*047 1059803 1119873 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 5.575 9,375 10,287 14.030 149260 STATE 6 LOCAL GOVERNMENT 24015 51s860 61063 919774 97#612 ARMED FORCES 2,385 4,339 4*299 59196 59505 DATA MAY NOT ADD TO HIGHER LEVEL TOTALS BECAUSE OF ROUNDING (D) DELETED TO AVOID DISCLOSURE OF CONFIDENTIAL DATA Appendix 3 182 TABLE 3-41 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC PROJECTIONS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 15-1, ALLENTOWN-BETHLEHEM-EASTON, PA.-N.J. SMSA, 1980-2020, SERIES C 15-1 ALLENTOWN-8ETHLEHEM-EASTON, PfhNSYLVANIA-NEW JERSEY SMSA POPULATION9 EMPLOYMENT. IOTAL PERSONAL INCOME AND EARNINGS By SELECTED INDUSTRIES, SELECTED PROJECTED YEARS9 1980 2020 1980 1990 2000 zolo 2020 POPULATION. JULY 1 593,371 656.901 719.345 788,326 863:985 PER CAPITA INCOME (1967S) 6,459 8.647 11,343 14 646 PER CAPITA INCOME RELATIVE IUS=1.00) 1.05 1.05 1.04 1.04 1.04 TOTAL EMPLOYMENT 253.168 278.314 312-12a 344*501 3779196 EMPLOYMENT/POPULATION RATIO .43 .42 .43 .44 .44 EARNINGS PER WORKER (1967S) 9,419 12.109 15,68o 20,271 269402 EARNINGS PER WORKER RELATIVE(US=1.00) 1.00 1.00 .99 .99 .99 IN THOUSANDS OF 1967 S TOTAL. PERSONAL INCOME 2,968,223 4.243.008 6,220,083 8v9429264 1298269741 TOTAL EARNINGS 2,384.674 3.370.186 4.894.233 699839460 9.9589745 AGRICULTURE. FORESTRY 6 FISHERIES 13,921 14,177 169698 219713 290109 AGRICULTURE 13,843 149081 16,576 21.560 281920 FORESTRY & FISHERIES 15) (5) (5) (5) (5) MINING 6.475 8.447 119387 159210 209538 METAL (D) (D) .(D) (D) ju) COAL 4D) (D) (D) (0) 19) CRUDE PETROLEUM 6 NATURAL GAS (5) (5) (S) (5) 4b) NONMETALLIC$ EXCEPT FUELS 4,789 6.2ig 89383 11,189 l5oL57 CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION 133.728 194,871 290,189 422,400 6099609 MANUFACTURING 19108,978 1,473,680 Z9016s648_ 2*72a.208 3,713*830 FOOD & KINDRED PRODUCTS 68,164 899325 117,96s 151,495 194,582 TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS 43,292 48s567 569698 66,175 78,858 APPAREL & OTHER FABRIC PRODUCTS 136.848 178,115 236*631 309,307 405.519 LUMBER PRODUCTS & FURNITURE 6.790 8,007 9o825 129079 159132 PAPER 6 ALLIED PRODUCTS 33.576 47,572 699468 10o.106 1449453 PRINTING PUBLISHING 42.589 61,628 91,342 132,751 1929218 CHEMICALS ALLIED PRODUCTS 38,468 55.567 82,340 119,873 173023 PETROLEUM REFINING (D) (D) (D) (0) (U) PRIMARY METALS (0) (0) (0) (01 Wl FABRICATED METALS & ORDNANCE (D) (D) (D) (0) W) MACHINERY, EXCLUDING ELECTRICAL 124,148 175.793 255,946 367to4l 525*698 ELECTRICAL MACHINERY & SUPPLIES 84,890 115#667 160936o 216,586 2900739 MOTOR VEHICLES & EQUIPMENT 69.847 98,669 143.247 204.954 2939553 TRANS. EQUIP., EXCL. MTR. VEH5. (5) (5) (S) (5) (5) OTHER MANUFACTURING 86,643 109,373 143v618 1079647 2479105 TRANS., COMM. & PUBLIC UTILITIES 145,566 192.416 263,941 359*656 4959ZII RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION 30,236 32,463 35ol4l 36,980 389998 TRUCKING & WAREHOUSING 45,967 64*633 93,346 1329535 1889067 OTHER TRANSPORTATION & SERVICES 10,338 L5.681 249146 36*166 53.615 COMMUNICATIONS @(D) (D) (D) (0 (01 UTILITIES (ELEC..GA5, SANITARY) (0) (D) ID) (D) (u) WHOLESALE 6 RETAIL TRADE 344,048 499,025 742.300 1.078,711 1.5609271 FINANCE. INSURANCE 6 REAL ESTATE 85,485 131*293 2049702 3109343 4669155 SERVICES 325.577 503,954 765.156 1.179,957 1.743.355 LODGING PLACES & PERSONAL SERV. 33,606, 48,472 719492 103.106 147,930 BUSINESS & REPAIR SERVICES 55.901 89011 144*13g 2Z2,276 335,517 AMUSEMENT 6 RECREATION SERVICES 6.755 89896 129067 169142 219640 PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS 8,965 10.988 0*597 16,375 19#960 PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 220,351 345.887 543*862 8220058 1.2189309 GOVERNMENT 220,894 352,323 5639212 867.261 1,320,667 CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT 214.625 344*185 5529636 8539571 1'30@,879 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 18.367 21.175 249189 26,437 28#460 STATE & LOCAL GOVERNMENT 196,258 323,011 5289446 827,134 1#2749419 ARMED FORCES 6,270 89138 109577 13,690 170788 DATA MAY NOT ADD TO HIGHER LEVEL TOTALS BECAUSE OF ROUNDING (D) DELETED TO AVOID DISCLOSURE OF CONFIDENTIAL DATA (5) TOO SMALL To BE PROJECTED Appendix 3 183 TABLE 3-42 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC TRENDS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 15-2, ATLANTIC CITY, N.J. SMSA, 1950-1969 15-2 ATLANTIC CITY. NEW JERSEY SMSA POPULATION9 EMPLOYMENT, TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME AND EARNINGS BY SELECTED INOUSTRIES9 SELECTED HISTORIC YEARS. ig5o 1969 1950 1959 1962 1968 1969 POPULATION, JULY 1 133,403 159.507 1659522 1739753 174003 PER CAPITA INCOME (19675) 1,972 2,171 29415 3,103 3,195 PER CAPITA INCOME RELATIVE (USMI.00) .96 .89 .93 .93 .93 TOTAL EMPLOYMENT @29104 609312 EMPLOYMENT/POPULATION RATIO .39 .38 EARNINGS PER WORKER 11967S) 4,178 4.472 EARNINGS PER WORKER RELATIVE(V521.00) .93 .83 IN THOUSANDS OF 1967 S TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME 263,111 346.Z86 3999703 539.158 557#410 TOTAL EARNINGS 217,702 269.723 309o2lo 4029751 4149770 AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY & FISHERIES 12.153 11,839 110899 99557 6,949 AGRICULTURE 11.160 10,986 10.887 8070 8045 FORESTRY & FISHERIES 994 853 19012 586 604 MINING 72 38 224 78 69 CRUDE PETROLEUM & NATURAL GAS 0 0 0 0 12 NONMETALLIC, EXCEPT FUELS 72 38 224 78 57 CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION 16,445 209938 239989 32.329 349536 MANUFACTURING 28,367 36,844 45*223 65#101 68025 FOOD & KINDRED PRODUCTS (D) (D) ID) (0) (0) TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS (D) (D) ID) (D) (W APPAREL & OTHER FABRIC PRODUCTS 17,288 16.373 15,277 229401 22,397 LUMBER PRODUCTS 6 FURNITURE 838 19263 19679 19631 1#692 PAPER 6 ALLIED PRODUCTS (D) (D) (D) (0) (0) PRINTING 6 PUBLISHING (D) (D) (D) (D) (W CHEMICALS & ALLIED PRODUCTS (D) JD) (D) (D) (U) PETROLEUM REFINING 0 0 28 5 5 PRIMARY METALS (D) (D) (0) (D) (D) FABRICATED METALS & ORDNANCE (D) (D) (D) (D) (U) MACHINERY, EXCLUDING ELECTRICAL (D) (D) (D) (U) ELECTRICAL MACHINERY & SUPPLIES 693 84g Is484 10299 TOTAL MACHINERY (ioo ONLY) 813 MOTOR VEHICLES 6 EQUIPMENT 0 0 0 235 282 TRANS. EQUIP.. EXCL. MTR. VEHS. 207 751 1,529 2.671 3,515 OTHER MANUFACTURING 694 6.588 11,163 18983!) 20,416 TRANS., COMM. & PUBLIC UTILITIES 16,429 25.014 26,641 27,953 29,929 RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION 2,136 3,257 3*139 2,086 19928 TRUCKING 6 WAREHOUSING 2,073 2.805 3.135 4,220 4,533 OTHER TRANSPORTATION & SERVICES 3$340 3*679 40036 39212 2041 COMMUNICATIONS (D) .(D) (D) (D) (0) UTILITIES (ELEC-GAS. SANITARY) (0) (D) ID) (D) (0) WHOLESALE & RETAIL TRADE 529559 60.591 719889 889440 891809 FINANCE. INSURANCE & REAL ESTATE 11,557 19.096 219893 259180 259102 SERVICES 55,165 57,935 62,683 85036 85,102 LODGING PLACES & PERSONAL 5ERV. 31,102 27,845 27,669 Z9089 28,383 BUSINESS 6 REPAIR SERVICES 2.318 4,735 49555 99093 8,929 AMUSEMENT & RECREATION SERVICES 5.938 6,529 79575 8.983 8,278 PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS 5.164 3,213 3,321 2,88t 2.789 PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 10.642 15.614 19,564 34,490 36,723 GOVERNMENT 24.954 37.428 44,769 69,078 72,946 CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT 18.604 35,199 42,608 66.694 70.639 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 4.597 12.350 17.267 24,860 26,614 STATE 6 LOCAL GOVERNMENT 14,,007 22,848 25,346 41,832 449025 ARMED FORCES 61351 2,229 2*160 2.386 9.308 DATA MAY NOT ADD TO HIGHER LEVEL TOTALS BECAUSE OF ROUNDING (D) DELETED TO AVOID DISCLOSURE OF CONFIDENTIAL DATA Appendix 3 184 TABLE 3-43 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC PROJECTIONS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 15-2, ATLANTIC CITY, N.J. SMSA, 1980-2020, SERIES C 15-2 ATLANTIC CITYo NEW JERSEY SMSA POPULATION* EMPLOYMENT, TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME AND EARNING% BY SELECTED INDUSTRIESi SELECTED PROJECTED YEARS9 1980 2020 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 POPULATIONt JULY 1 206,262 226tTI5 246,751 2699004 293,717 PER CAPITA INCOME (1967S) 4,117 5.429 79406 99857 13*060 PER CAPITA INCOME RELATIVE (US91.00) .86 .88 .89 .90 .92 TOTAL EMPLOYMENT 77,509 85,650 96-565 1079180 1180166 EMPLOYMENT/POPULATION RATIO .38 .38 .39 .40 .40 EARNINGS PER WORKER 11967$) 8,399 10,970 149366 18*681 24027 EARNINGS PER WORKER RELATIVECUS91.00) .89 .90 .91 .91 .92 IN THOUsAND5 OF 1967 S TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME 849,217 1.230,821 1,825-866 2,6519532 30W9980 TOTAL EARNINGS 650.998 939.608 1087,266 2,0029274 2.875,117 AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY & FISHERIES 81951 9.357 11*099 149383 190130 AGRICULTURE 8,147 $9360 9984o 12,798 l7vI67 FORESTRY & F15HERIES is) is) (5) (5) (5) MINI@G (S) (5) (5) (5) (5) CRUDE PETROLEUM 6 NATURAL GAS (5) 45) is) (5) (3) NONMETALLIC, EXCEPT FUELS (5) is) (5) (5) (5) CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION 48.071 65,089 90072 125#008 172073 MANUFACTURING 1040584 147,890 2149354 305058 433.726 FOOD & KINDRED PRODUCTS (D) (D) (D) (D) (0) TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS (D) 4D) (D) (D) (U) APPAREL & OTHER FABRIC PRODUCTS 28.532 349867 439953 559031 699734 LUMBER PRODUCTS 6 FURNITURE 2,731 3051 5,276 7.337 10,284 PAPER & ALLIED PRODUCTS (D) (D) (D) (D) Wl PRINTING & PUBLISHING (0) (D) (0) (D) (W CHEMICALS 6 ALLIED PRODUCTS 40) (01 (0) (D) (01 PETROLEUM REFINING (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) PRIMARY METALS (D) (D) (D) (D) (0) FABRICATED METALS & ORDNANCE (D) (0) (D) (D) (0) MACHINERY9 EXCLUDING ELECTRICAL (D) (D) (D) (D) tv) ELECTRICAL MACHINERY & SUPPLIES 2,285 3*304 4081 7052 101141 MOTOR VEHICLES & EQUIPMENT is) (5) is) is) (5) TRANS. EQUIP.. EXCL. MTR. VEHS. 7,178 11093 179187 259728 379877 OTHER MANUFACTURING 380593 61.327 969707 1469448 2179002 TRANS.. COMM. & PUBLIC UTILITIES 41,492 56,277 78,581 108,154 1499520 RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION 39182 3,967 4,836 59581 69304 TRUCKING & WAREHOU51NG 6,185 8,416 110807 169355 22073 OTHER TRANSPORTATION & SERVICES 3,902 5,342 7#518 109435 141590 COMMUNICATIONS (D) (D) (D) (D) (u) UTILITIES (ELEC.,GAS. SANITARY) (D) (D) (D) (D) (u) WHOLESALE & RETAIL TRADE 148,631 216.868 324.221 473,101 686*619 FINANCE. INSURANCE & REAL ESTATE 38,260 54,283 78,868 112v292 1599415 SERVICES 136.854 199,576 996.712 430,031 618,105 LODGING PLACES & PERSONAL SERV. 41#863 54.967 74,477 99s834 135078 BUSINESS 6 REPAIR SERVICES 15,496 23,905 379154 55062 82#393 AMUSEMENT & RECREATION SERVICES 14.247 20,630 30,4L7 43.841 62*612 PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS 2,872 3till 3,448 39756 4,1.77 PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 62,376 96,963 1519216 2269838 333o645 GOVERNMENT 124,040 190.120 292,46o 433,680 6359567 CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT 1219811 187,226 2si),70o 428,814 629,244 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 36,487 49,617 67,631 88*534 113042 STATE & LOCAL GOVERNMENT 85.324 137,609 221069 3409279 5169901 ARMED FORCES 2,230 2,893 3,759 49867 69323 DATA MAY NOT ADD TO HIGHER LEVEL TOTALS BECAUSE OF ROUNDING (D) DELETED TO AVOID DISCLOSURE OF CONFIDENTIAL DATA (S@ TOO SMALL TO BE PROJECTED Appendix 3 185 TABLE 3-44 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC TRENDS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 15-3, PHILADELPHIA, PA.-N.J. SMSA, 1950-1969 15-3 PHILADELPHIA. PENNSYLVANIA-NEW JERSEY SMSA. POPULATION, EMPLOYMENT, TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME AND EARNINGS BY SELECTED INDUSTRIES. SELECTED HISTORIC YEARS. 1950 1969 1950 1959 Y962 1968 1969 POPULATION. JULY 1 3,677,748 4,309,397 4,455.389 4.7369520 4,7699714 PER CAPITA INCOME (1967s@ 2.387 2.817 2.941 3,634 3,754 PER CAPITA INCOME RELATIVE (US=1.00) 1.16 1.15 I.L4 1.09 1.09 TOTAL EMPLOYMENT 1,466.901 11689.766 EMPLOYMENT/POPULATION RATIO .40 .39 EARNINGS PER WORKER (1967S) 4.867 5,906 EARNINGS PER WORKER RELATIVE(US=I.OO) 1.08 1.10 IN THOUSANDS OF 1967 S TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME 8,778,661 12.141,360 13.102,566 17,213.823 17,904.093 TOTAL EARNINGS 7,139,061 9,979,932 10.708,252 13,9679700 14,4469719 AGRICULTURE. FORESTRY FISHERIES 123.833 108,187 108.469 7T,644 82,485 AGRICULTURE 122,297 107,174 107#597 77#273 82*120 FORESTRY & FISHERIES 1,535 1,013 871 371 366 MINING 9.299 15.125 11-112 11.646 11,786 METAL 1 11 10 1 COAL (D) (D) (D) (0) CRUDE PETROLEUM & NATURAL GAS (D) (D) (D) (D) tO) NONMETALLIC, EXCEPT FUELS 6,345 14.239 89962 9068 90600 CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION 489,688 607,176 599,379 831,793 905.5.64 MANUFACTURING 2,650,456 3.632,256 3,940,442 4,7649283 4,876,834 FOOD & KINDRED PRODUCTS 244,080 315,322 3459516 366053 375*261 TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS 288,329 180,00 159,947 1559186 156,455 APPAREL & OTHER FABRIC PRODUCTS 226.022 -246.952 251,243 2829919 285,668 LUMBER PRODUCTS & FURNITURE 52,L66 73,348 64.058 80,838 829681 PAPER & ALLIED PRODUCTS 106,579 133,681 162.152 Igo,172 197,122 PRINTING 6 PUBLISHING 168tI72 256.120 2669287 3139918 3089291 CHEMICALS & ALLIED PRODUCTS 154,453 282,169 321-936 411*520 430,169 PETROLEUM REFINING 166.502 202.2ol 182,062 221.187 23U9889 PRIMARY METALS 160,560 zb5.970 288,007 3499993 345.943 FABRICATED METALS 6 ORDNANCE 230,702 308,939 310,921 385VO02 4059169 MACHINERY. EXCLUDING ELECTRICAL 339.224 384,205 526,860 573,044 ELECTRICAL MACHINERY & SUPPLIES 449.021 609,449 703,896 684,777 TOTAL MACHINERY (1950 ONLY) 442.477 MOTOR VEHICLES & EQUIPMENT 28,392 45,148 44-003 90,315 94,109 TRANS. EQUIP.. EXCL. MTR. VEHS. 106.857 135.581 166.794 202.085 201'10@ OTHER MANUFACTURING 275,161 398,571 383,863 484.036 5069139 TRANS., COMM. & PUBLIC UTILITIES 608.078 748.4a7 767.769 919,945 9169413 RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION 173,033 157,581 139,653 129.339 128.770 TRUCKING & WAREHOUSING 98.825 157,521 162.la2 247002 2469320 OTHER TRANSPORTATION 6 SERVICES 168,373 157.885 161,225 184,022 154o669 COMMUNICATIONS 85.651 156,140 159,604 la6*057 2039392 UTILITIES (ELEC..GAS. SANITARY) 82.193 119,358 145,107 173.025 183,261 WHOLESALE & RETAIL TRADE 1-401.585 1,805.830 11813-994 2004.723 29391.174 FINANCE, INSURANCE & REAL ESTATE 367.304 550.380 597,130 815t209 827053 SERVICES 853,360 L,301,064 194949595 2,14a,a34 2,267*114 LODGING PLACES & PERSONAL SERV. 124,304 158,033 157,973 206,645 2029436 BUSINESS REPAIR SERVICES 1139895 181056 26L,347 3909416 427072 AMUSEMENT RECREATION SERVICES 40,080 61.174 59,053 679432 65.779 PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS 182,436 1619921 151vb45 118*954 1159902 PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 384,646 737,982 864v579 1,365,356 194569126 GOVERNMF,NT 635.458 1,211.426 1,375,359 2,093*629 2*167,405 CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT 4790632 951,686 191249462 1#6a59077 L97769914 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 267,103 4469055 5179541 7149873 7239337 STATE & LOCAL GOVERNMENT 212.531 505,631 6069921 9709204 19053#579 ARMED FORCES 155,824 259.740 250,896 408*551 3909578 DATA MAY-NOT ADD TO HIGHER LEVEL TOTALS BECAUSE OF ROUNDING (D) DELETED TO AVOID DISCLOSURE OF CONFIDENTIAL DATA Appendix 3 186 TABLE 3-45 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC PROJECTIONS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 15-3, PHILADELPHIA, PA.-N.J. SMSA, 1980-2020, SERIES C 15-3 PHILADELPHIA. PENNSYLVANIA-NEW JERSEY SMSA POPULATIONs EMPLOYMENT. TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME AND EARNINGS BY SELECTED INDUSTRIES, SELECTED PROJECTED YEARS, 1980 2020 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 POPULATION, JULY 1 5,523 231 69229,587 6,933:86: 7,702:150 8,530:974 PER CAPITA INCOME (19675) 5:156 6.6 36 8 85 11 593 15 144 PER CAPITA INCOME RELATIVE [email protected]) 1.08 1.08 1.07 1.06 1-06 TOTAL EMPLOYMENT 2*222,440 2,479.843 29819,066 39151$452 3,492.940 EMPLOYMENT/POPULATION RATIO .40 .40 .41 .41 .41 EARNINGS PER WORKER (1967S) 10.132 13,043 16987s 21.751 289170 EARNINGS PER WORKER RELATIVE(U$21.00) 1.08 1.07 1.07 1.06 1.06 IN THOU.%AND5 OF 1967 S TOTAL PER50NAL INCOME 28,478,993 41,337.967 61*4189215 89,2919193 1299196oll6 TOTAL EARNINGS 22,517.903 32,344.059 47.579,941 68.548*693 98,396*172 AGRICULTURE. FORESTRY & FISHERIES 82.112 83,643 98.501 128,088 171.730 AGRICULTURE Bi,669 83.093 97,807 127,214 170.648 FORESTRY 6 FISHERIES (5) (S) (S) (5) (5) MINING 16.423 21,034 27.992 369956 499464 METAL (5) (5) (S) (5) (5) COAL (D) @(D) (D) W (W CRUDE PETROLEUM & NATURAL GAS (D) (0) (D) (0) (0) NONMETALLICo EXCEPT FUELS 14,348 18,626 259104 33008 459392 CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION 1.330,166 1,907,260 2.799.677 4.024.901 5,747,652 MANUFACTURING 7.014.596 9,499,053 13.303,755 18,455,617 25,768,114 FOOD & KINDRED PRODUCTS 470,721 5609097 6840807 828006 1.0179510 TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS 167,070 176.364 195,119 217,268 248014 APPAREL & OTHER FABRIC PRODUCTS 372,759 448,011 5560802 689*684 867,931 LUMBER PRODUCTS 6 FURNITURE 107.225 132.854 170023 21o.525 284.742 PAPER & ALLIED PRODUCTS 303.758 430.386 628,482 9059659 1,3069567 PRINTING PUBLISHING 456,088 610,489 848,80q 1917Z,592 1,634,233 CHEMICALS ALLIED PRODUCTS 669,338 969,625 11440,332 2,100,871 3.053,864 PETROLEUM REFINING 283,628 342.331 425,619 524,478 660,792 PRIMARY METALS 4329OZ7 527,394 657,88o 8089835 100079110 FABRICATED METAL$ & ORDNANCE 651,122 9379711 103859133 2,0109125 2,904,317 MACHINERY, EXCLUDING ELECTRICAL 830,050 1,157,767 2,352,038 3.325,938 ELECTRICAL MACHINERY 6 SUPPLIES 1.103,431 1.606,739 29388,238 3,470,458 5.035,357 MOTOR VEHICLES & EQUIPMENT 140,960 199,131 2899096 @413.628 59Z,434 TRANS. EQUIP.. EXCL. MTR. VEHS. 2890541 392,744 550,306 763.173 1,062,721 OTHER MANUFACTURING 736,876 1,007,410 1,420,471 Is979.979 2.7659984 TRANS., COMM. 6 PUBLIC UTILITIES 1,351,690 L,864,444 2,647,424 3.705,972 5,205,112 RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION 162,335 la2,014 204.634 222,276 240vZ92 TRUCKING 6 WAREHOUSING 381,027 534.676, 7709879 1,0929972 195499292 OTHER TRANSPORTATION 6 SERVICES 241,197 348,527 515,552 747,605 1,081,346 COMMUNICATIONS 305,151 443,222 6579053 9529359 1.372,817 UTILITIES (ELEC.,GAS. SANITARY) 261,980 356.005 4990307 6909760 961,365 WHOLESALE & RETAIL TRADE 3.799.846 51459,099 8.0539399 11,623sO27 16,719,959 FINANCE, INSURANCE & REAL ESTATE 1*265.346 1,779,326 2.5659560 396299029 5,1279345 SERVICES 3.964,556 6,093.506 99445.074 14,1479697 20,867o989 LODGING PLACES & PERSONAL SERV. 334,694 475.724 693.123 989,842 1,4099306 BUSINESS & REPAIR SERVICES 7379090 19138,440 19771,561 2,6619888 3,9369714 AMU EMENT 6 RECREATION SERVICES 106s551 151,887 22190-56 3159281 4489127 PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS 148,067 172,513 203997s 2359772 2761777 PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 2,638,153 49154,942 695559359 999449914 14,7979065 GOVERNMENT 3*693,169 5,636,694 8,6389560 12,7979407 18.738,807 CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT 39208,016 5,0069993 79820*164 11#7389109 17,3699401 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 19175,654 19651,071 20149542 391009745 4,030*098 STATE 6 LOCAL GOVERNMENT 2,032,362 39355.922 595059622 896379365 13,3329302 ARMED FORCES 485,152 629.701 8189396 1.059t298 19376t406 DATA MAY NOT ADD TO HIGHER LEVEL TOTALS BECAUSE OF ROUNDING (D) DELETED TO AVOID DISCLOSURE OF CONFIDENTIAL DATA (S) TOO SMALL TO BE PROJECTED Appendix 3 187 TABLE 3-46 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC TRENDS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 15-4, READING, PA. SMSA, 1950-1969 15-4 READINGo PENNSYLVANIA SMSA POPULATION* EMPLOYMENT, TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME AND EARNINGS BY SELECTED INDUSTRIES9 SELECTED HISTORIC YEARS. -1950 1969 1950 1959 1962 1968 1969 POPULATION, JULY 1 255,959 273,337 285.312 2939615 294.336 PER CAPITA INCOME (1967S) 2,231 2.508 2*572 39342 3t4TO PER CAPITA INCOME RELATIVE (USgI.00) 1.08 1.03 1.00 1.01, 1. 01- TOTAL EMPLOYMENT 1129939 117vI45 EMPLOYMENT/POPULATION RATIO .44 .43 EARNINGS PER WORKER (1967S) 4,174 4061 EARNINGS PER WORKER RELATIVE(U5=1.00) .93 .89 IN THOUSANDS OF 1967 S TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME 570,985 685,637 733.94o 9819193 1,0219209 TOTAL EARNINGS 471,422 557,672 607,198 819,177 850.349 AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY & FISHERIES 20.604 16,410 130353 130818 160361 AGRICULTURE 20,562 16,246 13#187 13072 16016 FORESTRY & FISHERIES 43 164 166 45 44 MINING 609 5,824 8138s 109327 99990 METAL (D) (D) (D) (D) 40) COAL 7 21 19 30 20 CRUDE PETROLEUM & NATURAL GAS (0) (D) (D) (01 40) NONMETALLIC, EXCEPT FUELS (D) (D) (D) (D) CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION 23.105 24.820 250983 39v039 399266 MANUFACTURING 245,813 268.504 299o623 4029473 4159106 FOOD & KINDRED PRODUCTS 16,252 21,660 25o691 309987 329021 TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS 79,592 43.157 44.329 48,880 48.910 APPAREL 6 OTHER FABRIC PRODUCTS 10,491 16,900 16*592 219681 239426 LUMBER PRODUCTS 6 FURNITURE 1,686 49630 5.222 9,157 9'Z98 PAPER & ALLIED PRODUCTS (D) (D) 4D) IDI (0 PRINTING & PUBLISHING 3,433 5.057 69248 s.137 8,@54 CHEM:CALS & ALLIED PRODUCTS 5,419 8*703 9,064 149064 109059 PETROLEUM REFINING (D) (D) (D) (D) (L); PRIMARY METALS 42,168 50,624 549893 71,503 72030 FABRICATED METALS & ORDNANCE 12,323 12,526 15*203 15016 169262 MACHINERY, EXCLUDING ELECTRICAL 21.176 29926o 42*622 479062 ELECTRICAL MACHINERY & SUPPLIES 23,036 359.594 479893 48,745 TOTAL MACHINERY (1950 ONLY) 299538 MOTOR VEHICLES & EQUIPMENT 18.009 27.440 229158 35.435 359061 TRANS. EQUIP.. EXCL. MTR. VEH5. 50 579 618 109517 11905 OTHER MANUFACTURING 190324 24,205 249396 319118 369004 TRANS., COMM. & PUBLIC UTILITIES 29,739 33,848 37.23@ 49,026 51,744 RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION 17.392 L3.015 11.352 9,597 10,042 TRUCKING & WAREHOUSING 3,244 5,979 8*566 169145 17,616 OTHER TRANSPORTATION 6 SERVICES 1.779 3,049 2,945 3.434 3,343 COMMUNICATIONS (D) (0) (D) (0) (0) UTILITIES (ELEC.,GAS. SANITARY) (D) (D) (D) (D) (0) WHOLESALE & RETAIL TRADE 69.723 84-410 86,746 107s562 110#623 FINANCE. INSURANCE & REAL ESTATE 12,752 23.034 249277 329607 32083 SERVICES 479851 62,754 67.254 100*035 1069253 LODGING PLACES & PERSONAL SERV. 8,487 7,968 99007 12088 119046 BUSINESS & REPAIR SERVICES 9,003 11.400 89740 14074 159682 AMUSEMENT 6 RECREATION SERVICES 2.378 2,340 3,127 3,675 39437 PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS 5,270 5,588 59746 3,949 3.823 PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 22,713 35,457 40,634@ 65,249 719,66 GOVERNMENT 21,22,5 38.068 44,34a 64,290 689002 CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT 19,463 35.909 42.207 61.729 65.293 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 3,202 5,414. 6,164 9,207 99048 STATE 6 LOCAL GOVERNMENT 16.262 30.495 36.043 52,522 56.Z44 ARMED FORCES 1,762 2,159 2,141 2,561 2,709 DATA MAY NOT ADD TO HIGHER LEVEL TOTALS BECAUSE OF ROUNDING (D) DELETED TO AVOID DISCLOSURE OF CONFIDENTIAL DATA Appendix 3 XF 188 TABLE 3-47 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC PROJECTIONS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 15-4, READING, PA. SMSA, 1980-2020, SERIES C 15-4 READING, PENNSYLVANIA SMSA POPULATION* EMPLOYMENT; TOTALCPERSONALSINCOME ANDOEARNINGS By SELECTED INDUSTRIES. SELECTE PROJE TED YEAR , 1980 2 20 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 POPULATION. JULY 1 326.881 363,875 400,453 4409651 4849703 PER CAPITA INCOME (1967S) 4,908 6,352 8*52o IIt2OO 149673 PER CAPITA INCOME RELATIVE (US=1.00) 1.03 1.03 1.03 1.03 1.03 TOTAL EMPLOYMENT 147t490 L619520 1809648 1990212 2189473 EMPLOYMENT/POPULATION RATIO .45 .44 .45 .45 .45 EARNINGS PER WORKER (1967S) 8,746 11.299 199063 24@V51 EARNINGS PER WORKER RELATIVE(U591.00) .93 .93 .93 .93 .94 IN THOUSANDS OF 1967 S TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME 1,604,250 2.311,292 394119910 4.9@5sI35 7,112*267 TOTAL EARNINGS 19289.905 1,824,952 29655.425 3,797,644 5,429*376 AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY 6 FISHERIES 15,041 15.240 179946 93,337 31s994 AGRICULTURE 149986 159172 179859 Z39228 31909 FORESTRY & FISHERIES (5) (S) (5) (5) (S) MINING 13,116 17,318 239323 31tI15 419613 METAL (D) (D) (D) (0) Wj COAL (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) CRUDE PETROLEUM & NATURAL GAS (D) (D) (D) (D) (U) NONMETALLIC9 EXCEPT FUELS (D) (D) (D) (D) (u) CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION 631716 92.475 1379281 1999342 287ol84 MANUFACTURING 585,436 789*622 1,099,921 1,517.432 2,109,800 FOOD & KINDRED PRODUCTS 45.240 58,110 75960o 96,026 122077 TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS 57,283 63.93a 749143 85#767 101,035 APPAREL & OTHER FABRIC PRODUCTS 35.303 48,093 669111 88,615 II#t277 LUMBER PRODUCTS & FURNITURE 14.120 19,116 269353 35.713 48011 PAPER & ALLIED PRODUCTS (D) ID) (D) (D) 10) PRINTING 6 PUBLISHING 13,460 199505 289940 42,100 60,996 CHEMICALS 6 ALLIED PRODUCTS 23.205 33,992 51,006 759078 1109016 PETROLEUM REFINING (D) (D) I (D) (D) (u) PRIMARY METALS 889143 107,599 134,222 165.019 205t471 FABRICATED METALS & ORDNANCE 23,165 30,442 4106s 55,700 75.06 MACHINERY. EXCLUDING ELECTRICAL 80,415 121.662 188,462 2869454 433,358 ELECTRICAL MACHINERY 6 SUPPLIES 78$549 118.190 180.356 2679412 393,534 MOTOR VEHICLES & EQUIPMENT 609584 80,058 109*427 1489645 204IZ23 TRANS. EQUIP.. EXCL. MTR. VEHS. (S) (S) (5) (5) (b) OTHER MANUFACTURING 42,741 56,365 769981 104,207 141,745 TRANS., COMM. & PUBLIC UTILITIES 71,212 96,124 134,33o 1859867 258,968 RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION 10,948 11,500 129200 129612 lasill TRUCKING & WAREHOUSING 25,014 35.280 510087 729690 1039321 OTHER TRANSPORTATION & SERVICES 4.473 6,501 9.662 14,066 209400 COMMUNICATIONS (D) (D) ID) (D) (0) UTILITIES (ELEC..GA5, SANITARY) (D) (D) (D) (D) (u) WHOLESALE & RETAIL TRADE 174,629 248,533 3634476 519078 7409448 FINANCE, INSURANCE & REAL ESTATE 55,166 819617 1229856 17999zz 261*007 SERVICES 187,367 289,735 451.018 677o595 1.001,561 LODGING PLACES & PERSONAL SERV. 19,043 26.766 38o599 54,626 77.128 BU51NESS REPAIR SERVICES 28,722 46,100 749065 1149206 17Z015 AMUSEMENT RECREATION SERVICES 5,575 '7.948 119567 l6o499 23,449 PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS 5.718 7.256 9-196 11,238 13,777 PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 128,309 201,666 317,591 481,026 714093 GOVERNMENT 124,222 194,287 3059274 4639257 697,502 CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT 121,153 190.303 3000096 456,555 688,794 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 11.758 13,475 15-294 16,562 17.626 STATE & LOCAL GOVERNMENT 109.395 176,82a 2840802 439,993 671.168 ARMED FORCES 3.070 31984 5*178 6,702 89708 DATA MAY NOT ADD TO HIGHER LEVEL TOTALS BECAUSE OF ROUNDING (D) DELETED TO AVOID DISCLOSURE OF CONFIDENTIAL DATA (5) TOO SMALL TO BE PROJECTED Appendix 3 189 TABLE 3-48 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC TRENDS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 15-5, TRENTON, N.J. SMSA, 1950-1969 15-5 TRENTON, NEW JERSEY 5MSA POPULATION* EMPLOYMENT, TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME AND EARNINGS BY SELECTED INDUSTRIES, SELECTED HISTORIC YEARS, 1950 1969 1950 1959 1962 1968 1969 POPULATION, JULY 1 231.524 264,11a 278,291 306,916 305,795 PER CAPITA INCOME (1967s) 2.581 2,987 3,105 3,818 3*933 PER CAPITA INCOME RELATIVE (U5zI.OO) 1.25 1.22 1.2o 1.15 1.15 TOTAL EMPLOYMENT 97.900 109-334 EMPLOYMENT/POPULATION RATIO .42 .41 EARNINGS PER WORKER (1967S) 5,097 6,375 EARNINGS PER WORKER RELATIVE(U5-1.00) 1.13 1.19 IN THOUsAND5 OF 1967 S TOTAL PER50NAL INCOME 5970643 788.896 864*006 1,171,680 1,202,782 TOTAL EARNINGS 498.994 696.96a 744.626 960068 1.002.169 AGRICULTURE. FORESTRY 6 F15HERIES 8,238 5082 6*219 69358 69681 AGRICULTURE 8,145 5,782 6.219 6.353 69876 FORESTRY & FISHERIES 94 0 0 5 5 MINING (D) (D) (D) (0) (D) CRUDE PETROLEUM & NATURAL GAS 0 0 0 6 5 NONMETALLIC, EXCEPT FUELS (D)- (D) (D) (D) (D) CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION 25,897 42.191 399266 39,149 40,399 MANUFACTURING 228-863 269o443 275-526 336,599 3419118 FOOD 6 KINDRED PRODUCTS 8.003 8,664 9*029 11,530 10,618 TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS 9,700 3.193 2,492 19774 19749 APPAREL & OTHER FABRIC PRODUCTS 9.167 89566 5,996 9.122 89757 LUMBER PRODUCTS & FURNITURE 3,279 1,523 1,611 2.150 2.176 PAPER & ALLIED PRODUCTS (0) (D) (0) (D) (U) PRINTING & PUBLISHING 3,914 6,390 9,509 2T.101 26.685 CHEMICALS & ALLIED PRODUCTS 6,620 9.473 179195 24011 259619 PETROLEUM REFINING (D) ID) (D) (D) (0) PRIMARY METALS 17.026 27.481 17,119 159765 149467 FABRICATED METALS & ORDNANCE 35.199 47,003 49.394 53033 52.436 MACHINERY, EXCLUDING ELECTRICAL 27.453 31,754 39.401 42,685 ELECTRICAL MACHINERY 6 SUPPLIES 62,46a 499706 71063 73,019 TOTAL MACHINERY (1950 ONLY) 65,520 MOTOR VEHICLES & EGUIPMENT 0 0 0 12 10 TRANS. EQUIP.- EXCL. MTR. VEHS. 359 54 55 40 29 OTHER MANUFACTURING 65,107 589818 759564 69,406 71*607 TRANS.. COMM. 6 PUBLIC UTILITIES 24.303 42,'532 44,270 52,762 54*152 RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION 7,057 9.291 8.986 8.078 7,476 TRUCKING & WAREHOUSING 5,550 11,864 119564 16*527 179004 OTHER TRANSPORTATION & SERVICES 4,092 3.206 3.151 4.398 39920 COMMUNICATIONS M (D) (D), (0) (0) UTILITIES (ELEC.,GAS, SANITARY) (D) (D) (D) (D) (0) WHOLESALE & RETAIL TRADE 81,049 103.77s 108,017 127.614 L269356 FINANCE, INSURANCE & REAL ESTATE (D) (D) (D) (0) SERVICES 61.459 108093 1250126 184,437 2o5s869 LODGING PLACES.& PER50NAL SERV. 90883 100395 119578 13,594 149002 BUSINE55 & REPAIR SERVICES 79003 21.800 219302 349134 43,941 AMUSEMENT & RECREATION SERVICES. 2,129 2,641 3-126 29838 2031 PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS 11.302 9.402 9,874 89029 79773 PROFE55IONAL SERVICES 31,141 54,154 79*247 1259842 1379422 GOVERNMENT 54,920 97,757 116,428 1779934 191,189 CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT 52.492 93,248 112,499 173s499 1871259 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 59865 13,346 15*261 229710 23.324 STATE 6 LOCAL GOVERNMENT 46,627 79,902 97.238 1501789 163035 ARMED FORCES 2.429 4.509 3.929 4,435 3.929 DATA MAY NOT ADD TO HIGHER LEVEL TOTALS BECAUSE OF ROUNDING (D) DELETED TO AVOID DISCL05URE OF CONFIDENTIAL DATA Appendix 3 190 TABLE 3-49 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC PROJECTIONS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 15-5, TRENTON, N.J. SMSA, 1980-2020, SERIES C 15-5 TRENTON* NEW JERSEY SMSA POPULATION9 EMPLOYMENT, TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME AND EARNINGs BY SELECTED INDUSTRIES, SELECTED PROJECTED YEARS9 1980 2020 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 POPULATION, JULY 1 381.633 453,431 526*520 6049798 6869705 PER CAPITA INCOME (1967S) 5.515 6,952 9.145 11,862 15V449 PER CAPITA INCOME RELATIVE ([email protected]) 1.16 1.13 1.10 1.09 1.08 TOTAL EMPLOYMENT 158,534 183,735 215s527 247,074 279.014 EMPLOYMENT/POPULATION RATIO .42 .41 .41 .41 .41 EARNINGS PER WORKER (1967S) 10,521 13,59a 17*707 22.971 29,984 EARNINGS PER WORKER RELATIVE(VSzl.00) 1.12 1.12 1.12 1.12 1.13 IN THOVsANDS OF 1967 5 TOTAL PER50NAL INCOME 29104,522 3,152,4145 4,815,032 7*1739885 10.6099196 TOTAL EARNINGS 1,668.001 2.49895@3 398169245 5t675t464 893659884 AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY & FISHERIES 5,877 7.102 99236 12088 AGRICULTURE 5.866 6.019 7-004 9,214 129-361 FORESTRY 6 FISHERIES 15) (5) (5) (5) (5) MINING (D) (D) (D) (0) (0) CRUDE PETROLEUM & NATURAL GAS (5) (Si (5) (5) (5) NONMETALLIC9 EXCEPT FUELS (D) (D) (D) (D) (0) CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION 64,086 92,926 137,821 200.001 287,960 MANUFACTURING 494,903 668*155 933.413 1,289,367 1.785,855 FOOD & KINDRED PRODUCTS 15020 19,305 24,238 29,959 379420 TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS (5@ (5) (5) 1 (S) (5) APPAREL & OTHER FABRIC PRODUCTS IOt294 11,373 13.107 15,132 17,610 LUMBER PRODUCTS 6 FURNITURE 3.190 4oI94 59652 7034 IOIL07 PAPER & ALLIED PRODUCTS (D) (D) (D) (D) (u) PRINTING & PUBLISHING 47,376 70,471 106,615 1579310 2309174 CHEMICALS 6 ALLIED PRODUCTS 52,518 87.011 143,049 225.088 345087 PETROLEUM REFINING (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) PRIMARY METALS 19,513 23,820 29,714 36,531 45,467 FABRICATED METALS & ORDNANCE 84,699 117,106 166,855 234*877 331,305 MACHINERY, EXCLUDING ELECTRICAL 57.L48 74087 100,444 134.593 181,137 ELECTRICAL MACHINERY & SUPPLIES 99.086 134,992 187.16o 2529793 339060 MOTOR VEHICLES & EQUIPMENT (S) (S) IS) (5) (5) TRANS. EQUIP., EXCL. MTR. VEHS. (S) (5) 15) (5) (5) OTHER MANUFACTURING 87,813 102,75a 126,057 154,935 19Z.901 TRAN5,, COMM. & PUBLIC UTILITIES 82.909 117,875 171.65o 2459200 3490747 RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION 10,886 12,736 14,817 16s53L 181230 TRUCKING & WAREHOUSING 26,127 37.306 549560 789295 111,965 OTHER TRANSPORTATION & SERVICES 4,444 5.979 80298 119335 159522 COMMUNICATIONS (0) (D) (0) (D) (0) UTILITIES (ELEC..GAS. SANITARY) (D) (D) (D) (D) (u) WHOLESALE & RETAIL TRADE 2259390 3361942 5130927 7629057 19118#981 FINANCE. INSURANCE & REAL ESTATE (D) (D) 40) (D) lu) SERVICES 362.683 580.072 929.03a 1,428073 2.148,883 LODGING PLACES & PERSONAL SERY. 21.886 30.962 449925 639949 901011 BUSINESS & REPAIR SERVICES 68,444 109,853 176000 2729199 410016 AMUSEMENT 6 RECREATION SERVICES 6.006 9.959 16.217 25sI34 37,902 PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS 10,132 12,057 14026 17.067 200128 PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 256.214 417.240 676t869 1,0509024 195899UZ7 GOVERNMENT 372,396 606.85a 9869871 195399694 29367%671 CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT 367.473 600,469 978066 195Z89946 2,353,904 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 33,453 43,678 57001 72,471. 89075 STATE & LOCAL GOVERNMENT 334,020 556,790 921,265 1,456,474 2.263t929 ARMED FORCES 4,923 6,39o 8005 109749 139967 DATA MAY NOT ADD TO HIGHER LEVEL TOTALS,BECAU5E OF ROUNDING (D) DELETED TO AVOID DISCLOSURE OF CONFIDENTIAL DATA (5) TOO SMALL TO BE PROJECTED Appendix 3 191 TABLE 3-50 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC TRENDS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 15-6, VINELAND-MILLVILLE-BRIDGETON, N.J. SMSA, 1,950-1969 15-6 VINELAND-MILLVILLE-BRIDGETON, NEW JERSEY SM5A POPULATION. EMPLOYMENT. TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME AND EARNINGS BY SELECTED INDUSTRIES, SELECTED HISTORIC YEARS. 1950 1969 1956 1959 1962 1968 1969 POPULATION; JULY 1 89,269 105.938 110,69o 119,786 1209722 PER CAPIT INCOME 11967S) 2,083 2,454 29653 3,21U 3.324 PER CAPITA INCOME RELATIVE (US-1.00) 1.01 1.01 1.03 .97 .97 TOTAL EMPLOYMENT 35,559 41.557 EMPLOYMENT/POPULATION RATIO .40 .39 EARNINGS PER WORKER (1967S) 4.546 59482 EARNINGS PER WORKER RELATIVE(USzl.00) 1.01 1.02 IN THOUSANDS OF 1967 S TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME 185.916 259,991 293005 384t5O7 401*02 TOTAL EARNINGS 161,651 227s8OO 257*801 3299180 342005 AGRICULTURE. FORESTRY 6 FISHERIES 26,512 18014 21,427 19,954 189217 AGRICULTURE 23,433 18,o6s 20*689 180913 179250 FORESTRY & FISHERIES 3,079 746 738 1#042 967 MINING 1,793 3,578 3,241 3,115 3,319 CRUDE PETROLEUM & NATURAL GAS 0 0 0 0 3 NONMETALLIC, EXCEPT FUELS I,T93 3.578 3v24t 3olI5 3.316 CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION 7,052 99361 129932 17,264 169836 MANUFACTURING 70,678 102,423 1IT9649 L46,135 152,876 FOOD & KINDRED PRODUCTS 14,281 24,450 201587 219829 209433 TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS 3,4S9 29997 31217 59016 59444 APPAREL & OTHER FABRIC PRODUCTS 14,430 15.314 181199 219814 219436 LUMBER PRODUCTS & FURNITURE (D) (D) (D) (D) (0) PAPER 6 ALLIED PRODUCTS 184 816 996 10812 L9794 PRINTING PUBLISHING 10169 2,553 3,to6 39941 4,359 CHEMICALS ALLIED PRODUCTS 558 IsI82 1*600 ItqO6 19783 PETROLEUM REFINING 0 0 0 0 33 PRIMARY METALS 872 1,264 29134 1093 1,741 FABRICATED METALS & ORDNANCE 117 433 243 600 619 MACHINERY, EXCLUDING ELECTRICAL (D) (D) (D) It)) ELECTRICAL MACHINERY & SUPPLIES (D) (D) (D) IV) TOTAL MACHINERY (1950 ONLY) ID) MOTOR VEHICLES 4 EQUIPMENT (D) (D) (D) 4D) ILI) TRANS. EQUIP.. EXCL. MTR. VEH5. 106 837 916 Io303 904 OTHER MANUFACTURING 32,337 4S*090 59.788 78,146 84,951 TRANS., COMM. 6 PUBLIC UTILITIES 8,371 17.923 19,02o 25,730 27,908 RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION 753 1*161 lolls Iv399 29072 TRUCKING & WAREHOUSING 2.692 6,924 8.626 13.829 15.713 OTHER TRANSPORTATION & SERVICES 2,498 4.235 4.072 5,163 49524 COMMUNICATIONS (0) (D) (D) iD) (u) UTILITIES (ELEC.,GAS, SANITARY) (D) (0) (D) ID) (0 WHOLESALE & RETAIL TRADE 23,396 31.732 32,712 42032 44,507 FINANCE, INSURANCE & REAL ESTATE 2,661 8,505 89182 12.733 12,704 SERVICES 12,065 17,324 20,949 29t242 309609 LODGING PLACES & PERSONAL SERV. 2,096 2,245 29549 3t842 3*530 BUSINESS & REPAIR SERVICES 1,797 3,434 39181 59927 5.926 AMUSEMENT 6 RECREATION SERVICES 468 628 648 686 531 PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS 2,376 2,089 21300 1,448 11402 PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 5,328 8.927 12#271 17.339 199221 GOVERNMENT 9,123 18.140 2lo686 32,674 35.02s CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT 81531 17.137 20.678 31,430 33,749 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 1.263 1,868 219S4 29987 2,998 STATE & LOCAL GOVERNMENT 7,268 15,270 17,694 28*444 30,750 ARMED FORCES 592 1.003 1-002 Is244 I.Z79 DATA MAY NOT ADD TO HIGHER LEVEL TOTALS BECAUSE OF ROUNDING (D) DELETED TO AVOIDDISCLOSVRE OF CONFIDENTIAL DATA Appendix 3 192 TABLE 3-51 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC PROJECTIONS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 15-6, VINELAND-MILLVILLE-BRIDGETON, N.J. SMSA, 1980-2020, SERIES C 15-6 VINELAND-MILLVILLE-BRIDGETON, NEW JERSEY SMSA POPULATION$ EMPLOYMENT, TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME AND EARNINGS BY SELECTED INDUSTRIES. SELECTED PROJECTED YEARS. 1980 2020 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 POPULATION, JULY 1 153,716 178.464 2039486 PER CAPITA INCOME 23Os476 2599004 (1967S) 4,514 5.900 7,977 109546 139662 PER CAPITA INCOME RELATIVE (US91.00) .95 .96 .96 .97 .97 TOTAL EMPLOYMENT 59,693 689933 809626 92%220 1030973 EMPLOYMENT/POPULATION RATIO .39 .39 .40 .40 .40 EARNINGS PER WORKER (19675) 9.632 12,470 16-256 21.117 27,540 EARNINGS PER WORKER RELATIvE(USal.oo) 1.03 102 1.03 1.03 1-04 IN THOUSANDS OF 1967 s TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME 693,843 10052*W 1,623sl42 29430.521 395959435 TOTAL EARNINGS 574,936 859,598 1.310.673 lo9479445 2,863%372 AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY & FISHERIES 20,401 21,23z 25*138 329605 43#453 AGRICULTURE 19,010 19.505 22.959 29#861 409057 FORESTRY & F15HERIES 1.391 1,726 2sl7s 2*743 39396 MINING 4.523 5.87t 7-916 109564 14,310 CRUDE PETROLEUM & NATURAL GAS (5) (5) IS) (5) M NONMETALLIC, EXCEPT FUELS 4.523 5.871 70916 10,564 14v3IO CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION 31,701 49oO27 76-517 115.462 171#L23 MANUFACTURING 243,509 349,910 513*759 7399559 190599169 FOOD & KINDRED PRODUCTS 27,152 31,687 389083 459390 55ol26 TEXTILE (4ILL PRODUCTS 6,171 7oO73 8,37s 99842 11,727 APPAREL & OTHER FABRIC PRODUCTS 3lo576 40.907 54.33s 719336 94,385 LUMBER PRODUCTS & FURNITURE (D) ID) (D) IV) PAPER & ALLIED PRODUCTS 3.756 6.081 9,821 151255 23,924 PRINTING & PUBLISHING 7,408 11.387 17.62S 26s440 39.130 CHEMICALS 6 ALLIED PRODUCTS 4.170 6,901 11.497 189684 299869 PETROLEUM REFINING IS) 45) IS) (5) W PRIMARY METALS L,736 2.119 2.643 3.249 4,044 FABRICATED METALS & ORDNANCE 2,175 4.172 7,472 129363 199598 MACHINERY, EXCLUDING ELECTRICAL (D) (D) (D) (D) 10) ELECTRICAL MACHINERY & SUPPLIES (D) (D) (D) (D) 401 MOTOR VEHICLES 6 EQUIPMENT (D) (D) (D) (D) W? TRANS. EQUIP., EXCL. MTR. VEHS. 1,892 2,596 39672 5,133 79193 OTHER MANUFACTURING 144,712 219,667 335,854 497022 727,155 TRANS., COMM. & PUBLIC UTILITIES 42,518 62,767 949279 138.077 2009645 RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION 2,167 2.721 39333 39860 49375 TRUCKING & WAREHOUSING 23,423 349832 52.638 77,453 1129846 OTHER TRANSPORTATION 6 SERVICES 7,694 11.998 18,87a 28.732 43,097 COMMUNICATIONS (D) (D) (D) (D) (u) UTILITIES IELEC.,GAS. SANITARY) ID) (D) (D) ID) (u) WHOLESALE & RETAIL TRADE 85,247 136.846 220,405 3400420 514j716 FINANCE, INSURANCE 6 REAL ESTATE 26.189 43.L61 70.29o 109,031 1649732 SERVICES 54,220 83.369 129,225 1930518 285001 LODGING PLACES & PERSONAL SERV. 6,449 9.439 14.09o 20,511 29.618 BUSINESS & REPAIR SERVICES 10,211 15,149 22*726 339060 47o471 AMUSEMENT 6 RECREATION SERVICES 985 1.391 29007 29843 4,021 PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS 19849 2.216 2o686 3tI73 3,788 PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 34,726 55.174 87.716 133.931 20U.103 GOVERNMENT 66,627 107,415 173,146 268,209 410,222 CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT 65,012 105.318 170,421 2649683 405,640 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 4.304 5,180 69226 79225 8,238 STATE & LOCAL GOVERNMENT 60,708 100.137 164.195 257,458 397#402 ARMED FORCES 1,615 2.097 2.725 39526 40582 DATA MAY NOT ADD TO HIGHER LEVEL TOTALS BECAUSE OF ROUNDING (D) DELETED TO AVOID DISCLOSURE OF CONFIDENTIAL DATA IS) TOO SMALL TO BE PROJECTED Appendix 3 193 TABLE 3-52 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC TRENDS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 15-7, WILMINGTON, DELAWARE-N.J.-MD. SMSA, 1950-1969 15-7 WILMINGTON, DELAWARE-NEW JER5EY-MARYLAND SM5A 'POPULATION9 EMPLOYMENT, TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME AND EARNINGS BY SELECTED INDUSTRIES, SELECTED HISTORIC YEARS. 1950 1969 1950 1959 1962 1968 1969 POPULATION. JULY 1 304.295 409,876 436.001 4869242 4929101 PER CAPITA INCOME (1967S) Z.943 3,219 3068 49055 49170 PER CAPITA INCOME RELATIVE (US=I.0W 1.43 1.32 1.3o 1.22 1.22 TOTAL EMPLOYMENT 117.828 157,488 EMPLOYMENT/POPULATION RATIO .39 .38 EARNINGS PER WORKER i1967S) 5,596 6,512 EARNINGS PER WORKER RELATIVE(US=1.00) 1.24 1.21 IN THOUSANDS OF 1967 $ TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME 895,405 19319,223 1*468.237 1,971,866 2,051$980 TOTAL EARNINGS 659,413 1,025.526 1,145,639 1.620,631 1.692.012 AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY & FISHERIES 27.100 189624 l9o4O4 23,942 269426 AGRICULTURE 26,714 18,479 19,262 239837 26,374 FORESTRY & FISHERIES 385 145 144 105 52 MINING 350 1,241 92A 893 19020 METAL 0 10 0 0 0 CRUDE PETROLEUM & NATURAL GAS (D) (D) (D) (D) (Q) NONMETALLIC, EXCEPT FUELS (D) (D) (D) (DI (Q) CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION 52,503 72.56s 74,641 106,921 1189838 MANUFACTURING 306,478 477,455 5349924 743,781 7599482 FOOD & KINDRED PRODUCTS 9.475 14,574 159415 149586 14,972 TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS 14,297 11.289 10,726 9.290 99158 APPAREL & OTHER FABRIC PRODUCTS 8,403 10.440 5,349 69486 69795 LUMBER PRODUCTS 6 FURNITURE 825 1,14a 1,318 1,447 19562 PAPER 6 ALLIED PRODUCTS (D) (D) (D) (D) (0) PRINTING & PUBLISHING 5,394 8,413 9,78t 12,104 12,590 CHEMICALS & ALLIED PRODUCTS (D) (D) (D) (D) 101 PETROLEUM REFINING (D) (D) (D) (0) (9) PRIMARY METALS (D) (D) (D) (D) (P) FABRICATED METALS & ORDNANCE 11,648 20,457 17,141 18,442 18,540 MACHINERY, EXCLUDING ELECTRICAL 11.276 10.148 79111 7907 ELECTRICAL MACHINERY & SUPPLIES (D) 4D) (D) (0) TOTAL MACHINERY (1950 ONLY1 D) MOTOR VEHICLES & EQUIPMENT ID) (D) (D) (0) (u) TRANS. EQUIP.. EXCL. MTR. VEHS. (D) (D) (D) (D) (0) OTHER MANUFACTURING (D) (0) (D) (0) (0) TRANS., COMM. & PUBLIC UTILITIES 44,599 59.824 61.644 78.709 80,679 RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION 24,752 19.702 17.58a 169061 159792 TRUCKING & WAREHOUSING (D) (D) 4D) (D) (I)) OTHER TRANSPORTATION & SERVICES. 3,969 6,389 79847 129965 139447 COMMUNICATIONS (D) (D) (W (D) (D) UTILITIES (ELEC.,GAS, SANITARY) (D) (D) (D) (D) ID) WHOLESALE & RETAIL TRADE 88,620 124,694 137.50o 196,371 2080593 FINANCE. INSURANCE & REAL ESTATE 24,829 37,679 41,265 619200 63o288 SERVICES 65,187 111,438 130*916 1879002 197t978 LODGING PLACES 6 PERSONAL SERV. 8,526 11.165 119463 179776 18OZ35 BUSINESS & REPAIR SERVICES 6,368 16*754 22946o 329084 34067 AMUSEMENT 6 RECREATION SERVICES 4.263 6,397 7,334 9.442 89328 PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS 189472 179861 179961 169336 159OL9 PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 27.559 599261 71.699 111*363 1200628 GOVERNMENT 49.748 1U.005 1449415 221,81Z 235,705' CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT 45,881 86,947 109,339 179v276 190#670 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 19,924 30045 36o815 619823 639531 STATE & LOCAL GOVERNMENT 25,956 56,602 729524 1179454 126,038 ARMED FORCES 3,868 35,059 35sO76 42.536 45,035 DATA MAY NOT ADD TO HIGHER LEVEL TOTALS BECAUSE OF ROUNDING ID) DELETED TO AVOID DISCL05VRE OF CONFIDENTIAL DATA Appendix 3 194 TABLE 3-53 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC PROJECTIONS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 15-7, WILMINGTON, DELAWARE-N.J.-MD. SMSA, 1980-2020, SERIES C 15-7 WILMINGTON. DELAWARE-NEW JERSEY-MARYLAND SM5A POPULATION* EMPLOYMENT, TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME AND EARNINGS By SELECTED INDUSTRIES. SELECTED PROJECTED YEARS, 1980 2020 1980 1990 2000 zolo 2020 POPULATION, JULY 1 612,575 730,807 851.415 980.273 1,115,175 PER CAPITA INCOME (1967S) 5,804 7,328 9,635 12,465 16.150 PER CAPITA INCOME RELATIVE (US=1.00) 1.22 1.19 1.16 1.14 1.13 TOTAL EMPLOYMENT 246,135 2920705 350,291 407,796 465,848 EMPLOYMENT/POPULATION RATIO .40 .40 .41 .42 .42 EARNINGS PER WORKER 11967S) 11,114 13,930 17,70s ?29589 29*160 EARNINGS PER WORKER RELATIVEIUS-1.00) 1.18 1.14 I.L2 1.10 1.10 IN THOUSANDS OF 1967 S TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME 3.555,418 5.355,692 8,2029979 12,219.400 1800109Z99 TOTAL EARNINGS 2.735,594 4,077,423 69201,970 9,211,897 13.584,258 AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY & FISHERIES 25,075 27,397 32,278 41,965 569237 AGRICULTURE 24.800 27,056 31.848 41.42Z 55,565 FORESTRY & FISHERIES IS) IS) IS) IS) (5) MINING 1,295 1,678 2925a 30005 49058 METAL IS) (5) IS) (5) (5) CRUDE PETROLEUM 6 NATURAL GAS (D) (D) (D) (D) (0) NONMETALLIC9 EXCEPT FUELS (0 (D) (D) (D) (0) CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION 178.845 264.777 399,414 587.458 8549401 MANUFACTURING 1.169,593 1,661,871' 2,427,281 3,490,490 5,016,847 FOOD & KINDRED PRODUCTS 18,630 21,99o 269700 @29097 399260 TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS 12,116 13,843 16,428 19,455 23,497 APPAREL 6 OTHER FABRIC PRODUCTS 6s136 5,837 59883 69024 6,354 LUMBER PRODUCTS & FURNITURE 20262 2.969 39997 59321 7oL44 PAPER 6 ALLIED PRODUCTS (0) (D) (D) (0) (0) PRINTING & PUBLISHING 19.542 27,977 41,29o 609113 87,720 CHEMICALS & ALLIED PRODUCTS (D) (D) (D) (D) (I)) PETROLEUM REFINING (D) (D) (0) (0) (u) PRIMARY METALS. (D) (D) (D) (0) W) FABRICATED METALS 6 ORDNANCE 32,037 46.987 70.473 103.541 150.994 MACHINERY, EXCLUDING ELECTRICAL 119488 16,i2o 23,282 339147 479159 ELECTRICAL MACHINERY & SUPPLIES (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) MOTOR VEHICLES & EQUIPMENT (D) (0) (D) (0) (0) TRANS. EQUIP.. EXCL. MTR. VEH5. (D) (D) (0) (D) (0) OTHER MANUFACTURING (D) (D) (D) ID) (P) TRANS., COMM. & PUBLIC UTILITIES 118.163 165,975 240.885 345,035 4959339 RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION 18,433 199473 209762 ?11505 22,274 TRUCKING & WAREHOUSING (0) (D) (D) (0) IV) OTHER TRANSPORTATION 6 SERVICES 19.923 31,555 50,224 779106 116035 COMMUNICATIONS (D) ID) (D) (0) (U) UTILITIES (ELEC.,GA5, SANITARY) ID) ID) (D) (0) (0) WHOLESALE & RETAIL TRADE 359,733 568.78o 913*726 11422,722 Zt190034 FINANCE, INSURANCE 6 REAL ESTATE 106,251 161.329 2499010 374051 557,115 SERVICES 363.552 581.061 931,900 1,438,074 2,177,575 779596 LODGING PLACES & PERSONAL SERV. 32,193 49,815 116*647 1729438 BUSINESS 6 REPAIR SERVICES 64.070 102.838 165,234; 254,a23 384,625 AMUSEMENT & RECREATION SERVICES 149487 20,652 30.055 42.865 609926 PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS 23.063 28.871 36#219 43,923 53,550 PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 229,738 378,885 622.797 979,815 1,506035 GOVERNMENT 413,086 644,554 1,005.217 1,509096 2,@2329353 CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT 362,354 578,707 9199638 19398027 29068o424 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 110.292 162,490 236.808 327,085 434.896 STATE & LOCAL GOVERNMENT 252.062 416.216 682s830 1,071,242 1,6539528 ARMED FORCES 50,732 65,847 85,579 1109769 143t929 DATA MAY NOT ADD TO HIGHER LEVEL TOTALS 13ECAUSE OF ROUNDING .(D) DELETED TO AVOID DISCLOSURE OF CONFIDENTIAL DATA IS) TOO SMALL TO BE PROJECTED Appendix 3 195 TABLE 3-54 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC TRENDS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 15-8, RESIDUAL NON-SMSA AREA, 1950-1969 15-8 RESIDUAL NON.SMSA AREA POPULATION* EMPLOYMENT. TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME AND EARNINGS By SELECTED INDUSTRIESs SELECTED HISTORIC YEARS. 1950 1969 1950 1959 1962 1968 1969 POPULATION. JULY 1 386,622 418,939 4429873 506,377 514s982 PER CAPITA INCOME (1967S) 1,775 2,100 Zs136 2v563 2050 PER CAPITA INCOME RELATIVE (US=1.00) .86 .86 .83 .77 .77 TOTAL EMPLOYMENT 142oII3 1499918 EMPLOYMENT/POPULATION RATIO .37 .36 EARNINGS PER WORKER (1967$) 3,685 4.176 EARNINGS PER WORKER RELATIVE(US-1.00) .82 .78 IN THOUsANDS OF 1967 S TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME 686.315 879.772 945.848 1.2979880 193649676 TOTAL EARNINGS 5Z39680 626,060 660*342 8829842 926,538 AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY & FISHERIES 29.45@ 13,873 11.366 9.691 11,644 AGRICULTURE 250449 119440 80900 89344 109254 FORESTRY & FISHERIES 4,003 2.433 2,467 19344 1*390 MINING AD) AD) AD) (0) (0) METAL AD) AD) (0) AD) (0) COAL AD) AD) AD) AD) U) CRUDE PETROLEUM & NATURAL GAS 0 0 70 23 21 NONMETALLIC, EXCEPT FUELS 990 1.428 10997 19894 2,073 CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION 29,371 57.107 47,653 79,585 769469 MANUFACTURING 116,458 155.485 175.441 230,471 247*664 FOOD & KINDRED PRODUCTS AD) AD) (D) AD) AD) TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS AD) AD) AD) AD) (0) APPAREL A, OTHER FABRIC PRODUCTS 35,967 44,390 49,176 629674 65,070 LUMBER@PRODUCTS & FURNITURE AD) AD) (0) (D@ (0) PAPER & ALLIED PRODUCTS AD) AD) AD) (0) AD) PRINTING & PUBL15HING AD) (0) AD) AD) (I)) CHEMICALS A, ALLIED PRODUCTS 5,463 12,752, 19*656 26030 27vI7I PETROLEUM REFINING (D) (0) AD) (0) (u) PRIMARY METALS 239448 25031 269717 34,017 359931 FABRICATED METALS & ORDNANCE 6,334 12.588 99528 109616 12,066 MACHINERY, EXCLUDING ELECTRICAL 1,567 1,937 99814 109710 ELECTRICAL MACHINERY & SUPPLIES 5.381 8.262 7.632 79415 TOTAL MACHINERY (1950 ONLY) 5.104 MOTOR VEHICLE$ 6 EQUIPMENT 7 1,613 19214 508 582 TRANS. EQUIP.. EXCL- MTR. VEH5. 767 3,088 21892 39333 5.680 OTHER MANUFACTURING AD) AD) AD) AD) AD) TRANS.. COMM. & PUBLIC UTILITIES 40,412 49.802 52,671 60,942 669023 RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION 25,344 22.838 20,199 L7.456 17*412 TRUCKING 6 WAREHOUSING (D) AD) AD) AD) (u) OTHER TRANSPORTATION & SERVICES 2,132 2.131 49379 69540 79305 COMMUNICATIONS (0) AD) (0 AD) (0 UTILITIES (ELEC.,GAS. SANITARY) 3,736 8,876 11,960 16,242 17067 WHOLESALE 6 RETAIL TRADE 94,006 114,797 1209121 153t273 160018 FINANCE, INSURANCE 6 REAL ESTATE AD) (D) AD) AD) (0) SERVICES 55,010 77,733 85,251 121.138 1300220 LODGING PLACES 6PERSONAL SERV. 16,302 20,443 219495 319164 329092 BUSINESS REPAIR SERVICES. 