Status report Hood Canal Coordinating Council

[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]

HOOD CANAL
COORDINATING
COUNCIL

JULY 15v 1988
FINAL REPORT

G0088041

HOOD CANAL
SHELLFISH AND RECREATION STUDY

HOOD CANAL VIDEO PROJECT

HD
1694
.w2 PUBLISHED BY
H6
1988 kP COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
)IVISION STREET- PORT ORCHARD, WASHINGTON 9"66

Hood Canal Coordinating Council.

STATUS REPORT/
HOOD CANAL COORDINATI`NG COUNCIL
COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT GRANT

Property of Library

JULY 15, 1988

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NO,
COASTAL SERVICES CENTER
2234 SOUTH HOBSON AVENUE
CHARLESTON, SC 29405-24

The preparation of this report was financially aided through a grant from the
Washington State Department of Ecology with funds obtained from the National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and appropriated from Section 306 of
Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972.

Abstract

Title: Hood Canal Project Completion Report

Author: Hood Canal Coordinating Council

Subject: This report summarizes the activities of the Hood Canal
Coordinating Council toward accomplishing a Recreational
opportunities study and a video tape presentation of the
Coordinating Councils work toward development of a process by
which three Counties and Two Tribal Nations should consider the
care and development of land and water resources associated
with Hood Canal.

Date: June 30, 1988

Departments:
Department of Ecology, Kitsap County, Jefferson County, Mason
County , Clallam Indian Tribe, Skokomish Indian Tribe, and the
Point No Point Treaty Council.

Source of Copies:

Copies may be obtained from the Kitsap County Department of
Community Development, 614 Division, Port Orchard, Washington
98366.

WDOE Project Number: G 0088041

Series Number: 03

Number of Pages:

Abstract:
The Priority Goal of the Hood Canal Coordinating Council is to
preserve and maintain water quality within Hood Canal. The
various jurisdictions that exist along the shores of Hood Canal
realized that to accomplish the goal of preserving that water
2 quality a coordinated approach was going to have to be a
priority for all of them. In addition to setting this goal the
jurisdictions realized that the relation ship of a great many
actions by the counties and tribes were involved and that goals
and policies for each of these areas and concerns would be
necessary to guide the jurisdictions along there collective
path. This process and the associated resources they have
sought to preserve and maintain is the subject of the Hood Canal
video Tape presentation. During this process areas for more
study were identified. One of which was to study commercial and
recreational opportunities through out the Canal and identify
areas where more use could compatibly occur.

STATUS REPORT

Project Title:

Development of Hood Canal Resource Planning Video and Analysis
of Economic and Environmental Impacts of Expanded Recreational
Access and Related Shellfish Harvesting on the Canal.

Project Description:

The Hood Canal Coordinating Council's Grant Project consists of
the following two work elements:

Element 1: An analysis of economic and environmental impacts associated
with increased recreational access and Commercial shellfish
production.

The intent of this work element is to determine the full
economic value of both the recreational; and commercial shell
fish harvest in Hood Canal and the environmental and economic
impacts of increasing recreational access to the Canal. The
Council will work with treaty tribes, local, state and federal
agencies, economic development councils as well as private
industry.

Task 1:

Work with the three county Economic Development Councils to develop guidelines
for the study and its use, distribution and potential funding participation.

Status: The program director of the Hood Canal Coordinating Council meet
with representative of the Economic development Councils of Mason, Jefferson
and Kitsap County to determine how much participation both financial and
physical the Economic Development Councils desired after reviewing the scope of
work for the project. The Economic Development Councils desired to act as an
advisory committee to review the progress on the project and offered any
information that was available from the Economic Development Council and their
members for use by the student intern to be utilized. Guidelines for the
study and its use were discussed with the student intern. Distribution of the
study was agreed to be to members of the advisory group first before
recommendation to the Council and broad distribution to the general public.
The study was intended for distribution to the public as part of the Hood
Canal Coordinating Council work program. The Economic Development council of
Mason County volunteered their Council members to match the Grant to be used in
kind and to assist in the gathering of new information, area surveys if
necessary and for sample presentations of the study before release. The
advisory committee has meet to review information presented by the student
intern and has been polled by phone on critical concerns repeatedly. First,
they reviewed and commented on the original scope of work and student intern's
proposal to meet that scope of work. Secondly, they have reviewed the work as
it has progressed in draft form. Finally they have commented on the final
presentation of the study in conjunction with the Hood Canal Coordinating
Council staff.

Hood Canal Coordinating Council CZM Grant
JULY 15, 1988 Page 2

Task 2:

Work with area colleges and/or available environmental intern programs to
provide staff skilled in recreational economics and environmental issues.
0 Develop an agreement and hire by contract.

Status: The Hood Canal Coordinating Council staff advertized for services in
the local paper and placed notices with the area colleges requesting students
who might-be interested to contact the Hood Canal Coordinating Council Staff.
The Puget Sound Water Quality Authority was also notified and the Department of
go Ecology as well as The National Environmental Intern Program (EIP) Northwest.
Four qualified applicants were reviewed by the Hood Canal Coordinating Council
Staff and executive board and a recommendation made to the full Council to
hire an Intern for the project. Attachment "A" includes the contract with
Steven Boessow for the Study utilizing the Scope of Work Coordinated with the
Economic Development Councils/ Tribal Advisory Committee.

Task 3:

Work with intern to develop an analysis of recreational and commercial shell
fish activity on Hood Canal identifying where, when, how much and who uses
these resources as well as dollars spent by categories direct and indirect.

Status: The Hood Canal Coordinating Council Program Director worked with the
intern to develop and analysis of recreational and commercial shellfish
activity on Hood Canal. Information from the Mason County Economic Development
council as well as an Environmental Impact Statement prepared for an
aquaculture project in Kitsap County greatly advanced this project.
Inventories available from the Department of Fisheries, Department of Wildlife,
and Department of Social and Health Services as well as information from the
three County Planning and health departments was reviewed, compiled and
digested in order to develop sufficient data to begin to identify where, when
and how much these resources are used and by whom. Information from the
Washington State Department of Trade and Economic Development was used to
identify and estimate the amount of money spent by users of these resources.
Local information by personal interview and on site survey by the intern and
other persons was very helpful in establishing the where, when and how much of
the cash flow that is direct or indirect within the Hood Canal region and that
is attributable to the shellfish and recreational interest. Staff meet through
out the period on at least a monthly basis to review progress reports of the
intern during the completion of the project. Attachment "B" contains the
outline of the draft report of the Intern presented to the Advisory committee.

Hood Canal Coordinating Council CZM Grant
JULY 15, 1988 Page 3

Task 4:

Identify conflicting uses of the Canal, locations, user and other interest
groups, significant resource areas and review data with agencies and tribes in
relationship to goals and policies of the HCCC.

Status: Uses of the Canal were mapped by the intern and staff of the Hood
Canal Coordinating Council early on in the process utilizing land use maps of
the Counties, Department of Ecology Coastal Zone Atlas and personal knowledge
of participants on the Advisory committee. The intern and Staff of the Hood
Canal Coordinating Council then met with tribal representative to compare notes
on land uses and to identify conflicting uses with tribal fishing and other
resource activities. Staff also worked with boaters and recreational users
including scuba divers, clam diggers, and oysters growers on a formal survey as
well as an informal basis by doing personal interviews on conflicting
activities at various locations during on site surveys of recreational
opportunities. The intern then developed an analysis in relation to the Hood
Canal Coordinating Council Goals and policies for presentation to the Council.

Task 5:

Identify and existing local and state programs and policies affecting Hood
Canal resource management and analyze strengths and weaknesses and recommend
improvements.

Status: The Intern meet with representatives of the State Departments of
Ecology, Parks, Fisheries, and Game to identify existing local and state
programs and policies affecting Hood Canal resource management. Members of the
local Oyster and Shellfish industries were more than willing to cooperate in a
critique of programs and to provide individual insight. It is difficult from
these comments to sort out the "stories" from the actual impacts but some
conclusions about these programs and recommendations for improvements have been
made and are included. The draft study outline is included as attachment "B".

Hood Canal Coordinating Council CZM Grant
JULY 15, 1988 Page 4

Task 6:

Identify economic and environmental impacts of shellfish harvesting by
recreational and commercial users. Estimate impacts of increased recreational
and commercial use and identify criteria for appropriate locations.

Status: The intern utilized a number of County Environmental Impact studies
as well as information from the Department of Ecology, Department of Social and
Heath Services, and The Department of Agriculture and graduate papers available
from the University of Washington, and Evergreen College. Comparing regional
0 figures with the slight amount of local information that is available from
tribal and State sources that is directly attributable to the Hood Canal
region. An estimate of impacts of harvesting of recreational and commercial
users in a general way is possible. Increased use can then be estimated in a
similar manner but with much less reliability due to the scarcity of specific
information. What data is available has been noted and for future reference
the sources identified so that as better information is made available the
accuracy of the estimates tested and refined for future use. The final
intern's report is attached by this reference as EXHIBIT "F".

Hood Canal Coordinating Council CZM Grant
JULY 15. 1988 Page 5

ELEMENT 2: Development of a hood canal resources planning video

The Hood Canal Coordinating Council will develop a video tape presentation
depicting the unique role the Council has planned in dealing with the
difficult regional problems at the local level. Emphasis will be on the
environmental features (geology, hydrologic and habitat) and the benefits of
local cooperation.

Task 1:

Identify consultant interested in preparing video.

Status: The Hood Canal Coordinating Council published a Request for proposal
and received four written proposals which were reviewed by the full Council and
a selection made.

Task 2:

Develop and execute contract for the production of video.

Status: The Firm of North Pacific Film and Tape was selected by the full
Council to provide a video tape. The Consultant Contract, budget and schedule
is included as attachment "C".

Task 3:

Develop concept of video presentation and present to Hood Canal Coordinating
Council including proposed visual and verbal concepts.

Status: The Hood Canal Coordinating Council requested that the Applicants
for the video project include the proposed presentation and verbal concept for
the consideration of receipt of the contract such that different concepts and
ideas could be developed quickly and the decision as to both concept selection
and consultant completed in a timely manner so that additional time would be
available to the consultant to accomplish the final product. The visual and
.verbal concept then became the scope of work of the consultant Contract. The
scope of work is included in the contract attachment "C".

Hood Canal Coordinating Council CZM Grant
JULY 15, 1988 Page 6

Task 4:

Identify activities to be video taped and select appropriate visual
presentation.

Status: The Hood Canal Coordinating Council Program Director worked with the
Consultant to identify activities to be video taped which included activities
of the tribes, and volunteers as well as those of the Council and Staff of the
Jurisdictions as they went about the task of improving water quality and
identifying resources important to the Council. Since emphasis is placed upon
geology, hydrology and habitat the resources of tribal biologist and activities
of the tribes toward habitat enhancement were of particular interest. The
activities of community groups that were involved in monitoring, creek
enhancement and establishing base line studies were thought to be most
interesting if the tape is to be used for presentation for encouraging other
groups to be actively involved in maintaining water quality in other areas or
even to continue to encourage citizen participation among residents along and
surrounding Hood Canal.

Task 5:

Develop Sound Track and Key to visual.

Status: The preliminary sound tract was prepared by the Consultant and
reviewed by members of the Hood Canal Coordinating Council's Education
Committee. The Consultant then keyed the sound tract to the visual
presentation and has shown the preliminary tape to the key persons on the
Education Committee prior to final preparation of a draft to the Executive
Committee of the Council. A written description of the draft tape is attached
as attachment "D".

Task 6:

Review draft video with executive committee.

Status: The Executive Board reviewed the draft video during June 1988 and
developed a schedule for presentations to the full HCCC. The Education
Committee was directed to establish a schedule for review of the final video
with the Economic Development Councils of the Three Counties and to utilize the
Video at Hood Canal Coordinating Council Exhibits at the Kitsap County Fair
August 1988, Mason County Fair, August 1988, and Jefferson County Fair. The
Shelton, Washington Oyster feast in October 1989 was also suggested as well as
the Oceans Festival currently proposed for April, 1989 at the Kitsap Pavilion,
Bremerton, Washington.

Hood Canal Coordinating Council CZM Grant
JULY 15, 1988 Page 7

Task 7:

Present final video to Hood Canal Coordinating Council.

Status: The Hood Canal Coordinating Council received the final video and
six copies at the Hood Canal Coordinating Council July 1989 meeting. The
Public was encouraged to attend and notices of the availability of the tape
presentation were distributed such that additional community groups may utilize
the video presentation. The Council has contracted under a separate program
for the services of The Adopt A Beach program to identify and train volunteers
for use in monitoring local streams, and for work with area farmers and tribal
agencies in the Hood Canal Area such that the use of the video for such
training and education purposes has received many screening. The video tape is
attached by this reference as attachment "E" but is under separate cover.

APPENDIX

A STEVEN BOESSOW CONTRACT
B DRAFT SHELLFISH AND RECREATION STUDY OUTLINE
c NORTH PACIFIC FILM AND TAPE CONTRACT
D DRAFT VIDEO SOUNDTRACK TEXT
E ABSTRACT FOR VIDEO TAPE UNDER SEPARATE COVER
F FINAL SHELLFISH AND RECREATION STUDY

APPENDIX A

STEVEN BOESSOW CONTRACT
0

AGREEMENT FOR CONSULTANT SERVICES

THIS AGREEMENT, made by and between Kitsap County, 614 Division, Port
Orchard, WA hereinafter referred to as "COUNTY", and STEVEN N. BOESSOW,
hereinafter referred to as "CONSULTANT", residing at 1406 N. Puget Olympia,
Washington 98506.

WITNESSETH

IN CONSIDERATION of the mutual covenants and conditions herein contained the
parties do hereby agree as follows:

1. General

COUNTY engages CONSULTANT to furnish the services hereinafter mentioned upon
the covenants and conditions of this Agreement, at the compensation herein
stipulated, and CONSULTANT accepts said engagement upon said terms.

2. Duties of CONSULTANT: Services to be Performed by CONSULTANT

CONSULTANT shall perform such duties and services as are listed on EXHIBIT
'A' attached hereto, signed by the parties, hereby referred to and made a part
hereof by reference. Said services shall be performed in accordance with the
time frame specified in EXHIBIT 'A'.

3. Services or Materials to be Performed or Furnished by COUNTY

COUNTY shall perform such services or furnish such materials to CONSULTANT
in connection with the perfonpance of this Agreement as set forth on EXHIBIT 'B',
attached hereto signed by the parties, hereby referred to and made a part hereof
by reference. If there are no entries on said EXHIBIT 'B' , it is agreed that
COUNT y
Ishall not be required to provide any services or furnish any materials to
CONSULTANT in connection with this Agreement. Unless otherwise provided on
EXHIBIT 'B', all said services and materials will be furnished by COUNTY to
CONSULTANT without cost to CONSULTANT.

4. Pay-,qent by COUNTY, Time and Manner of Payment

COUNTY shall pay CONSULTANT for all services to be rendered by it and all
materials to be furnished by it under this Agreement, the amount specifically set
forth and in the manner specifically set forth on EXHIBIT 'C', attached hereto,
signed by the parties, hereby referred to and made a part hereof by reference.
CONSULTANT agrees to accept said sum as full compensation for all services due
under this Agreement.

5. Additional Work

The CONSULTANT shall be entitled to extra compensation for services or
materials not otherwise required under this Agreement, provided the COUNTY shall
first have requested such extra services or materials in writing, but in no event
shall COUNTY be liable for payment unless the amount of such extra compensation
shall first have been agreed to in writing by COUNTY.

Agreement, Page 2
Consultant Services

6. Professional Skill_

CONSULTANT represents that he is skilled in the professional calling
necessary to perform the work agreed to be done by it under this Agreement.
COUNTY relies upon the skill of CONSULTANT to do and perform its vnrk in the most
skillful manner, and CONSULTANT agrees to thus perform its work, and the
acceptance of its work by COUNTY shall not operate as a release of CONSULTANT
from said Agreement.

