Water resource management and protection plan North Hampton master plan

[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]

Rockingham
Planning 121 Water Street, Exeter, N.H. 03833 (60,3)-778-0885
Commission

REGIONAL
PLANNING

HD 0 00
1694
N4
W37
1989
41,

WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
AND PROTECTION PLAN

North Hampton Master Plan

Rockingham Planning Commission
June 30, 1989

The New Hampshire Coastal Program provided a grant for the preparation of this
document which was financed in part by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972,
as amended, administered by the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resources Management,
National Oce-anic and Atmospheric Administration.

Property of CSC Libraxy

r4-

U . S . DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NOAA
CM COASTAL SERVICES CENTER
2234 SOUTH HOBSON AVENUE
CHARLESTON SC 29405-2413

TABLE OF CONTENTS
WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND PROTECTION PLAN Page

I. Description of Surface Water Resources ...... ........... 2

Ho Description of Groundwater Resources .- ........... ....... 00.. 10

III, Identification of Potential Threats to Water Resources - .... o. 20

IV. Assessment of Growth In Demand for Water *.o ....... *........ oo. 25

V. Description of the Infrastructure ............ oo- ......o ..... 27

VI. Description of Existing Programs and Policies ........ - ...... 30

VII. Analysis ............... o........................ o ............. 33

VIII.Recommendation for New or Revised Policies Programs ... 37

MAPS

Page

Map A-1 Regional Watersheds ............. 00-6 ......... 3
Map A-2 Watersheds, Perennial Water Bodies & Water Service Areas.. 4
Map B Wetlands & Major Wildlife Habitats ....6 .................. 6
Map C Flood Hazards & Bedrock Geology .......................... 9
Map D Aquifers & Wells ........................................ 0 11
Map E Existing Potential Pollutant Sources ..................... 17
Map F Generalized Zoning ...................... o................ 18
Map G Generalized Future Land Use ..... o... o................ o..o 19
Map H Soils Suitability for Septic Systems so*.. ............. #so 29

TABLES

Table 1 Unamed Perennial Streams ... o ... so# ....... *so ........o... o 7
Table 2 Acreage of Wetlands & Floodplain Areas o ........ o.o ....... 8
Table 3 Areas of Significant Wetlands & Floodplains so ... o.o.oooo 8
Table 4 Nonpoint Pollutant Sources & Remedies ooo.o.o.oo..o..o..o 20

APPENDIX

Appendix I Summary of Well Completion Data for the Town of North Hampton

Appendix II Public Water Systems Inventory

Appendix III Underground Storage Tank Data

WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND PROTECTION PLAN

Introduction

This component of the Town of North Hampton Master Plan addresses the require-
ments, established by the New Hampshire Office of State Planning under the
authority of RSA 4-C:20, I, for the preparation of local water resource manage-
ment and protection plans.

The purposes of this chapter are to identify and describe surface and groundwater
resources: to identify existing and potential threats to these resources; to
evaluate the adequacy of water resources to meet the current and future needs
of the Town; to evaluate existing local programs which have the potential to
impact water resources; and to identify regulatory and nonregulatory programs
that could further enhance water resource management and protection efforts.

The protection and wise use of water resources are of critical concern to the
Town of North Hampton. With a large majority of the Town dependent on ground-
water, from both private wells and the Hampton Water Works Company wells, the
quantity and quality of this resource must be protected from depletion and/or
contamination. Other Town water resources, such as swamps, ponds, rivers,
streams, and wetlands, are important not only because they are often hydrologi-
cally related to groundwater, but because they provide ecological, scenic and
recreational value to the Town as a whole.

In general, there is a direct relationship between land use and water quality.
The right use in the wrong area, or the right use carried out in the wrong way
can degrade and contaminate both surface and groundwater, increase flood hazards,
destroy water-based wildlife and interfere with scenic and recreational values.
It is the responsibility of the Town to take reasonable precautions to protect
all water resources from incompatible uses and, in so doing, protect the health
and general welfare of the community.

I. DESCRIPTION OF THE SURFACE WATER RESOURCES

Watersheds

The Town of North Hampton contains two regional watersheds - the drainage areas
for Great Bay and the New Hampshire Coast. These watersheds were identified
on the "New Hampshire Hydrologic Unit Map" (source: U.S. Department of Agricul-
ture,, Soil Conservation Service, May 1982). The watershed boundaries shown
on Map A - "Regional Watersheds" - were delineated by the Rockingham Planning
Commission using 1*5 minute topographic maps (source: Newmarket Quadrangle,
NH; and Portsmouth Quadrangle, NH - ME; Kittery Quadrangle, NH - ME; Exeter
Quadrangle, NH; Hampton Quadrangle, NH; Newburyport West Quadrangle, MA - NH;
and Newburyport East Quadrangle, MA - NH; 7.5 Minute Topographic Maps; U.S. Geo-
logical Survey, 1973).

The following paragraphs provide a general description of each regional water-
shed.

a. Great Bay watershed: The Great Bay estuarine system, covering approximately
17 sq. mi. is one of the largest estuaries along the east coast of the
United States. This system is formed by the conveyance of seven rivers: the
Salmon Falls, Cocheco, Bellamy, Oyster, Lamprey, Squamscott, and Winnicut
with a total watershed area of 930 sq.mi.

In order to isolate a meaningful drainage area the Great Bay watershed
was delineated to cover portions of twelve towns (as shown on Map A-1).
The watershed area is approximately 74,930 acres (510 sq. mi.). The land
area of the Great Bay watershed contained within North Hampton is about
3,598 acres (5.6 sq.mi.).

b. Coastal watershed: The receiving water bodies of the Coastal Watershed
are the Piscataqua River and the Atlantic Ocean. The Piscataqua River
originates in Rollinsford, NH and is fed by the Salmon Falls, Cocheco,
and Bellamy Rivers. The Piscataqua River is tidal and flows along the
shores of Newington, Portsmouth, and New Castle for about seven miles before
emptying into the Atlantic Ocean. New Hampshire's ocean-front shoreline
s approximately 18 miles long. The area of the Coastal watershed is about
50,097 acres (78 sq.mi.). The area of the Coastal watershed within North
i

Hampton is about 5,351, acres (8.4 sq.mi.).

@iil@in_ *the ktini Apal Boundaries
-Watershed's-') C

North Hampton's portion of the Great Bay watershed is drained by the Winnicut
River. The Coastal watershed was divided into four sub-watersheds within Town:
Little River, Philbricks Pond, Berry's Brook, and Bailey Brook. These sub-water-
sheds are depicted on Map A-2 "Watersheds, Perennial Water Bodies, and Water
Service Area."

The characteristics of each sub-watershed is described below. All of North
Hampton's water bodies have a legislative classification of -B" (see "Potential
Surface Water Supplies" of this section for more detail).

e ional Watersheds'
Map A-.:I,.

N.M., Great Bay

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NEWFIELDS

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ISLES
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Source: U.S.D.A./S.C.S. Hydrologic Unit ap.

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Watershed Boundaries

Rivers and Perennial Stream.

Ponds

A.@
A,rea served by Hampton Water
Works Company

HAA4p-r
Prepared by the Rockingham Planning Commission ON
June 1989
SDurrx_ Portsmouth, Hampton. Exeter.
7.5 Minute Topographic Maps,
U.S. Geological Survey. 1973.

OFFICE OF STATE PLANNING
ORAFTEO SY f L-Ct-11 Ott" 5/,9
SOURCE: Stale of N- ftmooll- TOWN OF NORTH -HAMPTON N.H.
-4 EcOn-, D ... I-P-1

ROADS UPDArED, NOV 1988 R.P.C.
ACCEpTED Sy TOWN 0 at*. 4/80
'000 '00 %..'.0 C . 1000 ''000 "0"0",

a. Winnicut River: Within North Hampton, the sub-watershed is 3,598 acres
(5.6 sq. mi.). The Winnicut River is one of seven major rivers which empty
into the Great Bay. The Winnicut River flows for three miles within North
Hampton, from south to north, until it enters Greenland. At one point
it dips down into Hampton for a short distance then enters Town again.
Within Town, the river drops from an elevation of 70 feet to 35 feet above
mean sea level (MSL). It is a free-flowing river with no dams or impound-
ments in North Hampton.

Within the Town of North Hampton, the Winnicut River is fed by seven peren-
nial tributaries, three of which are named: Cornelius Brook Barton Brook,
and Pine Hill Brook. The four unnamed tributaries are coded as W-1 through
W-4 on Map B and Table 1.

1) Cornelius Brook: At its origin near Knowles Pond, Cornelius Brook
is 80 f eet MSL. The Brook flows for two miles west,, and drops to
50 feet MSL at the Winnicut River.

2) Barton Brook: At its origin in the northwest part of North Hampton,
Barton Brook is 60 f eet MSL. The Brook flows for one mile northwest
and drops to 25 feet MSL at the Greenland border.

3) Pine Hill Brook: At its origin at the Stratham Town line, Pine Hill
Brook is 95 f eet MSL. The Brook flows for 4500 feet east, and drops
to 50 feet MSL at the Winnicut River.

North Hampton's Winnicut River watershed also contains Knowles Pond, a
1.2 acre water body at 80 feet MSL. Knowles Pond is not connected to Corne-
lius Brook.

b. Little River: The Little River sub-watershed is 4,488 acres (7 sq.mi.).
Little River flows easterly from its origin in northern North Hampton at
70 feet MSL to the Atlantic Ocean. Along its 4.5 mile course the Little
River is dammed near Mill Road at Mill Dam. It is considered a Class "A"
dam by the N.H. Water Resources Board meaning it has a "low hazard poten-
tial". In the case of failure, it would result in any of the following: no
expected loss of life, minimal economic loss to occassional structures
or agriculture; and/or damage to minor town roads (source: N.H. Code of
Administrative Rules Wr 101.15).

Little River is fed by six perennial streams: North Brook, Oliver Brook,
Garland Brook and three unnamed streams (coded as L-1, L-2, and L-3 on
Map B and Table 1).

1) North Brook: North Brook originates just above North Road at 70 feet
MSL, and flows for one mile southerly to Little River at an elevation
of 50 feet MSL.

2) Oliver Brook: At its origin near the Rye border, Oliver Brook is
50 f eet MSL. It flows for 1.8 miles southerly to Little River at
an elevation of 15 feet MSL.

3) Garland Brook: Garland Brook originates just west of Woodland Road
in North Hampton at 15 f eet MSL, and f lows f or one mile easterly to
Little River at an elevation of 5 feet MSL.

*0A1

-@A-
q

Cl)/

Poorly Drained
AD

Muck

Peat Very Poorly
Prepared by the Rockingham Planning Commlission N'
Ponded June 1989
Drained

n. Rockingham
SDA1r=.U Town of N. HaMDtO
County, N-H. (S@ils Map): U.S.
Other Department of Agriculture - Soil
Conservation Service, March 1980.
Significant Wetlands
-Fhe New Hampshire Coastal Program provided a grant for the
1-4 Primary Wildlife Habitats
preparation of this man which was Fmance-d in part by the
Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972- as amended, admm-
isLared by the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resources
Managgemeid. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admm@cln."

OFFICE OF STATE PLANNING
RAFTED BY, U.1-a L*Cla,r Do,* 5/79
50URCE:S lot* of No- H-ol-. D.P.,1-1 of Reso-ts
0 *nd Ec.....' TOWN OF NORTH HAMPTON N-H,
ROADS UPDArED, Nov 1988 R. p C.
ACCEPTED BY TOWN D at*. 4/80
loos..... 1". looo....

Table 1. Unnamed Perennial Streams

Stream Location Length (ft) Elevation (ft)

W-1 West 2000 55 to 45
W-2 Central 5200 70 to 55
w-3 S. West 1200 55 to 50
W-4 S. West 2600 55 to 50
L-1 N. East 6000 70 to 50
L-2 S. East 10200 80 to 30
L-3 S. East 3000 60 to 50
P-1 N. East 2800 40 to 10
P-2 N. East 4400 20 to 10
P-3 N. East 2000 20 to 10

Note: "Length" is the length of the stream within North Hampton. "Eleva-
tion- is the stream's elevation above mean sea level, within North Hampton.