3,647 5.875 69607 12.450 149183 AMUSEMENT RECREATION SERVICES 4,894 59831 6,597 7,063 7,149 PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS 6,113 6,715 69833 4,334 4,194 PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 24.055 38,868 43,721 66,125 72003 GOVERNMENT 70,732. 109,965 125-153 1789405 L84,798 CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT 57,355 81,785 97,46,4 142,642 150,210 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 13,081 29.030 32,474 42,029 419992 STATE 6 LOCAL GOVERNMENT 44,275 52,757 649989 1009613 1080919 ARMED FORCES 13.375 28.179 27,689 35,762 34,506 DATA MAY NOT ADD TO HIGHER LEVEL TOTALS BECAUSE OF ROUNDING (0) DELETED TO AVOID DISCLOSURE OF CONFIDENTIAL DATA Appendix 3 196 TABLE 3-55 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC PROJECTIONS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 15-8, RESIDUAL NON-SMSA AMA, 1980-2020, SERIES C 15.8 RESIDUAL NON-SMSA AREA POPULATIONs EMPLOYMENTt TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME AND EARNINGS By SELECTED INDUSTRIES, SELECTED PROJECTED YEARS, 1980 2020 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 POPULATION, JULY 1 536007 5869570 635,112 689.130 749,495 PER CAPITA INCOME (1967S) 3,730 5.044 7,027 9.530 129601 PER CAPITA INCOME RELATIVE (US61.0W .78 .82 as .87 .90 2919988 TOTAL EMPLOYMENT 1949261 213019 240.546 2669251 EMPLOYMENTIPOPULATION RATIO .36 .36 .38 .39 .39 EARNINGS PER WORKER 11967S) 7,744 10.403 139963 18,574 24040 EARNINGS PER WORKER RELATIVE(USNI.00) .82 .86 .88 .91 .93 IN THOUsANDS OF 1967 5 TOTAL PER50NAL INCOME 2,002.004 2.958,420 4.462,802 6.567,387 9.594,268 TOTAL EARNINGS 1.504,447 212259349 39358,836 4,945o38Z 7,2239656 AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY & FISHERIES 9,539 10.101 12.091 15,617 209578 AGRICULTURE 79685 7.791 9*17o Ils927 16,000 FORESTRY & FISHERIES 1.855 2#310 29921 39690 40579 MINING (D) (D) (D) METAL (D) (D) (D) COAL (0) (D) (D) CRUDE PETROLEUM & NATURAL GAS IS) IS) IS) (5) (5) NONMETALLIC, EXCEPT FUELS 2,754 3*574 49818 6,433 89711 CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION 1289565 1889849 283*190 414v660 601*@82 MANUFACTURING 344,429 470,520 661#443 918.045 1,279o642 FOOD & KINDRED PRODUCTS 10) (D) (D) (D) TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS W) (D) (D) (D) APPAREL & OTHER FABRIC PRODUCTS 96,807 132,972 186,745 258.419 3590394 LUMBER PRODUCTS 6 FURNITURE (D) (D) IN (D) IV) PAPER & ALLIED PRODUCTS (D) 4D) (D) (D) IV) PRINTING 6 PUBLISHING ID) (D) (D) (D) IV) CHEMICALS.6 ALLIED PRODUCTS 43,378 61,826 90.572 130,418 187*412 PETROLEUM REFINING (D) (D) (D) (D) PRIMARY METALS 42,412 52.538 66.434 82o680 104*134 FABRICATED METALS & ORDNANCE 15,495 219371 309433 429783 60t157 MACHINERY, EXCLUDING ELECTRICAL 18,140 27.563 42,405 63*387 93,461 ELECTRICAL MACHINERY 6 SUPPLIES .11.735 16*971 25,067 36,217 529265 MOTOR VEHICLES 6 EQUIPMENT IS) IS) is) IS) (5) TRANS. EQUIP.. EXCL. MTR. VEHS. 6.503 90591 14*527 219664 320293 OTHER MANUFACTURING (D) (D) (D) (D) TRANS., COMM. 6 PUBLIC UTILITIES 91,803 127,673 1830986 262,465 376027 RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION 20.778 22,502 249580 26,051 270154 TRUCKING & WAREHOUSING (D) (D) (D) (D) OTHER TRANSPORTATION & SERVICES 10,798 17.576 2a.53s 44,429 67,705 COMMUNICATIONS (D) (D) (D) 10) UTILITIES (ELEC..GAS, SANITARY) 26,357 37.490 54,565 77,725 110,524 WHOLESALE 6 RETAIL TRADE 277.660 4239364 656*617 986.372 114609542 FINANCE, INSURANCE 6 REAL ESTATE (D) (D) (D) (D) IV) 226.227 353.429 555*920 843,213 1,2559153 SERVICES LODGING PLACES 6 PERSONAL SERV. 50.346 73.368 109,134 -158.491 228.577 BUSINESS & REPAIR SERVICES 219657 33025 509827 75o676 111094 AMUSEMENT & RECREATION SERVICES 109196 14.539 21,164 30#186 42,912 PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS 6.851 8.576 10.82s 139295 16,509 PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 137,177 2239921 363s968 565*565 s56,662 GOVERNMENT 347,833 545.054 854,563 192919003 1,923,508 CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT 303.721 488.098 780.834 1.1959899 1,800,ZS9 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 78,539 114,557 165,626 227.361 300064 STATE 6 LOCAL GOVERNMENT 225.181 373,541 615.214 968,538 1,499.425 ARMED FORCES 44,112 569955 73973o 95,105 123.219 DATA MAY NOT ADD TO HIGHER LEVEL TOTALS BECAUSE OF ROUNDING (D) DELETED TO AVOID DISCL05URE OF CONFIDENTIAL DATA IS) TOO SMALL TO BE PROJECTED Appendix 3 197 TABLE 3-56 SUB-SEGMENT AND COUNTY BREAKDOWN FOR ECONOMIC AREA 16C - HARRISBURG, PA. 16-1 Harrisburg, Pa. SMSA Cumberland, Pennsylvania Dauphin, Pennsylvania Perry, Pennsylvania 16-2 Lancaster, Pa. SMSA Lancaster, Pennsylvania 1.6-3 York, Pa. SRSA Adams, Pennsylvania York, Pennsylvania 16-4 Altoona, Pa. SMSA Blair, Pennsylvania 16-5 Residual Non-SMSA Area 1 Bedford, Pennsylvania Franklin, Pennsylvania Fulton, Pennsylvania Huntingdon, Pennsylvania Juniata, Pennsylvania Lebanon, Pennsylvania Mifflin, Pennsylvania Montour, Pennsylvania Northumberland, Pennsylvania Snyder, Pennsylvania Union, Pennsylvania lIn addition, projections of population and total personal income will be made for the following group of counties to permit reconciliation with State planning regions: Franklin, Pennsylvania Lebanon, Pennsylvania Appendix 3 198 *UTICA ALBANY9 T..,k- L E VIIP4 "OHAMTON OBIN w.... S RANTON -L;1'1LLIAMSPPRT6 ILKE BARRE* L . ......... 4 UDSBURG tb PUNXSUTAfNEIt'_ ALTOO L NCA E CheSIeF "Vc... SOMERSET 0 PA L 10 yn AtWfil F,.d.,kk BA LT I R F 0 CLARKSBURG .."d N.Fid, mo .......... .. ch."., DEL -kh,h.. du. a h.".' do W Q ....... "HAR SN' SZUNTQ Wh R.ck -1." W-1; ..'_ / ...... Alh-t S@-@ ......... I ('69-1 NC Q wd,4,-VIC M Wd ch.,16 v Ed-t C-0.11 yd Wish DANVILIVAw.ii- VA A MURFEESBA 0 HARRISBURG ECONOMIC AREA (16) Harrisburg, Pa. SMSA Lanc@aster, Pa. SMSA York, Pa. SMSA Altoona, Pa. SIVISA Residual NonSIVISA Area FIGURE 3-23 Appendix 3 199 TABLE 3-57 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC TRENDS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 16, HARRISBURG, PA., 1950-1969 ECONOMIC AREA 16 HARRISBURG. PENNSYLVANIA POPULATION- EMPLOYMENT. TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME AND EARNINGS By SELECTED INOU5TRIE59 SELECTED HISTORIC YEARS. 1950 1969 1950 1959 1962 1968 1969 POPULATION, JULY 1 1,427,165 1,569.787 1,620,377 1,7029919 1.709.366 PER CAPITA INCOME (1967S) 1.981 2,259 2,330 39043 39208 PER CAPITA INCOME RELATIVE (US31.00) .96 .93 .90 .92 .93 TOTAL EMPLOYMENT 550.237 @04,123 EMPLOYMENTyPOPULATION RATIO .39 .38 EARNINGS PER WORKER (1967S) 4.180 4.777 EARNINGS PER WORKER RELATIVE(U5-1.00) .93 .89 IN THOUsANDS OF 1967 5 TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME 2.827,181 3.545,581 3075010 5.181,043 5,4839213 TOTAL EARNINGS 2,300,182 2,885,616 390379589 4,155,718 4,419,140 AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY FISHERIES 194,615 151.259 118,044 145,932 174.Z59 AGRICULTURE 193,559 150.374 1179127 1459647 173o946 FORESTRY 6 FISHERIES 1,056 885 917 288 MINING 53,537 34.535 310084 269569 24,605 METAL (D) (D) (D) (D) (0) COAL 34,540 11,476 8.374 6.242 5,554 CRUDE PETROLEUM & NATURAL GAS (D) (D) (D) (0) (Q) NONMETALLIC, EXCEPT FUELS 13,522 16,650 17,013 14,264 139090 CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION 117,669 153.714 152.608 258,315 293,UO5 MANUFACTURING 771,507 1.034,478 19103.692 195519856 1*6349770 FOOD & KINDRED PRODUCTS 96,675 119.383 130,006 157,476 1649906 TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS 89.823 51,923 53004 709949 72t452 APPAREL & OTHER FABRIC PRODUCTS 76,994 106,054 115o423 1409656 141,652 LUMBER PRODUCTS &.FURNITURE 40.250 4a,700 479379 709786 769961 PAPER 6 ALLIED PRODUCTS 29,231 429709 519205 629840 669603 PRINTING & PUBLISHING 26,990 40o687 46olSe 68t6OZ 751541 CHEMICALS 6 ALLIED PRODUCTS 18,960 32.994 31.862 42,849 43,656 PETROLEUM REFINING 6,100 2,484 39154 59166 5,606 PRIMARY METALS 1029198 108,191 1049912 154*426 150,540 FABRICATED METALS 6 ORDNANCE 40,585 80.562 78*644 1399852 142o987 MACHINERY, EXCLUDING ELECTRICAL 120.000 128.714 1979399 222,27a ELECTRICAL MACHINERY & SUPPLIES 66,507 al.54o 1199681 1309240 TOTAL MACHINERY 11950 ONLY) 107.752 MOTOR VEHICLES & EQUIPMENT 4,801 6.428 4.233 13.299 17.353 TRANS. EQUIP., EXCL. MTR. VEHS. 6,720 26sI93 229202 519581 60072 OTHER MANUFACTURING 124.421 1819663 204*726 256t297 264#018 TRANS., COMM. & PUBLIC UTILITIES 243,637 259.491 264*775 305,370 323.930 RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION 156,475 122,941 106,854 879643 89*140 TRUCKING & WAREHOU51NG 339524 600990 689023 99t5T7 107097 OTHER TRANSPORTATION 6 SERVICES 9.782 10.483 109914 13014 17*484 COMMUNICATIONS 23,726 36,604 409915 549238 579087 UTILITIES (ELEC.,GAS.,SANITARY) 20,131 28*477 389072 49#998 52t419 WHOLESALE & RETAIL TRADE 349.713 466.975 5999830 6Z80959 FINANCE, INSURANCE & REAL ESTATE 5It2OO 86,774 929620 127*904 131083 SERVICES 198,158 289,449 3199344 467.045 490taos LODGING PLACES & PERSONAL 5ERV. 34*873 389299 42,000 6OtIIO 609682 BUSINESS 6 REPAIR SERVICES 19.998 30,170 35*873 609379 659488 AMUSEMENT & RECREATION SERVICES 12.651 12.696 139153 149975 149970 PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS 27,263 329317 31*211 209935 20j265 PROFES*IONAL SERVICES 103.379 175,964 197910s 3109650 326.699 GOVERNMENT 320,145 414.789 488#447 6729809 7109332 CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT 285,417 3s3,224 453@438 6454566 6839172 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 124,791 180.485 207936a 2009890 2049697 STATE & LOCAL GOVERNMENT 160,625 202,740 246051 4449678 478,478 ARMED FORCES 34,729 31,565 359008 279321 359158 DATA MAY NOT ADD TO HIGHER LEVEL TOTALS BECAUSE OF ROUNDING (D) DELETED TO AVOID DISCLOSURE OF CONFIDENTIAL DATA A ppendix 3 &P 200 TABLE 3-58 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC PROJECTIONS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 16, HARRISBURG, PA., 1980-2020, SERIES C ECONOMIC AREA 16 HARR15BURGi PENNSYLVANIA POPULATION- EMPLOYMENT, TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME AND EARNINGS BY SELECTED INDUSTRIESs SELECTED PROJECTED YEARS* 1980 2020 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 POPULATIONs JULY 1 1076.298 2,2579654 295519659 29897,835 3,296,525 PER CAPITA INCOME (1967s) 4,482 5,878 7.995 IOs6I9 14,035 PER CAPITA INCOME RELATIVE (USUI.00) .94 .95 -96 .97 .98 TOTAL EMPLOYMENT 8129519 9169430 190589878 19210,036 L93759419 EMPLOYMENT/POPULATION RATIO .41 .41 .41 .42 .42 EARNINGS PER WORKER (1967S) 8,666 11,380 14,991 19t621 25,760 EARNINGS PER WORKER RELATIVE(U$xI.OO) .92 .94 .95 .96 .97 IN THOUSANDS OF 1967 S TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME 8,857.694 13.269,656 20,400,03S 309772,124 46,2659322 TOTAL EARNINGS 7,041,073 lOo4289982 15,874ol5o 23974lt799 35*442#453 AGRICULTURE. FORESTRY & FISHERIES 154.336 163.551 192.533 250,390 335.802 AGRICULTURE 154.029 163,180 19ZsO76 249,8Z4 3359121 FORESTRY & FISHERIES (5) (5) (S) (5) (b) MINING 32,151 379955 46,775 57*589 72,177 METAL (0) (D) (D) (0) (0) COAL 7,419 7.661 89190 89722 99300 CRUDE PETROLEUM & NATURAL GAS (0) (D) (D) (D) (01 NONMETALLIC, EXCEPT FUELS 179682 21.481 27017 349520 44#562 CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION 444,267 653,006 9869326 19464,429 29163tl4O MANUFACTURING 2,469.306 3,506.472 5,1309008 7s4109255 10,7459130 FOOD & KINDRED PRODUCTS 220,868 2e5,453 378.678 496#251 658,026 TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS 91,045 108,070 13203t 162t269 2019881 APPAREL & OTHER FABRIC PRODUCTS 202.ae5 265,668 357079 4759557 637,957 LUMBER PRODUCTS & FURNITURE 111,628 152,561 2139944 296,445 414,426 PAPER & ALLIED PRODUCTS 108,038 160.587 244,636 3669079 5479004 PRINTING & PUBLISHING IL2,063 1580720 2319257 3329495 480,203 CHEMICALS & ALLIED PRODUCTS 65,026 90,069 1280252 180,574 253,951 PETROLEUM REFINING 8.537 12.246 179697 24.964 35,636 PRIMARY METALS 185,894 225,241 279,41S 3419621 423,099 FABRICATED METALS & ORDNANCE 2549450 405,569 6559619 1,032,343 1,606,698 MACHINERY, EXCLUDING ELECTRICAL 343.331 501,741 7510925 1,106,032 1,622.035 ELECTRICAL MACHINERY & SUPPLIES 227,759 359,988 575,557 891*890 L.372,550 MOTOR VEHICLES & EQUIPMENT 23,933 32,897 469825 659345 91,484 TRANS. EQUIP., EXCL. MTR. VEH5. 106,265 1629267 252,488 385,007 583,821 OTHER MANUFACTURING 407,584 585,394 863*606 1,253,383 11815.059 TRANS.9 COMM- & PUBLIC UTILITIES 4649624 647,946 9339511 193339737 19917*458 RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION 1101881 129*578 1529598 173.832 1979347 TRUCKING & WAREHOUSING 161,643 235.324 3519872 5179660 758,921 OTHER TRANSPORTATION 6 SERVICES 27,698 43,17a 669596 109.092 172.016 COMMUNICATIONS 87,892 132.761 205*388 311,250 .469,666 UTILITIES (ELEC.,GAS, SANITARY) 76,510 107*105 1559057 2219903 319.505 WHOLESALE & RETAIL TRADE 11044,576 1*573,127 204369394 3,697,157 5,597016 FINANCE. INSURANCE & REAL ESTATE 220,148 337,320 528.68; 811,210 19239047 SERVICES 905.690 1.469,189 2.405.259 3.812,855 5.948,576 LODGING PLACES 6 PERSONAL SERV. 102.181 150.825 228t64@ 340.410 505,929 BU51NESS & REPAIR SERVICES 120s438 200*761 3369816 5489074 875,208 AMUSEMENT 6 RECREATION SERVICES 254888 389714 59.288 699549 134,207 0 SEHOLD5 28,330 35,655 459464 569770 71,569 PRIVATE H 0 PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 628,854 1,043,234 19735,041 2,7709052 49361,663 GOVERNMENT 19305,976 2040,416 3*214,663 49904#177 7*4219907 CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT 19263,186 19984,900 39142*532 498109037 793009650 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 315,876 4299522 587996p 7729626 989081 STATE 6 LOCAL GOVERNMENT 947,310 195559378 2*5549570 490399211 60119568 ARMED FORCES 42,789 55,516 729132 93040 121,257 DATA MAY NOT ADD TO HIGHER LEVEL TOTALS BECAW@SE OF ROUNDING (D) DELETED TO AVOID DISCLOSURE OF CONFIDENTIAL DATA (5) TOO SMALL TO BE PROJECTED Appendix 3 201 TABLE 3-59 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC TRENDS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 16-1, HARRISBURG, PA. SMSA, 1950-1969 16-1 HARRISBURG, PENNSYLVANIA SMSA POPULATION- EMPLOYMENT, TOTAL PERSUNAL INCOME AND EARNINGs BY SELECTED INDUSTRIES9 SELECTED HISTORIC YEARS. 1950 1969 1950 1959 1962 1960 1969 POPULATION, JULY 1 317.294 368,851 379o578 -404,677 406,739 PER CAPITA INCOME (1967s) 2,202 2,494 2,529 39304 .39497 PER CAPITA INCOME RELATIVE (USvI.OO) 1.07 1.02 .98 1.00 1.02 TOTAL EMPLOYMENT la.9,368 146*586 EMPLOYMENT/POPULATION RATIO .41 .40 EARNINGS PER WORKER (1967S) 4,408 5.348 EARNINGS PER WORKER RELATIVE(US=1.00) .98 1.00 IN THOUsANDS OF 1967 S TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME 698,722 919,903 959,790 1036,927 1,4229253 TOTAL EARNINGS 570.256 784,010 8219633 1,129*413 1,2069843 AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY 6 FISHERIES ZZ.030 15,759 11,731 16.420 199586 AGRICULTURE 21,745 15,671 11,628 1693" 199544 FORESTRY 6 FISHERIES 285 87 103 37 43 MINING 31658 1*362 19667 1*551 19443 COAL (D) (D) (0) (D) (0) CRUDE PETROLEUM & NATURAL GAS (D) (D) (D) (D) It)? NONMETALLICs EXCEPT FUELS 854 918 19229 19188 IsI45 CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION 33,110 51,828 45,758 759587 86008 MANUFACTURING 146.549 189,518 187.50a 26s,047 2789685 FOOD & KINDRED PRODUCTS 29.672 37.656 43.313 52*089 53$L31 TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS (D) (D) (D) (D) (u) APPAREL & OTHER FABRIC PRODUCTS 14.857 16,798 159415 189395 lao679 LUMBER PRODUCTS & FURNITURE 2,383 1.424 i983o 19729 Io904 PAPER & ALLIED PRODUCTS (D) (0) (D) (D) W) PRINTING & PUBLISHING 59634 7.971 89672 9,979 10045 CHEMICALS 6 ALLIED PRODUCTS (D) (0) (0) (D) (u) PETROLEUM REFINING (D) (D) (D) (0) N) PRIMARY METALS (D) (0) (D) (0) IU) FABRICATED METALS 6 ORDNANCE (D) .(D) (D) (D) (0) MACHINERY, EXCLUDING ELECTRICAL 7.047 7o424 11056 160529 ELECTRICAL MACHINERY & SUPPLIES 21.032 25.672 38*369 42,461 TOTAL MACHINERY 11950 ONLY) D) MOTOR VEHICLES & EQUIPMENT 339 350 30o 50313 79035 TRANS. EQUIP., EXCL. MTR. VEH5. 760 9,569 6.421 18,139 19.586 OTHER MANUFACTURING 12,822 18*895 209684 28o862 289438 TRANS., COMM. & PUBLIC UTILITIES 77,784 81,146 81,6@9 99,877 1089441 RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION 48,276 40.57S 35.324 30,093 299888 TRUCKING & WAREHOUSING 6,387 9.689 12.051 26,620 29.959 OTHER TRANSPORTATION & SERVICE IS 5,003 5.802 5,563 6,028 8.573 COMMUNICATIONS 14,099 18.814 20.444 25,915 279687 UTILITIES (ELEC-GAS, SANITARY) 49OL9 6.266 8,279 11$223 12.334 WHOLESALE & RETAIL TRADE 94,975 133,255 135s9O9 174,659 184.460 FINANCE. INSURANCE 6 REAL ESTATE 23.286 37,641 39.459 56,749 60.269 SERVICES 60,889 90,127 989982 145tI68 153,726 LODGING PLACES & PERSONAL 5ERV. 11,400 11.544 13,199 18,722 189961 BUSINESS REPAIR SERVICES 8,804 12,219 12,999 l9t62z 21,647 AMUSEMENT RECREATION SERVICES 3.410 4*271 4.473 4,947 59231 PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS 6,431 6$430 6-116 4,488 4,344 PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 30,844 55,659 62#19S 97,389 10,522 GOVERNMENT 107,966 183,377 218,957 Z91,358 313,906 CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT 93,591 168,434 200.952 281,321 298,948 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 51sB45 90,579 110.449 929077 94.326 STATE & LOCAL GOVERNMENT 41.746 77,856 90#503 189,244 204,623 ARMED FORCES 14,376 14,943 13,005 109036 14s957 DATA MAY NOT ADD TO HIGHER LEVEL TOTALS BECAUSE OF ROUNDING (D) DELETED TO AVOID DISCL05URE OF CONFIDENTIAL DATA Appendix 3 202 TABLE 3-60 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC PROJECTIONS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 16-1, HARRISBURG, PA.. SMSA, 1980-2020, SERIES C 16-1 HARRISBURGo PENNSYLVANIA SMSA POPULATION9 EMPLOYMENT; TOTAL.PERSONAL INCOME AND EARNINGS BY SELECTED INDUSTRIES, SELECTE PROJE TED YEARS, 1980 2020 1980 1990. 2000 2010 2020 POPULATION, JULY 1 4s6.207 562,281 642*072 7359294 8419778 PER CAPITA INCOME (1967s) 4,944 6,490 89835 11*743 159528 PER CAPITA INCOME RELATIVE (US=1.00) 1.04 1.05 1.07 1.06 1.09 TOTAL EMPLOYMENT 2069504 237,206 2789262 321.895 3699996 EMPLOYMENT/POPULATION RATIO .42 .42 .43 .44 .44 EARNINGS PER WORKER (1967S) 91503 12.428 16#299 219233 279506 EARNINGS PER WORKER RELATIVE(US-1.00) 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 IN THOUSANDS OF 1967 S TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME 2,403,'869 3*649,201 596720984 8,634,741 139071q443 TOTAL EARNINGS 1,962,402 29948.036 49535.317 6,8349783 10,2689495 AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY 6 F15HERIES 17,485 18,448 21.721 2s.251 379887 AGRICULTURE 17.440 18.392 21*648 28,157 37,770 FORESTRY & FISHERIES (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) MINING 1.696 2.00o 2,473 3.048 3*638 COAL ID) (D) (D) (D) (D) CRUDE PETROLEUM & NATURAL GAS (0) (D) (D) (D) (0) NONMETALLIC9 EXCEPT FUELS 1,444 1973o 29176 2024 39492 CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION L39.154 205.534 311912a 462,033 6819650 MANUFACTURING 419,606 589.464 855,046 1,2279022 1073*639 FOOD & KINDRED PRODUCTS 74.882 98,631 133.009 176s835 237*472 TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS iD) fD) (D) (D) 40) APPAREL & OTHER FABRIC PRODUCTS 23,036 27,254 33,433 41,065 51,634 LUMBER PRODUCTS 6 FURNITURE 2.667 3,327 49289 59519 7v26O -PAPER & ALLIED PRODUCTS (D) (D) (D) (D) W) PRINTING & PUBLISHING 15,312 20.649 28.80a 391929 56,022 CHEMICALS 6 ALLIED PRODUCTS ID) (D) (D) (D) iU) PETROLEUM REFINING (D) (D) (D) (D) 10) PRIMARY METALS (D) (D) (D) 4D) (U) FABRICATED METALS & ORDNANCE (D) (D) (D) (D) (u) MACHINERY, EXCLUDING ELECTRICAL 239645 37,717 609615 94,go3 1471Z79 ELECTRICAL MACHINERY 6 SUPPLIES 72,184 113.276 1809002 2779540 4259469 MOTOR VEHICLES & EQUIPMENT 10,107 14,069 20t23s 28t481 40,349 TRANS. EQUIP.. EXCL. MTR. VEH5. 38t418 59,642 94091 1459093 221,938 OTHER MANUFACTURING 48,147 70,753 106075 1569739 229,@71 TRANS.. COMM. & PUBLIC UTILITIES 154,872 219.625 321,58o 466.554 679.830 RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION 37,035 42.491 49sI94 55tI78 61*779 TRUCKING & WAREHOUSING 46,889 71.932 112923o 1709753 2569764 OTHER TRANSPORTATION 6 SERVICES 11.906 18.049 27,984 43*619 679711 COMMUNICATIONS 40,821 60.468 91,986 137,481 205,Z46 UTILITIES (ELEC.,GA5, SANITARY) l8t222 26.686 409186 59*524 889330 WHOLESALE & RETAIL TRADE 294,402 4419434 681,03o 190309077 1,5559721 FINANCE, INSURANCE & REAL ESTATE 979084 1499848 2369362 364.766 560.495 SERVICES 2779493 444.180 717,661 I,L239557 1,733.054 LODGING PLACES 6 PERSONAL SERV. 32,337 48.399 74,237 111*632 167.29S BUSINESS & REPAIR SERVICES 37,722 60t423 979821 1549334 240,204 AMUSEMENT & RECREATION SERVICES 8,633 13,021 209084 30,510 45,939 PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS 6,229 7,954 10.261 12,930 16,414 PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 192,570 314.383 5159259 8149150 1,2639199 GOVERNMENT 560,611 877,502 19388.314 2.129,475 3,242,390 CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT 545.022 857.465 1.362.486 2,096,273 3,1999475 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 135.192 175.779 231,47s 294,624 368.061 STATE & LOCAL GOVERNMENT 409,830 681,686 1,131,012 1,801.649 2,831,414 ARMED FORCES 15,589 20.037 25*827 339202 429915 DATA MAY NOT ADD TO HIGHER LEVEL TOTALS BECAUSE OF ROUNDING (D) DELETED TO AVOID DISCLOSURE OF CONFIDENTIAL DATA IS) TOO SMALL TO BE PROJECTED Appendix 3 203 TABLE 3-61 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC TRENDS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 16"2, LANCASTER, PA. SMSA, 1950-1969 16-2 LANCASTER9 PENNSYLVANIA SMSA POPULATION, EMPLOYMENT. TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME AND EARNINGS BY SELECTED INDUSTRIES, SELECTED HISTORIC YEARS. 1950 1969 1950 1959 1962 1968 1969 POPULATION. JULY 1 234,918 276.260 284.50a 313,122 315,699 PER CAPITA INCOME (1967S) 2,200 2,478 2v6Oo 3,094 39237 PER CAPITA INCOME RELATIVE (US=1.00) 1.07 1.02 .1.01 .93 .94 TOTAL EMPLOYMENT 97,629 113.364 EMPLOYMENT/POPULATION RATIO .42 .41 EARNINGS PER WORKER (1967S) 49450 59130 EARNINGS PER WORKER RELATIVEIUS=1.00) .99 .96 IN THOUSANDS OF 1967 S TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME 516.894 684*605 7399746 968o740 1,0229U63 TOTAL EARNINGS 434,411 581,528 622,158 809*784 854*980 AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY & FISHERIES 66,521 53,112 46065 47,763 56*669 AGRICULTURE 66,482 52.979 46,447 47012 569620 FORESTRY & FISHERIES 39 133 11A 51 49 MINING 1,474 1,822 2*171 29743 29791 METAL (D) (D) ID) (D) (0) COAL (D) (D) ID) 4D) (0) NONMETALLIC, EXCEPT FUELS (D) (D) (D) (0) (D) CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION 24,475 309999 329631 469708 52#304 MANUFACTURING 176,073 2669245 293009 3789572 3969044 FOOD & KINDRED PRODUCTS 16,816 22,583 23sI94 279677 26036 TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS 449405 9,339 8*615 119984 13*469 APPAREL & OTHER FABRIC PRODUCTS 10,551 20,147 22o854 259497 27,017 LUMBER PRODUCTS & FURNITURE 1,819 5,596 49682 89352 99956 PAPER & ALLIED PRODUCTS (D) (D) (D) (0) (D) PRINTING & PUBLISHING 6,400 120030 12,302 19057 219JI6 CHEMICALS & ALLIED PRODUCTS 1,715 5,086 5*366 91091 10o478 PETROLEUM REFINING (D) (D) (D) (D) (0) PRIMARY METALS 5,030 10.163 159328 23tO42 239268 FABRICATED METALS & ORDNANCE 15.238 26.981 27,532 44*206 41,256 MACHINERY. EXCLUDING ELECTRICAL 31.737 369213 41#275 44,763 ELECTRICAL MACHINERY & SUPPLIES 31,359 379337 489455 459923 TOTAL MACHINERY (1950 ONLY) 30,604 MOTOR VEHICLES & EQUIPMENT 7 98 121 799 $23 TRANS. EQUIP.. EXCL. MTR. VEHS. 505 2048 2,031 79018 99083 OTHER MANUFACTURING 39,623 841903 94o484 1069768 1141893 TRANS., COMM- & PUBLIC UTILITIES 19,970 28,609 339951 419228 42*040 RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION 4.656 4.76a 49131 39328 39193 TRUCKING 6 WAREHOUSING 6,184 10,029 13.407 179280 17.934 OTHER TRANSPORTATION & SERVICES 1.951 1,989 19952 29833 39180 COMMUNICATIONS 2,487 5.066 5.878 79200 79597 UTILITIES fELEC.,GAS, SANITARY) 4,692 6,757 $9583 109579 109844 WHOLESALE 6 RETAIL TRADE 68,849 92.883 889719 lo'551 120*524 FINANCE. INSURANCE & REAL ESTATE 7,326 12.714 14,615 199853 209108 SERVICES 330402 52s804 609825 879534 90,671 LODGING PLACES 6 PERSONAL SERV. 40408 5,010 7925o 119979 11025 BUSINESS REPAIR SERVICES 3,109 5,045 79613 129221 12,796 AMUSEMENT RECREATION SERVICES 10822 2,026 19991 29485 99405 PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS 6,743 7,397 7*258 49842 49666 PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 17,322 32,526 369713 56*007 58*854 GOVERNMENT 36,320 42,340 48,973 69033 73,b2l CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT 34.678 39 554 46*229 66*445 70*199 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 12.964 14:196 14,449 11.336 119706 STATE & LOCAL GOVERNMENT 21,714 25,359 31,781 550109 58q493 ARMED FORCES 1,642 2.786 2,744 3088 3022 DATA MAY NOT ADD TO HIGHER LEVEL TOTALS BECAUSE OF ROUNDING (D) DELETED TO AVOID DISCL05URE OF CONFIDENTIAL DATA Appendix 3 204 TABLE 3-62 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC PROJECTIONS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 16-2, LANCASTER, PA. SMSA, 1980-2020, SERIES C 16-2 LANCASTER, PENNSYLVANIA SMSA POPULATION, EMPLOYMENT, TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME AND EARNINGs BYSELECTED INDUSTRIES, SELECTED PROJECTED YEAR 5. 1980 2020 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 POPULATION, JULY 1 360.283 412,821 467.776 532,362 606,577 PER CAPITA INCOME (1967S) 4.728 6,203 89441 119216 14027 PER CAPITA INCOME RELATIVE CUSmI.00) .99 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 TOTAL EMPLOYMENT 151.837 170.965 1971255 225,150 255,666 EMPLOYMENT/POPULATION RATIO .42 .41 .42 .42 .42 EARNINGS PER WORKER (1967S) 9,003 Ils798 15.533 20*340 26024 EARNINGS PER WORKER RELATIVE([email protected] .96 .97 .98 .99 1.01 IN THOUsANDS OF 1967 S TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME 19703.528 2.560,742 39948o490 5,9709712 89993*945 TOTAL EARNINGS 19366,996 2.0179118 3.063,992 4,579,489 6%832,472 AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY & FISHERIES 51.471 54.293 63,915 639125 111.489 AGRICULTURE 51,403 54.208 639808 829991 111,326 FORESTRY 6 FISHERIES 45) (5) (5) (5) (b) MINING 3,305 3.975 5.008 6928@ 81063 METAL (D) (D) (D) to) (U) COAL (D) (D) (D) (D) to) NONMETALLIC, EXCEPT FUELS (D) (D) (D) (0) (0 CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION 799661 1149363 168#881 245054 356,124 MANUFACTURING .614.865 OB3.053 10303s4S,j 19895,699 2,762,796 FOOD 6 KINDRED PRODUCTS 39,268 509443 669519 86P661 1149941 TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS 15,586 18,666 23#098 28,412 359511 APPAREL & OTHER FABRIC PRODUCTS 38,016 50,440 689546 91,900 1239920 LUMBER PRODUCTS 6 FURNITURE 14,076 19,744 289292 39.878 56,474 PAPER 6 ALLIED PRODUCTS (D) (D) (D) to) to) PRINTING 6 PUBLISHING 32,409 46,033 67sZ29 96,840 1401052 CHEMICALS & ALLIED PRODUCTS 15#074 22,002 32-676 47,552 689547 PETROLEUM REFINING (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) PRIMARY METALS 29,514 37.077 479376 599298 74tT45 FABRICATED METALS & ORDNANCE 79,602 124,833 1989992 309038 477077 MACHINERY. EXCLUDING ELECTRICAL 69,587 98.411 143.1el 205,327 2959i05 ELECTRICAL MACgINERY & SUPPLIES 90s270 140.754 222.441 341s413 521,541 MOTOR VEHICLES & EQUIPMENT 960 1,423 20152 39146 4s"5 TRANS. EQUIP., EXCL. MTR. VEHS. 15,792 25.180 40.589 639654 989"1 OTHER MANUFACTURING 166.162 235,128 342,470 4919811 7069372 TRANS., COMM. & PUBLIC UTILITIES 66,046 94,524 139,189 2029391 2949499 RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION 5,265 6.850 8.87i 10.998 13t*66 TRUCKING & WAREHOUSING 27.325 39,023 57056 83089 120.129 OTHER TRANSPORTATION 6 SERVICES 5.484 8,534 139536 21t498 339065 COMMUNICATIONS 11.980 18,366 28,764 449024 669927 UTILITIES (ELEC.9GAS. SANITARY) 150993 2i,752 309661 42#781 60*113 WHOLESALE & RETAIL TRADE 2049826 311,693 4879268 7459550 191389818 FINANCE, INSURANCE & REAL ESTATE 34.ST7 53.360 849155 1299850 199001 SERVICES 173.598 203,355 466-057 741*011 1*1579ZS3 LODGING PLACES & PERSONAL SERV. 2L.015 319878 49944S 759012 1139173 BUSINESS 6 REPAIR SERVICES 25.646 43,146 72.882 119,100 1.90008 AMUSEMENT & RECREATION SERVICES 4,408 6.724 10,465 16.016 249245 PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS 6,254 7,649 9014 11%626 14,390 PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 1169276 1939937 3239751 519*256 8149967 GOVERNMENT, 138,647 218,503 3469040 529027 6030099 CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT 133.511 211.902 3379531 5189767 7i9,760 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 18.632 259977 36924S 48018 62001 STATE 6 LOCAL GOVERNMENT 114079 185,925 3019206 4TOO469 727.a5g ARMED FORCES 59136 6*601 89508 IOs94O 14sj4O DATA MAY NOT ADD TO HIGHER LEVEL TOTALS BECAUSE OF ROUNDING (D) DELETED TO AVOID DISCLOSURE OF CONFIDENTIAL DATA 45) TOO SMALL TO BE PROJECTED Appendix 3 205 TABLE 3-63 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC TRENDS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 16-3, YOM, PA. SMSA, 1950-1969 16-3 YORK, PENNSYLVANIA SMSA POPULATION* EMPLOYMENT, TOTAL PER50NAL INCOME AND EARNINGS BY SELECTED INDUSTRIESt SELECTED HIS70RIC YEARS* 1950 1969 1950 1959 1962 1968 1969 POPULATION. JULY 1 247,146 288,054 297*89a 323#344 325,710 PER CAPITA INCOME (1967s) 2.163 2,404 2.462 39196 3.394 PER CAPITA INCOME RELATIVE IUSzl.00) 1.05 .98 .95 .96 .99 TOTAL EMPLOYMENT 103.284 115*929 EMPLOYMENT/POPULATION RATIO .42 .40 EARNINGS PER WORKER (1967S) 4.256 4s798 EARNINGS PER WORKER RELATIVE(USal.00) .95 .90 IN THOUSANDS OF 1967 $ TOTAL PERSONAL,INCOME 534,680 692,417 733.57o 19033,Z91 1.105,453 TOTAL EARNINGS 439,599 556,229 578,567 8439901 9050TO9 AGRICULTURE. FORESTRY 4 FISHERIES 35,805 25.677 190867 279140 349012 AGRICULTURE 35.762 25,609 190815 27,122 33.990 FORESTRY & FISHERIES 43 68 51 .19. 22 MINING (D) (D) (D) (0) (W METAL 55 0 33 0 0 COAL 98 0 0 485 33 CRUDE PETROLEUM 6 NATURAL GAS (D) (D) (0) (D) (W NONMETALLIC, EXCEPT FUELS (D) (0) (D) (D) (u) CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION 23.998 339130 349783 69072 79086 MANUFACTURING 204.954 266,578 270*392 394.425 4209776 FOOD CKINDRED PRODUCTS 19.279 22.985 26s485 30s695 329437 TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS (D) (D) (D) (D) It)) APPAREL & OTHER FABRIC PRODUCTS 13,770 16,741 209026 24,438 249102 LUMBER PRODUCTS 6 FURNITURE (0) (D) (D) (D) (u) PAPER & ALLIED PRODUCTS (D) (D) (D) (D) (0) PRINTING 6 PUBLISHING (D) (D) (D) (D) (9) CHEMICALS 6 ALLIED PRODUCTS (D) (D) (D) W) tu) PETROLEUM REFINING (D) 4D) (D) (D) Wl PRIMARY METALS (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) FABRICATED METALS 6 ORDNANCE (D) (D) (D) (D) to) MACHINERY, EXCLUDING ELECTRICAL (D) (D) (D) (0) ELECTRICAL MACHINERY & SUPPLIES (D) (0) (D) (U) TOTAL MACHINERY (1950 ONLY) 379082 MOTOR VEHICLES'& EQUIPMENT 4,404 4.77s 29545 29341 39411 TRANS. EQUIP., EXCL. MTR. VEHS. 1 181 154 879 Io26O OTHER MANUFACTURING 41,449 41,011 44,229 56,448 56,638 TRANS., COMM. & PUBLIC UTILITIES 20,519 30.687 35.543 46.384 48036 RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION 5.862 5,711 4,934 4,545 49525 TRUCKING G WAREHOU51NG 9,092 15,904 16,656 23,133 249Z63 OTHER TRANSPORTATION & SERVICES 1,050 908 1,474 29065 2.315 COMMUNICATIONS 4D) (D) (D) (D) (0) UTILITIES (ELEC.,GAS, SANITARY) (D) (D) (0) (D) (0) WHOLESALE 6 RETAIL TRADE 57,196 82.681 86o534 1200441 1289828 FINANCE, INSURANCE G REAL ESTATE (D) (D) (D) (D) jul SERVICES 32,817 52,490 57,026 82.806 87.507 LODGING PLACES G PERSONAL 5ERV. 6.588 7,593 8.232 11.527 12.400 BUSINESS & REPAIR SERVICES 3.661 6.045 7*112 12,Z12 139030 AMUSEMENT & RECREATION SERVICES 2,229 2,473 2,591 39312 39206 PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS 4,897 6,361 6.121 4,145 4,012 PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 15,442 30,019 32,971 51s614 549858 GOVERNMENT 51,950 49,17-1 56.159 79,777 84,180 CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT 38.449 45,437 520504 75,330 799423 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 12.591 22,319 18,774 15,100 14,914 STATE & LOCAL GOVERNMENT 25,858 23,117 33,73o 60,231 64,509 ARMED FORCES 13,502 3,733 39655 49446 49757 DATA MAY NOT ADD TO HIGHER LEVEL TOTALS BECAUSE OF ROUNDING (D) DELETED TO AVOID DISCLOSURE OF CONFIDENTIAL DATA A ppendix 3 206 TABLE 3-64 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC PROJECTIONS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 16-3, YORK, PA. SMSA, 1980-2020, SERIES C 16-3 YORK, PENNSYLVANIA 5MSA POPULATIONs EMPLOYMENT, TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME AND EARNINGs BY SELECTED INDUSTRIES. SELECTED PROJECTED YEARS. 1980 2020 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 POPULATIONs JULY 1 385,095 445,061 507,929 581*416 665,378 PER CAPITA INCOME (L967S) 4,591 6,018 8,163 10.867 14060 PER CAPITA INCOME RELATIVE 4USQ1.00) .96 .98 .99 1.00 1.01 TOTAL EMPLOYMENT 164,609 189.646 223.014 258.481 296,986 EMPLOYMENT/POPULATION RATIO .43 .43 .44 .44 .45 EARNINGS PER WORKER (i967$) 8,716 11,33a 141842 19,356 25,378 EARNINGS PER WORKER RELATIVE(US91.00) .93 .93 .94 .95 .96 IN THOUSANDS OF 1967 S TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME 1 49156 55; ,:768:020 1:678:100 6:317:991 9:554:826 TOTAL EARNINGS 434 698 2 150 135 3-310:027 5 003 056 7 536 035 AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY 6 FISHERIES 27,211 28,700 339784 439942 58s942 AGRICULTURE 27.192 28,677 33*755 439904 589893 FORESTRY & FISHERIES (s) (5) (5) (5) (5) MINING to) (D) (D) (D) (U) METAL (5) (5) (S) (S) (51 COAL (5) (S) (5) (5) (b) CRUDE PETROLEUM & NATURAL GAS (D) (0) (D) (D) (0) NONMETALLIC9 EXCEPT FUELS (D) (D) (D) to) (0 CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION 120.109 187,675 298.774 4649357 714,179 MANUFACTURING 631,688. 903,829 19331.947 1,9369884 2,824*366 FOOD & KINDRED PRODUCTS 42,677 54.462 71098 92.522 121#378 TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS (D) (D) (D) (0) (0) APPAREL & OTHER FABRIC PRODUCTS 33,887 43,95s 589664 779591 1039675 LUMBER PRODUCTS & FURNITURE (O@ (D) (D) (0) (0 PAPER 6 ALLIED PRODUCTS (DI 111) (D@ to) PRINTING & PUBLISHING (D) (0) (D (D) @uul@ CHEMICALS 6 ALLIED PRODUCTS (D) (D) (D) to) (u) PETROLEUM REFINING (D) (0) to) (D) (0) PRIMARY METALS (0) (D) (D) (D) (u) FABRICATED METALS & ORDNANCE (D) (D) (D) (D) (u) MACHINERY, EXCLUDING ELECTRICAL (D) (D) (D) (D) (0? ELECTRICAL MACHINERY & SUPPLIES (D) (D) (D) (D) (U) MOTOR VEHICLES 6 EQUIPMENT 5.605 7,330 9083 13,420 189341 TRANS. EQUIP.. EXCL. MTR. VEHS. (S) (5) (S) (5) W OTHER MANUFACTURING 88,043 124,222 1809470 2589618 3709b45 TRANS., COMM. & PUBLIC UTILITIES 73.754 105,933 156,447 22a.157 333,200 RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION 69760 8.655 10,932 13*120 15,445 .TRUCKING & WAREHOUSING 35,811 50.698 739993 106,700 1549059 OTHER TRANSPORTATION 6 SERVICES 4,658 7,717 129872 21*260 349473 COMMUNICATIONS to) (D) (D) (u) (0) UTILITIES (ELEC..GAS. SANITARY) (D) to@ (D) (D) (u) WHOLESALE 6 RETAIL TRADE 218,293 338-534 5379208 8310453 1,2789532 FINANCE, INSURANCE & REAL ESTATE (D) (D) (D) (0) (0) SERVICES 164.064 268.792 443.581 707,293 1,1079010 LODGING PLACES & PERSONAL SERV. 19*351 28,570 43,315 64.490 95,061 BUSINESS & REPAIR SERVICES 25,559 43.051 72,788 119.039 1909508 AMUSEMENT 6 RECREATION SERVICES 59901 8,948 13s862 21vI34 31,902 PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS 5,663 7,163 9.177 11,490 14,519 PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 107,590 181,060 3049445 4919139 774tZ20 GOVERNMENT 161,584 259,582 419,872 656,409 1,016062 CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT 154,755 250,806 408.558 641,865 997,263 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 21,504 27,285 35.133 43,751 53.459 STATE & LOCAL GOVERNMENT 133,251 223.521 373*424 598.115 9439803 ARMED FORCES 6,829 8,776 11*314 14.543 189799 DATA MAY NOT ADD TO HIGHER LCVEL TOTALS BECAUSE OF ROUNDING (D) DELETED TO AVOID DISCLOSURE OF CONFIDENTIAL DATA (S) TOO SMALL TO BE,PROJECTED Appendix 3 207 TABLE 3-,6.5 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC TRENDS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 16-4, ALTOONA, PA. SMSA, 1950-1969 16-4 ALTOONA. PENNSYLVANIA 5MSA POPULATION- EMPLOYMENT, TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME AND EARNINGS BY SELECTED INDUSTRIES, SELECTED HISTORIC YEARS, 1950 1969 1950 1959 1962 1968 1969 POPULATION, JULY 1 139,633 136,235 139,347 1369234 135.488 PER CAPITA INCOME (1967S) 1,778 2.033 2,079 2,718 2,881 PER CAPITA INCOME RELATIVE (US=1.00) .86 .83 .80 .82 .84 TOTAL EMPLOYMENT 47,628 46,255 EMPLOYMENTIPOPULATION RATIO .34 .34 EARNINGS PER WORKER 11967S) 4.231 4,843 EARNINGS PER WORKER RELATIVE(US=1.00) .94 .90 IN THOUSANDS OF 1967 S TOTAL PER50NAL INCOME 248,305 276.904 289.637 370*230 390,305 TOTAL EARNINGS 201,503 224,012 230,304 289,536 308,431 AGRICULTURE. FORESTRY 6 FISHERIES 4.315 3.475 2,534 4,098 495@70 AGRICULTURE 4*282 3,458 2,521 49092 49564 FORESTRY & FISHERIES 33 17 13 6 6 MINING 2.329 3,002 2*476 369 371? COAL 2,Oal 1,341 952 65 40 NONMETALLIC, EXCEPT FUELS 248 19661 1.524 304 337 CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION 8.292 7,347 81036 15,994 18*497 MANUFACTURING 31s469 58.67B 66tl2l 919689 990374 FOOD & KINDRED PRODUCTS 4,686 8.131 8*607 8,884 89827 TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS (D) (D) (D) (0) IV) APPAREL & OTHER FABRIC PRODUCTS 1.606 2,142 2,965 LUMBER PRODUCTS 6 FURNITURE 5.177 5.137 (D) (D) (D) (D) (U) PAPER 6 ALLIED PRODUCTS 7,075 13,309 16096 15.019 159301 PRINTING & PUBLISHING (D) (D) (D) to) (01 CHEMICALS & ALLIED PRODUCTS 989 968 345 364 359 PETROLEUM REFINING 0 0 162 452 618 PRIMARY METALS 146 786 687 2.421 2.346 FABRICATED METALS & ORDNANCE 1,021 4.186 4.219 5,189 59095 MACHINERY. EXCLUDING ELECTRICAL (D) ID) (D) to) ELECTRICAL MACHINERY & SUPPLIES (D) ID) (0) to) TOTAL MACHINERY (1950 ONLY) D) MOTOR VEHICLES & EQUIPMENT 51 602 564 968 L.027 TRANS. EQUIP.. EXCL. MTR. VEHS. 0 0 4 3*417 49111 OTHER MANUFACTURING 6.239 11.218 10.33i 169354 17,019 TRANS.. COMM. & PUBLIC UTILITIES 83,210 65.199 58.836 53,593 56.135 RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION 74,661 54,119 46-996 369360 369008 TRUCKING & WAREHOUSING 3.649 5.475 5.557 7.317 79611 OTHER TRANSPORTATION & SERVICES 367 290 297 575 7,21 COMMUNICATIONS (D) (D) to) to) (0) UTILITIES (ELEC.qGAS, SANITARY) (D) (0) (D) to) It?) WHOLESALE 6 RETAIL TRADE 32,173 36.805 37,473 459042 469619 FINANCE. INSURANCE & REAL ESTATE 3,697 6,251 6s267 7*940 79#70 SERVICES 16,140 23,267 259273 379545 399006 LODGING PLACES 16 PERSONAL 5ERV. 3.712 3.642 3*604 49147 4,006 BUSINESS & REPAIR SERVICES 973 1,200 19985 39946 49222 AMUSEMENT I, RECREATION SERVICES 1,340 1,062 PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS 756 19033 1.018 2,277 29736 2,599 19779 19723 PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 7038 14,62; 169329 269641 20,836 GOVERNMENT 19,877 19,988 230289 339264 35,184 CIVILION GOVERNMENT 18,856 18,477 219805 3L.574 33,38s FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 3,511 4,608 5.454 69351 6,176 STATE & LOCAL GOVERNMENT 15.345 13,869 ARMED FORCES 169351 259223 27,iI3 1,021 1011 19484 19690 19796 DATA MAY NOT ADD TO HIGHER LEVEL TOTALS BECAUSE OF ROUNDING (D) DELETED TO AVOID DISCLOSURE OF CONFIDENTIAL DATA Appendix 3 208 TABLE 3-66 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC PROJECTIONS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 16-4, ALTOONA, PA. SMSA, 1980-2020, SERIES C 16-4.ALTOONA. PENNSYLVANIA SMSA POPULATION9 EMPLOYMENT. TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME AND EARNINGS BY SELECTED INDUSTRIESt SELECTED PROJECTED YEARS, 1980 2020 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 POPULATION; JULYMI 152,713 170,785 1899513 211,960 238tZ98 PER CAPIT INCO E (1967s) 4,151 5,455 7,435 9,896 139u9s PER CAPITA INCOME RELATIVE [email protected]) .87 .88 .90 .91 .92 TOTAL EMPLOYMENT 57*606 62,859 709567 789715 879804 EMPLOYMENT/POPULATION RATIO .38 .37 .37 .37 .37 EARNINGS PER WORKER 41967S) 8,304 11,050 149744 190518 25060 EARNINGS PER WORKER RELATIVEIUS=1.00) .88 .91 .93 .95 .97 IN THOUSANDS OF 1967 S TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME 633,843 931,562 194099118 2,097,458 3,1219L35 TOTAL EARNINGS 478,361 694,573 1.040.433 1,536049 2,270,608 AGRICULTURE. FORESTRY & FISHERIES 50171 5,455 69424 8,354 119205 AGRICULTURE 5.163 5.445 6.409 8036 11.1.82 FORESTRY & FISHERIES (5) is) (5) (5) W MINING 15) is) (5) 45) (5) -COAL (5) (5) (5) (5) (b) NONMETALLIC, EXCEPT FUELS is) (5) (5) 15) is) CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION 19.526 25.084 33*506 44.442 59vI39 MANUFACTURING 158,366 234.248 3559396 529,426 787sOO2 FOOD 6 KINDRED PRODUCTS 14,913 20,316 289239 38.583 539123 TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS (D) (D) (D) (D) it)) APPAREL & OTHER FABRIC PRODUCTS 8,976 12,881 189563 25#991 36,144 LUMBER PRODUCTS & FURNITURE (D) (0) to) (D) to) PAPER & ALLIED PRODUCTS 24,752 359776 539209 789062 1149871 PRINTING & PUBLISHING (D) (D) (D) (D) (0) CHEMICALS & ALLIED PRODUCTS (5) (5) is) (5) (5) PETROLEUM REFINING 778 1.151 1,707 29459 39563 PRIMARY METALS 3,089 39881 4996o 69209 79023 FABRICATED METALS & ORDNANCE 119481 20*200 35925a 589851 959555 MACHINERY. EXCLUDING ELECTRICAL (0) ID) (D) (D) to) ELECTRICAL MACHINERY & SUPPLIES (0) (D@ (D) to) (0) MOTOR VEHICLES & EQUIPMENT 10682 2.199 29995 4026 59502 TRANS. EQUIP.. EXCL. MTR. VEHS. 7,228 11.306 17*946 279807 42v681 OTHER MANUFACTURING 28,086 42,053 64,176 95o645 141.274 TRANS., COMM. & PUBLIC UTILITIES 71,916 90,931 1199007 1559138 2069021 RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION 44.502 50.871 58.706 659665 739363 TRUCKING & WAREHOUSING 11.603 16.572 24,373 359379 519353 OTHER TRANSPORTATION 6,SERVICES 948 19483 2*364 39770 59961 COMMUNICATIONS (D) (D) (D) (D) (u) UTILITIES (ELEC.,GAS, SANITARY) (D) (0 (D) 10) (u) WHOLESALE 6 RETAIL TRADE 72,447 102sB73 151*161 218.770 3179381 FINANCE, INSURANCE & REAL ESTATE 13,227 19.177 28.595 41,939 61.531 SERVICES 77,408 130.626 221.726 363,109 5839297 LODGING PLACES & PERSONAL SERV. 6,250 8,611 12.261 17,287 249602 BUSINESS REPAIR SERVICES 81053 139409 22,454 369438 579980 AMUSEMENT RECREATION SERVICES 1.831 2t805 4$383 6,728 IO.ZO9 PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS 20399 3-.020 3s852 4v8I8 69090 PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 58,875 1029780 1789776 297,839 484.416 GOVERNMENT 59,893 859699 1249032 174,433 244,096 CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT 57,270 82028 119968& 1689846 236,874 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 10,406 149479 20sl7o 26057 34023 STATE & LOCAL GOVERNMENT 46,864 679848 999516 141089 202,151 ARMED FORCES 2,623 3.372 4.341, 50588 79223 DATA MAY NOT ADD TO HIGHER LEVEL TOTALS BECAUSE OF ROUNDING (D) DELETED TO AVOID DISCLOSURE OF CONFIDENTIAL DATA 4S) TOO SMALL TO BE PROJECTED Appendix 3 209 TABLE .3-67 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC.TRENDS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 16-5, RESIDUAL NON-SMSA AREA, 1950-1969 16-5 RESIDUAL NON-5MSA AREA POPULATION. EMPLOYMENT. TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME AND EARNINGs BY SELECTED INDWRIESO SELECTED HISTORIC YEARS. 1950 1969 1950 1959 1962 1968 1969 POPULATION, JULY 1 488.174 500,387 5199054 5259542 525,730 PER CAPITA INCOME (1967s) 1,697 19942 2.028 29802 21935 PER CAPITA INCOME RELATIVE (US-1.00) .82 .80 .79 .84 .66 TOTAL EMPLOYMENT 172.328 181,989 EMPLOYMENT/POPULATION RATIO .35 .36 EARNINGS PER WORKER (196751 39797 4.065 EARNINGS PER WORKER RELATIVE(US-1.00) .84 .76 IN THOU%ANDS OF 1967 $ TOTAL PERSONAL.INCOME 828,580 971,752 11052-567 1,472,655 1.543,139 TOTAL EARNINGS 654,413 739.837 784,927 1.083,084 IsI43097 AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY 6 FISHERIES 65,944 53.236 37*347 509511 59*422 AGRICULTURE 65,288 52.657 36,716 50,338 59,228 FORESTRY & FISHERIES 656 580 637 175 197 MINING (D) (D) (D) ID) (V) METAL (D) (D) (D) (0) it)) COAL 30,906 99704 6.990 59347 5,L91 CRUDE PETROLEUM & NATURAL GAS (D) (D) (D) (D) (0 NONMETALLIC, EXCEPT FUELS 5.662 8.896 79315 5*364 4,444 CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION 279786 30.410 31.40D 509254 569410 MANUFACTURING 212.462 2539459 285,96; 4199L23 439q889 FOOD C KINDRED PRODUCTS 26.222 28,028 289407 3s,131 41so75 TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS 18.738 9,299 13,974 209015 20,057 APPAREL & OTHER FABRIC PRODUCTS 36,210 50.226 54,163 679149 66,717 LUMBER PRODUCTS & FURNITURE 12,108 13,977 15,349 27*092 290023 PAPER & ALLIED PRODUCTS 3.347 5.149 71013 119033 12.326 PRINTING PUBLISHING 4,661 5.849 79229 11046 12o@41 CHEMICALS ALLIED PRODUCTS 14,679 25,256 24-362 319421 309627 PETROLEUM REFINING 10 60 Ill 1,006 1,155 PRIMARY METALS 37.518 419427 43.589 5a.307 58,571 FABRICATED METALS & ORDNANCE 4,474 (5.489 6.441 13037 159405 MACHINERY. EXCLUDING ELECTRICAL 27,815 339462 .57,251 63,054 ELECTRICAL MACHINERY 6 SUPPLIES 55 2.576 8,569 9,621 TOTAL MACHINERY (1950 ONLY) 24.748 MOTOR VEHICLES & EQUIPMENT 0 600 703 3,878 5*057 TRANS. EQUIP.. EXCL. MTR. VEHS. 5.454 13.595 13.592 22*128 26032 OTHER MANUFACTURING 24.288 25.636 34,992 479865 470130 TRANS., COMM- & PUBLIC UTILITIES 42,154 53.85o 54.786 649288 68070 RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION 23.020 17,76a 15.469 13,317 13,526 TRUCKING & WAREHOUSING 8.212 19s893 209352 25,227 28030 OTHER TRANSPORTATION & SERVICES 1,411 1,494 I-62s 2.413 2o695 COMMUNICATIONS 4,469 b.945 7,363 90905 99728 UTILITIES (ELEC-GAS. SANITARY) 5,041 7.755 9.97& 139425 13,889 WHOLESALE & RETAIL TRADE 96,520 115.506 118-340 144-145 1489528 FINANCE. INSURANCE & REAL ESTATE (D) ID) (D) (D) (u) SERVICES 54,910 70.761 77.237 1130990 1189598 LODGING PLACES & PERSONAL SERV. 8.765 10,510 9.71,, 13035 13#367 BUSINESS & REPAIR SERVICES 3.451 4,861 69164 12,378 13,793 AMUSEMENT & RECREATION SERVICES 3,850 2.864 3.342 3,198 3*LIO PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS 6,915 9*393 9-117 5s681 5098 PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 31,933 43.133 48-897 789999 82.829 GOVERNMENT 104.03@ 119,90, 141.069 198,657 211,241 CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT 99.843 111,322 131.948 190,896 201,214 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 43.880 48.783 58.263 76.026 779575 STATE 6 LOCAL GOVERNMENT 55,962 62,539 73.686 114.871 123040 ARMED FORCES 4.188 8.592 9.120 79761 109026 DATA MAY NOT AUD TO HIGHER LEVEL TOTALS BECAUSE OF ROUNDING (D) DELETED TO AVOID DISCLOSURE OF CONFIDENTIAL DATA Appendix 3 210 TABLE 3-68 .DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC PROJECTIONS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 16-5, RESIDUAL NON-SMSA AREA, 1980-2020, SERIES C L6-5 RESIDUAL NON-SMSA AREA POPULATION. EMPLO YMENT, TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME AND EARNINGS BY SELECTED INDUSTRIES. SELECTE DPROJECTED YEARS, 1980 2020 L980 1990 2000 ZOLO 2020 POPULATION, JULY 1 592 000 666:706 744:369 836:803 944:494 PER CA P AM 5 174 7 003 9263 12 zol PIT IMCOME 11967S) 3 967 PER CA TA I@ CO E RELATIVE (US-1.00 .83 B4 84 85 -86 TOTALDEMPLOYME T 23L.963 255,754 289,78o 325,795 365,667 EMPL,YMENT/POPULATION RATIO 39 .38 .39 3 .39 EARN NGS PER WORKER 2 L 13.5 9 .3 I'1967" 7.;54 LO,4 43 IT.766 23 3: EARN NGS PER WORKER RELATIIE(US=I..Ol 83 84 86 87 8 IN THOU0NDS OF L96T TOTAL PER50NAL INCOME 2,348.434 3.449.852 5.ZLZ,893 7,751,220 11.523.973 TOTAL EARNINGS 1,798.616 2.619.121 3,924.381 5,788.12Z 8,534.043 AGRICULTURE. FORESTRY & F15HERIES 16:611 666:6860 :6,710 L16,09 AGRICULTURE :,2:99. 6 458 6 41 6.437 IL5,948 D 1:3 F RESTRY G FISHERIES 5) S 5) 5) MINING METAL :D: 2D@ 2D: @u; C 8, U COAL 6.861 7086 7578 0T6 619 RUDE PETROLEUM,6PMATURAL GAS (D) I ALLIC,T a. 81 NONMET EX EFUELS 5 II-D98 142'12 '.32 CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION 85,8L7 120,351 174.036 248.044 352,648 MANUFACTURING 644:7@11 8915::77 L.284:144 1,82,1:224 2,597:327 FOOD &XI NDRED PRODUCTS 49 1 8 6 7513 11 610 131 TEXTILE MILL '190 100 9. 4'.8 ':L3 PRODUCTSC 2" 3.398 3 .186 4@ APPAREL 6 OTHER FA BRI PRODUCTS 98 .969 131.1 35 17:,73 23 9.010 35291"8 LUMBER PRODUCTS & FURNITURE 43,725 60,747 86.360 120,9Be 70 PAPER & ALLIED PRODUC TS19,989 3O,Z 84 48 .00a 73.391 111:15Z PRINTING & PUbLISHIN3 18 298 25:941 37.830 54.445 778,120 CHEMICAL5 G ALLIED PR ODUCTS46:929 6- 374 90.8 0 127. 87 17 1. ':07 PETROLEUM REFINING 736 2 557 1.7977 5.4024 7 46 PRIMARYMETALS 68,372 a1477 99.639 120,39Z 147.r57 FA BR ICATED METALS 6 ORDNANCE 26, 750 44,31o 73.9 7 119.35E 189,23 MA CHI NER EXCLUDING ELECTRICAL LOD. 395 L47,270 221,427 326,618 480,@916 CE Y 109.06 ELECT RI AL MACH INR6 SUPPLIES L6 978 27 401 44.8 1 70 44 MO TOR VEHIC LES 4, EGUI PMENT 5, 560 7,876 11.419 16.'272 23,40: TR.UE KCL.MTR. VEHS. 219:352 N P@T IN 77,5146 L153.290 L70.L211 250,'5'7180 366 998 ANS. EDUI 44, 97 6.7 99.35& 147, OTHER MA UFA R G 3S TRANS &JUBLIC UTILITIES 98,036 L36:932 197:293 28 40 :907 A- AD %A A I 21:49T PR'1'@ROCOMT PORT T ON 17:319 20'7L8 24,894 171 33 295 U 6.b16 CKI N EHO SING 40 0 5 57 83 20 39 173 TNWAR 09 .7 TR SP RSERVICES 0 6 .8 41 18 .9 3 OTHER GAN 0 TATION64 72 7 39 11 121 45 COMMUNICATIONS II,441 22.816 34,633 51.6 64 707,000295 UTILITIES (ELEC.,GAS. SANITARY)0.5'3 8'@@Io 42 .0 05 60*279 86.962 WHOLESALE & RETAIL TRADE 254.606 378.595 579,727 871,007 L.307065 FINANCE. INSURANCE G REAL ESTATE (D) (0) IDI (D) 40) SERVICES 213.L2T 342:Z37 556:230 877:885 1-367.932 LODGING.PLACE 5 &PERSONAL,SERV. 23 227 33.367 49 38g 98 104:995 ausINE5 & REPAIR SERVICE 23:458 40 731 70.87 11'.16' 196 000 '9 AMUSEMENT G RECREATI ON SE RV ICES 92 , 1 5L15 7 217 10 4 5 0 21 91 PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS 7.784 9.869 5166 21.151 ONAL 6 5 7 PR CFE55ISERVICES 22 a 0 15.90 153.543 25L.053 4L1 65 66 24 862 GOVERNMENT 385:141 191:13, 936:406 1:414:03 2:115:459 CIVILIANGOVERNMEN7 372 628 5 9L4 1 385 066 2 077 279 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 1:2.400 .27a 35 , 130,142 396.001 264 939 9 077 470 13B STATE CLOCAL GOVERNMENT 24Z.486 6 399 649.33, "O@ . 989 1606.94a ARMED FOR ES 12 612 16.730 22 .1 36 295,067 3s.Lso DATA MA YNOT ADD T0HIGHER LEVEL TOTAL$ BECAUSE OF ROUNDING @D DELETED TO A VDID DI SCLaSURE0F CCNFIDENTIAL DATA 5: TOO SMALL TO BE PROJECTED 16-5 IZ-id-l N--SN:SA A@.. F-,kli@, -d L@b- C-ti.. P,p, 1,ti- Hd T,tal P- ... II ....... S,I,ct,d Iti-lic -d ll,,j,,t,d Y,.-, 1950-ZOZO 1950 1959 196Z 1968 1969 1980 1990 2000 zolo 2020 ?.P'@I'ti- J.1y 1 157,80q 177,700 188,300 197.500 198,700 228,747 Z64,663 Z98,474 338,6S,8 386,193 ,If 19.7$) 304,369 374,066 413,713 569.565 600,459 9Z3,06S 1.358,080 Z, 06Z, ZZS 3, 085, 9OZ 4. 611, 686 Appendix 3 211 TABLE 3-69 SUB-SEGMENT AND COUNrYr BREAKDOWN FOR ECONOMIC AREA 17C - BALTIMORE, MD. 17-1 Baltimore, Md. SMSA* Anne Arundel, Maryland Baltimore County, Maryland Baltimore City, Maryland Carroll, Maryland Harford, Maryland Howard, Maryland 17-2 Non-SMSA Area, Maryland* Caroline, Maryland Dorchester, Maryland Kent, Maryland Queen Annes, Maryland Somerset, Maryland Talbot, Maryland Wicomico, Maryland Worcester, Maryland 17-3 Non-SMSA Area, Virginia* Accomack, Virginia Northampton, Virginia 17-4 Non-SMSA Area, Delaware* Kent, Delaware Sussex, Delaware 17-5 Residual Non-SMSA Area Frederick, Maryland Washington, Maryland *Included in Estuary Area as defined. Appendix 3 212 OUTtCA ALBANY r ON ,A S FIANTON &KE gj=! 4 -S UDS13URG A PUNXSUT U ALT HA A LA STE . .... SOMERSET 0 MWd 1.?- -0. 