7. Prohibited Interest
8 No member, officer, or employee of COUNTY shall have any interest, direct or
indirect, in this Agreement or in the proceeds thereof.

8. Equal Employment Opportunit

CONSULTANT shall not discriminate against any employee or applicant for
employment because of race, creed, color or national origin.

9. Compliance with Laws

CONSULTANT shall endeavor to comply with all Federal, State and local laws,
statutes, ordinances, rules and regulations and the orders and decrees of any
0 courts or administrative bodies or tribunals in any manner affecting the
performance of the Agreement.

10. In-dependent Contractor

CONSULTANT is acting as an independent contractor in furnishing the services
or materials and performing the work required by this Agreement and is not an
agent, servant or employee of COUNTY.

11. Indeminity

CONSULTANT agrees to indemnify and save harmless COUNTY their officers and
employees from any and all costs, expenses, claims, liabilities or damages, known
or unknown, to persons or property heretofore or hereafter arising out of or in
any way connected with the negligent acts, errors or omissions of the CONSULTANT,
its officers, employees, agents, contractors, subscontractors or any officer,
agenct, or employee thereof for work performed under this Agreement.

12. Insurance: Workers Compensation

CONSULTANT agrees to comply with all State requirements relating to Workers'
Compensation Insurance.

Agreement. Page 3
Consultant Services

13. County_Representative

The Planning Department of COUNTY, through Clyde Stricklin, shall represent
COUNTY in all matters pertaining to the services to be rendered under this
Agreement; all requirements of COUNTY pertaining to the services and materials to
be rendered under this Agreement shall be coordinated through said COUNTY
representative.

14. Consultant Representative

The President of CONSULTANT shall represent CONSULTANT in all matters
pertaining to the services and materials to be rendered under this Agreement all
requirements of CONSULTANT pertaining to the services or materials to be rendered
under this Agreement shall be coordinated through the CONSULTANT representative.

15. Notices

Unless otherwise provided herein, all notices required hereunder shall be
given by certified mail, postage prepaid and addressed to the party at the
address indicated in the opening paragraph of this Agreement provided, however,
that in lieu thereof, notice may be given by personal delivery to the party at
said address.

16. Reports

Unless otherwise provided herein, the CONSULTANT shall submit written
progress reports to the COUNTY with each billing statement.

17. Title to Doc uments

All original calculations, design notes, reports and other material or
documents developed or used by the CONSULTANT and its subcontractors in
connection with the performance of this Agreement shall be the property of the
COUNTY and shall be made available to the COUNTY by the CONSULTANT as follows:

A. Completion of Agreement:

As provided in EXHIBIT 'A' and EXHIBIT 'C' and, upon completion of the terms
of this Agreement, the CONSULTANT shall furnish the required number of
copies of its Reports and quality reproducible transparencies of all
drawings and maps in a form acceptable to the COUNTY. All reports,
docuTients, and materials shall bear the name of the CONSULTANT.

B. Termination of Agreement:

Upon receipt of a notice of termination, pursuant to the terms of the
Agreement, the CONSULTANT shall: (1) promptly discontinue all services

Agreement, Page 4
Consultant Services

affected (unless the notice directs otherwise); (2) promptly notify all
subcontractors and/or others providing related services to discontinue those
services accordingly; and, (3) deliver in a satisfactory form to the COUNTY
copies of data, drawings, specifications, reports, estimates, summaries, and
such other information and materials as may have been accumulated by the
CONSULTANT and his subcontractors in performing this Agreement.

C. Use of Documents:

The intended use of these documents, reports, and materials is to provide
CONSULTANT services, said work program more fully set forth in EXHIBIT 'A'. The
CONSULTANT will not be liable for the re-use of these documents, reports, and
materials for any use other than that intended use, without the expressed written
consent of CONSULTANT.

18. Assignment:

Neither party shall assign or sublet any portion of this Agreement without
the written consent of the other party in writing.

19. Termination

Without limitation to such rights or remedies as COUNTY shall otherwise have
by law, COUNTY shall also have the right to terminate this Agreement for any
reason upon written notice to CONSULTANT. In the event of such termination,
CONSULTANT shall be compensated for the actual Services performed or materials
furnished through the date of receipt of notification from COUNTY to terminate.

20. Schedule and Completion of Studies

The CONSULTANT shall commence work authorized by this Agreement following
its execution. All work authorized by this Agreement shall be satisfactorily
completed five (5) months following its execution.

21. Best Professional Effort

The CONSULTANT acknowledges that the performances and services provided
herein are important elements of this Agreement; accordingly the CONSULTANT shall
put forth its best professional effort to complete the work in accordance with
the schedule provided.

22. Entire Agreement; Amendment

This writing constitutes the entire Agreement between the parties relating
to the services to be performed or materials to be furnished hereunder. No
modification hereof shall be effective unless and until such modification is
evidenced by writing signed by all parties to this Agreement.

23. Miscellaneous

All covenants herein shall be conditions. Time shall be of the essence.
Failure on the part of either party to enforce any provision of this Agreement

Agreement, Page 5
Consultant Services

shall not be construed as a waiver or the right to compel enforcement of such
provision or any other provision. The singular number shall include the plural
and the masculine gender shall include the feminine gender and neuter gender
whenever the context of this Agreement permits.

24. In the event legal action is instituted between COUNTY and CONSULTANT
arising out of this Agreement the prevailing party shall be entitled to recover,
in addition to costs, a reasonable attorney fee to be determined by the court,
including an appellate court.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have hereunto set their hands the day and
year first above written.

BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS
KITSAP COUNTY, WA

Commissioner
ATTEST:
Holly a. Clerk Cimmissioner
Holly Clark, Clerk of the Board
CONSULTANT
Attachments:
EXHIBIT 'A' CONSULTANT Services BY:

EXHIBIT 'B COUNTY Services

EXHIBIT 'C' Compensation Amount and Manner

The CONSULTANT certifies that it complies with all State requirements relating to
Worker's Compensation Insurance as required in CONSULTANT Agreement.

BY:
CONSULTANT

BLANK/AGREE #2

EXHIBIT 'A'
SCOPE OF SERVICES

A. RECREATION STUDY -- Consultant will conduct research on the
environmental and economic impacts of water-based recreational
activities In the Hood Canal watershed. Research will be
presented to the full Council in June of 1988 in the form of a
written report and oral testimony to the Council.

Consultant will keep a record of activities and expenses and will
report weekly to the Program Director on the progress of the
project. The following information will be included in the final
report:

Part I Abstract, overview and introduction.

Part 11 Current recreational! uses of the Cana!. descriptions
of activities, agencies with management /enforcement
responsibilities; seasons; openings; access sites; Inventories of
facilities.

Part III -_ Economic impacts to the Watershed: licenses, fees,
state funding, local businesses (convenience stores, lodging and
services.) Included also in this section would be local costs to
provide services, such as emergency services, road and public
docK maintenance and repair, traffic control, garbage/sewage
disposal, and enforcement activities.

Part IV -- Environmental impacts from recreational activities.
This probably will be based on theoretical impacts, more than
specifically identified or documented impacts, and should include
a discussion of both impacts and mitigative measures currently
taken or indentified as successful. Closures, with possible
causes, on recreational shellfish beaches should be discussed.

Part V-- Questionnaire results. A questionnaire will be
developed with the assistance of the advisory group to determine
local recreational uses and needs. Results will be used in
forming recommendations for long-term recreational planning..

Part VII.-- Findings and recommendations. To also be included
in this section would be identification, if needeed, of additional
access sites to the Canal, and potential funding sources;
synthesis with HCCC Shellfish Study; and recommendations to the
Council for further action/investigation.

Part VIII -- Bibliography

B. SHELLFISH STJDY -- Consultant will conduct research on the
economic value -of commercial and recreational shellfish harvest
in the Hood Canal watershed. Research will be presented to the
full Council in June of 1988 in the form of a written report and
oral testimony to the Council.

Consultant will work with an advisory group of state, local and
tribal governments, ports and economic development councils, in
developing the research guidelines for the project. The Mason
County EDC has conducted a similar study and has donated all
findings and original research materials to the Council to assist
in this study. The Point-no-Point Treaty Council also has data
that will be used in the study. Consultant will conduct surveys
of existing economic data and literature and survey/interview
shellfish growers, tribal fishermen and people involved in
recreational harvest.

Consultant will Keep a record of activities and expenses and will
report weekly to the Program Director on the progress of the
project. Written monthly reports will be submitted with
vouchers. The following information will be included in the
final report:

PART I -- Introduction: Abstract, statement of purpose and
methodology.

PART 11 -- Overview and narrative on historical use of the Canal
for shellfish harvest. To be included would be a discussion of
trit-al harvest activities, treaty rights and the Soldt decision.
(Section on tribal activities to be the responsibility of HCCC
Program Director.)

PAPT III -- Present activity, harvest site identification,
economic value and species.

PART IV -- Physical properties of the Canal as they impact
growing/harvest conditions.

PART V -- Potential for increasing harvest, habitat enhancement
and aquaculture techniques.

PART VI -- Threats to resource, includirg water quality data 4rom
county/tribal surveys, regulatory inadequacies and closures.

PART VII Survey results and analysis.

PAPT VIII Findings/recommendations.

PART IX -- Bibliography

C. END PRODUCTS AND TIMELINE

1. Preliminary advisory group meetings shall be held no 'later

than March 30, i988.

2. Questionnaires shall be approved by advisory groups no later
than April 15th.

B. Draft reports shall be submitted to the Council no later than
May 30th.

4. Minutes of all advisory board meetings shall be submitted
along with regular monthly reports.

EXHIBIT 'B'

COUNTY SERVICES

the COUNTY will provide the CONSULTANT with the resources necessary to perform the
services outlined in this Agreement and which are agreed to by the Hood Canal
Coordinating Council.

These services to be provided by COUNTY may include the use of meeting rooms and access
to information and staff.

EXHIBIT 'C'
-COMPENSATION AMOUNT AND MANNER
I

Upon submittal of products and progress reports by task on County
forms, setting out actual hours worked and allowable expenses
meeting the requirements set forth in the State of Washington's
"Financial Guidelines for Grants Management', CONSULTANT shall be
reimbursed as follows:

The contract sum paid to the CONSULTANT shall be the total
sum of Six Thousand Dollars($,6000.00). Payments shall be
monthly for five months at One Thousand, Two Hundred
Dollars.

In addition, the CONSULTANT will be reimbursed by the COUNTY
for all expenses incurred in the performance of the services
outlined in this Agreement. This is not to be over Two
Hundred Dollars($200.00) per month without advanced
permission from the COUNTY. CONSULTANT agrees to maKe every
effort to keep these expenses to a minimum.

I APPENDIX B

DRAFT SHELLFISH AND RECREATION STUDY OUTLINE
z

gh
w

PART 1: INTRODUCTION
I. Contents
II. Abstract
III. Introduction
IV. Methods

PART 2: HISTORICAL N%RRATIVE
I. Historical Uses of Hood Canal
A. Tribal
1. Locations
2. Species
B. Non-Indian
1. Locations
2. Species
C. Changes in Species
1. Olympia>Pacific>01ympia Oyster
2. Manila and Softshell Clams
II. Indian Rights
A. Past Treaties
B. Past Tribal Harvests
C. Boldt and Boldt II Decision
III. Geological history
A. Formation of H C
B. Current and Flushing Characteristics
C. Substrate and Shorline Make-up

PART' 3: PRESENT ACTIVITY
1. Harvest
A. Site Identification
1. Sites presently under cultivation
2. Licensed, but not used
3. Unlicensed with potential
4. Traditional Indian Harvests
5. Decertified or Uncertifiable
B. Economc Value
1. From Individual Species
2. Froin the Fishery as a Whole
3. To tne Surrounding areas
C. Species- Descriptions/Life history
1. Manila Clams
2. Butter Clams
3. Horse Clams
4. Geoduc
5. Eastern Softshell Clams
6. Pacific Oyster
7. Olympia Oyster
8. Shrimp (cmTnercial?)
D. Methods
1. Of harvest
2. Of Raising _4
3. Of Breeding/Seeding

PART 4: FUPURE OUTLOOK
I. Increasing Harvests

A. Better Habitat Managment
B. Efficient Aquaculture Technique
c. inproved Species
1. Triploid oysters
2. Hardier, ftDre resilient Strains
D. Additional species
1. Scallops
2. mussels
II. Threats to Resource
A. Water Quality
B. Regulatory Inadequacies
C. Predators
D. Increasing Populations

PART 5: SURVEY
I. Survey Results

PART 6: OONCLUSION (Same as for Recreation)
I. Findings and Recomendations
Il. Appendices
A. Questionnaire
B. Relevant Documents
1. Boldt and Boldt II
2. maps
3. Charts and Graphs
III. Bibliography

PART 1: INIRODUCrION
I. Contents
II. Abstract
III. Introduction
IV. Methods

PART' 2: TYPES OF RE)MEATION
I. Recreational uses of Hood Canal
A. Shellfish
1. Oysters
2. manila Clams
3. Horse Claus
4. Butter Clams
5. Geoduc
6. Shrimp
7. Crab
B. Boating
C. Fishing
1. Salmon
2. Bottomfish
3. Freshwater
D. Passive activities
1. Beachcombing
2. Hiking
3. Cwrp i ng

II. Management/Enforcement
A. Regulatory agencies
1. Shellfish
2. Fish
3. Boating
a. licensing
b. enforcement
B. Seasons and Restrictions
1. All Marine Wildlife
C. Laws and Requirements
1. Boats

III. Facilities
A. Mar i na s
1. Size and Scope of operation
2. Amenities
3. location
B. Boat Ramps
C. Carrpgrounds
1. Size
2. Amenities
3. Limitations
4. Location
D. Access Sites
1. Type of access
a. Boat only
b. Walk/Boat only
c. Nearby Parking

2. Location of Access
3. Discription
4. Limitations

PART 3: TOURIST RELATED IMPACrS AND BENIFITS
1. Econcrrdc Benifits to the Region
A. License Fees
B. Direct travel related spending
C. Taxes
D. State Spending

II. Economic Inpacts
A. Road Maintenance
B. Public Dock and Ranp Maintenance
C. Traffic Control
D. Garbage Disposal
E. Sewage Disposal
F. Emergency Services
1. Ambulance
2. Fire
3. Police
G. Non-E7ergency Enforcement
1. Routine Police Calls
2. Fish and Shellfish Enforcement
3. Boating Enforcement

III. Environmental Inpacts
A. Septic Systezs
B. Boats
1. Oil
2. Sewage
3. Garbage
C. Marinas
1. Boat Pollution
2. Traffic
3. human Activity
D. human Activity
1. Disturbing to Wildlife
2. Squashes and Trarriples
E. Stormwater
1. Road Runoff
a. oil
b. toxins
2. Building Runoff
3. Agriculture/grounds Runoff
a. fertilizer
b. pesticides
c. herbicides
d. erosion
F. Shellfish Closures
1. Fecal Choliform
a. failing septic systems

b. inprcper waste disposal (boats)
c. seals
2. Locations
3. Standards for Closure

IV. Controlling Environmental Degradation
A. Boater Education
1. Use ot MSDIs
2. Oil Disposal
3. Understanding Marine Ecosystems
B. Adherance to Strict Planning Policy
1. Approved Septic Systems
2. Proper Placement of Shoreline Inprovements
3. Strict Zoning Codes
C. Shoreline and Upland Land Owners Education
1. Dangers of Household Chemicals
2. Dangers of Yard Care Chemicals
D. Tourist Education
1. Respect Wildlife
2. Understand H C's Ecosystems
3. Understand Game Regulations
E. Consistent Enforcement
1. Shellfish and Fish Takes
2. Littering and Dumping (boats)
3. All Septic Systezs and Punp-out Stations

PART 4: QUEST1044-IRE

PART 5: COW-LUSION
1. Findings and Recomendations
II. Appendices
A. Bibliography
B. Copies of Questionaires
C. Copies of relevant Documents

I
0

APPENDIX C

NORTH PACIFIC FILM AND TAPE CONTRACT
0

AGREEMENT FOR SERVICES

FOR

HOOD CANAL COORDINATION COUNCIL VIDEO

THIS AGREEMENT, made this 0-'3 day of 1987 by and
between Kitsap County, Port Or ard, Washington, 'hereinafter referred to as
"COUNTY", and North Pacific Film and Tape, 108 South Jackson, Suite 201, Seattle,
Washington 98104, hereinafter referred to as "CONSULTANT".