North Hampton's Little River watershed also contains one manmade pond -
Mill Pond. Located northwest of the intersection of Mill Road and Atlantic
Avenue, Mill Pond is approximately 9.3 acres and is at an elevation of
45 feet MSL. As explained earlier, the pond was formed by a dam constructed
along the-Little River.

C. Philbrick Pond: The Philbrick Pond sub-watershed is 693 acres (1ol sqo
mio). Located between Central Road, Route 1A and Chapel Road, it is approxi-
mately 4.5 acres and is at an elevation of 10 feet MSL. The pond is fed
by Chapel Brook and three unnamed perennial streams (coded as P-1, P-2,
and P-3 on Map B and Table 1). Philbrick Pond is connected to the Atlantic
Ocean and is affected by tidal action.

1) Chapel Brook: At its origin just north of Atlantic Avenue, Chapel
Brook is 15 feet MSL. It flows 3000 feet easterly to Philbrick Pond
at an elevation of 10 feet MSL.

d. Berry's Brook: Within North Hampton the Berry's Brook sub-watershed occu-
pies only 46 acres (0.07 sq.mio). The land area is located along the Rye
Town line between Route 1 and the Boston and Maine Railroad tracks. None
of Berry's Brook or any other water body is actually located in North Hamp-
ton.

e. Bailey's Brook: Within North Hampton the Bailey's Brook sub-watershed
occupies only 124 acres (Oo19 sqomi.)o The land area is located east of
Route 1 along the Rye Town lineo Bailey's Brook flows easterly at 75 feet
MSL for only 200 feet before it enters the Town of Rye. No other water
bodies are located within this watershed.

Table 2 - "Total Acreage of Wetlands and Floodplain Areas", presents a breakdown
of the acreage of floodplain areas, and poorly drained and very poorly drained
soils within North Hampton's five sub-watersheds, The areas for muck and ponded
soils, both of which are classified as very poorly drained soils are also inven-
toried.

Table 2. Acreage of Wetlands and Floodplain Areas

Regional Watersheds Great Bay Coastal

Sub-Watersheds Winnicut Little Philbricks Berrys Bailey
River River Pond Brook Brook

Poorly Drained Soils 650 1278 172 7 15
Very Poorly Drained Soils 827 624 93 0 48
Muck 0 34 7 0 0
Peat 694 505 82 0 48
Ponded 45 25 4 0 0
Other 88 60 0 0 0
Floodplain 795 393 112 0 0

Map B "Wetlands", depicts the locations of wetland areas throughout North
Hampton. This information was taken from an SCS County Soil Survey Map
(source: USDA Soil Conservation Service, May 1980). Wetlands are defined
as poorly and very poorly drained soils. Much of these wetlands are con-
tained in North Hampton's 100-year flood zones,- which are depicted on Map
C - "Flood Hazards and Bedrock Geology." Flood hazard boundaries are those
shown on the Town of North Hampton "Flood -Insurance Rate Map" (effective
date: June 3, 1986),, published by the Federal Emergency Management Agency
(FEMA). In general,, the 100-year flood zone surrounds the major water
courses throughout Town. The three largest contiguous flood areas surround
the Winnicut River, Little River and Philbrick Pond.

Table 3 - "Areas of Significant Wetlands and Floodplains,," presents the
approximate acreage of each significant concentration of wetlands within
North Hampton's five sub-watersheds. A "significant concentration" of
wetland is herein defined as a contiguous and localized area of 20 acres
or more. The wetland area codes correspond to those depicted on Map B.
In the same fashionP Table 3 lists the approximate acreage of each flood-
plain area within North Hampton's sub-watersheds, as depicted on Map C.

Table 3. Areas of Significant Wetlands and Floodplains
Wetland Area Acreage 1 Floodplain Area Acreage 2

W-1 845 W-1 245
W-2 431 w-2 285
W-3 36 W-3 256
w-4 57 w-4 9
L-1 124 L-1 88
L-2 391 L-2 73
L-3 171 L-3 232
L-4 248 P-1 112
L-5 651
L-6 247
P-1 116
P-2 63
P-3 36
B-1 62

See Map B
2See Map C

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Flood Hazards

Bedrock Boundaries

Prepared by the Rockingham Planning Commission
June 1989
"Flood Insurance Rate Map. Town of North Hampton -WA
Snurceq- Rockingham County. New Hampshire:" Federal @@-r6N
Emergency Management Agency. June. 1986.
Geological Map of New Hampshire: U-S.
Geological Survey/State Geologist. 1986.

OFFICE OF STATE PLANNING
DRAFTED 6y' Mel-. L.Cl- Do' @:
SoU'ICE: State of N- H-psh- D*Pat ...1 .1
..d EcG.G-IC D-Wo-1 TOWN OF NORTH HAMPTON, N,H,
ROADS VPDArED,,V0V. 1988 R.P.C
ACCEPTED 8Y TO*N o f.: 4180

100Q 3oo o Go tooo....

Development should be located away from wetlands and floodplains. The
filling of and use of wetlands for building construction not only destroys
wetlands and their benefits, but may also lead to groundwater contamina-
tion. Building within a flood zone may also reduce the floodplain's capa-
city to absorb and retain water during periods of excessive precipitation
and runoff. Moreover, in regard to building within floodplains, contamina-
tion may result from flooding damage to septic systems. Without specific
flood-proofing design and construction, development within floodplains
poses threats to public health, safety, and welfare.

In accordance with N.H. Code of Administrative Rules (Wr700), the Water
Management Bureau (of the Water Resources Division, N.H. Department of
Environmental Services (DES)) compiles data on all water users throughout
the State which withdraw or discharge more than 20,000 gallons of water
per day. According to the Bureau, the Town of North Hampton presently
has no major users of surface water.

Potential Surii@e_ 'Water -Supplies

The two largest-rivers in North Hampton, the Winnicut River and the Little River,
have a legislative classification for water quality of "B" which means they
would require adequate treatment before being suitable for public consumption.
According to the 1988 _New Hampshire Water quality Report to Congress _305 (b),
Winnicut River and Little River are in compliance with the water quality stan-
dards set by their legislative classification. However, due to their small
flows, these rivers are unsuitable as a public drinking water supply within
North Hampton. Furthermore, none of the Town's ponds are of sufficient size
to be used as a municipal water supply.

At this time, the most economical and practical source for public water in North
Hampton continues to be from groundwater, which requires much less treatment.
The Hampton Water Works Company, which services North Hampton, obtains its water
from eight gravel-packed wells and one bedrock well, four of which are located
in North Hampton.

11. DESCRIPTION OF GROUNDWATER RESOURCES

-@tra'tiki-e,d--Drii"t",-Aq",ui'fe'rs

The U.S. Geological Survey Aquifer Delineation Maps for the Lower Merrimack/Coas-
tal Area, which includes North Hampton, have not been published as of this date.
Therefore, other previous studies and sources have to be utilized.

One important source is a study from the U.S.G.S. entitled Availability of Ground-
water in the Piscataqua and Other Coastal River Basins, Southeastern New Hamp-
shireP by John E. Cotton, Water-Resource Investigations 77-70. This study
identified areas of high., medium or low potential to yield significant quantities
of groundwater (see Map D). The reference map provides the following narrative
with respect to the delineated aquifers;

GREEP41
Coakley Well
Rock Wall

Crenshaw Well . . ....

0 ,_2
3

:7.'
Cc,

tOAD

1,7

4
3 0

Gl:cial and Post Glacial
Li W ter-Laid Deposits
Potential High Yield Aquifers
(Cotton. USGS)
Potential Medium Yield Aqifers
IT
(Cotton, USGS)
FT
%ources: 'Surficial Geologic Maps of the Hampton. Portsmouth and
my orps 0 Fxeter Guadrangle,s, Rockingham County. N.H.0, N.H. State 'd,
Engineers Aquifers Geologist Office. 1989.
to
'Avai bifily of Ground Water in the Piscalaqua and Other Coastal
[ED] Public Wells RiYm Basins. Southeastern New Hampshire*, By John I- Cotton.
-70.
Water R-urces 1-tigations 77
'Groundwater Asaessment Study for 50 Communilies in
U-1 Bedrock Wells Sautheaste,rn N.H.% U.S. Amy Corps of Frigineers. Morston Springs
match 1981.
Hampton Water Works State of hl@ Hampshire Water Wat" ReSourc,es Board, HA
Company Wells 'Summary of Well Completion Report Data for the
Town of North Hampton', April 1989.

State at New Hampshire Water Supply Engineering Bureau.
Water Supply & Potlulion Control Division. Dept. of
Prepared by the Rockingham Planning Commission Enviromental Services: 'Public Water Systerm; Inventory',
June 1989 October 1989. -nie
OFFICE OF STATE PLANNING prepar
DoAFT&D BY, Mehl- Lucia" Dom 5179 Coasta
S0UACE: S-. of N.. .-p.0.1. D.o.-- of R........ istered
..d E,-- D-1.0-- TOWN OF NORTH HAMPTON, N.H. Manag
ROADS UPDArED, NOV 1988 R.P C.
,ICCEPTEO BY TO.N 0 S.. 4/50

on Soo 0

-
I-. . ..000 -00 '000-,

Potential High Yield Aquifers - "Areas inferred to be underlain by medium to
very coarse sand or sand and gravel with sufficient saturated thickness to have
high potential to yield water. Included are areas with fine-grained surficial
deposits, which are inferred to be underlain by medium to very coarse sand or
sand and gravel. Wells located by systematic ground-water exploration within
these areas should yield sufficient quantities to meet or augment municipal
and industrial requirements. Deposits are thinner and wells would be less produc-
tive along the margins of these areas. Pumping wells adjacent to streams or
lakes may induce surface water to infiltrate the aquifer."

Potential Medium Yield Aquifers - "Areas inferred to be underlain by relatively
thin saturated sections of medium to very coarse sand or sand and gravel that
have medium potential to yield water. Shallow wells and infiltration galleries
located by systematic groundwater exploration within these areas may yield suffi-
cient quantities of water for small municipal and rural water districts and
commercial and light industrial use. Deposits are thinner and wells would be
less productive along the margins of these areas, except where they border areas
of high potential. Pumping wells adjacent to streams or lakes may induce surface
water to infiltrate the aquifer."

Potential Low Yield Aquifers - "Areas inferred to be underlain by fine and very
fine sand, silt, and clay that have low potential to yield water. These deposits
may yield sufficient water to wells for domestic and light commercial use.
In places, thin lenses of coarse sand and gravel with higher potential yield
may occur within or underlie these deposits, but these lenses may or may not
have adequate storage or recharge to provide large sustained well yields. Pum-
ping wells adjacent to streams, lakes, or tidewater may induce surface water
to infiltrate the aquifer.

Map D identifies three high yield aquifer areas, and two medium yield aquifer
areas. Due to the unlikelihood of yielding water supplies adequate enough for
municipal use, the low yield aquifers were not included on Map D. A large part
of North Hampton is shown to have potential to yield significant groundwater
supplies.

Another source of groundwater information is the U.S. Army Corps of Engineer's
report entitled, Groundwater Assessment Study for 50 Communities in Southeastern
New Hampshire. This report identified two aquifers, one wholly within town
and a smaller one on the Hampton town line (see Map D). The larger aquifer,
which stretches from the New Road/Knowles Pond area to the point where the
Stratham, Greenland and North Hampton town lines meet, is 397 acres in size.
This aquifer, which is recharged by the Winnicut River and precipitation was
estimated by the study to have a safe sustained yield of 0.47 MGD (million gal-
lons day). Located within the Winnicut River watershed, this aquifer is the
location of three Hampton Water Works Company wells, which are estimated by
the company to have an estimated safe yield of 1.42 MGD.