1.4 Ad- YORK 0 Pull tiI.W. CLARKS13URG MO E f N, 0. Sw 0-ft,fa, I ii,46W. *HA ... AN't. It'll, G ND Ell, hi... mo flrd L. fill DANVILL wit., WWII VA MURFEESSA BALTIMORE e ECONOMIC AREA 117) Baltimore, Md@ SMSA* Non-SMSA Arm, Maryland* Non@SMSA Area, Virginia' Non-SMSA Area. Delaware- Residual Non-SMSA Area *Induded in Estuary Area as definedd FIGURE 3-24 Appendix 3 213 TABLE 3-70 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC TRENDS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 17, BALTIMORE, MD., 1950-1969 ECONOMIC AREA 17 BALTIMORE, MARYLAND POPULATION9 EMPLOYMENT, TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME AND EARNINGS BY SELECTED INDUSTRIES- SELECTED HISTORIC YEARS. 1950 1969 1950 1959 1962 1968 1969 POPULATION, JULY 1 1,935,904 2,322.477 294269745 2#638,525 2,6500547 PER CAPITA INCOME (1967S) 2.203 2.485 2*672 39453 39592 PER CAPITA INCOME RELATIVE (USzl.00) 1.07 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 TOTAL EMPLOYMENT 7749807 $97075 EMPLOYMENT/POPULATION RATIO .40 .39 EARNINGS PER WORKER (1967S) 4.560 5,377 EARNINGS PER WORKER RELATIVE(US=1.00) 1.01 1.00 IN THOUSANDS OF 1967 5 TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME 4,264,446 5,771,239 6.483.238 9.111,089 9,519,946 TOTAL EARNINGS 3,5320958 4o828,125 50869657 79498,757 7*8319425 AGRICULTURE. FORESTRY & FISHERIES 215 089 155.480 165,455 1679659 226021 AGRICULTURE 202:661 147,566 159,884 164,284 224t531 FORESTRY & FISHERIES 12,487 79915 59571 39374 10991 MINING 7,653 8.570 8-904 39715 3.900 METAL (D) (D) (0) (D) (U) COAL (D) (D) (D) (D) (U) CRUDE PETROLEUM & NATURAL GAS 55 0 44 239 265 NONMETALLIC. EXCEPT FUELS 7.043 8,57o 8,848 2095 Z9414 CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION Z749936 301,289 333t413 417,633 4499916 MANUFACTURING 1,041,783 1.522,961 19627#660 2,033.732 2,070,193 FOOD 6 KINDRED PRODUCTS 164,551 188,260 2059592 246,450 258,969 TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS 46,923 32,576 13,841 15,048 159044 APPAREL & OTHER FABRIC PRODUCTS 94,178 100.178 113,044 130,934 132.264 LUMBER PRODUCTS & FURNITURE 38,457 46,613 44.354 51v241 52,169 PAPER &-ALLIED PRODUCTS 19.103 35.953 36%364 48,23t, 49*699 PRINTING 6 PUBL15HING 52.015 77,484 88,73a 114,0@4 120,94a CHEMICALS 6 ALLIED PRODUCTS 47.987 73,886 109.491 140,291 147,118 PETROLEUM REFINING 13,772 8.776 7.665 10,672 8069 PRIMARY METALS 152 716 273:375 311:238 382*974 4029045 FABRICATED METALS & ORDNANCE 71:083 128 778 249 183 232*817 197,373 MACHINERY, EXCLUDING ELECTRICAL 72,725 82,592 1239731 131,633 ELECTRICAL MACHINERY 6 SUPPLIES 869623 89,53-i 1189091 104*022 TOTAL MACHINERY (1950 ONLY) 94,351 .MOTOR VEHICLES 6 EQUIPMENT 31*291 28,845 52.933 106,789 107,587 TRANS. EQUIP., EXCL. MTR. VEHS. 113,415 243.687 91.714 1319614 161,972 OTHER MANUFACTURING 1019943 125,206 1319381 180,809 1801782 TRANS.', COMM. 6 PUBLIC UTILITIES 339,167 438.038 458,959 555,79Z 5809401 RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION 115,003 111,993 101-918 93,181 96.499 TRUCKING b WAREHOUSING 41,562 84,363 95.062 133,957 1370149 OTHER TRANSPORTATION 6 SERVICES 92.127 102.255 108,941 122.698 125OU45 COMMUNICATIONS 40.586 70.869 75.725 112,607 1229167 UTILITIES (ELEC.,GAS, SANITARY) 49,895 68,559 77.316 93.345 97,422 WHOLESALE & RETAIL TRADE 623,976 793,676 8689523 19188,532 1*2389039 FINANCE, INSURANCE & REAL ESTATE 144,453 227.549 242,619 329,287 342,720 SERVICES 386,662 5169494 632,135 95L9819 996,986 LODGING PLACES G PERSONAL SERV. 58,808 70.281 74,891 108*003 107,656 BUSINESS & REPAIR SERVICES 40.494 76,493 110*196 2019902 2169622 AMUSEMENT 6 RECREATION SERVICES 22.145 28,191 31,109 439337 409483 PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS 92.771 79.339 82,247 72.534 709Z24 PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 172,441 2629190 333,696 526,041 5629001 GOVERNMENT 499,237 864.072 1.048094 1,850,589 1,922.149 CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT 374,214 659*021 8359833 195139425 195961588 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 196,993 307.242 388.140 781.774 8020144 STATE & LOCAL GOVERNMENT 177,221 351.776 447,692 [email protected] ARMED FORCES 125,022 205,051 213,158 3379165 326,162 DATA MAY NOT ADD TO HIGHER LEVEL TOTALS BECAUSE OF ROUNDING (D) DELETED TO AVOID DISCLOSURE OF CONFIDENTIAL DATA Appendix 3 214 TABLE 3-71 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC PROJECTIONS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 17, BALTIMORE, MD., 1980-2020, SERIES C ECONOMIC AREA 17 BALTIMORE, MARYLAND POPULATION. EMPLOYMENT, TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME AND EARNINGS BY SELECTED INDUSTRIES, SELECTED PROJECTED YEARS. 1980 2020 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 POPULATION, JULY 1 3.107,305 3.581,718 4,032,969 4.518,150 5,0099752 PER CAPITA INCOME (1967S) 4.925 6065 8,563 11.262 14,765 PER CAPITA INCOME RELATIVE (U5=1.00) 1.03 1.03 1.03 1.03 1.04 TOTAL EMPLOYMENT 1,2619674 1.420-657 1,626sO29 19826-189 2,021095 ,EMPLOYMENT/POPULATION RATIO .41 .40 .40 .40 .40 EARNINGS PER WORKER (1967$) 9.750 12,733 16.658 21,637 28.186 EARNINGS PER WORKER RELATIVE(US=1.00) 1.04 1.05 1.05 1.06 1.06 IN THOUSANDS OF 1967 s TO TAL PERSONAL INCOME 15.303.056 22,799.291 34.535.858 50,882,334 73.969.427 TOTAL EARNINGS 12,301,012 18,088,588 27.086,316 39,513.367 56,967,305 AGRICULTURE. FORESTRY & F15HERIES 189,020 - 199,995 235-856 306,138 4091171 AGRICULTURE 182.617 192.238 226,278 294*309 394l793 FORESTRY 6 FISHERIES 6.403 7,75a 9.578 IIss29 14078 MINING 4.982 5.844 7-157 8.777 10,951 METAL (0) (D) ID) (D) (u) COAL (D) (D) (D) (0) (U) CRUDE PETROLEUM & NATURAL GAS (5) (5) (S) (S) lb) NONMETALLIC. EXCEPT FUELS 3.193 3,592 49259 59068 6,184 CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION 683,213 1,010,868 19521.145 2.228,013 3.211.457 MANUFACTURING Z,971,025 49062,507 59720061 7,9579372 11,1269@M FOOD & KINDRED PRODUCTS 345.780 447,643 593*982 779o565 1.034lO43 TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS 16,395 17,488 19,351 21*726 24*898 APPAREL 6 OTHER FABRIC PRODUCTS 186,678 241.837 322,155 424,920 565065 LUMBER PRODUCTS 6 FURNITURE 71.130 91.611 121,756 160,510 214,832 PAPER & ALLIED PRODUCTS 78,931 116,253 1759726 2619329 388042 PRINTING & PUBLISHING 179,390 254.505 3689252 520,344 730,039 CHEMICALS 6 ALLIED PRODUCTS 236,488 349,081 5279379 78l1245 1,1509987 PETROLEUM REFINING 10.102 12.039 14s756 17,920 229273 PRIMARY METALS 520,179 654,355 8389749 1,056,515 193450060 FABRICATED METALS & ORDNANCE 297,094 421,263 613*91a 880,390 1.256,964 MACHINERY9 EXCLUDING ELECTRICAL 207,347 307.676 467,042 695.394 1,0310111 ELECTRICAL MACHINERY & SUPPLIES 1714982 262.890 408,352 616s289 925014 MOTOR VEHICLES & EQUIPMENT 184,251 262.747 3849695 554,346 749,647 TRANS. EQUIP., EXCL. MTR. VEH5. 2044329 265,168 357,090 4771242 642,649 OTHER MA14UFACTURING 260,948 357,953 5079558 709t636 994oO57 TRANS., COMM. & PUBLIC UTILITIES 829,510 4,151,648 196409268 29294,420 301989,25 RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION Ij4jOO7 126.695 1409988 151,174 160oZ81 TRUCKING & WAREHOU51NG 208.146 298,007 436,03o 623s886 8859042 OTHER TRANSPORTATION & SERVICES 187.792 267,415 388.953 553,044 7799597 COMMUNICATIONS 179,457 265.411 3989887 582,860 841,LI7 UTILITIES (ELEC.,GAS, SANITARY) 140.109 194.121 2759411 383,456 532#088 WHOLESALE & RETAIL TRADE -2.006,Z61 29975.787 49502048 69623o231 99622v446 FINANCE. INSURANCE & REAL ESTATE 545.767 806,461 1,211,815 1,772,886 2.5649096 SERVICES 1.77L.398 2,813.560 49484,801 69872,756 109281,609 LODGING PLACES & PERSONAL 5ERV. 177.762 260.730 389922o 566915Z $139982 BUSINESS 6 REPAIR SERVICES 372,164 509,504 934,867 1.423,555 2,114,677 AMUSEMENT & RECREATION SERVICES 66,995 96,757 142.403 203,938 2889920 PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS 91,652 108,465 1299780 1519281 1769424 PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 1,062,826 1,758,105 2o8889532 40279831 6,8889306 GOVERNMENT 3.299.835 5,061.918 797619763 11,449,773 16,543tl7O CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT 2.899,654 4,542,705 790879161 10,5769817 15,4099126 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 1$367#751 29025,2tO 299889070 492119912 5,737044 STATE 6 LOCAL GOVERNMENT 1.5319903 29517.495 4tO999091 6.3649905 996719282 ARMED FORCES 4000181 519,213 6749602 $729956 1,1349043 DATA MAY NOT ADD TO HIGHER LEVEL TOTALS BECAUSE OF ROUNDING 4D) DELETED TO AVOID DISCLOSURE OF CONFIDENTIAL DATA (5) Too SMALL TO BE PROJECTED Appendix 3 215 TABLE 3-72 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC TRENDS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 17-1, BALTIMORE, MD. SMSA, 1950-1969 17-1 BALTIMORE. MARYLAND SMSA POPULATION, EMPLOYMENT, TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME AND EARNINGS BY SELECTED INOUSTRIE59 SELECTED HISTORIC YEARS, 1950 1969 1950 1959 1962 1968 1969 POPULATION, JULY 1 1,464.644 1,783,566 1.857,058 2.043,447 2,054o490 PER CAPITA INCOML (1967S) 2,335 2.588 2.772 3.495 3,608 PER CAPITA INCOME RELATIVE (US-1.00) 1.13 1.06 1.07 1.05 1.05 TOTAL EMPLOYMENT 590,941 693.471 EMPLOYMENT/POPULATION RATIO .40 .39 EARNINGS PER WORKER (1967S) 4,797 5.611 EARNINGS PER WORKER RELATIVE(USzl.oo) 1.07 1.05 IN THOU-sANDS OF 1967 $ TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME 3,419,501 4,615,aO5 591479033 7,1419907 7,412,Z63 TOTAL EARNINGS 2,834,585 3,891.359 4.333.464 6,014098 6,242.733 AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY & FISHERIES 42,665 -26,269 22,992 27,360 33,364 AGRICULTURE 41,670 25.651 22956g 27sI44 339L96 FORESTRY & FISHERIES 995 619 424 219 168 MINING 79045 7,654 7,966 2,520 21903 METAL (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) COAL (D) (D) (D) (D) (u) CRUDE PETROLEUM G NATURAL GAS (0) (D) (D) (D) (U) NONMETALLIC. EXCEPT FUELS 6,490 7.654 79954 19733 1,508 CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION 2409201 2539841 2849-6Z4 345*967 371,691 MANUFACTURING 878,052 1,295,695 1,3769335 1,661,074 1,682.LI2 FOOD & KINDRED PRODUCTS 115,897 127,92o 140*847 149,829 155,551 TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS ID) (D) (D) (0) (P) APPAREL & OTHER FABRIC PRODUCTS 71,547 709793 75*796 89,118 90,508 LUMBER PRODUCTS 6 FURNITURE (D) (D) (D) M W) PAPER & ALLIED PRODUCTS 18,699 35.791 369113 469021 47,373 PRINTING & PUBLISHING 49.024 68s685 789532 979900 IO3vIO7 CHEMICALS 6 ALLIED PRODUCTS 35.560 59,157 81,072 94.954 100,957 PETROLEUM REFINING 13,772 8,412 7-124 9,916 79542 PRIMARY METALS 151,643 272,437 310-116 381.308 399*513 FABRICATED METALS & ORDNANCE 66,593 121,499 240,561 iZO9537 I84t0I8 MACHINERY, EXCLUDING ELECTRICAL 62,487 70,992 105,590 1109454 ELECTRICAL MACHINERY & SUPPLIES 83.460 83,355 111#953 98.939 TOTAL MACHINERY (1950 ONLY) 84,029 MOTOR VEHICLES & EQUIPMENT 31,233 28,591 71.116 67,566 TRANS. EQUIP., EXCL. MTR. VEH5. 99.651 201s673 69sO49 939770 129,082 OTHER MANUFACTURING 81.607 100,121 107,143 1419758 1409528 TRANS.. COMM. 6 PUBLIC UTILITIES 285.109 366.662 383-003 467.548 490.003 RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION tD) (D) (D) (D) IV) TRUCKING & WAREHOUSING (D) (D) (D) (D) (P) OTHER TRANSPORTATION 6 SERVICES (0) (DI (D) (D) (u) COMMUNICATIONS 34,593 60.007 639034 92v681 1019718 UTILITIES (ELEC-GAS, SANITARY) 40,868 56,790 629604 73o926 779413 WHOLESALE & RETAIL TRADE 499,599 642,188 707,03o 976,704 1,016j454 FINANCE, INSURANCE & REAL ESTATE 131,554 204s422 219.466 2979137 3089887 SERVICES 324,789 425,059 5229022 789*129 826,946 LODGING PLACES & PERSONAL SERV. 46,642 55,795 58*957 85,235 8491381 BU51NESS & REPAIR SERVICES 37,242 69,957 100,916 181*066 194*086 AMUSEMENT & RECREATION SERVICES 19,161 24,407 269707 369967 34,191 PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS 78,002 64,910 669996 61006 59,062 PROFE55IONAL SERVICES 143,741 209,989 2689451 4241854 453t926 GOVERNMENT 425,571 669,569 810,031 1,4469959 1,010,373 CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT 313,003 510,378 647s555 19185#530 1,2539Z17 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 176,034 254,452 320,962 661,177 680,401 STATE & LOCAL GOVERNMENT 136,968 255,924 3269593 524055 572,818 ARMED FORCES 112,569 159,192 162,474 261,430 257,156 DATA MAY NOT ADD TO HIGHER LEVEL TOTALS BECAUSE OF ROUNDING (D) DELETED TO AVOID DISCLOSURE,OF CONFIDENTIAL DATA Appendix 3 216 TABLE 3-73 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC PROJECTIONS FOR'ECONOMIC AREA 17-1, BALTIMORE, MD. SMSA, 1980-2020, SERIES C 17-1 BALTIMORE* MARYLAND SM5A POPULATION9 EMPLOYMENT, TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME AND EARNINGS BY SELECTED INDUSTRIE39 SELECTED PROJECTED YEARS, 1980 2020 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 POPULATION, JULY 1 2*398,380 29761*428 391069320 3,4779221 398530362 PER CAPITA INCOME (1967S) 5,019 69477 89702 119432 149975 PER CAPITA INCOME RELATIVE ([email protected]? 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 TOTAL EMPLOYMENT 967.374 1,090.001 192489031 194029136 195529776 EMPLOYMENTIPOPULATION RATIO .40 .39 .4o ..40 .40 EARNINGS PER WORKER (1967S) 10,080 13.084 16,991 21,863 28*122 EARNINGS PER WORKER RELATIVECUScL.00) 1.07 1.08 1.07 1.07 1-06 IN THOUSANDS OF 1967 S TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME 12,037,764 179886.321 279031000 39.749,872 57,702*598 TOTAL EARNINGS 99751,366 14,261.483 21,205.048 309655957@ 43,667,492 AGRICULTURE. FORESTRY & FISHERIES 30.202 32,065 3,r,TZ6 48#97.5 659570 AGRICULTURE 29.787 31,613 37.211 489399 649923 FORESTRY & FISHERIES (5) is) is) (5) is) MINING 3,574 4.231 5.219 6,439 8.069 METAL (D) (D) to) to) (0) COAL (D) (D) to) to) (U) CRUDE PETROLEUM & NATURAL GAS (D) (D) (0) to) (u) NONMETALLICs EXCEPT FUELS 2,024 2.276 29699 39211 39918 CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION 553.464 804,578 I.L91,164 1,718.902 2.4449521 MANUFACTURING 2.376,009 3,219.482 4.495.839 6,206.531 8,6239412 FOOD-& KINDRED PRODUCTS 200.287 250,149 321,551" 410.699 532010 TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS to) (D) (D) (D) (u) APPAREL & OTHER FABRIC PRODUCTS 122.828 155,497 203.082 263,540 346,379 LUMBER PRODUCTS & FURNITURE (0) to) (0 to) lu) PAPER & ALLIED PRODUCTS 74,646 1099313 164,426 2439546 360,530 PRINTING 6 PUBLISHING 148,450 205,754 291,802 405953Z 562tZ54 CHEMICALS 6 ALLIED PRODUCTS 154.261 222,284 32a,93i 479,014 696,454 PETROLEUM REFINING 99386 11,186 139712 l6o649 20,694 PRIMARY METALS 518,036 651,780 8359573 1*052,640 1,3409461 FABRICATED METALS 6 ORDNANCE 282,038 399.925 582.759 835,610 1.193015 MACHINERY, EXCLUDING ELECTRICAL 173,988 255.610 384,577 568.177 836,914 ELECTRICAL MACHINERY 6 SUPPLIES 1609999 244,223 3769389 563,525 839.267 MOTOR VEHICLES & EQUIPMENT 116,945 162.851 2339297 329,617 467,436 TRANS. EQUIP.. EXCL. mTR. VEH5. 145.962 187.374 249.996 331,557 443.844 OTHER MANUFACTURING 205,183 284,199 406,282 571,965 805058 TRANS., COMM. & PUBLIC UTILITIES 695,114 962.493 1.366.696 1,906,021 2,649083 RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION (D) (D) (D) (D) (0) TRUCKING & WAREHOUSING (D) (D) (D) to) (u) OTHER TRANSPORTATION & SERVICES (D) (D) (D) (0) (u) COMMUNICATIONS 146,721 215,307 321.411 467,079 671.242 UTILITIES (ELEC..GAS. SANITARY) 109,926 151,359 213,609 296.135 4099590 WHOLESALE & RETAIL TRADE L,6L9,356 2,385.390 @,585,705 5.241.305 71569.272 FINANCE, INSURANCE & REAL ESTATE 487,997 717.634 1,0739402 1,563,514 2.251048 SERVICES 1,440,473 2.255.390 3.531.107 59273,625 7.5529393 LODGING PLACES & PERSONAL SERV. 139,792 204,655 3049972 442,911 6359910 BUSINESS & REPAIR SERVICES 3249030 495.760 743.620 19023,027 1.217,528 AMUSEMENT & RECREATION SERVICES 56,884 81,672 119.60a 170,605 24U068 PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS 76.384 90.097 107.49n 125#019 145,579 PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 843.382 1.383,205 2,255,416 3,512.063 5,313#009 GOVERNMENT 2.545,177 3,880.221 5,918.196 8,690,261 12,502,922 CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT 2,238,954 3.485,6L3 5,4089457 8.033.767 11,653,14T FEDERAL GOVERNMENT L,145,827 1,686.683 2.476.131 3,476920 4,721,965 STATE & LOCAL GOVERNMENT 1,093,127 1,798,930 2.932,327 4,557.505 6,9319181 ARMED FORCES 306.223 394,608 509.739 656.493 849,775 DATA MAY NOT ADD TO HIGHER LEVEL TOTALS BECAUSE OF ROUNDING (D) DELETEDT 0 AVOID DISCLOSURE OF CONFIDENTIAL DATA 5)TOO SMALL TO BE PROJECTED Appendix 3 217 TABLE 3-74 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC TRENDS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 17-2, MARYLAND NON-SMSA AREA, 1950-1969 17-2 MARYLAND'NON-5MSA AREA POPULATION, EMPLOYMENT, TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME AND EARNINGs BY SELECTED INDUSTRIES, SELECTED HISTORIC YEARS, 1950 1969 1950 1959 1962 1968 1969 POPULATION, JULY 1 178,174 1929978 203,016 205,279 204,683 PER CAPITA INCOME (1967s) 1,609 1,928 2,219 3,205 3,495 PER CAPITA INCOME RELATIVE (US=1.00) .78 .79 .86 .97 1.02 TOTAL EMPLOYMENT 71#760 73,837 EMPLOYMENT/POPULATION RATIO .40 .38 EARNINGS PER WORKER (1967$) 3.453 4,231 EARNINGS PER WORKER RELATIVE(US=1.00) .77 .79 IN THOUSANDS OF 1967 S TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME 286,656 372,074 450.421 657.913 715,366 TOTAL EARNINGS 247.798 312,395 366.16g 491.975 5429992 AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY & F15HERIES 68,485 54.026 64,02g 60*989 88,L20 AGRICULTURE 61,179 49,311 60.705 589926 87,189 FORESTRY & FISHERIES 7*305 4,713 39323 2060 931 MINING 246 354 351 438 432 METAL ED) ED) ED) ED) (u) COAL 0 0. 6 2 NONMETALLIC, EXCEPT FUELS ED) ED) ED) (0) ED) CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION 13.586 15.251 161204 25,668 279497 MANUFACTURING 50,095 68,094 79,766 100,633 106,170 FOOD & KINDRED PRODUCTS ED) ED) ED) ED) (0) TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS ED) ED) ED) (0) to) APPAREL & OTHER FABRIC PRODUCTS ED) ED) ED) ED) ( V) LUMBER PRODUCTS6 FURNITURE 5,787 6.12g 5.566 5,45Z 59582 PAPER & ALLIED PRODUCTS 0 29 55 939 1.027 PRINTING & PUBLISHING 1,164 3.392 4,989 8.519 9.506 CHEMICALS & ALLIED PRODUCTS 497 991 19320 19298 19497 PETROLEUM REFINING ED) ED) ED) ED) to) PRIMARY METALS ED) ED) ED) ED) (0) FABRICATED METALS & ORDNANCE ED) ED) (0) (0) (u) MACHINERY, EXCLUDING ELECTRICAL 2,459 4vI52 7907 69575 ELECTRICAL MACHINERY 6 SUPPLIES 1,068 1,57o 1.687 19908 TOTAL MACHINERY (1950 ONLY) 1.464 MOTOR VEHICLES 6 EQUIPMENT ED) (0) ED) (D@ TRANS. EQUIP.. EXCL. MTR. VEHS. ED) (0) ED) (D@ OTHER MANUFACTURING 4,201 3.433 29298 59197 59?05 TRANS., COMM. & PUBLIC UTILITIES 13.138 18,281 22.486 29.277 30,523 RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION ED) ED) ED) ED) (u) TRUCKING & WAREHOUSING ED) ED) ED) ED) (u) OTHER TRANSPORTATION & SERVICES ED) ED) (0) (0) (0) COMMUNICATIONS 1.905 3,682 4,708 7.442 7,927 UTILITIES (ELEC.,GAS, SANITARY) ED) ED) ED) (0) ED) WHOLESALE 6 RETAIL TRADE 49,146 59.160 62-985 82.444 S69907 FINANCE. INSURANCE & REAL ESTATE 4,606 8,156 .9,052 12*277 130,21 SERVICES 25,749 33,162 41#204 57,918 619L21 LODGING PLACES & PERSONAL SERV. 5,423 6,478 7,309 9.986 109;!02 BUSINESS & REPAIR SERVICES 1.102 2,160 Z,93o 6,714 7,415 AMUSEMENT & RECREATION SERVICES 1.617 2,157 21093 2,405 2,155 PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS 6.116 4.981 5,504 4,075 3.945 PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 11.490 17.387 23,366 349738 379401 GOVERNMENT 22.747 55,912 70-097 122,334 129,104 CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT 20,515 52,401 66,561 II8sI89 1249986 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 4,454 10,029 13*734 269297 27vI65 STATE & LOCAL GOVERNMENT 16,061 42.372 52,826 91,893 97,818 ARMED FORCES 2,231 3.510 3$537 4,145 4,120 DATA MAY NOT ADD TO HIGHER LEVEL TOTALS BECAUSE ORROUNDING ED) DELETED TO AVOID DISCLOSURE OF CONFIDENTIAL DATA endix 3 Fp 218 TABLE 3-75 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC PROJECTIONS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 17-2, MARYLAND NON-SMSA AREA, 1980-2020, SERIES C 17-2 MARYLAND NON-SMSA AREA POPULATION. EMPLOYMENT, TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME AND EARNINGS By SELECTED INDUSTRIES, SELECTED PROJECTED YEARS. 1980 2020 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 POPULATION, JULY 1 244,504 282.047 317o776 356*174 395*008 PER CAPITA INCOME (1967S) 4,474 5,869 7-994 10#619 149U31 PER CAPITA INCOME RELATIVE ([email protected]) .94 .95 .96 .97 .98 TOTAL EMPLOYMENT 103.524 115,800 131.809 147,385 1629609 EMPLOYMENT/POPULATION RATIO .42 .41 .41 .41 .41 EARNINGS PER WORKER (1967S) 8,307 11.196 15.Z5() 20,853 29,119 EARNINGS PER WORKER RELATIVE(US=1.00) .88 .92 .96 1.02 1.10 IN THOUSANDS OF 1967 S TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME 1,093,885 1,6559353 2,540,146 3,782,044 5,542.525 TOTAL EARNINGS 859,968 1,296,457 Z9010.149 3.073,439 4.7359082 AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY & FISHERIES 72,827 78.157 929486 119,944 1599848 AGRICULTURE 68.005 72,174 84,954 1109496 148922z FORESTRY & FISHERIES 4.822 5.984 7.531 9.448 11.626 MINING (5) (5) (S) (S@ (5) METAL (D) (D) (D) (D) (U) COAL (5) (S) (5) (5) (b) CRUDE PETROLEUM & NATURAL GAS (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) NONMETALLIC, EXCEPT FUELS (D) (D) (D) (D) (U) ,CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION 45,756 70.982 110,762 166.600 244.359 MANUFACTURING 154,074 213,734 304,052 426,341 600,418 FOOD & KINDRED PRODUCTS (D) (D-) (D) (D) (U) TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS (D) (D) (0) qu) (U) APPAREL 6 OTHER FABRIC PRODUCTS (D) (D) (D) 10) (u) LUMBER PRODUCTS & FURNITURE 69923 8,271 IOt266 12,754 16*474 PAPER & ALLIED PRODUCTS -2.201 3.886 6.703 10.971 179423 PRINTING & PUBLISHING 15,714 24.329 37,627 55.890 81065 CHEMICALS & ALLIED PRODUCTS 2,038 2,869 4,16o 5.956 89534 PETROLEUM REFINING (D) (D) (D) (u) (U) PRIMARY METALS (0) (D) (D) (D) (U) FABRICATED METALS & ORDNANCE (D) (D) (D) (D) (U) MACHINERY, EXCLUDING ELECTRICAL 13,174 20,884 33.392 5197Z5 78088 ELECTRICAL MACHINERY & SUPPLIES 4,017 7.527 14,016 24,884 43,262 MOTOR VEHICLES & EQUIPMENT. (D) (D) (D) (0) (D) TRANS. EQUIP., EXCL. MTR. VEHS. (0) (D) (0) (D) (U) OTHER MANUFACTURING 6,697 8,608 11,499 l5sZ65 20,516 TRANS.. COMM. & PUBLIC UTILITIES 47,323 69.583 1049154 151.788 2181452 RAILROAD TRANSPORTA716N (D) ID) (D) (D) (U) TRUCKING & WAREHOUSING (D) IDJ (D) (D) (U) OTHER TRANSPORTATION & SERVICES (D) IDI (0) (D) (U) COMMUNICATIONS 13.015 20,291 31982o 48,067 71*11L UTILITIES tELEC.,GAS. SANITARY) (D) (D) (D) JD) (U) WHOLESALE & RETAIL TRADE 150.545 228.791 353,704 530,303 7839?43 FINANCE, INSURANCE 6 REAL ESTATE 23.040 36,229 57.53;- 88,454 133,855 SERVICES 122.173 209.288 367.828 646.26Z 19185,@$37 LODGING PLACES & PERSONAL SERV. 17,583 26.262 399841 589804 85*683 BUSINESS REPAIR SERVICES 17,994 39*355 90*171 210069 5199526 AMUSEMENT RECREATION SERVICES 3.767 59583 89392 12.220 179407 PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS 5,124 6.059 7.248 80446 99848 PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 77,704 132902s 2229176 356,023 552090 GOVERNMENT 243,657 3899022 618,803 942,726 1,407,987 CIVILIAff GOVERNMENT 238,673 3029599 6109506 9329040 10949156 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 41.577 589242 8109n 1109296 144,424 STATE & LOCAL GOVERNMENT 197,096 324,356 5289716 8219744 1,249*732 ARMED FORCES 4.984 6,423 89297 109686 139831 DATA MAY NOT ADD TO HIGHER LEVEL TOTAL$ BECAUSE OF ROUNDING (D) DELETED TO AVOID DISCLOSURE OF CONFIDENTIAL DATA (5) TOO SMALL TO BE PROJECTED Appendix 3 219 TABLE 3-76 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC TRENDS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 17-3, VIRGINIA NON-SMSA AREA, 1950-1969 17-3 VIRGINIA NON-SMSA AREA POPULATION. EMPLOYMENT. TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME AND EARNINGS BY SELECTED INDUSTRIESs 54LECTED HISTORIC YEARS. 1950 1969 1950 1959 1962 1968 1969 POPULATION, JULY 1 51,075 47,410 48,184 44,811 439912 PER CAPITA INCOME (19675) 1,455 1,283 1.524 29271 2,406 PER CAPITA INCOME RELATIVE (US=1.00) .70 .53 .59 .68 .70 TOTAL EMPLOYMENT 19,467 16.558 EMPLOYMENT/POPULATION RATIO .38 .35 EARNINGS PER WORKER (1967S) 3,376 3,011 EARNINGS PER WORKER RELATIVE(US=1.00) .75 .56 IN THOUsANDS OF 1967 S TOTAL PER50NAL INCOME 74,323 60,834 73.447 101065 1059662 TOTAL EARNINGS 651715 49,850 58-906 77*511 809477 AGRICULTURE. FORESTRY & FISHERIES 28,727 15.373 18,345 219258 22,101 AGRICULTURE 25.400 13,293 16.863 20,454 210396 FORESTRY 6 FISHERIES 39327 2.082 1,482 803 105 MINING (D) (D) (D) (D) (U) NONMETALLIC, EXCEPT FUELS (0) (0) (0) (0) (U) 'CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION 964 1.188 10181 29259 29061 MANUFACTURING 5,553 6,205 79467 11*138 11.915 FOOD & KINDRED PRODUCTS 2,874 3,803 49055 79531 89542 APPAREL & OTHER FABRIC PRODUCTS (D) (D) (D) 10) (u) LUMBER PRODUCTS & FURNITURE 1,950 1.035 924 954 983 PRINTING & PUBLISHING ID) (D) (D) (D) (U), CHEMICALS 6 ALLIED PRODUCT$ 0 0 75 33 FABRICATED METALS 6 ORDNANCE 0 0 0 14 17 ELECTRICAL MACHINERY & SUPPLIES 0 4 3 TOTAL MACHINERY (1950 ONLY) 0 MOTOR VEHICLES & EQUIPMENT 0 0 0 5 5 TRANS. EQUIP.. EXCL. MTR. VEHS. 0 0 0 5 2 OTHER MANUFACTURING (D) (D) (D) (U) TRANS., COMM. & PUBLIC UTILITIES 3,848 3.169 39909 4.093 4085 RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION 1.892 1.209 1.201 1,194 IvL61 TRUCKING & WAREHOUSING 762 429 945 878 901 OTHER TRANSPORTATION f, SERVICES 0 0 0 57 42 COMMUNICATIONS (D) (D) (D) (D) (0) UTILITIES (ELEC..GAS, SANITARY) (D) (D) ID) (D) (U) WHOLESALE & RETAIL TRADE 9,266 8,368 9-458 10.600 10.843 FINANCE. INSURANCE & REAL ESTATE (0) (D) (D) (0), (V) SERVICES 4,281 4.656 59601 89559 89567 LODGING PLACES & PERSONAL SERV. 826 815 71Q 1.288 I,Z34 BUSINESS & REPAIR SERVICES 73 95 251 944 I'Z29 AMUSEMENT & RECREATION SERVI CES 77 73 117 157 142 PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS 19545 1,290 1.355 19025 993 PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 1,760 2,383 3.160 5v144 40970 GOVERNMENT 12.143 9.753 11,671 17,886 199137 CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT 6,967 7,755 9098 l5t485 160707 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 4,487 3,413 49607 89582 9.546 STATE 6 LOCAL GOVERNMENT 2,480 4.341 5.190 6,90 79161 ARMED FORCES 5,176 1,997 IsS73 2s401 29430 DATA MAY NOT ADD TO HIGHER LEVEL TOTALS BECAUSE OF ROUNDING (0) DELETED TO AVOID DISCLOSURE OF CONFIDENTIAL DATA Appendix 3 220 TABLE 3-77 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC PROJECTIONS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 17-3, VIRGINIA NON-SMSA AREA, 1980-2020, SERIES C 17-3 VIRGINIA NON.SMSA AREA POPULATION* EMPLOYMENT, TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME AND EARNINGS BY SELECTED INDUSTRIES$ SELECTED PROJECTED YEARS. 080 2020 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 POPULATION, JULY 1 45:117 46:920 479992 49.292 509849 PER CAPITA INCOME 129675) 3 123 4 179 5,781 7,803 10.463 PER CAPITA INCOME RELATIVE (US=1.00) .66 .68 .70 .72 .73 TOTAL EMPLOYMENT 189783 19.276 2009o 219172 21,014 EMPLOYMENT/POPULATION RATIO .42 .41 .42 .43 .42 EARNINGS PER WORKER (1967S) 6.144 80216 119111 159173 21.044 EARNINGS PER WORKER RELATIVE(WS-1.00) .65 .68 .70 .74 .79 IN THOUSANDS OF 1967 6 TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME 140,908 196.096 277-423 384#634 5329019 TOTAL EARNINGS 115,394 158*380 2261562 321,233 45Z,?48 AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY & FISHERIES 21,346 22.347 26,276 34,020 45.401 AGRICULTURE 20,505 21.407 25.198 32.773 43,963 FORESTRY & FISHERIES (S) is) (5) (5) 15) MINING (D) (D) (D) (D) (0) NONMETALLIC. EXCEPT FUELS (D) (D) (D) (DI (0) CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION 3,412 5-291 89292 129597 189738 MANUFACTURING 16.326 24sO7O 359866 529140 75-659 FOOD 6 KINDRED PRODUCTS 10,307 15*398 23-204 34sl3l 50,407 APPAREL & OTHER FABRIC PRODUCTS (D) (D) (D) (0) (0) LUMBEK PRODUCTS & FURNITURE 1,269 1,550 1.964 2,486 3.Z22 PRINTING & PUBLISHING (D) (D) (D) (0) (0) CHEMICALS 6 ALLIED PRODUCTS is) (5) (5@ (5) (b) FABRICATED METALS & ORDNANCE (5) (5) is) (5) lb) ELECTRICAL MACHINERY & SUPPLIES is) is) is) (5) (b) MOTOR VEHICLES & EQUIPMENT (5) (5) is) (5) TRANS. EQUIP., EXCL. MTR. VEHS. (5) is) (5) (5) OTHER MANUFACTURING (D) (D) (D) (0) (0 TRANS.. COMM. & PUBLIC UTILITIES 5,179 6.372 8,147 10.340 139Z37 RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION is) (5) (5) (5) (5) TRUCKING & WAREHOUSING 1,169 1,516 2,023 2,670 3,540 OTHER TRANSPORTATION & SERVICES is) (5) (5) is) (b) COMMUNICATIONS (0) ID) (D) (D) (0) UTILITIES (ELEC.,GAS. SANITARY) (D) (D) (D) (D) (U) WHOLESALE & RETAIL TRADE 15.889 20.710 279963 37*044 489854 FINANCE, INSURANCE & REAL ESTATE (D) (D) (D) (0) (u) SERVICES 16.524 26,747 43-516 68,015 103,497 LODGING PLACES & PERSONAL SERV. 1.666 2,241 3.095 4#192 59655 BUSINESS REPAIR SERVICES 2,155 3.e37 6.656 10,847 169917 AMUSEMENT RECREATION SERVICES (5) is) is) (5) (5) PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS 1,294 1.458 1,676 19874 2.110 PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 11,132 18,783 31,431 50.114 77*375 GOVERNMENT 34,252 49,434 71,674 100.389 1389155 CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT 30.540 44,73a 65.705 92.813 128.494 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 15.066 20,gos 299301 39.291 51.129 STATE & LOCAL GOVERNMENT 15.454 23.750 36,404 53.522 779366 ARMED FORCES 3,713 4.696 5069 7,576 99661 DATA MAY NOT ADD TO HIGHER LEVEL TOTALS BECAUSE OF ROUNDING (D) DELETED TO AVOID DISCLOSURE OF CONFIDENTIAL DATA (5) TOO SMALL TO BE PROJECTED Appendix 3 221 TABLE 3-78 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC TRENDS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 17-4, DELAWARE NON-SMSA AREA, 1950-1969 L7-4 DELAWARE NON-SMSA AREA POPULATION, EMPLOYMENT, TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME AND EARNINGS BY SELECTED INDUSTRIES* SELECTED HISTORIC YEARS. 1950 1969 1950 1959 1962 1960 1969 POPULATION. JULY 1 100,115 137*200 1459945 1589943 1609ZSZ PER CAPITA INCOME (1967S) 2,296 20422 29582 3*330 39630 PER CAPITA INCOME RELATIVE (US21.00) 1.11 .99 1.00 1.00 1.06 TOTAL EMPLOYMENT 39ol69 53,871 EMPLOYMENT/POPULATION RATIO .39 .39 EARNINGS PER WORKER (1967S) 4.471 4,665 EARNING5,PER WORKER RELATIVEIU591.00) .99 .87 IN THOUSANDS OF 1967 S TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME 229.889 332,233 376.846 529.304 581,754 TOTAL EARNINGS 175,128 251,314 279.734 397,285 428,831 AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY & FISHERIES 52,224 40,281 43,903 37vI84 59,520 AGRICULTURE 51,4180 39.845 43959o 36,946 599351 FORESTRY & FISHERIES 744- 436 312 238 169 MINING (D) (D) (D) (D) lu) CRUDE PETROLEUM & NATURAL GAS 0 0 12 0 3 NONMETALLIC* EXCEPT FUELS to) (D) (D) (0) to) CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION 9.031 14.686 129441 179050 160590 MANUFACTURING 43,660 519153 67001 114t6O2 120.529 FOOD & KINDRED PRODUCTS 15,739 179234 179356 34071 379604 TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS (D) (D) (D) (D) (u) APPAREL & OTHER FABRIC PRODUCTS 8,328 10,552 14.339 159843 15032 LUMBER PRODUCTS 6 FURNITURE (D) (D) (D) (D) (u) PAPER 6 ALLIED PRODUCTS to) (D) (D) to) (U) PRINTING & PUBLISHING (D) to) to) (u) (0) CHEMICALS & ALLIED PRODUCTS (D) (D) to) (0) (u) PETROLEUM kEFINING to) (0) to) to) t0 PRIMARY METALS (D) (D) to) to) (u) FABRICATED METALS & ORDNANCE (D) (D) (D) to) (U) MACHINERY. EXCLUDING ELECTRICAL (D) (D) 10) 10 ELECTRICAL MACHINERY & SUPPLIES (D) (D) (D) (01 TOTAL MACHINERY IL950 ONLY) 1.108 ,MOTOR VEHICLES & EQUIPMENT 0 0 0 278 294 TRANS. EQUIP.. EXCL. MTR. VEHS. (0) (D) (D) (D) lu) OTHER MANUFACTURING (D) (D) (D) (D) (u) TRANS., COMM. & PUBLIC UTILITIES 9.373 18-425 15.991 189001 17-704 RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION 2.522 2,255 1-993 1,848 1.77e TRUCKING 6 WAREHOUSING 3,159 3,824 4,4ZO 6044 51-178 OTHER TRANSPORTATION 6 SERVICES 1.794 6.635 3.632 1.716 1.900 COMMUNICATIONS (D) (D) (D) (D) iu) UTILITIES iELEC.,GAS. SANITARY) (D) (D) (D) (D) (u) WHOLESALE & RETAIL TRADE 31.963 38.108 40.671 53#296 55,055 FINANCE, INSURANCE & REAL ESTATE (0) (D) (D) (D) (u) SERVICES 10,268 20.880 22.144 33,978 36,726 LODGING PLACES & PERSONAL SERV. 1,961 2.742 29973 4.933 49971 BUSINESS & REPAIR SERVICES 183 1*682 1.944 4,180 44502 AMUSEMENT 6 RECREATION SERVICES 541 716 1,008 2.271 2,653 PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS 3,038 4.778 4,976 3.842 3,720 PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 41544 10,963 11,244 189752 20082 GOVERNMENT 15,677 62,214 72,147 115,728 112,Z04 CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT 12,077 30.152 37,915 60,560 63.398 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 20934 11,315 13,461 199865 19041 STATE & LOCAL GOVERNMENT 9,144 18,837 24.455 40,695 44.056 ARMED FORCES 3,599 32,062 34,231 55,168 48005 DATA MAY NOT ADD TO HIGHER LEVEL TOTALS BECAUSE OF ROUNDING (0) OELETED TO AYOID DISCLOSURE OF CONFIDENTIAL DATA Appendix 3 222 TABLE 3-79 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC PROJECTIONS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 17-4, DELAWARE NON-SMSA AREA, 1980-2020, SERIES C 17-4 DELAWARE NON-SMSA AREA POPULATION, EMPLOYMENT. TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME AND EARNINGS BY SELECTED INDUSTRIES. SELECTED PROJECTED YEARS. 1980 2020 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 POPULATION. JULY 1 189,615 216,536 241.917 269*274 297079 PER CAPITA INCOME (19675) 4,552 5,909 7.978 10,524 13,825 PER CAPITA INCOME RELATIVE [email protected]) .96 .96 .96 .97 .97 TOTAL EMPLOYMENT 75,400 84,258 95,684 106,753 117.@$95 EMPLOYMENT/POPULATION RATIO .40 .39 .40 .40 .40 EARNINGS PER WORKER (1967S) 8,737 11,624 15,617 21.024 289f5l EARNINGS PER WORKER RELATIVE(US=1.00) .93 .96 .99 1.03 1.08 IN THOUcANDS OF 1967 S TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME 863,178 1.279,444 1,930,020 2,833,881 4,107062 TOTAL EARNINGS 658.771 979.402 1*494#335 2.244,380 3*3751@20 AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY & F15HERIES 42,076 43.394 51.087 66,409 899003 AGRICULTURE 41060 43,022 509639 65,864 58,352 FORESTRY & F15HERIES (5) (s) (5) (5) (5) MINING .(D) AD) AD) AD) (u) CRUDE PETROLEUM & NATURAL GA5 (s) (5) 15) (5) 00 NONMETALLIC, EXCEPT FUELS AD) AD) (0) AD) W) CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION 31.874 50.360 79,916 122,114 181093 MANUFACTURING 186,050 268,174 395,113 571.158 823,193 FOOD & KINDRED PRODUCTS 54.252 74,384 103,256 140,213 190,466 TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS AD) (D) AD) to) (u) APPAREL, & OTHER FABRIC PRODUCTS 23.280 30,833 41,85o 56,048 75#472 LUMBER PRODUCTS & FURNITURE AD) AD) (0) to) it)) PAPER 6 ALLIED PRODUCTS AD) (01 (01 (0) (0) PRINTING PUBLISHING AD) AD) AD) AD) (u) CHEMICALS ALLIED PRODUCTS AD.) AD) AD) AD) (0) PETROLEUM REFINING AD) AD) (D) (0) (0) PRIMARY METALS AD) (D) AD) to) (u) FABRICATED METALS A, ORDNANCE AD) AD) AD) AD) (1)) MACHINERY, EXCLUDING ELECTRICAL (0) AD) AD) to) (U) ELECTRICAL MACHINERY & SUPPLIES AD) (0) (01 AD) AD) MOTOR VEHICLES & EGUIPMENT (s) (5) (5) 0) . (5) TRANS. EGUIP., EXCL. MTR. VEHS. AD) AD) AD) to) (W OTHER MANUFACTURING AD) AD) AD) AD) (W TRANS., COMM. & PUBLIC UTILITIES 29,156 42.923 64.251 93,605 134,646 RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION 2.367 2.701 3vO(An 3.375 3,654 TRUCKING & WAREHOUSING 9,996 13,949 19,955 Z8,030, 39*197 OTHER TRANSPORTATION & SERVICES 3,283 5,292 8,457 12,904 19.131 COMMUNICAT.IONS AD) to) to) AD) (0) UTILITIES (ELEC.,GAS. SANITARY1 AD) AN AD) to) (u) WHOLESALE & RETAIL TRADE 103.365 162,631 2599365 400-139 607sI92 FINANCE, INSURANCE & REAL ESTATE AD) AD) AD) (0) (u) SERVICES 69.088 120,168 211.625 366,950 65Z,U36 LODGING PLACES & PERSONAL SERV. 8,491 13.165 20.574 31,063 469013 BUSINESS REPAIR SERVICES 10.575 22,162 48.302 107.336 2521855 AMUSEMENT RECREATION SERVICES 3#578 59389 St204 12067 17.396 PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS 5.588 7,212 9,241 11050 13057 PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 40,857 72,240 1259305 2059135 3229814 GOVERNMENT 184,840 273.360 405,002 582.530 8250655 CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT 117,425 183.926 2869635 427,072 6219437 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 36.830 56,522 85.88R 123.959 171091 STATE & LOCAL GOVERNMENT 80.595 127.404 200,75s 303,113 449,545 ARMED FORCES 67,415 899435 118.367 155*458 2049ZIB DATA MAY NOT ADD TO HIGHER LEVEL TOTALS BECAUSE OF ROUNDING (0) DELETED TO AVOID DISCLOSURE OF CONFIDENTIAL DATA (5) TOO SMALL TO BE PROJECTED Appendix 3 223 TABLE 3-80 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC TRENDS FOR ECONOMIC-AREA 17-5, RESIDUAL NON-SMSA AREA, 1950"1969 17-5 RESIDUAL NON.SMSA AREA POPULATION. EMPLOYMENT, TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME AND EARNINGS BY SELECTED INDUSTRIES. SELECTED HISTORIC YEARS. 1950 1969 L950 1959 1962 1968 1969 POPULATION, JULY 1 141,896 161,323 172,542 186,045 187#180 PER CAPITA INCOME (1967S) 1,791 2,419 2-524 3.656 3066 PER CAPITA INCOME RELATIVE ([email protected]) .87 .99 .98 1.10 1-10 TOTAL EMPLOYMENT 53,468 60.138 EMPLOYMENT/POPULATION RATIO 38 .37 EARNINGS PER WORKER (1967$1 31;23 5.374 EARNINGS PER WORKER RELATIVE(US-1.00) .87 1.00 IN THOUSANDS OF 1967 S TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME 254.077 390,293 435,491 680,200 704,901 TOTAL EARNINGS 209,732 323.207 348,385 517,588 536092 AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY & FISHERIES 22,988 L9,531 16,187 209868 Z3,416 AGRICULTURE 22,872 19.466 16.158 20,814 23,399 FORESTRY & FISHERIES 116 65 3o 54 is MINING 291 443 502 454 309 COAL 0 0 0 Z3 '15 CRUDE PETROLEUM & NATURAL GAS (D) (D) (D) (D) (I)) NONMETALLIC, EXCEPT FUELS (D) (D) (0) (0) (u) CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION 11,154 16,323 180963 26.689 309077 MANUFACTURING 64,423 10L,814 96,791 146,285 149#467 FOOD & KINDRED PRODUCTS (D) (0) (0) (0) (u@ TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS 10,655 7.135 2,626 39421 31605 APPAREL 6 OTHER FABRIC PRODUCTS 5,951 7,886 9,819 13,261 I3*kO3 LUMBER PRODUCTS & FURNITURE 3.406 5,23o 4.357 5,009 5.254 PAPER & ALLIED PRODUCTS (D) (D) (D) (D) W) PRINTING & PUBLISHING (D) (D) (D) ID) (u) CHEMICALS & ALLIED PRODUCTS (D) ID) (D) (u) iU) PETROLEUM REFINING iD) (W (D) (D) lu) PRIMARY METALS (D) (D) (D) (0) (u) FABRICATED METALS 6 ORDNANCE (D) ID) (D) (0) (u) MACHINERY- EXCLUDING ELECTRICAL (D) (D) (D) (0 ELECTRICAL MACHINERY & SUPPLIES (D) (D) (1)) (0) TOTAL MACHINERY (1950 ONLY) 7.750 MOTOR VEHICLES 6 EQUIPMENT 0 0 17,464 34o853 39,110 TRANS. EQUIP.. EXCL. MTR. VEHS. 13,506 39,432 17,70o 34,641 98.647 OTHER MANUFACTURING 13.852 19,426 17.78o 209086 21.080 TRANS., COMM. & PUBLIC UTILITIES 27.699 31,501 33.51o 36.873 38.086 RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION 18.992 20,145 18.41a 13027 13#563 TRUCKING & WAREHOU51NG 1,359 4,018 4.70a 7,Z66 7*601 OTHER TRANSPORTATION & SERVICES 435 685 767 1,244 1.459 COMMUNICATIONS (D) (D) (D) (D) (U) UTILITIES IELEC.,GAS, SANITARY) (D) (D) (0) (0) (U) WHOLESALE & RETAIL TRADE 34,002 45,852 48,379 659488 689LOO FINANCE. INSURANCE & REAL ESTATE 4.500 8.382 7,782 119013 119299 SERVICES 219575 32.737 419164 62.235 63,626 LODGING PLACES & PERSONAL SERV. 3,956 4,451 4.933. 6,561 69368 BUSINESS & REPAIR SERVICES 1,894 -2.599 4*155 81998 8,590 AMUSEMENT 6 RECREATION SERVICES 749 838 11184 1.537 1042 PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS 41070 3.380 3.422 29586 Z,504 PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 109906 21#468 279469 42,553 449822 GOVERNMENT@ [email protected] 66.624 85,048 147,682 151,931 CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT 21.652 589335 741004 133t661 1389280 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 9,084 28.033 35.376 659853 669391 STATE & LOCAL GOVERNMENT 12,568 309302 38,62a 67*809 71*880 ARMED FORCES 1.447 $1290 119043 14,021 139651 DATA MAY NOT ADD TO HIGHER LEVEL TOTALS BECAUSE OF ROUNDING (W DELETED TO AVOID DISCLOSURE OF CONFIDENTIAL DATA Appendix 3 Z&V 224 TABLE 3-81 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC PROJECTIONS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 17-5,' RESIDUAL NON-SMSA AREA, 1980-2020, SERIES C 17-5 RESIDUAL NON-SMSA AREA POPULATION, EMPLOYMENT TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME AND EARNINGS By SELECTED INUUSTRIES. SELECTE; PROJECTED YEARS. 1980 2020 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 POPULATION, JULY 1 229,689 274.787 318.964 366.189 413#454 PER CAPITA INCOME (1967S) 59082 6,485 8,644 119284 14018 PER CAPITA INCOME RELATIVE (US-1.00) 1.07 1.05 1.04 1.04 1.03 TOTAL EMPLOYMENT 96,593 111,322 1309115 148*743 166001 EMPLOYMENT/POPULAT10N RATIO .42 .41 .41 .41 .40 EARNINGS PER WORKER 11967S) 9,478 12.512 169526 21,640 289398 EARNINGS PER WORKER RELATIVE(USzl.oo) 1.01 1.03 1.05 1.06 1.07 IN THOUSANDS OF 1967 S TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME 1,167.321 1,782,076 2.757,269 4,131,903 6,085.Z19 TOTAL EARNINGS 915,513 19392,865 2,150.222 3.218,742 4,736,763 AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY & FISHERIES 22,569 24.032 28.287 36,790 49,348 AGRICULTURE 22,560 24,o22 36,777 499334 FORESTRY & FISHERIES IS) is) (5) IS) (5) MINING IS) 15) (5) (5) (b) COAL (5) (5) IS) (5) (b) CRUDE PETROLEUM & NATURAL GAS (D) (D) (D) (D) (U) NONMETALLIC- EXCEPT FUELS (D) (D) (D) tD) (u) CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION 48,708 79,657 131.011 207,800 32L9946 MANUFACTURING 238.566 337.046 489,891 701,201 1,003,499 FOOD G KINDRED PRODUCTS (D) (D) (D) (D) (I)) TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS 3,632 3,813 4,161 4,617 59243 APPAREL & OTHER FABRIC PRODUCTS 20,742 28.360 39,46o 53,855 73.524 LUMBER PRODUCTS & FURNITURE 7.545 LO.036 13,724 18,559 259411 PAPER & ALLIED PRODUCTS (D) (D) (D) (0) IV) PRINTING PUBLISHING (D) (D) (D) ID) (U) CHEMICALS ALLIED PRODUCTS (0) (D) (D) ID) (I)) PETROLEUM REFINING iD) (D@ (D) (D) IV) PRIMARY METALS (D) (D) (D) (D) (0) FABRICATED METALS & ORDNANCE (0) (D) (D) (D) IV) MACHINERY- EXCLUUING ELECTRICAL (D) (D) io) (D) IV) ELECTRICAL MACHINERY & SUPPLIES (D) (D) (D) (D) (0) MOTOR VEHICLES 6 EQUIPMENT 66,341 98,549 149.47Q 222,006 328.550 TRANS. EQUIP.. EXCL. MTR. VEHS. 52,14b 69,816 96,465 1319582 179,925 OTHER MANUFACTURING 29,094 37.412 50054 66,404 889695 TRANS., COMM. & PUBLIC UTILITIES 5Z'.738 70.277 97.020 132.667 182007 RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION 16.027 169755 17,643 17,988 18.Z07 TRUCKING & WAREHOUSING 11,841 179452 Zbol4q 38*132 54*073 OTHER TRANSPORTATION & SERVICES 2.355 3,743 5#924 8,976 13,d53 COMMUNICATIONS (D) (D) (D) (D) (0) UTILITIES (E,LEC..GAS, SANITARY) ID) (D) (D) (0) (1)) WHOLESALE & RETAIL TRADE 117.106 178,265 276,011 414,441 6139365 FINANCE, INSURANCE REAL ESTATE 20,270 31,169 48,517 73,278 1099121 SERVICES 123,139 201.968 330,725 517,904 787.546 LODGING PLACES & PERSONAL SERV. LO,229 14,406 20,737 29.182 40,720 BU51NESS 6 REPAIR SERVICES 17,409 28.390 46.118 719576 1079848 AMUSEMENT & RECREATION SERVICES 2.488 3.685 5.535 8.058 11029 PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS 3,262 3,639 4,131 4,592 5,130 PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 89,750 151,847 254,204 404,496 622,319 GOVERNMENT Z91,909 469.880 748.08FI 1,1339867 1,668.450 CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT 274,062 445.849 715,857 1,091,125 1,611.b92 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 12814-34 202.774 314,969 462.104 648.435 STATE & LOCAL GOVERNMENT 145,630 243.055 400,888 629.021 963,457 ARMED FORCES 17.848 24,051 32,231 42,743 56058 DATA MAY NOT ADD TO HIGHER LEVEL TOTALS BECAUSE OF ROUNDING (D) DELETED TO AVOID DISCLOSURE OF CONFIDENTIAL DATA (5) 700 SMALL TO BE PROJECTED Appendix 3 .225 THE WASHINGTON ECONOMIC AREA The Washington, D. C. -Maryland -Virginia Economic Area (18) consists of one SMSA Estuary subsegment, two non-SMSA Estuary subsegments, and one non-SMSA non-Estuary subseg- ment. The county compositions of the four Washington sub- segments are shown in Table 3-82 as well as Figure 3-25. Economic and demographic projections for the economic area as a whole and for its four subsegments, together with the historical data upon which the projections are based, are pre- sented in Tables 3-83 to 3-92. THE RICHMOND ECONOMIC AREA The Richmond, Virginia Economic Area (21) consists of the combined Richmond, Virginia, and Petersburg -Colonial Heights, Virginia, SMSA's, located in the Estuary Area, as well as one non-SMSA Estuary subsegment and one non-SMSA non-Estuary subsegment. The county. c ompo sitions of the three Richmond subsegments are shown in Table 3-93 and Figure 3-26. Economic and demographic projections for the economic area as a whole and for its three subsegments, together with the historical data upon which the projections are based, are presented in Tables 3 -94 to 3-101. In addition to permit recon- ciliation with State planning regions, projections of population and total personal income for Greensville, Goochland, Pow- hatan, and Sussex Counties are also shown in Table 3-101. THE NORFOLK-PORTSMOUTH ECONOMIC AREA The Norfolk- Portsmouth, Virginia Economic Area (22) consists of two SMSA Estuary subsegments, one non-SMSA Estuary sub- segment and one non-SMSA non-Estuary subsegment. The county compositions of the four Norfolk -Portsmouth subseg- ments are shown in Table 3-102 and in Figure 3-27. Economic and demographic projections for the economic area as a whole and for its four subsegments, together with the historical data upon which the projections are based, are presented in Tables 3-103 to 3-112. Appendix 3 226 TABLE 3-82 SUB-SEGMENT AND COUNTY BREAKDOWN FOR ECONOMIC AREA 18C - WASHINGTON, D.C.-MD.-VA. 18-1 Washington, D.C.-Md.-Va. SMSA* Montgomery, Maryland Prince Georges, Maryland District of Columbia Arlington and Alexandria, Virginia Fairfax County, Fairfax City, Falls Church, Virginia Loudoun, Virginia Prince William, Virginia 18-2 Non-SMSA Area, Maryland Charles, Maryland St. Marys, Maryland Calvert, Maryland 18-3 Non-SMSA Area, Virginia King George, Virginia Stafford, Virginia Spotsylvania-Fredericksburg, Virginia 18-4 Residual Non-SMSA Area Culpeper, Virginia Fauquier, Virginia Rappahannock, Virginia *Included in Estuary Area as defined. Appendix 3 227 OUTICA ALBANY* C.Ill @d NorWICK C. ..... . L OBINGHAM:12N T!... S RANTON LlAMSPPRT9 LKE BARRE* IL U UDSBURG 'd PUNXSUTAWNEY @ d., , "h. fflim i- '611h gel I ALTOO H R ftf LANCASTE Ch"t" SOMERSET 0 WN'd F I.. YORK ........ PA Lm T my rMD WWI' .4/ BA IM 0 CLARKSBURG - INCHESTE mo E HAR ONBU T., A-U'@ N T -km b:j;@hM I HM NC d" %@l h,' Hold AOA OKEW 't-pbIll h... Fl,d wl D NVK.L@y",.,i- MURFEESS. C WASHINGTON ECONOMIC AREA (181 Washington, D,C. - Md. - Va. SMSA* Non-SMSA Area, Maryland* Non-SMSA Area, Virginia* Residual Non-SMSA Area Included in Estuary Area as defined R" FIGURE 3-25 Appendix 3 228 TABLE 3-83 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC TRENDS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 18, WASHINGTON, D.C.-MD.-VA., 1950-1969 ECONOMIC AREA 18 WASHINGTON. D .C.-MARYLAND-VIRGINIA POPULATION, EMPLOYMENT, TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME AND EARNING.% By SELECTED INDUSTRIES, SELECTED HISTORIC YEARS. 1950 1969 1950 1959 1962 1968 1969 POPULATION, JULY 1 1,661,277 2.245.420 29415,039 2.974*545 3,035067 PER CAPITA INCOME (1967S) 29667 2.a75 3,137 3.830 39951 PER CAPITA INCOME RELATIVE iUszl.00) 1.29 I.IB 1.21 L.15 1.15 TOTAL EMPLOYMENT 738,119 944.211 EMPLOYMENT/POPULATION RATIO .44 .42 EARNINGS PER WORKER (1967S) 4.894 59671 EARNINGS PER WORKER RELATIVEiUS=1.00) 1.09 1.06 IN THOUSANDS OF 1967 S TOTAL PER50NAL INCOME 4,429,871 6,455,754 795749836 11,3939470 11,9939698 TOTAL EARNINGS 3,612,252 5,354,992 b,290.197 9.544,19L L0.097088 AGRICULTURE. FORESTRY & FISHERIES 80,236 58.664 65,882 65,613 709791 AGRICULTURE 66.807 44,003 48.556 43*733 47*209 FORESTFky & FISHERIES 13,426 14.66o 17,327 21.879 239581 MINING 2,880 6,416 89668 11,753 LIvV67 METAL (D) (D) (0) (D) (D) COAL 0 0 0 8 2 CRUDE PETROLEUM & NATURAL GAS (D) (D) (D) (D) (u) NONMETALLIC, EXCEPT FUELS 2,848 6.085 8-216 11,121 11083 CONTRACT CON57RUCTION tD) tD), (D) 4DI (u) MANUFACTURING 165.191 2649739 3109116 4219805 4389445 FOOD 6 KINDRED PRODUCTS 39,216 559045 589491 669079 63,84Q TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS 0 0 72 15 5 APPAREL & OTHER FABRIC PRODUCTS 2,786 2,879 4,841 6s9OO 7.759 LUMBER PRODUCTS & FURNITURE 9,152 10,360 109259 159472 L61323 PAPER & ALLIED PRODUCTS 4,024 5,499 7,638 29865 31696 PRINTING PUBLISHING 69.127 89.623 104-953 157.620 166,320 CHEMICALS ALLIED PRODUCTS 13,453 24.216 249229 24.962 24,666 PETROLEUM REFINING 711 623 ItO20 19372 19557 PRIMARY METALS 1.620 1,303 1,455 2,543 Zs267 FABRICATED METALS & ORDNANCE 4,743 15.705 15$926 24,557 26,477 MACHINERY, EXCLUDING ELECTRICAL 109320 11.424 l5o451 17.ZZ4 ELECTRICAL MACHINERY & SUPPLIES 159719 239381 53086 52,007 TOTAL MACHINERY (1950 ONLY) 4,644 MOTOR VEHICLES & EQUIPMENT 0 98 19643 39230 2.604 TRANS. EQUIP., EXCL. MTR. VEHS. 6,804 12.489 16-526 10,675 12.uoo OTHER MANUFACTURING 8,909 20.859 289258 36,680 419221 TRANS., COMM. 6 PUBLIC UTILITIES 241,790 343,346 363,039 528973!) 552,920 RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION 579219 47.040 45-297 38,861 389896 TRUCKING & WAREHOUSING 21,418 27,034 34,719 55.672 60,029 OTHERTRANSPORTATION & SERVICES 709078 133.256 122,934 1691058 173.423 COMMUNICATIONS 599718 $3.973 102,267 L83,503 195.969 UTILITIES (ELEC..GAS, SANITARY) 33.3&1 529046 57,821 81,642 84,603 WHOLESALE & RETAIL TRADE 593,358 777,576 902-115 1,336,869 1*4019255 FINANCE. INSURANCE & REAL ESTATE 1449965 244.833 Zel.266 454,292 4759364 SERVICES 5Z6,39Z 882.110 L,160.443 1,07,373 2.074030 LODGING PLACES & PERSONAL SERV. 83.989 113,276 129,767 180.260 184.727 BUSINESS REPAIR SERVICES 38,885 164.311 223.129 478,312 543092 AMUSEMENT RECREATION SERVICES 21,021 33,102 38,450 519999 52s790 PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS 99,365 1079124 1089546 98.927 95.786 PROFE55IONAL SERVICES 283.135 464.299 660-556 1.107,877 1.197.137 GOVERNMENT 1.610.58L 2,422.154 2,765.782 4,246.765 4.452,817 CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT L,318.819 19994.316 2,379.644 39556.882 3.733,970 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 1,194,528 L,723,805 2,029.716 2,802,006 2,9069516 STATE & LOCAL GOVERNMENT 124.293 270,511 3499929 754,876 827.454 ARMED FORCES 291,763 4279839 386,139 689,882 718047 DATA MAY NOT ADD TO HIGHER LEVEL TOTALS BECAUSE OF ROUNDING (D) DELETED To AVOID DISCLOSURE OF CONFIDENTIAL DATA Appendix 3 229 TABLE 3-84 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC PROJECTIONS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 18, WASHINGTON, D.C.-ND.-VA., 1980-2020, SERIES C ECONOMIC AREA 18 WASHING TON, D .C.-MARYLAND-VIRGINIA POPULATION, EMPLOYMENT. TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME AND EARNINGS BY SELECTED INUUSTRIE5, SELECTED PROJECTED YEARS, 1980 2020 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 POPULATION, JULY 1 3,750,493 4,559.747 5,30.831 6,370,529 7$490,355 PER CAPITA INCOME (1967SI 5,622 7.161 9,50o 12,218 15,573 PER CAPITA INCOME RELATIVE ([email protected]) 1.18 1.16 1.15 1.12 1.09 TOTAL EMPLOYMENT 11658.848 1.959,591 21360.246 21790.954 3,255.553 EMPLOYMENT/POPULATION RATIO .44 .43 .44 .44 .43 EARNINGS PER WORKER (1967S) 10.220 13,223 17,002 21,657 Z7093 EARNINGS PER WORKER RELATIVE(US=1.00) 1.09 1.09 1.08 1.06 1.04 IN THOUsANDS OF 1967 5 TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME 21.086,351 32.654.585 51,163,494 77,838.116 L16,650,371 TOTAL EARNINGS . 