WITNESSETH

IN CONSIDERATION of the mutual covenants and conditions herein contained the
parties do hereby agree as follows:

1. General

2. Duties of CONSULTANT: Services to be Performed by CONSULTANT

CONSULTANT shall perform such duties and services are listed on ATTACHMENT 'A,
enclosed, signed by the parties, hereby referred to and made a part hereof by
reference. Said services shall be performed in accordance with the time frame
specified.

3. Services or Materials to be Performed or Furnished by COUNTY

COUNTY shall perform such services or furnish such materials to CONSULTANT in
connection with the performance of this Agreement as set forth on ATTACHMENT 'B',
enclosed, signed by the parties, hereby referred to and made a part hereof by
reference. If there are no entries on said ATTACHMENT 1B1, it is agreed that
COUNTY shall not be required to provide any services or furnish any materials to
CONSULTANT in connection with this Agreement, Unless otherwise provided on
ATTACHMENT 'B', all said services and materials will be furnished by COUNTY to
CONSULTANT without cost to CONSULTANT.

4. Payment by COUNTY, Time and Manner of Payment

COUNTY shall pay CONSULTANT for all services to be rendered by it and all
materials to be furnished by it under this Agreement, the amount specifically set
forth and in the manner specifically set forth on ATTACHMENT 'C', attached hereto,
signed by the parties, hereby referred to and made a part hereof by reference.
CONSULTANT agrees to accept said sum as full compensation for all services due
under this Agreement.

VIDEV.1:PG

5. Additional Work

The CONSULTANT shall be entitled to extra compensation for services or
materials not otherwise required under this AGREEMENT, provided the COUNTY shall
first have requested such extra services or materials in writing, but, in no event
shall COUNTY be liable for payment unless the amount of such extra compensation
shall first have agreed to in writing by COUNTY.

6. Skills to be Provided by CONSULTANT

CONSULTANT represents that it is skilled in the calling necessary to perform
the work agreed to be done by it under this Agreement. COUNTY relies upon the
skill of CONSULTANT to do and perform its work in the most skillful manner, and
CONSULTANT agrees to thus perform its work, and the acceptance of its work by
COUNTY shall not operate as a release of CONSULTANT from said Agreement.

7. Prohibited Interest

No member, officer, or employee of COUNTY shall have any interest, direct or
indirectV in this Agreement or in the proceeds thereof.

8. Equal Employment Opportunity

CONSULTANT shall not discriminate against any employee or applicant for
employment because of race, creed, color or national origin.

9. Compliance with Laws

CONSULTANT shall endeavor to comply with all Fedral, State and County laws,
statutes, ordinances, rules and regulations and the orders and decrees of any
courts or administrative bodies or tribunals in any manner affecting the
performance of the Agreement.

10. Independent Contractor

CONSULTANT agrees that it is acting as an independent contractor in furnishing
the services or materials and performing the work required by this Agreement and is
not an agent, servant or employee of COUNTY.

11. Indemnity

CONSULTANT agrees to indemnify and save harmless COUNTY their officers and
employees from any and all costs, expenses, claims liabilities or damages, known or
unknown, to persons or property heretofore or hereafter arising out of or in any
way connected with the negligent acts, errors or omissions of the CONSULTANT.

12. Insurance: Workers Compensation

CONSULTANT agrees to comply with all State requirements relating to Workers'
Compensation Insurance.

-2

13. COUNTY representative

The Kitsap County Department of Community Development, through Clyde
Stricklin, shall represent COUNTY in all matters pertaining to the services to be
0 rendered under this Agreement; all requirements of COUNTY pertaining to the
services and materials to be rendered under this Agreement shall be coordinated
through the said COUNTY representative.

14. CONSULTANT representative

Tom Putnam shall represent CONSULTANT in all matters pertaining to the
services and materials to be rendered under this Agreement, all requirements of
CONSULTANT pertaining to the services or materials to be rendered under this
Agreement shall be coordinated through the CONSULTANT representative.

15. Notices

Unless otherwise provided herein, all notices required hereunder shall be
given by certified mail, postage prepaid and addressed to the party at the address
indicated in the opening paragraph of this Agreement provided, however, that in
lieu thereof, notice may be given by personal delivery to the party at said
address:

16. Reports

Unless otherwise provided herein, the CONSULTANT shall submit written progress
reports to the County as set out in Attachment W.

17. Title to Documents

All original reports and other material or documents developed or used by the
CONSULTANT in connection with the performance of this Agreement shall be the
property of the COUNTY and shall be made available to the COUNTY by the
CONSULTANT.

18. Assignment

Neither party shall assign or sublet any portion of this Agreement without the
written consent of the other party.

19. Termination

Without limitation to such rights or remedies as COUNTY shall otherwise have
by law, COUNTY shall also have the right to terminate this Agreement for any reason
upon written notice to CONSULTANT. In the event of such termination, CONSULTANT
shall be compensated for the actual services performed or materials furnished
through the date of receipt of notification from COUNTY representative.

20. Schedule and Completion of Studies

The CONSULTANT shall commence work authorized by this Agreement
following its execution. All work authorized by this Agreement shall be
completed to the County's satisfaction by June 30, 1989.

21. Best Professional Effort

The CONSULTANT acknowledges that its performances and services are important
elements of this Agreement; accordingly the CONSULTANT shall put forth its best
professional effort to complete the work in accordance with the schedule provided.

22. Entire Agreement; Amendment

This writing constitutes the entire Agreement between the parties relating to
the services to be performed or materials to be furnished hereunder. No
modification hereof shall be effective unless and until such modification is
evidenced by writing signed by all parties to this Agreement.

23. Mi scel 1 aneous

All covenants herein shall be conditions. Time shall be of the essence.
Failure on the part of either party to enforce any provision of this Agreement
shall not be construed as waiver or the right to compel enforcement of such
provision or any other provision. The singular number shall include the plural,
and the masculine gender shall include the feminine gender and neuter gender
whenever the context of this Agreement permits.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have hereunto set their hands this,-?87i,
day of 1987.

KITSAP COUNTY

BY:

CKIRMAN
L3,6-@Apz Or- Cow-miss"ERS

EXHIBITS:

EXHIBIT 'A' Consultant Services CONSULTANT

EXHIBIT 'B' County Services BY:

EXHIBIT 'C' Compensation

The CONSULTANT certifies that it complies with all State requirements relating the
Worker's Compensation Insurance as required in CONSULTANT'S Agreement.

L
Tom Putnam
North Pacific Film and Tape

VID67.4A

Ift
w

ATTACHMENT 'A'

SCOPE OF WORK

HOOD CANAL VIDEO PROJECT

RECOMMENDED APPROACH

As described in the RFP, the Hood Canal Video is a hybrid. It will be primarily an
informative piece, yet in order to capture the hearts and minds of the audience, a
sense of place and ecology should be established.

The primary goal will be to convey the history, organization, cooperative nature,
and effectiveness of the Hood Canal Coordinating Council. This must be done in the
context of ecological integrity of the region as a whole and the Hood Canal in
particular.

Attention must also be paid to the diverse interests and groups involved in this
cooperative effort. These interests must be identified. A preliminary survey
suggests communities, local governments, economic interests such as timber and
fisheries, Indian tribes, and recreational interests as all having an important
stake in decision-making around Hood Canal.

We recommend attention to several specific details:

1. Watershed issues and impacts. A watershed analysis will tie together both
east and west sides of the Canal, an dpromotes a holistic view.

2. One or two specific case studies of the work of the HCCC. It would be
useful if they involved several of the previously mentioned interest groups,
and if they emphasize first, how a cooperative approach was necessary to solve
a problem, and second, how the HCCC assisted in the solution.

Specific recommended procedures are as follows:

1. PRE-PRODUCTION

a. Orientation- Producer learns the history of the Hood Canal Coordinating
Council (and Hood Canal), attends one or more meetings, and visits sites
for location shooting.

b. Consultation- Identify primary issues and outlook for the video, primarily
revolving around the watershed/nonpoint pollution concerns.

As described in the RFP, focus should be on identifying geographical and
environmental significance of the Hood Canal watershed and present issues
threatening the Canal's ecosystem.

Also identify major sources and resources: Local governments, tribes,
timber, fish, and recreation interests, etc.

Identify primary interviews, probably one from each interest group.

Research one or two major case studies which illustrate the structure,
operation, and issues the Council is involved with, and how it operates.

c. Write script and production outline in consultation with Council members
and staff.

PRODUCTION: All material will be shot in high quality video or shot in film and
transferred to video for final edit.

1. On-site footage and interviews
2. Survey existing footage resources for cost-effectiveness. North facific has
some excellent footage of cost-effectiveness. North Pacific has some excellent
.footage of Puget Sound in general and of watershed related items. We also have
access to underwater footage which might be desirable.

dk POST-PRODUCTION: Editing, mixing, and dubbing
ow
1. Editing: Roughcut, finecut stages will be major points of review by Council
and Staff.

2. Music and sound effects will be added at final sound mix.

TIMELINE AND PRODUCTION SCHEDULE:

MONTH 1 MONTH 2 MONTH 3

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Orientation
Research and script Location Photography
Editing -----------
Roughcut Review
Finecut Review
Narration and Effects
Dub Tape copies

PRODUCTIONS FACTORS

A. GOALS

* educated the audience about the structure, activities and purposes of the
Hood Canal Coordinating Council.

* Provide general enlightenment on the integrity and complexity of the Hood
Canal and its relationship to Puget Sound, to the forest ecosystern, and to
local geomorphology and hydrology.

stimulate local action in other watersheds by providing a model.

recognize and perhaps enhance the cooperative effort among diverse groups
mentioned earlier in promoting effective actions to help solve nonpoint
pollution problems around Hood Canal.

elucidate the management strategies used by the Council for cooperative
resource planning.

B. BUDGET: The bid for the video is $12,000.

Comment: Producing a ten-to-twelve minute video for this budget will require
precision, and dictates an expository rather than documentary approach. It

will have to be well scripted and conservatively shot, rather than a
documentary approaqh which allows for shooting large amounts of material and
lets the story tell itself.

NONPOINT POLLUTION ISSUES

Nonpoint pollution is the result of numerous individual and collective actions,
most of which are not perceived by the public as having any connection to water
quality.

The problems of nonpoint pollution are both diffuse and overlapping. They are both
urban and rural, and it is difficult to measure relative contributions from various
sources as well as to prioritize strategies for prevention. It is a problem which
must be attacked simultaneously on many fronts.

Some factors: septic tanks, logging practices, farming practices, urban runoff,
household hazardous wastes, and airborne pollution. It would seem probable that
rural factors are more in evidence than urban-related ones in Hood Canal.

The recently concluded Timber/Fish/Wildlife agreement suggests that much of the
problem lies in factors rooted in awareness and communication. Integrative
policies are just beginning to be adopted. Practices in diverse areas have not
been aware of those in other areas. This is a feature in which communication in
general can make the difference, and hopefully the video will point this out and
promote such communication iteself.

Due to the magnitude and complexity of the public education task involved in
nonpoint pollution, and the technical, social, and political aspects of the Hood
Canal Coordinating Council's activities, a primary factor in the effective
production will be substantial research and coordination with the Council's
technical staff.

The producer should be chosen partially on the company's ability to do the
research, on its background in environmental issues, and its familiarity with the
complex factors involved in nonpoint pollution.

North Pacific has demonstrated such capabilities in previous work.

ATTACHMENT 'B'

COUNTY SERVICES

The County has contracted with Lela Hilton-Perez
to coordinate activities of the Hood Canal
Coordination Council. Lela Hilton-Perez will
work with the consultant to provide background
information and to obtain information necessary
to complete the project.

ATTACHMENT 'C'

C014PENSATION AMOUNT AND SERVICES

Contract sum to be paid to the consultant shall be the total sum of twelve thousand
dollars ($12,000.00). Payments shall be made upon completion of each phase of the
project. Phases are identified in the scope of work as:

Phases:

I. Start Up: $3,000

II. Orientation

Research and Script* $3,000

III. Location Photography*

Editing $3,000

IV. Rough Cut Review $3,000

Fine Cut Review*
Narration and Effects
Dub Tape Copies*
T1-2,000

*Materials to be furnished

APPENDIX D

DRAFT VIDEO SOUND TRACT TEXT

NORTH PACIFIC FILM & TAPE

108 South Jackson Suite 201 Seattle, Washington 98104 (206) 623-2130 623-3151

HOOD CANAL VIDEO SCRIPT

DRAFT WITH CORRECTIONS

March 18, 1988

Contact: Tom Putnam

North Pacific Film and Tape
108 South Jackson, Suite 201
Seattle, WA 98104

(206) 623-3151

3/18/88 page I

DRAFT DRAFT DRAFT

SCRIPT: HOOD CANAL VIDEO

AUDIO VISUALS

INTRODUCTION:

NARRATOR:

In the Hood Canal, water ties everything Wetlands with early
together. Human activities- from morning sun reflected in
aquaculture, fishing, and recreation- to the web of small
agriculture and forestry, either affect or waterways
are affected by the quality of water.,
Farmers, fishermen, tourists, residents, and Waterfall
native peoples all have a vital interest in
keeping Hood Canal's waters and watershed Shellfish gatherers at
clean. low tide
In a landscape which can include Logging
conflicts between resource exploitation and Fishing boats
habitat preservation, between shellfish
growers and small farmers, between indigenous
peoples and local governments, to name only a
few, it is important to remember the common
values of beauty and ecological integrity
which bind residents of the Hood Canal region
together.

11. DESCRIPTION OF HOOD CANAL:

dk Three interview segments:

1. Aesthetic/Recreational- e.g., resident on Resource groups
beach:
Wildlife
"we have a special place here. It's
natural, it's quiet-- it's a reminder of how Scenic Beauty, perhaps
beautiful nature can be..." Walker Mountain overlook

Resident on Beach

2.' Economic: e.g., shellfish grower:
"There have been a number of closures of Commercial shellfish
shellfish harvest areas in the past few
years-that's something new. our industry grower/harvester at
depends on clean water ... We have to work to workplace
keep development and pollution from ruining
the biological resources..."

3. Environmental/indigenous people:

"In the space of a few years, we've seen
the beginnings of damage to the environment
and to the resources. With care and Native American in
education, we can preserve the area for illustrative setting
future generations..."

A. PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION:

NARRATOR:

The Hood Canal is a 61-mile long
fishhook-shaped fjord forming the westernmost Map showing Hood Canal
boundary of the Puget Sound Basin. Location
The canal possesses rich geological
diversity. Forested and snowcapped mountains Aerial shot of Hood
ranging up to 8,000 feet lie to the west. Canal, showing forests
These mountains are drained by five major and mountains
river systems.
Low lying hills surround the water
to the south and east, where a majority of River and river delta
development has occurred.
Bordering the Canal are: South Canal area showing
bulkheads and homes
two Indian Reservations, the Port
Gamble/Klallam in the north, and the
Skokomish in the south; Shots of reservations
a large military installation-- the
Navy's Submarine Base at Bangor; Bangor sub base if
several fish hatcheries; available
county, state and federal parks;
shellfish growing and seed-producing Fish hatchery
facilities;
a Department of Fisheries shellfish Park
laboratory;
recreation facilities, a sawmill, Commercial shellfish
hydroelectric installations, and permanent as operation
well as vacation homes. Shellfish lab

sawmill, Tacoma City
Light installation, homes

B. RESOURCES:

The Hood Canal hosts a rich diversity of Scenery
wildlife and biological resources. Estuarine
areas function as scenic and recreation Wildlife
areas, and provide flood reduction, pollution
control, fish and wildlife support, storm and Fishing
erosion control, water supplies, and
education and research areas. River estuary, probably
Economic resources include shellfish Dosewallips
growing and harvesting, with the potential
for doubling production. Oyster and clam harvest
oysters, clams, shrimp, geoducks, crabs,
and smelt are harvested both commercially and Shrimping
recreationally.
Timber harvest provides many jobs and
contributes to the Hood Canal's economic
base.
Above all, Hood Canal is a watershed.
The quality of water depends on activities Running water during
from the crest of the mountains to the bottom rainstorm
of the Canal. In the upland areas,
development, farming, and timber practices Mountains
all have effects on water quality. Stream near farm
It is vital that all residents of the
Canal understand the ways that everything is
connected to everything else.

111. PROBLEMS:

INTERVIEW:
Compared to some other areas in greater Wetlands
Puget Sound, Hood Canal is still in
relatively good shape. But there are
problems. South shore homes
There is a growing awareness of the
Canal's vulnerability to water pollution. Septic tank pumping
Rapid population growth has led to
nonpoint pollution from failing septic tanks, Erosion and siltation
poor farming practices, and erosion and
siltation from building sites. Shellfish closure sign
Shellfish closures have increased,
threatening recreation and commercial
harvest. Declining populations of salmon and Mouth of Canal, open
bottom fish have been noted. water
Although the average depth of the Canal
is between 500 and 600 feet, shallow sills
located near the mouth prevent good
circulation and vertical mixing of water.
Hood Canal takes much longer than other Puget
Sound embayments to complete an exchange of
sea water.

The economic base of Hood Canal depends
largely on biological diversity, and on
reconciling activities which are sometimes in
conflict with each other.

A. INTENSIVE POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT
- PRESSURES

NARRATOR:
The pristine beauty of the Hood Canal Tourist and recreation
has made it a vacation and tourist activities
- destination for many years. But more and
more people are making it a permanent home.
The conversion of vacation homes to permanent
residences and the development of the tourist New Housing and
industry are leading to increasing population construction
pressures on the environment. Population
doubled in the shoreline areas of Hood Canal
between 1970 and 1980. Many places in'the Crowded shoreline homes
Basin also have steep slopes and poor soils
which increase the Canal's vulnerability to
pollution. Septic tank maintenance
The problems of failing septic systems
are compounded by soil conditions, leading to
increasing bacterial contamination of the Wetlands near river mouth
waterways. The estuarine areas most affected
are often the most fertile grounds for
shellfish culture. Nine areas of the canal Polluted stream
have been restricted for shellfish harvest.
Poor farming practices, animal manure, Marinas
siltation and household chemicals contribute
to contamination of the Canal. Stream siltaion
Untreated sewage and other wastes from
boats and marinas is another problem.
Another source of pollution is soil Trash on shore
erosion, siltation and flooding from poor
forest practices and road building.
Besides threatening resource production,
such conditions threaten wildlife habitat and
degrade the qualities of the environment that
make it attractive to tourism.

IV. SOLUTIONS:
Aerials of south shore
NARRATOR: area showing development

The Hood Canal is thus caught in the
modern dilemma common to many areas of great
beauty and productivity: economic development
to provide homes and jobs leads to a
degradation of the beauty which attracts
people in the first place.

Ultimately, the problems are not
entirely solvable. But aggressive actions
are being taken to protect and enhance water Monitoring
quality in the Canal, and to preserve its
unique beauty and diversity. Fishing
The complexity of the problems requires
cooperative planning and resource management,
and so the Hood Canal Coordinating Council
was formed in 1985.
The aims of the Council are long-range HCCC MEETING
planning, intergovernmental coordination, and
citizen involvement and education. The
membership and history of the Hood Canal
Coordinating Council reflect the region's
diversity and some of its conflicts. Members Closeup of individual
consist of representatives from county representatives to the
governments, tribes, and the Puget Sound Council
Water Quality Authority. It is the union of
tribal, local and state government interests,
and the determination to replace antagonism
with communication and cooperation, that has
made the Council unique.
INTERVIEWS: What are some of the On-camera interview with
accomplishments of the Council? (Possible Council member(s)
answers: Communication and networking;
Adoption of Hood Canal Planning Policy;
Public Education and awareness.)
Why has it been successful? (Possible
answers: first time some members have worked
together, from coordination of local
government septic tank practices to
discussion of tribal concerns.)
ALSO: initiation of studies to gather
more information to locate pollution sources Slides of early meetings,
and speed clean-up. if available
NARRATOR: The first phase of the Council's
activities focused on self-education and Cover of HC Regional Plan
evaluation of the Canal's problems. The
second phase included setting priorities and
making recommendations, culminating in the
Hood Canal Regional Planning Policy.
Some recommendations in the Planning Pumping and maintenance
Policy included the following: of septic tanks

-site sewage facilities in the
1. On
Hood Canal Watershed should be inspected, and Houses and bulkheads on
pumped if necessary, every three to five shore
years.
minimum standards should be developed by
local governments for design, siting,

cohstruction, and maintenance of on-site
sewage systems and alternative technologies.
Existing systems should be upgraded when
possible if they do not meet such standards.

2. Best-management practices for
agriculture should be keyed to water quality
protection as well as production. Measures
may include fencing of animals away . from Best management practices
streams and waterways, careful application of for agriculture, like
fertilizers and pesticides, and minimal animals fenced away from
interference of runoff with natural streams
- waterways.

3. For forestry activities, Best
Management Practices should be developed
which emphasize protection of habitat,
- wildlife, and instream and downstream Forest practices
- resources. The recently concluded
TIMBER/FISH/WILDLIFE agreement reinforces the illustrative of best
Forest Practices Act as the source for Best management practices.
Management Practices.

4. New and expanded marinas should be
required to have pump-out facilities and
disposal facilities for portable toilets. Marina scenes
Incentives should be developed for
installation and improvement of marine
sanitation devices. Siting of new marinas
and expansion of existing ones should
CONSIDER impact on local shellfish resources
and other sensitive areas. THE HOOD CANAL
COORDINATING COUNCIL IS SPONSORING A BOATER
EDUCATION PROGRAM TO HELP BOATERS UNDERSTAND Shoreline development
HOW THEY CAN HELP PREVENT POLLUTION ON THE with water obvious in
CANAL. shot
5. County Shoreline Master Plans should
develop and incorporate minimum standards for
protection of regional water quality and
water-based resources and activities. shellfish gathering

6. in developing long range planning
for Hood Canal, local agencies should pay
particular attention to shellfish protection. wetlands, wildlife
7. The local planning process should
also include emphasis on identification and
preservation of wetlands and other
biologically significant areas. PRIVATE LAND Oil recycling station
TRUSTS LIKE THE HOOD CANAL LAND TRUST WETLAND
HAVE A GREAT POTENTIAL FOR PROTECTING
WILDLIFE HABITAT.

APPENDIX A: SHOT/LOCATION LIST

AQUACULTURE- Oysters, clams, shrimp, etc.
Agriculture- animals near streams
Fishing, shellfish harvest
Recreation- boating, marinas, hiking
Forestry- logging activities and impacts
Monitoring- sampling, testing
Rapid population development (near shoreline or waterway)
Tribal activities, including fishing
Sawmill at Port Gamble
Shellfish Research Lab at Point Whitney, Dabob Bay
Mt. Walker Scenic Overlook
Aerial photography
Seals, wildlife
Wetlands, estuaries, rivers
Land Trust at Lynch Cove
Fish hatcheries
Sign of shellfish closure
Septic tank work, inspection and pumping
Soil erosion
HCCC meeting
Naval Base at Bangor
Hood Canal Bridge
Olympic Mountains

APPENDIX B: Potential Interviews (Partial List)

County reps to HCCC
Tribal Reps to HCCC
Margery Redmond
Steve Ralph
Harold Wiktsen, oyster grower
Indians: future generations/myth-allegory
Timber Industry rep e.g. Mike Yeager- re; TFW
Shoreline resident

APPENDIX C: REQUIRED RESOURCES

Contact with interest group reps like timber, fishing,
developers, etc..-- will be more specific later

8. Alternatives should be investigated
for disposal AND SOURCE CONTROL of household
hazardous wastes such as motor oil,
pesticides, insecticides, etc.
9. The achievement of these and other Shot showing crowd of
goals will depend very heavily on the residents; e.g., opening
education, involvement, and cooperation of day of shrimp season
the residents of Hood Canal. The Hood Canal
Coordinating Council, County governments,
TRIBES, and local Conservation Districts will People on streets, in
all work to educate citizens to voluntary parks, etc.
compliance with good practices.

INTERVIEW: "We need to take measures now to
preserve and protect our environment. The
Council's activities and the unprecedented
effort at cooperation and coordination of
local planning and management efforts give us On-camera interview
the opportunity to take control of our own
destiny. If we fail, we're going to see
outside entities like the state and Federal
Government come in and do it for us."

V. SUMMARY:

NARRATOR:

Establishment of the Hood Canal
Coordinating Council has been an innovative Cover in interview or
attempt to address problems locally, in a location shots
spirit of cooperation, among groups and
interests that have traditionally been in
conflict.
Substantial progress has been made. But
the very nature of the problems mean that
they will be present virtually forever. The
importance of local cooperation and
communication is paramount. Sacrifices must
be made, and at times individuals will be
called on to work for the interests of the
common good.
This is the accommodation which nature
demands; it is also a measure of the worth of
the treasure that is the Hood Canal.

APPENDIX E

ABSTRACT FOR VIDEO TAPE UNDER SEPARATE COVER

It
.W

Abstract

Title: Hood Canal Video Project

Author: North Pacific Film and Tape

Subject: The Development of the Hood Canal Coordinating Council and the
Resources they seek to preserve.

Date: July 15,1988

Departments: Washington State Department of Ecology, Kitsap County, Mason
County, Jefferson County, Clallum Indian Tribe, Skokomish Indian
Tribe and the Point No Point Treaty Council.

Source of Copies:

Copies may be obtained from the Kitsap County Department of
Community Development, 614 Division Street, Port Orchard,
Washington 98366.

WDOE Project Number: G 0088041

Series Number: V1

Number of Pages: N/A

Abstract: An educational and yet very scenic video tape containing many
photographic examples of the resources of Hood Canal that the
jurisdictions that exist along the shore have chosen to preserve
and the identified difficulties encountered along the way to a
coordinated policy for growth and development.

APPENDIX F

FINAL SHELLFISH AND RECREATION STUDY

,.4

SHELLFISH AND RECREATION INDUSTRIES OF HOOD CANAL

PREPARED FOR THE HOOD CANAL COORDINATING COUNCIL
BY
STEVEN BOESSOW
AL

ABSTRACT

Title: SHELLFISH AND RECREATIONAL RESOURCES OF HOOD CANAL

Author: Steven Boessow

Subject: This report identifies the available information on shellfish
and recreation activities within Hood Canal.

Date: July 15,1988

Departments: Department of Ecology, Kitsap County, Jefferson County, Mason
County, Clallum County, Skokomish Indian Tribe, and the Point No
Point Treaty Council.

Source of Copies:

Copies may be obtained from the Kitsap County Department of
Community Development, 614 Division, Port Orchard, Washington
98366.

z WDOE Project Number: G 0088041

Series Number: RI

Number of Pages: 86

Abstract: The study of shellfish and recreational resources of Hood Canal
is divided into two parts. PART I is titled the "ECONOMIC
REVIEW OF THE SHELLFISH AQUACULTURE INDUSTRY". This report
defines the current (1988) shell fish aquaculture industry and
it's needs through use of a survey of the local aquaculturist,
and previous studies and research. It is intended that this
study be used in conjunction with other documents to assist
local governments to help plan for shoreline and upland
development. PART II is titled "THE RECREATION INDUSTRY : AN
OVERVIEW". This report defines the water based recreational
activities and identifies economic benefits and impacts
related to these activities. Where possible, suggestions have
been made as to what is needed to maintain the resources of the
Canal and what specific information is needed to facilitate
future study.

0 1

z
PART I: ECONOMIC REVIEW OF THE SHELLFISH AQUACULTURE INDUSTRY

-1

-4

INMDUCTION

Shellfish aquaculture has been a major industry in some

areas of Washington, including Hood Canal. In order to protect

the industry from encroachment by developers, pollution, and

restrictive aquaculture guidelines county and state agencies must

have accurate, current information on the needs of the industry.

There are few industries which rely so heavily on access to

clean, unpolluted waters, and relatively rural settings. As the

region grows and the economic climates change it becomes more and

more difiicult to ensure that weter quality standards can be met.

It will take the eftorts oi all concerned to draft a plan for the

future that rreets the regions desire for growth while protecting

the local shelltish industry.

This report will define the current shellfish aquaculture

industry and it's needs through use of results of a survey of the

local a-4uaculturists, and through previous studies and research.

It is intended that this study be used in conjunction with other

documents to allow local governirpants access to information to

help plan for shoreline and upland developement.

HARVEST SITES

In 1@87 there were 91 shellfish farms registered with the

Washington State Department of Fisheries. This includes

registration by tideland owners who do not or only sporadically

market there shellfish.

Most of the shellfish are grown in Dabob and Quilcene Bays,

many others are located in the Brinnon area and across the canal

around Seabeck. other growing areas include Belfair, Lilliwaup,

Hama hasw-a, and Fishermens Harbor. The FarffLs have concentrated

in these areas mainly because the tide flats are suitable to

production level aquaculture, and because, in the case of Dabob

bay, -water circulation prevents oyster spat from drifting far,

increasing chances for large sets.

According to the survey of growers done for this study, up

to 21.5% ot the registered shellfisn growers do not market their

sheiltisn. Some are willing but lack the information to get

started, otners feel that registering their beaches gives them

mra proLection or rights against poacning or trespassing, still

others have had bad experiences in getting started or leasing out

their tidelands. These registered tidelands represent a

potential resource or presuri-kably productive beaches. As suitable

bottom. culture grounds make up a minority ot Hooa Canal's

coastline tnis is a resource to look into.

If the selected growers are representational of all of the

growers then there is perhaps some 3413 acres or more of

tidelands- currently wider cultivation for one or more species in

Hood Canal. The majorit-y of this land is privately owned. It is

unknown how much land is available or suitable for aquaculture.

A lot of Suitable tideland is held by the Department of Natural
Resources (DNR), Washington State Department of Parks, and other
local, state, and federal agencies, and is reserved for
recreational harvest. Still more is either privately owned in
small parcels, or part of community beaches and reserved for

private use.

Three areas on the canal have been restricted or have had

commercial shellfish harvests closed altogether. Though this

represents a small area compared to that of the canal it is

significant because these areas are in or near some very rich,

yet very sensitive shellfish beds.

Closures or restrictions are the result of high levels of

fecal choliform, an easily detected organism that is used by DSHS

to indicate the presence of other, more harmful pathogens in the

water. DSHS monitors all commercial shellf ish growing areas and

several recreational sites. When a problem is discovered then

closer, more frequent monitoring occurs.

The tip ot Lynch Cove in southern Hood Canal is closed to

all commercial shellfish harvesting. This has affected at least

2 growers and caused concern that the problem may spread.

Adoitional monitoring of the water is being done to pin-point the

sources and correct the problems. Several on site sewage system

(septic tanks) were known to be malfunctioning and other possible

sources were guessed at, including runoff from pastured

livestocK, boating activity, and feces from marine birds and

mammals.