The smaller aquifer, which extends into Hampton, is 224 acres in total, with
only 46 acres in North Hampton. Marston Springs Well, owned by the Hampton
Water Works Company is located within the North Hampton portion of the aquifer.
Precipitation is the source of recharge for this aquifer.

The latest and most reliable source of information concerning stratified drift
aquifers is from the N.H. State Geologist's Office which is in the process of
finalizing surficial geology maps for the Exeter, Portsmouth and Hampton quad-
rangles. Identified as "glacial and postglacial water-laid deposits" these
stratified drift aquifers are identified according to their general location
in North Hampton. (Hereinafter, these aquifers will be referred to as the "north-
west" aquifer, "northcentral" aquifer, "northeast" aquifer, "central" aquifer
and "southern" aquifer.) Until the U.S.G.S. Aquifer Delineation Maps are pub-
lished in 1990, these surficial geology maps provide the most accurate delinea-
tion of North Hampton's stratified drift aquifers. In areas where the U.S.G.S.
aquifer maps are finished, they have matched the findings from the surficial
geology maps very closely.

According to the State Water Management Bureau, North Hampton has no major users
of groundwater. However, the Hampton Water Works Company's records indicate
that each of their four wells in Town withdraw more than 20POOO gallons a day.
Each of the wells are located with the stratified drift aquifers. Three wells
are located in the "northwest" aquifer and one is in the "southern" aquifer.
As of 1988 the four wells combined to pump a maximum of 1.64 MGD.

According to the Water Resources Division of the N.H. Department of Environmental
Services (DES), 27 wells were reported as being completed between January 1984
and February 1988. The well log data is presented in the "Summary of Well Com-
pletion Report Data for the Town of North-Hampton, dated April 18, 1989, and
is contained herein as Appendix I.

Map D depicts the locations of 13 of these wells which were mapped by the Water
Well Board of the N.H. DES (denoted by circles). Of these, three are located
within a stratified drift aquifer as identified by the N.H. State Geologist.
All of the wells are bedrock wells with depths ranging from 120 to 180 feet.
Two of the wells had discharges of 50 gallons per minute while the third had
20 gallons per minute.

Map D shows three other well locations, all of which are classified as public
water systems by the Water Supply and Engineering Bureau of the DES Water Supply
and Pollution Control Division (denoted by squares). These water systems are
labelled A, B, and C and are indexed by name in Appendix II, "Public Water Sys-
tems Inventory". The Hampton Water Works Company reports that water service
is available to the King Motel, but it is not utilized.

Bedrock and Till Aquifers

The State Geologist map (previously cited), which depicts North Hampton's sur-
ficial geology, contains information regarding the location and extent of till
(and marine sediment) formations. In general, till material has poorly sorted
grain sizes, which results in limited porosity, transmissivity and hydraulic
conductivity. Given these qualities, till formations would not be suitable
for municipal water supply wells. Hence, these areas have not been delineated
in this plan.

The bedrock geology of North Hampton was determined using the "Interim Geologic
Map of New Hampshire", U.S. Geological Survey/State Geologist (1986), prepared
at a scale of one inch equals approximately four miles. As previously stated,
Map D depicts the bedrock wells which were mapped by the Water Well Board.
In addition, the fault lines of different formations are shown on Map C, "Flood
Hazards and Bedrock Geology".

North Hampton has four general types of bedrock geology:

1. Rye Gneiss (metamorphic)

a) ZOr (z) - light colored to gray schists, and gneisses, quartzites,
and amphibolites;
b) ZOrb - Breakfast Hill member, quartz-feldspar granitic gneiss and
blastomylonitic migmatite;

2. Kittery Formation (metamorphic)

a) OZK - well bedded and grade-bedded purple and green phyllite and tan
calcareous siltstone;

3. Ordovician Plutons (igneous)

a) Oe9 - proxene and pyroxene - hornblende diorite and gabbro, with minor
granodiorite and granite;

4. Devonian Rocks of the Plutonic Suite (plutonic)

a) D1m - two mica granite of northern and southeastern N.H.

Appendix I includes a list of well log data for North Hampton. Map D depicts
the locations of the 10 wells that are located outside the stratified drift
aquifers previously identified. Each of these 10 wells are drilled in bedrock
at depths ranging from 80 to 425 feet. Discharges from these wells ranged from
3 to 40 gallons per minute.

Radon

Radon contamination in water from bedrock wells has recently become a concern
throughout the U.S. Radon is a colorless, odorless, cancer-causing gas produced
as uranium (typically occurring in trace amounts) decays. This gas escapes
from water once it is brought up from the ground. For example, when a shower
is used in a home with radon-containing water, radioactive gas diffuses into
the air.

Several years ago New England was surveyed for its susceptibility to radon using
remote sensing techniques. A map was produced from this project entitled:
"Generalized Bedrock Geologic Map of New England with Emphasis on Uranium Endow-
ment and Radon Production," W.J. Olszewski, Jr. UNH, 1986. Around this time
the U.S.G.S. drafted a map (unpublished, but available for inspection at the
State Geologist Office) showing the uranium concentration in rocks throughout
New England. In April 1989, the State Geologist devised a "radon susceptibility
rating" system for the bedrock types in the region, based on the probability
of radon occurrence. This rating system ranged from "Very Low" to "Very High".
The bedrock types listed above and shown on Map C have been rated as follows:

ZOr(z) = High Oe9 = Very Low
ZOrb = Medium D1m = Very High
OZK = Medium

Potential Groundwater Supplies

Groundwater is a very valuable resource for the Town of North Hampton. For
decades, it has been the source of water for individual wells and the Hampton
Water Works Company. Groundwater has the potential to provide the Town with
drinking water for many generations to come. However, as North Hampton has
learned from experience, the resource is vulnerable to contamination or depletion
if not properly managed and protected.

Groundwater quality can be impaired by a variety of materials. Sources of ground-
water contaminants include landfills, commercial and industrial wastes, agricul-
tural fertilizers, human sewage, road salting, etc. Groundwater quantity is
reduced by contamination of available groundwater supplies, over-pumping in
the aquifer zone, and increasing impervious surfaces such as roof tops and
parking lots, thereby preventing recharge of the aquifer. These threats to
groundwater are discussed further herein (see Section III).

Each of the four Hampton Water Works Company wells in North Hampton and three
public water systems are located within the Town's aquifer areas. The "northwest
aquifer" contains three of the Hampton Water Works Company wells; the "northeast
aquifer" contains two public water systems; the "central aquifer" contains one
public water system; and the "southern aquifer" contains one of the Hampton
Water Works Company wells. Otherwise, the groundwater within the aquifer areas
is primarily used for private homes and some businesses.

North Hampton's "northeast" aquifer also contains several potential pollution
threats directly within its boundaries. These include: the Coakley Landfill;
a State of New Hampshire covered salt pile just over the Rye Town line; and
two concentrations of subsurface sewage disposal (from the North Hampton Mobile
Home Park and Granite Post Green Mobile Home Pa).

North Hampton's "central" aquifer also contains several potential pollution
threats near its periphery. These include pesticide application on the Sagamore
Hampton Golf Club on the northern edge of the aquifer; the concentration of
subsurface sewage disposal (from the Shel-Al Mobile Estate); and several active
gravel pits.

Aside from several gravel pits, the remaining aquifers have no potential threats
located within their boundaries. A full description of these threats is pre-
sented within Section 111, entitled -Identification of Potential Threats to
Water Resources", and on Map E "Existing Potential Pollutant Sources", contained
herein.

Map F "Generalized Zoning" shows that North Hampton's Industrial Business Zone
overlays most of the "northeast" aquifer, about half of the "southern" aquifer
and a portion of the "central" aquifer. Given the extent of vacant land within
these aquifer areas, and the rapid development along Lafayette Road which runs
through three of the aquifers, there is high potential for further commercial,
industrial, and residential development. Map G "Generalized Future Land Uses"
indicates that no expansion of the Industrial Business Zone into known aquifers
is planned. Low density residential is the preferred use of the aquifer areas
not already covered by commercial or industrial uses. The Town should continue
to closely scrutinize and monitor development in these areas in order to prevent
potential groundwater contamination or depletion.

As the Hampton Water Works Company continues to expand its water system, it
seems likely that additional wells would be located within the "northwest"
-northcentral" or "central" aquifers. The company is presently drilling test
wells in the "northwest" and "central" aquifers exploring for viable well sites.
Contamination plumes from the Coakley Landfill site may reduce the feasibility
of using the "central" aquifer because large withdrawals may speed up the plume's
migration toward this area.

The USGS expects to publish information regarding North Hampton's aquifer some-
time during 1990. This report will quantify important pumping factors, such
as water table elevation, saturated thickness, transmissivity, direction of
groundwater flow, and water quality. This data will assist in determining which
aquifers are best suited for additional water supplies. Also the U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency is expected to complete its study of the Coakley Land-
fill and recommend remedial actions to be taken. This information will have
a definite impact on the potential use of the aquifer.

North Hampton's most practical source for additional water supplies is from
its aquifers because of their accessibility and, in certain cases, their rela-
tive purity. It is therefore necessary for the Town to protect its aquifers
by enforcing measures which will promote groundwater recharge and reduce the
risk of contamination, This course of action will help to safeguard an excellent
source of drinking water forthe future residents of North Hampton.

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III. IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL THREATS TO WATER RESOURCES

Potential Nonpoint Pollutant Sources

A. Within North Hampton

1. Existing Potential Pollutant Sources:

Nonpoint sources of pollution involve the diffuse discharge of wastes from
sources which are widely spread, difficult to identify, and hard to
control* Nonpoint pollution is typically produced from land runoff during
times of rain and snowmelt.

The following is a general list which briefly describes potential nonpoint
pollution sources, and their associated mitigation techniques, within the
Town of North Hampton:

Table 4
Noupoint Pollutant Sources and Remedies

Source Remedy

subsurface sewage disposal replacement and/or relocation;

agricultural runoff best management practices, e.g., concrete
manure pits, no winter manure-spreading,
etc.;

road salt storage and approval salt sheds, decrease salt to sand ratio,
emphasize mechanical snow removal using
plows, graders, etc., reduce frequency
of application; increase use of calcium
chloride and other de-icing chemicals;

storm runoff from construction erosion control measures e.g., haybales,
sites silt fences, straw mulch, etc.;

storm runoff from parking lots catch basins which trap grit, oil and/or
grease;

sediments from silted-in maintenance programs
catch basins and detention ponds

application of lawn fertilizers integrated pest. management, e.g., soil
and pesticides testing, biological pest control, timing
of lawn care, etc.

runoff/leachate from junkyards drainage colle cti on/ treatment systems,
and abandoned landfills and proper disposal of hazardous
materials, e.g. battery acid, gasoline,
etc. with a certified hauler;

leaking underground storage remove abandoned tanks, monitor and
tanks regulate existing tanks;

snow dumping into water bodies prohibit snow dumping in or near surf ace
waters (as well as wetlands, aquifer
recharge areas, or gravel pits).

The following paragraphs describe the potential nonpoint source pollutant cate-
gories which were evaluated for the Town of North Hampton in the "Inventory
of Groundwater and Surface Water Potential Nonpoint Pollution Sources," (Water
Supply and Pollution Control Division, New Hampshire Department of Environmental
Services, February 1982).

Information was also taken from the "Waste Site Inventory", maintained by the
Waste Management Division of the New Hampshire Department of Environmental
Services, dated September 1987 (the most recent inventory available). Examples
of specific existing land uses that represent potential nonpoint pollutant
sources are depicted on Map E, "Existing Potential Pollutant Sources".

a. Primary Groundwater Impacts

1. Subsurface Disposal Concentration: A concentration of subsurface
sewage disposal was identified at the North Hampton Mobile Home
Park and the Shel-Al Mobile Estates. Since that study was com-
pleted a third mobile home park, Granite Post Green, was built.
.All three parks are located along the northern half of Route
1.