16,953,266 25.911.057 40,128,721 60,444,99Z 09,831,564 AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY & F15HERIES 90,127 109,665 141,299 189,848 254o953 AGRICULTURE 49,787 53.691 63.200 829201 110.266 FORESTRY 6 FISHERIES 40,340 55,974 78,099 107,647 144.688 MINING 18.735 26.075 37,379 52.723 759118 METAL (D) (D) (D) (D) i0 COAL (5) (5) (5) (5) (b) CRUDE PETROLEUM 6 NATURAL GAS (D) (0) (D) (D) (W) NONMETALLIC. EXCEPT FUELS 17,979 25.144 36,226 519349 739482 CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION (D) (D) (D) (D) (U) MANUFACTURING 716.216 1.077.294 1,655.355 2,492.792 3.7419335 FOOD & KINDRED PRODUCTS 97.291 134,103 189*800 2619444 3589160 TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS IS) (5) (S) ($1 (5) APPAREL 6 OTHER FABRIC PRODUCTS 11.858 16.498 23.304 32,484 45,945 LUMBER PRODUCTS & FURNITURE 24,280 33,134 46.343 63.982 899340 PAPER & ALLIED PRODUCTS 5,333 7.179 10,271 14,185 199921 PRINTING PUBLISHING 263.167 386,005 574,640 835,320 1,204,389 CHEMICALS ALLIED PRODUCTS 37.689 53,13t, 769879 109.407 1559497 PETROLEUM REFINING 2,313 3.257 4,598 6,361 8,909 PRIMARY METALS 3,409 4.592 6.271 89688 L19656 FABRICATED METALS G ORDNANCE 46,650 73,93o 118.241 184,850 286vZ51 MACHINERY, EXCLUUING ELECTRICAL 27,253 40,834 62.113 92.893 138*489 ELECTRICAL MACHINERY & SUPPLIES 103,900 184,023 325,749 554,253 926,856 MOTOR VEHICLES & EQUIPMENT 3.528 5.127 7.652 11.684 179170 TRANS. EQUIP., EXCL. MTR. VEHS. 19,019 26.220 37,151 51.817 72,977 OTHER MANUFACTURING 70,526 109.257 172.342 265,423 4069477 TRANS., COMM. & PUBLIC UTILITIES 885.269 1.318,41a 2,002,005 2.976.125 4,393.744 RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION 53.810 66,783 83-394 98.734 115.892 TRUCKING & WAREHOUSING 102.040 162,980 262,912 416,650 649.255 OTHER TRANSPORTATION & SERVICES 278,509 409.590 612,713 894.687 1.294,325 COMMUNICATIONS 315.104 477,021 7379562 1,114,865 1,671,557 UTILITIES (ELEC-GAS, SANITARY) 135,806 202.043 305.424 451.189 662.116 WHOLESALE & RETAIL TRADE 2.471.379 3.853060 6,092.001 9,339-901 14,107.383 FINANCE, INSURANCE & REAL ESTATE 805,633 1,230.658 1,903.658 2,863.40 4,2539563 SERVICES 3.852.348 6.398,643 10,675.123 17tl7l.991 27.036.307 LODGING PLACES & PERSONAL SERV. 307,596 461,639 710.267 1.072,356 1,611071 BUSINESS & REPAIR SERVICES 978,787 1.652,021 2,793.587 4,544.907 7,2269253 AMUSEMENT & RECREATION SERVICES 90.409 136,083 Z07.717 307096 4499919 PRIVATE@'HOUSEHOLDS 133,322 163,562 2019933 241s664 289*905 PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 2.342.234 3,985,336 69761,719 11,0050068 17,458,559 GOVERNMENT 7.103.413 10.354,037 15.234.316 21.765.031 30,659.467 CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT 6.221,055 99209,227 13.746.887 19,840.253 289t52017 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 4,486,930 6,187.919 8.566.872 11.399.537 14,7349956 STATE & LOCAL GOVERNMENT 1.734,125 3,021.308 5,180.015 8*440017 13,4179059 ARMED FORCES 882.358 1.144.809 1,487s429 1,924,7TO 2,5009450 DATA MAY NOT ADD TO HIGHER LEVEL TOTALS BECAUSE OF ROUNDING ID) DELETED TO AVOID DISCLOSURE OF CONFIDENTIAL DATA (5) TOO SMALL TO BE PROJECTED Appendix 3 230 TABLE 3-85 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC TRENDS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 18-1, WASHINGTON, D.C.-MD.-VA. SMSA, 1950-1969 18-1 WASHINGTON. D.C.-MARYLAND-VIRGINIA SMSA POPULATIONv EMPLOYMENT, TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME AND EARNINGS BY SELECTED INDUSTRIES, SELECTED HISTORIC YEARS, 1950 1969 1950 1959 1962 1968 1969 POPULATION, JULY 1 1.513,121 2.063.371 2,217.818 2.750.782 2.808.703 PER CAPITA INCOME (1967S) 2.7s5 2,969 3.238 3.914 4.037 PER CAPITA INCOME RELATIVE iUScl.00) 1.35 1.22 1.25 1. Is I. to TOTAL EMPLOYMENT 683.252 878-680 EMPLOYMENT/POPULATION RATIO .45 .43 EARNINGS PER WORKER i1967S) 5,023 5.785 EARNINGS PER WORKER RELATIVE(U5=1.00) 1.12 1.08 IN THOUSANDS OF 1967 S TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME 4.213,883 6,125,531 7sI80,720 10,765,567 11,339t(24 TOTAL EARNINGS 3.432,121 5,082,741 5,974,046 9.071,889 9,609,175 AGRICULTURE. FORESTRY & F15HERIES 48,574 34,167 37s386 4b%47t 50,ZZ2 AGRICULTURE 36,660 20,556 20,811 24,919 26.831 FORESTRY & FISHERIES 11,913 13.612 16.575 21,552 23,391 MINING 2.719 79608 119177 IL.342 METAL (D) AD) AD) AD) (U) COAL (D) (D) AD) AD) .(0) CRUDE PETROLEUM 6 NATURAL GAS AD) AD) AD) AD) (0) NONMETALLIC, EXCEPT FUELS 2.687 5,514 7.17() 109558 109167 CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION AD) AD) AD) AD) (u) MANUFACTURING 144,312 234.720 2759563 380,971 395,007 FOOD 6 KINDRED PRODUCTS 36,948 50,942 54062 60,235 579609 TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS AD) AD) AD) AD) (0) APPAREL & OTHER FABRIC PRODUCTS AD) AD) AD) AD) W) LUMBER PROUUCTS & FURNITURE 59943 5.656 6,364 89901 89697 PAPER 6 ALLIED PRODUCTS 4.024 5,499 7s639 29865 39096 PRINTING 6 PUBLISHING 60,551 asse6o 104%059 156.172 L64*613 CHEMICALS & ALLIED PRODUCTS AD) AD? AD) AD) 40) PETROLEUM REFINING 711 623 1.02o 19372 1.557 PRIMARY METALS AD) AD) AD) (D) 4u) FABRICATED METALS & ORDNANCE AD) AD) AD) AD) 4u) MACHINERY, EXCLUUING ELECTRICAL AD) AD) AD) (U) ELECTRICAL MACHINERY & SUPPLIES AD) AD) A D) t 0) TOTAL MACHINERY (1950 ONLY) 4,644 MOTOR VEHICLES & EQUIPMENT 0 98 639 19710 19606 TRANS. EQUIP.. EXCL. MTR. VEH5. AD) (0) AD) AD) (u) OTHER MANUFACTURING 71876 19,849 26.956 33,6Z7 37,796 TRANS., COMM. & PUBLIC UTILITIES 236,912 335,940 352,98R 513,04Z 536,522 RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION AD) AD) AD) AD) (0) TRUCKING & WAREHOUSING 20.816 25,704 329718 51,70Z 55,125 OTHER TRANSPORTATION & SERVICES AD) AD) (D@ AD) (U) COMMUNICATIONS 58,347 81.116 98.915 177,940 190,208 UTILITIES iELEC.,GAS, SANITARY) AD) AD) (0) (D@ (0) WHOLESALE & RETAIL TRADE 568,112 739.696 858.169 19276.821 1.339,642 FINANCE, INSURANCE 6 REAL ESTATE (D) AD) (D) AD) AV) SERVICES 511,791 857,891 19129,716 1,869,707 2,025,918 LODGING PLACES 6 PERSONAL SERV. 81.067 109%852 IZ5%67o 172009 176,774 BUSINESS 6 REPAIR SERVICES 38.291 163,193 220.942 472,157 537,633 AMUSEMENT 6 RECREATION SERVICES 19,595 3L,619 36,198 49,140 50*405 PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS 94,198 99.691 1009706 91,703 889795 PROFE55IONAL SERVICES 278.143 453.537 646.006 1,0839999 1,17ZO12 GOVERNMENT 1,537.733 2,292.764 29bl7,067 3,991,425 4.1861tso CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT 1.279.814 1.908,377 2.270.850 3,3669259 31532,704 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 19168#962 lt667*831 1,958t2OO 296719395 2*7719615 STATE & LOCAL GOVERNMENT 110,854 240,545 312s649 694,064 761,069 ARMED FORCES 2579920 384.389 346s2la 625sI65 653,475 DATA MAY NOT ADD TO HIGHER LEVEL TOTAL$ BECAUSE OF ROUNDING AD) DELETED TO AVOID DISCLOSURE OF CONFIDENTIAL DATA Appendix 3 231 TABLE 3-86 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC PROJECTIONS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 18-1, WASHINGTON, D.C.-ND.-VA. SMSA, 1980-2020, SERIES C 18-1 WASHINGTON, D.C.-MARYLAND-VIRGINIA SMSA POPULATION. EMPLOYMENT, TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME AND EARNINGS BY SELECTED INDUSTRIES, SELECTED PROJECTED YEARS. 1980 2020 1980 1990 2000' 2010 2020 POPULATIONs JULY 1 3.479;079 4.2337,002 50003*100 59920;956 6,964,315 PER CAPITA INCOME (1967s) 5,-ize 7,272 9,619 12044 15,706 PER CAPITA INCOME RELATIVE (US=1.00) 1.20 1.1a 1.16 1.13 1.10 TOTAL EMPLOYMENT 115"6-171 1,826.212 2,199.208 296009153 3,032,746 EMPLOYMENT/POPULATION RATIO .44 .43 .44 .44 .44 EARNINGS PER WORKER (1967$) 10,363 13,368 17.151 21,814 279765 EARNINGS PER WORKER RELATIVE(US21.00) 1.10 1.10 1.08 1.07 1.05 IN THOUSANDS OF 1967 $ TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME 19.929.065 30,783.635 48,126.348 73,086,866 109,378,913 TOTAL EARNINGS 16,022.357 24,412.295, 37,718.972 56.719,633 $4.205.227 AGRICULTURE9 FORESTRY & FISHERIES 67.825 86.108 113.286 153.261 2050154 AGRICULTURE 28.372 31.373 36,930 489032 64.430 FORESTRY FISHERIES 39,453 54,735 76.357 1059230 1419425 MINING 17.403 23.997 34.103 47,7Z4 67,507 METAL (0) (D) (D) (D) (U) COAL (D) (D) ID) (D) (ul CRUDE PETROLEUM & NATURAL GAS (D) (D) (D) (0) (Q) NONMETALLIC, EXCEPT FUELS 16,671 23,084 3Z,970 46,374 65.899 CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION (D) (D) (D) 10) (0) MANUFACTURING 650,072 981,069 19512,168 29283.154 3,435,460 FOOD & kINDRED PRODUCTS 87,594 119,831 168,408 230,444 313055 TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS (D) (D) (D) 4D) (U) APPAREL 6 OTHER FABRIC PRODUCTS (D) (D) (D) (D) tu) LUMBER PRODUCTS & FURNITURE 13,459 17,921 24,548 33,319 45.928 PAPER & ALLIED PRODUCTS 5.333 7,179 10,271 14*185 199921 PRINTING PUBLISHING 260.639 382.109 568,580 826.166 1,190,102 CHEMICALS ALLIED PRODUCTS (D) (DI (D) (D) (0) PETROLEUM REFINING 2.313 3,257 4,598 6061 81909 PRIMARY METALS (0) (D) (D) (D) (u) FABRICATED METALS 6 ORDNANCE (D) (D) (D) (D) (u) MACHINERY. EXCLUDING ELECTRICAL (D) (D) (D) (D) (u) ELECTRICAL MACHINERY & SUPPLIES (D) (D) (D) (D) (u) MOTOR VEHICLES 6 EQUIPMENT 1,168 1.610 Z.294 3,368 4097 TRANS. EQUIP.. EXCL. MTR. VEHS. (D) (D) (D) (D) (U)@ OTHER MANUFACTURING 63,160 96.360 150,017 2289561 347,131 TRANS.. COMM. 6 PUBLIC UTILITIES 853,308 1,265.136 1.913.27o 2.833,59@ 4,170,080 RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION (D@ (0) (D) (D) (P) TRUCKING & WAREHOUSING 92.957 146,619 233,992 367,545 568078 OTHER TRANSPORTATION & SERVICES (D) (D) (D) (D) (u) COMMUNICATIONS 303.824 458.621 7079367 1,0679024 1,597.Z48 UTILITIES (ELEC..GAS. SANITARY) (D) (D) (D) (D) ju) WHOLESALE & RETAIL TRADE 2,350,921 3,660.720 5.780.865 8.852.127 13,355,Z26 FINANCE, INSURANCE & REAL ESTATE (D) (D) (D) (D) (U@ SERVICES 3,752,864 6,226,622 10.376.155 16,670,591 26.212,561 LODGING PLACES & PERSONAL SERV. 294,480 439,830 673t7Z7 1.0139138 1.517008 BUSINESS & REPAIR SERVICES 970.745 1.639.591 2,774.053 4,515,133 7,181016 AMUSEMENT 6 RECREATION SERVICES 85,436 1280603 196*292 291,U45 425,186 PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS 121,021 146.845 179,46s 213.174 254055 PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 2.281.182 3,871.753 6.552,59s 10,638,101 16,834,495 GOVERNMENT 6,569,225 9,481,433 13.635,935 19,636.168 27,513.074 CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT 5,764,545@ 8,437,416 12.479.464 17,880,855 25.232094 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 4,198,484 5,718,739 7.833,523 10,332,987 13,267,046 STATE 6 LOCAL GOVERNMENT 1.566,060 2,718,677 4.645,947 7,547,868 11,965049 ARMED FORCES 804,681 1,044,017 1,356,471 1,755,313 2,28O,Z79 DATA MAY NOT AUD TO HIGHER LEVEL TOTALS BECAUSE OF ROUNDING (D) DELETED TO AVOID UL5CLOSURE OF CONFIDENTIAL DATA Appendix 3 232 TABLE 3-87 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC TRENDS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 18-2, MARYLAND NON-SMSA AREA, 1950-1969 18-2 MARYLAND NON-SMSA AREA POPULATION, EMPLOYMENT, TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME AND EARNINGS BY SELECTED INOUSTRIESs SELECTED HISTORIC YEARS, 1950 1969 1950 1959 1962 1968 1969 POPULATION. JULY 1 64 957 86:337 96:372 111,837 113,033 PER CAPITA INCOME (1967S) 1:622 2 017 2 166 3,118 3,183 PER CAPITA INCOME RELATIVE (US21.00) .79 .83 .84 .94 .93 TOTAL EMPLOYMENT 24,350 30,567 EMPLOYMENT/POPULATION RATIO .37 .35 EARNINGS PER WORKER (1967S) 3,718 4,871 EARNINGS PER WORKER RELATIVE(US=1.00) .83 .91 IN THOUSANDS OF 1967 S TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME 105,352 1740131 2089726 348#698 362.332 TOTAL EARNINGS 90,531 148,893 17Z*564 2689187 277020 AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY 6 FISHERIES 15,760 11,740 149113 109146 119491 AGRICULTURE 14,484 100905 139507 99882 119361 FORESTRY & FISHERIES 1,275 835 607 263 130 MINING (D) (D) (D) (0) 10) METAL 0 11 L4 0 0 CRUDE PETROLEUM & NATURAL GAS (D) (D) (D) (0) (u) NONMETALLICs EXCEPT FUELS (D) (D) ID) (V) (0) CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION 3.250 5-235 5*866 99787 109792 MAN UFACTURING 3,250 5,881 5,722 6,399 6,904 FOOD & KINDRED PRODUCTS 10) (D) (D) (D) W) APPAREL & OTHER FABRIC PRODUCTS 0 0 112 0 0 LUMBER PROUUCTS & FURNITURE 1,20 2,124 19384 19955 29051 PRINTING & PUBLISHING (D) (D) ID), (0) (0) CHEMICALS & ALLIED PRODUCTS 0 0 0 0 is FABRICATED METALS & ORDNANCE 0 0 0 11 9 ELECTRICAL MACHINERY 6 SUPPLIES (D) 4D) (0) (0) TOTAL MACHINERY (1950 ONLY@ D) MOTOR VEHICLES 6 EQUIPMENT 0 0 0 22 22 TRANS. EQUIP.. EXCL. MTR. VEHS. (D) (D) (D) (D) (u) OTHER MANUFACTURING 40 169 242 393 @40 TRANS., COM@. 6 PUBLIC UTILITIES 1,255 2,909 3*991 7.573 7014 RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION (D) (D) (0) (D) (01 TRUCKING & WAREHOUSING 4D) (D? (D) (D) (0) OTHER TRANSPORTATION & SERVICES (D) W) (D) (D) W) COMMUNICATIONS (u) ID) (D) (D) IV) UTILITIES (ELEC..GAS, SANITARY) (D) (D) (D) (D) (0) WHOLESALE & RETAIL TRADE 10.474 18.917 22-22o 29.679 29,646 FINANCE. INSURANCE 6 REAL ESTATE (D) (D) (D) (D) (0) SERVICES 5.976 10.886 l4o576 239236 22,t8l LODGING PLACES 6 PERSONAL SERV. IDI (D) ID) IDI I'll 5 & REPA R 5 1 1 BUSINES I SERVICE D D D D AMUSEMENT 6 RECREATION SERVICES 793 999 1-583 1,767 PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS 2.048 2,396 2.599 2.281 29Z08 PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 2.155 5.326 7.12; 12,482 L1,930 GOVERNMENT 49,743 91.058 103.251 177t255 1849611 CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT 22.554 55,382 70-336 126.795 133033 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 18,579 43.095 54936o 100,736 104,108 STATE & LOCAL GOVERNMENT 3,975 12,287 15,977 26,059 29.525 ARMED FORCES 27,189 35,676 32t9ls 50.461 50,979 DATA MAY NOT ADD TO HIGHER LEVEL TOTALS BECAUSE OF ROUNDING (D) DELETED TO AVOID DISCLOSURE OF CONFIDENTIAL DATA Appendix 3 233 TABLE 3-88 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC PROJECTIONS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 18-2, MARYLAND NON-SMSA AREA, 1980-2020, SERIES C 18-2 MARYLAND NON-5MSA AREA POPULATION, EMPLOYMENT. TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME AND EARNINGS BY SELECTED INDUSTRIES, SELECTED PROJECTED YEARS, 1980 2020 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 POPJLATION; JULYMI 137.988 171,378 206-054 247.192 293,877 PER CAPIT INCO E (1967s) 4,779 6,267 89509 11*144 14*386 PER CAPITA INCOME RELATIVE IUS=1.00) 1.00 1.02 1.03 1.02 1.01 TOTAL EMPLOYMENT 56,521 69.430 86943;, 105.054 125@427 EMPLOYMENT/POPULATION RATIO .41 .41 .42 .42 .43 EARNINGS PER WORKER (1967S) 91693 LZ.BL9 16-587 21.038 26.472 EARNINGS PER WORKER RELATIVE(US=1.00) 1.03 I.U5 1.05 1.03 1.00 IN THOUSANDS OF 1967 S TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME 659.457 1,074.002 1,753,348 2,754.612 4,227,664 TOTAL EARNINGS 547.832 890,047 19433,677 2.210.173 3,314,956 AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY & FISHERIES 12,998 13.928 16,567 219638 299031 AGRICULTURE L2.428 13,139 15,464 20,115 26,9a3 FORESTRY & FISHERIES (5) is) (5) (5) (5) MINING ED) (u) ED) ED) (U) METAL (5) (51 (5) (5) (b) CRUDE PETROLEUM & NATURAL GAS ED) ED) ED) ED) (u) NONMETALLIC, EXCEPT FUELS ED) ED) ED) ED) (U) CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION 19,541 31,5L6 51.170 80.319 123,288 MANUFACTURING 10,893 16,119 24,274 35093 51,931 FOOD & KINDRED PRODUCTS ED) ED) ED) ED) (u) APPAREL & OTHER FABRIC PRODUCTS (5) (5) is) 45) (b) LUMBER PRODUCTS & FURNITURE 3.497 5.060 7.404 10,583 15*162 PRINTING & PUBLISHING ED) ED) ED) ED) (u) CHEMICALS & ALLIED PRODUCTS (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) FABRICATED METALS 6 ORDNANCE (5) (5) is) (5) (b) ELECTRICAL MACHINERY & SUPPLIES ED) ED) ED) ED) (u) MOTOR VEHICLES & EQUIPMENT (5) (5) is) (5) (b) TRANS. EQUIP.. EXCL. MTR. VEHS. ED) ED) ED) ED) (u) OTHER MANUFACTURING 1.197 2,287 49186 79170 11,826 TRANS.* COMM. 6 PUBLIC UTILITIES lb,372 28,05a 47,494 76,886 120085 RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION ED) ED) ED) ED) ju) TRUCKING & WAREHOUSING (D@ ED) ED) ED) ED) OTHER TRANSPORTATION & SERVICES ED) ED) ED) ED) jol COMMUNICATIONS ED) ED) ED) (0) (u) UTILITIES (ELEC.,GAS, SANITARY) (0) ED) ED) ED) (0 WHOLESALE & RETAIL TRADE 64.455 106.760 178-216 287*090 453,582 FINANCE. INSURANCE 6 REAL ESTATE ED) ED) ED) 10 (U) SERVICES 50.359 90.386 162-593 2BOs939 473094 LODGING PLACES 6 PERSONAL SERV. ED) ED) ED) ED) (u) BUSINESS & REPAIR SERVICES ED) ED) (0) ED) (U) AMUSEMENT & RECREATION 5ERVICE5 2,964 4,321 6,431 9.334 13*375 PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS 31745 4.923 6,445 89IZ9 109403 PROFE55IONAL SERVICES 33,347 64,544 122,771 221.199 3849694 GOVERNMENT 364,415 588.503 928.498 1,387,382 1,9989400 CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT 299,515 504,048 818.499 1,244,751 1,8129036 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 229,744 377,263 593.139 865.918 1,194,796 STATE & LOCAL GOVERNMENT 69,771 1269785 225,36o 378,832 618.040 ARMED FORCES 64,900 84,456 109,999 1429632 185,564 DATA MAY NOT ADD TO HIGHER LEVEL TOTALS BECAUSE OF ROUNDING ED) DELETED TO AVOID DISCL05URE OF CONFIDENTIAL DATA (5) TOO SMALL TO BE PROJECTED Appendix 3 234 TABLE 3-89 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC TRENDS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 18-3, VIRGINIA NON SMSA AREA, 1950-1969 18-3 VIRGINIA NON-SMSA AREA POPULATION. EMPLOYMENT, TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME AND EARNINGS BY SELECTED INDUSTRIES, SELECTED HISTORIC YEARS. 1950 1969 1950 1959 1962 1968 1969 POPULATION, JULY 1 42,643 5L.370 55,886 62.015 62,91s PER CAPITA INCOME (19675) 1,570 19834 1.959 29584 29T47 PER CAPITA INCOME RELATIVE ([email protected]) .76 .75 .76 .78 .80 TOTAL EMPLOYMENT 16.082 18,997 EMPLOYMENT/POPULATION RATIO .38 .37 EARNINGS PER WORKEW 11967S) 3.329 3,963 EARNINGS PER WORKER RELATIVEiUScl.00) .74 .74 IN THOUsANDS OF 1967 S TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME 66,948 94.231 109,458 1609241 172,819 TOTAL EARNINGS 539543 75.281 869238 117.455 124o298 AGRICULTURE. FORESTRY 6 FISHERIES 4,109 2,386' 29800 1.116 1.462 AGRICULTURE 3.880 2,2Lo 2,676 1.073 1-id17 FORESTRY & FISHERIES 228 175 125 43 45 MINING (D) (D) (D) (D) (u) COAL 0 0 0 7 2 CRUDE PETROLEUM & NATURAL GAS 0 0 0 2 1 NONMETALLIC, EXCEPT FUELS (0) (D) (0) (D) (U) CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION 11522 3*388 29741 49487 4o988 MANUFACTURING (D) (D) (D) (0) (U) FOOD 6 KINDRED PRODUCTS 339 1,303 1.519 2,254 20352 APPAREL & OTHER FABRIC PRODUCTS 2,371 2.05a 2.870 3.939 4*445 LUMBER PRODUCTS 6 FURNITURE (D) (D) (D) (D) (0) PRINTING 6 PUBLISHING (0) 111) (DI IDI I'll CHEMICALS 6 ALLIED PRODUCTS tDI ID) CDI (D1 10) FABRICATED METALS & ORDNANCE (0) M (D) (D) (U) MACHINERY, EXCLUDING ELECTRICAL (D) (D) (D) (U) TOTAL MACHINERY (1950 ONLY) 0) MOTOR VEHICLES & EQUIPMENT 0 0 0 0 2 TRANS. EQUIP., EXCL- MTR. VEHS. 0 0 0 2 22 OTHER MANUFACTURING (D) (D) ID) iDl (u) TRANS., COMM. & PUBLIC UTILITIES 2.255 2,325 39680 4,920 5,272 RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION 1,344 962 946 949 918 TRUCKING & WAREHOUSING (D) (D) 10 (D) (0) OTHER TRANSPORTATION & SERVICES 134 237 152 340 375 COMMUNICATIONS (D) (D) (D) (D) (U) UTILITIES (ELEC.,GAS. SANITARY) (D) (D) (D) ID) (P) WHOLESALE & RETAIL TRADE 9.329 11.528 12,890 18,086 19.1,53 FINANCE, INSURANCE & REAL ESTATE (D) (D) (D) (0) SERVICES 4,554 61789 8.118 L2,747 13,874 LODGING PLACES & PERSONAL 5ERV. (D) (D) D) D) U) BUSINESS & REPAIR SERVICES (D) (D (D (D 4VI AMUSEMENT 6 RECREATION SERVICES 500 260 298 475 419 PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS 1,283 1,91.1 L.918 1,749 1.691 PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 1,389 3.074 4.029 6,415 7#482 GOVERNMENT 15.205 25.207 299923 48#482 509943 CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT 11.834 20.332 25.538 42,143 44,642 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 5,494 8,697 11073 19.056 l9qbI5 STATE & LOCAL GOVERNMENT 6.340 11,636 14,166 23087 25,027 ARMED FORCES 3,372 4.875 4.385 6,338 60301 DATA MAY NOT ADD TO HIGHER LEVEL TOTAL$ BECAUSE OF ROUNDING (D) DELETED TO AVOID D15CLOSURE OF CONFIDENTIAL DATA Appendix 3 235 TABLE 3-90 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC PROJECTIONS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 18-3, VIRGINIA NON-SMSA AREA, 1980-2020, SERIES C 18-3 VIRGINIA NON-SMSA AREA POPULATION, EMPLOYMENT. TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME AND EARNINGS BY SELECTED INDVSTRIES9 SELECTED PROJECTED YEARS, 1980 2020 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 POPULATION. JULY 1 77.909 91:'798 1059111 120s807 138018 PER CAPITA INCOME (1967S) 3,868 5 312 7,52o 10,207 13.561 PER CAPITA INCOME RLLATIVE (U521.00) .81 .86 .91 .94 .9s TOTAL EMPLOYMENT 31,691 36.536 42,934 49,524 569508 EMPLOYMENT/POPULATION RATIO .41 .40 .41 .41 .41 EARNINGS PER WORKER (1967S) 71413 10,317 14.169 19,144 259684 EARNINGS PER WORKER RELATIVE(US=1.00) .79 .85 .90 .94 .97 IN THOUSANDS OF 1967 S TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME 301.365 487.660 790,438 1,2339017 1,883.843 TOTAL EARNINGS 234,911 376.925 608,330 948,079 1,4510157 AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY 6 FISHERIES 1,478 1,604 1.971 2,605 3,501 AGRICULTURE 1.220 1.241 Is461 1.899 2,548 FORESTRY & FISHERIES (S) (S) (5) (5) (5) MINING (D) (D) (D) (D) (U) COAL (5) (5) (5) (5) (b) CRUDE PETRULEUM 6 NATURAL GAS (S) (5) (5) 151 01 NONMETALLIC, EXCEPT FUELS (D) (D) (D) (D? (U) CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION 9.069 14.145 22.332 34tZ96 519724 MANUFACTURING (D) (D) (D) (D) (u) FOOD & KINDRED PRODUCTS 4,080 6,257 9,699 14,443 21,157 APPAREL & OTHER FABRIC PRODUCTS 6.189 8.495 11,862 16.377 22,644 LUMBER PRODUCTS & FURNITURE (0) (D) (D) (D) (U) PRINTING & PUBLISHING (D) (D) (D) (D) (U) CHEMICALS & ALLIED PRODUCTS (D) (D) (D) (0) iv) FABRICATED METALS 6 ORDNANCE (D) (D) (D) io) lul MACHINERY, EXCLUDING ELECTRICAL (0) (D) (D) (D) (0) MOTOR VEHICLES & EGUIPMENT (5) (5) 15) (5) (5) TRANS. EGUIP., EXCL. MTR. VEH5. (S) (5) (5) (5) (b) OTHER MANUFACTURING (D) (D) (D) (D) (u) TRANS., COMM. & PUBLIC UTILITIES 9,324 15,201 25-000 39,972 629740 RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION 1,213 1,480 IsB20 2.127 2,462 TRUCKING & WAREHOUSING (D) (D) (D) (D) (Q) OTHER TRANSPORTATION & SERVICES (S) (5) (5) (5) (b) COMMUNICATIONS (D) (D) (D) (D) (u) UTILITIES (ELEC..GAS, SANITARY) (D) (D) (D) (D) 41)) WHOLESALE & RETAIL TRADE 33.988 51.790 80-224 120.821 179.362 FINANCE, INSURANCE & REAL ESTATE (D) (D) (D@ (D) SERVICES 26,480 44,970 76.742 126.458 204002 LODGING PLACES 6 PERSONAL SERV. (01 (D) (D) (D) (U) BU51NESS & REPAIR SERVICES (D) (D) (D) (D) (u) AMUSEMENT & RECREATION SERVICES t5) (5) (5) (5) (b) PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS 2,938 3.996 5,339 6.792 89516 PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 16,504 29,637 52.844 90,140 149,376 GOVERNMENT 110,007 185,423 308,463 488,927 755.207 CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT 104.229 179,114 299.171 477.126 740,071 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 37,472 58.713 -89,597 128,245 174,611 STATE & LOCAL GOVERNMENT 66,757 119.401 209,574 348.881 565.461 ARMED FORCES 5.779 7.309 9.292 11.801 15,136 DATA MAY NOT ADD TO HIGHER LEVEL TOTALS BECAUSE OF ROUNDING (D) DELETED TO AVOID DISCLOSURE OF CONFIDENTIAL DATA (5) TOO SMALL TO BE'PRUJECTED Appendix 3 236 TABLE 3-91 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC TRENDS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 18-4, RESIDUAL NON-SMSA AREA, 1950-1969 18-4 RESIDUAL NON-SMSA AREA POPULATIONt EMPLOYMENT. TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME AND EARNINGs BY SELECTED INUUSTRIES* SELECTED HISTORIC YEARS, 1950 1969 1950 1959 1962 1968 1969 .POPULATION, JULY 1 40,556 44.342 449963 49011 499913 PER CAPITA INCOME (1967S) 1,077 1,395 19609 29384 29381 PER CAPITA INCOME RELATIVE [email protected]) .52 .57 .65 .72 .69 TOTAL EMPLOYMENT 14.435 15,967 EMPLOYMENT/POPULATION RATIO .36 .36 EARNINGS PER WORKER (1967S) 2.498 3,011 EARNINGS PER WORKER RELATIVE(US=1.00) .55 .56 IN THOUSANDS OF 1967 5 TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME 43,688 61,861 75,932 1189964 1189823 TOTAL EARNINGS 36,057 480077 57*349 86#660 86,595 AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY FISHERIES 11,793 10,371 11.583 7.880 7,dI6 AGRICULTURE 11,783 10,33z Ils562 7o859 7*800 FORESTRY & FISHERIES to 38 20 2L 15 MINING (D) (D) (D) (D) (U) COAL 0 0 0 1 0 NONMETALLIC, EXCEPT FUELS (D) (D) (D) (0) (D) CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION 2,578 4,505 4-084 9.626 51843 MANUFACTURING (D) (D) (D) ID) fu) FOOD & KINDRED PRODUCTS (D) ID) (D) (D) (U) TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS 0 0 63 0 0 APPAREL & OTHER FABRIC PRODUCTS qO) (D) (D) (D) (U) LUMBER PRODUCTS & FURNITURE (D) iD) (D) (0) (1)) PRINTING 6 PUBLISHING (D) ID) (0) (0) (v) CHEMICALS 6 ALLIED PRODUCTS 0 17 63 0 0 PRIMARY METALS (D) (D) (D) (D) (u) FABRICATED METALS & ORDNANCE (D) (D) (D) (D) 10 MACHINERY, EXCLUDING ELECTRICAL 0 0 2 2 TOTAL MACHINERY (1950 ONLY) 0 MOTOR VEHICLES & EQUIPMENT 0 0 11004 It498 IOU54 TRANS. EQUIP.. EXCL. MTR. VEHS. 0 0 0 434 324 OTHER MANUFACTURING (D) JDJ (D) (D) (U) TRANS.. COMM. & PUBLIC UTILITIES 1.368 2,172 2,380 3*200 3,612 RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION 463 202 202 198 195 TRUCKING 6 WAREHOUSING 174 560 521 891 949 OTHER TRANSPORTATION G SERVICES 0 0 12 23 20 COMMUNICATIONS 610 1,337 1.356 1049 2,082 UTILITIES (ELEC-GA5, SANITARY) 123 73 288 339 zJ65 WHOLESALE 6 RETAIL TRADE 5.443 7,435 B-836 12,283 121t$14 FINANCE. INSURANCE & REAL ESTATE 695 1,112 1.217 2.106 2.147 SERVICES 4.071 6.544 8*033 11,683 12057 SERV. 20200 2,445 LODGING PLACES & PERSONAL 509 647 693 BUSINESS REPAIR SERVICES 141 185 243 612 168 AMUSEMENT RECREATION SERVICES 133 224 371 617 641 PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS 1,836 3,126 3,323 3,194 3.092 PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 1,448 ?,362 39405 4.981 59413 GOVERNMENT 7,900 13.125 15,541 29.603 31083 CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT 4,617 10,225 12#92a 219685 229991 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 1.493 4,182 50783 10.819 11,178 STATE & LOCAL GOVERNMENT 3.124 6,043 7#137 10#866 11013 ARMED FORCES 3,282 2,899 29621 79918 8,092 DATA MAY NOT ADD TO HIGHER LEVEL TOTALS BECAUSE OF ROUNDING (0) DELETED TO AVOID DISCLOSURE OF CONFIDENTIAL DATA Appendix 3 237 TABLE 3-92 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC PROJECTIONS FOR ECONOMICAREA 18-4, RESIDUAL NON-SMSA AREA, 1980-2020, SERIES C 18-4 R-ESIDUAL NON-SMSA AREA POPULATION, EMPLOYME7T; TOTAL PERSOZALSINCOME AND EARNINGS By SELECTED INDUSTRIES, SELEC E PROJECTED Y AR , 1980 2020 L980 1990 2000 Zola 2020 POPULATION, JULY 1 55,517 63,569 71.566 81,574 93,945 PER CAPITA INCOME (1967S) 3.539 4,865 6-894 9,361 12,440 PER CAPITA INCOME RELATIVE IUS=1.00) .74 .79 .83 .86 .87 TOTAL EMPLOYMENT 24,465 27,413 31.672 36t223 41,072 EMPLOYMENT/POPULATION RATIO .44 .43 .44 .44 .44 EARNINGS PER WORKER (1967S) 6.056 8,455 11,611 15*656 20,939 EARNINGS PER WORKER RELATIVEiUS=1.00) .64 .69 .73 .77 .79 IN THOUSANDS OF 1967 S TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME 196,464 309.28a 493,361 763t621 1,159,951 TOTAL EARNINGS 148,167 231.790 367.742 567,107 860.024 AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY & FISHERIES 7,825 8.026 9,474 12,343 16,567 AGRICULTURE 7.767 7.939 9,345 12*155 169305 FORESTRY & FISHERIES IS) (S) (SI IS) (5) MINING ED) ED) ED) (01 COAL is) (S) IS) (5) NONMETALLIC, EXCEPT FUELS ED) (D) ED) ED) ED) CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION 9,834 14,923 220986 34.533 51060 MANUFACTURING ED) ED) ED) (0) W) FOOD & KINUREDPRODUCTS (0) ED) ED) ED) (0) TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS (5) (S) (5) (S) 0)) APPAREL & OTHER FABRIC PRODUCTS ED) ED) ED) ED) (u) LUMBER PRODUCTS & FURNITURE ED) ED) ED) ED) ED) PRINTING PUBLISHING ED) ED) ED) ED) ED) CHEMICALS ALLIED PRODUCTS (5) IS) (5) (5) 15) PRIMARY METALS (0 ED) ED) ED) M FABRICATED METALS & ORDNANCE ED) (W ED) ED) ED) MACHINERY. EXCLUDING ELECTRICAL (5) (5) (S) (5) 15) MOTOR VEHICLES & EQUIPMENT 2.353 3.505 5.341 8,290 12,337 TRANS. EQUIP., EXCL. MTR. VEHS. (S) (5) (S) (5) 45) OTHER MANUFACTURING ED) ED) ED) (0) (v) TRANS.. COMM. & PUBLIC UTILITIES 6,265 10,022 16,241 25,675 39.940 RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION (5) (5) (S) (S) (5) TRUCKING & WAREHOUSING 1,999 3.645 6,497 11,092 18,239 OTHER TRANSPORTATION 6 SERVICES (5) (S) .(S) (5) (5) COMMUNICATIONS 3,306 4.910 7.474 II,IT8 16.639 UTILITIES (ELEC..GAS, SANITARY) (S) (S) (5) (S) j5) WHOLESALE & RETAIL TRADE 22,015 33,789 52,697 79.863 1191Z14 FINANCE, INSURANCE & REAL ESTATE 2,842 4,L67 69215 99043 139049 SERVICES 22.646 36,664 59,633 94,004 146.051 LODGING PLACES & PERSONAL SERV. 3,884 6.471 10,87o 17,682 289293 BUSINESS & REPAIR SERVICES (S) (5) (5) (S) W AMUSEMENT 6 RECREATION SERVICES 1,265 2.049 39313 5,139 79757 PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS 5.619 7.79a 10-564 139569 17*130 PROFESSIONAL SERVICES II.ZOO 19,402 33-506 559628 89094 GOVERNMENT 59,765 98,676 161.421 252,554 385,786 CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT 52,767 89.650 149.753 237,522 3669315 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 21.231 33.204 50,614 729387 98.506 STATE & LOCAL GOVERNMENT 31,536 56,445 99,140 165*136 267009 ARMED FORCES 6.996 9.027 11.667 15,03id 199471 DATA MAY NOT ADD TO HIGHER LEVEL TOTALS BECAUSE OF ROUNDING ED) DELETED TO AVOID D15CLOSURE OF CONFIDENTIAL DATA (S) TOO SMALL TO BE PROJECTED Appendix 3 238 TABLE 3-93 SUB-SEGMENT AND COUNTY BREAKDOWN FOR ECONOMIC AREA 21C - RICHMOND, VA. 21-1 Richmond, Va. and Petersburg,-Colonial 21-3 Residual Non-SMSA Area*** Hei hts, Va. SMSA's (Combined)* Albemarle and Char- Chesterfield lottesville, Virginia Hanover Amelia, Virginia Henrico and Richmond City Brunswick, Virginia Colonial Heights** Buckingham, Virginia Dinwiddie and Petersburg Cumberland, Virginia Prince George and Hopewell Fluvanna, Virginia Goochland, Virginia 21-2 Non-SMSA Area, Virginia* Greene, Virginia Caroline Greensville, Virginia Charles City Louisa, Virginia Essex Lunenburg, Virginia King and Queen Madison, Virginia King William Mecklenburg, Virginia Lancaster Nottoway, Virginia New Kent Orange, Virginia Northumberland Powhatan, Virginia Richmond Prince Edward, Virginia Westmoreland Sussex, Virginia *Included in Estuary Area as defined. **Colonial Heights currently included in Chesterfield County. ***In addition, projections of population and total personal income will be made for the following group of counties to permit reconciliation with State Planning Districts: Greensville, Virginia Goochland, Virginia Powhatan, Virginia Sussex, Virginia Appendix 3 239 *UTICA ALBANY* ol.!N0e-ICK -51 St1Ib.,ELMIf44_j Ti_ 'L OBINGHAMTON S.M- 4" _-@-@,1;1'11IA.SPPRT LKE BARRE* W..bl. I ...... @ "," I S UDSBURG PUNXSUTAWNEjY tlylk'll W'th' B,, k, ALTOO HA R, LANCASTE SOMERSETO yGR V. PA L rD . ... ...... 10011 cil.1"Wil A1.MnRF 0 CLARKSBURG Ntl.po .......... li"VINCHESTE MCI N D. Zim" NOW* is. I sill- U,ki,gohllm ...... 'Sl'ff.@ A- S '@U 7 NT If LI 4, I M NC G 'M' i 11 DA VILLY 0 MURFEESBA 0 -If. d Ch' Will - RICHMOND ECONOMIC AREA (21) W". Richmond, Va. and Petersburg - Colonial He ghts, Va. SMSA's @Cornbined)* Non-SMSA Area- Residual Non-SMSA Arm Included in Estuary Arm as defined FIGURE 3-26 H1 I'd 1 *1. Appendix 3 240 TABLE 3-94 DEMOGRAPHIC'AND ECONOMIC TRENDS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 21s RICHMOND, VA., 1950-1969 ECONOMIC AREA 21 RICHMOND. VIRGINIA POPULATION. EMPLOYMENT. TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME AND EARNINGS BY 5ELEC7ED INDUSTRIES, SELECTED HISTORIC YEARS, 1950 1969 1950 1959 1962 1968 1969 POPULATION. JULY 1 783,604 885.740 926,661 1.005,743 11008.183 PER CAPITA INCOME (1967S) 1,723 2.017 29257 3.023 3,151 PER CAPITA INCOME RELATIVE (US=1.00) a3 .83 .87 .91 .92 TOTAL EMPLOYMENT 305.945 334,134 EMPLOYMENT/POPULATION RATIO .39 .3a EARNINGS PER WORKER (1967S) 3,786 49492 EARNINGS PER WORKER RELATIVE([email protected]) .84 .84 IN THOUSANDS OF 1967 $ TOTAL PER50NAL INCOME 1.350.538 1.786.890 2,09L.513 3,040,169 3,176.606 TOTAL EARNINGS 11158,459 L.500,818 19733,197 2.456,539 Z.58OsIO4 AGRICULTURE. FORESTRY & FISHERIES 111.995 77,657 92,401 60,326 68.618 AGRICULTURE 107s727 739819 89,537 58,325 679183 FORESTRY 6 FISHERIES 4,273 39836 2,868 2,003 1*627 MINING 2,582 3,075 3.656 4.911 4.788 METAL 197 142 581 57 W) COAL (0) (D) (D) (D) CRUDE PETROLEUM & NATURAL GAS (D) (D) (D) ID) (0) NONMETALLIC, EXCEPT FUELS 2.168 2,933 2.874 4,625 4,557 CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION 70.260 88,699 103,302 158.920 166,731 MANUFACTURING 262,529 377,035 440.306 6209000 647,03 FOOD & KINDRED PRODUCTS 25,306 38.837 42,519 54,984 57,376 TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS 16,320 18,773 15,798 25.312 25.985 APPAREL 6 OTHER FABRIC PRODUCTS 15,806 20,618 25,057 33,773 35,996 LUMBER PRODUCTS 6 FURNITURE 41,479 44,479 44,479 63,831 65,130 PAPER & ALLIED PRODUCTS 21,729 32.869 37,884 44.514 48,924 PRINTING & PUBLISHING 13 834 23:239 25:361 37:015 39:U508 CHEMICALS & ALLIED PRODUCTS 44:962 52 521 91 046 121 394 123 55 PETROLEUM REFINING 295 33 37 22 Is PRIMARY METALS 6,988 34.026 34,549 43,628 43.ZOZ FABRICATED METALS & ORDNANCE (D) (D) (D) (D) W) MACHINERY, EXCLUDING ELECTRICAL 4.196 8,173 15,550 18,481 ELECTRICAL MACHINERY & SUPPLIES 6.097 10*609 21,234 23009 TOTAL MACHINERY (1950 ONLY) 1,603 MOTOR VEHICLES & EQUIPMENT 251 541 767 2,782 3,105 TRANS. EGUIP..,EXCL. MTR. VEHS. 410 705 1,882 4,235 3,U48 OTHER MANUFACTURING 61,998 87.618 91.050 134,237 141,035 TRANS.. COMM. & PUBLIC UTILITIES 117.675 133.246 144.109 182,621 1859972 RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION 52,692 52.29a 52.037 50,357 48,394 TRUCKING 6 WAREHOUSING 10,073 22.960 279847 46,355 47080 OTHER TRANSPORTATION & SERVICES 13,920 10.008 11.859 15,843 16,305 COMMUNICATIONS 14,815 29.317 33,61& 45.400 47,430 UTILITIES (ELEC..GAS, SANITARY) 26.175 18.661 18.748 24#664 26,256 WHOLESALE & RETAIL TRADE 224.591 292,024 312,613 415,208 436.874 FINANCE. INSURANCE & REAL ESTATE 60,954 97.083 111,281 1599221 1669147 SERVICES 122.348 165,816 200,357 294,018 313021 LODGING PLACES 6 PERSONAL SERV. 23,038 26.337 28.564 43,484 43,977 BU51NE 55 & REPAIR SERVICES 11'171 19,067 23*924 44,930 49,595 AMU EMENT 6 RECREATION SERVICES 6:924 4.791 7,056 st477 8vl20 PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS 34.778 35,481 37948.a 349729 33027 PROFE55IONAL SERVICES 46.432 80,14L 103.332 162,398 177,999 GUVERNMEhT 185.515 266,187 325ol72 561,314 5899603 CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT 1519215 217,349 Z72ol4o 450,247 480,519 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 63,334 85,131 1099439 1559589 163s984 STATE & LOCAL GOVERNMENT 87.875 132,216 162.700 294.656 316,531 ARMED FORCES 349304 48,833 539028 111#063 1099088 DATA MAY NOT ADD TO HIGHER LEVEL TOTAL$ BECAUSE OF ROUNDING 4D) DELETED TO AVOID DISCLOSURE OF CONFIDENTIAL DATA Appendix 3 241 TABLE 3"95 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC PROJECTIONS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 21, RICHMOND, VA., 1980-2020, SERIES C ECONOMIC AREA 21 RICHMON D VIRG INIA POPULATION, EMPLOYMENT, TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME AND EARNINGS BY SELECTED INDUSTRIES, SELECTED PROJECTED YEARS. 1980 2020 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 POPULATION. JULY 1 1,196.403 1.370,580 1.597,648 1.838.081 2,087.752 PER CAPITA INCOME (1967S) 4.441 5,864 7.760 10.183 139430 PER CAPITA INCOME RELATIVE (US=1.00) .93 .95 .94 .93 .94 TOTAL EMPLOYMENT 487sl5O 554*170 642o99a 735031 834,401 EMPLOYMENT/POPULATION RATIO .41 .40 .40 .40 .40 EARNINGS PER WORKER (1967s) 81633 11,358 14,961 19.577 25.692 EARNINGS PER WORKER RELATIVE(U531.00) .92 .93 .95 .96 .97 IN THOUSANDS OF 1967 S TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME 5*313,592 8.037,252 12.397,369 18.716,602 28,038.141 TOTAL EARNINGS 4.205.671 6,294.463 91619,806 14,407,173 21,437,780 AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY 6 F15HERIES 74,703 80,996 95$95r, 124s813 166,928 AGRICULTURE 71,180 76.432 89-967 117.015 156,966 FORESTRY & FISHERIES 3,524 49564 5s98B 79798 9.963 MINING 7,417 10,154 14,295 19.931 27.997 METAL (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) COAL (D) (D) (D) (u) 1U) CRUDE PETROLEUM & NATURAL GAS (D) (D) (D) (D) (0) NONMETALLIC. EXCEPT FUELS 7.089 9.758 13,830 19,347 279328 CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION 260,440 387,654 589.050 877,327 1,294s593 MANUFACTURING 1,004,143 1,452,354 2,156,530 3,155,038 4,620,361 FOOD & KINDRED PRODUCTS 77,945 98,472 127.11S 162,040 208,727 TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS 41.634 60.127 88,055 126,284 L81,693 APPAREL 6 OTHER FABRIC PRODUCTS 60,282 89.429 134.305 1979770 29U,861 LUMBER PRODUCTS & FURNITURE 92,091 122.148 166,770 225,379 308,354 PAPER & ALLIED PRODUCTS 77,445 113,859 171,806 255,055 378,082 PRINTING & PUBLISHING 59.854 86,622 12s.058 186,152 270068 CHEMICALS & ALLIED PRODUCTS 201,063 299.994 457,325 683,523 1,015025 PETROLEUM REFINING (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) PRIMARY METALS -54.551 67.093 84,276 104.565 130,931 FABRICATED METALS & ORDNANCE (D) (D) (D) (D) (u) MACHINERY, EXCLUDING ELECTRICAL 33,434 54,985 91,975 149,3Z3 239,207 ELECTRICAL MACHINERY & SUPPLIES 43,747 72,930 IZL.906 196.277 313064 MOTOR VEHICLES 6 EQUIPMENT 6.443 10,467 17,138 27,263 42,926 TRANS. EQUIP., EXCL. MTR. VEHS. 4,362 6,679 10,46o 16,582 25018 OTHER MANUFACTURING 220,395 325,219 491,775 729.911 1,078,!)72 TRANS.. CDMM. & PUBLIC UTILITIES 285.738 405s585 592,113 852.466 1,231,331 RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION 65,829 78,970 95,187 110,682 120,148 TRUCKING & WAREHOUSING 75,690 111,696 169,076 251.473 372,963 OTHER TRANSPORTATION & SERVICES 27.466 42.417 66.667 102,533 157,526 COMMUNICATIONS 76,964 115.421 177,190 265,959 395.061 UTILITIES (ELEC-GAS. SANITARY) 39.790 57.OBZ 83,999 121,819 176033 WHOLESALE & RETAIL TRADE 729,486 1.093s858 1.678,841 2.521,234 3,761.612 FINANCE, INSURANCE & REAL ESTATE 263.099 386,203 581,306 859,084 1,262*015 SERVICES 563,118 907.779 1.476,459 2.329,342 3,610,059 LODGING PLACES & PERSONAL SERV. 73,631 107.834 161$477 237.283 3479311 BUSINESS REPAIR SERVICES 91,185 151.546 252,137 403,843 632039 AMUSEMENT RECREATION SERVICES 14.489 22,082 34sI36 519523 77028 PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS 44,434 52,599 63,093 73,984 87.125 PROFE55IONAL SERVICES 339,379 573.719 965.616 1,562,708 2.465,957 GOVERNMENT 1,017.526 1.569.880 2,435.256 3,667.940 5.462.Z84 CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT 882,562 1,394s772 2.207,741 3.373,528 5,0799618 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 256,307 361,583 510,746 692,051 909,837 STATE & LOCAL GOVERNMENT 626,256 1,033,189 1.696,995 2.681,477 4,169,981 ARMED FORCES 134.964 175,10a 227,515 294,411 382.466 DATA MAY NOT ADD TO HIGHER LEVEL TOTALS BECAUSE OF ROUNDING (D) DELETED TO AVOID DISCLOSURE OF CONFIDENTIAL DATA (5) TOO SMALL TO BE PRUJECTED Appendix 3 242 TABLE 3-96 DEMOGRAPHIC AND-ECONOMIC TRENDS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 21-1, RICHMOND & PETERSBURG COLONIAL HEIGHTS, VIRGINIA SMSA's, 1950-1969 21-1 RICHMOND & PETERSBURG-COLONIAL HEIGHTS* VIRGINIA SMSAS POPULATIONs EMPLOYMENT, TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME AND EARNINGS BY SELECTED INDUSTRIE59 SELECTED HISTORIC YEARS, L950 1969 1950 1959 1962 1968 1969 POPULATION, JULY 1 4390416 540,547 573,316 641*055 644,782 PER CAPITA INCOME 11967$) 2.179 2,425 2t653 3,495 3,619 PER CAPITA INCOME RELATIVE (US=1.00) 1.06 .99 1.03 1.05 1.05 TOTAL EMPLOYMENT 186.410 216,538 EMPLOYMENT/POPULATION RATIO .42 .40 EARNINGS PER WORKER (1967$) 4,435 5,085 EARNINGS PER WORKER RELATIVE(U5=10W .99 .95 IN THOUsANDS OF 1967 S TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME 957.506 1.311,030 1.521,065 2,2409219 2,3339553 TOTAL EARNINGS 826,769 1.101,165 1.263,790 1,845,960 1,932,420 AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY & FISHERIES 18.142 13,512 15,769 11,095 13,457 AGRICULTURE 17.919 13,347 15.653 11,012 13,384 FORESTRY & FISHERIES 224 165 117 83 71 MINING (D) ID) (D) (D) METAL 67 142 289 57 CRUDE PETROLEUM & NATURAL GAS 0 0 0 3 3 NONMETALLIC. EXCEPT FUELS (D) (D) 10) (D) (0) CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION (D) (D) (D) (D) (0 MANUFACTURING 199,487 289,405 343v824 464oO54 4819680 FOOD 6 KINDRED PRODUCTS 21,206 28.903 29,518 35.715 36006 TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS (D) (D) ID) (D) (0) APPAREL & OTHER FABRIC PRODUCTS 12,169 12.017 15,871 19,649 21,U60 LUMBER PRODUCTS & FURNITURE 12,284 L3.92i 15,733 22.750 22*570 PAPER & ALLIED PRODUCTS (D) W) ID) (0) (1)) PRINTING PUBLISHING 12.942 21,398 22.938 339707 359445 CHEMICALS ALLIED PRODUCTS 44,418 52,072 90,62a 120,749 122,904 PETROLEUM REFINING (D) (W (D) (D) (u) PRIMARY METALS (D) (D) (0) (D) (U) FABRICATED METALS & ORDNANCE 9.252 12.349 109932 14,417 16,301 MACHINERY. EXCLUDING ELECTRICAL 3.751 7.597 14,524 17.309 ELECTRICAL MACHINERY 6 SUPPLIES (D) (D) (D) (o) TOTAL MACHINERY (1950 ONLY) D) MOTOR VEHICLES 6 EQUIPMENT 251 541 767 1,735 1,664 TRANS. EQUIP., EXCL. MTR. VEHS. 0 67 377 2,007 539 OTHER MANUFACTURING 59,355 82.330 84-685 121,084 125,912 TRANS., COMM. & PUBLIC UTILITIES 97,888 109,282 116,116 148,989 151094 RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION 38,636 40,015 39,834 37,824 36tL91 TRUCKING & WAREHOUSING 8,101 18,861 23.415 41,194 4;!,408 OTHER TRANSPORTATION & SERVICES 12.846 9.221 10,639 14,092 149662 COMMUNICATIONS 13,182 250272 28,484 37,252 38.460 UTILITIES (ELEC..GAS, SANITARY) 25,121 15,913 13,744 18,626 190170 WHOLESALE & RETAIL TRADE 175,251 230.336 241,572 329,878 348,717 FINANCE, INSURANCE & REAL ESTATE (D) (D) (D) (D) (U) SERVICES 93,194 117,430 144.173 229.939 246.ZO7 LOUGING PLACES & PER50NAL SERV. 17,942 20.408 22.56o 33.338 33.643 5USINE55 & REPAIR SERVICES 10,168 16,910 20,853 40.327 44,bOl AMUSEMENT 6 RECREATION SERVICES 6.032 3.779 5,662 6,495 6.157 PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS 23 343 21:879 22:886 21,670 20083 PROFESS 1ONAL SERVICES 35:709 54 454 72 2 1o 128,111 1401422 GOVERNMENT 137,714 184,746 224.177 398,206 416,Z56 CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT 106,485 143,757 179,54p 297,183 316,199 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 53,475 65,343 81,284 109,110 113.907 STATE & LOCAL GOVERNMENT 53,008 78.414 98,257 188.074 202,b92 ARMED FORCES 31,230 40,9b8 44,634 101,022 99,458 DATA MAY NOT ADD TO HIGHER LEVEL TOTALS BECAUSE OF ROUNDING (Di DELETED TO AVOID DISCLOSURE OF CONFIDENTIAL DATA Appendix 3 243 TABLE 3-97 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC PROJECTIONS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 21-1, RICHMOND & PETERSBURG-COLONIAL HEIGHTS, VIRGINIA SMSA's, 1980-2020, SERIES C 21-1 RICHMOND & PETERSBURG-COLONIAL HEIGHTS, VIRGINIA SMSAS POPULATION. EMPLOYMENT, TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME AND EARNINGs BY SELECTED INDUSTRIES, SELECTED PROJECTED YEARS. 1980 2020 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 POPULATION. JULY 1 776.140 900,255 1.059.628 1,228.598 1,4039633 PER CAPITA INCOME (1967S) 5,061 6,587 8'b12 11,191 14,b4g PER CAPITA INCOME RELATIVE (USMI.00) 1.06 1.07 1.04 1.03 1.03 TOTAL EMPLOYMENT 329.489 376,406 438-093 502.487 5709620 EMPLOYMENTIPOPULATION RATIO .42 .42 .41 .41 .41 EARNINGS PER WORKER (1967S) 9,511 12.444 16.310 21.252 27,786 EARNINGS PER WORKER RELATIVE(US=1.00) 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 IN THOUSANDS OF 1967 $ TOTAL PERSONAL INCOML 3,928,100 5,929,646 9,125.088 13,749,079 20,562,Z79 TOTAL EARNINGS J.133.623 4.683.885 7,145.371 10,678.714 15.855,14a AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY & FISHERIES 15,204 16.474 19,424 25.271 33,089 AGRICULTURE 15,069 16.289 19,174 24.937 33*452 FORESTRY 6 FISHERIES (5) (5) (S) (S) 15) MINING (D) (D) (D) (D) (U) METAL (5) (5) (5) (5) 45) CRUDE PETROLEUM & NATURAL GAS (5) (5) (5) (5) (b) NONMETALLIC, EXCEPT FUELS (D) ID) (0) (D) (W) CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION (D) (D) (D) (U) MANUFACTURING 741,448 1,065,155 lo573*268 2,292,140 3.34Z.405 FOOD & KINDRED PRODUCTS 48,527 59,842 75,662 94,803 120,488 TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS (D) (D) (W (D) (U) APPAREL 6 OTHER FABRIC PRODUCTS 34,695 50,609 74.888 10a.922 158,650 LUMBER PRODUCTS & FURNITURE 34.071 46.262 64.379 88,324 122,ZO4 PAPER & ALLIED PRODUCTS (D@ (D) (D) (D) (0) PRINTING 6 PUBLISHING 53,817 77.194 113,250 163,580 236,124 CHEMICALS & ALLIED PRODUCTS 199,729 297,861 453.867 678.057 190069493 PETROLEUM REFINING (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) PRIMARY METALS ID) (D) (D) (0) W) FABRICATED METALS & ORDNANCE 24,501 34,521 50,236 71,823 1039088 MACHINERY. EXCLUDING ELECTRICAL 31.241 51.161 85,279 138.053 220,663 ELECTRICAL MACHINERY & SUPPLIES (D) (D) (D) (D) (1)) MOTOR VEHICLES & EQUIPMENT 4,023 6.416 10,34o 16,237 25,307 TRANS. EQUIP.. EXCL. mTR. VEH5. 1.867 20802 40312 6,740 10,175 OTHER MANUFACTURING 195,022 284.477 426.038 627,467 921,806 TRANS., COMM. & PUBLIC UTILITIES 234,612 333,608 487,35o 7019639 1,013.Z59 RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION 50,943 61.863 75.352 86,419 103,193 TRUCKING & WAREHOUSING 68,019 101.015 153.68a 229.510 34L.469 OTHER TRANSPORTATION & SERVICES 24,052 36.798 57,38o 87.686 134,074 COMMUNICATIONS 61,584 90,875 137.576 204.134 301.137 UTILITIES @ELEC-GAS. SANITARY) 30,014 43.057 63.362 91.890 133,385 WHOLESALE & RETAIL TRADE 564,313 837,232 1,272-468 1,893.966 29802085 FINANCE. INSURANCE 6 REAL ESTATE (D) (D) (D) (D) (0) SERVICES 447,143 725.241 .19185,401 1,877,477 Z.919.022 LODGING PLACES 6 PERSONAL SERV. 55.986 81.244 1209712 176,245 2569689 BUSINESS REPAIR SERVICES 81,710 135,561 2259205 360.214 563.687 AMUSEMENT RECREATION SERVICES 10.747 16,065 249431 369378 54sI76 PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS 27.427 32,248 38945c, 44,874 52,055 PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 271,272 460,117 7769598 1#259,767 199911815 GOVERNMENT 703,741 1,078,751 1.663.582 2.493,820 3,696,999 CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT 580,396 918.602 19455,375 29224,Z61 3,346,684 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 178,686 252,542 357,271 4B4,690 637000 STATE & LOCAL GOVERNMENT 401,711 666,060 1,098,103 1039,571 2.708,883 ARMED FORCES 123.345 160,150 2089208 269,560 350015 DATA MAY NOT ADD TO HIGHER LEVEL TOTALS BECAUSE OF ROUNDING (D) DELETED TO AVOID DISCLOSURE OF CONFIDENTIAL DATA (5) TOO SMALL TO BE PROJECTED Appendix 3 244 TABLE 3-98 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC TRENDS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 21-2, NON-SMSA AREA, 1950-1969 21-2 NON-SMSA AREA POPULATION, EMPLOYMENT, TOTAL PER50NAL INCOME AND EARNINGS BY SELECTED INDUSTRIES, SELECTED HISTORIC YEARS, L950 1969 1950 1959 1962 1968 1969 POPULATION. JULY 1 76,465 79,319 80,674 83,119 BZ9124 PER CAPITA INCOME (1967s) 11091 1,338 1.539 2,088 2*167 PER CAPITA INCOME RELATIVE (US=1.001 .53 .55 .60 .63 .63 TOTAL EMPLOYMENT Z6.199 Z5.863 EMPLOYMENT/POPULATION RATIO .34 .33 EARNINGS PER WORKER i1967S) 2,593 3,422 EARNINGS PER WORKER RELATIVE([email protected]) .58 .64 IN THOUSANDS OF 1967 S TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME 83,402 106,125 124,137 173.568 1799289 TOTAL EARNINGS 67,923 88.506 100.778 120,936 125.396 AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY & FISHERIES 18,257 13,308 16.448 10,151 11,447 AGRICULTURE 14,505 10,403 149304 8,39L 10025 FORESTRY & FISHERIES 3,752 2,905 2,146 1,761 1.419 MINING (D) (D) (D) (D) (0) COAL 0 0 0 1 0 CRUDE PETROLEUM & NATURAL GAS 0 0 0 4 1 NONMETALLIC, EXCEPT FUELS (0) (D) (D) (D) W) CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION (D) (D) (D) (D) qu) MANUFACTURING 13,791 17,915 119649 32,661 329623 FOOD & KINDRED PRODUCTS 1,373 3,787 3.673 6,971 60959 TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS (D) (D) (D) (D) (U) APPAREL & OTHER FABRIC PRODUCTS (0) (D) (D) (u) (U) LUMBER PRODUCTS & FURNITURE 8,173 7.091 59704 8.188 89192 PAPER & ALLIED PRODUCTS (D) (D) (D) (D) (U) PRINTING PUBLISHING 120 182 228 275 id65 CHEMICALS ALLIED PRODUCTS (D) (D) (D) (D) (u) PRIMARY METALS 0 0 0 284 431 FABRICATED METALS & ORDNANCE (D) (D) (D) (D) (0) MACHINERY, EXCLUUING ELECTRICAL (0) (D) (D) (ul ELECTRICAL MACHINERY & SUPPLIES (D) (D) (D) (W TOTAL MACHINERY (1950 ONLY@ I D) Isz9I MOTOR VEHICLES & EQUIPMENT 0 0 0 911 TRANS. EQUIP.. EXCL. MTR. VEHS. 410 638 508 637 812 OTHER MANUFACTURING 28 17 38 269 191 TRANS., COMM. & PUBLIC UTI41TIES 3,544 3,666 4,461 5,701 5,?48 RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION 1.921 1.081 1.075 1.030 1000 TRUCKING & WAREHOUSING 580 1.023 1,170 t.738 1,520 OTHER TRANSPORTATION & SERVICES 72 51 86 63 63 COMMUNICATIONS 634 805 19008 1,462 1,64Z UTILITIES (ELEC.,GAS, 5ANITARY) 336 706 1-122 1,406 1,523 WHOLESALE 6 RETAIL TRADE 11,526 13,831 15*961 l7t591 17t746 FINANCE. INSURANCE & REAL ESTATE 4D) (D) (D) (0) (U) SERVICES 5,933 16,348 17.682 11,483 11,490 LODGING PLACES 6 PERSONAL SERV. 1,126 1,806 11313 2,053 1.919 BU51NE55 & REPAIR SERVICES 99 117 22o 773 t'38 AMUSEMENT & RECREATION SERVICES 103 114 183 390 325 PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS 2.555 39126 3,431 2$919 29425 PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 2.048 11,184 129535 5,347 5080 GOVERNMENT 9,533 18,038 22,229 35,366 37,174 CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT 81893 16.147 209391 33,074 34s988 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 2,973 5,125 7.218 109595 10054 STATE & LOCAL GOVERNMENT 5,920 11.021 13,171 229477 24vI30 ARMED FORCES 638 19890 19837 2,291 2,188 DATA MAY NOT ADD TO HIGHER LEVEL TOTAL$ BECAUSE OF ROUNDING (D) DELETED TO AVOID DISCLOSURE OF CONFIDENTIAL DATA Appendix 3 245 TABLE 3-99 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC PROJECTIONS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 21-2, NON-SMSA AREA, 1980-2020, SERIES C 21-2 NON-SMSA AREA POPULATION, EMPLOYMENT, TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME AND EARNINGs BY SELECTED INDUSTRIES, SELECTED PROJECTED YEARS, 1980 2020 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 POPULATION-JULY 1 95.688 106,153 120.479 135,614 151071 PER CAPITA INCOME (1967S) 2,946 4,017 5*468 7,346 941:173 PER CAPITA INCOME RELATIVE (US=1.00) .62 .65 .66 .67 .69 TOTAL EMPLOYMENT 30,660 34*133 38-964 43.956 49,250 EmPLOYMENT/POPULATION RATIO .32 .32 .32 .32 .33 EARNINGS PER WORKER (1967S) 6,859 9.242 12,40g 16.553 22.LOZ EARNINGS PER WORKER RELATIVE(US=1.00) .73 .76 .7a .81 .83 IN THOUsANDS OF 1967 S TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME 281.869 426,445 650,762 9969229 1.494,534 TOTAL EARNINGS 2LO.310 315,449 483.498 727,619 1,0889537 AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY & FISHERIES 13,800 15.834 19-114 24,8?9 32,852 AGRICULTURE 10,820 12.009 14.137 18,388 249665 FORESTRY & FISHERIES 2,980 3,825 4,977 6.441 8,L87 MINING (D) iD) (D) (D) (0) COAL (51 15, (51 IS, 15, CRUDE PETROLEUM & NATURAL GAS (S' Is, 15, (5) 15) NONMETALLIC- EXCEPT FUELS (D) (D) (D) (D) lui CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION (D) (D) (D) (D) W) MANUFACTURING 51.125 73.145 L07.399 155,508 2259660 FOOD & KINDRED PRODUCTS 10,011 13.127 17,449 22.742 29,747 TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS (0) (D) (D) (D) (0) APP-AREL 6 OTHER FABRIC PRODJCTS (D) (DI (D) (D) (0) LUMBER PRODUCTS & FURNITURE 11,117 14,247 18.881 24,895 339413 PAPER & ALLIED PRODUCTS (D) (D) (D) (D) (0-) PRINTING & PUBLISHING is) is) is) (51 (b) CHEMICALS & ALLIED PRODUCTS (D) (D) ID) (D) (u) PRIMARY METAL5 (5) 45) is) (5) (5) FABRICATED METALS 6 ORDNANCE W) (D) (D) (D) (W MACHINERY, EXCLUDING ELECTRICAL W) (D) (D) (U) (0) ELECTRICAL MACHINERY & SUPPLIES (D) ID) (D) (Di (u) MOTOR VEHICLES 6 EQUIPMENT 2,385 3,991 6,697 10.863 179357 TRANS. EQUIP., EXCL. MTR. VEH5. 