The headwaters of Quilcene Bay are also closed. The same

types of sources (non-point source) are responsible here as in

Lynch Cove. There are about six growers within close proximity

of the closed area, and n-any more in the area just outside of

Quilcene Bay.

Unlike the closed areas, Dosewallips is restricted. This

means shellfish may be harvested but must be transfered to an

approved site for cleansing several weeks before being sold.

Cleansing takes place as the shellfish eat in clean waters. Two

comTiercial sites exist in the area, and the Point No Point treaty

tribes harvest clams and oysters from the tidelands at

Dosewallips State Park.

-W

LIFE RIMQRY & DISCRIPTION OF CU44ERCIIAL SPBCIM

OYS.UER6-

Olympia oyster- Ostrea lurida

The Olympia oyster is in a class called the flat oysters.
It is a small grayish oyster, about 5 cm long. Flat oysters have
an unusual (among shellfish) life history, in that males release
the sperm into the water column but fertilization occurs in the

females shell and she later releases free swimming larvae. The

larvae remain free swimming for several weeks and then settle

onto a solid surface, usually a rock or another oyster shell.

The Olympia oyster is susceptible to dessication and is

f0und in tide pools, under rocks, and, when cultured, in diked

pon(i
s. Before the turn of the century Olympia oysters formed

reefs along trie rmuthes of streams. These layers of oysters

hel,?eo to control their teffperature and reduce water loss. These

reefs were quickly destroyed by early settlers, who had to then

build dikes and ponds- to raise suitable numbers of oysters.

Pacific oyster- Crassostrea gigas

The First Pacific oysters arrived in Washington State from

Japan in the 1920's, after the decline of the Olympia oyster.

The Pacific is a large, haray, cupped oyster, meaning it is about

as different from an Olympia as oysters can get. In the Spring,

as the water iAanns, the Pacific oysters "ripen". Then when the

temperature rises suddenly, spawning is triggered, and this

spawning triggers others to spawn. Unlike in the Olympia,

4 fertilization take.:; place in the water where the larvae quickly

hatch and start their planktonic lifestyle. They reimin free

swimming for about 3 weeks and then settle onto rocks or shell.

Pacifics can survive nearly up to the mean high tide level,

and can withstand temperature extremes and fluctuations, as well

as brackish water. It's shell is all white and heavily fluted,

often twisted and mishapen frcm growing in clumps with other

oysters. It grows to over 25 crn, but it is harvested at many

sizes depending on the intended use.

CIAMS

Tnough each species of clam differs slightly in its spawning
time or teaperature requirements, their basic life cycle remains

the same. wan-n spring temperatures ripen the sexually mature
clams, and then a sudden rise in temperature or the spawn of
other clams triggers the release of sperm and eggs in the water.
Fertilization takes place in the water wiiere the eggs soon hatch

into tree swimmiag larvae. Several weeks and several larval

stages later the larvae loses the ability to swim and must find a

suitable habitat to settle in. Proper substrate is only one

consideration for site selection, as certain clams do not settle

in areas ot high concentrations of adults of the same species.

Manila clain- I-apees japonica

The ivanila, or Japanese littleneck clam is an accidental

import brought in with Pacific oyster seed. it is a hardshell

clain about 7 cm. across, marked with dark patches on a grayish

sheli. It has both radial and concentric ridges, with the radial

ridges being the more prominent. Manila clams are founa right up

to the mean high tide level in gravel or mixed mud, sand, and

gravel. Although it does reproduce naturally in Washington

waters, many growers suppliment nature with hatchery raised seed.

Native littieneck- Protothaca staminea

Tnis sinall nards-iiell clain resembles the Manila in looks and

habitat. It has both radial and concentric ridges on the shell,

which is a grayish white with no dark patches. The native

littleneck is found below the mean high tide level of gravel and

mixed gravel beaches. This clam was the mainstay of the steamer

clam industry until the introduction of the Manila, and still is

harvested and sold by some clam and oyster growers.

Butter clam- Saxidomus qiqanteus

The butter clam is found in mixed sand, mud, and gravel

beaches fran about the +1 foot tide level, subtidally to about 60

feet deep. The shell is chalky white with only concentric lines

marking the surface. It will dig as deep as 30 cm into the

substrate, rmking harvesting butter clams more time consuming

than llstewzrars", but offering them greater protection against

predators and weather conditions.

hor.-.ie clam- gaper clam- Tres capax

This large clam is found as deep as 50 an in mud or sandy

mud. Its' common name, gaper clam, refers to the gap present at

the siphon when the shell is closed. The siphon, coarse and

leathery at the tip, aliTiost, but not quite fits completely into

the shell when retracted. Tne shell can reach about 20 cm

across, and is chalky white with a brown periostracum (the thin

flaky material present on the outer edges of the shell).

Geoduck- Panopea generosa

The shell or this giant ot a clam is no larger than that of

the horse clam, but the siphon, when retracted my still extend

out 25 cm or so. Consequently, the geoducK cdn be found as deep

as 75 cm down in the mud. it is typically a subtidal clam,

reacning depths of greater than 155 feet, though it may be found

on the beach during extremely low tides. The shell is elongated

and slighily squared looking. It is white with a yellowish

periostracum. These clams are harvested in underwater lots,

leased by the Department of Natural resources.

SCAILOPS

Though most scallops are hermaphroditic, the four species

found in Hood Canal all have seperate sexes. They spawn, like

many other bivalves, by releasing sperm and eggs into the water

to be fertilized. They then go through a free swimming stage, in

which the shell is forming, before settling on the bottom. After

they settle they may renuin semi-mobile like the pink scallops or

anchor themselves to a rock or other solid object like the rock

scallop.

Scallop aquaculture is very rare in this state. In fact the

only scallop farm in Washington is in the weter oft Point Hannon

in northern Hood Canal. They raise all four of the species of

scallop common to the area, and are cooperating with State

biologists and the University or Washington to help expand the

undersLanding of scallops and to refine methods of culture in

this relatively new industry.

Pink scallops- Clamys hastata & C rubida

Pink scallops are the smallest scallops in Washington

waters. They have uneven "ears", one being larger than the

other, and are usually encrusted with a light yellow sponge on

their upper shell. Tney rest on the surface of sand or gravel

substrates to about 180 feet. As juveniles they my attach

themselves, by means ot bysuss thread.,--,, to the bottom. as they

grow they release their anchors and becaue able to move, sort of,

by rapidly opening and closing their shells. This "jet"

propulsion is used wfien they sense danger.

Weathervane scallop- Pectin caurinus

Weathervane scallops are characterized by their even, or

same sized "ears", and their large size (to 15 an). They rest on

mud or sand bottoms to 300 feet and are only known in a few areas

of the state, one of which is northern Hood Canal.

Rock scallop- hinnites giganteus

After the free swim-ning stage, the rock scallop cements

itself to a boulder or rock ledge, and stays there for life.

Rock scallops have a thick heavy shell often encrusted with other

organisms, and partially eaten at by burrowing worms. It can

grow to over 15 an and has a very large adductor mussel. The

size of the adductor mussel and the relatively short time it

takes to mature makes this scallop a likely candidate for

swcessial aquaculture.

AQUACULTURE TECHNIQUES

Tne majority of oyster growers in Hood Canal use bottom

culture and rely on hand harvesting. By virtue of operating on

the canal, oyster growers are taking advantage of the large

Pacific oyster sets that the area is known for. Some suppliment

this by seeding their beach with hachery seed, and others set out

cultch and collect their own seed.

SE;ED: There are several ways of gathering oyster seed. The most

comnon, and the most economical for the average grower, is

setting out racks from wfiich oyster shells, or culch, are hung.

The shells my be in net bags, or wired to ropes, and are then

placed one the loweest parts of the tidelands when the oysters are

spawning. 'Ibe oysters set on the shells at a rate of 10 to over

100 per shell, ana may then be set out on the beach, as is, or

seperatea and grown individualy. Some iiood Canal growers

specialize in selling just the seed to growers in and out of the

canal.

One grower uses permanently mounted racks to collect seed

for his oyster farm in Skagit County, where the oysters grow much

faster than in the canal. Several growers operate hatcheries,

where seawater is pumped through tanks and teiTperature is

controlled to bring the oysters into spawning condition. This

method has the advantage of being able to raise specific species

or strains of species, and to raise triploia, or sexless oysters,

that have the advantage ot not spawning, thus being marketable

all year long.

BOTTOM CULTURE: Bottom culture is the term used for any
shellfish grown on or in the beach itself. At its simplest the
beach is simply harvested of whatever oysters happen to grow
there. For higher production, or in marginal tidelands, the
beach may be built up with gravel and shell. In the past, dikes
were built to hold back water for Olympia oysters. Some beaches
are even treated with the pesticide Sevin to kill ghost shrimp,
which loosen the mudflats, and suffocate the oysters.
There are several levels of intensity that bottom culture
may represent. As a general rule, an increase in the level of
intensity or complication should bring with it an increase in the
density or size of the oyster in order to be worthwhile.

STACKING TRAYS & RACK AND TRAY: In protected bays and areas
where the substrate in not suitable for oyster production, rack
and tray or stacking tray culture may be used. In rack and tray
methods, a wooden or rebar rack is placed out on the beach at the
desired tide level. Attached to the rack is either a mesh bag or
tray filled with individual oysters of the sam size. This has
the advantage of being up off of the beach, free from predators
and situation. They are easily harvested and ideally will remain
fairly even in size. Some of the drawbacks are that being up off
the beach and held together in bags, they are susceptible to
heavy wave action and being fouled with seaweeds and flotsam.
They are also more time consuming, as the oysters must be
transfered to different bags as they grow, and the bags must
periodically be cleaned of algae, and other marine life that
impedes water circulation.

Stacking trays are similar in priciple to rack and tray

culture. Thin trays are stocked with individual oysters and then
I
stacked 10 or so high and strapped together. these stacks of

trays are set out at the desired tide level either on the surface

or on a rack or support. Stacking trays offer the same

advantages and drawbacks rack and tray culture.

both methods offer benefits to those with beaches too soft

or too irregular for bottom culture, and they allow an increase

in production for the amount of land used. Like other types of

aquaculture, an increase in the complexity and cost of the

culture method should be balanced by an increase in productivity

of the tidelands.

RhFTS & LOW@LENES: i,-antern or pearl nets suspended from rafts or

longlines otfer the ability to raise oysters offshore in areas

with little or no beacIli. 1-hey also protect the oysters from

predation, while producing a faster growing, very marketable

oyster. ho;Aever tne aciditional equipment need-ed is expensive,

and friuch ot the labor is done fran boats or floating platforms.

ari-ey are more susceptible to bad we-ather and fouling by seaweeds,

mussels, and other organisms. Special permits and leases are

required, and there is often opposition to placing floating

structures over fishing grounds or in navigation lanes. Floating

oyster culture probably isn't practical for hood Canal for a

variety of reasons; Much of the canal is unprotected fran high

winds that can uproot floating structures, and due to the slow

growth of Hood Canal oysters, the payback periou for the

additional equipment is often extended beyond what is reasonable.

srAKE cuuiuRE: stake culture has been used in this State, in

muddy or silty tideflats. The method involves driving a wooden
or plastic stake into the ground so that it extends abOut eight
inches above the bottom. Then a single cultch shell with seed is
secured to the top of the post where the oysters grow to size.

an alternative method uses rows of stakes with a rope
attached across the top of each stake, and cultch shells inserted

into the strands of the rope. precautions must be taken to

properly position and secure the ropes, as the weight of tne rope

and growing oysters are susceptible to wind and waves. Although

both of these methods keep the oyster off of the bottom they are

still able to be taken by predators, either from above by diving

birds, or from below by oyster drills and sea stars that are

still able to climb the stakes.

Tnere are many variations ot all or these methods in use

tilrougnout the world. Many local growers have ri-odified these, or

invented their own inethods to fit the species and the region.

also, as technology advances and shellfish beomies more in

demand, we can expect to see more and better ways to raise more

oysters.

CLAMS

Although several species of clams are harvested in hood

Canal, only the manila is cultured intensively. Also the Manila
is the only clam with readily available hatchery seed.

Experiments with floating and suspended clam culture have been

done, but so far the only mthod practiced in Washington is

bottom culture.

To increase the yeild trom a piece of land growers use two

basic practices, control the predators, and enhance the habitat.

Predators such as ffcon snails and sea stars, and competetors such

as mussels are usually picked oft the beach by hand. Crows,

gulls, scoters, anQ others are detered by placing netting over

newly seedecl beach. Manila and littleneck beds- are also

regularly turned over to aerate and clean out the gravel. If

needed pea gravel may be brought in to produce a suitable habitat

for the clams. one method of increasing the numbers of some

species ot clams is to harvest the larger ones. Geoduck spat in

particular will not settle where there are already large

concentrations ot adult geoducks. The same may also be true of

other species as well.

Because clams live in, rather than on the substrate, they

are less suited to the various methods employed in oyster

aquaculture. The most probable areas for advancement will come

from improving hatchery methods for seed production, and perhaps

in the developeinent ot improved strains of clam that grow faster

or live longer out of the water.

Except for the geoduck, harvesting clams is done by hand.

in the case of shallow clams like the Manila and the littleneck a

rake, or clam, fork may be used. deeper clams like the horse and

butter must be dug out. Geoduck harvesting employs more

axnplicated methods. Divers, working from a boat, use water jets

to dig out the geoducks, and then pick them out by hand. Rather

than harvesting owned tracts of land, geoduck harvestors must

obtain leases on subtidal lots controled by the Department of

Natural Resources.

SCAL60PS

Scallops are currently being raised in lantern nets and
pearl net9 attached to lines and bouys (longlines). Though the

project is small, the owners have net with some success and have

plans for improving and enlarging their operation. There is

definitely the potential for greater yeilds, as methods of

ML raising spat in tanks, and collecting them in the wild are

improved.

ARVESTS- 1981

SPECiEs AREA TYPE LBS EACH WASHINGrON
Butter Clam upper 1 3091 13482
Geoduck upper 1 147353 116268 3924074
lower 1 591 435
Native upper 1 18005 107974
littleneck upper 2 860
central 1 1055
central 2 2321
lower 1 0
lower 2 526

manila upper 1 155274
upper 2 402
central 1 0
central 2 1291
1 owe r 1 637
lower 2 0

Pacitic upper 1 71257 8143 1562862
oyster central 1 112234 12826
lower i 2566 293

1- Coirmercial harvests from registered shellfish farms.
2- Coraiierciai tribal harvests.

weights tor clams include the shell. Weights for oysters are
meat only.

HARVESTS- 1982

SPECIhS AREA TYPE Le* EA

Butter Clain all 0 9174

Geoducks- all 0 331766

Native upper 1 2591 40589
littlenecks upper 2 198
central 1 0
middle 2 140

Manila upper 1 36015 1372880
upper 2 .0
central 1 0
central 2 553

Pacific upper 1 186506 21314 1830484
oyster central 1 110710 12652
loiAer 1 7277 831

J_ rcial harvests from registered shellfish growers
corm e
2- coinnercial tribal narvests

weignts for clactis include the shell. Weights for oysters
are ineats only

HARVESTS- 1983

SPECIES AREA TYPE LBS ENCH WASHING"TON
Butter Clams upper 1 130U 24712
central 1 261
Geoduck all 0 3176653
Native upper 1 0 88607
littleneck upper 2 412
central 1 150
central 2 32
lower 1 0
lower 2 144

manila upper 1 38210 1637244
upper 2 0

Pacific upper 1 229706 26294 2272419
oysters central 1 180412 20617
lower 1 9338 1067

1- Commercial harvests frcin registered shellfish growers.
2- ccainercial tribal harvests.

vveights for clams incl@Ae tne shell. Weights for oysters
are ffeats only.