2. Waste Disposal Sites:

Coakley Landfill: The site, near the Rye town line west of Route
1, was formerly used for solid waste disposal. From 1972 until
1982, the landfill accepted municipal solid waste from North
Hampton, Portsmouth, Rye and New Castle. From 1983 to 1985,
Pease Air Force Base deposited incinerator ash at the site.
The facility was closed in 1985 after volatile organic compounds
were found in nearby private wells. The landfill is on the En-
vironmental Protection Agency's Superfund cleanup list. Moni-
toring wells are in place around the closed landfill and the
N.H. Department of Environmental Services ordered in May of 1989
that a six inch layer of gravel be used to cover exposed piles
of ash.

The reader is referred to the numerous studies prepared by the
EPA concerning the Coakley Landfill, copies of which are available
for inspection at the North Hampton Town Library and Town Offices.

Dumps: The f ormer Town dump is located of f South Road west of
Route 95. For many decades this dump was the site of open
burning. According to the State Solid Waste Plan, the dump has
not been properly closed. The land is now owned by the State.
In addition, a 5.74 acre parcel of land off of Cherry Road serves
as a brush dump for the Town.

3. Salt Pile: North Hampton has two salt piles located in the com-
munity. Approximately 100 tons of salt used for Town roads is
stored in a concrete shed near the Public Works garage. The
State Department of Transportation has a covered salt pile in
a shed at its garage on South Road, west of Route 95.

4. Salted Roads: North Hampton has a policy to use as little salt
as possible on all their roads. A mixture of salt and sand is
used on major roads during severe storm conditions. (State main-
tained highways (N.H. Routes 95, 1, 1A, 101D, 151, Winnicut Road,
Walnut Avenue, Hobbs Road, and Mill Road-south of Atlantic Avenue)
are salted as necessary during the winter months.)

b. Primary Surface Water Impacts

5. Erosion Sites: Construction sites covering a large area (i.e.
greater than one or two contiguous acres) can cause significant
erosion problems if control measures are not properly placed
throughout the site, especially on sloping land.

6. Snow Dumps: The 1982 "Inventory ..." identified a Town snow
dumping location near the Town Offices, however, that practice
has been discontinued. No snow dumping now takes place in North
Hampton.

7. Pesticides: The only holder of a permit from the N.H. Department
of Agriculture for pesticide application is the Sagamore-Hampton
Golf Club on North Road.

2. Future Potential Pollutant Sources

a. Near Term - The North Hampton Planning Board has recently given
approval to the following plans:

1) A 13,900 square foot retail building on Lafayette Road. along
with the removal of 3300 yards of loam;

2) Renewal of a permit for a gravel pit on Birch Road which is in
the "central" aquifer;

3) Renewal of a permit f or a gravel pit on Lovering Road which is
in the "northeast" aquifer;

b. Long Term - Map F, "Generalized Zoning" shows that a short section
of the Little River runs through land that is zoned as Industrial
Business. In addition three of North Hampton's aquifers are within
the Industrial Business District to varying degrees. When reviewing
future developments within this district, runoff from commercial and
industrial sites should be considered as potential sources of nonpoint
pollution to groundwater and surface waters.

Generalized future land uses for North Hampton are shown on Map G,
"Generalized Future Land Uses'. The Future Land Use Chapter does not
recommend any expansion of the Indust rial-Busines s District, so no
new commercial or industrial uses would be allowed in any new areas
over identified aquifers. The plan does recommend the adoption of
an aquifer protection district to provide protection to these areas.
Nothing proposed in the plan would increase the potential pollutant
hazards in North Hampton.

B. Contributing Areas Outside of North Hampton

In determining the areas outside of North Hampton which exhibit potential
threats to the Town's water resources, it was appropriate to categorize
North Hampton's water resources into surface water and groundwater.

1. Surface Water - Winnicut River and Little River Watersheds

a. Existing Potential Pollutant Sources

The Towns of Hampton and Stratham have the greatest impact on the
Winnicut River before it flows into Greenland and back into Stratham.
The Hampton portion is low density residential areas (1 acre per dwel-
ling) and undeveloped woodlands and wetlands. The Stratham portion
contains a large industrial park which is connected to the Exeter
public sewer and water systems. The remaining portion of Stratham
is undeveloped woodlands and wetlands and low density residential
areas (minimum 1 acre per dwelling).

For the most part, Little River starts in North Hampton and therefore
has no identified pollution problems outside of Town. The one un-named
branch that begins in Hampton runs through an undeveloped area.

b. Future Potential Pollutant Sources

Hampton's 1985 Master Plan identifies the future land uses of the
areas affecting the Winnicut River as being low density residential
(1 dwelling per acre) and conservation/ open space areas. Hampton
has a Special Flood Hazard Area Ordinance and a Wetlands Conservation
District (which identifies poorly and very poorly drained soils and
establishes buffer areas within 501 of wetlands), both of which protect
land in this area. In 1988 the Hampton Board of Selectmen proposed
to rezone this area to industrial at the request of the Hampton Indus-
trial Development Commission. This amendment was defeated by the
voters by a wide margin after being strongly opposed by some Hampton
residents who lived in the area and by many North Hampton citizens
and officials.

Stratham's 1985 Master Plan identifies the land along its border wi th
North Hampton as being industrial in the south and low density residen-
tial in the north. Without careful setting and control of industrial
uses, surface runoff and process wastes can present a potential threat
to the water quality of an abutting river. Stratham's water resources
are protected by a Floodplain District Ordinance, a Wetland Conserva-
tion District Ordinance and a Shoreline Protection Ordinance that
includes the land within 1501 of the Winnicut River.

2. Groundwater

a. Existing Potential Pollutant Sources

North Hampton's aquifers extend into Rye, Greenland, Stratham and
Hampton. The aquifer areas contained within these four communities
consist primarily of low density residential development with the
exceptions of commercial development along Route I in Rye and Hampton.
The Stratham and Greenland portions have no public water or sewer
service, while Hampton has public water and sewer service and Rye's
portion has public water from the Rye Water Districto

The Town of Rye has the greatest impact on North Hampton's "northeast"
aquifer. According to the Waste Site Inventory (previously cited),
Rye has three potential threats within 0.5 miles from the North Hampton
Town line;

1) A State of New Hampshire covered salt pile just over the Town
line;

2) An abandoned landfill which operated for more than 50 years;

3) An active dump that has been ordered closed by the State of New
Hampshire;

The Town of Stratham has two potential threats near the "northeast"
aquifer. Both are pesticide application sites in the Winnicut Hills
area (identified by the N.H. Department of Agriculture). -

All of the communities surrounding North Hampton participate in the
Seacoast Area Mosquito Control (SAMC) program. The spraying of insec-
tides along residential streets is considered to be a potential non-
point pollution source, as identified by the 1982 Inventory (previously
cited). Even though the chemical used has a half-life of only 90
minutes, the use of a non-toxic insecticide should be considered within
the aquifer areas.

b. Future Potential Pollutant Sources

Future land use information for aquifers extending beyond North Hamp-
ton's boundaries is based on the master plans and zoning ordinances
of Hampton, Stratham, Greenland, and Rye.

The "southern" aquifer shared with Hampton is zoned as commercial,
multi-family residential and medium density single-family residential,
and is recommended to continue as such in its Master Plan. However,
the Hampton Master Plan recommended the adoption of an aquifer protec-
tion district in this area and this was approved at the 1989 town
meeting.

North Hampton's "northwest" aquifer is shared with Greenland and Strat-
ham, and the "northeentral" with just Greenland. Their master plans
recommend low density residential (one unit per acre) in Stratham
and medium density residential (two units per 60,000 square feet)
in Greenland.

A large portion of North Hampton's "northeast" aquifer extends into
Rye. The Future Land Use section of Rye's Master Plan recommends
this aquifer area to be used for highway oriented commercial along
Route 1, rural residential (1 1/2 acres per dwelling unit), and semi-
rural (1 acre per dwelling unit).

Point Pollution Sources

Information provided by the Water Supply and Pollution Control Division
in May 1989 indicates that there are no permits issued in North Hampton
under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)
for surface water discharges.

Information provided by the Groundwater Division in May 1989 indicates
that no permits have been issued in North Hampton for groundwater
discharges under the N.H. Code of Administrative Rules (Ws 410).

f@@k s-

As of April 1989, the N.H. Department of Environmental Services has
identified 47 underground fuel storage tanks, at 20 sites throughout
North Hampton. The capacity of these tanks range from 500 to 10,000
gallons, while the ages range from brand new to 7 years.

Detailed data relative to tank location (by street address), owner's
name, tank number, capacity, type of product stored, and the tank's
age is presented in Appendix III, "Inventory of Underground Storage
Tanks." The underground storage tanks within North Hampton are single-
walled and have no leak detection systems. All of the tanks are con-
structed of asphalt-coated steel. See Map E f or the location of the
20 underground storage tank sites.

IV. ASSESSMENT OF GROWTH IN DEMAND FOR WATER

Projected Growth in Demand for Water

In June 1987, the Water Management Bureau, of the N.H. Department of Environ-
mental Services I Water Resource Division, initiated the Water User Registration
and Reporting Program. The objective of the program is to gather accurate data
on the major uses of the State's water and the demands placed upon aquifers,
streams, and rivers. To accomplish this objective, all facilities which use@
an average of 20,000 gallons (or more) of water per day must register with the
Division. According to the Bureau's latest list, (October 1988), the Town of
North Hampton has no users of 20,000 gallons of water per day.

The lack of detailed data on water usage makes it extremely difficult to quantify
water consumption and to identify changing trends in water use. An attempt
was made to calculate the gross daily consumption from residences using household
and population data published by the N.H. Office of State Planning. In 1987,
North Hampton's estimated population was 3,799 persons with approximately 2.7
persons per household; which translates into 1407 households. Assuming that
the average household contains three bedrooms, and using one standard of 150
gpd per bedroom (source: "Subdivision and Individual Sewage Disposal System
Design Rules", N.H. DES, Water Supply and Pollution Control Division, April
1987), North Hampton residences used 633,150 gallons of water per day in 1987.
The same calculation was used to project residential water demand for the year
2000. With a projected. population of 5,629, an average household size of 2.43
persons, and 2,316 households, North Hampton residences will use 1,042,200 gpd
during the year 2000.

The water demand for the non-residential sectors will be entirely dependent
upon the types of commercial or industrial uses located within North Hampton
and whether or not they are water-intensive uses. A vast majority of the exis-
ting non-residential uses are connected to the public water system. At this
point, however, it is assumed that the residential water demand will account
for the majority of North Hampton's water usage during the next 10 to 20 years.
During this time, the bulk of North Hampton's water demand will be met by the
Hampton Water Works Company.

At present, there are three public water systems in North Hampton, none of which
are considered to be "community" water systems by the N.H. Water Supply
Engineering Bureau. There are no residential community water systems in Town
and none are expected because of the availability of water from the Hampton
Water Works Company. Private wells are expected to continue to serve the low
density residential uses outside of the public water system service area*

V. DESCRIPTION OF THE INFRASTRUCTURE

A. Septic System Usage

Using 1987 OSP population estimates, approximately 3,799 residents are
served by septic systems. North Hampton has no municipal sewer system
and is not planning on developing one in the foreseeable future. According
to the North Hampton Health Officer, the number of permits issued to repair
failed septic systems was 2 in 1989 (May); 20 in 1988 and 32 in 1987.
In addition, the Town, with the assistance of the University of New Hamp-
shire, is investigating the presence of high coliform. counts in stormdrains
in the Route 1 and Atlantic Avenue area. Identifying the source and cor-
recting the problem is a high priority for North Hampton.