15) (5) (5) (5) (5) OTHER MANUFACTURING (5) (5) is) (5) (5) TRANS., COMM- & PUBLIC UTILITIES 8.733 12.621 18,795 27.570 40.411 RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION 1,252 1,458 1,709 1,938 2,192 TRUCKING & WAREHOUSING 2.142 2,959 4.243 6,040 8.655 OTHER TRANSPORTATION & SERVICES (5) (5) is) (5) (S) COMMUNICATIONS 2,899 4.680 7,62o 11,970 18,431 UTILITIES (ELEC-GAS, SANITARY) 2.308 3.310 4.869 7.062 10.454 WHOLESALE & RETAIL TRADE 33.716 52.762 84.073 130.478 200,j4O FINANCE, INSURANCE 6 REAL ESTATE (D) (D) (D) (D) (U) SERVICES L9,926 31,084 49.210 75,99W 115088 LODGING PLACES & PERSONAL SERV. 3,400 5.13B 79892 11029 17.558 BUSINESS & REPAIR SERVICES 1,733 2,979 5.1on 8.365 13,365 AMUSEMENT & RECREATION SERVICES 15) (5) (5) (5) (b) PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS 3.905 4,722 5.762 6,853 8.L60 PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 10.223 17,145 28.644 46,073 72033 GOVERNMENT 68.090 107,241 169.581 259,747 393.195 CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT 65.454 103,837 165,179 254,067 385.034 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 16,601 23.487 33,266 45,215 59.639 STATE & LOCAL GOVERNMENT 48,853 80.351 01,913 208s852 326.195 ARMED FORCES 2.b36 3,404 4.404 5.680 7061 DATA MAY NOT ADD TO HIGHER LEVEL TOTALS BECAUSE OF ROUNDING (D) DELETED TO AVOID D15CLOSURE OF CONFIDENTIAL DATA (5) TOO SMALL TO BE PROJECTED Appendix 3 246 TABLE 3-100 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC TRENDS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 21-3, RESIDUAL NON-SMSA AREA, 1950-1969 21-3 RESIDUAL NON-SMSA AREA POPULATION, EMPLOYMENT, TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME AND EARNINGS BY SELECTED INDUSTRIES9 SELECTED HISTORIC YEARS, 1950 1969 1950 1959 1962 1968 1969 POPULATION, JULY 1 267.723 265is74 272,671 281,569 280,677 PER CAPITA INCOME (1967S) 1,157 1,391 L-637 2,225 2065 PER CAPITA INCOME RELATIVE (US=1.00) .56 .57 .63 .67 .69 TOTAL EMPLOYMENT 939336 91.133 EMPLOYMENT/POPULATION RATIO .35 .35 EARNINGS PER WORKER (L967S) 29826 3,392 EARNINGS PER WORKER RELATIVE(USzI.OO`) .63 .63 IN THOUSANDS OF 1967 S TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME 309,630 369,735 446,311 62693OZ 663.764 TOTAL EARNINGS 263.767 3119147 368,629 489,643 522o288 AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY & FISHERIES 75,596 50,837 60,184 39,080 43,914 AGRICULTURE 759303 50.069 59,580 38.922 43,F74 FORESTRY 6 FISHERIES 297 766 605 159 137 MINING 1,243 1.391 1,956 2.830 21900 METAL 130 0 292 0 COAL (D) (D) (D) ID) (o) CRUDE PETROLEUM & NATURAL GAS (D) (D) (D) (D) ju) NONMETALLIC, EXCEPT FUELS 894 1.391 1,464 2.609 29647 CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION 179281 169781 18.892 30,693 32,363 MANUFACTURING 499251 69,715 78*833 123.285 133,350 FOOD & KINDRED PRODUCTS 2.727 6,147 99328 12.298 131605 TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS 15,627 18.249 14.921 22.198 23,L60 APPAREL & OTHER FABRIC PRODUCTS (D) (D) (D) (D) (u) LUMBER PRODUCTS & FURNITURE 21.022 23,467 23,042 32,893 34,368 PAPER 6 ALLIED PRODUCTS (D) (D) (D) (D) (I)) PRINTING & PUBLISHING 772 1.659 21197 3.033 39348 CHEMICALS & ALLIED PRODUCTS (D) (D) (D) (D) tul PRIMARY METALS 10) (D) (D) (D) (U) FABRICATED METALS 6 ORDNANCE ID) (D) (D) (U) (I)) MACHINERY, EXCLUDING ELECTRICAL (D) (D) (D) W) @ ELECTRICAL MACHINERY & SUPPLIES 6,097 10.609 20,793 23,039 TOTAL MACHINERY (1950 ONLY) 248 MOTOR VEHICLES 6 EQUIPMENT 0 0 0 136 150 TRANS. EQUIP.. EXCL. MTR. VEHS. 0 0 997 1*591 14697 OTHER MANUFACTURING 2,615 5,271 69327 12,884 14,932 TRANS., COMM. 6 PUBLIC UTILITIES 16,243 20,298 23,532 27,931 28*630 RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION 12sI35 11,202 11,128 11.503 119ZO3 TRUCKING 6 WAREHOU51NG 1,392 3,076 3,262 3,423 3*652 OTHER TRANSPORTATION & SERVICES 1.002 736 1-134 1.688 1080 COMMUNICATIONS 999 3.240 4,124 6,686 7.328 UTILITIES (ELEC.,GA5, SANITARY) 718 Zs042 3,882 4o632 49863 WHOLESALE 6 RETAIL TRADE 37,814 47,e57 55.080 67.739 70.411 FINANCE, INSURANCE & REAL ESTATE 4.845 0.827 12-884 17.745 18.925 SERVICES 23,221 32,038 38.502 52,596 55,624 LODGING PLACES & PERSONAL SERV. 3,970 4,123 4,691 8.093 8,215 BUSINESS 6 REPAIR SERVICES 904 2.040 2.851 3,830 3.956 AMUSEMENT 6 RECREATION SERVICES 789 898 10211 1,592 19638 PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS 8,880 10,476 IIoI66 10,140. 9,019 PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 8.675 14,503 18,587 28.940 31,997 GOVERNMENT 38,268 63,403 78066 127,742 136,173 CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT 35.837 57.445 729207 119.990 128.132 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 6,886 14.663 20,937 35,884 399223 STATE & LOCAL GOVERNMENT 28.947 42.781 51t272 84,LO5 899509 ARMED FORCES 2,436 5,955 6,557 7,750 7.442 DATA MAY NOT ADD TO HIGHER LEVEL TOTALS BECAUSE OF ROUNDING 10) DELETED TO AVOID DISCLOSURE OF CONFIDENTIAL DATA Appendix 3 247 TABLE 3-101 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC PROJECTIONS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 21-3, RESIDUAL NON-SMSA AREA, 1980-2020, SERIES C 21-3 RESIDUAL NON-SMSA AREA POPULATION, EMPL" YMENT, TOTAL PERSONAL INCOM E AND EARNINGS BY SELECTED INDUSTRIES, 5 E T 0C D F 0 LEC E PROJE TE Y _AR S. 1900 Z02 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 POPULATION, JULY 1 324 575 364:172 4L7:541 473:8,6,9 532:148 PER CAP ITA INCOME (1967S) 3:400 4 616 6 259 a 11 eZ7 PER CAPITA INCOME RELATIVE (US=1.00) .71 .75 .76 .77 .79 TOTAL EMP LOYMENT 127.001 L43.631 L65,941 189.498 214,531 EMPLOYMENT/POPULATION RATIO .39 .39 .40 .40 .41) EARNING 'PER WORKER (I967S) 6.7 8' 9.0 17 11.9 98 15.837 20.941 EARNINGS PER WOR KER RELATIVE(US-1.00) .72 74 .76 77 79 IN THOUsAND5 OF 1967 5 70TAL PER50NAL INCOME 1,103,624 1.681.161 2.613.519 3,971,293 5,981.326 TOTAL EARNINGS 861,738 1.295,00 1.990.935 3,000.840 4.494.096 AGRI ULTUR E. FORESTRY 6 FISHERIES 45 700 41:611 57 416 74:713 100:1898 AGCICULT URE @5:292 413 56 656 73 690 98 b4 FORESTRY 6 FISHERIES (S) (5) 5) (5) '5) MINING 41580 6.363 9.061 12,768 18,050 METAL (S; I I ,11: C 10 st GAL IG1 10 0 L, CRUDE PETROLEUM & NATURAL GAS I I I I (D) NONMETALLIC.EXCEPT FUELS 4!2)13 5,969 a.i5,98 12. 87 17,D.1 I CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION 5Z,5L9 78.284 119,097 177.513 262.001 MANUFACTURING 211,570 314,054 475:86@ 707:390 1.052:097 FO D&KI DRED PR DUCTS 19 407 25 503 34 006 44 495 11 411 TEOTILE M'ILL PRODOCTS 37:153 53:729 78,781 113.097 l6049 X APPAREL C. UTHER FABRIC PRODUCTS 0' D 0 io, LUMBER PRODUCTS 6 FURNITURE 46, 9.4 61, 639 .3,510 L12.160 152,737 PAPER 6, ALLQD PRODUCT5 (D) ID) (D, IDI ,U, RR INTIMG 6 PUBLISH ING 5,593 8.728 13.703 20..78 31. "1 CHEMICALS & ALLIED PRODUCTS ID! I I (D) ( I Ry :D@ I (D tV PRIMA METALS D ID) 'D@ I FABRICATED MZTALS & ORDNANCE 10) 1) D iol luv@ MAC HINERY. EXCLUDING ELECTRICAL I) (D) (I') ,U) ELECTRICALMACH INERY 6 SUPPLIES 4@,706 70,935 118.206 189,838 302,ZOL MOT ORVEH IC LES & EQUIPMENT (5; (5) (I) (5) ,') TRAN5* ED IPIEXCL. MTR. VE@S. 2, 00 3. 35 1.009 8,066 12,464 OTHER MANUUFA@T UR ING 25,0069 40.2'51 6@' 936 101,182 154.U26 ,TRANS COMM. 4 PUBLIC UTILITIES 42 394 59:356 85:9268 a 177:661 'OAD 7RAN SPORTATION 123:2526 2Z 162 RAIN 0:634 IS 649 11 1 6 20 3 23 TRUCKING &SW4REHOU5ING 5:529 7,722 11.1@7 11 9 22.839 OTHER TR AN PORTATIUN G SERVICE53 2:1 5,403 8.934 14.2.1 2,2.5T4 COMMUNI'ATION5 Ll.4 19 866 31 .994 .9. " 7 293 UTILITIES tELEC..GAS. SANITARY)7.4 10,715 15.769 22.:67 33. 193 WHOLESALE & RETAIL TRADE L31.457 20a-864 322-299 496:790 758:Z787 FINANCE, INSURANCE & REAL ESTATE 31.774 49,179 77.29; Ila 163 177 9 3 SERVICES 9b,048 151 241:848 375873 575:749 L 1:454 3 ODGLNG PLACE 5 6PERSONAL SERV. 14 245 2 45L 32 41):2LD 73 064 8N156 RPARRIICES 7:742 13. 000 21 ':71 35:264 55:6887 US' I.1 3 AMUSE.E E REA ON SERVICES 3 076 916 7,8 3 1 274 1:.610 PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS 13:102 IS,6Z9 I'8977 22. 257 1 3 0 PROFE55IONAL SERVICES 57,083 96, 457 le..374 256.869 10,609 GOVERNMENT 245 695 311:11, 602:092 9L4:372 1:371:010 CIVILIAR GOV ERNMENT 236:712 171333 587 168 895 201 1 347 3.0 FEDERAL Go VLRNMENT 61.020 .'.''5 120209 162.146 212.397 STATE & LO CAL GOVERNMENT 175,692 286.77a 466'79 733,055 1. 134,903 ARMED FORCES 8,903 11,555 14.904 19.171 24.?0 DATA MAY NOT ADD TO HIGHER LEVEL TOTALS BECAUSE OF ROUNDING D@ DELETED TO AVOID 015CL 0SURE 0F CONFIDENTI@L DATA 5 TOO SMALL TO BE PROJECTED ZI-3 Rc,id,.l N.,-SNTSA A- G-chl,nd, Gree ... ille, Powhat- and Susse, C-nti- Population and Total 15c,,o,:l I-ome, Selected ,iet.ric and P-jected Y, - .1950-2020 1950 1959 196Z 1968 1969 198D 1990 2000 2020 P'P'l"ti.o. July 143,600 44,400 45,6oo 44,900 44,700 47,053 54,625 64,718 95,894 Total Pe-n.1 I.- c.-a (In Th ...... da of 1967$) 48,700 49,730 54,528 7Z.690 78,S66 143.417 242,480 418,337 1,162,235 Appendix 3 248 TABLE 3-102 SUB-SEGMENT AND COUNTY BREAKDOWN FOR ECONOMIC AREA 22C - NORFOLK-PORTSMOUTH, VA. 22-1 Newport News-Hampton, Va. SMSA* York, Hampton and Newport News, Virginia 22-2 Norfolk-Portsmouth , Va. SMSA* Chesapeake City, Virginia (Chesapeake, Norfolk and Portsmouth, Virginia) :Virginia Beach, Virginia (Virginia Beach and Princess Anne, Virginia) 22-3 Non-SMSA Area* Gloucester, Virginia Isle of Wight, Virginia James City and Williamsburg, Virginia Mathews, Virginia Middlesex, Virginia Nansemond and Suffolk, Virginia Southampton and Franklin, Virginia Surry, Virginia 22-4 Residual Non-SMSA Area Bertie, North Carolina Camden, North Carolina Chowan, North Carolina Currituck, North Carolina Gates, North Carolina Hertford, North Carolina Pasquotank, North Carolina Perquimans, North Carolina *Included in Estuary Area as defined. Appendix 3 249 *UTICA 0 NO WICK ALBANY* 041,ZA TON P't- N, Wt.- S RANTON (@-----A-@,-LzLL.AMSPP0RT6 ILKE BA LIM* m.- L I ...... UDSBURG - X. PUNXSUTAWNEjY 1.yd y1h,11 I Ifli. Uhqh ALTOO -,@P- ouphi@ R .... C.-flWd Fdb LANCASTE SOMERSET 0 Y.,k Ch.lt,r ........... I Ag- , 0 @,. . d I @-, I 0. PA YORK y MD -IMCU "Y" I I F,.Wkk Au_. .Z/ B.0 lb-.111111 BALTI-6 0 CLARKSBURG .-d - VINICHE E H.,dy ..d... A- MC 5N-dwh N, D. hm I 6 % % DEL hdmjh.@ I L % SIM % AIAHA STALIN", -OW /111@c RN 0. A.VILLJ ...... VA 1 A it NORFOLK- NewMport ews - ampton, a N Norfolk - Portsmouth, Va. SMSA* Non@SMSA Area* Residual Non-SMSA Area *Included in Estuary Area atedefined U FIGURE 3-27 Appendix 3 250 TABLE 3-103 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC TRENDS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 22. - NORFOLK-PORTSMOUTH, VA., 1950-1969 ECONOMIC AREA 22 NORFOLK-POkT5MOUTH, VIRGINIA POPULATION, EMPLOYMENT. TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME AND EARNINGS BY SELECTED INDUSTRIES- SELECTED HISTORIC YEARS. 1950 1969 1950 1959 1962 1968 1969 POPULATION, JULY 1 838#391 1,050,089 1,138:351 1.194:41Z 1,21::645 PER CAPITA INCOME (1967S) 1,848 1,970 2 110 2,884 953 PER CAPITA INCOME RELATIVE (US=1.00) .90 .81 .82 .87 .86 TOTAL EMPLOYMENT 342.303 404,307 EMPLOYMENT/POPULATION RATIO .41 .39 EARNINGS PER WORKER (1961S) 3.961 4.456 EARNINGS PER WORKER RELATIVE(US=1.00) .88 .83 IN THOUSANDS OF 1967 S TOTAL PER50NAL INCOME 1.548,989 2,068,616 2.402,417 3s444,736 3.598,846 TOTAL EARNINGS L,355.802 1,801.410 2,078,901 2,997,231 3,126.099 AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY FISHERIES 104.374 68,160 86,481 63,548 75,L2O AGRICULTURE 96.627 62.104 82-115 609195 72087 FORESTRY & FISHERIES 7,743 6.057 4,364 3,354 2,533 MINING 1.169 766 476 372 W56 METAL 40 0 21 0 0 COAL 91 0 11 17 23 CRUDE PETROLEUM & NATURAL GAS 0 0 0 2 1 NONMETALLIC, EXCEPT FUELS 1.037 766 444 353 Z32 CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION 54.801 100.737 118,145 141,047 1699662 MANUFACTURING 168.575 280.243 348.849 468.088 468,891 FOOD b KINDRED PRODUCTS 25,244 39,069. 41,058 49,765 50,305 TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS 3.166 2,025 3.549 79126 8017 APPAREL 6 OTHER FABRIC PRODUCTS 3.388 3.98a 5.355 11.627 10.389 LUMBER PRODUCTS G FURNITURE 30.877 27.012 25.725 33.752 36098 PAPER G ALLIED PRODUCTS 6.991 12.734 13.742 l8o834 19*738 PRINTING G PUBL15HING 8.023 13,842 14,029 19,239 19,991 CHEMICALS &,ALLIED PRODUCTS 13.213 14,701 17,347 24s601 Z6,091 PETROLEUM REFINING 0 3,362 2,850 3.751 3,659 PRIMARY METALS 39421 756 2,19r, 4,037 4,580 FABRICATED METALS & ORDNANCE 2,707 6.413 6.769 St377, 9,121 MACHINERY, EXCLUDING ELECTRICAL 3,211 51933 7,597 79598 ELECTRICAL MACHINERY & SUPPLIES 743 1.795 14973L 15s"95 TOTAL MACHINERY (1950 ONLY) 11899 MOTOR VEHICLES & EQUIPMENT 10.432 12,367 13,616 37.268 319761 TRANS. EQUIP., EXCL. MTR. VEHS. 49.623 125.372 179,782 204,678 2oo,ool OTHER MANUFACTURING 9.589 14,648 15,105 22.706 24,251 .TRANS., COMM. & PUBLIC UTILITIES 77,338 108,487 114,828 143#264 1489(63 RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION 38.689 34,722 34-514 33,096 32.05 TRUCKING G WAREHOUSING 6.968 16,038 169873 26,837 28036 OTHER TRANSPORTATION & SERVICES 19.045 24,787 28,034 39,004 40083 COMMUNICATIONS 11.624 19.813 22.157 28.995 31,U49 UTILITIES MLEC..GA5. SANITARY) 1.012 13.129 13,249 15,338 L6,440 WHOLESALE 6 RETAIL TRADE 210.354 266.917 290.667 379,042 3969382 FINANCE, INSURANCE & REAL ESTATE 28.238 54.301 64,186 85.792 899112 SERVICES 107.952 161,929 196.971 309,650 329.L26 LODGING PLACES & PERSONAL SERV. 20,155 28,895 299355 559079 55,696 BUSINESS & REPAIR SERVICES 7,134 13.513 18.984 44s949 50026 AMUSEMENT G RECREATION SERVICES 6.456 7.466 7,460 9,546 9,466 PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS 33.058 34.322 36o8O9 32,682 31,648 PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 41.150 77.730 1049362 1679398 182.294 GOVERNMENT 603,000 759,869 858,297 1,4009428 19448*189 CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT 291.527 373,669 467,109 766,701 802068 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 246.566 273,084 331-928 549,694 50,385 STATE & LOCAL GOVERNMENT 44.962 100.585 135,18o 217,008 2399581 ARMED FORCES 311.471 386.200 3910188 633.727 645od23 DATA MAY NOT ADD TO HIGHER LEVEL TOTALS BECAUSE OF ROUNDING Appendix 3 251 TABLE 3-104 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC PROJECTIONS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 22, NORFOLK-PORTSMOUTH, VA., 1980-2020, SERIES C ECONOMIC AREA 22 NORFOLK-PORTSMOUTH, VIRGINIA POPULATIUN- EMPLOYMENT; TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME AND EARNINGS BY SELECTED INUUSTRIESi SELECTED PROJECTED YEARS, 1980 2020 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 POPULATION. JULY 1 1,327.915 1,424.255 1,549.150 19671,668 1,785,128 PER CAPITA INCOME (1967s) 4,211 5.606 7.46,,4 99834 12998s PER CAPITA INCOME RLLATIVE (US=1.00) .88 .91 .90 .90 .91 TOTAL EMPLOYMENT 543.688 580,339 629.568 677,517 723.426 EMPLOYMENT/POPULATION RATIO .41 .41 .41 .41 .41 EARNINGS PER WORKER (1967S) 8,486 11.151 14.65t, 199112 24.978 EARNINGS PER WORKER RELATIVEWS21.00) .90 .92 .93 .93 .94 IN THOUSANDS OF 1967 S TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME 5.591,518 T.984.022 -11,560.979 16.439,407 23,193.472 TOTAL EARNINGS 4.613s983 6,471.156 9.226,893 12,949,001 18,069.087 AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY 6 FISHERIES 77s545 85,276 101.023 131.146 174-91%5 AGRICULTURE 72.347 78,748 92.693 120.560 1610@3 FORESTRY & FISHERIES 51199 6,528 8,33a 10,586 13si!22 MINING is) is) (5) (5) 00 METAL (5) is) is) (5) (5) COAL (5) is) is) (5) 05) CRUDE PETROLEUM & NATURAL GAS is) is) is) (5) (5) NONMETALLIC- EXCEPT FUELS (5) (51 (5) (51 CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION 244.042 346,020 497,802 704,446 986009 MANUFACTURING 701,010 97l.o5b 1.392.224 1.975,514 2,821039 FOOD & KINDRED PRODUCTS 63049 77,454 95.657 .116,906 143,955 TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS 13.116 18.273 25.845 35.814 50.021 APPAREL 6 OTHER FABRIC PRODUCTS 16.800 24,222 35056 51,353 74032 LUMBER PRODUCTS 6 FURNITURE 49,886 639917 84,548 111.140 148.201 PAPER & ALLIED PRODUCTS 31.555 46.853 71.336 106.660 159060 PRINTING PUBLISHING 29,795 42.889 62.413 89,142 1271f42 CHEMICALS ALLIED PRODUCTS 43,351 65,527 100.95a 1529425 228.947 PETROLEUM REFINING 41660 5.772 7,324 9,165 IW60 PRIMARY METALS 6.819 9.585 13,79s 19,238 26.808 FABRICATED METALS 6 ORDNANCE 17.435 28,944 49oO9;- 80,677 130,424 MACHINERY. EXCLUDING ELECTRICAL 14.610 25.472 44.793 75,529 125096 ELECTRICAL MACHINERY 6 SUPPLIES 28,983 47.914 79.27;. 127.123 200,485 MOTOR VEHICLES 6 EQUIPMENT 27,921 36.314 49.27*4 65.777 88.917 TRANS. EQUIP.. EXCL. MTR. VEH5. 312.862 416,778 580,002 795.403 1,095,408 OTHER MANUFACTURING 39.671 59*943 92.169 139.163 209,475 TRANS.. COMM. & PUBLIC UTILITIES 207,859 281,603 391.073 539.681 745.900 RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION 38,126 40.839 43.732 45,481 47,452 TRUCKING 6 WAREHOUSING 41,081 59,112 86*386 124.774 178.1383 OTHER TRANSPORTATION & SERVICES 599643 82,401 115,737 160,405 221,497 COMMUNICATIONS 45,303 66.024 97.454 141,343 202,888 UTILITIES (ELEC..GA5. SANITARY) 23,705 33@,227 47,764 67,678 95,481 WHOLESALE 6 RETAIL TRADE 616,673 888.201 10031204 1,874,005 2,6729451 FINANCE, INSURANCE & REAL ESTATE 137,800 199,886 295.325 4279494 6130551 SERVICES 544,981 830.zls 1.270,789 1.895,739 2,777,Z77 LODGING PLACES & PERSONAL SERV. 83,917 114*881 160.11S 219,986 3009992 BUSINESS & REPAIR SERVICES 84,131 132,191 208-098 316.130 469,460 AMUSEMENT & RECREATION SERVICES 15,482 22,169 32,116 45,596 64.098 PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS 38.203 42,816 48.349 53.800 60062 PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 323.249 518.161 822,108 192609227 1,8829365 GOVERNMENT 2.083,723 2.867,680 3,974,919 5,400.338 7.277.108 CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT 112909713 1,838.793 2,638.108 3,670,463 59029,854 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 838,287 1,112.265 1,487,198 L9918.317 2.409,601 STATE & LOCAL GOVERNMENT 452,426 726.528 1*150.909 1.7529146 2.620.03 ARMED FORCES 793.010 1.028,887 1,336,811 1.729,875 2.247,254 DATA MAY NOT ADD TO HIGHER LEVEL TOTALS BECAUSE OF ROUNDING (5) TOO SMALL TO BE PROJECTED Appendix 3 252 TAB,LE 3-105 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC TRENDS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 22-1, NEWPORT NEWS-HAMPTON, VA. SMSA, 195&-1969 22-1 NEWPORT NEWS-HAMPTON, VIRGINIA SMSA POPULATION, EMPLOYMENT. TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME AND EARNINGA BY SELECTED INDUSTRIES. SELECTED HISTORIC YEARS, 1950 1969 1950 1959 1962 1968 1969 POPULATION, JULY 1 154,805 223,600 245.840 2879669 291,383 PER CAPITA INCOME (1967$) 1.891 2,346 2#528 3,073 3,154 PER CAPITA INCOME RELATIVE (US=1.00) .92 .96 .98 .93 .92 TOTAL EMPLOYMENT 60,891 88,202 EMPLOYMENT/POPULATION RATIO .39 09 EARNINGS PER WORKER (1967S) 4,190 5,191 EARNINGS PER WORKER RELATIVE([email protected]) .93 .97 IN THOUSANDS OF 1967 S TOTAL PER50NAL INCOME 292.788 524.630 621,398 883,885 918,695 TOTAL EARNINGS 255,117 457.886 538.527 783.820 811*578 AGRICULTURE. FORESTRY & FISHERIES 3.984 2.585 2.339 1,937 2.069 AGRICULTURE 2.102 1.409 1.578 1.232 L.633 FORESTRY 6 FISHERIES 1.882 1.176 761 705 436 MINING 25 51 41 54 57 NONMETALLIC. EXCEPT FUELS 25 51 41 54 57 CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION 12.228 30,133 26-56q 37.373 39,632 MANUFACTURING 51.669 133,680 186,023 2249866 2179"1 FOOD & KINDRED PRODUCTS 20560 4.059 4.713 5#848 5,123 TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS (D) (D) qD) (D) (0) APPAREL & OTHER FABRIC PRODUCTS 458 538 912 2,423 29567 LUMBER PRODUCTS & FURNITURE 1,176 1,249 1-013 2,674 2021 PAPER & ALLIED PRODUCTS (D) (D) (D) (D) PRINTING & PUBLISHING (D) (D) (D) iD) CHEMICALS & ALLIED PRODUCTS (D) (D) (D) (01 PETROLEUM REFINING 0) It)) il)) iD) IV) PRIMARY METALS (D) (D) (D) (D) (u) FABRICATED METALS & ORDNANCE (D) (D) (D) (D) (0) MACHINERY, EXCLUDING ELECTRICAL (D) (D) (D) lu) ELECTRICAL MACHINERY & SUPPLIES (D) (0) (D) (0) T07AL MACHINERY (1950 ONLY) 91 MOTOR VEHICLES & EuUiPMENT 166 70 84 15.304 13,473 TRANS. EQUIP.. EXCL. MTR. VEHS. 43,617 111,745 162.243 176.775 171,502 OTHER MANUFACTURING 5,561 4.489 4-826 6.737 6,590 TRANS., COMM. & PUBLIC UTILITIES 13,596 20,679 22.756 25.447 26,258 RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION 7.198 8,620 8,591 6,966 6.Z66 TRUCKING 6 WAREHOUSING 958 1.771 1,938 3,396 2,147 OTHER TRANSPORTATION & SERVICES 3,105 2,95o 3.933 5,184 6073 COMMUNICATIONS 2.335 3,984 5.147 6,454 7,003 UTILITIES (ELEC-GAS. SANITARY) 0 3,354 3,146 3.447 3.670 WHOLESALE & RETAIL TRADE 36,534 49,707 55,243 74,523 78,116 FINANCE. INSURANCE 6 REAL ESTATE 6.066 11,188 13,772 20030 20,433 SERVICES 22.053 36,689 46,192 74,525 80,132 LODGING PLACES & PERSONAL SERV. 3.777 6,165 51985 10,746 10,978 BUSINESS REPAIR SERVICES 1,31B 3,625 5-116 12,767 159499 AMUSEMENT RECREATION SERVICES 994 1.309 1,639 2,327 2,055 PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS 6 378 7:685 8:542 6:952 6:02 PRUFESSIONAL SERVICES 9:587 17 885 24 909 41 733 45 468 GOVERNMENT 102,962 173,174 185.592 325.064 346,699 CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT 49,162 84,706 106*656 178.571 185,668 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 46,269 61,887 809351 136,945 1399427 STATE & LOCAL GOVERNMENT 2,892 22,819 26,304 41,626 46.241 ARMED FORCES 53.800 8t$,4b9 78,936 146,49.1 161901 DATA MAY NOT ADD TO HIGHER LEVEL TOTALS BECAUSE OF ROUNUING (D) DELETED TO AVOID DISCLOSURE OF CONFIDENTIAL DATA Appendix 3 253 TABLE 3-106 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC PROJECTIONS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 22-1, NEWPORT NEWS-HAMPTON, VA. SMSA, 1980-2020, SERIES C 22-1 NEWPORT NEWS-HAMPTON, VIRGINIA SM5A PUPULATION9 EMPLOYMENT, TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME AND EARNINGs BY SELECTED INDUSTRIES, SELECTED PROJECTED YEARS, 1980 2020 1900 1990 2000 2010 2020 POPULATION, JULY 1 3309761 362,568 4019614 439.811 475,114 PER CAPITA INCOME (1967s) 1 4,576 6,021 7.939 10.380 131628 PER CAPITA INCOME RELATIVE [email protected]) .96 .98 .96 .95 .96 TOTAL EMPLOYMENT 127,868 140.567 156.258 171,491 185,856 EMPLOYMENT/POPULATION RATIO .39 .39 .39 .39 .39 EARNINGS PER WORKER (1967S) 9.571 12.312 15,926 209512 26,57a EARNINGS PER WORKER RELATIVE(USzI.OO) 1.02 1.01 1.01 1.00 1.00 IN THOUSANDS OF 1967 5 TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME 1.513.404 29183.063 3.188,383 4,565.369 6.475,062 TOTAL EARNINGS 1,2Z3,828 1.730,609 2.488.542 3.517,658 4,939.669 AGRICULTURE. FORESTRY & FISHERIES 2,522 Z.869 3,551 49593 5.966 AGRICULTURE 1,374 1.401 1.649 2vI44 2,876 FORESTRY & FISHERIES 1,148 1.468 11903 2.449 3090 MINING (5) (5) (5) (5) 15) NONMETALLIC, EXCEPT FUELS (5) is) (5) (5) (5) CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION 68.678 101-470 151,280 220,850 317.857 MANUFACTURING 329,990 446.205 622.316 859.263 1*190.765 FOOD & KINDRED PRODUCTS B,134 10.431 13.422 16.939 21,361 TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS (0) (D) (D) (D) (u) APPAREL 6 OTHER FABRIC PRODUCTS 3,584 5,260 79882 11,452 16.725 LUMBER PRODUCTS & FURNITURE 4.355 5.830 7.998 10,828 14,776 PAPER 6 ALLIED PRODUCTS (D) (D) (D) (D) (U) PRINTING & PUBLISHING (D) (D) (D) (0) (u) CHEMICALS & ALLIED PRODUCTS (0) (D) (D) (D) (u) PETROLEUM REFINING (D) (D) fDj (u) V? PRIMARY METALS W) (D) (D) 10 (0) FABRICATED METALS & ORDNANCE ID) (D) (D) (0) (U) MACHINERY9 EXCLUDING ELECTRICAL (D) (D) (D) (D) (U) ELECTRICAL MACHINERY & SUPPLIES (D) (D) (D) 10) (V) MOTOR VEHICLES & EQUIPMENT (5) (5) is) is) (b) TRANS. EQUIP., EXCL. MTR. VEHS. 279,705 375,440 521,169 716.018 987,458 OTHER MANUFACTURING 10.658 15,212 22,22o 32,120 46.680 TRANS., COMM. & PUBLIC UTILITIES 38,669 53,23a 74.677 1039581 143,469 RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION 9,023 10,206 11.412 12.276 13.08 TRUCKING & WAREHOUSING 41702 6.775 91903 14,286 20,429 OTHER TRANSPORTATION & SERVICES 9.045 12.962 18.759 26.625 37.427 COMMUNICATIONS 10.435 L5.484 23.187 34.005 49,204 UTILITIES (ELEC..GAS. SANITARY) 5,463 7.811 119416 16.389 23.351 WHOLESALE 6 RETAIL TRADE 132.834 202,904 313-348 471,198 698.636 FINANCE, INSURANCE & REAL ESTATE 34.770 52.807 80,999 1209791 177,Z97 SERVICES 138,079 211,684 342,88o 523.768 782.378 LODGING PLACES & PERSONAL SERV. 17,263 24.378 34.862 48.889 67.932 BU51NESS & REPAIR SERVICES 24,543 39,295 62sB44 96,688 144.969 AMUSEMENT & RECREATION SERVICES 49072 6,110 9sl9B 139461 19,361 PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS 8,465 9,7Z3 11.204 12.671 14.@@92 PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 83.737 138.177 224.772 3529060 5359 f24 GOVERNMENT 478,238 653,368 899,408 1,213,508 1.623ti6O CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT 295.089 416.140 591,621 815,687 1,106,611 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 208.578 276,254 368,808 475,131 596,331 STATE 6 LOCAL GOVERNMENT 86,510 139,886 222,813 340,555 510.480 ARMED FORCES 183,149 237,228 3079787 397,822 516,349 DATA MAY NOT ADD TO HIGHER LEVEL TOTAL$ BECAUSE OF ROUNDING (D) DELETED'70 AVOID DISCLOSURE OF CONFIDENTIAL DATA (5) TOO SMALL TO BE PROJECTED Appendix 3 254 TABLE 3-107 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC TRENDS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 22-2, NORFOLK-PORTSMOUTH, VA. SMSA, 1950-1969 22-2 NORFOLK-PORTSMOUTH, VIRGINIA 5M5A POPULATION, EMPLOYMENT, TOTAL PER50NAL INCOME AND EARNINGS By SELECTED INDUSTRIES, SELECTED HISTORIC YEARS, 1950 -1969 1950 1959 1962 1968 1969 POPULATION, JULY 1 445.706 576.182 632.289 646,057 667,188 PER CAPITA INCOME (1967$) 2.161 2,075 21172 3.101 3.103 PER CAPITA INCOME RELATIVE (US=L.00) 1.05 .85 .84 .93 .90 TOTAL EMPLOYMENT 199,271 231.430 EMPLOYMENT/POPULATION RATIO .45 .40 EARNINGS PER WORKER (1967S) 4.252 4,540 EARNINGS PER WORKER RLLATIVE(US=1.001 .94 .85 IN THOUSANDS OF 1967 S TOTAL PER50NAL INCOME 963,281 1,195.328 1,373,322 2.003*658 2,070,131 TOTAL EARNING 5 847,344 1,050.639 1.201,705 1.773,135 1,829,522 AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY FISHERIES 10.496 9.067 11,427 8*393 8049 AGRICULTURE 9,763 8,834 11-287 8,275 S,r4g FORESTRY & FISHERIES 733 234 140 Ila LOD MINING ED) ED) ED) ED) qu) METAL 40 0 21 0 0 COAL 91 0 ll 17 23 CRUDE PETROLEUM & NATURAL GAS 0 0 0 2 1 NONMETALLIC, EXCEPT FUELS ED) ED) ED) (W (U) CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION 34,034 59,706 79,649 9o*672 97006 MANUFACTURING 66.594 79.952 97,074 140,866 138,839 FOOD & KINDRED PRODUCTS ED) ED) ED) ED) (u) TEXTILE MILL PRODUCJS ED) (0) ED) (0) (1)) APPAREL & OTHER FABRIC PRODUCTS ED) ED) ED) ED) (I)) LUMBER PRODUCTS & FURNITURE 7.264 5,966 9.020 l2o280 139330 PAPER 6 ALLIED PRODUCTS ED) ED) (D) ED) (U) PRINTING PUBLISHING ED) ED) ED) (1)) (0) CHEMICALS ALLIED PRODUCTS ED) ED) ED) ED) (u) PETROLEUM REFINING WE ED) ED) ED) ED) PRIMARY METALS ED) ED) ED) ED) (u) FABRICATED METALS & ORDNANCE ED) ED) ED) (D) (u) MACHINERY, EXCLUDING ELECTRICAL ED) ED) ED) (I)) ELECTRICAL MACHINERY & SUPPLIES (U) ED) 1W (D) TOTAL MACHINERY (1950 ONLY) 1,219 MOTOR VEHICLES & EQUIPMENT 10,237 12.253 13.452 21,716 17,971 TRANS. EQUIP.. EXCL. MTR. VEH5. 5,189 8.168 14,255 26,595 26,635 OTHER MANUFACTURING 3,189 8.473 .99036 139668 159346 TRANS., COMM. & PUBLIC UTILITIES 58,003 80.961 82.574 105.057 108,663 RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION 28,412 23.300 23.237 23,494 239281 TRUCKING 6 WAREHOUSING 5,299 12.955 13.239 209446 22s930 OTHER TRANSPORTATION & SERVICES 15.602 21,577 23.718 33.291 33.451 COMMUNICATI-ONS 7.974 13,641 14,381 18.383 19.579 UTILITIES (ELEC..GAS. SANITARY) 717 9,489 7.999 91444 10.122 WHOLESALE 6 RETAIL TRADE 131,646 167,820 1829483 236..527 250tl3l FINANCE. INSURANCE & REAL ESTATE ED) ED) ED) (0) (1)) SERVICES 66,088 95,449 115*481 181,206 192013 LODGING PLACES 6 PERSONAL 5ERV. 14.047 18,281 19,838 28,891 29l421 BUSINESS & REPAIR SERVICES 5,061 8,649 12.473 28*406 30,447 AMUSEMENT 6 RECREATION SERVICES 4.834 5,807 5,408 6,251 6,569 PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS 19.217 L6,781 17,708 16.551 169027 PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 22,930 45.932 60,057 1019107 110,L49 GOVERNMENT 461.816 522,185 595,487 953,626 9739461 CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT 212,209 233,058 291.578 477,380 4999641 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 192.927 191.352 236,71a 38B,219 398,870 STATE & LOCAL GOVERNMENT 19,283 419706 54,859 899162 1009770 ARMED FORCES 249.607 289*127 303,91o 476,246 4739021 DATA MAY NOT ADD TO HIGHER LEVEL TOTALS BECAUSE OF ROUNDING (0) DELETED TO AVOID DISCLOSURE OF CONFIDENTIAL DATA Appendix 3 255 TABLE 3-108 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC PROJECTIONS.FOR ECONOMIC AREA 22-2, NORFOLK-PORTSMOUTH, VA. SMSA, 1980-2020, SERIES C 22-2 NORFOLK-PURTSMOUTH, VIRGINIA SMSA POPULATION. EMPLOYMENT; !07AL PERSONAL INCOME AND EARNINGS BY SELECTED INDUSTRIES9 SELECTE PROJECTED YEARS. 1980 2020 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 POPULATION, JULY 1 719.335 769.792 835,654 900,305 960,476 PER CAPITA INCOME (1967s) 4.438 5,865 1.761 10,17@ 13,389 PER CAPITA INCOME RELATIVE (US=1.00) .93 .95 .94 .93 .94 TOTAL EMPLOYMENT 306,688 325.342 351.057 376,117 400,413 EMPLOYMENT/POPULATION RATIO .43 .42 .42 .42 .42 EARNINGS PER WORKER (1967S) 89720 11.418 14,917 19006 25,006 EARNINGS PER WORKER RELATIVE(US=1.00) .93 .94 .94 .94 .94 IN THOUSANDS OF 1967 $ TOTAL PER50NAL INCOME 3,192,222 4.514,647 6,485.396 9,161.443 12,860,173 TOTAL EARNINGS 2.674,404 3.714.839 5,236.870 7.261.375 10,007.832 AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY FISHERIES 10,763 io'999 12.958 16,838 22,555 AGRICULTURE 10,623 1091329 12,747 16,579 22,Z40 FORESTRY & F15HERIES is) (5) is) is) (5) MINING (D) (D) (D) (0) (U) METAL (5) (5) (S) (5) (b) COAL IS) is) (5) (5) (b) CRUDE PETROLEUM & NATURAL GAS is) (S@ (5) (5) (5) NONMETALLIC, EXCEPT FUELS (DI (W (D) (D) W) CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION, 151.091 212,592 303,508 4269294 592,741 MANUFACTURING 207,114 290,854 423,539 610,562 888,650 FOOD & KINDRED PRODUCTS (D) (D) (D) (0) (0) TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS (DI (D) (D) (D) it)) APPAREL & OTHER FABRIC PRODUCTS (D) (D) (D) (D) (U) LUMBER PRODUCTS & FURNITURE 18,510 24,267 329733 43*738 590099 PAPER 6 ALLIED PRODUCTS (DI (0) (0) (D) (D) PRINTING PUBLISHING (D) (D) (D) (D) W) CHEMICALS ALLIED PRODUCTS (D) (D) (0) (D) (u) PETROLEUM REFINING (D) (D) (D) (D) W) PRIMARY METALS (D) (D) (D) (D) (01 FABRICATED METALS 6 ORDNANCE (D) (D) (D) (D) (I)) MACHINERY, EXCLUDING ELECTRICAL (D) (D) (D) (D) 401 ELECTRICAL MACHINERY 6 SUPPLIES (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) MOTOR VEHICLES & EQUIPMENT 27,628 35.930 48,741 65.059 87.935 TRANS. EQUIP., EXCL. mTR. VEHS. 31.441 41.242 '56,119 75,834 L03,Z24 OTHER MANUFACTURING 24,960 38.711 609769 93.256 1419986 TRANS., COMM. & PUBLIC UTILITIES 149,456 199,950 Z74.65o 375,508 514,997 RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION 25.871 27.062 28.371 28,954 29,532 TRUCKING & WAREHOUSING 31,436 44,725 64,674 92,489 131,371 OTHER TRANSPORTATION & SERVICES 499982 68,625 95.86o 132,312 1829108 COMMUNICATIONS 27.714 39.436 57.02,4 81.306 115,161 UTILITIES (ELEC.,GA59 SANITARY) 149453 20,101 28,701 40,446 56025 WHOLESALE & RETAIL TRADE 3759851 533.741 772,731 1,097*463 1,5479390 FINANCE. INSURANCE & REAL ESTATE (D) (D) W) (0) (u) SERVICES 318.834 486,091 744,669 1,111.701 1.629.373 LODGING PLACES 6 PERSONAL SERV. 41,295 54,059 72,411 969190 128*148 BUSINESS & REPAIR SERVICES 52,292 81,166 126,436 1909414 280.878 AMUSEMENT 6 RECREATION SERVICES 9.996 14,033 19,986 27,973 38,597 19,049 21,110 23,615 26,075 29,079 PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 196,202 315.722 502.222 771,049 1,152071 GOVERNMENT 1,371,928 1,852,976 29518.701 3,356,534 4,434.f98 CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT 777.778 1,083,387 1.520,212 2,065,961 297579fl4 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 596,694 794,932 1.066,524 1.379.570 1,736,754 STATE b LOCAL GOVERNMENT 181,084 288,455 453.68a 686,391 1.020,960 ARMED FORCES 594.151 769.58s 998.489 1,290,573 1,675,085 DATA MAY NOT ADD TO HIGHER LEVEL TOTALS BECAUSE OF ROUNDING iDl DELETED TO AVOID DISCLOSURE OF CONFIDENTIAL DATA is) TOO SMALL TO BE PROJECTED Appendix 3 256 TABLE 3-109 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC TRENDS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 22-3, VIRGINIA NON-SMSA AMA, 1950-196.9 22-3 VIRGINIA NON-SMSA AREA POPULATION* EMPLOYMENT, TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME AND,EARNINGs BY SELECTED INOUSTRIES9 SELECTED HISTORIC YEARS, 1950 1969 1950 1959 1962. 1968 1969 POPULATION, JULY 1 122.348 137.728 144.945 149,035 149tU42 PER CAPIT 4 INCOME (1967S) 1,332 1.545 1.696 2,370 2,586 PER CAPITA INCOME RELATIVE (US=1.001 .65 .63 .66 .71 .75 TOTAL EMPLOYMENT 42*708 47.918 EMPLOYMENT/POPULATION RATIO .35 .35 EARNINGS PER WORKER (1967S) 3,296 3.696 EARNINGS PER WURKER RELATIVE(US=1.00) .73 .69 IN THOUSANDS OF 1967 5 TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME 162,934 212.753 245,806 353,163 385,467 TOTAL EARNINGS 140.779 177,116 202,724 277.641 304903 AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY 6 FISHERIES 45,475 21.736 27,855 19,365 22,180 AGRICULTURE 40:905 17:834 24:963 17:141 20:455 FORESTRY & FISHERIES 4 568 3 901 2 89o 2 224 1 124 MINING (D) (D) (D) (D) (01 NONMETALLIC. EXCEPT FUELS (D) (D) (D) ID) (I)) CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION 5,415 81004 8.865 139352 241@03 MANUFACTURING 26,377 45,979 44.470 73,107 80,104 .FOOD & KINDRED PRODUCTS 7,992 19,813 18933a 24,023 24,130 TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS (D@ (D) (0) (D) APPAREL & OTHER FABRIC PRODUCTS (0) (D) (D) (D) LUMBER PRODUCTS & FURNITURE 10.172 10.122 6.136 6,302 7.626 PAPER & ALLIED PRODUCTS 5,879 11,266 12'019 16.852 17,858 PRINTING 6 PUBLISHING 564 1,035 502 1,018 1.123 CHEMICALS & ALLIED PRODUCTS 191 688 4.504 9.802 10,846 PRIMARY METALS (D) ID) (D) (D) 101 FABRICATED METALS & ORDNANCE (D) (D) (D) (D) qu) MACHINERY, EXCLUDING ELECTRICAL ID) (D) (D) tul ELECTRICAL MACHINERY & SUPPLIES 0 0 10,407 12,609 TOTAL MACHINERY (1950 ONLY) 401 MOTOR VEHICLES & EGUIPMENT 29 44 49 148 L78 TRANS. EUUIP.. EXCL. MTR. VEHS. 313 637 481 551 531 OTHER MANUFACTURING (D) (D) W) (D) (U) TRANS., COMM. & PUBLIC UTILITIES 3,605 4.600 6083 8.333 8,836 RAILROAD TRAN5PURTATION 2.114 2.028 1.999 1.959 1.912 TRUCKING & WAREHOUSING 525 888 1,243 2,056 2.L74 OTHER TRANSPORTATION & SERVICES 180 220 225 431 443 COMMUNICATIONS 708 1,249 1.36o 29198 2,356 UTILITIES (ELEC-GAS. SANITARY) 70 216 11557 1.692 1.951 WHOLESALE & RETAIL TRADE Z4.900 29,033 31,987 41,669 40,976 FINANCE. INSURANCE & REAL ESTATE (D) (D) (D) (D) (U) SERVICES 12,092 18,952 23,092 36,541 37,425 LODGING PLACES & PERSONAL SERV. 1.434 31442 2,452 13,263 12,966 BUSINESS & REPAIR SERVICES 317 545 788 2.103 Z'398 AMUSEMENT & RECREATION SERVICES 379 202 246 609 543 PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS 4,469 5,859 6,293 5.438 5.Z64 PROFES51ONAL SERVICES 5.491 B.899 13.31c) 15.134 l6sZ54 GOVERNMENT 19,610 42,738 49,679 80,270 85,356 CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT 18,184 38,076 45.202 741480 799415 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 2.867 15,240 99012 15,685 159540 STATE 6 LOCAL GOVERNMENT 15,316 22,tl34 36,191 58.79F 63,b76 ARMED FORCES 1,423 4,662 4,477 5,788 5,941 DATA MAY NOT ADD TO HIGHER LEVEL TOTALS BECAUSE OF ROUNDING (D) DELETED TO AVOID D15CLOSURE OF CONFIDENTIAL DATA Appendix 3 257 TABLE 3-110 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC PROJECTIONS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 22-3, VIRGINIA NON-SMSA AREA, 1980-2020, SERIES C 22-3 VIRGINIA NON-SMSA AREA POPULATION. EMPLOYMENT. TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME AND EARNINGS BY SELECTED INDUSTRIES. SELECTED PROJECTED YEARS. 1980 2020 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 POPULATI07; JULYMI 165,972 177.413 192.414 207:127 220 851 PER CAPI INCO E (1967s) 39380 4s625 69310 8 475 11:355 PER CAPITA INLUME RELATIVE (US=1.00) .71 .75 .76 .78 .80 TOTAL EMPLOYMENT 64.030 68.177 73-815 79,314 849590 EMPLOYMENT/POPULATION RATIO .39 .38 .3a .38 .38 EARNINGS PER WORKER (1967$1 7,050 9,586 13*073 17,648 23.856 EARNINGS PER WORKER RELATIVE(US=1.00) .75 .79 .83 .86 .90 IN THOUSANDS OF 1967 6 TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME 560,961 820,608 1,2149072 1,755.474 Z,507.657 TOTAL EARNINGS 451,394 653.566 964s977 1,399,718 2.018.020 AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY & FISHERIES 209292 21.285 25.492 32o996 43,610 AGRICULTURE 16,819 16.919 19.91@, 25,903 34.746 FORESTRY & FISHERIES 3.473 4.367 5.577 7,093 8.064 MINING (D) (D) (D) (D) 4U) NONMETALLIC. EXCEPT FUELS ID) (D) (D) (D) (u) CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION 15,130 19.484 25.69o 33083 43,740 MANUFACTURING IL7,209 169,278 251,125 368.376 541,912 FOOD & KINDRED PRODUCTS 31,691 39,422 49.519 61,350 76.327 TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS (D) (D) (D) (0) (0) APPAREL & OTHER FABRIC PRODUCTS (D) (D) (D) (D) (u) LUMBER PRODUCTS 6 FURNITURE 8.695 10,642 13.515 17,163 229485 PAPER & ALLIED PRODUCTS 28.093 41.485 62.746 93,082 137032 PRINTING & PUBL15HING 19620 2.437 3,682 5,413 7,925 CHEMICALS & ALLIED PRODUCTS 18,497 299112 46,328 71.746 109,806 PRIMARY METALS (0) (D) (D) (D) (U). FABRICATED METALS & ORDNANCE (0) (D) (D) (D) (u) MACHINERY, EXCLUDING ELECTRICAL ID) (0) (D) (0) (U) ELECTRICAL MACHINERY & SUPPLIES 20.734 34,534 57,478 92,605, 146,554 MOTOR VEHICLES & EQUIPMENT (5) is) is) (5) (5) TRANS. EQUIP., EXCL. MTR. VEHS. (5) (5) is) (5) (b) OTHER MANUFACTURING (0) (D) (D) (D) (u) TRANS.. COMM. & PUBLIC UTILITIES 12,469 L7.340 24,650 34,746 48,959 RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION 2.576 2.946 31352 3,687 4,028 TRUCKING & WAREHOUSING 3,343 5.074 79713 11,716 179456 OTHER TRANSPORTATION & SERVICES is) is) is) is) 15) COMMUNICATIONS 3.547 5,278 7.93o 11.664 16,924 U71LITIES (ELEC-GAS. SANITARY) 2.519 3,409 4,754 6,565 9,078 'WHOLESALE 6 RETAIL TRADE 66,951 95,212 137.942 195.851 2759597 FINANCE, INSURANCE & REAL ESTATE (D) (D) (D) 0) ju) SERVICES 62.088 90.969 134.106 193.224 274,651 LODGING PLACES & PERSONAL SERV. 22.345 32,469 47.497 67,785 95,401 BUSINESS REPAIR SERVICES 4.447 7.509 12.512 19.863 30.468 AMUSEMENT RECREATION SERVICES 1,029 1,511 2.238 3,Z38 4,613 PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS 6,494 7,384 8,43q 99484 10.129 PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 27,774 429096 639421 92.853 133*440 GOVERNMENT 149,278 228,54o 349,184 516,8L2 755,117 CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT 141,722 218,595 336-106 499,722 732. f53 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 20,946 25,744 32.132 38,977 46,3Z4 STATE & LOCAL GOVERNMENT 120,776 192,851 303,973 460.745 686,429 ARMED FORCES 7,555 9,945 13.078 17,090 22.364 DATA MAY NOT ADD TO HIGHER LEVEL TOTALS BECAUSE OF ROUNDING (0) DELETED TO AVOID DISCLOSURE OF CONFIDENTIAL DATA (5) TOO SMALL TO BE PROJECTED Appendix 3 258 TABLE 3-111 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC TRENDS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 22-4, NORTH CAROLINA NON-SMSA AREA, 1950-1969 22-4 NORTH CAROLINA NON-SMSA AREA - POPULATION. EMPLOYMENT. TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME AND EARNINGS BY SELECTED INDUSTRIES, SELECTED HISTORIC YEARS, 1950 1969 1950 1959 1962 1968 1969 POPULATION. JULY 1 115.532 112.579 lt5.277 111.651 111,032 PER CAPITA INCOME (1967s) 1,125 1,207 It4O4 1,827 2OU21 PER CAPITA INCOME RELATIVE IU5=1.00) .55 .49 .54 .55 .59 TOTAL EMPLOYMENT 39.433 36,757 EMPLOYMENT/POPULATION RATIO .34 .33 EARNINGS PER WORKER (1967S) 2,855 3.150 EARNINGS PER WORKER RELATIVE(US=1.00) .63 .59 IN THOUSANDS OF 1967 S TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME 129,986 135,905 161.891 204.030 224,353 TOTAL EARNINGS 112,562 115.769 135.945 16Z,635 180'rZ6 AGRICULTURE. FORESTRY FISHERIES 44,419 34,772 44.860 33,853 4Z.U22 AGRICULTURE 43.857 34.o27 44.287 33,547 41.150 FORESTRY & FISHERIES 560 746 573 307 273 MINING 6 0 0 38 32 NONMETALLIC, EXCEPT FUELS 6 0 0 38 32 CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION 3,124 2,892 3,062 5-650 8,L69 MANUFACTURING 17,935 20.632 21,282 29,249 32.367 FOOD & KINDRED PRODUCTS (D) ID) (D) (D) (U) TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS (0) if)) IDI (D) (u) APPAREL & OTHER FABRIC PRODUCTS 0 2.271 2.546 39627 30blo LUMBER PRODUCTS & FURNITURE 12,265 9.675 9.556 12,496 13.321 PAPER & ALLIED PRODUCTS (D) (D) (D) (0) (U) PRINTING PUBL15HING 366 384 474 555 639 CHEMICALS ALLIED PRODUCTS (D) (D) (D) (D) (u) PRIMARY METALS 0 0 561 1.030 1*456 FABRICATED METALS & ORDNANCE 0 0 0 10 16 MACHINERY, EXCLUDING ELECTRICAL 828 1.010 19952 29211 ELECTRICAL MACHINERY & SUPPLIES 0 207 1.488 (69 TOTAL MACHINERY (J950 ONLY) 188 MOTOR VEHICLES & EQUIPMENT 0 0 31 loo L39 TRANS. EQUIP- EXCL- MTR. VEHS. 504 4,822 2,80-.4 757 1,333 @OTHER MANUFACTURING JD) (D) (D) (D) (ol TRANS., COMM. & PUBLIC UTILITIES 2,134 29247 39115 4*427 5,006 RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION 965 774 687 677 696 TRUCKING & WAREHOUSING 186 424 453 939 Is385 OTHER TRANSPORTATION 6 SERVICES 150 40 158 98 116 COMMUNICATIONS 607 939 1,269 1,960 20111 UTILITIES (ELEC.qGA5. SANITARY) 225 70 547 755 b97 WHOLESALE & RETAIL TRADE 17,274 20,357 20,954 26.3zj 279159 FINANCE, INSURANCE 6 REAL ESTATE 1.338 2,260 21929 4,253 4,344 SERVICES 7.719 10.839 12,208 17,378 18,356 LODGING PLACES & PER50NAL SERV. 897 987 1,080 2,179 2031 BUSINESS & REPAIR SERVICES 438 694 607 1,673 1.68Z AMUSEMENT 6 RECREATION SERVICES 249 148 167 359 Z99 PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS 2,994 3,997 4.266 3.741 3025 PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 3,142 5,014 61086 9.42b 10t423 GOVERNMENT 18,612 21,772 27.539 419468 .43,i?73 CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT 11,972 17,829 23,673 3&.270 38.244 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 4.503 4.605 5.847 8984!) 9048 STATE 6 LOCAL GOVERNMENT 7,471 13,226 17,826 27.423 28,694 ARMED'FORCES 6.641 3.942 3*865 5.200 5.030 DATA MAY NOT ADD TO HIGHER LEVEL TOTALS BECAUSE OF ROUNDING (0) DELETED TO AVOID DISCLOSURE OF CONFIDENTIAL DATA Appendix 3 259 TABLE 3-112 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC PROJECTIONS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 22-4, NORTH CAROLINA NON-SMSA AREA, 1980-2020, SERIES C 22-4 NORTH CAROLINA NON-SMSA AREA POPULATION- EMPLOYMENT, TOTAL PER50NAL INCOME AND EARNINGS By SELECTED INDUSTRIES, 5E.LECTED PROJECTED YEARS. 1980 2020 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 POPULATION, JULY 1 111,847 114,482 L19.468 124,425 129,287 PER CAPITA INCOME (1967S) 2,905 4.068 5,634 7,692 109446 PER CAPITA INCOME RELATIVE (US=1.00) .61 .66 .68 .71 .73 TOTAL EMPLOYMENT 45,102 46,253 48.438 509595 52.767 EMPLOYMENT/POPULATION RATIO .40 .40 .41 .41 .41 EARNINGS PER WORKER (1967S) 5,861 81046 11,076 15.224 20.929 EARNINGS PER WORKER RELATIVEtUS=1.00) .62 .66 .70 .74 .79 IN THOUSANDS OF 1967 S TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME 324,931 465,704 673,128 957,120 1.350,580 TOTAL EARNINGS 264.356 372.143 536,504 770,251 1,104,366 AGRICULTURE. FORESTRY & FISHERIES 43,968 50,122 59-022 76,718 102.813 AGRICULTURE 43,531 49,599 58.38;, 75,934 iOl.861 FORESTRY & FISHERIES is) is) (5) (SI MINING (5) is) ls@ NONMETALLIC. EXCEPT FUELS is) (5) (5) CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION 9,143 12.475 17.325 Z39719 329171 MANUFACTURING 46,698 65.519 95.243 137.313 200,212 FOOD 6 KINDRED PRODUCTS (0) (D) (D) lu) (U) TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS (D) (D) (D) iD) (u) APPAREL & OTHER FABRIC PRODUCTS 4,892 6.728 9,524 13,203 181583 LUMBER PRODUCTS 6 FURNITURE 18,326 23,17a 30.302 39.411 52,04o PAPER 6 ALLIED PRODUCTS (D) (D) (D) (D) (U) PRINTING & PUBLISHING 837 1,178 19679 2.360 3042 CHEMICALS & ALLIED PRODUCTS (D@ (D) (D) (D) (D) PRIMARY-METAL5 1,839 2.679 3.972 59670 8043 FABRICATED METALS & ORDNANCE (5) (5) is) is) (5) MACHINERY, EXCLUDING ELECTRICAL 3,866 6,876 129292 20.994 35,@431 ELECTRICAL MACHINERY & SUPPLIES 3.309 5.873 10.284 17,231 28.069 MOTOR VEHICLES & EQUIPMENT (5) (5) (5) (5) (b) TRANS. EQUIP.. EXCL. MTR. VEHS. 1.173 1.570 2.175 2,984 4,107 OTHER MANUFACTURING (D) (D) (D) (D) (U) TRANS., COMM. & PUBLIC UTILITIES 7.265 11.076 17.096 25.847 38,475 RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION (5) (5) (5) (5) (b) TRUCKING & WAREHOUSING 1,601 2.538 4.035 6,282 9.627 OTHER TRANSPORTATION & SERVICES (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) COMMUNICATIONS 3,607 5,827 9,315 14*368 219598 UTILITIES (ELEC-GAS. SANITARY) Is27O 1.906 2,89,4 4.278 69Z27 WHOLESALE 6 RETAIL TRADE 41,037 56,344 79.182 109.494 150,628 FINANCE, INSURANCE & REAL ESTATE 5.956 B.299 11,831 169576 23,089 SERVICES 25,960 35,474 49-133 67,046 90,875 LODGING PLACES & PERSONAL SERV. 3,013 39976 59347 7.122 91512 BU51NESS & REPAIR SERVICES 21849 4#220 6,306 9,165 13.L45 AMUSEMENT & RECREATION SERVICES (5) (5) (5) (5) (b) PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS 4.195 4,598 5,091 5,570 6,162 PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 15.537 22,166 31*694 44,264 60,629 GOVERNMENT 84,279 132,796 207,626 313,483 466,033 CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT 76.124 120.671 190.169 289.094 432076 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 12,069 15.335 19,734 24,639 30,192 STATE & LOCAL GOVERNMENT 64,056 105.336 170,435 264,455 402,384 ARMED FORCES 8,155 12,125 17,457 24.389 33,456 DATA MAY NOT ADD TO H16HER LEVEL TOTALS BECAUSE OF ROUNDING ID? DELETED TO AVOID DISCLOSURE OF CONFIDENTIAL DATA (5) TOO SMALL TO BE PROJECTED Appendix 3 260 ECONOMIC AND DEMOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS USING SERIES E OBERS PROJECTIONT- The methodology employed in developing the E Series was much the same as that used for Series C. The major differences in the two have already been stated. The Series E projections are provided here for the identical BEA economic areas and SMSA's as those projected with Series C, with the exception that the Richmond and Petersburg -Colonial Heights SMSA's are projected separately. Due to both monetary and time limta- tions, however, and the fact that the E Series were not the baseline or reference set of projections used in the Future Conditions Report, there were no projections made b-y-= for non-SUS-Tareas or residential non-SMSA areas (non- Estuary areas), as BEA had done with the Series C projections. In addition, BEA's selected projected years for Series E were slightly different from those used in the C Series. Series E projections are presented for the following years: 1950, 1962, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1980, 198.5, 1990, 2000, and 2020. The Series E projections for economic areas and SMSA's are presented in Tables 3-113 through 3-141. Projections for each economic area are introduced by a list (in table form) of SMSA and non-SMSA counties and independent cities within that particular. economic area. COMPARISON OF SERIES C AND SERIES E OBERS PROJECTIONS As was pointed out earlier in the chapter, certain differences exist between Series C and Series E economic and demographic projections. In order to compare the two series, "population" and "total employment" projections are presented in Tables 3-142 and 3-143 for: (1) the six BEA Economic Areas within which the Estuary Area is included and, (2) the Estuary Area portion of each of these Economic Areas. (There is no por- tion of Economic Area 16 within the Estuary Area; therefore, it is excluded from Table 3-143). Appendix 3 261 PHILADELPHIA ECONOMIC AREA TABLE 3-113 INDEPENDENT CITY AND COUNTY BREAKDOWN FOR ECONOMIC AREA 15E - PHILADELPHIA, PA.-N.J. 15-1 Allentown-Beth,lehem--Easton, Pa.-N.J. SMSA Warren, New Jersey Lehigh, Pennsylvania Northampton, Pennsylvania 15-2 Atlantic City, N.J. SMSA Atlantic, New Jersey 15-3 Philadelphia, Pa.-N.J. SMSA Burlington, New Jersey Camden, New Jersey, Gloucester, New Jersey Bucks, Pennsylvania Chester, Pennsylvania Delaware, Pennsylvania Montgomery, Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 15-4 Reading, Pa. SMSA Berks, Pennsylvania 15-5 Trenton, N.J. SMSA Mercer, New Jersey 15-6 Vineland-Millville-Brid_geton, N.J. SMSA Cumberland, New Jersey 15-7 Wilmington, Del.-N.J.-Md. SMSA Salem, New Jersey New Castle, Delaware Cecil, Maryland Non-SMSA Areas Cape May, New Jersey Ocean, New Jersey Carbon, Pennsylvania Monroe, Pennsylvania Schuylkill, Pennsylvania Appendix 3 262 TABLE 3-114 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC PROJECTIONS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 15, PHILADELPHIA, PA.-N.J-@ 1950-2020, SERIES F BEA Economic Area 015 Philadelphia, Pa.-N.J. 1972-E OBERS Projections 1950 1%2- 1%9 1970 1971 1980 1985 1990 2000 zozo population, midyear ........................................................ 5,317.3 6.65 944 7,21 689 7,331 7,427.302 8,025.4M 9,333.600 8,653.700 9,188,3m 10,215.20F) .@:792 N 01:(A9 72 3.771 5.000 5,70f) f`crc.pi1ftincomc(l%7 S) ............................................... 2,10 21472 0 l'rr c.piw income 1.1alive (U.S.- 1.00) ..................... 1.13 1.11 1.07 1.07 1.06 1116 1.06 1.05 1.05 1.04 Total ce,plOy.-I ........................................................... 2,207,394 2,523,123 2,931,657 3,523,500 3,668,000 3,818,400 4,191,300 4,532,200 Employmc..11population ratio ......................................... .40 .44 .44 .46 .45 Earnings per worker (1%7 S) .......................................... 7.380 9'ooo 1011(m) 11,300 14.4M 23,40D V' arning& per worLer relative (U.S.- 1.00) ....................... 1.04 1.03 1.03 1.03 1.63 1.02 in Thousands of 1%7 Dollars Total Personal I-rat ...................................................... 13,048.875 19,124.179 26.599,516 27.268.331 28,006,648 40,673,200 47,830.700 56,247,600 78,807,200 141,038.800 Total earnings .................................................................. 10,594.575 15,545,317 21,402,473 21,636.353 21,975.664 31,760,300 37,170,200 43,501,009 60.467.500 107,411.500 Agriculture, forestry and fisheries .............................. 274,518 202,632 189,750 193,058 156,897 194,200 199,800 205,600 229,000 285,900 Agriculture .................................................. ............ 186.7.60 178.689 152,597 189,100 194,200 199,600 220,800 275,800 Forestry and fisheries .............................................. 3.502 4,371 4,311 5,100 51500 5.900 7,100 10,100 Mining .................. ....................................................... %,077 52.049 54.063 58,838 56,819 63,800 66,200 68,800 77,900 1011500 Metal ........................................................................ (D) (D) (D) 9,700 9.800 9,900 10.900 13,400 Coal .......................................................................... (D) (1)) (D) 21,700 21.0% 20,300 21.200 24.900 Crude petroleum and natural gas ............................. 1,824 2,030 2,376 3,000 3,300 3.600 4,200 5,500 Nonmetallic, except fuels ........................................ 21,432 23,256 23,519 29,200 31,900 3.4.900 41.600 57,700 contract Construction ...... ............;.............................. 695,687 875,468 1,319,296 1.380,913 1.409,931 2.046,100 2,362,300 2,727,300 3,668,300 6,094.500 Manufacturing ............................................................. 4,109,538 6,004,695 7,667,791 7.359,034 7,174,629 9.783,400 10,976,800 12,315,800 15,911,100 25,267,200 Food and kindred products ...................................... 