HARVESr- 1984

SPECIES AREA TYPE LBS FACH WASHIN=N

Butter clam all 0 3681

Geoducks all 0 3316391

Native upper 1 494 20595
littleneck upper 2 0

Manila upper 1 44518 2305244
upper 2 0
central 1 162
central 2 129
lower 1 0
lower 2 90

Pacific upper 1 570060 65147 2282855
central 1 149055 17034
lower 1 39311 4492

1- Commercial narvests from registered shellfish growers.
2- Commercial tribal harve3ts.

4eights for cla,,ms include snell. Weights for oysters are
meats only.

HARVESM- 1985

SPECIES AREA TYPE LBS FACH WP1SHI1%,1MN

Butter clam central 1 7373 8740

Geoduck central 1 50558 21867 3358385
Native upper 1 2477 161712
littleneck upper 2 1672
central 1 0
central 2 196
lower 1 0
lower 2 1875

manila upper 1 36725 2831300
upper 2 73168
central 1 55791
central 2 537
lower 1 0
lower 2 430

Pacific upper 1 36725 53127 2327248
oyster upper 2 3763 429
central 1 165667 18932
central 2 0
lower 1 139016 15887

1- Coni-nercial harvests from registered shellfish growers.
2- Camercial tribal aarvests.

HARVESTS- 1986

SPECIF.15 AREA TYPE POUNDS EAai WASHINGION

butter cl&n upper 1 1180 3129
upper 2 71
central 1 1787
central 2 91

Horse cl&n upper 1 446 446

Geoduck central 1 119496 57346 1866605

Native upper 1 357 68652
littleneck upper 2 15838
central 1 0
central 2 8567
lower 1 0
lower 2 868

manila upper 1 95136 1413509
upper 2 168195
central 1 76757
centrai 2 62364
lower 1 0
lower 2 20880

Pacific upper 1 230648 26358 1289977
oyster Lipper 2 28265 3229
central 1 136412 15589
ce-nLral 2 5435 621
lower 1 29239 3341
lower 2 23890 2729

1- Ccmnercial narvests from registered shellfish growers.
2- Coru-nercial tribal narvests.

',Neights for cl&ns include shell. Weights for oysters are
for ffeats only.

FwuRE ourLooK R-)R SHELLFISH INDUSTRY

ItCRI-ASIW3 HARVESTS

As the demand for quality fresh seafood increases, so too

will harvests. At least that is the plan of some of Hood Canals

shellfish growers. For many of the small growers, increasing

their tidelands yield means spending more time working the

shellfish, or paying somebody else to do it. often they choose

to under-produce just to keep tne business manageable.

most of the oyster growers interviewed for this study felt

that they could sell more than they currently grow, but what they

are currently selling was planted three to five years ago. This

means b-ot -they must predict up to five years in advance what the

market conditions are -going to be. Also, growers who depend on

natural sets to restock their beach may have a lot of shellfish

from one year-class and very few frcm others. The latter can be

overcome by seeding the beach with hatchery seed or culch, to

offer a stable and consistent product to buyers. The former,

predicting economic trends in advance, is more difficult but most

reports show that Americans are eating more seafoods-, and

demanaing fresher and higher quality seafoods. This translates

into increased sales for those who are able to increase

production.

Because iiood Canal is so exposed to the weather, and because

shellfish grow slower in the canal than in other areas, floating

aquaculture is not a3 economical at this time. This means that

production increases must come froin better management of bottcxn

culture techniques, and frciii increasing the acreage devoted to

aquaculture. The most roan for improvement is f ran the small

part-time'operations. Typically they lack the funds, time, and

expertise needed to keep their beds producing to their potential.

A likely method for increasing the productivity of the canal

is to expand the typical oyster and clam industry, and include

other types of shellfish. Scallops are already being tried on a

small scale, and have met with some success. Blue mussels,

abundant in t-be northwest, are being raised in many areas

throughout the world, including Puget Sound. It seems reasonable

to assume they may have potential in Hood Canal. Oyster growers

have available faster growing strains, able to withstand harsher

conditions, and oftering better taste. Some of these strains,

such as the KuTainoto oyster, will not spawn in the colder waters

oi 4ashington, making them marketable year round. Another way to

sell whole oysters year round is to raise triploid or "sexless"

oysters. At present these are available only to growers with

spawning tanxs, and none of these growers have made the seed

available comercially. Per!-iaps a new industry could be developed

supplying triploid seed to interested growers.

if an increase in the productivity of the canal is desired

or expected then the aquaculturists must feel secure that they

can expand and invest time and money with a reasonable chance

that they will not be forced out by increased fees, stricter

regulations, or deteriorating water quality. Many of the smaller

growers or licensed growers who are non-comnercial do not

maximize the use ot their tidelands simply because they either

do not undrestand the entire permit process, or they want better

assurances f rom the state that they will be able to raise

shellfish, and sell them, without the threat of land disputes,

pollution, excess regulation, and shoreline development.

THREATS TO THE RESOURCE

POLLMION,

Pollution is the nLraber one threat to cormiexcial shellfish

growers in hood Canal, and elsewhere in the state. The effects

of pollution go beyond the actual closing of beaches. As more

attention is focused on polluted shellfish beds, and the

subsiquent health risks, the public will become more wary of

unprocessed or fresh seafood. Also, the harder growers must work

to find clean water, either for grow-out or cleansing, the higher

prices will have to go.

in the past industrial wastes, mostly pulp mills, were the

prime concern of shellfish growers. The pollutants killed the

larvae, decimating some of the nust productive areas. Today the

pollutants are from human and livestock wastes. Far from killing

the shellfish, these wastes are a nutrient source on which the

shellfish thrive and grow. However these shellfish nay then

harbor pathogens dangerous if ingested. The Department of Social

arid health services (DSHS) is the agency responsible for

monitoring the @Aater and approving beaches for commercial

harvests. They report that the most likely causes of the

closures and restriction in hood Canal are from failing and

improperly installed septic systems, high concentrations of

boating activity, improper care of livestock and other farm

animals, and marine fowl and marnals. Proper planning at the

local level, and changing the publics attitudes toward the

responsibilities of land ownership are critical to the long term

success of any clean-up measures, and to preventing further

degradation.

PRED-MRS

Predators are a concern in any aquaculture site, though they
are one of the mre controlable problem faced. The oyster drill

is of state-wide concern. it was accidentaly imported, like the
Manila clam, with Pacific oyster seed from Japan. Seed and
oysters heading out of the canal -to be planted must have
transport permits certifying that they are free from oyster
drills. other predators, such as sea stars and moon snails my

be picked oft of beds at low tide and disposed of. If population

densities are too high, or too much land is involved netting and

fencing can be used with measured success.

Birds can be a problem, eating small oysters afid clams.

Barrow's golaeneye, gulls, scoters, and crows have all been

implicated in damaging shellfish beds. Netting can be placed

down over freshly seedea clai-,k beas. The best protection for

serious bira problem;ii is floating aquaculture using lantern or

pearl wts or one of the methods involving mesh bags or trays.

Crabs prey on small clams and oysters, and to sofre extent on

larger clams wiien they can dig them out. Crabs, can be harder to

control as rmst equaculturists will rarely see them up on the

beach. Irapping them, or perhaps mesh fencing should keep the

problem manageable.

REGULnIORY PRLx:E_ss

Smie of the people in the sarvey canplained that state and

local governinents were over-regulating the shellfish industry.

They voiced concerns that they were being needlessly subjected to

long, often expensive permit and leasing requirements.

An ex&nple of what some conplained was unfair and expensive

was a policy requiring those leasing tidelands to pay to have the

the lana surveyed and staked. Most felt this was the

responsibility of the state, and that that was what sone of the

lease payments should be going toward.

The rising costs of permits is a concern to some growers.

One report is that a Department of Ecology permit for discharge

of seawater from hatching tanks- has risen 1400% to $1500 in one

year. The irony of this situation, says the grower, is that his

operation is considered the same, in terms of permits and

requirements, as a pulp mill.

Some policies and fees are in need of revision. But for the

most part, the licensing, certification, and permit process does

serve the best interests of the grower, the public, and the

enviroruTent.

Survey:

Total Registered Shellfish Fanners- 91
Total Nunber Surveyed 51
Percentage Surveyed 56%

Breakdown of surveyed license holders

Out of Business 6 11.8%
Non-Cminercial 11 21.5%
Ccmmercial 34 66.7%

NuTLber of growers for each species listed

Pacific oyster 32 94.1%
Kuyamoto oyster 1 2.9%
Olympia oyster 2 5.9%

manila Clam 8 23.5%
Native Littleneck Clam 2 5.9%
Butter Clam 1 2.9%
Eastern Softshell Clam 1 2.9%

Mussels 1 2.9%
Scallops 1 2.9%

Average ot 1.4 species per grower

of species grown of growers Percent of growers

1 25 73.4%
2 4 11.7%
3 4 11.7%
4 0
5 2.6%

DARKErs

Countyl Washington U. S. Foriegn

of Growers
Supplying Market2 17 19 5 1

I- much of the product sold within the county is sold to larger
growers acting as wholesalers, the ultimate destination being
outside of the county.

2- Scme growers supply several markets

Breakdown of primary (first round) sales markets. These
percentages include growers supplying both wholesale and retail
markets.

Wholesale 73.9%
Retail 26.1%

Production

Has production ijcr,@!ased or decreased over the past five years?

of Growers Percentage

increased 15 57.7%
Decrease6 5 19.2%
Same 6 23.1%

Total mmiber ot respondents- 26

Problems

Please indicate the major obstacles you have faced in trying to
develope your aquaculture business?

of Growers percentage

Permits
State Regs 14 28.6%
DSHS

Pollution 9 18.4%

Poaching/Vandalism 7 14.3%

Inaians 6 12.2%
'I'reaty Rights

Climate 5 10.2%

No Obstacles 4 8.1%
Other 4 8.1%

Tideland Area

acres owned 806.9 of owners 22
acres Leased 215.1 of Leasors 5

Total acreage 1022.1 of Growers 25
Acreage Under 606.2/59.3%
Cultivation

Upland Acreage
Used tor Processing, 34+/-
Sales, etc...
average 5.7 acres per grower
of growers
Utilizing 6
Upland Acreage

hhployees

of Enployees; (FTE) of Growers Percentage

< 1 15 44.1%
1-5 14 41.2%
6-lU 4 11.8%
> 10 1 2.9%

of arployees (actual) of Ehployers

1Pr 2
2Pf 2
3Pi, 2

1Fr 3
2Fi- 2
3FI' 2
5F1
6FI'
10 Fr

36
7S 2

7FI-6 S
4F11-8 PI-13 S
2F.L,'- 3 PI,

Rit:=Full Time Pit---Part Time S=Seasonal

BIBLOGRAPHY

Chaiton, S.A. and S.K. Allen. "Early Detection of Troploidy in
Larvae of Pacific Oysters, Crassostrea gigas, by flow
Cytomoetry." Aquaculture, 48: 35-43, January 1985.

Chaves, Linda. Experimental Mussels at Seabeck Bay. Washington
Sea Grant, 1975.

Cheney, Daniel P. and Thomas F. Mumford. Shellfish and Seaweed
Harvests of Puget Sound. Seattle: Washington Sea Grant.
1986.

Chew, Kenneth K. Prospects for Successful Manila Clam Seeding.
Washington Sea Grant. 1975

Clam and Mussel Harvesting Industries in Washington State.
Prepared by the Oceanographic Institute of Washington.
1981.

Economic Development council of Mason County. Private Marine
Aquaculture survey. Mason County, June 1987.

Economic Development council of Mason County. Mason County's
Aquaculture Industry. Mason County, September 1987.

Glude, John B. " The Effect of Scoter Duck Predation on a Clam
Population in Dabob Bay, Washington." Proceedings National
Shellfish Association, 55: 73-86, 1864.

Inveen, Daniel C. The Aquaculture Industry in Washington State:
An Economic Overview. Prepared for the washington State
Department of Trade and Economic Developement, Olympia.
Washington, May 1987.

Magoon, Charles, and Richard Vining. Introduction to Shellfish
Aquaculture in the Puget Sound Region. Washington State
Department of Natural Resources, Olympia. 1984.

Recent Innovations in Cultivation of Pacific Molluscs. D.E.
Morse, K.K. Chew, and R. Mann ed. New York: Elsevier
Science Publishers B.V 1987.

Saunders, Robert S. Shellfish Protection Strategy. Washington
State Department of Ecology. Olympia, 1984.

Van Pelt, Gretchen, The Mechanics of Clam Production. 1987

Washington Sea Grant, Small Scale Shellfish Farming Workshop.
Olympia Center, Olympia. Februrary 6, 1988.

Washington State Department of Agriculture, Governor's
Aquaculture Conference. Tyee Hotel, Tumwater, Washington.
January 30, 1988.

t @4 ti

4 0 '7

QW, 1

W. f r

,W"W
X
N Aj Ot r wfA

'Xi
y
I n d 1cate be I ow A h emonths y om 4"3
you h ir eandIf they a r ef u I11,@'Al-toi"(FT) t.10t P T

9 JAN FEB MAR @APR

MAY JUN JUL AUG

SEP OCT NOV DEC

10. Indicate the composition of your labor force. Use number
and FT or PT.

laborer
technician (2 year vocational training)
technologist Bachelor of Science Degree)
Scientist (Masters or PhD)

11. How would you rate the availability of labor for
aquaculture? Good Fair Poor

12. Has your production increased or decreased over the past
five years? How much?

13- Please specify the reasons for growth or decline in
production Cie. disease, unstable markets, regulations),

14. Do you see your production Increasi.ng or decreasing over the
next five years?

MR,7

,WnA I

At
, - W@j
At

A
16. 0, v 04
4 * '34A
r t W.
,"I ,
I wml@

oii
J
17. P I eas e I n d I a "t acf,,b@$ 4,1,64,V-4 A. r y I
A.a c 6 d 1 n
to develo.Re. y,o v a q:u a c u,,l t e b U S n e s s
r

18. Please Indicate the major issues you feel aquaculturists on
Hood Canal and in Washington will face in the future. Briefly
explain why.

19. Are you familiar with the County's Shoreline Master Plan?
Do you feel it promotes and protects aquaculture? give examples

20. Please comment on state environmental legislation, where you
feel it is strong, where you feel it is weak, and what changes
you would like to see

21. Please comment on land use regualtions, where they are strong
and weak, and where you would make changes.

PART II: THE RECREATION INDUSTRY: AN OVERVIEW

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

1. Introduction

2. Recreation on hOod Canal

5. Parks, Tidelands, and Public Access Sites

10. Moorage

13. Sport Fishing in the Hood Canal Region

16. Mason, Kitsap, and Jeffeson County Tourist Figures

20 Employment

25. Economic impacts of Tourism on County Services

27. Environmental impacts

32. Conclusion and Recomendations

34. Bibliography

INMDUCTION

hood Canal has long been a destination for travelers

seeking an afternoon picnic, a weekend getaway, or a long

vacation. Attracted by the pristine waters and undeveloped

shorelines tourists now make up a large industry on the

canal. It is important to know who chooses to visit the

canal, why, and what effects they have upon the economy and

the environment.

This report will define the water based recreational

activities on Hood Canal and explain the economic benefits

and iffpacts related to these activities. Where possible,

sixggestion have been rrade such a6 to how best to maintain the

envirotinental integrity of the canal, and what specific

information should the counties keep in order to facilitate

future reports.

RECREATION ON HMD CANAL

Hood.Canal offers many miles of shoreline, hiking
trails, a variety of lodging services, and scxa-- of the best
shellfishing in the State. People using Hood Canal are drawn
by its features, facilities, and the close proximity to
Seattle, Tacoma, and Everett which make it convenient for day

or weekend trips.

iiood Canal has numerous public beaches with oysters and

clams available for picking or digging. In addition there

are crab and the hood Canal Spot Shrimp. The Spot Shrinp

have become an industry for the canal, attracting thousands

of people from all over t' northwest and beyond. The season
he

is short, usually about 5 vieeks-, but the numbers of people

ano the services and equipment they require can mean economic

survival to sirail marinas and resorts.