North Hampton has a high potential for growth in its number of septic sys-
tems. Given the expense of wastewater treatment facility construction,
and the diffuse development pattern in much of Town, it is probable that
all future development (during the next 10 years) will be served by septic
systems. In May 1989, the possibility of the Town of Rye connecting into
the Town of Hampton's wastewater treatment plant by running a line through
North Hampton along Route 1A was discussed by the Boards of Selectmen of
the respective communities. Preliminary information indicates the need
for the construction of a pump station in North Hampton and the capability
of residences along Route 1A to be able to tie into the system. Obviously
this proposal involves complex negotiations between the communities and
could take years to arrange if it occurs at all. Once this option has
been decided, this section of the plan should be updated.

North Hampton's zoning prohibits septic system or leaching field construc-
tion within 75 feet of any wetland. The large amount of wetlands in Town
will restrict the placement of septic systems in many locations.

North Hampton's future land use map shows the areas along the Little River
and Winnicut River being planned as "Cons ervati on/ Open Space". This area
would most likely exclude septic systems as well.

B. Soil Potential Ratings

In March 1980, the USDA Soil Conservation Service (SCS) and the Rockingham
County Conservation District (RCCD) developed a manual entitled: "Soils
Information For Resource Planning - North Hampton, New Hampshire." This
manual provided guidelines for land use based on soil types.

Using national standards, virtually all of North Hampton's soil types have
received a "severe" rating for septic system development. In fact, there
are only a few soils throughout Rockingham County that are not classified
as having "severe" limitations for septic system development. In light
of this, the Rockingham County Conservation District and the USDA Soil
Conservation Service developed a more meaningful set of land use guidelines
based on soil types.

In May 1987, the "Soil Potentials for Development - Rockingham County"
manual was published. Five soil potential classes were provided: very
high, high, medium, low and very low. Low potential is assigned to those
soils having severe soil limitations, with costs of design measures ex-
tremely high or prohibitive.

Map H, "Soils Suitability for Septic Systems" depicts the general areas
of North Hampton which have different soil potentials for septic system
development. Soils with low and very low potential were mapped because
they had limitations due to steep slopes or high water tables (as well
as high shrink-swell properties, short depths to bedrock, and stoniness).

C. Solid Waste Disposal

The Town of North Hampton operates a stumplbrush dump on a 5.74 acre parcel
on Cherry Road. All other solid waste is transferred to the Maine Energy
Recovery Corporation (MERC) waste-to-energy plant in Biddeford, Maine by
private haulers that provide curb-side pick up. The stump/brush dump has
a life expectancy of 1 to 5 years according to the State's Solid Waste
Management Plan (1988). No closure plan has been completed for the site.

The Coakley Landfill, now closed, was the site formerly used for solid
waste disposal. From 1972 until 1982, the landfill accepted municipal
waste. From 1983 to 1985, Pease Air Force Base deposited incinerator ash
at the site. The facility was closed in 1985 after volatile organic com-
pounds were found in nearby private wells. The landfill is on the Environ-
mental Protection Agency's Superfund cleanup list. Monitoring wells are
in place around the closed landfill and the N.H. Department of Environmental
Services ordered in May of 1989 that a six inch layer of gravel be used
to cover exposed piles of ash.

D. Public Water Supply

Map D shows the location for three public water systems, all of which draw
from groundwater* None of these systems is considered to be a community
water system as defined by the N.H. Water Supply Engineering Bureau. Each
of these systems are within the service area of the Hampton Water Works
Company and could tie in if they desired.

North Hampton's most significant public drinking water supply, in terms
of service area and persons served, is the water system operated by the
Hampton Water Works Company. Three gravel-packed wells and one bedrock
well are located in North Hampton and along with four wells in Hampton
and one in Rye, they combine to provide the water source for the entire
system. The safe yield of the wells in North Hampton totals 1.77 million
gallons a day (MGD) while the total for all the system's wells is 4.47
MGD. Due to the lack of precipitation in recent years and heavy summer
usage, the demand at peak times exceeds the capacity. Restrictions on
water use have been imposed during the past two summers because of the
problem. The water company is actively searching for new groundwater
supplies to alleviate the situation. In June of 1989 an additional well
site was located off of Exeter Road, behind the tennis courts in North
Hampton. Early estimates indicate a possible safe yield from this gravel-
packed well of 0. 3 KGD. Even if this well goes on line during 1989, it
will not eliminate the deficit. Future demand f or water can only be met
by developing additional water sources.

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In a report entitled, "The Hampton Water Works Company Comprehensive Plan-
ning Study - October 1985", the water quality of the supply is discussed.
Water quality for all wells is described as "generally good'. In North
Hampton the Crenshaw well and the Coakley well show slightly elevated levels
of iron and manganese but low enough not to require removal. These two
wells are treated with sodium hexametaphosphate and all the wells are
treated with sodium hypochlorite.

The service area of the system within North Hampton is shown on Map A-2.
The system serves 923 homes and businesses in the central part of town.
Three storage tanks in Hampton and one in Rye provide storage capacity
for the system. The total capacity for the system is 2.065 million
gallons, No problems with water pressure in North Hampton were cited in
the 1985 water company planning study previously referenced. Fire f lows
are also considered to be more than adequate. The water system is fully
metered and meters are replaced when they are more than 10 years old.
A leak detection program is in place using company owned equipment. A
survey is done twice a year and when a leak is suspected. Customer costs
are based or a constant rate of $1.784 per 100 cubic feet of water used
as determined by the meter reading, plus a service charge based on meter
size.

The Hampton Water Works Company's plan for expansions and upgrade of
facilities is outlined in it's 1985 planning study. Plans to construct
an elevated storage tank off of Mill Road in northern North Hampton are
in the design phase. Construction of an additional well near Exeter Road
has previously been explained and the plan calls for a future well between
Cherry Road and Birch Road. Also several mains are scheduled to be enlarged
to improve the distribution system.

Regarding possible future interconnections with other systems, the planning
study suggests working with the municipal systems in Rye and Seabrook to
develop interconnections that would be beneficial to all parties. Connec-
tions to the Exeter municipal water system is less likely because of the
distance between mains.

VI. DESCRIMON OF EXISTING PROGRAMS AND POLICIES

Each ordinance and regulation in North Hampton was reviewed for the purpose
of identifying the elements of each which have the potential to impact on any
of the following eight water resource parameters (WRP):

1) Erosion and sedimentation;
2) Surface water flows;
3) Groundwater recharge;
4) Management of existing and potential contaminant sources;
5) Flood storage;
6) Encroachment on wetlands;
7) Nutrients levels; and
8) Wildlife and fisheries habitat.

c- e

Wetland Conservation Areas (Article IV, Section 409): This section limits the
use of and encroachment on wetlands which have been identified as tidal wetlands
or inland wetlands (very poorly and poorly drained soils) using the standards
of High Intensity Soil Survey (HISS) mapping for New Hampshire. Adopted in
1979, the ordinance has been amended on two occasions, the last being 1988.
The intention of the ordinance is to accomplish the following selected purposes
which relate specifically to water resources:

a) To prevent the destruction of natural wetlands which provide flood
protection, recharge the ground water supply, and the augmentation
of stream flow during dry periods (WRP #1, 2, 3, 5, and 6);

b) To control the development of structures and land uses on naturally
occurring wetlands which would contribute to pollution of surface
and ground water by sewage (WRP #1, 4, 6, and 7); and

c) To preserve wetlands for other ecological reasons such as those cited
in RSA 483-A (WRP #1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, and 8)

One section of the wetlands ordinance that is especially important to the protec-
tion of water resources is section 409.4, which provides for a 75-foot buffer
between wetlands and structures or impermeable surfaces. The North Hampton
Wetlands Ordinance has the potential to impact each of the eight water resource
parameters.

District Regulations (Article IV, Section 410): These provisions require a
75 foot buffer between any wetland and a septic system or leaching field and
requires state approval of a septic system and leach field prior to a building
permit being issued. This pertains to WRP #4 by managing potential contaminant
sources (namely septic systems). Potential nutrient levels (WRP #7) in ground
and surface waters may also be reduced through this provision.

Filling of Non-Wetland (Article IV, Section 412): Any f illing of land of more
than 5000 cubic yards must be approved by the Planning Board. The purpose is
to " ... protect its ecology, water supply and natural aesthetics ... " This
provision allows control of erosion and sedimentation (WRP #1) and may also
be helpful in preventing negative impacts upon flood storage (WRP #5) and en-
croachment on wetlands (WRP #6).

Quarries, Gravel Pits and Sand Pits (Article V, Section 511): Regulates excava-
tion activities and requires Planning Board approval and annual renewal of per-
mits. Applicants must provide information on details on drainage and "the eleva-
tion of the highest annual ground water table within or next to the proposed
excavation". The regulation of potentially harmful activities in sand and gravel
areas can impact on groundwater recharge and management of potential contaminant
sources which in this case could be gasoline or oil from machinery in the pit
leaking into the groundwater (WRP #3 and 4).

Subdivision Regulations

Authority (Section I B): This section requires a subdivision plat to show sur-
face drainage and utility services that conform to Town standards (WRP #1, 2,
4 and 7).

Issuance of Decision - Disapproval (Section III J3): This section permits the
Planning Board to disapprove a plat that would involve danger or injury to
health, safety or prosperity by reason of the lack of water supply and drainage,
among others (WRP #1 and 2).

Specific Requirements (Section III M): This regulation requires that all drain-
age and sewerage facilities be installed in accordance with specifications and
that an "as built" plan be provided. A surety is required to cover the cost
of making these improvements (WRP #1, 2, 4, and 7).

Other Requirements (Section IV D(5)): Requires appropriate measures to be taken
so that uses will not aggravate flood hazards (WRP #5).

Other Requirements (Section IV D(6)): Requires connection to public sewer if
available or prove that the area of each lot is adequate to permit the installa-
tion and operation of an individual sewerage disposal system (WRP #4 and 7).

Other Requirements (Section IV D(7)): This section requires the installation
of adequate drainage facilities (WRP #1 and 2).

The Preliminary Layout (Section V): The preliminary plan must show water
courses, ponds, standing water, existing water mains, sewers, culverts, drains,
means of providing water supply, disposal of sewerage and surface drainage and
culvert designs (WRP #2, 3, 4, 6 and 7).

Street, Drain and Sidewalk Construction Standards (Section VII A-5, 6, 8): This
section details the construction standards for storm drainage including design
standards, pipe sizes, catch basin designs and inspection requirements (WRP
#1, 2, and 5).

Mobile Home Parks (Section VII): Among the standards for mobile home parks
are the requirements that each space shall have an attachment for water from
a supply source that meets local and state regulations and an attachment for
sewage disposal that is in compliance with all local and state regulations (WRP
#4 and 7).

Si. te PIlan-Revi-ew -- Re.gu11.ati.ons

Section 11-8: This section requires site plans to contain information on
existing and proposed elevations and elevations for the first and second stories
of the proposed structure if located in a flood prone area (WRP #1 and 5).

Section 11-9: The site plan must contain information on storm water and roof
drainage, how runoff will be contained and assurances that additional runoff
will not adversely affect abutters (WRP #1 and 2).

Section II-10: The septic plan must be shown on the site plan (WRP #4 and 7).

Bui lding Code

North Hampton's building code is included in the Zoning Ordinance , All cons t ruc-
tion must comply with the last revisions of the BOCA Building Code and Fire
Prevention Code. The building code has no substantial direct impact on water
quality or quantity.

Hea t nance

The Town of North Hampton does not have a health ordinance per se. However,
there are many ordinances and regulations which pertain to public health, i.e.
standards for septic systems. In addition,, the Town has an appointed Health
Officer and Assistant Health Officer who assist in the administration of these
local health-related laws, as well as State regulations in accordance with RSA
147.