519,316 528,714 531,273 617,100 654,700 694,600 799,800 1.040,300, Textile mill products .............................................- 275,556 257.973 251,570 256,400 251,700 247,100 762,400 314,200 Apparel and other fabric products ........................... 529,480 471,128 455,311 563,900 598,800 635,900 749,800 1,035,700 Lumber products and furniture ..................:............. 112,359 105,909 102,401 134,500 146,500 159,500 194,600 281.500 Paper and allied groducts ......................................... 254,213 253.425 246,632 347,OOD 396,400 452,800 595,700 958,800 Printing and pub shing ............................................. 400,214 392,120 395,512 571,300 657.600 756,900 1,0147900 1,687.600 Chemicals and allied products... .................... 996,085 991,852 976,572 1.442,600 1.701.600 2,007.200 2,901.90D 4,933,SDO Petroleum refining ................................................... 247.723 250_565 253,924 305,800 326,500 348,500 412,700 573.100 Primary metals .................... .................................... 710.918 705,712 662,409 794,100 831,800 982,400 1,013.400 1,330.900 Fabricated metals and ordnance .............................. 568,630 526,963 494,589 704.800 792,900 869.600 1.105.900 1,703,600 Machinery, excluding electrical ............................... 771,165 721,451 673,994 917,500 1,049,400 174,800 1,486.700 2273,600 =cal,,,nachmer, and supplies ..................... 888,430 940,269 OD6,458 1,261,500 1,470,400 1:113,900 2,574,200 4:160,900 ve c.. . equipment ........................... 320,207 293,088 343,937 463,900 543,400 636,600 863,3M 1,445.700 Tramspo ILion equip. e cl. m1r. vchs ..................... 206,808 161,035 131,630 157,600 159.000 160,400 173.800 213,500 ru tur,.8 . 876,186 858,829 946,629 1,234,700 1,394,600 1,575.100 2,061,400 3,313,500 other manufac .: ..I .................................... . ... Trans., comm. and public utilities ............................... 945,983 1,083.577 1,341,252 1,313,274 1,433,437 1,997,100 2,327,300 2,712,300 3,723,900 6,"9,000 Railroad tran3portation ...................................... . .... 214,538 209,313 210,1" 198,700 191,400 194,400 171,100 147.600 Trucking and warehousing .......................;............... 362,918 3654,833 403.589 585,600 689,800 812,400 1,126,200 1,945.200 other transportation and sez-vices ...... . .................... 199,406 201,066 200,389 294,400 331,900 397,200 518,600 840,ODD Communications ...................................................... 276,966 292,862 305,506 494 600 610,400 753,300 1,141,100 2,263.400 Utilities Wee., gas, sanitary) ................................... 287,526 302,201 313,810 433:400 499,109 574.700 766,700 1,252,600 Wholesale and retail trade ........................................... 1,943,888 2,535,470 3,350.433 3.423,961 3,526,748 4,922.600 5,617,900 6.411,300 8,596,500 14,053,800 Finance, insurance and real estate .............................. 459,207 776,224 1,079,272 1,101,021 1,179,296 1,965,700 2,254,200 2.723,500 3,%7,500 7,463,800 Services - ............................................................. 1,214,837 2,106,259 3,223,075 3,399,103 3,553,283 5.958,400 7,419,400 9,236,600 14,110,600 28,575.100 Lodging places and personal services ...................... 331.533 322,392 318,947 395.000 427,900 463,500 537,400 792,500 Business and repair sc (D) 603,405 609,078 1,082,400 1.363.700 1,718,200 2,689,500 5,590.500 rv.cc3 .................................... 207,600 275,600 445,600 Amusement and recreation services ....................... lnl,n30 109.413 112,694 156,300 180,200 Private houscholds .............................................. 156.964 154.416 152,667 165,400 168,000 170.500 192,00 117,400 (D Professional services ..............I (I)l 2,209,488 2,359,901 4,159,000 5,270,300 6.679,600 10,405.500 21,538,900 .................................. Government. ............................... -.: ............. ........ 964,945 1,908.957 3, f 77,531 mal' 15 f 3,4116,627 4,928,11M 5,914,5M 7j(197,400 10.193.300 19,130.400 CAD Fedti4l government ........................................ 341,691 616,403 909,302 940.717 941,540 1.281,200 1,499,600 1,752,900 2,371.700 4,122.600 State and local government ............................ 436,567 965,359 jM0,353 1,941.451 2.(Y)9.674 3,152,700 3,855.400 4,714,700 7,018.600 13.493.900 802,S30 11311 Armed (otces .......................... ................... ...... ..... 186,586 327,192 487,876 477,984 475,411 494,700 538,200 629.900 #Employment is for 19(A. TABLE 5-115 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC PROJECTIONS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 15-1, ALLENTOWN-BETHLEHEM-EASTON, PA.-N.J., 1950-2020, SERIES E SMSA 15-1 Allentown-Bethiehem-Easton,Pa.-N.J. 1972-E OBERS Projections > 1930 1%2- 1%9 1970 1971 1960 im 1990 2DOO 2M "a ,a Population. midyear .................................................. . ..... 43M65 493.295 538,436 547,093 551,781 378,100 590,700 603,6110 624,300 666,FM LID CD Pet capita income (1967 S) ............................................... 2,313 2,777 3,520 3,576 3,602 4,900 51500 6.200 8.200 13,300 CD 0 Per capita income relative (U.S.- 1 -00 ...................... 1.12 1.07 1.02 1.03 1.02 1.02 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01 t@ CL Total employffwnt ...................................................... 182.040 197.603 232,096 268,000 273,800 279,800 277.900 310,300 Employment/population ratio ......................................... A2 .46 .46 .46 .43 A7 in Thousands of 1967 Dollars Total personal Income ...................................................... 1.014,228 1,370.111 1,895,189 1,956,313 1.997.488 2,809.700 3a.%,700 3.771,600 5,162.000 8.923,5W Total earnings .................................................................. 962,334 1,149,160 1,584,076 1,615,541 1,619,175 2.275.100 2A18,701) 3,014,200 4,078,900 6,959.900 Agriculture. forestry and fisheries .............................. 24,542a 13,656a 17,171a 18,Z794 11,486a 13,400 13.700 14,000 15,5()0 19,300 Agriculture ...................................................... 13,300 13,600 13.900 15,400 19,200 Forestry and fisheries .............................................. (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Minin& .. .......................... . ......................................... a 4,902a 2,923c 1,916d 5,200 51500 5,900 61900 000 Me 1,500 1.5w 1,60D 1,700 2,100 Coal.. (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Crud.'i;@ ............. (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Nonmetallic, except fuels ........................................ 3-W 3,900 4,200 5,000 1,000 Contract construction ............................................. . .... 41,626 51,900 $2,194 86,576 91,376 144,700 167,90D 194,700 264.100 443,8W Manufacturing .....................e....................................... 462.425 602,017 805,004 809,279 784.839 1,021,gm 1,127,900 la".800 1,554,300 2.322,700 Food and kindred products ...................................... 65,500 72,400 79.900 917,900 139,400 Textile mill products ................................................ 44.000 43,900 43,700 47,60D ".500 Apparel and other fabric products ..................... 123,400 133.300 144,000 173,900 245.6011 @um r p ucts and fut 1 re ................................ 6,100 6,400 6,70D 7,700 10,000 'a iand Vets. 27700 31,6w 36,100 47.5m 76,500 42:800 50,700 60,100 84,400 149,200 and pub ishing .......................................... .. ,herrucals and 'ed pucts ................................. 39,900 47.000 55,3W 76,900 134.700 letrolcunt refining ................ ................................... 1,9W 2,100 21300 3.000 4,600 Irimary metals ......................................................... 243,900 258,700 274,300 314,900 413.WQ abricated metals and ordnance ......................... 62,900 72,000 82,600 110.300 181,900 Machinery, excluding electrical ............................... 114,500 128,700 144,800 184,700 286,400 Electrical mac@n and supplies ........................... 90,500 102,40D 115,900 151,100 231,600 Mri'm'chiel. L@ quipmcnt ................................. 69,100 801900 94,600 128,100 214,200 Transportation equip., excl. mtr. vchs ..................... 2,40D 2,500 2.500 2.700 3,300 Other manufacturing ................................................ 86,400 93,500 101,300 122,900 173,300 Trans.. comm. and Ipublic utilities ............................... 74.052 "'SOS 118,583 117,909 119.930 152,000 173,600 1",300 264.400 442.400 Railroad transportation ................................. .......... 22,700 21'.Wo 20,400 18,400 15.200 Trucking and warehousing *- ........... 46,900 55,100 64,900 89'8W 154,900 Other transportation and ......................... - 8,8W 10,500 12.500 17,200 29,100 Communications ...................................................... 28.600 35,600 44.40D 68,300 137,81)(1 Utilities (clec., gas, sanitary) ........................ .......... 44,900 30,100 55.900 70.400 105.300 Wholesale and retail trade ........................................... 132.950 165.526 211,693 217,791 229,581 322,700 367,400 419,300 537.300 904,000 Finance, insurance and real estate .............................. 16,208 3.4,665 47,744 48,523 49,023 98,600 110,800 138,600 214.400 446,WD Services ....................................................................... 64,740 118,602 J83,916 193.153 205,822 3501200 436.400 543,11131) 830,70D 1,677.8m Lodging places and peragnal services ...................... 24,400 26,600 29,000 35,200 30,100 Business and repair scr@iccs :.............................. 65,000 83,200 106,500 171,0DO YAAW Amusement and recreation services ........................ 6900 7,700 8,500 0.500 15.0110 Private households ................................................... 7:100 7,300 7,600 9,400 10.600 Professional services ................................................ 246.500 310.900 392,1011 605,500 1,233,300 Government ......................................................I.......... 311,16.1 79,072 110,288 115'806 119.469 176,100 212,100 253,400 370.900 694,000 Federal government ................................................. 5662 9.094 14041 14,472 14.73( 1519M 16.800 17,8W 19.700 24.400 State and local goverumcril ...................................... 30:319 65,680 90:745 95,726 98,700 154,400 188,500 230,100 341,703 654.100 Armed forcci ....................................................... 2,385 4.299 5.501 5,608 6,033 5.8011 6,300 7.400 9.400 15,400 *Employment is for 1960. a-mprrmld. 90.0 to 99. 9percent of the true value c-repmacals 40.0 to 59.9 percent of the true value e-rcprcscn1A zero to 19.9 percent of the true value h-reptescruis 60.0 to 79.9 percent of the Lnic value d-represcuts 20.0 to 39.9 percent of thc true value TABLE 3-116 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC PROJECTIONS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 15-2, SMSA 15-2 Atlantic City, N.J. ATLANTIC CITY, N.i., 1950-2020, SERIES E 1972-E OBERS Projections 1"0 1962- 1%9 Im 1971 1980 1995 1990 2NO 2020 Population, midyear ........................................................ 133,403 165,211 174.603 175924 18D.300 199,200 194.300 199,600 2W,400 221.200 Per capita income (1967 $) ............. ............................. 1.985 2,453 3,147 3:259 3,316 4,500 5.100 5.800 7,700 12.700 Per capita income relative (U.S.- LOD) ........................... .96 .95 .92 .94 .94 .94 .95 .95 .95 .96 Total employment 52,104 60.312 66,453 79,000 81.500 94,200 90.900 96.000 Empiloymentlpopi@@d@@'r-a*iio .38 .42 A2 A2 .44 .43 In Thousands of 1967 Dollars Total personal [mine ...................................................... 264.926 405.2fill 349.490 572,955 597,892 853.600 M.OOD 1,166,700 1.615.9W 2.921.000 Total earnings .................................................................. 218.947 313,427 419.632 431AM 444,537 631,300 736,400 859,000 1.185.900 2,072.100 Agriculture, forestry and fisheri s .............................. 12,154 11,905 8.724 8,058 7.559 9'sw 9,800 10,10D 11.300 14,300 Agriculture .................................. ........** 8,500 B.&W 9,000 9.900 12,400 Forestry and fisheries .............................................. 900 1.000- 1.100 1,300 1.9w mining .......................................................................... 72 215 71 52 S9 (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Metal ........................................................................ Coal@ ......................................................................... Crude petrolcum and natural gas ....................... (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Nonmetallic. except fuels .............................. (S) is) is) (S) (S) Contract construction ................ ................................. 16.445 23,939 34,502 37,333 36.205 48,600 54,300 60,700 77,100 117,400 Manufacturin . #............................................................. 28.367 44,102 68,577 62,159 60.160 99,200 100,900 115,500 154.m 258,900 Food and Endred products ...................................... 9,300 9,700 10.200 11,400 14,400 Textile mill products .................................. ............. (S) (S) IS) (S) (S) Apparel and other fabric products ........................... 19.700 20700 21,600 24,&W 32.400 um r c13 and furniture ................................ 2,400 2:gw 3,200 4.200 6.9W a r it is ....... ................................. (S) is) (S) (S) (S) ti K *............................................. 51000 1600 6,300 9.000 12,400 be alls dp ucts ................................. re 4,400 5,600 7,100 11,000 22,000 Yoicum M .................................................... IS) is (S (S) (S) metals .................. ...................................... (S) (1)) IS)) (S) IS) bn" met:ds and ordnance .............................. 1,200 1,300 1,300 I'sw 91 Machinery, excluding clectrical ............................... 1.8w 2.200 2.600 3,600 6.700 Electrical machinery and supplies ........................... (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Motor vehicles and equipment ................................. (S) (S) is) (S) (S) Transportation equip.. excl. mtr. vths . .................... 4.600 4.900 3,300 612W 8,6w Other manufacturing ................................................ 37.900 46,000 55.900 81,400 149.M Trim i, in ;and public util .......... 16.429 26A55 29,627 31.378 33.397 45.200 52,300 60.70'0 82.400 139.600 It T:el. it ....................... .... 2.8w 2,900 2,900 31000 2,900 henin ............................ 'th.f. porta@.@a .it ............................ 6000 7 ODD 100 10900 too Comm@mca , 4:2w 4:700 3400 6:8W 000 ................ Utilities (eke.. las. sanitary) 14.400 17'aw Z2,WO 11,400 66.200 17.5W 19.6w 22.0w U.100 42.2W nolesale and retail trade ........................................... 52,559 71 A86 99.4117 92,552 95,537 136.100 155.400 177,500 237.700 388.400 > Finance. insurance and real estate .............................. 11.557 21.701 25,04S 7A.785 28 830 44.300 53,200 64.ODO 92.200 170.300 '0 Services ....................................................................... S5.165 62IS35 94,329 96,233 89.354 131,100 157,100 198,260 271.700 510Z 10 places and pers9nal services ............ 28.300 29,400 30,5W 34.000 42,5 (D W9.11 and rc . ca, aofam@ service ........................... . 15.200 19,100 24.000 37.3W 76,600 Amount ctimstrvices ........................ U1 0 "a J2,300 14,300 16.600 22,3W 36,600 Q. Private households *.............................................. 1.200 2.200 2,100 2.IW 2.200 W. Professional services ................................................ n" 91,400 114,BW 175,8W 332,81)(11 X % Government ................................................................. 26,100 50,689 78 gn 86,502 93.438 128.000 152,600 182.001) 258,200 471.200 w FedcrW government ....... . ............. . .. . 19.224 2541 28,494 29989 34.500 39,M 45,WA 60,400 105.900 State and-locall government ................ I's"1109 29.304 50,401 55,058 60:313 90.900 109.900 132,5W 193,600 359.WD Armed forces ................................ 6,331 21160 2.810 2,960 3,136 2.500 2,8W 3.200 4.100 6,700 *Employment is for 1960. 8--rclimscals 90.0 to 99.9 percent of the true value c-fcprcwntx 40.0 to 59.9 percent of the truis value c-represents zero to t9.9 percent of the tmc value L P PC Pfin C mu: PC Primary Fa " ted ts-represcuts 60.0 to 79.9 percent of the true value d-represents 20.0 to 39.9 percent of the true value TABLE 3-117 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ' ECONOMIC PROJECTIONS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 15-3, SMSA 15- 3 Philadelphia, Pa.-NJ. PHILADELPHIA, PA.-N.J., 1950-2020, SERIES E 1972-E OBERS Proj"ons 1950 1%2- 1%9 1970 1971 im 199S 2DQ0 2= Plation, midyear ................. . ................................. 3,677,748 4,451.631 4.769,714 4,853,204 4,M,144 5.277.800 SA74,500 5,678,500 6.01S,800 6,670,200 Mucapita Income (1967 S) 2,417 2,947 1,791 3,799 3.943 51100 SAW 6,500 8.600 13.9w per capita income relative (UY=**1'.0D')'.*-* 1.17 1.14 1.10 1.09 t.Dg 1.08 1 W 1.07 1.06 1.03 Total employment 1,466,901 1.689,766 1,936,7SS 2,314,900 2.407.SDD 2,503,80D 2.742,400 .2,990.500 Employmenu 'r"a'ti'o' AD .44 .44 .44 .46 AS In Thousands of 1967 Dollars Total personal hicamar ...................................................... 8,999,932 13.118,910 18.035,731 18,434,717 18,852.682 27,211,700 31 ",700 37,465,700 SZ275.400 93.013,400 Total intraings .................................................................. 7,221,434 10,676,254 14,552.127 14,627,411 14,759,129 21,195,500 24.754.SOO 29,910,900 40.030,70D 70,729.300 Agriculture, forestry and fisheries .............................. 120,946a 100,1511a 77,355a 74,436a 64,597a 92,70D 94,600 %.600 107,000 133,700 Agriculture ............................................................... 92.300 94.200 %1200 106.400 132,900 Forestry and fisheries .............................................. (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) M' ' 7,750a 8.400b 10,377a 13.169a I I A74a 16.200 17,60D 19.200 22.800 31,400 ................................ *...,...,.."...*-......,.,.-..-..-. M (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) coal ....................................................... . ................. (S) ts) (S) (S) (S) Crude petroleum and natural gas ............................. 2,200 2.500 2,7W 3.100 4.200 Nonmetalilic. except fuels ........................................ 1318W 15,000 16,400 19.600 27.201) Contract construction .................7................................ 49908 5".229 909,639 932,054 940,217 1,333,400 1,534,200 1,765.200 2,359.8W 3.975,600 Manufacturing .......................................................... . .2,650AS6 3,946,929 4,976,405 4,629,107 4.432,048 601.000 6.698480 7.477,100 9.588,200 15.097.000 Food and kindred products ...................................... 429.600 452,000 475.SW 539.600 696,900 Textile mill products ................................................ 129,1W 124,700 120.5W 124.400 142.501) Apparel and other fabric products ........................... 274.700 n5,000 295.900 334,200 429.300 Lumber products and furniture ................................ 97.500 105,100 113,300 136,0DO 191,700 > ! an net& ........................................ 277,100 316.SW 361,400 475 _W 764.700 ting and pu ng ............................................ 425,500 494.600 551,M 726,600 1,175,600 @0 he i s and pucts ................................. 620,100 730,800 861,300 l,2WA00 2,108,601) (D uolcu refining ................................................... 267.000 282.5W 298.8W 348,500 472,600 P ma metals ......................................................... 399,400 412.900 437,900 S02,600 65912W abricated metals and ordnance .............................. 506,200 $61,600 623.200 790.900 1.213'sw Machinery, excluding electrical ............................... 676.100 754.7W 1142.500 1,059.8m 1.601I.S00 Electrical machinery and supplies ........................... 966.100 1.130.5W 1,322,9W 1,847.500 3.291,000 Motor vehicles and equipment ................................. 108.200 126,600 148.200 200,7UU 335,400 WTransportation equip., excL mtr. vchs . .................... 133,100 133.2W 133.300 142,500 171.100 other manufacturing ................................................ 700,700 789,5W 889,700 1,158,500 1,949,900 Trans., comm. and public utilities ............................... 608.078 764,593 912.516 933,504 977,735 1,380,600 IAW'100 1,973,000 ZS62.700 4,397,200 Railroad transportation ............................................ 122,700 118.8m 115.100 107,700 94.200 Trucking and warehousing ....................................... 409,000 490.900 565.300 781,100 1.343.000 Other transportation and services: ........................... 229,100 265.600 307.900 407,90D 630.300 Communications ...................................................... 349,600 428,200 524.600 783,700 1.517.300 Utilities (clec.. gas. sanitary) ................................... 270.100 31 l'aw 359.900 492,100 M.1w Wholesale and retail trade ........................................... 1.401.585 1.913,577 2j%,051 2.443,747 2,500.025 3.419.700 3,874,500 4,389.700 5,802.300 9,2914.500 Finance, insurance and real estate .............................. 367,304 596.944 834,179 8".048 901,945 1.390,000 1,663,100 1.990.000 2,947.600 5.197,300 Services ................................................................. ..... 833-W 1,495,422 2,283,602 2,408.906 2,513,340 4,215,300 5.238.M 6,511,100 9.9D7.000 19.931.900 Votijung places and personal services ...................... 241,SOO 261,100 282,40D 338.700 473.500 Humness ad '............................... 795,400 M.300 1,252.9W 1,948.200 4.010.(M) are hon si 100,200 115,100 132.700 17S.700 293.200 Amusement anfraclerscea"Wescri, 'cs ........................ Private households ................. - -** .......... 118.0oll I IS.M 119.9w 126.300 147,100 Professional services ........................................ 2.959'M 3,739,000 4.723,100 7,318,000 15,017,700 Government ....................... .. .................................. 717.832 1.345,262 2,244,740 2.344,338 2,409,635 3.346.400 4.003.100 4,788,6(K) 6,833.000 12.769.300 1,037,400 1,214,600 1,422,000 1.927.000 31,120,200 Federal govvrnmcat.@ ............................................... 294,373 507,768 742,942 763A32 759,095 State and local government ...................................... 267,612 586.595 1.114,5119 1,209,637 1.279.929 1,919.600 2,347,600 2.870,8W 4.273.700 8.215,600 Armed fojvcs .......................................................... .155,024 2150,996 387,211 371,269 370,613 U9,3011 439.300 495,70() 612,100 1.03.1.400 limplayment is for Im. a- cprcscnts KO.0 to 99.9 percent of the true value c-reprcscats 40.010 $9.9 percent of the true value e-represents zcro to 19.9 percent of the true value =I C "fical PE In ri ry F II-reprcscals 60.0to 79.9perceni of the true value d-r(!Vrcwnl%20A)to39.9pcrrcnieftlwLruevaluc TABLE 3-118 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC PROJECTIONS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 15-4, READING,,PA., 1950-2020, SERIES E SMSA 15-4 Reading, Pa. 1972-E OBERS Projections 19$0 19624 1969 19" l"t JOIN 19" 20M 2w Population. midyear ......................... ........................... 2351"9 285,136 294,336 2".M 300,055 317,100 325,200 333.500 347 3w 374700 Per capita income (1067 3) ............................................... 2.204 2,573 3,539 31,574 3,646 4,900 5,5M 6,M 9:300 13:400 Per capita income relative (U.S.= 1.00) ........................... 1.07 1.00 1.03 1.03 1.03 1.03 t.03 1.02 1.02 1102 Total employment ........................................................... 112,939 117.145 131,467 152.200 155.801) 159.500 170.500 178.500 F.mploymcnt/population ratio ......................................... .44 .49 .49 .49 .49 .48 In Thousands of 1%7 Dollm Total personal Income ...................................................... W.056 733,671 1,041,742 1,066,183 I.M.978 1,557,700 1,910,600 2,104,600 2.W.100 5.051,400 Total earnings .................................................................. 468,176 6D6.746 955.742 962,622 876,583 1.241,300 1,434,600 1,657,700 2.259.700 3.8".500 Agriculture, forestry and rishcrics .............................. 20,604 12,840 16.550 lk462 13,231 15.9on 16.200 16.500 18,200 22,801) Agriculture -..................................................... 15,= 16,100 16.400 18,wo 22.700 @omstry and fisheries ;. .................................... (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Mining .......................................................................... 6D9 8,311 9,975 9,982 9,597 10,700 11,100 11,600 13.000 16,700 Metal .................................................................. ..... 7.400 7,5W 7.700 9,400 10,300 Coal ......................................................................... Crude petroleum and natural gas .......................... . (S) (S) (S) (S) Nonmetallic, except fuels ........................................ 3,000 3,300 4iOOO 515W Contract construction .................................................. 23,105 25.984 39,460 43,405 44.786 70,000 81,100 93.900 126.900 212.400 Manufacturing ................ ............................................ 245.M3 302,046 417,489 401.501 400,890 536,000 599,100 669,700 859,100 1.354.8110 Food and kindred products ...................................... 42,800 46,800 31,200 6100 95.700 Textile mill products ................................................ 45,600 45,300 45,000 48,700 59.700 'Apparel and other fabric products ........................... 30,700 33,900 37,500 46,8110 69,100 Luniber products and furniture ................................ 13,700 15,400 17 4M 22400 34.9w Paper and allied Erwmts ......................................... 16.800 19,100 21:700 29:300 44.99D Printing and pub ............................................. 12,500 14,800 17.6W 24,700 43.900 Chemicals and allied products ................................* 24,500 29.000 3.4.400 48,500 86.700 Petroleum refining ....................... ........................... 4,801) 5,500 7,300 12.400 Primary metals ................................... .*--- 79,100 83,8ro 99.900 102,000 133,9M Fabricated metals and ordnance .............................. 18,500 19,600 20.8w 24.300 32.400 Machinery, excluding electrical ............. *"** --- 62.000 72,100 83,800 113,800 197.500 F chin ................... ,,1.cct1n,a1,,in3 Ind supplies.. 79,601) 94,700 112,600 161,500 2w,900 r c @Jcs . cry. 70,200 79,400 101.301) 154.200 d equipment 62.000 Tranortal .I. (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) ton equip., cxc vcha .......... Ollie manufacturing ................................................ 43.300 47.900 53.000 66.900 101.000 Trans., comm. and public utilities *.......... --* *"**'* 29,739 37,162 51,758 53,599 54,628 71,300 82,200 94,900 128.2m 217.300 Railroad transportation ............................................ 8,300 7,700 7,200 6,400 5,100 Truckin 26,300 31,0M 36,600 50,800 97,900 "! and warchousing .................................. 01h nsportation and services ............................ 4,0001 4,700 5.500 7.300 11,700 Communimuous ...................................................... 10,900 13,400 16,500 24,900 49,000 Utilitics Wce., gas. sanitary) ................................... 21.600 25,000 28,800 38,600 63,400 Wholesale and retail trade ........................................... 69,723 86,756 110,986 116,605 121,628 165,300 186,400 210,20D 275,500 433,100 Finance, insurance and real estate .............................. 12,752 24,480 33,144 32,982 35,912 60.500 74.300 91,200 136,200 264.300 Services ....................................................................... 41,851 67,210 106,406 113,429 118,353 l"'200 248,W0 308,900 471,600 953.700 > places and personal services ...................... 13,800 14,8M 16,000 19,000 26,100 162.im and repair serviceit I............................. 34,900 44,600 57,100 91,700 197.700 Amusement and recreation services ..........I............. 5,700 6,500 7,500 10,0w 16,100 Private households ............................................ . 4,500 4,700 5,0ro 5.600 7,"D LI'D (D Professional sic"iccs ......................................... 140,100 176.801) 223,100 345,100 706,400 (M 0 rL Government ................................................................. 17,980 41,957 69,974 74,1156 i7,561 112.200 134,300 160.100 230,600 473,100 Federal government ................................................. 3,585 4,987 $.143 8,252 8,197 8,90D 9,400 10,000 10,900 13.200 State and local government ........................I............ 12,632 34,829 59.122 63,830 66.3% 100,500 121.600 147,100 215,000 402,300 Armed forces ............................................................ 1,762 2.141 2,709 2,774 2.%7 2,800 3.200 4,600 7,500 .Employment is for 1960. a- prcmntsSO.Olo99.9Krccniotthctmcvaluc c-rcprcscn(s 40.0 to 59.9 percent of the true value c-mprcscnts zero in 19.9 percent of the true value 1-reprcunts 60.0 to 79.9 percent or the true value d-mprescritit 20.0 to 39.9 percent or the true value TABLE 3-119 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC PROJECTIONS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 15-5, SMSA 15-5Trenton, NJ. TRENTON, N.J., 1950-2020, SERIES E 1972-E OBERS Projections 1958 19620 1%9 1970 1971 19" INS im 20M 2020 Population, midyear ........................................................ 231 .524 277.768 305,795 30S.223 310,600 358.300 U3.400 410.200 459,400 552,0W Per capita income (1%7 S) ............................................... 2.480 2.888 3,939 3,942 4,049 5,400 6,000 6,80D 9,000 14,300 Per capita income relative (U.S.= 1.00) ........................... 1.20 1.12 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.13 1.12 1.12 1.10 Lw Total employment ........................................................... 97,900 109.334 129.81301 165.200 176,900 109,300 218.200 255.9410 Employmcntipopulation ratio ......................................... .42 .46 .46 .47 .46 In Thousands of 1967 Dollars Total personal Income ...................................................... S74,2W $02,146 1.173,992 1.203,644 1,257,322 1.93S.300 2.336,900 2,821,700 4,143,300 7.930,30D Total earsit, . ................................................................... 497.946 738,483 1.037.804 1,066.773 1.116,631 I.M9,700 2A41,100 Z436.700 3.W.500 6,536.&W Agriculture, forestry and fisheries .............................. 6,963a 3.813b C680 3,035c 2.601c 6.100 6,2011 6.400 7,100 SAW Agriculture ............................................................... 6,10D 6.200 6,400 7,100 8AW Forestry and fisheries ........................................ . .... Mi c 9 308 a (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) M .......................................... . ................. Coal .......................................................................... Crude petroleum and natural gas ............................. (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Nonmetallic, except fuels ......................................... (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Contract construction ............................... . ................. 25.897 39,185 40,J82 45,733 45,805 70,000- $1,100 93,8W 126.700 211.800 ManufaLturin 331,102 462,400 517,100 SM,300 743,900 1.162,700 #...................... . ...................................... 228.863 271,230 340,849 321.901 Food and kindred products ....................................... . 14,WD 15,000 16.000 18,700 24.8W Textile mill products ...................... ........ ................. 1.400 1.3w 1.2w 1JW 1,100 Apparel and other fabric products ........................... 6,100 6.100 6.100 6'lw 7,100 Lumber products and fustuture ................................. 3,W0 3,300 3.700 4.700 7.100 Paper and Aied products ......................................... 919W 9.800 10.800 13.20D 19.0w CD Printing and publishing ............................................. 45,300 54.300 65.300 93.500 169,6W cr) 0 Chemicals and allW products ................................. 49.200 62.000 78,100 120.5001 241,300 00 Q, Petroleum refining .................................................... 13.700 15,400 17,400 22,400 34.700 Primary metals .............. ;.......................................... 10,900 11.60D 12.U10 14.100 18,5011 Fabricated metals and ordnance .............................. 72.9W 79.200 86,200. 105.50) 153.50D w Machinery. excluding electrical i....................... 49 '800 5318M 58,000 68.600 93.400 Electrical machinery and supptics ........................... 102,WW- 115.500 130.700 170.30D 261,1410 Motor vehicles and equipment ................................. (S S) (5) (S) (S) Transportation equip.. excl. mir. vchs .................... M M (S) (5) (S) Other manufacturing ................................................ 94.60D 98.200 92.000 104,20D 130,8110 Trans., comm. and public utilities ............................... 24.303 43,988 $2.951 52,075 53,996 82,100 9S.Soo 118,300 171.100 119.5w Railroad transportation ............................................ S.000 4.900 4,900 4,700 4.300 Trucking and warehousing ....................................... 26.000 30.8W 36,600 51.300 90,000 Other transportation and services ............................ 2.700 3,000 3.400 4,200 6,OOD Communications ...................................................... 31,700 39.900 50,200 78,600 162,200 Utilities (elec., gas. sanitary) ................................... 16.600 19,600 23,100 32.200 56,700 Wholesale and retail trade ........................................... 81,049 107,704 125,775 126,997 132,329 203.200 234.900 271,500 371.100 623AW Finance, insurance and mat estate .............................. 13,990 2BA31 3S,535 39.385 41,083 69.200 94.300 104,300 137.700 311.000 Services ................. I....................................I................ 61,459 12S,641 205,699 216.929 222.330 330,00D 482,700 613,100 %5.700 2.017.30D Lodging places and personal scrvimms ..................... 15,400 16,600 17,900 21.400 29,700 Business and '. 63,000 80.600 103,100 165'sw 356.900 A m u sc me nt = &c,",i,'c,c se.- i.c. x. 4,9W 6AW 7.6W 11,200 20.9uU Private households ............ . .................................. Professional services ................................... 05 O'D 37'0:6'W 171':O'DO 74 '400 Government ................................................................. 53,973 11S.263 229.926 258,577 2N'05) 436,70D 532.700 649,900 %3.900 I.M.700 Federal government ...............................I................. 3'"7 10,954 21,115 25,741 211.083 33,800 39.200 43.100 54,700 90,000 State and local government ...................................... 47.458 100.382 20).262 227,420 250,244 396.700 487.500 599,000 V".30D 1.754.500 Armed forces ........................................................... 2.429 3.929 5,449 5,416 5.726 6,000 6,8011 7.700 9.1w 16.100 *Employment is for 1960. &-represents 80.0 to W.9 percent of ft true value c-seprescuts 40A to 59.9 percent of the true value e-represents zem to 19.9 percent of the bw valor Is-rclirescal. 60.0 to 79.9 percent of the true value rl@reprcwntz 20.0 to 39.9 pcrceal of the true value TABLE 3-120 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC PROJECTIONS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 15-6, SMSA 15-6vinetand-Miliville-l;ridgelon, NJ. VINELAND-MILLVILLE- BRIDGETON, N.J. 1950-2020, SERIES E 1972-E OBERS Projectlonm 1950 1962- 1%9 1970 1971 190 1985 1990 2000 20M Population, midyear ..................................... . ............... 39,269 110,492 120.722 121,947 126,700 149.20D 157.2W 165.600 179.800 203,700 Per capita income (1967 $) ............................... .............. 2.084 2.664 3,275 3.W 3.347 4,500 5,100 5'8W 7.800 12.800 Per capita income relative (U.S- 1.00) ........................... 1.01 1.03 .95 .96 .94 .95 .95 .% .96 .97 I ' em to ........................................ 35,559 41.557 47,352 63.900 67,600 7f,500 $0,400 89,900 E41.Y.P.2 .39 43 .43 .43 .43 .44 in Thousands of 1967 Dollars Tout personal batome ...................................................... 186.041 294.339 395.377 407,644 424.M3 678.700 913,700 975.5W 1.409,800 2,611,500 Tout earridap . ..... . . .............................................. 161,"3 257.472 343.797 349,678 361.066 574,900 69300 811,400 1.154.600 2.096.100 Agriculture, forestry and fisheries .............................. 7,6.513 21,429 16,869 16,264 14,148 20,100 20.700 21.30D 23,700 29,900 Agriculture .......... . ................................ . ........... ..... 18,700 19.200 19.700 21.8W 27aW Foresuy wad fisheries ............................................ . 1,400 I.Sw 1,600 1.900 2.700 Mining ........ . ......................... . .......... 7- ** .......... .... I.M 3,128 3,320 3,455 3,660 4.200 4,600 5,000 6,000 3.3w Metal ....... ......................... . .................................... coal . . ...................................................................... Crude petroleum and natural gas ............................. (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Nonmetallic, except fuels .................... ................. 4aW 4,600 51000 6,000 9,300 Contract construction ............................... . ................. 7.OS2 12.906 16,8W 17,148 19,110 34,700 41,400 49,500 70.400 126,000 Manufac . ........ . .......... ................. .............. .... .70,679 115.460 153.402 150,SO7 149.960 232,200 269,200 312,000 425,900 729,800 Food and kindred products ................................ . .... 25,900 27,000 28,100 31,400 38,900 Textile mill products ......... ............... .... ................ 6.5W 6,500 6,600 7,300 9.200 Apparel and other fabric products ........................... 20.700 22400 24,1W 29100 412,700 umber products and furniture ................................ 1.300 1:400 1.40D 1:600 0D0 P ! and allied products ................ . ................. . .... 3300 3,8W 4,700 6.800 12.SW ting and publishing ....................................... ..... 8,100 91900 12,100 17.900 33.3W emicals and allied products ................................. 4,500 5.700 7,200 11,400 24.5W ctrolcum refining. ............................................. . .... (S) (S) (S) (S) (5) . ary metals .............................. . ......................... 111000 ' '100 1,200 1,400 I'llm bricated metals and ordnance .............................. .900 7,500 9,700 14.900 28.700 Machinery. excluding electrical ......................... ..... 7,400 9,300 9,300 11,800 18,000 Mectrical machinery and supplies ..................... . ... (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Motor vehicles and equipment ................................ 1.700 2,000 2,300 3,100 5,300 Transportation equip.. excl. mtr. vebs . .................... (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Other manufactdring ................................................ 144,300 171.300 203.300 297,300 510.1w Trans.. comm. and public utilities ........ . ..................... 8.371 18,696 28.199 30,483 33,189 48.OW 57,500 69'Wo 98.400 M,6W Railroad transportation ......................I..................... 2,900 2,gW 2.900 3.000 2.900 Trucking and warehousing ................I.................I 22.X00 27,5W 33,300 48,300 88.600 Other transportation me services ............................ 11,300 13.600 16,400 23.100 40.100 communications ...................................................... 8,100 10,000 12.500 19,2W 39.9W Utilities (clec.. gn, unitary) ................................... 2,900 3,300 3,700 4.600 6.9W Wholeiialc and retail trade ................. . ........................ 23.3% 32,628 44.456 45,087 47,547 78,400 93,900 112.5W 162,300 M.600 Financt, insurance and read estate .............................. 2,661 9.060 12,943 12,909 14,987 31,100 40,300 52.200 94.500 190.800 Scivices ...................................................................... 12,063 20,881 30,372 31.692 34,683 58,600 72,900 90,300 137,OW 274,2W ,a Lodging places and personal services .................... :' 4,300 4,700 3.2w 6,400 9,300 10 Busuicss and mpair services I.............................. 12,000 14,8W 18.2()0 27,300 52.800 Amusement and recreation services ........... . ........... 11000 1,100 l.M0 1,700 2,8W W (D Private households ............ . ......................... 1,400 1,500 11500 1,600 2.000 C) Professional services ......... . ............................ . 39,700 50,400 63,90D ".900 2(Y7.100 C.0 Government ........................................................... . .... 9,425 24,M 37,436 41.135 44.782 67,200 81.700 99.200 146,000 277.600 Federal government ............................. . .................. 794 2.221 2,379 2.656 2,551 3,000 3 300 3,600 4,200 5AW State and local government ...................................... 3,049 21,071 33,775 37.136 40.797 62.600 76:6W 91.600 139,300 267.600 Armed forces ........................................................... 592 1,002 1,282 1,344 1.434 1.500 1,700 1.9w 2,400 4.000 *Employrftnt is for 1960. a-rcprtscnts 810 to 99.9 percent of the true value c-rcpnscnts 40.0 to 59.9 percent of the true value e-represcas zero to 19.9 percent of the true value L a prg, Ch P Prim Fa b--represtats 60.0 to 79.9 percent of the true value d-mpm&cnts 20.0 to 39.9 percent of the true value TABLE 3-121 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC PROJECTIONS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 15-7, WILMINGTON, DEL.-N.J.-MD., 1950-2020, SERIES E SMSA 15- 7 Wit-logton, Del.-N.J.-Nid. 1972-E OHERS Projections > 19% 1962. 1969 19" 1971 I= Im im 2NO 2120 Popubbom, . ..... ....... 304" 432,944 492.101 5009B X6,749' 369.5m 606,10D 645.100 712,20D 841.ow (D Percapitaincom(l%7S) ......... .......... 2.924 3.341 4,152 4.154 4,276 5@m 6,300 7.29D 9,400 14J= Per Capita iOCOMC relative (U.S.-11.00) ................ IA2 129 1.21 1.20 1.21 1.19 1.19 1.17 1.15 1.12 117= 137AN 199,299 247,Of 264.40D 282-M 322,400 374,800 .40 3 .44 .44 .45 A5 lo'notmands of 1967 Dollan 04 Total personal wouram, ............................................... . .... w9m 1.446" 2.042.%? 2.031.8m U66,668 3.Z4.200 3.876.2W 4M5.700 Cm.90D 12.513.2W Tdal earmings ........................... ............. ...... ................ fi57.M 1,148,071 1.666A71 1.706,248 11779,514 2.647,200 3,150.600 3,749,800 5.343,700 9.935AW Agriculture, forestry and fisheries ................... ........ 27,100 1905 26.293 24.909 23.159 28,400 30120) 32.000 33.50D 44.400 Agriculture ................. ................. ...... .... .. n1m 29,700 31.60D 34,900 43.600 Forestry and fisheries ................... ... (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 350 90 1.016 1,134 1,133 1@m 1,300 1,400 1,700 2.40D cow - ----- - Crude pebdmm and natural (3) (S) (S) (3) m Nowntallic, except fuels ----- -- 1.100 1,300 1.400 1,700 2.30D Contract n.50 74,M 119.121 137,908 146.1" 205,200 240.000 280,600 385,400 6".700 manufacturin 756,M 739,916 772J97 1,125,100 1,3N.800 I.M.60D L074.M 3,531,0(10 F.......... . ...... . ......... 306.478 549,530 Food and kindred 13.900 16,700 17.300 19,701 24,M Textile mill . ......... 6,600 6,700 6,70D 7,400 9.500 Apparel mW other fabric products . . . . .......... . .... 3.600 5,100 4.70D 4.300 3.900 ....... 2.10D 2.30D 2,600 3,300 4,900 .......... 10.100 12,000 14,10D 19= 33.600 18,700 22,100 26.000 36JM 64.900 sallied products 660.900 775,700 910,400 1,2fflOM U90.700 putraLcum f1dining. ............. .......... ... . ........ . ... 111,600 21,1100 23,MO 30.900 49.100 prismary mdab ..... . ....... . ................ 2219M 714 3w 23,700 29'sm 311,101 Fabricated amtsls and ordnance ... . ............... ..... 23.000 25:700 n'800 37.2M 59.400 Machinery. excluding elecuical 10,600 11,800 13im NAM 25.700 Elochical machiscry and supplies .. ... .............. 1000 13.1m 15'm 21.3M M6110 Motor veldcks and ' ment... 222,400 26-1.100 31 I.M0 4N.100 735.30D Transportation equip.:cict. . . . . . . ........ 3,900 9'm 10.2m 12,100 16,600 Other mantuatturing...._ . ............... .. . . .... .... _... W900 ".500 111'sm 146,6W 237.700 Thms., comm and public atifities 44.5" 6i'm V@674 85,2" 91,043 126,100 147,400 172,300 239,700 429JM RagAroad ft-mmpmution ..... ...... 17.000 16,000 15,000 13,3M 10.6011 Trucking and 32,600 38.700 45,30D 642W 112.4W offiff asportation and 13,300 16,100 19AM 27.900 4912M C 28,000 35,600 45,100 71.900 154,fiM Utilities &kc. gas sanitary) ................................... 34,900 40,300 40M 62,300 lm@mo Wholesale and retail trade ... . ................ . ..... ......... 811=1 MAN 209,149 2fOZ7S 217,949 323@= 394,9W 457.5W 658.600 1.218,001 Finance, Insurance and mal estate 24.829 41.517 63" 67AM 71."3 121.800 151,500 138,400 28315w 539.600 Serrim ............ . ... ..... ...... ................ . ....... . . ...... 65.187 130A52 198.584 208.336 215@%G 376.6W 476,000 601,600 %4,700 2,077.2W lodpi places and personal services ................ 24,0W 27,0W 30.30D 39.100 59'sw and * wryim 71.200 91,200 116,7W 167,300 403.900 A'mosemeal === .......... ............... 14,100 16,30D 18,700 24J= 40,000 Print, households ---- -------- ------- --- -- 18,300 19,2m 2D.Ow ZZ,400 21,400 Professional wervices. .. . ..... ........ .................... . .. .. 248.700 321,50D 415.5m 670.800 1,474PO ewwersament . ......... 48,140 131,464 209,709 23L089 239.211 33SAM 408,600 493.000 714.5w 1.153.9m Federal government .......... .....:. ....................... . .... 19,611 27.636 40.721 44,070, 45.111 65,300 79,300 93,900 132,300 254,9W State and low government ............ . .................. . .... 24.661 68,731 121,766 136.510 149,457 229,700 280.900 343.6W 511.400 983,200 Artned farm& .. ................. 3190 35,076 47.222 51,509 43,643 43."D 49.100 M.400 70,700 115,600 -FUnplayment is for 1960. a--mTresents 80.0 to ".9 percent of the true value C-mTmwnts 40A to 59.9 pmwt of the true TAX c--mpmscau new to 19.9 percent of the Im value b-repmants 60.0 to 79.9 percent of the true value d-mpmwotg 20.0 to 39.9 percent of the true value HARRISBURG ECONOMIC AREA TABLE 3-122 INDEPENDENT CITY AND COUNTY BREAKDOWN FOR ECONOMIC AREA 16E - HARRISBURG, PA. 16-1 Harrisburg, Pa. SMSA Cumberland, Pennsylvania Dauphin, Pennsylvania Perry, Pennsylvania 16-2 Lancaster, Pa. SMSA Lancaster, Pennsylvania 16-3 York, Pa. SMSA Adams, Pennsylvania York, Pennsylvania 16-4 Altoona, Pa. SMSA Blair, Pennsylvania Non-SMSA Areas Bedford, Pennsylvania Franklin, Pennsylvania Fulton, Pennsylvania Huntingdon, Pennsylvania Juniata, Pennsylvania Lebanon, Pennsylvania Mifflin, Pennsylvania Montour, Pennsylvania Northumberland, Pennsylvania Snyder, Pennsylvania Union, Pennsylvania Appendix 3 271 TABLE 3-123 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC PROJECTIONS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 16, BFA Fconornic Area 016 Harrisburg, Pa. HARRISBURG, PA., 1950-2020, SERIES E t972-E OBERS Projections 1950 1%2- 1%9 1970 1971 im 11185 Im Z1100 2020 Population, midyear ........................................................ 1.427.165 1.619.378 1.709,366 1,736,211 1,749.034 1,906,400 1.9W.'sev 2.091,01 2'2.'4'(H)0 2,4m. 1 oo Per capita income (1%7 S) ............................................... 1,944 2,337 3,182 3,266 3.320 4,50D 5,100 3,800 7.8oo 12.700 Per capita income relative (U.S.= 1.00) ........................... .94 .90 .93 .94 .94 .94 .95 .95 .96 .% Total employment ........................................................... 550.237 604,123 711,591 857,501) 900,5D0 945,700 1,035,200 1.115,500 Emo!oyment/population ratio ......................................... .41 .45 .45 A5 .41 .45 Earnings per worker (1967 $) ................... ............... 6.360 .7.800 8,900 10.100 12,960 21,400 Earnings per worker relative (U.S.- 1.00) ....................... .90 .90 .91 .91 .92 .94 in 11ousands of 1%7 Dollars Total persons I income ................................................... 2.774.940 3,794,305 5.4.38,872 5,671,209 5.806.333 8,611,100 10,294.000 12,305,900 17,395,600 31.367,200 Total earnings ................................... .............................. 2.275.302 3,057,930 4,397,644 4,525,943 4.590,010 6,761.100 8.037,200 9,554,106 13.398.80D 23,979,80111 Agriculture, forestry and fisheries .............................. 194,615 117,125 172,941 173,353 140.938 165,900 171,700 177.600 197,L'00 249.800 Agriculture ............................................................... 172.638 173,008 140,584 165.500 171,100 177.000 197.100 248,600 Forestry and fisheries .............................................. 303 347 353 (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 53,537 31,359 24,598 26,893 24,668 26,100 26.400 26.800 29.300 36,500 ................ ...................................................... (D) (D) 6,000 6,100 6,200 6,700 8.300 .... .................................................................. (D) Coal .................................. ....................................... (D) (D) (D) 3.700 5,500 5,700 6,700 Crude petroleum and natural gas ............................. 65 55 63 (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Nonmetallic, except fuels ........................................ 13,098 14,146 12,644 14.000 14,400 14,900 16.600 21,300 Contract construction .................................................. lt7,669 152,623 294,445 324,152 324.745 446,300 523.100 613,100 831,700 1,393,100 Manufacturing ............................................................. 771,507 1,091,383 1,643,254 1,648,109 1,612,179 2,352,700 2,739.000 3,188.800 4.276,400 7.093,600 Food and kindred products ................ ..................... 165,645 17W29 177,931 224,200 253,000 285.500 356,800 523.5w ,rextiie mill products .............I.................................. 72,538 69,0146 68.280 77,500 80,500 83.500 94.600 122,900 > A pparcl and other fabric products ........................... 142,095 134,482 132,374 194,200 201,900 221,400 271,000 392,3110 Lumber products and furniture ............ ................... 76,328 73,046 73,672 100,900 114.900 130,900 168.300 259,900 "0 Paper and allied products ......................................... 66,746 68.720 66,551 102,400 120,300 141,500 192,300 322,900 '0 Printing and publishing ............................................. 75,931 79.621 91,152 123.600 149,800 181,600 258,600 464,000 W CD Chemicals and allied products ................................. 44,410 43,423 46,980 68,900 81,200 95.700 133,500 234,900 _I @S Petroleum refining .................................................... 5,802 5,443 6,118 7.800 $1900 10.200 13,100 20,100 W @L Primary metals ......................................................... 151,217 151,294 146.101 169.900 178,400 187,400 212,600 275,100 Fabricated metals and ordnance .............................. (D) (D) (D) 213,200 251,400 2%,500 404,900 681,400 Machinery, excluding electrical ........... 223,135 228,772 222,613 34S.300 412,9(10 493,600 674,500 1.136,800 Electrical machinery and supplies 130,633 135,293 128.492 226,500 283,300 354,200 532,600 1.035,000 Motor vehicles znd equipment ................................. 18,349 17,190 20,547 32,600 40,300 49.900 72,100 130,500 Transportation equip., excl. mtr. vchs . .................... 60,816 63.863 55,073 90.500 97,000 116,9DO 156,000 249,000 Other manufacturing ................................................ (D) (D) W 394,500 461.300 539,400 734,8110 1.242,500 Trans.. comm. and public utilities ............................... 243.637 264,737 322,992 337,204 353.436 490,900 580,800 697,100 %3,600 1,735,400 Railroad transportation ............................................ 97647 86 92 97,463 81 300 77200 73 300 67 600 59200 Trucking and warehousing ....................................... 107:982 113:634 124.478 192:100 236:600 291:300 426:600 798:600 Other transportation and servi .cc& ............................ 17,612 20,970 19,030 28.600 34,400 41,400 58,600 103,900 Communications ...................................................... . 57,081 60,795 63,914 105,400 132,200 163.9001 253,900 310'loo Utilities (elec., gas, sanitary) ................................... 52,570 55,615 59,552 83,200 97.900 115.100 156.700 263.300 Wholesale and retail trade ........................................... 349,713 467.027 633,480 658,259 697.161 998.100 1.160,600 1,349.500 1.835,300 3,0N.400 Finance, insurance and real estate .............................. 51.200 93,242 131,962 137,215 146,150 246.400 307,000 392.600 575,400 1,115,400 Scnices ....................................................................... 1981ISS 319,402 492.295 513.427 545.883 960,400 1,213,600 1.533,500 2.377,200 4.919.900 Lodging places and personal services ...................... 61,522 63,664 64.732 81.900 90,300 "'500 121,100 173,300 Business and repair services .............................. 65,502 66.783 70,082 133,100 174.200 227,900 377,100 857.200 Amusement and recreation c 15,050 15,506 16,421 23,900 28,300 33.500 45,900 .78,500 Private households. ............ se"I 20.311 19.983 19,756 22,600 23.800 25,000 28.000 35,90111 Professional Services ................................................ 329,9(0 347,488 374,890 698.700 895,400 1,147.5W 1.804.800 3,774.700 Government ..................................... . .......................... 295.269 521.029 671,780 707,330 734,448 1,071,900 1,308,600 1,594.600 2,311,801) 4.367,300 Federal 4overnment ............................I..............1 115.901 222.118 207,798 212,740 222,037 304,400 359,900 425.500 376.100 1.046,400 State and kicol government ...................................... 144,638 26J,900 427.809 459,129 473,002 7211.500 "2. too 1.116.900 1,669,100 3,212.100 Aimed foiccs ...................... ..." ................. 34,729 33.009 363741 35,461 39.409 41,0w) 46.2011) 52,100 66,500 toll.700 'N"ploymont TABLE 3-124 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC PROJECTIONS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 16-1, HARRISBURG, PA., 1950-2020, SERIES E SMSA 16-lHarrisburg, Pa. 1972-E OBERS Projecdous 1950 1962* 190 15@0 1971 im 1985 1"0 2000 2020 PRpulation, midyear ........................... 317.294 379344 406,739 413,440 417.572 456.7M 497,100 519,4W 569200 65 .4 3,437 3,583 4,800 5.400 6,200 8:200 183,20-0 rcapita income (1%7 $) ..................................... 2,206 2:569 3.357 1.00 Per capita income relative (U.S.- 1.00) ................. 1.07 .99 .99 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01 Total employment 129.368 146,586 174,646 210,900 225,M0 240,20D 270,200 303,300 ':-----**** ............. .46 Employmcnt/population ratio . . ..................................... .42 .46 .46 .46 .47 in Thousands of 1967 Dollars Total personal Income ...................................................... 699,860 974.661 1,365.619 1.429,1% 1,496.193 2,M7,100 2.675.500 3,243,300 4.6%1.100 9,755,300 Total earnings ........................................... 1.1111-1-1-1- 602,796 877,237 ),207,998 1,253,124 1.305.435 1.9131700 2.296,100 2.751.900 3.909,600 7. 1 Z5,500 Agriculture. forestry and fisheries .............................. 20,937a 11,374a 18.762a 18.9620 15.896a JUN 20.00 21,10Ct 23,500 29,700, Agriculture...... ........................................................1 19,700 20,300 21,000 23,4130 29.500 Forestry and fisheries .............................................. (S) (S) (S) . (S) Mining ...........................................I......................I 1,385d 1,24?b 943b 1.146b 671b 900 900 1,000 1,000 1,300 Metal ;I................................................... Coal .......................................................................... (S) (S) Crude petrolcum and natural gat ............................. (S) IS) (S) (S) (S) Nonmetallic. except fuels ........................................ Boo 800 800 900 1,100 Contract construction .................................................. 33,118 43.763 86,369 82,443 93,381 121,900 143,000 167.800 227,400 378,400 Manu 146,549 196,339 290,068 296,700 290,51131 419,600 498,400 M81500 70,800 1,273,900 Fo facuin' -j ............................................. 90,300 91.500 104,200 132,200 199,9% od and kini,@a ucts ...................................... 16.700 22,000 Textile mill products .......................................... . .... 13,400 14,000 14,600 Apparel and other fabric products ........................... 22.8w 23,81V 24,900 27.800 34,900 lumber products and furniture ......................... 2700 2,900 3.2M 3,800 5.100 Paper and allied Eroducts .......... ........................ 8:200 91800 11,700 16.200 27.900 Printing and pub thing ...................................... 17,800 21.W0 24.900 33,90D 57.100 IS) Chemicals and allied products ............................. Boo 2,001) 1.8 'Asu) Petroleum refining .................................................... 52,200 54,300 56,300 63,200 9D.100 Primary metals .......................... ....................... 27,000 31,ODO 35.600 46,200 72.200 Fabricated metals and ordnance .............................. 26,200 32,600 40,500 59.400 112.800 Machinery, excluding electrical ............................... 76,100 94,8W 118,200 176,600 340,100 Electrical machinery and supplies .................. 17 log 26,600 39,100 72.300 Motor vehicles and equipment ........................... 94,000 Transportation equip.. excl. mtr. vehs ..................... 23:800 31,300 38,100 51,500 Other manufacturins ................................................ 47,101) 55110D 65.11W 91 A00 15900 Trans., comm. and public utilities .............................. 77,794 81.814 107,886 115,633 122,439 170500 204.100 244.400 35015M 652.500 26,000 24,500 22.100 18,900 Railroad transportation ............................................ 27.600 d warehousing ........... 63,500 901100 101,100 154J00 304,900 ""011102 an 13,700 16.200 22,400 38.300 O'he'. luportation and services ........................... 11,500 74,200 111,700 218,700 Communications ............ ..................................... 49,200 59.000 Utilities (clec., gas, saniii@;) ..................................* 19,500 23,400 28,200 39,900 71,600 Wholesale and retail trade ............ ....................... 94,975 135.929 195.390 192,907 210,165 289,200 333,600 389.400 5V11100 976,800 Finance, insurance and real estate ....................... 23,296 39,624 60,405 63,241 66,776 108,300 135,400 169,400 256,300 502.2W Services ....................................................................... 60,889 99,038 154,842 161,863 j70,285 293.100 367,900 461,SDO 705,700 1,421.300 lg;lAg places and personal services ...................... 23,400 26.000 29,900 35,600 5119M B net$ & d 1 43,500 55,900 71.700 114,700 247.100 " re services .................................... 8,500 10.200 12 16700 29900 Amusement an1rclercation services ........................ 4,900 51200 5:"O'D 6:300 8:200 Private households .................... .............................. 212.500 270,200 343,400 532,200 11095,200 t,4D (D professional services ................. ............... .............. 0 140.507 275.125 311 832 328826 343.547 492,000 598.600 728.300 1,054,600 1,989.100 a Ocivernment ................................................................. 433,0DO H. Feder,,J government .................. .............................. 69.991 136.967 104:809 l(Y7:508 113.968 145,300 168,100 194,400 253,300 State and local government ...................I.................. 56,139 120,153 192,121 207.094 212,814 331,900 413,500 315.300 777,900 1,516.600 Armed fow,s ................................ ........................... 14,376 18.005 14.903 14.232 16,765 14.800 16,600 18,500 23,300 37.40D .Employment is for 1960. ft- represents 80.0 to 99.9 percent of the true value c-rcprcacnts 40.0 to 39.9 percent of the true value c-represents zero to 19.9 percent of the true value b-mpresents 60.0 to 79.9 percent of the true value d-representii 20.0 to 39.9 percent of the true value TABLE 3-125 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC PROJECTIONS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 16-2, SMSA 16-2 Lancaster, Pa. LANCASTER, PA., 1950-2020, SERIES E 1972-E OBERS Projections 1950 19620 1969 1970 1971 1960 1995 1990 2000 2020 Population, midyear .............................. . ........................ 234.919 294,325 313,699 322,301 326,403 366.900 394.100 402,000 426.700 468.200 Per capita4acome (1%7 S) ...... . ....................................... 2.160 2401 3.319 3,394 3,406 4,600 5,200 5.900 7.900 12,900 Per capita income relative (U.S.- 1.00) ........................... 1.05 1.01 .97 .97 .97 .97 .97 .97 .98 Total cmploymcnt..@ ........................................................ 97,629 113.364 139,025 172,600 180.700 189.100 205,80D 218.600 Employmcut/population ratio ......................................... A3 .47 .47, .47 .48 .47 In Thousands of 1967 Dollars Total personal bwow ...................................................... 507.485 739.463 1.047.899 1,091,399 1,111,572 1,694,200 2.020,200 2.409.00D 3,399.800 6,043.200 TOW earnings .................................................................. 423.M 609,T79 80.508 976,90 883,790 1.340.100 1.587,700 I.M.900 2,622.500 4.633,100 Agriculture, forestry and fisheries .............................. 66.520 45,575 56,405 56.210 48,935 58,800 60,700 62,600 69.700 0,000 Agriculture .. ............................................................ 58,700 60,5110 62,500 69,600 97,800 Forestry and fisheries .............................................. (S) (S) (S) (S) (s) 10 ND (D Mining ............................................................. .. 1.474 2.121 2.779 3,386 3,541 3,600 3.600 3,700 4,100 51200 Mew ...................................................................... :: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Coal ......................................... ................................ Crude petroleum and natural gat ............................. Nonmetallic, except fuels ........................................ 3.500 3,500 3,600 4,000 5,000 W Contract construction ........................................... 24.475 32.633 53,099 S4.739 61.205 04.500 97,700 113,001) 149,500 239,500 Manufacturu 176,073 299,9% 397.366 401.926 389,902 587,800 697.500 BD412W 1.097.100 1.820,500 . * .................................................... ........ Food and kindred products ...................................... 40.400 43.500 51,100 63,500 92,300 Textile mill products . . ........ .................................... 15,300 15.900 16,600 19,000 24.900 Apparel and other fabric products . ......................... 32.900 36,40D 40.200 49,80D 73,300 Lumber products and furniture ................................ 13,800 15,900 19,400 24,100 39,400 Paper and allied products ......................................... 7,700 9,100 10.800 14.900 25.6UO - a:t7b as ...... . ............................. 33,000 40,100 48,600 69,500 125,200 Ph.Z.d .red products ......................... 15,100 18,300 22,200 32.300 60.400 Petroleum refinin& . ...... (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Primary metals ......................................................... 29.500 31.500 33,700 39.300 53,000 Fabricated metals and ordnance .............................. 74.300 97.000 101,900 137,400 227.300 Machinery. excluding electrical ............ . ................. 69,400 81.700 KIDD 127.500 205.300 Electrical machinery and supplies ........................... 64,800 105,30D 130,800 194.400 371,4410 Motor vchiclus and Cquiputiril ................................. (S) (S) (S) (S) (N) Transportatioa equip.. cxl mtr. vebs ..................... 16,700 20.500 25,100 35.000 5K,700 Other manufacturing ................................................ 153,300 179.100 206.700 277.900 461.000 Trans., conam. and public utilities ......................... t9,970 33A% 42,241 4S.179 47AIA 74.400 99,400 107,500 152,600 274,600 Itailroad transportation ............................................ 4.000 4.000 4,000 4AW 4.200 Trucking and warehousing ....................................... 33,200 40,40D 49200 70600 129,000 Other transportation and services ............................ 5.900 7,100 8:500 12:100 21.400 Communications ...................................................... 14,600 19,400 23,200 36.000 73,600 Utilities (elec., gas, sanitary) ................................... 16.600 19,300 22,300 29.600 47,400 Wholesale and retail trade ..................................... . .... 68,949 88,729 120,909 130,070 136.094 199,400 233,100 272.500 374,000 636.100 Finance, insurance No red estate .............................. 7.329 14.7Z? 20,290 21,2U 23.Z76 40.300 $0,400 61,000 95 186.1w Services .............................................................. 33AM 60.901 90,857 95,066 101,995 194.200 233,000 294,700 457,800 9Q,400 Lodping places and personal services ...................... 19,900 22.200 24,900 31.000 45,8U0 Business and repair services ........................... 29.500 38,800 51.100 85,300 195.600 Amusement and recreation services ........................ 4,100 4.900 5,900 8.200 Private households ............ . ..................................... 4,9DO 5.100 5.300 5.800 7,200 Professional services .................................. 125.600 161.400 207.400 3V,300 6X5.300 Governmat .................. . 25,05 41,iW 64,572 68,11M 71.333 106AM 130,400 159,300 232,000 413,6()o Federal liovernment ............. ................ 8.276 10A3 84 421 1 I.M 14.100 17,000 23,400 43,700 15,497 1 59k, State and local government ...................................... 27,959 52:7,75 56749 017 90.20D I 10,9w 136.300 201.000 377,900 Armed forces- ......................................................... 1.642 2,744 3.613 3,646 3,947 4,700 5.300 5,900 7,400 12,0w oumployment is for 1960. a-rcliresents 80.0 to 99.9 percent of the true value L-represcrits 40.0 to 59.9 percent of the [me value c-reprevents xcro to 19.9 percent of the live value b-rcpmscnLz 60.0 to 79.9 percent of the true value d-reprosesits 20.0 to 39.9 percent of the true value V TABLE 3-126 DEMOGRAPHIC AND.ECONOMIC.PROJECTIONS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 16-3, YORK, PA., 1950-2020, SERIES E SMSA 16-3 York, Pa. 1972-F. 01RERS Projections 1930 igue 1969 1970 1971 1960 1995 3990 2NO 2020 mlat@n. midyear ........................................................ 247146 297,715 325.710 332.022 336,121 371.200 391.400 412.800 442800 49Z goo p is income 05167 S) ............................................... 2:672 2,407 3,323 3,448 3,417 4,600 5.200 6,000 7:900 12:900 Per capita income relative (U.S.= 1.00) ............................ 1.01 .93 .97 .99 .96 .97 .97 .97 .99 .98 Total employment ........................................................... 1103.284 115.929 140.8013 172,OW lgl.5W 191,600 210.900 227,8W Employmeatipopulation ratio .. . ..................................... .42 .46 .46 .46 .48 .46 In Thousands of 1967 Dollm Total personall lamme ............... . ..................................... 516,928 716,691 IM.229 1,144.8" 11,148,544 1.718,900 2,064.900 t,180,50(1 3,525.900 6,372,300 Tow earubw .................................................................. 422.442 555.905 U5,425 932.249 916,668 1,364.&W 1,628,600 1.943.3W 2,736,100 4.M.400 Agriculture, forestry and fisheries .............................. 33.722a 17.090a 30.31 &a 33,099 21.773 23,000 23,700 24.500 27,3W 34.500 Agriculture ...... . ....................................................... 23,00D 23.700 27.20D 34.300 Forestry and fishories .............................................. (S) (S) (S) (S) (8) Mum ..... .. ....... ....................................................... Z e 4,482 4,265 4,800 4,900 5.000 $.5W 6,900 (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) cog ....................................................... . ............... (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Crude pebolimus and natund gas .... .................. ... (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Nonmetallic. except fuch ... . ................................... 41.500 4.7W 4,800 5.30D 6,600 Contract coustruction ........... ................ ............... ... .23@M '.U.710 79.355 111334 102.244 140,100 1691we 204,OW 29DISW 5r,900 Manufacturin . P................... ...... . ............. . ................. 204,954 266.477 423.235 422,161 411.949 601,2W 701,100 917.5W 11095.900 t,809.500 Food and kindred products .................................. . .. 39,600 44,300 49,700 61,400 98,400 Textile mill products ......... . ..................................... 20,900 .21.700 22.600 25,800 33.9W Apparel and other fabric products ........................... 30,50D 33,300 36.400 44,30D 63.7W ................................ 39,900 45,OOD 5018W 64.400 97.200 ................................. 44,300 51,900 60,700 81,900 136.100 ........................... . .... 39.400 46.900 57,200 92,400 150,400 Ghc ' als and Acd, ucts .............. . ................. 2,30D 2,600 2,9W 3,600 5.3W Petroleum refining ....................... ......................... VW 4,100 4.7W 5,9W SAM Primary metals ......................................................... 23.200 24,900 26,600 31,000 41,SW Fabricated metals and ordnance .............................. 811000 95,900 113.600 IS6.100 265.100 Machinery, excluding electrical ............................... 146.000 173.5W 706.300 278,900 459.900 Electrical machinery and supplies ...................... .... 32,700 41,500 52,600 8018W 162.000 Motor vehicles and equipment ................................. 8.900 10,700 13AD 18,100 30,8W TrunsportaLiou equip.. cid mtr. vchs . ................... (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Other manufacturing ................................................ 89.20D 103,40D 11918W 160.700 265.600 Trans., comm. and public utilities ............................... 20.519 35.169 48.727 50.195 34.028 81,400 98,200 118.400 169,200 308,5W Railroad transportation ............................................ 4,800 4,700 4,700 4.600 4.400 T O%kmg and warehousing ....................................... 39,9W 48.300 58,600 83.601) 150.500 , r "sportation slid services ............................ 5,100 6,400 7.900 1 l'SW 22,3W Communications ...................................................... 14,300 18,300 23.50D 37.400 79.OW Utilities.(clcc., gas. sanitary) ................................... 17.200 20,100 23.500 31,600 32,200 Wholesale and retail trade ........................................... 57.196 96" 129,340 133,233 139,425 203,700 240,400 283.600 395,200 694.500 Finance. insurance and real coule ...................... 6,359 13.529 17.934 19,400 20,096 36,200 45.600 57.100 87.500 173.300 > Services .............................................I.......................... 32.817 57,032 87,496 90,856 95,459 170,600 216,8W 275,600 431,700 90,1.20D Lodging places and personal services ...................... 14.600 16,100 17,800 21,700 31.000 Business and rclair xcr@iccs .............................. 27,600 36,300 47.8W 79,900 183,400 n Amuse cntan Fccrcationserviccs ........................ 4,900 5'8W 6.9ou 9.6m Wam E,,.@ (D Private"houscholds ................................................... 4.500 4,700 5,000 5.6w 7.20D -4 0 Professional services ................................................ 118.800 133,300 197,900 314,700 665.600 al CL Government ........................................... 14 3:793 311.591 62,11A 61.509 67,429 103,400 127.300 156.8M 232.50D "7.700 Federal government ..................................... 416 6,713 9,490 9.615 9,302 11.900 13,600 15.500 19.SW 32,600 State and local government ................................ 17,979 28,223 48.004 51.194 52,986 85.200 106,600 133,400 2U2.800 399.200 Armed forces ........... ....................I......................... 13.502 3.655 4,741 4.700 5,142 6.200 7.000 7,8W 9,800 ONE) -Employment is for 1960. 0--represcrits 90.0 to 99.9 percent of the true value c-rcluesents 40.0 to 39.9 percent of the true value c-rclimacuts wro to I" percent of the true value li-represents W.0 to 79.9 percent of the true value d-rcluescals 20.0 to 39.9 percent of the true valur TABLE 3-127 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC PROJECTIONS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 16-4, ALTOONA, PA., 1950-2020, SERIES E SMSA 16-4 Altoona, Pa. 1972-E OBERS Projections 1950 1962. 1%9 1970 1971 1980 1995 19" 2000 2020 Population, midyear ................................................... 139,633 139,261 135.498 136,203 135,551 141,800 10.8m 152.00D 159,900 174.900 Per capita income (1 %7 S) ............ 1,770 2,098 2,850 2,931 3,017 4,100 4,700 5,400 7.2(X) 12,000 p., capita income relative (U.S. .96 .81 .83 .94 .85 .97 .97 AR .91 Total cinpl.ymcna ........................................................... 47.628 46,255 50,121 57,800 60.300 62,900 68,600 74,300 1. -ploymeWpupulation ratio ......................................... .37 At .41 At .43 A3 in Thousands of 1%7 Dollars Total personal income ...................................................... 247,146 292,105 386.124 399,181 408,933 587,700 697,400 827,600 1,164,900 2,107,300 Total earnings .................................................................. 198,743 231.600 306,955 312,437 314.983 450,200 531,600 627,8W 878,100 1,581.900 > Agriculture. forestry and fisheries .............................. 4,315 2,767 4,578 4,697 3,988 51900 6,100 6,300 7,000 8,90D Agriculture ............................................................... 5,9W 6,100 6,300 71000 8.900 Forestry and fisheries .............................................. (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) W (D Mining... ....................................................................... 2,329 2,421 373 347 327 (S) (S) (S) IS) (S) @:s Metal ........................................................................ CL Coal .......................................................................... (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) W. Crude petroleum and natural gas ...................... ...... X Nonmetallic, except fuels ........................................ (S) (S) (5) (S) (S) W Contract construction .................................................. 8,292 8.037 18,453 18,794 18,774 17.900 19,600 21.500 25,700 34,400 Manufacturing ............................................................. 31,469 65,133 99,976 99,00 94,674 146.2W 174.100 207.300 288.600 3W,800 Food and kindred products ...................................... 14,900 17,300 20,000 26.200 41.700 Textile mill products ..................................... .......... 8.900 8,90D 8,900 9,400 11,100 Apparel and other fabric products ........................... 8,200 9,400 10.8m 14.200 22.500 m rp nets and furniture .. ............................. (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) !and icd products ......................................... 19,800 23,000 26,600 35.300 57.100 n ng and publishing ............................................. 14,100 17,200 21.W0 30,200 55,100 emicals and allied p Vets ................................. (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 'Ptrolcum refinint; ......................................... .......... (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Metals .............................. 2.300 2,400 2.900 3,900 @51= net., ....... ...... ............... 91600 12,000 14,900 22,ODD 41,000 Machinery. excluding electrical ............................... 17,200 2t,400 26,700 38,800 71,000 Electrical machinery and supplies ................ .......... 15,900 20,200 25,600 39,300 78.90D Motor vehicles and equipment ................................. 2,0D0 2,400 2.900 4,'*0 6.900 Transportation equip., excl. mtr. vchs ..................... 3.900 4.600 5,600 7.700 12.600 Other manufacturing ..................................... . ......... 27.90D 33,300 39.801) 56,100 ".300 Trans., WITIM. and public utilities ......................... . ..... 83,210 59,535 55.473 55.7,44 53,912 62,100 67.700 73,800 92.600 149.100 Railroad transportation ............................................. 31,400 29,500 27.700 25.000 21.100 Trucking and warehousing ........................................ 12,800 15,600 19,0DO 27 300 49700 Other transportation and services .......................... ;.. 1,000 1.200 1,400 2:0D0 3:700 Communications ...................................................... 10,100 12.900 16.700 26,500 56.300 Witics (elcc., gas, sanitary) .................................... 6,700 7,700 81900 11.600 18,10D Wholesale and retail trade ............................................ 32,173 37,475 47,179 48,447 30,599 67.800 76,5W 86,400 111,500 170,400 Finance, insurance and real estate . ............................. 3,697 6,309 7.762 7,816 8,627 14,600 17,700 21,400 30,600 54 Ism Services ....................................................................... 16,140 23,264 39.759 42.552 45.478 85,100 110,10D 142,500 230,100 509,200 I.od$ing places and personal %erviccs ...................... 4,600 4.900 5.3m 6.0m 7.RM Busin 35 and ............ 8,900 11.700 13,300 25,300 57..500 Am..Acm@rtt ..To:cr`ca"fia`n"acrvicc& ........................ 1,700 2,000 2,400 3,4nO 6.000 *Private households ..................................I1 1,900 2,000 2,100 2,300 3,000 Prorcssional services ........... .......... ........... 67,900 89,200 117,300 192,900 434,700 Government ......................... 17,117 24.638 33.402 35,534 36.604 49,900 5R, 100 68,0r* 91,200 14-1.9M Fcdcral government .......... *:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::@::: 2,022 4,892 6.084 6.593 6,734 10,000 12.(W 14.400 19.900 17,000 State and local government ...................................... 14.074 18.261 25.528 27.165 27,937 37,400 43.500 50.6W 67.5W 106,80() Ar.cd forocs ........................................................... 1,021 1,484 1,790 1.773 1,933 2.300 2,600 3,000 1.700 6.(Xx) 'Froplov.-M i, r"r VKA. a -rc1irr%rW%80.01WY).9 percent of the title value c-telircscnii4O.Oi@)5q.()pcrcutilofiliclnicvulite C-NPICK1111 7.CF0 10 19.9 PCMC111 of the true Value h --reptelcal' 14,0to 79.11 perccill ofthe true value d-rclrescao 20.0 to 39.9ftcructif of the true value' 'N ,BALTIMORE ECONOMIC AREA TABLE 3-128 INDEPENDENT CITY AND COUNTY BREAKDOWN FOR ECONOMIC AREA 17E - BALTIMORE, MD. 17-1 Baltimore, Md. SMSA Anne Arundel, Maryland Baltimore County, Maryland Baltimore City, Maryland Carroll, Maryland Harford, Maryland Howard, Maryland Non-SMSA Areas Caroline, Maryland. Dorchester, Maryland Frederick, Maryland Kent, Maryland Queen Annes, Maryland Somerset, Maryland Talbot, Maryland Washington, Maryland Wicomico, Maryland Worcester, Maryland Accomack, Virginia Northampton, Virginia Kent, Delaware Sussex, Delaware Appendix 3 277 TABLE 3-129 00 $a, DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC PROJECTIONS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 17, BALTIMORE, MD., 19,50-2020, SERIES E REA Economic Area 017 Baltimore, Md. 1972-E OBERS Projections 1950 1%2- 1%9 19* 1971 1980 11135 1990 Im 2020 Population. midyear ........................................................ 1,933,904 2.409.1 2,650,547 2,679.935 2,710,141 2,822,900 2,940,400 3,062,700 3,234,400 3,579,300 Per capita income (1 %7 S) ............................................... 2.191 2,661 3,518 3,570 3,641 4,8" 5,500 6.2m 8.200 13.400 Per capita income riclative (U.S.- 1.00) ........................... 1.06 1.03 1.02 1.03 1.03 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.01 1.01 Total employment ........................................................... 774.807 897.875 1,097.132 1,252,600 1,306,600 1.362.800 1,482,80D 1,609.600 Employment/population rati .41 .44 A4 .44 .46 .45 0......................................... Earnings per worker (1%7 S) - ....................................... 7,032 8,600 9,700 10,900 13,900 22,81010 Earnings per worker relative (U.S.= 1.00) ....................... .99 .99 In Thousands of 1%7 Dollars Tot.1 personal lnoazac..@ ................................................... 4,241,131 6,408,821 9,323.914 9,566,704 9,966,597 13,749,706 16.247.500 19,1",000 26,789,100 47,969.100 Total emaings .................................................................. 3,494,996 5,238,379 7,530.465 7,645,079 7.802,034 10,812,700 12,710,200 14,940,700 20,665,900 36,699,70D Agriculture. forestry and fisheries .............................. 215,097 161,989 225.495 197,751 161,173 198,900 205,400 212,100 235,800 296,900 Agriculture ............................................................... 223,391 185,254 159,674 1%,200 202,600 209,300 232,700 M.800 Forestry and fisheries ............................................- 2,115 2,497 2,501 2,700 2,700 2.800 3,100 4,WO Mining ...................................................................... ". 7,653 8.756 3,864 3,702 3,363 4,100 4,300 4,400 5,000 6,400 Metal ........................ ............................................... (D) .27 -47 (S) (S) (S) (S) Cost ................... ;................................................. (D) 168 203 (S) (S) (S) (S) Crude petroleum and natural gas ............................. 253 473 505 (S) (S) (S) (S) Nonmetallic, except fuels ........................................ 2,421 3,086 2,701 3,100 3,100 3,100 3,400 4,200 Contract construction .................................................. 274,936 332,623 455,362 500,784 532,640 679,500 789,100 916,400 1,231,400 2,062.200 Manufacturing ............................................................. 1,041,783 1,618,355 2,073,977 2,006,416 1.921,257 2,W8,000 2,938,900 3,311,500 4,254,600 6,661,100 Food and kindred products ...................................... 261,340 268,979 262,197 320,300 345,01)(1 371,600 439,900 605,100 Textile mig products ................................................ 15,057 (D) (D) 14,700 13,800 13,MD 13.300 15.000 Apparel and other fabric products ........................... 132,231 121,722 114,172 149,700 161,900 175.000 210,700 2".700 Lumber products and furniture .............. ................. 52.204 51.809 53,666 67,400 75,000 93,400 104.400 155.9011) Paper and allied products ......................................... 30,111 30,499 49,729 76,700 90,400 106,5M 145,300 244.700 Pnn=d lu=ng ............................................. 121,143 12D,024 124.613 191,900 226,200 266,600 367.500 632,900 Che ad products ................................. 148,100 149,794 149,117 231,100 278,000 334,400 476,000 966,M Petroleum refining ...................**** ---- (D) 9,436 10.994 12.500 13,300 14,000 16,500 22.600 Primary metals ......... ........... .................................. 400.529 396,259 358,231 449,900 490,900 535."0 635,11M 870.200 Fabricated metals ani ordnance .............................. (n) (D) (D) 248,800 291,300 318,000 412,900 653,000 Machinery, excluding electrical .............. ................ 132268 132,029 126,0% 191,200 230.100 277,000 391.100 64g,fim Elc=ac.lia d supplies ........................... 104:119 94.254 73,398 109,100 122,400 138,300 195,800 312,000 M. 1, rd,q'unipmeat ............................ .... 127,113 05 3 70 is 30 67000 89 ODD 213,800 278.400 443,000 142,566 128712 2:5,97 1.28400 1135400 142,700 162.800 213,500 Transportation equip'. excl. mtr. vchs . .................... Other manufacturing ................................................ 191,277 173,710 169,206 249,600 283,000 320,800 421,500 681,100 Trani.. comm. and Public Utilities ............................... 339.167 454,672 564,513 590,368 613,812 807,000 938,100 1,090,600 1,471,01M 2.497,300 Railroad transportation ............................................ 79,685 02,191 85,472 76.300 73.500 70,700 64,500 55,100 Trucking and warehousing ....................................... 139,613 143,088 156,038 214.90D 253,400 298,700 410,200 704.11M Other transportation and services ............................ 125,836 130,865 125,546 163.100 lg6.800 213,900 273,900 415,900 Communications ...................................................... 122.555 130,264 136,426 206,700 253,700 311,500 461,800 891,300 Utilities (Clec.. gas, sanitary) ................................... 97,824 103,957 110,310 143,800 168.900 195.500 260.300 428,000 Wholesale and retail trade ........................................... 623.976 866.056 1,242,817 1,279,856 1,347,703 1,797,500 2.042,600 2,334,100 3.098.300 3.049.800 Finance. insumn cc and real estate .............................. 144.453 239,346 343,541 354,742 371,230 570,700 692,(100 839,1000 1110,700 2,222,200 Services ....................................................................... 386,662 630,922 1,008.788 1.056,057 1,119,946 1,809,900 2,244.8M 2,794.200 4,204,90n 8,459.000 Lodping places and personal services ...................... 108,335 105,241 104,197 124,600 136,000 148,400 179,W0 255.700 Business and repair services ................................... 219,434 219,013 2",133 397,600 489,300 617.800 959,700 1,990,900 A muscment and recreation services .......... . ........... 40751 44334 46 24 61200 70400 Rl 000 106000 168.700 Private households ................................................... 70:380 69:241 68:11,57 69:400 70:000 70:700 74:100 86,200 Professional service% ................................................ 570,9(A 619.027 670.533 1.167.000 1.475,700 1,866,101) 2.895,9nO 5.957.200 Government., ............................................................... 461,167 923,652 1,612,101 1,663,399 1,711,910 2,U6,7M 2,944,500 3,40,000 4.933,11M 9,"i.100 Federal government ................................................. 166.319 302,189 509.457 530.009 570,900 $00.500 "5.600 1.2t).600 1.754.,5001 1,317,000 State and local government ...................................... 169,826 410,310 770.394 810,M5 851,580 1,224.000 1.494,11N 1,924,100 2,676,500 5.071.iffi Armed forces ........................................................... s25,022 213.158 332.232 324.552 109,433 322.100 363.400 410.000 522,700 954.01* -Employment is for 1960. Y, TABLE 3-130 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC PROJECTIONS FOR ECONOMICAREA 17-1, SMSA 17-1 Baltimore, Md. BALTIMORE, MD., 1950-2020, SERIES E 1972-E OBERS Projections 1950 1962- 1969 1970 1971 080 1985 1990 2000 20M Plation, midyear ................ 1.464.644 1,850.994 2.654.496 2,073,379 2.103,533 2,170,200 2,262,900 2,359,400 2,499,0W 2,710,2W p9unpita income (1967 .......... 2.327 2.762 3.547 3,618 3,698 4.9W 5,600 6.3(X) 8,300 13,50U Per capita income relative (UY@ 1.00) ........................... 1.13 1.07 1.03 1.04 1.04 1.03 1.03 1.03 1.03 1.02 Total employment ........................................................... 590.943 693.471 946,004 966,000 108,400 1.052.7W 1,143,300 1,221.400 Employmcatipopulation ratio ......................................... .41. A5 .45 .45 .46 A5 In Thousands of 1%7 Dollars Total personal Income .............. ....................................... 3.409.497 5.111.999 7.288.102 7.520.484 7.768,431 10,724,800 12.675,ZDO 14.980,10D 201843.8w 36,681.200 Total earnings .................................................................. 2,809,735 4,242,012 6,063,038 6,191,933 6.337,328 8,71000 10.225.9W 12.OD4,600 '16.519.900 29,737,100 Agriculture. forestry and fisheries .............................. 42,665 21.645 31,561 a 30,495a 27,002a 39,900 41.300 42.700 47,500 59,700 Agriculture . .......... :..:::: . ................. 39.700 41.100 42,SOO 47.300 59.600 Forestry and fisic ........... .. ................... is) is) is) is) is) . ...................................................................... 7,045 7,833 2,519a 2,280a 1,901a 2,500 2.700 2.8W 3.200 4,200 is) is) is) is) is) ............. is) is) is) is) is) Coal ............ I............................................................. Crude petroleum and natural gas ............................. is) is) is) is) is) Nonmetallic. except fuels ........................................ 1.600 1.600 1.600 1 'sw 2.200 Contract construction .................................................. 240,201 293.904 375.990 416,149 440.491 S51.000 634,400 730,400 %6,000 1.573.800 Manufacturini: ............................................................. 878,052 1,366.922 1,683.123 1.617,098 1 @&15.707 2,005.900 2.110,400 2,626,000 3.344,000 5.159.500 Food and kindred products ...................................... 181.800 192,100 203.100 232.4W 303,200 Textile mill products ................................................ 91200 5.7W 8,200 8,400 9,600 Apparel and other fabric products ........................... 91,700 97,800 104,400 122.900 168.1101) Lumber products and furniture ................................ 501801) 56.700 63,300 79.600 119.5w Paper and allied products ......................................... 73.500 86.400 101,500 137,700 230.100 Printing and publishing ....................... . .................... 156,300 l8i'900 211.700 285,500 476.2W Chemicals and allied products ................................. 157.900 187,800 223,40D 313,300 552.200 Petroleum refining ................................................... 11,400 12J00 12sco, Is 000 20 500 Primary metals ......................................................... 445.300 496,000 '30:400 630:100 863:000 Fabricated metals and ordnance .............................. 235,000 265,600 300,300 389.800 616.400 Machinery, excluding electrical ............................... 160,200 191,900 229,900 313.600 526,300 Electrical machinery and supplies .......................... 99,300 111,900 126,100 167,400 275.000 Motor vehicles and equipment ................................. 111,100 124.300 139.100 177.700 273.200 Tr4asportatioa equip., cxcl. mir. velis . .................... 104.200 109.400 114,900 130,200 169.100 Other manufacturing ................................................ 197,600 225.100 256,300 339.500 555.4W Trans.. comm. and public utilities ............................... 285,109 379.353 474,026 495,098 512,409 668,400 775.500 899,900 1.207.900 2,033,100 Railroad transportation ............................................ 58,700 56.900 55,200 51 ODD 44,300 Trucking and warehousing ....................................... 174.200 205,400 242,200 332,600 571,501) Other transportation and services ............................ 151,000 172.200 196,200 249,20D 373,800 Communications ...................................................... 169,0W 205,500 251.200 370,000 709.600 Utilities (clcc.. gas, Unitary) ................................... 116,2W 134,100 154,XW 20S.100 334,700 Wholesale and retail trade.. ......................................... 499,5" 704.805 1,018.067 1,047,050 1.102.970 1.437.700 1,637.200 1.964,100 2.458,3(X) 3.9S7,300 Finance. insurance and real estate... ........................... 131,554 216.332 309.7 11 320.764 .133.864 sm.21x) 616.000 741,100 1,070,400 1.948.100 serviecs ....................................................................... 324,789 520.1133 836.258 878.990 930,466 1,479.301) 1.822,300 2.244.&OU 3,327,900 6,110.4010 I xid$ing places and personal services.. .................... 95.300 103.900 113,300 1 %-400 194,200 Business and repair services .................................... 340,700 422,600 524,100 768.500 1,141,400 Amusement and rocivation services ........................ 51,500 59,000 67.700 88,100 139.300 Private households ............................................. 57,800 58,300 58,700 61.400 41,100 Profemiored services .......................................... 933.800 1,175,900 1,480,8W 2,273,300 4.637.2w Government ...................................................... . ......... 400.722 740.380 1,328.729 1,380 @:3 1,439,244 1,936,300 2.3411.400 2,849.200 4,093.300 7.917,6(X) Federal government ........................................1 1411,976 257.802 443,0(9 466,600 506,146 704,300 865.900 1,064,5W 1,534,80D 3,065.600 State and local government ...................................... 139,177 320.105 623.OD5 653,457 686,259 982,OW 1.20015W 1,467.500 2.157.70D 4.102.300 Armed forces ........................................................... 112,569 162,474 262.721 260,8M 246,841 249,900 281,0110 316,101) 400,700 649.600 Employment is fai 1960. a-represents 90.0 to 99.9 percent of the true value c-rcpmsents 40.0 to 59.9 pe. rccnI of the true value e-rcprcscnts zero to 19.9 percent of the true value li-represcrits 60.0 to 79.9 percent of the true value d-rcpresents 20.0 to 39.9 percent of the true value (D CD CA) WASHINGTON ECONOMIC AREA TABLE 3-131 INDEPENDENT CITY AND COUNTY BREAKDOWN FOR ECONOMIC AREA 18E - WASHINGTON, D.C.-MD.-VA. 18-1 Washington, D.C.-Md.-Va. SMSA Montgomery, Maryland 'Prince Georges, Maryland District of Columbia Arlington and Alexandria, Virginia Fairfax County, Fairfax City, Falls Church, Virginia Loudoun, Virginia Prince William, Virginia Non-SMSA Areas Calvert, Maryland Charles, Maryland St. Mary's, Maryland Culpeper, Virginia Fauquier, Virginia Fredericksburg, Virginia King George, Virginia Rappahannock, Virginia Stafford, Virginia Spotsylvania, Virginia Appendix 3 280 TABLE 3-132 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC PROJECTIONS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 18, REA Economic Area 018 Washington, D.C.-Mil-Va. WASHINGTON, D.C.-MD.-VA., 1950-2020, SERIES E 1912-FOBERS Projections l9so 1%2- 1%9 1970 1971 1980 1995 1990 2000 2020 Population, midyear ............................................ ........... 1.661.277 2,462,044 3,035,367 3.095.493 3,182.060 3,755.200 4,214,200 4.729.400 5.592,300 7,415,600 per capita income (1%7 S) 2.741 3,152 4.092 4,293 4,369 5,600 6,400 7,200 9,300 14.700 Per capita income retative'iul'@'* 10*'0')".."..".""..".'.'..".."..' 1.31 1.22 1.19 1.24 1.23 1.19 1.18 1.17 1.15 1.12 Total employment ........................................................... 738,119 944.211 1.358.192 1,797,900 2,013,200 2.254,400 2,717,801) 3,484,400 Employmentipopulation ratio ............................. ........... .44 .49 .48 .48 .49 .47 Earnings per worker (1%7 $) .............................. ............ 9,323 10.000 11.200 12,500 15,700 25.200 Earnings per worker relative (U.S.- 1.00) ....................... 1.17 1.15 1.14 1.14 1.12 1.10 In Thousands of 1%7 Dollars Total personal Income ...................................................... 4,SS4,040 7.761,353 12,420,247 13.299,394 13,900,900 21,400,600 27,043,700 34.179,600 52,475.600 J09,705.800 Total earnings ...................................................... ........... 3.736,702 6.499.528 10.599,647 11,303.942 11,799.749 18,066.000 22.629,200 29,342.400 42.862.500 87,900,600 Agriculture, forestry and fisheries .................. ........... 80.236 65.187 73.333 80,205 78,343 89,900 97,600 106.000 126,700 177.900 Agriculture .............................. ................................ 49,976 S4,198 50,319 53,400 55,500 57.700 64.400 81.800 Forestry and fisheries .............................................. 23,557 26,009 28,025 36,400 41,900 48,300 62,300 %1100 Mining ........... ......................................................... 2,890 8.441 11,943 12.945 13.427 19.300 23.100 27,500 36.400 57,700 Metal ........................................................................ S) (S) (D) (S) (SI I I coal ........... .............................................................. 391 290 (S) (S) (S) (S Crude petroleum wai ructural gas ............................. 574 600 654 9W 900 900 1,100 1,400 Nonmetallic, except fuels ........................................ (D) ll.%4 12,495 18,100 21,700 26,000 34,801) 55,500 Contract construction .................................................. 246.956 433.741 623,576 660,494 727.782 1.120,100 1.385,500 1.713.700 2,513,300 4,832,600 At anufacturin# ............................................................. 163,191 309.938 439,088 432,333 464.738 733.600 930.400 1.148,60(1 1,673,500 3,137,000 Food and kindred products ...................................... 63.677 54,229 54,660 75.300 89.900 107,300 147,100 257.900 Textile mill products ................................................ (D) Apparel and other latim products ........................... 7.776 7,534 8,211 12,700 15.200 18.100 24,400 39.900 Lumber products and furniture ................................ 16.553 14,431 14.672 21,000 24.300 28,100 36.900 59.400 Paper and allied products ................................ 3,676 3,673 3,330 5.100 5.800 6,700 SAW 14,300 Plialill.", ng ............................................. 166,239 174,673 194,095 296,900 368,200 456.600 664,500, 1,243,200 Ch. LU= products ................................. 25.163 23,986 23,875 36.800 42.700 49.600 69.300 117,400 Petroleum -fining .................................................... 1,595 1.772 z1fog 3,300 4.100 5.100 7.1w 12.100 Primary metals ......................................................... 2.340 2.618 2,335 2.900 3,300 3.700 4.100 6.100 Fabricated nictals and ordnance ..........I..............1 (1)) (D) (0) 43,000 55.100 67.400 96.01111 1,10.1100 Machinery. excluding electrical ............................... 17,413 15.348 15,170 24.100 28,400 33.400 44,700 71,800 Electrical machinery and supplies ........................... 51,956 52,382 67.967 139,000 194,300 244,300 392.VW 832.100 Motor vehicles and equipment ..................... ...... 2.464 2,159 1,691 2,000 2,100 2,300 2.800 4,100 Transportation equip., excl. mtr. vchs . .................... 12,277 12,287 16,221 20,400 21,000 21,700 24.200 30'hoo Other manufacturing ................................................ (D) (D) (D) 68,300 94,200 103,11W 150,700 276,100 Trans., comm. and public utilities ............................... 241.790 367,765 565,929 597,817 628,446 955.600 1,201,600 1,516,000 2,299,100 4.690.200 Railroad transportation ............................................ 52,513 52.402 53,375 56,100 59,300 62.600 65.700 72.100 Trucking and warehousing ....................................... 60612 64 25 72511 119 56 200 203600 330 700 748 00 Other transportation and services ............ ...' ........... 172:921 185:1191 191:597 274:380000 3134:300 407:400 568:200 988100 Communications ...................................................... 194.911 205.S63 217,137 361,100 470,700 613,600 988,000 2,173,500 Utilities (clec.. gas, sanitary) ................................... 94,970 90,531 93,836 144.000 181,500 228,601) 346.300 706.200 Wholesale and retail trade ........................................... 593,359 905,616 1,406,833 1.471,%0 1,499,359 2.254,800 2.777,700 3,421,900 5.066,700 9,883,400 Finance, insurance and real estate .............................. 144.%5 283.989 482.619 493,396 542,199 922,600 1,192,600 1,541.900 2,429,600 5,133.400 Services ....................................................................... 526,392 1,164,073 2,094.259 2,219,991 2,268,768 4,147,300 5,423,200 7,091,700 11,509,600 25,329,600 Lodoing Places and personal services ...................... (D) 186.648 194,695 239,600 276.600 319.200 414,700 664,300 Business and repair services .................................... (D) S71.565 560,704 1,131,400 1,569,200 2,138.500 1,689,200 8,7%,700 Amusement and recreation services ................... :.I 52,M 55,839 57.092 94,200 104.000 128,300 185,700 349.600 Private households .............................................. : :., %'001 94,450 93,370 105,300 113,700 122,700 141.300 190.500 Professional services ................................................ 1,204,299 1,310.394 1,372,912 2,S66.S00 3,353,900 4.382.900 7.079.600 15.329.400 Government ................................................................. 1173S 033 2,960.779 4,911,967 5,335.903 5.577,489 7,3D2,500 9.585,200 11,775,100 17.207,000 34.658.600 Federal government ................................................. 1,302:098 2,15LO05 3,297.719 3,590.116 3.744,599 5,776,200 6.410.900 7,789.400 1 I.W'900 21.805,700 State and local government .............I........................ 141.172 422,635 W7,201 1,001.332 1.091,933 1,7444M 2.284,200 2,990.700 4,1149,700 10.780.600 Armed forces ........................................................... 291,763 366.139 706.947 744,452 750,967 731,600 Ul'soo "4.900 1,2(,K,300 2,072.100 .F.Mplaynie"I Is for 19W. t,,D (D TABLE 3-133 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC PROJECTIONS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 18-1, WASHINGTON, D.C.-MD.-VA., 1950-2020, SERIES E SMSA 18-1 W&AInglon, D.C.-Md.-Va. 1972-E OBERS Preledlons Ills Imp Igo no 190 Ill" an 210 population, MWYCU 1.513.121 2XGNN 2.M.M 2.045,912 2"AS2 3ja4.M 3.902300 4" too 3.189.M 6A%.100 Facapita income 2,867 3.255 4.192 4.392 6:3w 7:iD 9.5m Parcapita income relative L39 1.26 1.26 M 1.22 1.21 1.19 1.17 1.13 Total employment ...... ....... . . ....... . ... 60=1 Mm 1=490 IS3,300 1.881.100 2.107= 2-WiN 3"s9w Employment/population ratio A4 A .48 As .49 A7 In Thousands of IMI Dollan Teed peramat 4,337JM 7,=A" 11.773.044 12JI4739 13.149,554 20A5.7w 25.532,600 YZ20.400 49.515@m 103,412-5410) Tab] 3.50.491 6.215,719 10,174."6 WNW 11.3m.370 17== 21A31.6W 27.075,600 4%WAW 834n.200 Agriculture. fams" wW 46AU 33.327& 43.512a 54,464a -WI62 67,100 74,100 sI.M ".701) 143.=* 30M 32,9W 34,GW 38AW 49,100 Fmutry and 35.7W 41.100 47-IN 61,0w 94.1w MvC* Win 7xft 11.140a S) 10.291a ItAft 17 20.300 24.3W 31.9M 41.7M w (D (s) (s) (sl W cow- 00 0 Crude petrulcum and natural sax no 900 900 1.100 1.4w tQ rL Notowtalk. except fuela 16,400 19.600 23.3W 30.= 4&= Contract construction ......... . ... .......... ...................... 239.50 421.071 601,210 620,144 60,782 1.050.900 I.M.300 1.601-WO 2.339.700 4.49.9m Manufacturing . . . ............... ..... 144,312 275.601 396.042 390.640 42D.980 6".50 M500 IMS.600 I-WAM 2.9M.900 .... .............. 66.5W 79,100 94,100 129,100 ZZI 1800 2,100 21300 3,100 4.30) 7.9W 9.604) 11,000 12M 16.0w 24,400 3,100 3.800 6,700 11,110) 14.)W w1w 364,204) 451AM 656.700 IJV.Sw 22.9w 26,900 31.6W 44.5W 71.70 31m 4,100 5,100 7.100 12.100 2-w 2,600 3,000 3,600 Lm 40']W 49100 60100 85.7W In.= 24 too n5w 33:300 44.600 73AN ........ . . 139:900 194,200 244,2W 392,800 M100 (s) (s) (s) (s) (M 19.400 20.100 20.700 23,100 19.3041 otablur 59.700 72.9W 89.100 lr?.5w 223.5011 lmm. courm. and public atilitics 236.912 337.974 549,333 5W.456 609,M 920.6w 1.15G.Wo 10113.5w 2.194.400 0400 Railroad tramportation..- 34.700 37,800 61.100 64,200 70.4m Tfockingandwardeaft-- 110,200 142.800 185,108 297.10 664.100 Other transportation and ZMAM 329,600 401.101) 55g" 967.400 Communications 347AM 452,700 MAN 946.9w WPO uhlkL@ (Ckc, &I. sanitgry) 137.0w 172,300 216,600 327.200 664AOQ Whoicssle and retail trade 56B.112 861,751 lj".133 1 A061080 1,429.157 2.136@504) 2.630,200 3=MD 4,7111.0W 9.313.311) Flusuce. invoruct and real estate 142A59 278,101 47I.M 482.3$4 33010" Mm 1.167,600 1.54111.8w [email protected] 3,012.700 511.791 1,133.438 2.035,219 2,168,087 2,213.846 4,04219M 5.M,6w 6.910,40D 11".909 24A26.9m Lodpiteg; pbum and 228-3m 252,700 302,400 391.000 621.100 B=mrcpairscrwwa-..