Divers frequent hood Canal for the deep, clean water and

the abundant fishes and invertebrates. Although divers a-re

restricted fra-n taking oysters, they my collect scallops,

crab, ana. bottomfish. Mary divers choose to not take fish or

shellfish, but dive only tor the sites. one of the

characteristics that make diving in the canal so interesting

is the shear underwater cliffs formed by the same glaciation

that carved out the canal. Divers can often find these walls

within swimming distance from shore.

Boating has always been a popular activity on Hood

Canal. Any given sumn-er day one can see a variety of boats

from sail ana rowboats to small outboards and large cabin

cruisers. Boaters can enjoy free moorage at several public

parks as well as privately operated nmrage facilities

complete with fuel, stores, and other amenities. Also

available only to boaters are the numerous parks that are
boat access only. These are often just tidelands without
upland facilities, but they offer a more private or less

populated area to gather shellfish and beachcomb.

Fishing on Hood Canal is a popular sport encompassing
many age and skill levels. By far the most exciting and

alluring of the game fish is the Chinook or King Salmon.

It's large size and excellent eating attract many anglers

during their ii-LigraLion back to their home streams. Coho and

steelhead are also fish that attract a lot of attention.

Fish that are only recently caning into their own, in terms

of anglers attention and recognition by Department of

Fisheries, are bottomfish. Bottomfish consist of all cod,

lingcod, greenling, flounder, sole, sculpins, rockfish,

seapearch, and related species. 1988 is the first year that

a license is needed for the taking of bottomfish. In the

past size and limit restrictions were also much inore liberal

or non-existant. Lately their has been the realization that

the bottoinfish is a mjor sport fishery in need of protection

anu regulation.

The ricx-)d Canal watershed, consisting of much of tne

upland area on the west sia-e of the canal, contains miles of

hiking trails for day and overnight hikes. Olympic National

Park and several other recreational areas hold numerous

rivers and streams for raf ting, kayaking, or f ishing. Many

lakes ana Cushman Reservoir also offer boating and fishing.

Tne variety of water based activities available on and

around Hood Canal are broad enough to attract a wide range of

people with different needs and interests. It's close

proximity to major metropolotin areas and the long stretches

of undeveloped shoreline add to the popularity of Hood Canal.

As more developement takes place in other parts of Puget

Sound, and more pressure is felt by growing populations it

seems sure that Hood Canal will benefit frcm the increased

market for year round customers.

PARKS, TIDEANDS, AND PUBLIC ACCESS SITES

Hood'Canal has at least 45 public parks, ramps, or

access sites directly on Hood canal. These range from full
service caqp9rounds to limited access tidelands. Similarly

the canal's upland areas also have recreational options that
include backpacking, trailer camping, fishing and boating.

About 35% of the public parks and tidelands aLre boat

acces only. Most of these are tidelands managed by the

Department of Natural Resources (DNR), some have upland areas

and picnic or camping facilities and are maintained as State

Parks. Limited access tidelands are not well known or well

marked so that they don't always recieve the same volume '

other areas might, this makes them all the more inviting to

those who use them.

The majority of cauipgrounds and tidelands on the canal

are accessible by car, bike, or boat and are well used during

the summer months. During the shrimp season, and on some

weekends, all cairpsites are full and cair@pers make use of some

ol the roadside pull-outs as campgrounds. likewise, moorage

stays full during peak season and weekends also.

Public moorage is limited, with about 56 slips or bouys

available throughout the carial. Many boats also anchor just

offsnore of public beaches and park-s. On the other hand,

private marinas offer over 350 wet, overnight slips. When

transient anct dry moorage is taken into account the number

jumps to 663 spaces. Because information was not available

on one of the marinas it is likely that the number is

somewhat greater.

Figure 1. Parks, tidelands and public access sites- Mason County

Acres Picnic Camp- Boat Launch Moorage Acoess* Shoreline
sites (lanes) (ft)

Port of Allyn 1 C 30
Boat Ramp

Belfair State 59.8 47 184 C 3520
Park

Twanoh State 174.7 ill 62 3 11 C 2867
Park

Harvey 8.0 F 1405
Rendsland State Park

hood Canal 4.7 30 2 C 1000
Recreational Park

hood Canal 10.0 C 600
Salmon hatchery

Hoodsport, C 2951
Beach 43

Potlatch State 57 82 37 5 C 9570
Park

Union Public 1.0 2 C 30
Launching Area

Dewatto Bay,
beach 41A B 514
Beach 413 B 713

hood Canal,
Beach 46 B 1643
Beach 47 B 900
Beach 48 B 9072

Jorsted Creek
Beach

Lilliwap C 4122
Public Beach

Liliwaup Tide- C 4122
lands State Park

B- Boat access only
F= walk-in access only
C= Accessible by car

Figure 2. Parks-, tidelands, and public access sites- Kitsap
County

Acres Picnic Camp- Boat Launch Moorage Access* Shoreline
sites (lanes) (ft)
Foulweather B 3364
Bluff, Beach 64
Teekaleet 3 10 C
Bluff

Salisbury Point 5.6 10 3 C 520
County Park

Kitsap memorial 57.6 72 56 C 1797
State Park

Scenic Beach 71.2 78 50 C 1600
State Park

Anderson Cove, B 2145
Beach 40

B- Boat access only
C= Accessible by car

Figure 3. Parks, tidelands, and public access sites- Jefferson
County.

Acres Picnic Camp- Boat Launch Moorage Access* Shoreline
sites (lanes) (ft)

Bolton Peninsula, B 2400
beach 56

Broad Spit 2 B 1000

Bywater State 134.6 C 21944
Park

Case Shoal, B
Beach 59A

Hicks county 0.7 1 1 C 460
Park

Mats Mats Bay 1 C 40
Boat Launch

Quilcene 2 2 30 C 100
Boat riaven

Shine Tidelands 20 3 C 1500

Squamish Harbor, B 1335
Beach 59

White Rack 71 C 1500

Jackson Cove, B 2791
Beach 55

Dosewallips 424.5 35 155 C 5250
State Park

Flapjack Cove C 567
Tidelands, Beach 54

H.J. Carroll 2.8 C 650
State Park

Pleasant Harbor 0.8 10 C 100
State Park

Right Smart 2.8 C 100
Cove State Park

Seal Rock 30 10 35 C 2700
Campground

Triton Cove, B 2610
Beach 50

JEFFERSON COUNTY (Cont.)

Acres Picnic Camp- Boat Launch Moorage Access* Shoreline
sites (lanes) (ft)

Point Whitney 10 1 C 2000
Tidelands

Tabook Point, B 3280
Beach 57

Toandos Peninsula, B 12050
Beach 57B

Toandos Tidelands B 10455
State Park

* B= Boat access only
C= Accessible by Car

MOORAGE

Hood-Canal offers a wide variety of moorage options, from

full service slips to ffooring bouys. The summer boating season

can easily fill all available facilities and create long lines at

the boat launches. Resorts and marinas offering boat launches

are rare, as are fuel and other necessessities. Another lack in

tile area of services is a pump-out station. The nearest one is

at Port Ludlow, and is reporedly little used.

There are currently nine marinas open to the public,

operating in the Canal. Services and size vary but most offer at

least some slips, although a few have only dry storage.

One con-knon cofnolaint, heard by boaters and local merchants

alike, is the need for more boat launches on the canal. There

are, in fact, ten boat ramps with a combined total of 19 lanes.

There are also three boat hoists, all privately operated. By far

the largest majority of ramps are in south iiood Canal, where between

Port of Allyn Public Boat Ramp and iiood Canal Recrational Park

there are four launches and 8 lanes. Outside of south hood Canal

the nearest public launches are Salisbury Point County Park in Kitsap

County, ana Point Whitney Tidelands in Dabob Bay. The boat

launch at -Mats Miats Bay boat launch is actually just outside of

Hood Canal, but it is close enough to be of use to the recreation

sites in northern iiood Canal. It is possible that tfie need for

more launches can, at least- in part-, be filled by expanding

existing sites to include wre lanes.

Figure 4. Marinas and services on Hood Canal.
[ MOORAGE ]

RESORT NAME SLIPS TRANSIENT DRY RAMP* FUEL
Pleasant Harbor 65 0 0 0 0
Marina

Port of Hoodsport 10 10 0 0 0
Rest-A-While 0 0 46 H 0
Resort

Sunrise Motel & 35 0 0 0 0
Resort

Beacon Point 3 0 20 H 0
Boathouse

Quilcene Boat unknown
Launch

Seabeck Marine 181 0 0 H Y
Inc.

Sandy's Tahuya 15 8 20 1 Y
Resort

Hood Canal 50 10 190 0 Y
Marina Corp.

* Numbers indicates numbers of lanes on boat ramp
"H" indicates a boat lift facility

Figure 5. County moorage figures for 1978.

Wet Slips Dry Slips Average Price/ft. Revenues*
Public Private

Mason 198 330 $.69 $2.06 $72204

Kitsap 1787 149 $.96 $1.27 $667U40

Jefferson 851 90 $.68 $1.41 $311016

Estimated revenues for wet, open moorage only. Does not
include transient reciepts, groceries, or services.

SPORT FISHING IN THE HOOD CANAL REGION

LICENSES 4ND FEES

Licenses are required for taking all fresh and saltwater
fishes and shrimp. The fees and durations of each license vary
according to the status of the license holder (resident, non-
resident, senior, etc...). The following will give a brief
description of each license, for further explanations please

consult either SALMON, SHELLFISh, BOTIOMFISH SPORT FISHING GUIDE

distributed by Washington State Department of Fisheries, or Game

Fish Regulations distributed by Washinton Department of Wildlife.

This year (1988), for the first time, Department of

Fisheries (DDF) will require a license for taking of all

saltwater foodfishess, including those taken while SCUBA diving.

A seperate card is required for salmon, and another license for

How Canal Spot shrimp.

The Departinent of Wildlife (DOW) controls the licensing and

management of treshwater fishes, landlocked salmon (Kokanee), and

steelhead. in addition to the regular fishing license, a special

permit is required to fish for steelnead.

REGULATIONS

The following is a list of species cor=nly sought in Hood

Canal and it's tributaries, and the seasons and limits pertaining

to each species.

&kLIWAIER- DEPARIMENP OF KSHERIES
Bottomfish- Open entire year.
- 15 fish per day.
- Not more than 5 my be rockfish.
- Not more than 10 may be surfperch.
- Lingcod count towards the limit.

Lingcod-- open April 15 to May 31.
one fish per day.
minimum size- 22 inches
Any size for SCUBA divers.

Salmon- Daily limit 3
Open year round except:
- Dabob Bay open August 16 through April 14.
- Waters within 100 feet of Finch Creek closed.
- Waters within 100 feet of the Seabeck Highway ISM
Big Beef Creek Bridge are closed August through
Nox.,ember.
- Walt-ers within 100 yards of the confluence of the
Enetai Hatchery outfall creek and saltwater are
closed at all times.
Minimum size 22 inches- Chinook only.
No minimum size on other salmon.

Oysters- Daily limit 18
- Leave oyster shell on beach.
- Do not take oysters in ihater two feet or deeper.
- Open September 16 through July 14 except as follows
- Bywater Bay State Tidelands-, part of the
tidelands open May 16 through July 14.
- Hoodsport Salmon Hatchery open May 16 through
July 14.
- Kitsap Memorial State Park open May 16 through
J u;-ie 15.
- Scenic Beach State Park closed until April 15,
1989.
- Seal Rock Campground open May 16 through July
14.

Clams- Geoduck- Daily limit of 3.
- horse - Daily limit of 7
- Manila- Daily limit of 40
- minimum size of 1.5 inches.
- Native Littleneck- Daily limit of 40
- Minimum size of 1.5 inches.
- Butter- Daily limit of 40.
Minimum size of 1.5 inches.
All clamming is open year round except in Twanoh State
Park w4iere the season is January 1 through June 15.

Crab- Dungeness- upen year round except for pots.
- Open July 15 to April 15 for crab pots.
- Daily limit of six crabs.
- Minimum size of Six inches.
- No taking of sof tshell crabs.
Rea Rock - Daily limit, 12 crabs.
- No size limit.
- No sex restriction.

HoOd Canal Shrimp- Season opens 3rd Saturday in May- 9 :00 Am.
- Limit of 10 pounds in the shell.
- Minimum mesh size for pots- /is

Mussels- Daily limit 10 pounds in the shell.

Pink scallops- Daily limit 20 pounds or-
- 10 quarts in the shell.
Weathervane scallops- daily limit of 12.
- Must be over 4 inches.
Rock scallops- Daily limit of 12.

FRESHMTER- DEPARDlEN1 OF WILDLIFE
Bass- Daily limit 10- not more than 3 over 17".

rrout- Daily limit 8.
- not more than 2 my be over 12" if taken from rivers,
streams, or beaver ponds.
- Minimum size 81, in rivers, streams, and beaver ponds.
- No minimum size in lakes or ponds.
- In addition to daily limit, 2 steelhead over 2011 may
be kept.
note- additional regulations for specific rivers and lakes
should be read.

Wnitefish- Daily limit 15.
No minim= size.

All Otner Fish- No restrictions.

MASON, KITSAP, AND JEFFEPMN aXJNN TURIST FIGLRES

Travel and recreation figures for Hood Canal specifically
are hard to come by. However information on the individual
counties is available. Except for the Spot Shrimp fisheryt most

activities on the canal could also be enjoyed in other parts of
puget sound. Any figures that include the whole county are going
to be misleading because each county has a different percentage

of usable shoreline borkering Hood canal.
Kit-sap County was the top county on the canal bringing in
$33 million in travel related revenues. Presunably a significant

portion of that money was spent on the east side of the county

where the majority of tourist and recreational facilities are.

It should not be overlooked however that the close proximity to

Hood Canal of a large number of tourists is a potential market

resource.

Mason County rated second in tourist related expenses with

$13.5 million. in the case of Mason County, a significant amount

of" tiie revenue a-in be attributed to fiooa Canal. Much of the

county's recreational shoreline extends through the most popular

and well used portion of Hood Canal.

Jefferson County followed Mason with $i2.8 million in

tourist revenues. While Jef.Lerson county contains the largest

number of public shoreline recreational parks and facilities it

also has a lot oi shoreline outside of Hood Canal. part of

Jefferson's tourist revenues come from the open coast, the

Straits of Juan de Fuca, and Admiralty Inlet.

wnen each county is analyzed for the number of tourist

facilities and ratio of Hood Canal shoreline to other shorelines,

it ar4:)ear!9 that the figures change. Mason County and then

Jefferson County make up the majority of income generating

shoreline followed by Kitsap County whose primary travel

facilities lie in the main part of Puget Sound.

Tourism and travel are growing in Washington State, and

across the nation. State Park attendance is iLo 4%, National

Park attendance is up 17%. Olympic National Park recorded

one of the largest increases in the nation with 16% for 1986.

An estimated 3.5 million people used the park which resides

partly in the Hood Canal watershed. This is gooa news for

businesses on the canal who then have a ready market of

travelers to cater to.

Tourism is the fourth largest industry in Washinton,

second largest in the nation. Witn 50% of northwest

residents vacationing in the northwest, and travelers

entering the state in record numbers it is fair to believe

that with even mociest advertising and marketing Hood Canal

can continue to offer exceptional recreational opportunities

without losing it's rural flavor.

MASON KITSAP JEFFERSON WASHINGTON '85-86 CHANGE

Hotels 15 25 15 1300 UP 12%

Eating/ 69 218 58 8000 UP 5%
Drinking est.
Service 15 41 11 1800 N/C
Stations

Recreation 12 36 0 2400 UP 8%
services

Figure 6. Travel related businesses- 1986.