VII. ANALYSIS

Analysis Regarding Water Supplies

The task of assessing whether the existing water supplies are adequate for the
next 5 to 10 years is complicated by the fact that the Hampton Water Works Com-
pany (HWWC) is a private company serving three communities. As calculated in
Section IV, entitled "Assessment of Growth in Demand for Water", North Hampton
is projected to need over a million gallons of water a day in the year 2000
just to serve its residential population. If the new well of f of Exeter Road
produces as expected, the safe yield from the five wells in North Hampton will
be approximately two million gallons per day. Even if commercial and industrial
water demands dramatically increase in North Hampton, there should still be
a surplus of water in Town. However, this analysis ignores the fact that water
pumped in North Hampton is part of a three town system and likely ends up serving
HWWC customers outside of North Hampton. Also to be considered is the possi-
bility that one or more of the existing wells could be rendered unusable by
contamination.

As the HWWC's planning study (previously referenced) and Section IV D explains,
the company does have expansion plans. The limits of expansions for the company
are tied to the number of potential customers per unit of distance and the asso-
ciated economics of such an expansion. Availability of water could also be
a variable. The summary of well completion reports in Appendix III indicates
that, of 27 wells reported as being cdmpleted between January 1984 and February
1988, 89 percent of these wells had yields of three or more gallons per minute,
generally accepted as being sufficient for typical domestic needs. Since the
majority of wells are outside of the identified aquifers, it must be concluded
that adequate groundwater supplies exist in virtually all areas of North Hampton.

Analysis Regarding Other Water Resource Purposes

a.' Discharges: Section III described two significant sources of potential
groundwater contamination: Coakley Landfill and the former Town Dump on
South Road. Each of these sources warrant groundwater monitoring, in order
to assess whether or not their discharges are significantly contaminating
the surrounding groundwater. Groundwater monitoring wells are already
in place around the Coakley Landfill, but none have been installed at the
dump site.

The potential septage problem in the area around the intersection of Route
I and Atlantic Avenue (discussed in Section V-A) raises the possibility
of serious assimilation difficulties in at least this one section of Town.
The results of the UNH study should help to expand the scope of knowledge
regarding potential contamination problems in similar situations. In the
case of groundwater discharge little is generally known about groundwater
flow, volume and withdrawal.

There is little information available regarding potential assimilation
problems for North Hampton's surface water bodies. The assimilative capa-
city of a waterbody is calculated based on its physical and biological
characteristics and the character of the proposed discharge *

Detailed studies of the assimilative capability of groundwater and surface
water would logically fall under the State's duties since it issues dis-
charge permits and has greater technical and financial capacities than
municipalities.

b. Recreation: In 1977, the N.H. Office of State Planning published a study
entitled: "Wild, Scenic, and Recreational Rivers for New Hampshire."
Out of 67 other rivers being classified throughout the State, the study
classified the Winnicut River as a "Recreational River.- The study defined
recreational rivers as those: which provide outstanding recreational oppor-
tunities in natural surroundings. These rivers should be protected for
their natural qualities which can provide for a wide range of active and
passive outdoor recreation activities. Recreational rivers should: be
readily accessible; have high water quality; have enough water to provide
for fishing and canoeing; and be at least five miles long. Fishing,
canoeing and swimming are the most common recreational uses of the rivers
and streams in North Hampton.

The recreational opportunities, which are very valuable to North Hampton
are outlined in detail in the Recreation Chapter of the Master Plan.

C. Wetlands: There are several different types of wetlands, which include:
tidal marshes, meadows, shrub and wooded swamps, and bogs. Wetlands are
important, valuable, natural resources and worthy of protection from in-
appropriate use. They have been found, in general, to provide critical
ecological and socially valuable functions, including:

1) provide habitat and reproduction areas for plants, fish and wildlife;
2) help maintain ground and surface water levels;
3) act as flood water storage areas;
4) absorption and filtration of pollutants and sediments (caused by up-
stream erosion);
5) provide opportunities for recreation and education;
6) visual aesthetics.

The filling of and use of wetlands for building construction not only des-
troys wetlands and their benefits, but may lead to groundwater contamination
as well. Leaching fields constructed in filled areas are likely to be
placed too near the seasonal high water table below and to have an inade-
quate receiving layer for proper treatment of the septic system's effluent.

There is an ongoing need to protect wetlands in North Hampton. Statewide,
wetlands are under increasing development pressure due to the depletion
of the most developable land, Although the State of New Hampshire has
laws and regulations in place (RSA 483-A, administered by the Wetlands
Board and RSA 149 8:a, administered by the N.H. Water Supply and Pollution
Control Commission), they do not always provide the degree of protection
needed. For these reasons, local control over the use of wetlands should
remain in effect indefinitely. The Town of North Hampton has recognized
the importance of preserving wetlands, and has acted accordingly by estab-
lishing a Wetland Conservation Area Ordinance.

North Hampton is fortunate to have had prepared for it, through the N.H.
Office of State Planning Coastal Program, a series of aerial photographs
depicting wetlands at a scale of I" = 200'. The maps and an accompanying
report are entitled, "Phase 2 Report, Town of North Hampton, the Coastal
Wetlands Mapping Program, New Hampshire," prepared for the N.H. Coastal
Program Office of State Planning by Normandeau Associates, Inc., June 30,
1986.

d. Fisheries: The Little River is the most commonly fished water in North
Hampton. Each Spring the N.H. Fish and Game Department stocks the river
with either Eastern Brook Trout, Rainbow Trout, Brown Trout, or a combina-
tion of the three. The Brown Trout is an anadromous fish, meaning it mi-
grates up the river from the Atlantic Ocean to breed in fresh water. Al-
though not currently stocked in its North Hampton portion, the Winnicut
River in Greenland and the Great Bay are stocked with trophy fish such
as Pacific Salmon, Steelhead, Brown Trout and Atlantic Salmon.

North Hampton must safeguard its surface water quality in order to provide
the opportunity of sports fishing for present and future townspeople.

e. Wildlife Habitat: River, stream, and wetland corridors provide the richest
habitat for the greatest number of fish, wildlife, and flora. Fish and
wildlife populations cannot succeed within limited habitat confines. Native
wildlife must have travel lanes within their range, and waterfowl and other
birds need ground-level nesting habitat. Protection of these linear corri-
dors is essential to the stability of wildlife populations.

Riparian corridors (i.e., shorelands) also contribute much in terms of
recreational benefits, i.e. canoeing, hiking, fishing, birding, horse
trails, cross country skiing, picnicking, etc. Shorelands are also sensi-
tive due to flooding, erodibility, and proximity to open water. Moreover,
soil type and percent slope typically limits the development potential
of a shoreland area.

Areas of Town that have prime wildlife habitat potential are listed below
and shown on Map B as 1-4.

1. the Line Swamp area west of Route 95 and south of South Road;
2. the Winnicut River corridor;
3. the Little River Swamp; and
4. the area around Philbrick Pond.

f Hydropower: There are no hydropower producing dams in North Hampton, nor
are there plans f or any in the future. The hydropower market is not as
strong as it was ten years ago (during the height of the nation's energy
shortage) because of uncertain markets for electricity, environmental res-
trictions, and alternative power sources which are more economical.

Harnessing hydropower is not always benign to the fish, animals, and people
which use the impacted river. Hydro development can result in the loss
of productive habitat, degrade water quality, and cause direct mortality
of fish (especially juvenile fish traveling downstream) and other aquatic
organisms.

If any hydropower facilities are proposed in the future, no decision should
be made by Town officials until a thorough site review and evaluation is
performed. The cumulative impacts of hydropower dams along the river should
also be considered.

g. Fire Protection: As previously discussed in Section V D, the fire flow
provided by the HWWC water system is considered to be more than adequate.
Also plans to construct an additional elevated storage tank off of Mill
Road will provide better water pressure and storage capacity.

The Planning Board sends all large development plans to the North Hampton
Fire Department for their review and recommendations. This process is
helpful in insuring adequate fire protection.

h. Conflicting Uses: The only known potential conflict that exists between
competing uses involves the contamination plumes exiting the Coakley Land-
fill and possible future sites for HWWC wells. This depends on exactly
where the plumes of pollution are headed and what effect large groundwater
withdrawals may have on the migration pattern. Plans to contain the contami-
nation are still being finalized.

Management'of-Po'_'tential Threats

Section 111, "Identification of Potential Threats to Water Resources", presents
a full discussion of existing and permitted future land uses which pose threats
to water resources within North Hampton. A brief discussion of the Town's pri-
mary potential threats to identified water resources, including mitigation
measures, is presented below.

1. Landfills and dumps: The Coakley Landfill has the potential to pollute
more private wells than has already occurred, depending on the direction
the contamination plumes take. Cleanup of this site will be a lengthy
and expensive process that will be done under the direction of the EPA.
Town officials should continue to closely monitor the situation.

The former Town dump off South Road should be properly closed to prevent
any possible off-site contamination problems. Placement of monitoring
wells around the site should be considered.

2. On-site sewage disposal: Three concentrations of on-site sewage disposal
were identified in Section III. Each of these mobile home parks are located
in an identified aquifer. Since no municipal sewer system is planned,
these septic systems should undergo strict inspection and maintenance.

3. Road salting: A significant number of roads which overlay aquifer areas
are being salted during winter months. of particular concern is Winnicut
Road which travels over the "northwest- aquifer for its entire length,
and is less than 500 feet from three of the HWWC wells. In addition Route
I travels through the three most eastern aquifers and is 3000 feet from
the fourth HWWC well. Also Post Road travels through all of the aquifers,
except the "northeast" aquifer, as it winds its way through Town. The
potential well site behind the Town Recreation area on Exeter Road is less
than 1000 feet from Post Road. Since all these roads are maintained by
the State, the Board of Selectmen would have to work with Department of
Transportation officials to address the problem. Road salting should be
minimized, employing methods described in Table 4, especially along roads
that overlay aquifer areas.

Additional management and protection techniques for water resources are
described in the following section.

VIII. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR NEW OR REVISED POLICIES AND PROGRAMS

Nonregulatory Programs

It is recommended that the Town of North Hampton employ the following nonregu la-
tory programs in order to manage and protect its water resources:

1. Educational and informational programs should be developed in order to
provide the general public with an understanding of the operation, proper
use, and maintenance of septic systems and leach fields (i.e., regularly
pumping out septic tanks, avoiding disposal of hazardous or harmful wastes,
etc.) This would likely prevent unnecessary system contamination and
failures, thereby protecting surface and groundwater resources.

2. Develop a septic system inspection program, especially for aquifer recharge
zones, in order to ensure that these systems are adequately maintained.

3. Continue to promote and participate in the annual Household Hazardous Waste
Collection, sponsored by the Rockingham Planning Commission. For this
past year's collection, North Hampton's share of the costs was provided
from its dues to the Southeast Regional Solid Waste District.

4. Continue to appropriate money to the Conservation Commission's land acquisi-
tion fund to be used for the protection of land and water resource conserva-
tion areas. There are generally five different methods for protecting
these natural areas:

a) Land Purchase;
b) Option of Right of First Refusal;
c) Purchase and Resale;
d) Bargain Purchase;
e) Easements - Conservation Restrictions and/or
Purchase of Development Rights

At the 1989 Town Meeting it was voted to deposit 100 percent of the revenues
collected from the current use change tax in the Conservation Fund. Conser-
vation funds enable the Town to act on short notice when a valuable parcel
of land is threatened. This land may be of critical importance for pro-
tecting significant wetlands, shoreland, wildlife habitat, or recreational
areas.

5. The Conservation Commission should also seek land acquisition funding
through State and Federal grants (e.g. Trust for New Hampshire Lands, The
Land and Water Conservation Fund, and the Pitman-Robertson Fund through
the N.H. Fish and Game Department).

1, The Conservation Commission should continue to work with people who own
land having conservation potential by promoting the tax incentives asso-
ciated with the donation of land or easement restrictions. The Current
Use Assessment Program also provides tax abatements on parcels of 10 acres
or more or on "natural preserves" of any size.

7. The North Hampton Planning Board should work with their counterparts in
surrounding towns to promote land use planning practices which are mutually
beneficial to protect common watersheds, wetlands, and aquifers. North
Hampton may choose to develop intermunicipal agreements (pursuant to RSA
53-A) to protect these shared resources. During the 1989 session, the
N.H. Legislature approved Senate Bill 161 which authorizes agreements be-
tween municipalities to develop water resources management plans.