---- 1.140.9w 1.555 6W 2.120.900 3,661 _w 11.731130 A eut and recreation 79,700 99:300 121,400 175.700 320,760 private bousebolft- "Am 1M.600 110,100 12SAM 1671011) Prolusio.-I gcrviccL- L49813M 3.260.501) 4."5.3W 6AU.2W 14.7111,700 1.61A.105 2.1101M 4,713.511 5,133.027 3.360.209 7AMAN 9,137.900 111M.101) 16.M.100 32.633.704 p SOVerament 1.275,096 2.09SA53 3,206.432 3,504,113 3.649.020 3,092.101) 6.166.400 7A67.3M 10-W.2W 20AMAN State aiW local 133.099 402.222 SK986 958,870 1.038.Z78 1.6",201) 2,169,000 2.1137,200 4.5".0011 10,179,100 Anned forces .... . .......... 237.= 346.218 640.095 670,000 672.912 704.= 794.%D $%Am 1.142.= Lw.= Food and kindred products Textile, mill prodocu.--.- Apparel and otber fabric products Lumber producta mod furniture Mw and aMW products-.- and pubbsbug.-- Chemicals and all@l products petroiews Prbew" FabdcRW mctsls and ordnance Machinery. a duffing elccbicd Electrical machinery and M vcb;cks and gwipment.- Transportation -ftploymcot is for IM &-rcprcvmbK0to".9pcz uto(Octroevalue c-repments 40A to 59.9 percent of the Mc value c.-mpmsents zero to 19.9 percent of the trut value b-4cprcscuts 60.0 to 79.9 percent of the true vahas d-represcots 20A to 39.9 percent of the true value RICHMOND ECONOMIC AREA TABLE 3-134 INDEPENDENT CITY AND COUNTY BREAKDOWN FOR ECONOMIC AREA 21E - RICHMND, VA. 21-1 Pgtersburg-Colonial Heights SMSA Dinwiddie, Virginia Prince George, Virginia Hopewell City, Virginia Petersburg City, Virginia Colonial Heights City, Virginia 21-2 Richmond, Vir&Lnia SMSA Chesterfield, Virginia Hanover, Virginia Henrico, Virginia Richmond City, Virginia Non-SMSA Areas Albemarle, Virginia Amelia, Virginia Brunswick, Virginia Buckingham, Virginia Caroline, Virginia Charles City, Virginia CharlottesvilleCity, Virginia Cumberland, Virginia Essex, Virginia King and Queen, Virginia King William, Virginia Lancaster, Virginia New Kent, Virginia Northumberland, Virginia Richmond, Virginia Westmoreland, Virginia Fluvanna, Virginia Goochland, Virginia Greene, Virginia Oreensville, Virginia Louisa, Virginia Lunenburg, Virginia Madison, Virginia Mecklenburg, Virginia Nottoway, Virginia Orange, Virginia Powbatan, Virginia Prince Edward, Virginia Sussex, Virginia Appendix 3 283 to (D 00 0 TABLE 3-135 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC PROJECTIONS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 21, RICHMOND, VA., 1950-2020, SERIES E BEA Economic Arcs 021 Richmond, Va. 1972-E OBERS Projections 19so 1%2- 190 Im 1971 19" 1985 19% 2W 2020 Population, midyear ......................................................... 783,604 934.161 1,008.183 11010,310 1,020,505 f,162,500 1,234,700 1.31 f,400 1,423,100 1,610,100 Per capita income (1%7 S) ................................................ 1.694 2,228 3,183 3,318 3,427 4,500 5.100 5.800 7,7M 12,700 Per capita income relative (U.S.- 1 -01))..... ................ . .... .82 .86 .93 .95 .97 .94 .95 .95 .93 .% Total employment ........................................................... 305,945 334,134 412,071 515,600 S48,700 5g4'ooo 633..00 724.400 Employment/population ratio .......................................... .41 .44 .44 .45 .46 .45 Earnings per worker (1967 $) .......................................... 6,528 8.00D 9,100 10,300 13,10D 21.900 Earnings per worker relative (U.S.= 1.00) ....................... .92 .93 .93 .93 .94 .95 in Thousands of 1%7 Dollars T.Lid personal lociner ...................................................... 1,327.237 2.082,356 3,209,296 3.331,953 3,496,919 5,245,000 6,349,300 7,696,200 11.085.8m 20.530.700 Total earnings .................................................................. 1,137.655 1,719,006 2.605,994 2,690,042 2,790,450 4,163.900 5,010,200 6.028,300 8,618.400 15.804,100 Agriculture, forestry and fisheries .............................. 111,998 U,580 69,023 68,361 64,051 70,400 72,100 73.800 91,400 lot 12M Agriculture ............................................................... 67,613 66,701 62,391 68,700 70.400 72.100 79,600 98,800 Forestry and fisheries .............................................. 1,408 1,659 1,666 .1,600 1,600 1,700 1,800 2,400 Mining ................................. . .............................. . ....... 2,592 3.555 4,782 5,165 5,115 @6,600 7,200 7,900 9,400 13,2W Metal ........................................................................ 41 .53 -94 (S) (5) (S) (S) (S) coal ......................................... ................................ (D) 61 143 (S) (S) (S) IS) (S) Crude petroleum and naturid gas ............................. 218 233 159 (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Nonmetallic, except fuels ........................................ (D) 4,924 4'909 6,100 6,700 7,300 g'700 12,2W Contract construction ......................... ........................ 70.260 103,202 167,860 172,269 196,112 277,500 329.000 3",900 537.90D 916,900 Manufacturing ............................................................. 262,329 441,232 650.835 661.883 673,251 11025,900 1,237,600 1,492,800 2.099,800 3,703,600 Food and kindred products ...................................... 58,022 55,535 55.132 67,300 74.100 81.500 ",too 135.700 Textile mill products ................................................ 76.006 24,907 26,473 37,200 44,100 52.300 69,100 109.300 Apparel and other fabric products ........................... 36,099 36,451 36,373 57,200 68,200 91,200 109,600 179,ZOO Lumber products and furniture ................................ 65,904 61,606 61.363 87,300 99,100 112,400 143,900 220,900 Paper and allied products .......................................... 49,087 49.379 52,142 91,200 ",too 119.400 166,200 290,100 Pri iting and publishing ............................................. 39.270 39,142 40,202 63,900 76.400 91.400 126.700 215,000 207,400 249,500 356,400 646,100 Chemicals and allied products ................................. 124,167 120,677 118,394 172,400 (S) w Pc Wleum refining ................................................... 21 28 27 (S) (S) (S) (S) metals.: ...................... ............................... 42,812 44,061 44,568 51,400 54,800 59,500 67.600 89."o e - -k- 33,200 41,300 51,400 74.700 136,200 11-1-i.ed metals end ordnance .............................. 19,612 19370 19,804 Machinery. excluding electrical ............................... 18,529 20:642 20,774 37,000 47,300 60,600 89,900 167,100 Electrical machinery and supplies ........................... 23,769 27,264 25,645 31,400 66,300 85,300 133.000 270.400 Motor vehicles and equipment ................................. (D) 5,131 5,097 7,700 9,300 11,300 16,000 27.900 Transportation equip.. excl. mtr. veha; .................... 2,366 3,477 4,959 7,000 81200 9.600 12,300 18,900 Other manufacturing ............................ . ................ (D) 153,818 164,2" 271,100 340,800 429,500 635,800 111%1500 Trans., comm. and public utilities ............................... 117,675 142.850 194,949 193.101 205,449 299,700 344,900 410,500 579.300 1,042.500 Railroad transportation ............................................ 46.560 47,413 47,793 46,500 46,000 45,400 43,800 40.1111) Trucking and warehousing ....................................... 48,147 49,778 52,901 78,800 95,300 115,300 164.000 291.600 Other transportation and se ices ............................ 16,267 15,745 16,231 2q,300 29,600 36,OOD 50.900 98.900 Communications .............. ............I.................... 47,536 51,692 57,374 94,500 118,500 148,50o 229,200 462,000 Utilities (elce., gas, sanita;;f ................................... 26,440 29,467 31,145 45,400 54,300 65,100 91,100 159,000 Wholesale and retail mile ........................................... 224,591 312,173 439,175 456,038 469.922 672,900 797,900 922.6W 1,266,200 2,177.300 Finance, insurance and real estate .............................. 60,954 110,729 166,204 172,800 194,603 290,700 339,100 443,600 662.600 112881200 Semices ....................................................................... 122,348 1 ",956 314,289 334.110 354,374 612,300 777,900 987,900 1,547.600 3.246.900 Lodging places and p"nal services ...................... 441ofs 43,992 44,376 56,100 62.200 69,000 94,700 12f,400 Business and repair services 50.082 53519 54,942 103,"0 136,500 179,500 2%,500 665.200 : .......... 60 9,467 31900 20200 2 . 00 49400 Amusement and recreation ;@i;i 9563 32,793 1 1680000 37 200 39;8'00 45:600 Private households .............................. 33,709 33,1 35,300 36:3 *""* 681,900 1,0918.200 2,365.000 Professional services ................................................ 178,411 194,195 212,810 402.900 524.200 Government ....................................................... . ........ 164711 316,729 608,873 626.309 645,578 917,400 1.091.6m 1.298,800 1,834,600 3.W.100 Federal government ................................................. 46:078 99,673 152,214 142,713 154,192 211,200 251,200 298,900 407,900 742.000 State and tocall government ...................................... 84.330 174,025 345,145 377,599 388.814 599,400 719,600 963,900 2,339.900 Armed forces ............................................ .............. 34.304 53,029 111,516 105'"9 102.563 106,700 120.400 135.800 173.200 283.000 -Employment is for 1960. TABLE 3-136 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC PROJECTIONS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 21-1, SMSA 21-1 Petersburg-Illopewell, Va. PETERSBURG-HOPEWELL,,VA., 1950-2020, SERIES F 1972-F OBERS Projections litse 1962- 190 1970 1971 1980 1985 IM Xw 2020 Population. midyear ........................................................ $3.698 103."7 IIS,432 113,822 113,595 130,600 141,5M 153,401) 171,300 203,8W Per @pita income (1%7 S) ............................................... 1,611 2,026 3,229 3,281 3,360 4.300 5.000 5,700 7.500 12,400 Per capita income relative (U.S.@ 1.00) ........................... .78 .78 .94 .94 .93 .92 .92 .92 .93 Total employment ........................................................... 34,310 35.7M 54,551 66,900 72,100 77,700 811,20D 100.600 gmployment/population ratio ......................................... .48 .51 .51 .51 .52 A9 In Thousands of 1%7 Dollars Total personal Income ...................................................... 134,837 209,670 372,657 373,496 381,695 574,3W 708,8W 874.7W 1,297,800 2,534.000 Total earnings .................................................................. 125,624 195,799 329,767 330,302 334,503 501,300 611,600 746,200 1,097,2130 2,069.100 Agriculture. forestry and fisheries .............................. 8,442 6,717 4j" 4,846 4,816 4.300 4,300 4,300 4,800 61100 Agriculture ..................................... 4.2W 4,300 4,300 4,801) 6,000 Forestry and fisheries ........................................... (S) is) (S) (S) (S) Mining .................. 509 191 2" 202 W7 (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) ... .................................................. .............. Coal ..................................m........ . ............................. Crude petroleum and natural gas ............................. (S) Nonmetallic. except fuel& ....................................... (S) (S) Contract co-truction ................................ ............ 3.946 9.690 12,207 10,875 9.174 18,000 22,300 27.600 40,900 76.800 Manufacturing... ................................. ................ 36.579 61A14 98,937 95,451 98,535 155,200 192,000 237.501) 348,300 653.201) Food and kindred products ...................................... 2,700 3.000 1,200 3,8W 5,100 Textile mill products ................................................ 1,400 1.700 2,100 2,900 4.900 Apparel and other fabric products ........................... 2500 2,700 3,000 3,400 4.200 2,200 2,500 2,900 3.900 6,100 Lumber products and furniture ................................ 11,400 13,400 15,700 20,700 32.900 a cr an d ucts. nti and pub ishing 2,100 2,500 3,4130 5,701) 'hem Is and *cd p octs .. . ............... ............. 53,200 65,3w 90,200 118,700 227,600 Ictrol unt refin . ....................I..............................I 2rimary metals ........................... ............................. @abricated metals and ordnance .............................. 1,400 l'itim 1,900 2,500 3,500 Machinery. excluding electrical ............................... 5,600 7.400 9,80() 13.200 30.300 Electrical machinery and supplies ........................... Motor vehicles and equipment ................................. Transportation equip., excl. mtr. vchs . .................... Other manufacturing ................................................ 72,600 91.700 115,8W 173.300 332.600 Trans., comm. and public utilities ............................... 5.484 7,694 10,404 10,612 10,773 15,100 18.200 21,900 31,500 57,80) Railroad asportation ............................................ (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) tra 7,400 Trucking and warchous 1,900 2,300 2,800 4,100 Other transportation 1.300 1,600 2,000 3,000 Communications ...................................................... 6,000 7,200 8,800 12,700 23,3M Utilities (eloc., gas. sanitary) ................................... 4,600 5.700 7,100 10,600 2D,5W Wholesale and retail trade .............................; ............ 13.966 20,726 29,717 30,109 31,258 54,200 65,700 79,600 115'goo 212,700 Finance, insurance and real estate .............................. 3,069 4,176 5,839 5,291 5,456 8.000 9.500 11,200 13.300 25,70D (D Services ....................................................................... 9,421 15,382 21,603 22,508 25,438 45,4W 57,700 73,400 113.200 241.201) Co @:S Lodping places and personal services ...................... 7,300 8,500 9,900 13,200 21.N0 35 and re air scrvl. 5,400 7;300 9.9DO 16,900 40.200 A muse anfrcc ces .................. 2,400 4,000 9,300 R'smement reation S@rvlccs ........................ 1,300 1,800 Private households ................................................... 2,100 2,100 2,000 1,900 1.900 Professional services ................................................ 29,000 37,700 49,100 79,000 169,300 Government ................................................................. 42,207 70.799 156,M5 150,401 149,847 20OA00 24t.000 299.700 414,300 794,100 Federal government ................................................. 9,517 17.913 36.472 34.451 37,476 55,500 67,200 91,400 114,200 215,801) State and local government ...................................... 7,176 19,899 32,855 35,138 35,629 64.100 81,200 102,900 163.500 351.001) Armedforces ...........................................................A 26,514 32,991 86.678 75,740 80,800 97,200 105,300 136.500. 227,ZW -Employment is for 1960. a-rCprc%cnts 80.0 to 99.9 percent of the true value c-mpmmnts 40.0 to 59.9 percent of the true value c-rcpmsents zero to 19.9 percent of the true value b-reprc.%cnts 60.0 to 79.9 percent of the true value d-rcpvcscats 20.0 to 39.9 percent of the true value (D co TABLE 3-137 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC PROJECTIONS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 21-2, RICHMOND, VA., 1950-2020, SERIES E SMSA 21@2 Richmond, Va. 1972-F. OUVRS Projections 19SO 1%20 1%9 19" 1971 l"d Im 19" WIND low population. midyear ........................................................ 255,718 473,414 529.350 53),93) S41'S66 635,700 "4.400 7116.900 1117,7001 951.100 Per capita income (1%7 S) ...................................... . ....... 3.27) 3,773 3.734 3.186 3.993 $1100 J." 6'sou N'Suo 11.7410 Per cavil& income relative (U.S. - 1.00) ........ . ............ .... Ho 1.07 1.09 IA2 1.13 1.09 1.07 1.07 1.05 1.04 TOW employment ...................................................... . .... 152.100 181.279 222.404 287,000 309.000 3137.7410 379.300 412.sw EmploylocaUpopulation ratio ......................................... .42 .45 AS .45 .46 .45 In 11ousands of 1967 Dollars Total personal incamic ......................................... ............ SMA77 1.312.732 1.976.390 2,074.650 2,170,S61 3.276.600 3.983.100 4.541.9W 7.031.000 111.126.700 Total caratage .......... . ...................................................... 691.1" 1,097,601 102.291 1,7211.128 I.M.9111 2.00AW 3,243,700 2.910'sw 5.60.1w 10.307.1111111 Agriculture, forestry and fisheries ............ 9.1634 6.373b 11,043a 7.S902 8.1092 10A80 10,800 11.200 12.400 U.4011 Agriculture ........................ . ............. . ...................... 10.400 10.5w 11.200 12.11W lSJW Farcutry sad.fishcries .............................................. (S) (s) (S) is) ts) mining .............. . .......................................................... 0 6 971c 805c: 938c 1.9011 ZWO 2.100 2,400 3.200 Metal- ................. . ............ . ..................................... (s) (S) (s) (s) (S) coal ..................................................... . ............. Crude petroleum and nalund gas ............................. Nwuncta&-. except fuels ..... . ................................. 1.700 1.9W 2.000 2.31W 3.1011 Contract construction .................................................. 44= 71,474 1111361 MASS 122.13S 193.111101 219.11)(11 ?.S9.900 361.700 62S.11W manufaclurillig ............................................................. 162.9U 296.037 193.749 397.308 40S.581 600,100 716,600 85S.Soo 1.182.600 2,026,10() Food and kindred products ..... . ............................. 31,SW 38.400 46I.Sw 4S.300 63.7W Textile MiR products .............................................. (S) (s) IS) (5) (sl Apparel and taller fabric products ........................... 27.6W 32.6011 311.5110 51.100 81.400 Lumber products and furniture .......................... . .... 2919W 314.400 39,511131 51.601) KI.SW Paper and sUkd products .......... . ............................. 46,400 SS.300 65.901) 90.3w 1112." Printing and publishing . ..................................... 55,100 65.600 78.200 107.SW U10,41111 Chconcids and all" products 117.900 140.3110 167,100 234.300 411,2w K-tralcum refining .....................I........... . ............ ..... (s) (S) (S) (5) (s) Primary mcials ................................................... . .... SO,4W 53 &W 57AW 66.200 87.500 Fabricated mcials and ardmocc .............................. 24.3W 19:900 36.11W S2.400 11J." IWAchincry. excluding electrical ......................... . .... 29,401) 37,300 47,50) 69.400 126.?LW Electrical machinery and supplies ........................... 6.900 9.400 13,1W 22.800 52.9011 Motor vehicles and cquipmeall ................................ 4,200 SAW 6,OW 8.400 64.300 Transportanion equip.. excl. mtr. vchs . .................... 2.SW 2,900 3.300 4.200 611W other manufacturing ............................. . ................. 169.1001 209.1w BUM 174,6W 671.4ou Trans.. comm. and public utilities ............................... 92.404 107,Mfi 139,447 145.310 IS4,495 220,300 262,200 312.0w 437,700 790.600 itailroad transportation .................................... . . .... 33.1W 31'(W 32.9w 32.20B 30.6w Trucking and warehousing ................................. . .... 69,S00 94.SW 102.700 147.200 264.7W Other tramportation and scrviccs ............................ 20,000 14.200 29.200 40.8w 69.800 Communicuboas ...................................................... 61.000 93.100 101.200 155.900 1W.9w Utilities (clec., vs. sanitary) ................................... WSW 36.6W 41.8W 61.400 JU7,40U Wholesule and retail trade ........................................... 159.M 220,496 320,444 332.496 342.1171 lio'llw 546.6w 635,6W 961,3W JAIS.000 Finance, insurance and real estate ........................ . .... S1,981 91.594 137,114 143.140 153.670 239,BW 294.9W 362.6W 537.5W 1,013.300 Services ................................ .............. ... . ............ .... V3.773 137,222 22SAID 241,169 2SIA17 449,406 575.300 736.700 1,169.300 ZA92.6W 1.9dons pkLcc% and personal services ... . ........... . .. 34.600 33,100 41,11W SUAW 711,411s) Rus"gess and re 3 86.900 114,200 ISO'lito 241.000 556.14111 Amusement 9,1W 10.900 .12,700 17.2W 211,400 Private households ....................... . .................... . .... 19,400 19.9w 20.40101 21.74110 24.9W Proicssional services ......... . ............................... . .... 299.1W 391,1W S11,4011 630.6w 1.1112.41011 Government ............................. . ... ... .... 528 173AVI 317.479 333.391 350,60 S1S'1W 615.100 7)4.5W 1.041'sou 1.915.900 Federal government ........... *'. '30':972 59199 U,947 ujigi 90.771 12119011 145,701) 171,01KI 115.100 426,2W State and local government .......... ....... 49" 101:06# 213.666 235,456 244.171 374.7W 449.400 5311.900 779,SW 1.442,41110 Armed forces .............................. .......... ... 4.716 11.617 14.964 14.834 IS,666 17JW 19.900 72151)(11 28,9001 47.7w sEmploynical is for 1960. *-represents W.0 go 99.9 percent of the true value c-represcals 40.0 to S9.9percend of she true value g-represcirls zero to 19.9 percent of the true value b-tcprcicols 60.0 to 79.9 percent of the true value d-reprowall 20-010 19-9percca of The true value NORFOLK-PORTSMOUTH ECONOMIC AREA TABLE 3-138 INDEPENDENT CITY AND COUNTY BREAKDOWN FOR ECONOMIC AREA 22E - NORFOLK-PORTSMOUTH, VA. 22-1 Newport News-Hampton, Va. SMSA Yprk, Hampton and Newport News, Virginia 22-2 Norfolk-Portsmouth, Va. SMSA Chesapeake City, Virginia (Chesapeake, Norfolk and Portsmouth, Virginia) Virginia Beach, Virginia (Virginia Beach and Princess Anne, Virginia) Non-SMSA Areas Gloucester, Virginia Isle of Wight, Virginia James City, Virginia Williamsburg City, Virginia Mathews, Virginia Middlesex, Virginia Nansemond, Virginia City of Suffolk, Virginia Southampton, Virginia Franklin City, Virginia Surry, Virginia Bertie, North Carolina Camden, North Carolina Chowan, North Carolina Currituck, North Carolina Gates, North Carolina Hertford, North Carolina Pasquotank, North Carolina Perquimans, North Carolina Appendix 3 287 TABLE 3-139 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC PROJECTIONS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 22, BIEA Economic Area 022 Norfolk- 7Porismouth, Va. NORFOLK-PORTSMOUTH, VA., 1950-2020, SERIES E 1972-E OBERS Projections 1950 1%2- 1%9 1970 1971 1960 1985 20M 2020 Population, midyear ....................................o................... 83, 391 I'l 11.455 1,219,645 1,234,090 1,241,113 1.224.400 1,274,000 1,325.700 1.396,600 1.553.300 Per capita income (1967 S) ............................................... 1:902 2,169 2.958 2,972 3,061 4.000 4,600 5,200 7,000 11,900 Per capita income relative (U.S.- 1 .00) ........................... .87 .94 .96 .86 .96 .94 .85 .96 .87 .90 Totalcmplayment ........................................................... 342.303 404.307 503,558 540.900 562.700 595,400 630.500 698.400 Employmendpopulation ratio ......................................... .41 .44 .44 .44 .45 .45 Earnings per worker (1%7 S) .......................................... 6,231 7,700 8.700 9,9W 12.700 21,200 Earnings per worker rchtivc (U.S.- 1.00) ....................... .88 .99 .89 .90 .91 .93 in T'housands of 1%7 Dollaiss Total personal Income ............. ........................................ 1,510,977 2.410.592 3,604,914 3.667,102 3.798.483 4,941,700 5,881.600 7.000,200 9.829.300 18,491,100 Total earnings .................................................................. 1,315,290 2.070.921 3,128.273 3,137,527 3,233.935 4.189.400 4,939,600 5,824,100 9,055,000 14,853,100 Agriculture, forestry and fisheries .............................. 104,375 84.500 75,375 81,548 67.043 81,400 84,600 87,900 98.600 125,600 Agriculture ............................................................... 72.602 78.212 63,722 77,700 90.1101) 94.100 94,200 119.900 Forestry and fisheries ...........................................- 2,772 3.336 3.327 3,600 3,700 3,900 4.300 5.600 Mining .......................................................................... 1,169 467 263 434 467 (S) (S) (S) Metal ........................................................................ Coal ................. ........................................................ 23 31 27 (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Crude petroleum and natural gas ............................. I t (D) Nonmetallic, except fuels ........................................ 240 39J (D) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Contract construction .................................................. $4,801 119.020 170,11M 192,260 205,545 267,200 310.900 361.700 494,700 839,300 1,234,200 2,056.8W Manufacturin 92,300 117,000 #............................................................. 168,575 347,865 471,379 466,401 484,9" 673,900 799.200 922,000 Food and kindred Products ...................................... 51,016 52,799 35.575 59,500 64,500 69,900 27.800 45.000 Textile mill products ............ ................................... 8,645 8,966 9,454 14.100 17.000 20,500 Apparel and other fabric products ........................... 10.487 8,833 7,482 9.200 9,400 91500 10.800 13,900 10 Lumber products and furniture ................................ 37,005 36,107 35,688 47,200 52,300 58,000 72.200 107,200 19,768 21.045 22.665 37.200 46,200 57,400 83,200 .51 300 N@ cD Paper and allied products ......................................... 63,500 @ 19:500 00 0 =1111 ............................................. 19."Z 20.890 21.438 31,200 )7.600 45.200 170.300 00 Q@ b.@ 1. .:d products ................................. 26,368 27.393 25.814 42.300 S1,600 63,000 91,70D Petroleum refining :.............................................. 3.619 1,902 3,80 4,5W 4,4A10 5.400 6,$00 9.200 Primary metals ...............................I......................... 4,749 5,004 3,059 7,20() H'100 9,(Kxl is.100 Fabricated metals and ordnance .............................. 9,216 9.641 9,187 13,200 19,800 23,200 54.0)(1 Machinery, excluding electrical ............................... 7.723 8,210 ll-,219 18.200 Z21500 27,800 39,600 70.200 Electrical machinery and supplies ........................... 16,190 17,313 27,618 56,600 73,600 95,8w 151.300 312,000 Motor vehicles and equipment ................................. 21,692 22,241 21,107 .28,500 32,600 37.300 49.000 79,200 Transportation equip., excl. min vebs ..................... 210,401 199.149 202,926 256,801) 290,600 328,900 407,600 593.000 Other manufacturing ................................................ 24,488 25,011 25,951 45,100 56,400 70,500 103,90J 193,200 Trans.. comm. and public utilities ............................... 77.339 114,364 145,%9 156,105 164.253 204.60D 241,300 294,100 391,800 72S,200 Railroad transportation ............................................ 28,493 29.746 30.671 25,900 25,200 24,400 22.600 20,300 Trucking and warehousing ....................................... 29,271 28.535 29.996 41,200 501101) 61.000 98,100 171,300 Other transportation and services ............................ 41,182 45.795 47,219 57,900 66,700 76,900 99.100 158,OW Communications ...................................................... 31,148 33.748 36,734 53,900 67,500 84.500 129,400 274,500 Utilities (clcc., gas, sanitary) ................................... 16.679 18,281 19,632 MOW 31,000 37,200 52,400 98.9w Wholesale and retail trade ........................................... 210,354 190,294 397,620 408,161 428.257 543,700 630,400 730,900 989.700 1,731,800 Finance, insurance and real estate ............."............... 28,238 63,947 99.335 89,693 %.512 143,600 177,400 219,100 326.500 657,300 Services ....................................................................... 107,952 196,435 311,035 357.377 379,824 567,800 706,400 878,900 1.334,800 2,945.500 Lodging places and personal services ...................... 55,976 60,055 63.324 68,200 73.500 79,100 92,400 130,000 Business and repair services t.............................. (D) (D) ID) 89.900 116.400 150.700 243,400 562,700 Amusement and recreation services ........................ 91546 (DI (D) 14,100 16,600 19,500 26,500 46,600 Private households ................................................ 31,719 31 206 30,852 29000 29 300 29500 30 00 36 6W Professional services ............................................. ::, (D) 205:650 220,498 366:501) 468:800 599:800 941:5800 2,069:50t) Government ........................... I., .................................. S62,496 855,137 1,446,479 1,385,547 1,407,133 1,706,200 1.997,500 2,338.600 3.193.800 S.871,700 Federal government ................................................. 1%1189 335,794 545,300 5W 329 553,381 727,700 $52,000 997.500 1.359,900 21532.200 State and local government ..................................... S4,1124 129,167 242,811 256:972 266.6% 367,50D 455,000 563,300 942,500 1,719,500 .1 r 689,300 777.700 991.400 1.619,&W Armed forces ........................................................... 311.471 391,188 658,371 624,246 587.060 610.900 -Employment is for 1960. TABLE 3-140 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC PROJECTIONS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 22-1, NEWPORT NEWS-HANPTON, VA., 1950-2020, SERIES E SMSA 22-1 Newport News-11amplon. Va. 1972-E OURS Projections 1950 1962- 190 19" 1971 1980 1985 19% 30" 2020 ulaqon. midyear .................. ..................................... 154,805 245.819 291.383 292,442 297,351 301,1100 317,100 333,300 352,8M 403 700 cap!taincmc(1967s) 1,935 2,586 3,265 3,343 3,366 4,300 4,900 5,600 7.500 12:4100 per ..Pit. income .94 1.00 .95 .96 .95 .92 .92 @92 .92 .94 Total employment ................... ....................................... 60,891 88,202 121,814 135.900 142.500 149,500 162.600 1 K3,3m Employmentipopulation ratio ......................................... .42 .45 .45 .45 .46 .45 In 11iousands of 1967 Dollars Total personal inctime ..............................I....................... 299,490 635.703 951,511 977,640 1,000,982 1,324,000 1,582,300 I.M.900 2,662,900 5.043,300 Total earnings .................................................................. 262,330 558.426 853,709 867,063 M,569 1,170,50D 1,382,400 1,632,600 L255,200 4,157,000 Agriculture . forestry and fisheries .............................. 3.994 2.328 1.794 1,983 1,970 2,200 2,300 2,300 2.6M 3,400 Agriculture ............................................................ Forestry and fisheriim.@ .................................. 1,300 1,300 1.400 1.500 1,900 800 900 900 1.000 I'4W Mining .......................................................................... 25 40 57 79 85 (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Metal .......................... ............................................ coal .......................................................................... Crude petroleum and natural gas ............................. Nonmetallic, except fuels ........................................ (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Contract construction .................................................. 12.228 26,541 40,686 41,091 42,400 69,600 82'sw 911.500 137.200 252.700 Marinfacturipf ............................................................. 57.669 185,749 219,0" 209.013 223.027 301,906 346,000 3%.600 505.200 772.100- Fund and kindred products ...................................... 7,200 8.100 9,000 11,000 16,500 Textile mill products ...............................I................ (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) ii@. Apparel and other fabric products ............ 1.11.1 1,400 1.400 1.400 I'7M 2,200 -umber products and furniture ................... 3.900 4,400 5.0110 6,400 10,100 laper and allied Eroduc ........................................ 11900 2,300 2,700 3,700 5.8110 ND 'a 'rinting and Pub "shing ............................................. 10,000 12,000 14.500 2D,300 38,7W 00 (D 'hemicals and allied products ................................. (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) @ctrolleum refining .................................................... 4.500 4,900 5,400 6,500 9.200 himary metals ......................................................... (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) "abricated metals and ordnance .. . .......................... LOW 1,300 1,600 1,800 2,10D Machinery, excluding electrical ... ........................... 319M 4900 6,200 9,20D 17,300 Electrical machinery and supplies ........................... 14,300 18:100 22'soo 34,OOD 64,100 W Motor vchklcs and equipment ................................. (S) (S) (S) (S) I (S) Transportation equip., txcl. mtr. vebs . .................... 239,300 271,000 307.0010 381,100 535,700 Other manufacturing ........................ ....................... 12.600 15,400 19,700 26,200 45,300 Trans., comm. and public utilities ............................... 13,596 22.723 26,418 28,323 29,238 37,500 44,300 52.300 72.700 136,700 Railroad transportation ....................I............. 7,700 7,600 7,6M 7,300 6.900 Trucking and warehousing ...................................... 4,300 5,200 6.400 9,20D 19.100 Other transportation and services ....................... 7.700 9,000 10,600 14,100 23,500 Communications ...................................................... 12.100 15,300 19,300 30.000 65.000 Utilities Wee., gas, unitary) ........... ....................... 5,600 6.800 8im 1 1.90D 23.100 Wholesale and retail trade ................... ...................... 36.534 $5,169 79,639 91,397 84,600 117.4W M'100 167,300 239.5110 453,700 Finance. insurance and real estate ..................... 6.066 13.= 20,766 20,339 21,060 34.5W 43,600 55,100 95,400 181.3m Services .................. . ................................................... 22,053 46,103 81,475 V.193 90,576 141'm 179,200 227,400 356,500 795.5W places and personal services ...................... 12,80D 13,900 15200 18,100 26.2m =CIT. and ' Be ices ............ ....................... 26,200 34.300 44:8W 73,600 174,100 Am Bement an recreation services ........................ 312M 3.900 4,700 6,600 12,400 Private households__ ...................................... 6400 6 5W 6,700 7,100 8.7W Professional services ................................................ 92:500 120:100 155,900 2W= 574,W0 Government .............. ........... 110,175 206,166 395,743 397,755 395,614 465.8W $42,800 632,600 &%.900 1.561.200 Federal government .......... 48,116 100,540 176,347 167,256 182,177 240,200 290 900 329,400 446,700 929,000 State and local government ...................................... 8,259 26,690 45,099 45,958 46,255 63190D 79:400 98,700 148,700 306,100 Anned forces ........................................................... 53AW 7B.936 164.297 184,541 167,192 161,600 192,100 205,300 261,300 425,900 -Employment is for 1960. a-rcrimscrits 80.0 to 99.9 percent of the true value c-represents 40.0 to 59.9 pei,cent of the true value c---represents zero to 19.9 Percent of the true value b-mprcscnts 60.0 to 79.9 percent of the true value d-represents 20.0 to 39.9 pemitit of ft true value TABLE 3-141 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC PROJECTIONS FOR ECONOMIC AREA 22-2, NORFOLK-VIRGINIA BEACH-PORTSMOUTH, VA., 1950-2020, SERIES E SMSA 22-2 Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Portmouth, Va. 1977A OBERS Projections Table I.-Population, Employment, Personal Income, and Earnings by Industry, Historical and Projected, Selected Years, 19SO-2020 1950 1%2- 1%9 19" t971 1960 im im 2100 20111 Population. ...... . ....................... . .... 445,706 606.544 667,198 681,261 683,353 673-5W 702.600 732,90D 770,400 sn.700 PajtapjUincmc(l967$) ...... . . ............................... . .... 2,079 2,M 3.039 3,156 4,100 4,70D Sim 7.200 12,000 Per capita income relative (U.S.= I AD) ... .................. .... 1.01 As .91 .97 29 .87 .87 .97 .89 .91 ymcut ............... w........ ...................... ..... 199.271 X11.430 299.047 307.900 320.3W 333,300 359.500 400.200 ratio ................................... .42 .46 .46 .45 .47 .46 In Thousands of 1967 Dollars, TOW personal locast . ... ... ............ . .. ......................... 926.610 1.378."2 2.074.408 2.070.354 2.156.371 2.1881800 3.319.000 3.950.000 5.553.300 10.50.200 Total earnings .......... . ................................................ 809J03 I.M.815 1,931.750 1.7*934 1,952.039 2,395,600 2,810.700 3.311,500 4.581.= 8.481.700 Agriculture. forestry and fishcries .............................. 9'AS9a 9,711a 7,145b 6,246b 6.152b 12,600 12.700 12.8w 14,300 19.200 Agriculture 12.400 12,501) 12,600 14,200 18.001) F.My and (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Mina e 0 a (S) (S) (S) (S) (s) 't . ........... . ............ .... "0 ...... . . ...... ........................ ,a coal ....... . ........ ..... ........................ ............ ........ (S) (S) (S) (S) (s) CnWe petroleum and natural gas_..@ ................ . .... IND (D monsoctaffic. except fuels . . ........... . ........ . ............. (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) CL Contract construction ................... .............................. 34AM 79.50 97,657 105,40D 113,097 166.1W 192.&W 223.8W 298.500 510,900 Manufactistin . .... . ..................L. .............................. 66,594 97,774 139,769 141,594 136,212 190,300 222.8%) 260.8W 353,200 601,700 ..g. 24.501) 32.SW Food and kindred products ................... . ................. 19,5w 20,600 21.8110 Textile mill products ........ . . ............. . .............. .. 2,400 3,000 3.700 5,20D 4.890 Apparel and other fabric products ..... ............... ..._ 4.900 3,100 5.2W 6,0013 Cam .......... . .. ................ 20,100 22.500 25,200 31.9W 48.500 "r an allied ... ..... . ........... ................. 1,600 2,2DO 3.000 5.100 12.3110 Prin ............ 19.700 22.500 27.000 37.8W 70,8110 Chemicals. and allied products . . . . ....................... 23.000 27,400 32.8W 46AW 81.00 Pctrulcumm refining. ........ . . ... . ........................... Primary ....... .................. .... 5,200 5.700 6,300 7,6W 105M Fabricated metals and ordnance -; .. .................. .... 13900 17200 21,2W 30,900 56.200 Machinery. excluding 5:500 6:W 9,300 111801) 211,5110 Elccuical machinery and supplies.* 1.500 flow 2,30D 3,400 6.400 Motor vehicles and equipmrml . . ........... . . ........... 28,500 32,600 37,20D 49.900 79,0011 Transportation equip., excl. mtr. vchL ..... . ............. 16.90D 18,900 21.= 25.8W 365W other mamatactuiding....__.. . .......... . 28.000 35,501) 45,000 67.SW 130.100 Traus., counts. mW public utilities .. . ................ . ....... 58,003 92,136 105,419 112,427 117.703 144,500 169,000 197.60D 268,300 492.700 Railroad transportation ..... . .................. . ................. 15.600 14.9W 14,300 12,9W 11.100 Trucking and warehousing . .................................... 31.500 38.100 46,100 65,900 M. WA Other .transportation and services ............................ 49.400 56.800 65,4W 83,90D 132.100 Communications ................................... . ................. 32,9W 40.6W 50,200 75.4W 155.200 utilities (Ckc.. gas. sanitary). .................................. 15.OW 17.900 21.500 30.100 56,500 Wholesale and retail trade ........................................... 131.646 192-219 250,662 256@372 270,916 332,200 392,400 440.200 599.200 1,W4.900 Finance. insurance and real estate ..............I ............... 17XO 36,929 58,959 59,937 65,402 94,700 l16,100 142.400 209.600 414,6W scmi"s ........................... . .......................................... 66,8811 Its= 193,776 208,958 222,071 336,000 4t9'9W 524.700 802. 1 OD f.721,(A)D 1.odgins places and pc"nal services ...................... 29,700 31,200 32,700 36.500 47.900 Do.luss and .W71ccx .............................. 56,300 72,500 91.3m 149.200 Wow Amusement = %creatsou sefv=s ........................ 9,500 11.100 12.900 17,300 29.900 Private households ................................................ 14,400 14.500 14,501) 15,000 17A40 Professional servic'm ................... ......................... 225,800 299,SW 371.00D S".900 1.286.1W Govvtmatent .... . .................... . ........... . ........................ 423,575 SN,037 975,976 897,629 917,871 1,108,600 1,293,2W 1,50&.500 2,046,500 3.726,300 Federal lull 142,164 227,692 357.572 325.120 358.847 473,300 SS5.tW 650.801) U9.400 1,662.5W state anloz:rS.V :::::*.*:::.*::,:::,:::::::::::::::::::I "A' 66,436 135.474 144.533 151,098 2DO,500 247,400 .305.3W 453.900 917.700 Amed form ..... . .................................................... 249AOI 301.910 482,931 427.976 407.926 434.&W 490, 1 W 552,4W 703.000 I.J451,900 Employmot is for I 9W. a-mprescuis 80.0 to 99.9 percent of the true value c-represents 40.0 to 39.9 percent of the true value e-represcuts zero to 19.9 percent of the true value b-mprmalz 60.0 to 79.9 percent of the true vahm d-rcpmunts 20A to 39.9 percent of the true value TABLE 3-142 A COMPARISON OF SERIES C AND SERIES E OBERS PROJECTIONS OF POPULATION AND TOTAL EMPLOYMENT BY ECONOMIC AREA* ECONOMIC AREA/ 1 9 8 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 2 0 PROJECTION TYPE SERIES C SERIES E % Difference SERIES C SERIES F % Difference SERIES C SERIES E % Difference Economic Area 15 Philadelphia, Pa.-N.J. Population 8,334,400 8,025,400 3.7%- 10,517,00n 9,188,300 12.6%- 12,983,800 10,215,200 21.3%- Total Employment, 3,359,200 3,523,500 4.97+ 4,295,400 4,191,300 2. 43/ - 5,347,600 41,582,200 14.3%- Economic Area 16 Harrisburg, Pa. Population 1,976,300 1,906,400 3.5%- 2,551,700 2,224,000 12.8%- 3,2q6,500 2,458,100 25.4%- Total Employment 812,500 857,500 5.5%+ 1,058,900 1,035,200 .2.2%- 1,375,400 1,115,500 18.9%- Economic Area 17 Baltimore, Md. Population 3,107,300 2,822,900, 9.2%- 4,033,000 3,234,400 19.8%- 5,009,800 3,578,300 28.6%- Total Employment 1,261,700 1,252,600 0.7%- 1,626,000 1,482,800 8.8%- 2,n2l,100 1,609,600 20.4%- Economic Area 18 Washington, D.C.-Md.-Va. Population 3,750,500 3,755,200 0.1%+ 5,385,800 5,592,300 3.8%+ 7,490,400 7,415,600 1.0%_ Total Employment 1,658,800 1,797,900 8.4%+ 2,360,200 2,717,800 15.2%+ 3,255,600 3,484,400 7.07+ Economic Area 21 Richmond, Va. Population 1,196,400 1,162,500 2.8%- 1,597,600 1,423,100 10.9%_ 2,087,800 1,610,100 22.9%- Total Employment 487,200 515,600 5.8%+ 643,000 653,100 1.67+ 834,400 724,400 13.2%- Economic Area 22 Norfolk-Portsmouth, VA. 1,386,600 10.5%- 1,785,700 1,553,300 13.0%- Population 1,327,900 -1,224,400 7.8%- 1,549,200 Total Employment 543,700 540,900 0.5%- 629,600 630,500 0.1%+ 723,400 698,400 3.5%- *All figures rounded off to nearest hundred. TABLE 3-143 EQ (D A COMPARISON OF SERIES C AND SERIES E OBERS PROJECTIONS CD w OF POPULATION AND TOTAL EMPLOYMENT FOR THE ESTUARY AREA* 1 9 8 0 2 0 o n 2 0 2 0 REGION/PROJECTION TYPE sEr, !ES C SERIES E % Difference SERIES C SERIES E % Difference. SERIES C SERIES E % Difference Estuary Area Portion of Economic Area 15 Population 612,600 593,900 3.1%- 851,400 744,300 12.6%- 1,115,200 878,500 21.2%- Total Employment 246,100 257,200 4.5%+ 350,300 343,700 1.9%- 465,800 398,700 14.4%- Estuary Area Portion of Economic Area 17 9.2%- 3,714,nOn 2,978,900 19.8%- 4,596,300 3,281,300 28.6%- Population 2,877,600 2,614,000 Total Employment 1,165,100 1,156,100 0.8%- 1,495,900 1,364,200 8.8%- 1,854,300 1,476,000 20.4%- Estuary Area Portion of Economic Area 18 Population 3,695,000 3,698,900 n.17+ 5,314,200 5,519,600 3.9%+ 7,397,200 7,326,60n 1.0%- Total Employment 1,634,300 1,770,900 8.4%+ 2,328,500 2,682,500 15.2%+ 3,214,500 3,439,100 7.0%+ Estuary Area Portion of Economic Area 21 Population 871,800 847,500 2.8%- 1,180,100 1,051,700 1().9%- 1,555,100 1,199,50n 22.9%- Total Employment 360,200 381,000 5.8%+ 477,100 484-,600 1.6%+ 619,900 538,200 13.2%- Estuary Area Portion of Economic Area 22 Population 1,216,100 1,121,600 7.8%- 1,429,700 1,279,800 10.5%- 1,656,400 1 1,441,500 13.0%- Total Employment 498,600 496,000 0.5%- 581,200 582,000 0.1%+ 670,600 647,400 3.5%- TOTAL ESTUARY AREA POPULATION 9,273,100 8,875,900 4.3%- 12,489,400 11,574,300 7.3%- 16,320,200 14,127,400 13.4%- TOTAL EMPLOYMENT 3,904,300 4,061,200 4.0%+ 5,233,000 5,457,000 4.3%+ 6,8259100 6,499,400 4.8%- *All figures rounded off to nearest hundred. Generally, population is projected to increase at a lower rate with the E Series during the period 1930 to 2020. However, as illustrated below, differences in growth rates between Eco- nomic Areas exist with both Series C and Series E projections. The generally lower growth rates associated with the E projec- tions are attributed tolower fertility rates as forecast by BEA. Even with lower growth rates, population is expected to increase in each of the six Economic Areas as well as the Estuary Area itself during the projected period. Series E projections of "total employment" also show an increase but at a lower rate than those of Series C. This can be attributed to a number of factors. First, a smaller military establishment has been assumed in the E Series. As a consequence, a significantly slower rate of growth in the defense -related manufacturing industries is projected. Second, the lower populations projected in the E Series indicates a smaller potential labor force. Oddly enough, increases in total employment are greater in the E projections initially than with the C Series. This is due to lower fertility rates which enable more women to enter the labor force. Changes in population rates of growth are not necessarily par- alleled by changes in total employment. For example, an Econ- o,-nic Area may experience an increase in population of 15 per- cent between 1980 and 2000, yet its total employment for that period may increase by 19 percent. This can be, explained in a number of ways: greater female participation in the labor force and/or fewer hours worked per year per man as anti- cipated during the projection period. The E Series projects that approximately 4. 0 percent of the U. S. population or 8, 875, 900 people will be living in the Estuary Area by 1930. This is 4. 3 percent less people than forecast by Series C. By the year 2000, the population is projected to increase to 11, 574, 300; and in 2020, it will have surpassed 14, 127, 000 people or 4. 8 percent of the U. S. pop- ulation. Thus, the Estuary Area's growth rate will be slightly greater than the National rate. Table 3-143 shows the E population projection for 2020 to be over 13 percent less than the population projected by the C Series. Total employment for the Estuary Area is forecast to be higher using the E Series through the year 2000. However, by 2020 Series E projects 4. 8 percent fewer people employed within the Estuary Area than does the C Series. In 1980, total employ- ment will reach 4, 061, 200 people as projected by Series E. This will represent 45. 9 percent of the total population. By 2020, the number employed will make up 46. 0 percent of the Appendix 3 293 total population within the Study Area. Thus, very little change is expected in the ratio of population to total employment. For the United States as a whole, the percentage of population employed (14 years of age & older) will be 43 percent in 1980 and 43. 9 percent in 2020. This represents a ratio lower than that for the Estuary Area. The percent difference between Series E and Series C increases with each selected projected year--again with the exception of the Washington, D.C. -Maryland -Virginia economic area. In addition, of the five economic areas in which the Estuary Area is included, only the Washington, D.C. -Maryland -Virginia economic area has a higher population growth rate with Series E projections than with Series C. By 2020, however, Series E projects 1. 0 percent fewer people than the C Series. This is most likely due to the fact that Washington, D. C., is the, center of the Federal Government. As government continues to expand, the region will continue to attract people. All of the other economic areas follow the National trend with lower rates of growth projected by Series E. The greatest differ- ences in population growth rates are found in the Baltimore, Maryland, economic area where there are 28. 6 percent fewer people projected in the E Series by 2020. Comparing the two projection Series in terms of "total employ- ment, " a number of economic areas experience greater rates of growth with the E projections than with the C for selected projected years 1980 and 2000. By 2020, however, only the Washington, D. C. -Maryland -Virginia economic area exper- iences greater total employment with the E Series. As with population rates, this is due to the attraction of the Federal Government as a chief employer in the Region. Appendix 3 294 CHAPTER VI SUMMARY Historically, the land and water resources of the Chesapeake Bay Area have strongly influenced the development and econ- omy of the Region. In colonial times, agriculture, forestry, and fisheries provided food and building materials for a grow- ing Nation. Large amounts of freshwater have been available for both municipal and industrial use, and the Bay and its tributaries have served as valuable waterways for commerce. In addition, recreational resources and the natural beauty offered by the Bay and its sub-estuaries have traditionally offered strong inducement to live in the area. Today, portions of the Chesapeake Bay Region are heavily urbanized. The Region itself forms the southern portion of if megalopolis", a twentieth century phenomena considered by many to be the economic center of the Nation. The population of the Region, which has doubled since 1940, is currently about 8 million. It is expected to double again by 2020 with over 50 percent of this future growth projected to take place in the Washington, D. C. Subregion. In terms of employment, almost 3.3 million people were employed in the BayArea in 1970. This is projected to increase to over 6.8 million by 2020. The majority of thos-e presently employed work in the Services, Wholesale, and Retail Trade; Manufacturing; and Public Administration Sectors. Other Sec- tors such as Mining; Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries; Construction; Transportation, Communications, and Utilities; Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate; and the Armed Forces are also important as sources of employment within the Study Area. Although less than ten percent of the land is used for residen- tial, commercial, and industrial uses, nearly 80 percent of Appendix 3 295 the people in the Bay Area live in urban areas. The intensive socio-economic development which has characterized the Bay Region has brought with it certain conflicts between man and nature: ever increasing demands by industry for water for processing and cooling; recreational facilities and opportunities lagging behind a booming demand; adverse impacts brought about by expansion of navigational facilities to keep pace with economic expansion; continued pollution and sedimentation of the Region's waterways as a result of construction, industrial effluents, storm runoff, and municipal discharges; and shortage of adequate water supply and waste treatment facilities in some areas. Based on both past and present trends and the number of inhab- itants projected for the Estuary Area, conflicts between man and the Bay can only be expected to intensify while the demands to be placed on the Bay's resources will increase. The pro- jections presented in this appendix will prove useful for other Chesapeake Bay activity studies and in determining where future pressures on land and water resources can be expected. It is hoped that the appendix will serve as important input to a management program which will be used to guide man in util- izing the resources of the Chesapeake Bay Region. Appendix 3 296 14102 O@ 19 Department of the Army 0 Baltimore District, Corps of Engineers 3 6668' 14102 NIS