MASON KITSAP JEFFERSON WASHINGTON

Travel Expenditures $13.5 m $33 m $12.8 m $3.4 b

Travel-Generated $3.2 m $7.7 m $2.2 m $680 m
Payroll

Travel-Generated 375 1000 325 85000
Employment (FTE)

State Tax $730 t $2 m $670 t $135 m
Receipts

Local Roam Tax $26 t $5 $84 t $8.0 M

t= Thousand m-- Million b-- Billion

Figure 7. Economic figures from travel related business- 1986.

EWLADYMENr

Employment in the Hood Canal region is in par-t dependant

upon the tourist industry. An estimated 1700 (FIE) travel

related jobs are held in the three counties bordering Hood

Canal. While this sound--, impressive it does not give the

complete picture of employment in the area.

Enployment figures given in full time equivilence (FrE)

actually indicate a larger workforce. Many service industry

jobb are seasonal, serving boaters and other vacationers

during the peak summer season. The summer months see a large

increase in restaraunt staff, maids, sales clerks, resort and

park attendants, and other unskilled jons. Many of these

jobs are held by non-resident students, and others from

outside the county. Some of the economic benifits of

increased employment in the county are lost a8 the emloyees

leave the area to spend their money.

Employment Security records show a consistent pattern of

increased employment during the summer, and decreased

employrient during the winter. They also show an increase in

the labor force inconsistent with local unemployment figures.

This inconsistency would account for non-resideents and high

school students entering the labor force temporarily. Kitsap

Dounty is the one exception to this trend. Part of that is

due to the much larger work force, and the nature of the jobs

available in Kitsap county. Many residents camute to

Seattle and vicinity, or vAork for one of the two Naval Bases

in Kitsap County. For this reason employment statistics do

not show any significant seasonal variation there.
Seas;nal labor is not limited to the tourist industry.

In Mason County aquaculture and logging also require some

seasonal help. The fact that part of the employment figures

for tourism are for part-time and seasonal help does not

diminish the positive in-pact tourism has on the Hood Canal

region. However it needs to be noted that seasonal and low

level jobs are not as beneficial to the region or the people

as some emloyment f igures would indicate.

Figure 8., MA60N CDUNrY EMPLOYMENr- 1986

Labor Force Eniployment Unemployment Percent

JAN 12130 1002 1410 11.6%
FEB 12070 10740 1330 11.0
MAR 12220 10970 1250 10.2
APR 12560 11320 1240 9.9
MAY 12530 11360 1170 9.3
JUN 12790 11640 1150 9.0
JUL 13130 11910 1220 9.3
ALG 13220 12070 1150 8.7
SEP 12950 11840 1110 8.6
Ocr 13320 12210 1110 8.3
@Dv 13570 12400 1170 8.6
DEC 13170 11900 1270 9.6

ANMIAW 12810 11590 1220 9.5
AVERAGE

Figure 9., KIISAP CL)L)NrY Er4PLOYMENr- 1986

Labor Force Employment Ur*rployment Percent

JAN 69900 65500 4400 6.3%
FEB 690OU 64700 4300 6.2
MAR 69400 65000 4400 6.3
APR 69600 65200 4400 6.3
MAY 69600 65500 4300 6.2
JUN 70300 65800 4500 6.4
JUL 70900 66200 4700 6.6
AUG 70900 66400 4500 6.3
SEP 70600 66200 4400 6.2
Ocr 70900 66400 4500 6.3
NDV 70500 66200 4300 6.1
DEC 70400 66100 4300 6.1

ANNUAL 70200 65800 4400 6.3
AVhRAGE

Figure 10. JEFFERSON CDUN1'Y EMPLOYMENr- 1986

Labor Force Employment Unemployment Percent

JAN 7080 6360 720 10.2%
FEB 7030 6340 690 9.8
MAR 7130 6450 680 9.5
APR 7410 6760 6-5-0 8.8
MAY 7670 7U50 620 8.1
JLN 7780 7210 570 7.3
JLL 8360 7780 580 6.9
ALIG 8520 7920 600 7.0
SEP 8530 7980 550 6.4
Ocr 8160 7530 630 7.7
11r)v 8060 7360 700 8.7
DEC 7600 6920 6BU 8.9

AMUAi, 7780 7140 640 8.2
AVERAGE;

EMNDMIC NPACM OF TOURISM ON MUNN SERVICES

7 StS
Tourl passing Through the Hood Canal area, or staying for
a weekend or longer use to some extent the services provided by
the counties. Usually this is in the form of garbage disposalt
road use, county park use, or other common uses. occasionally
police, fire, emergency medical, search and rescue or other major
services are required. The establishment and maintenance of
these services is paid for mostly by county residents through

local taxes.

I could not determine the number of emergency responses

attributed to non-residents as these figures are not collected.

Also un-attainable are figures on the percentage of use of roads

and parks by non-residents, and their relative maintenance costs.

lt could be presuned that the taxes and salaries generated by the

local travel industry helps compensate for the cost of providing

police, fire, and medical services to non-residents.

Garbage disposal is becoming a major issue in the 180's.

Landfills are filling up. Toxic chemicals are leaching out.

Costs for transporL and disposal are going up. Often the

businesses who are paying for disposal of the garbage did not

sell products bei-lg thrown away. Weekend travelers often pack

food, soft drinks, disposable diapers, etc... specifically to

avoid having to purchace these iteims while on their trip. These

costs are born both by the businesses w1hO pay to have their trash

disposed ot and the counties who must find reasonably safe and

available areas to use as landfiiis.

Because such intormation is usefull to the Hood Canal

Coordinating Council, and potentialy to individual counties and
businesse@, I feel there is a need for a system of recording the

costs to provide county services by area. This would allow, for

instance, information on park maintenance costs from the Hood

Canal area of Jefferson County to be considered seperately fran

the ocean beaches area. It would also be helpful to have a

breakdown of the number of emergency responses related to

residents and non-residents. With this information real figures

on the price the county pays for tourism could be more accurately

tallied.

ENVIRONMENIAL IMPACrS
Envirom-ental Impacts directly related to recreational
activitie@ are not easy to identify, and even less easy to

document. Human activity on and near the water may have
detrimental effects ranging from the obvious, such as discarded
waste, to the less obvious but often equally important effects of
disturbing breeding or feeding wildlife soley by the volume of

people present in an area.

HUMN ACTIWTY

Boating, beachcombing, shelifishing, even the mare presence

of humans can have some impact on wildlife. disturbing

traditional feeding or breeding grounds of some birds has been

implicated in lower birth rates, causing stress on already

threatened species. one of the attractions of jjood Canal is the

pristine shorelines and variety of wildlife. An understanding of

the biology of the areas sensitive wildlife and the

identification of important feeding and breeding grounds are

significant steps in keeping the canal diverse and productive.

BOATS

One of trie most visible forms of pollution is garbage thrown

from cars, boats, docrs, and almost anyplace else people

congregate. Besides being an eyesore, most garbage contains a

large &nount of plastic. Plastic, in the form of bags, packing

material, six-pack rings, and other containers has been

iinplicated in tne deaths of marine nrc@mmals, birds, and even some

fishes. Unlike other forms of garbage, plastic floats, and may

take years to break down at all.

Oil from 2 cycle outboards, and bilgewater is a continuing

problem tfiat grows as recreational boating increases in

popularity. Besides being unsitely, the oil coats the water with

a thin layer which blocks the transfer of oxygen frcrn the

atmosphere to the water, thus choking off some surface dwelling

organisms. Scn-Pe of the most sensitive to this type of pollution

are plankton and planktonic larvae. The effects of this are

twofold, nany fish and invertebrates depend on these tiny

organisms as a food source, and some of the plankton are the

larvae of convercially and recreationaly irrportant organisms such

as crabs, shellfish, and some fishes.

Engine oil also contains metals and other particles toxic to

marine life that are picked up in the process of lubricating and

cleaning the moving parts of the engine. Some of these toxins

can enter from the sediments into plant and then into the bodies

ot wtiatever eats those plants. The dangers of this become

appearant as the toxins move up the food web into secondary

carnivores such as seals and birds of prey. Toxins stored in

their fat tissues and released into their blood stream can create

significant drops in the birth rates, and can decimate entire

populations of animals.

Boater education and services concerning the dangers and

proper disposal oi waste oil are ityportant steps in reducing the

levels of oil and related products entering into the water.

Marine toilets with holding tanks, porta-potties, and Marine

Sanitation devices (MSD's) are common on many mid to large size

boats. One of the primary concerns with most on board toilets is

the lack of treatment and the lack of control over where the

sewage is released. ideally holding tanks and porta-potties, are

emptieu at a pump-out station at a marina or port, however the
only pump-out facilities in Hood Canal are in Port Ludlow and

Pleasant fiartbor marina, and both are reported to be used very

little. Second to a pump-out station would be to empty the
holding tank into deep fast moving water where it can be quickly
diluted. Unfortunately, many boaters find it more convenient to

empty the holding tank when at anchor, or to by-pass the holding

tank altogether, and just flush out the sewage every time the

head is used. When this happens in protected bays or shallow

waters (co(anon areas for shellfish sites) then the pathogens are

able to survive long enough to be ingested by organisms,

sometimes shellfish, and can make their way back. to a human host.

Detection of boaters as a source of bacterial pollution is

ditticult at best because boats are so mobile, and bacterial

pollution can have many sources.

Marine Sanitation Devices (14SD's) are an alternative to

either duTping polluting wastes, or having to find and use a

working punp-out facility. MSU's offer treatment. of sewage,

using clorine or other chemicals, before it is released into the

water. The cost of such systems is beyond the means of most boat

owrers but for those who can afford them the benifits are worth

the cost.

The problem of improper use of on board sewage requires more

than just more pump-out stations. The boating public needs to be

informed and reminded of the dangers of bacterial pollution.

Pressure from boating clubs, magazines, and even fellow boaters

is needed to change the perception that boaters wastes don't

contribute to the overall pollution of our waters.

STORMATER

Water entering into roadside ditches, storm drains, or

running off the land into streams or other waterways is typically

termed stormwater. Ideally the precipitation from which the

runoff came is clean and pure. when the water flows over roads,

parking lots, pastures, agricultural lands, and yards, it picks

up anything light enough or sinall enough and carries it along.

The danger comes when the substances picked up are harmful to the

environment.

Runoff from roads and parking lots carries oil and other

petrolium, products, heavy metals such as lead, and whatever

refuse my have been dumped along the road. Car finishes and

paints, chrome plating, and tire wear also contribute to the

overall buildup in stormwater.

Buildings also can conLribute to the impurities in

stormwater. Zinc from galvanized roofing nails, gutters, and

downspouts are potential sources of pollution. Exterior paints,

whether or not they contain lead, can contain coloring agents

that are highly toxic and can enter into the water in the process

of weathering.

Runoit from agricultural lands, pastures holding livestock,

ana from yards and gardens can contain large quantities of

chemical and bacterial pollutants. Fertilizers and pesticides

applied to fields, gardens, and yards can be washed out through

the soil and into ditches or streams. These chemicals remain

unseen, only being detected by specialized labratory tests, or at

times by the damage they do.

Like harw&ul chemicals, bacterial pollution also must be
detected by labratory tests. The main sources of bacterial
pollution are feces from warm blooded animals- livestock,
chicxens, family pets, marine mmals and birds, and humans. The

bacterial contamination itself is not a threat to marine

organisms, in fact many thrive on it, but once in the food web it

becorries a danger to people who may inadvertantly eat contaminated
seafood. Proper animal husbandry, such as fencing st .reams and

controlling runoft, should reduce the chances of livestock

related contamination. Proper installation and maintenance of

septic systems will do much to reduce the risk of contamination

due to human wastes. In hood Canal bacterial pollution,

identified by the presence of fecal choliforms, is the sole

source of shellfish beach closures.

All of the above mentioned forms of pollution fall under the

term "non-point source" meaning that their is no single source or

outfall frcta which they originate. Non-point source pollution is

the harciest to act against because it is the 'hardest to identify.

When sources are identified, the results are often clouded in

arguments and blame. in truth it is the responsibility of all

residents and visitors to act responsibly with regards to public

and environmental health.

CUNCLUSION AND RBOOMENDATIONS

tiood'Canal faces some pivotal choices at this time. Demand

for the canal is up. The surrounding area is seeing growth in

population ana employment. But at the same time Beaches are

being closed to shellfishing due to pollution.

The number one problem faced by the region today is non-

point source pollution. Rising numbers of full-time residents

and tourists are operating cars and boats, and using overworked,

out-of-date septic systems. This is combined with stormwater

runoff and agricultural/livestock runoff to produce unsafe levels

of bacteria along the shorelines. It cannot be stressed enough

that public education is a key step in reducing the problem. But

it should not stop there, the counties and the state need to set

firm sLandards- for septic systems, shoreline development, and

animal control, and enforce and abide b those standards.
y

Regional Sewage Teatment plants would help to correct some

oi the problem by Treating wastes betore they enter into the

water. The cost for such systezc-, however, is very high,

especially vkien servicing a largely rural area. Another option

is to re-exan-dne the septic tank regulations and how they are

implemented. Much of the canal is set on basalt flows that do

not perk. Permits should be withheld froin unsatisfactory areas

until arrangements can be made to find other types of sewage

treatinent or disposal methods.

Shorelines are especially sensitive to development. county

zoning currently limits shoreline development. Where attention

should be focused is on areas already developed, monitoring the

septic tanks- and ensuring safe standards are met.

The tourist industry is growing, and Hood Canal is sharing
in that growth, but local businesses and governments should not

be too complacent. Identifying the needs of boaters and Campers
and targeting changes directly at those needs is going to be the
the challenge in the coming years. It is appearant that more
moorage and boat launch facilities are needed. That need now

needs- to be turned into numbers and locations so that boat ramps

and slips can keep up with demand.

I would like to conclude that more pxxnp-out stations are

neeckad on the canal, and they are, but the ones that already

exist are not being used. Boater education and peer pressure are

key steps before more pump-out stations will be effective.

The Hood Canal region nas reached a crossroads. where choices

about the economic and enviroriLw-ntal integrity must be made.

Tourism and recreation can exist side by side with a clean

environavent, But not without the cooperation of businesses,

government, and the people. The tiood canal Coordinating Council

and the Boaters Task Force axe prime exmnples of multi-level

involvement that can iTake real changes in the course of events in

the region.

BMIOGRAPHY

Fox, Nancy and Susan Heikkala. horeline Master Program
kiandbook. Washington State Department of Ecology,
September, 1983.

Goodwin, Robert F. Recreational Boating In Washington's Coastal
Zone: The Market For Moorage. Seattle: Washington Sea Grant.
May, 1982.

Goodwin, Robert F. ana Robert Stokes. The Mooracre Industry In
Washinton's Coastal Zone. Seattle: Washington Sea Grant.
December, 1980.

Hood Canal Regional Planning Policy. hood Canal Coordinating
Council. September, 1986.

Jefferson County Revenue Ledger. 1987.

Mason County Revenue Ledger. 1987.

Scott, James W. and Melly A. Reuling. Washington Public Shore
Guide: Marine Waters. Seattle: University of vVashington
Press. 1986.

Washington Deparbnent of Wildlife. 1988-90 Game Fish
Regulations- Washington. 1988.

Washington State Department of Fisheries. Salmon, Shellfish,
Bottomfish Sportfishing Guide. 1988.

Wahington State Departinent of Fisheries. Puget Sound Public
Shellfish Sites. Revised by Eric hurlburt and Albert J.
Scholz. Octooer, 1983.

Washington State rilTployment Security Department. Annual
Demographic information- July 1987: Service Area I.
September, 1987.

Washington State E2TVloyment Security Department. Annual
Demographic information- July 1987: Service Area 11.
September, 1987.

"washington Travel Facts." and General Travel Information.
Wasnington State Deparblient of Trade and Economic
DeVE-11opement.

DATE DUE

GAYLORD No. 2333 PRINTED IN U S A

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