8. Develop a program to reduce the amount of road salt used, especially in
aquifer recharge areas. The following methods should be employed:

a) Emphasize mechanical snow removal;
b) Mix sodium chloride with calcium chloride and/or sand to reduce the
total amount of sodium chloride applied;
c) Periodically re-calibrate salt spreaders so that they apply the correct
amount of salt/sand mix; and
d) Post areas where reduced salting is practiced, which will encourage
drivers to reduce speeds and drive more cautiously.

9. Develop a program to inspect and maintain drainage control facilities,
(e.g. catch basins and detention ponds, and culverts) throughout Town.
If these devices become filled with sediment, they can no longer perform
their function.

10. Work with the Hampton Water Works Company to develop a program emphasizing
water conservation, especially in homes and businesses served by the water
system.

11. Encourage farms to employ Best Management Practices (BMP's) as prescribed
by the Soil Conservation Service. BMP's include storage of manure in con-
crete pits, and more efficient and better timed application of fertilizer
and pesticides.

12. Develop a water quality data base for monitoring contamination events in
both surface and ground waters throughout Town.

13. The Planning Board should be kept informed by the Rockingham Planning Commis-
sion regarding the availability and appropriateness of regional or State
water resource data.

The costs of instituting these nonregulatory programs are expected to be vari-
able, but relatively low. For example, any assistance provided by the Rockingham
Planning Commission is either at reduced cost or no cost, as part of North Hamp-
ton's annual membership in the Commission.

Costs associated with land conservation efforts involving donations of land
and easements would involve survey, legal, and recording fees. The outright
purchase of these lands or the purchase of development rights would obviously
entail substantially greater costs. Land conservation is discussed in greater
detail in the Conservation and Preservation chapter of the Master Plan.

Household Hazardous Waste collection and disposal costs, which can be expensive
even in a regional program, will likely be covered by the dues paid to the South-
east Regional Solid Waste District. Matching funds are available from the Waste
Management Division of the N.H. Department of Environmental Services.

These nonregulatory programs could probably be carried out by existing voluntary
and paid manpower. It should not be necessary to hire additional personnel
to conduct or supervise any of these activities with the possible exception
of #2, establishing a septic system inspection program.

Regulatory Programs

The Town of North Hampton enforces a zoning ordinance, a building ordinance
(BOCA), subdivision regulations, and site plan review regulations. All have
been reviewed and found to contain provisions specifically pertaining to water
resource protection.

All options for regulatory programs required by the Rules were considered, and
the following new or revised regulatory programs are recommended in order to
improve and/or enhance existing local water resource management and protection
mechanisms:

1. An Aquifer Protection Ordinance should be adopted by North Hampton to pro-
tect aquifers -identified on Map D as "Glacial and Postglacial Water-laid
Deposits". As explained in Section II, this information is from the N.H.
State Geologists office and its surfi.cial geology maps. This inf ormation
should be the source for delineating aquifers until the USGS Aquifer Delinea-
tion Maps are published in 1990, at which time they should be the primary
source.

The Planning Board, in consultation with the Conservation Commission and
the Hampton Water Works Company, should decide which, if not all, of the
five identified aquifer areas should be included in the overlay district
An examination of the aquifer ordinance, recently adopted by Hampton, shoul@
be made to insure a similar approach to protecting aquifers is maintained.
Assistance in preparing the ordinance can be obtained from the Rockingham
Planning Commission, which helped Hampton write their ordinance.

2. North Hampton should adopt a Shoreland Protection Ordinance to insure the
proper protection of shorelands and associated water bodies. This ordinance
would establish a minimum setback for specific uses from the mean water
mark of the Town's primary rivers and streams. The establishment of a
minimum standard will promote the following objectives:

1) Provide a safety zone to avoid flood damage;
2) Protect public waters from pollution;
3) Prevent erosion;
4) Conserve and protect aquatic and terrestial habitat associated with
riparian areas; and
5) Preserve and enhance those aesthetics values associated with natural
shoreland areas.

The North Hampton Citizen Survey done in July 1988 revealed that, of those
persons responding, 45 percent rated protecting rivers as very important,
the highest ranking of the twelve possible capital expenditures.

3. A Cluster/Open Space ordinance allows a development to concentrate a higher
density of dwelling units in exchange for committing an adjacent area to
be common open space in perpetuity. The Town should adopt such an ordinance
so that development can be directed away from areas of high aquifer re-
charge, shorelands, flood zones and wetlands. For a detailed discussion
of this concept, refer to the Housing Chapter.

4. Erosion and sedimentation control regulations should be adopted by the
Planning Board. These regulations provide standards and guidelines for
development planning, for the purpose of controlling erosion and preventing
sediment transport to wetlands and streams. The Rockingham County Conserva-
tion District has developed a model ordinance which the Town could use
as a starting point.

5. North Hampton should develop its own Underground Storage Tank (UST) regula-
tions. Requirements to be considered are as follows:

a) Require the removal of all abandoned tanks;
b) Ban all new underground heating oil tanks with a capacity of less
than 1,100 gallons. These tanks need not be registered with the N.H.
Water Supply and Pollution Control Division, thereby making them diffi-
cult to monitor and regulate;
c) Amend the Site Plan Review regulations to require development plans
to identify the location, type, content and capacity of each proposed
inground petroleum and chemical storage tanks in order to maintain
a current inventory.

The N.H. Water Resources Action Project has developed other such guidelines
which North Hampton could use to develop and administer a local UST regula-
tory program (source: "Guidelines for Controlling Underground Storage
Tanks-, Tools for Community Water Supply Protection, N.H. Water Resources
Action Project, 1985, prepared by Sharon F. Francis, N.H. Natural Resources
Forum, Sky Farm, Box 341, Charlestown, NH 03603).

6. Many communities have developed septic system regulations to tighten the
State's requirements. North Hampton should consider amending its zoning
ordinance to require septic system be designed to standards more stringent
then the State. Because of North Hampton's soil conditions which can result
in the rapid percolation of on-site sewage through sands and gravels, and
the potential for nitrate contamination, certain design requirements for
septic system construction should be made more stringent. Decisions on
which standards to increase and to what extent should be made in consulta-
tion with septic system design experts.

7. A State septic system inspector will issue a permit for a system that has
been evaluated (before covering) and found to operate properly. North
Hampton should grant a certificate of occupancy only after this State permit
has been received.

8. Amend the Zoning Ordinance to include a maximum coverage percentage for
commercial and industrial lots. This would provide for surface runoff
water to infiltrate into the ground and recharge local groundwater supplies.

I* Large subdivisions and the associated roads and drainage facilities can
have a negative impact on the environment, including water resources.
The Subdivision Regulations should be amended to require an environmental
impact study for large subdivisions to insure that the damage to the environ-
ment is minimized.

10. Amend the Subdivision and Site Plan Review regulations as follows:

a) Promote the use of catch basins designed to trap oil and sediments;
b) Encourage road designs which require less use of de-icing chemicals
(e.g. roads with minimal slope and/or turning radius, etc.);
c) Require that runoff be retained on-site and that no degradation of
water quality shall occur. This will provide for groundwater recharge
through the infiltration of retained water. This provision will also
safeguard abutting properties from increased flows which can cause
flooding and erosion damage.

11. North Hampton should amend its Zoning Ordinance to include the latest flood-
plain development standards as required by the Federal Emergency Management
Agency.

12. The North Hampton Conservation Commission should consider mapping and docu-
menting the prime wetlands as authorized under RSA 483-A;7, and
subsequently, recommend that their adoption as part of the Zoning Ordinance
in accordance with RSA 675:3. The State of New Hampshire Wetlands Board
is required to give special consideration to prime wetlands during their
review of dredge and fill permit applications. The wetland maps from the
State, prepared by Normandeau Associates are very helpful in identifying
areas to study. Field checking the accuracy of the maps and prioritizing
wetland values are the main tasks the Conservation Commission would have
to undertake.

13. The North Hampton Planning Board should consider requiring the minimum
lot size in certain sections of Town to be determined by ability of the
soils to handle the sewage. This would require amending the Zoning Ordi-
nance to specify that lot sizes would be a one acre minimum but could be
larger depending on the lot size required in the Subdivision Regulations,
which would also be amended.

Generally, the cost of preparing proposed amendments to regulations and
ordinances is minimal. Technical assistance can be provided at low or
no cost by the Rockingham Planning Commission or the Rockingham County
Conservation District. There would be some expense involved with complying
with the statutory requirements for the publication of hearing notices.
The Town should not need to hire any personnel for the preparation of the
proposed amendments to regulations and ordinances.

Since the goal of the surface and groundwater portions of this Plan is
to assure that local land use decisions resulting from this planning process
are based upon the most comprehensive and reliable scientific and technical
information available, it is important that all implementing ordinances
and regulations should include (1) a process which allows applicants for
local approvals to present documented scientific and technical information
which differs from the information used to prepare this Plan; and (2) the
implementing ordinances and regulations should also include mechanisms
which will enable local decision makers to consider the scientific and
technical information submitted by the applicants prior to making a final
decision.

APPENDIX I SUMMARY OF WELL COMPLETION REPORT DATA FOR THE TOWN OF NORTH HAMPTON 89/04/18
Map D WRB# NAME ROAD LATITUDE LONGITUDE ELEV DCOMP USE RSN TYPE TOTD BDKD CASING YTM YTD YTO SWL OVERBURDEN QC NOTE
1 180.0023 H. Carter 202 Atlantic Ave 425815 704939 80.0 86/10/12 1 1 1 142.0 32.00 42.00 3 1.00 6.00 123 2
2 180.0013 A. Westerback 8 Beau Monde Or 425808 705243 70.0 85/09/24 1 1 1 200.0 2.00 21.00 3 1.00 40.00 2 2
3 180.0010 F. Malone Beau Monde Dr 425811 705242 70.0 85/10/10 1 1 1 425.0 5.00 20.00 3 1.00 3.00 3 2 YL
4 180.0003 D. Bodi Beau Monde Dr 425814 705237 80.0 85/04/17 1 1 1 250.0 8.00 20.50 3 1.00 10.00 2 2 YL
5 180,0005 M & J Bldrs Birchwood Dr 425956 704806 100.0 85/06/11 1 1 1 140.0 9.00 21.00 3 50.00 2 1
180.0025 F. McKown 28 Cedar Rd 87/10/04 1 1 1 305.0 40.00 52.00 3 1.00 1.00 14.00 12-4 2
6 180.0007 R. Dronsfield Exeter Rd 425814 705306 60.0 85/08/07 1 1 1 140.0 13.00 23.00 3 5.00 4 2
180.0026 Landmark Bldrs Inc Goss Rd 88102/17 1 1 1 700.0 25.00 40.00 3 1.00 0.25 124 2 YL
7 180,0012 D. Knight Lovering Rd 425933 705224 80.0 85110/11 1 1 1 160.0 7.00 20.00 3 0.25 40.00 10.00 4 2
180.0017 J. Woodworth Mill Rd 86106/25 1 1 1 200.0 13.00 20.00 3 6.00 2 2
180.0015 R. Lavin North Rd 86/07/17 1 1 1 100.0 45.00 55.00 3 15.00 4 2
180,0020 J. Keach Post Rd 86109/11 1 1 1 300.0 20.00 35.00 3 3.00 2 2
180.0027 Tom Eckert Const Post Rd 88/01/14 1 1 1 205.0 25.00 35.00 3 1.00 4.00 20.00 4 2
8 180.0008 D. Smith Rte IOID 425822 705223 60.0 85/07119 1 1 1 180.0 23.00 36.00 3 25.00 4 2
9 180.0004 C. Pearson 76 South Rd 425754 705043 100.0 85/05/10 1 1 1 180.0 55.00 63.00 3 20.00 2 1
180.0018 R. Pearson South Rd 86/06/02 1 1 1 610.0 30.00 35.00 3 3.00 2 2
180.0024 A. Eaton South Rd 87/03/25 1 1 1 500.0 40.00 68.00 3 1.00 4-24 2
10 180.0011 Highway Patrol Shed South Rd 425816 705137 60.0 85/04/04 9 2 1 300.0 40.00 60.00 3 0.25 3.00 20.00 4 2
11 180.0002 N. Donais 46 Walnut Ave 425906 705118 60.0 84/08/22 1 1 1 120.0 60.00 3 7.00 3
180,0019 S. Acmand 98 Walnut Ave 86/08/09 1 1 1 200.0 81.00 3 1.00 30.00 5 2 YL
12 180.0006 B. Kensman Walnut Ave 425923 705227 100.0 84/11/20 1 1 1 80.0 5.00 19.00 3 30.00 1 2
180.0016 Simmon's Trust Walnut Ave 86/02/18 1 1 1 200.0 72.00 82.00 3 5.00 1-4 2
180.0022 B. Noble Winnicut Rd 87105/28 1 1 1 222.0 117.00 140.00 3 1.00 5.00 2 2
13 180.0009 J. Knowles 16A Woodknoll Or 425914 705014 100.0 85/10/28 1 1 1 120.0 30.00 64.00 3 50.00 2 2
180.0014 W. Brosseau Woodland Rd 84/07/05 1 1 1 300.0 9.00 24.00 3 5.00 4 2
180.0021 R. White Woodland Rd 86/08/05 1 2 1 362.0 12.00 30.00 3 1.00 60.00 3 2 YL
180.0001 J. Gavin Woodland Rd 84/01/03 1 1 1 182.0 3 13.00 3

APPENDIX II

TOWN: NORTH HX47M PLBLIC WATER SYSMM INVENTOTff DATE: 10/88
Vhter Supply Engineering Bureau
Vhter Supply & Pollution Q)ntrol Div.
Dept. of Environmental Services

EPA SYSTEM NAME 1ATrnJDK/LCNGITUDE OWNER'S NAME OWNER'S MAILING ADDRESS TGN TELZPWNE

1, N1777020 SAGAM)RE-Hk4yMN GOLF CUB 0425935/0705025 R.D. UFF 101 NORTH ROAD NCRTH HAMnW NH 964-5341

2, N1778030 PINE HAVEN NDTEL 0425936/0704900 WALTER WIUHE1M 183 1AFAYETTE ROAD NDRTH HAMFM NH 964-6187

3. N1778040 YJM MYM 430004/704832 LINCOLN HARRINGIX)N 223 IMA)= RQAD NORTH HAMFM NH 964--8183

APPENDIX III Page

EXETER AND HAMPTON'UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK DATA - 12 APR 1989
TANK .............. Facility Facility Facility Tank Tank Tank Status Product Material of Tank MONIT
Location City Location Name Location Street Age Capacity Description Description Construction Test WELLS
Perf

---------------- ------------------------------ -------------------------------- ---- --------- ---------------- -------------------- --------------- ----

01128161001 1 a NORTH HAMPTON BERRY TRANSPORTATION CO., INC. 24 WALNUT AVENUE OB 61000 Now In Use Petroleum - Diesel STEEL
01128161002 1 b NORTH' HAMPTON BERRY TRANSPORTATION CO., INC. 24 WALNUT AVENUE 06 3,000 Now In Use Petroleum - Gasoline STEEL

01128161003 1 C NORTH HAMPTON BERRY TRANSPORTATION CO., INC. 24 WALNUT AVENUE 04 1,400 Now In Use Petroleum - Gasoline STEEL

01121471001 2a WORTH HAMPTON COMMUNITY MOTORS 110 LAFAYETTE ROAD is 31000 Temp. Out-of-Use Petroleum - Gasoline STEEL

01121471002 2b NORTH HAMPTON COMMUNITY MOTORS 110 LAFAYETTE ROAD 15 31000 Temp. Out-of-Use Petroleum - Gasoline STEEL

0113142001 3a NORTH HAMPTON D.O.T. NORTH HAMPTON GARAGE RIE IOID 15 4,000 Now In Use Petroleum - Gasoline STEEL

01131421002 3b NORTH HAMPTON D.D.T. NORTH HAMPTON GARAGE RIE IOID 15 4,000 Now In use Petroleum - Diesel STEEL

01131421003 3c NORTH HAMPTON D.O.T. NORTH HAMPTON GARAGE RTE IOID 15 2,000 Now In Use Petroleum - Kerosene STEEL

01131421004 3d NORTH HAMPTON D.D.T. NORTH HAMPTON GARAGE RTE IOID 15 500 Now In Use Petroleum - Used Oil STEEL

01135271001 4a NORTH HAMPTON DRIVE IN GAS I MINI HART 180 LAFAYETTE RD. 6 10,000 Now In Use Petroleum -Gasoline STEEL N

01135271002 4b NORTH HAMPTON DRIVE IN GAS I MINI HART 100 LAFAYETTE RD. 6 10,000 Now In Use Petroleum -Gasoline STEEL N
01135271003 4c @NORTH HAMPTON DRIVE IN GAS I MINI MART 180 LAFAYETTE RD. 6 10,000 Now In Use Petroleum -Diesel STEEL N

01135271004 4d NORTH HAMPTON DRIVE IN GAS I MINI MART IBO LAFAYETTE RD. 6 5,000 Now In Use Petroleum -Gasoline STEEL N

0112749lool 5a NORTH HAMPTON 6 1 M CONST. CORP. 205 LAFAYETTE ROAD 07 21000 Now In Use Petroleum -Diesel STEEL

01127491002 5b NORTH HAMPTON 6 1 M CONST. CORP. 205 LAFAYETTE ROAD 07 3,000 Now In Use Petroleum -Diesel STEEL

0110144tooi 6 NORTH HAMPTON GIANT LIFT EGUIPMENT CO.,INC. 136 LAFAYETTE ROAD 8 4,000 Now In Use Petroleum -Kerosene STEEL
j
01128501001 7a NORTH HAMPTON HAMPTON AIRFIELD INC. ROUTE 1 0 5,000 Now In Use Petroleum -Gasoline STEEL U
After 518/85
01128501002 7b NORTH HAMPTON HAMPTON AIRFIELD INC. ROUTE 1 0 10,000 Now In Use Petroleum -Gasoline STEEL U
After 5/8/B5
0111670tool 8a NORTH HAMPTON HC MOBIL RT It 70 LAFAYETTE STREET 01 6,000 Now In Use Petroleum -Gasoline STEEL

01116781002 8b NORTH HAMPTON HC MOBIL RT 11 70 LAFAYETTE STREET 15 5,000 Now In Use Petroleum -Gasoline STEEL
0111678son 8c NORTH HAMPTON HC MOBIL RT It 70 LAFAYETTE STREET 15 4,000 Now In Use Petroleum -Gasoline STEEL

01116788004 8d WORTH HAMPTON HC MOBIL RI #1 70 LAFAYETTE STREET 02 -50.,Now In Use FUEL OIL STEEL

01129611001 9 NORTH HAMPTON LAMPREY BROS. INC. 63 ATLANTIC AVE. 07 4,000 Now In Use Petroleum - Gasoline STEEL
2202,ftl OaWH HANJ& LAMJWDTHERJM PLAN ATLANTIC AVE. 14 11000 Now In Use Petroleum - Gasoline STEEL U
lump i" M M = M M M M M,

Page 2

EXETER AND HAMPTON UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK DATA - 12 APR 1989
TANK .............. Facility Facility Facility Tank Tank Tank Status Product Material of Tank MONTT
Location City Location Hate Location Street Age Capacity Description Description Construction Test WELLS
Perf

---------------- ------------------------------ -------------------------------- ---- --------- ---------------- -------------------- --------------- ----

02202241002 1 Ob NORTH HAMPTON LAMPREY BROTHERS BULK PLANT ATLANTIC AVE. 27 500 Now In Use 12 FUEL OIL STEEL 0
01181011001 NORTH HAMPTON LINCOLN HARRINGTON 223 LAFAYETTE ROAD 15 21000 Pero. Out-of-Use 12 FUEL OIL STEEL U
02202841001 12 NORTH HAMPTON MCFARLAND REALTY 178 LAFAYETTE RD 1 1,000 Now In Use Petroleum - Used Oil STEEL U
01123901001 1 3a NORTH HAMPTON MEL'S TRUCK SALES, INC. 8 LAFAYETTE ROAD B 3,000 Now In Use Petroleum - Diesel STEEL N
01123901002 1 3b NORTH HAMPTON MEL'S TRUCK SALES, INC. 8 LAFAYETTE ROAD B 31000 Now In Use Petroleum - Gasoline STEEL N
01107721001 14 NORTH HAMPTON NORTH HAMPTON ELEM. SCHOOL 210 ATLANTIC AVENUE 19 51000 Now In Use 14 DIL STEEL
01111891001 1 5a NORTH HAMPTON WORTH HAMPTON GETTY RIE 1 15 21000 Now In Use Petroleum - Gasoline STEEL

01111891002 1 5b NORTH HAMPTON WORTH HAMPTON GETTY RTE 1 15 2,000 Now In Use Petroleum - Gasoline STEEL

01111891003 1 5c NORTH HAMPTON NORTH HAMPTON GETTY PIE 1 01 01000 Now In Use Petroleum -Gasoline STEEL

olillegloo4 1 5d NORTH HAMPTON NORTH HAMPTON GETTY RTE 1 15 5,000 Now In Use Petroleum -Diesel STEEL

onnegion 1 5e NORTH HAMPTON NORTH HAMPTON GETTY RTE 1 15 2,000 Now In Use Petroleum -Kerosene STEEL

01126081001 1 6a NORTH HAMPTON NORTH HAMPTON SUNOCO JCT. US ROUTE I I ATLANTIC AYE. 15 5,000 Now In Use Petroleum -Diesel STEEL

01126081002 1 6b NORTH HAMPTON NORTH HAMPTON SUNDED JCT. US ROUTE i & ATLANTIC AVE. 15 5,000 How In Use Petroleum -Gasoline STEEL

01126081003 1 6c NORTH HAMPTON NORTH HAMPTON SUNOCO JCT. US ROUTE I I ATLANTIC AVE. 15 5,000 Now In Use Petroleum -Gasoline STEEL

01126081004 1 6d NORTH HAMPTON NORTH HAMPTON SUNOCO JCT. US ROUTE I & ATLANTIC AVE. 15 5,000 Now In Use Petroleum -Gasoline STEEL

o113136lool I 7a NORTH HAMPTON NORTHEAST CARTAGE CO. INC. SOUTH RD. 10 5,000 Now In Use Petroleum -Diesel STEEL

01131361002 1 7b NORTH HAMPTON NORTHEAST CARTAGE CO. INC. SOUTH RD. 10 5,000 Now In Use Petroleum -Diesel STEEL
01131361003 1 7c NORTH HAMPTON NORTHEAST CARTAGE CO. INC. SOUTH RD. 10 1,000 Now In Use Petroleum -Diesel STEEL
onmam 1 7d NORTH HAMPTON NORTHEAST CARTAGE CO. INC. SOUTH RD. 10 1,000 Now In Use Petroleum -Gasoline STEEL
011023ttOOt 18 NORTH HAMPTON PIKE HAVEN HOTEL 183 LAFAYETTE ROAD 7 21000 Now In Use HEATING OIL STEEL
01108901001 1 9a NORTH HAMPTON POST ROAD GROCERY 92 POST ROAD 02 2,000 Now In Use Petroleum - Gasoline STEEL
01108901002 19b NORTH HAMPTON POST ROAD GROCERY 92 POST ROAD 02 31000 Now In Use Petroleum - Gasoline STEEL
@2B391@ IMAMPlqjndDWN QW HAMft NTIC ON. I ut - Gasoline STEEL
go NA lib M M M,

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