    [From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]

            GREAT LAKES INSTITUTIONS: A Survey of
                               Institutions Concerned with
       Coastal Zone   the Water and Related Resources
         Information
         Center                   in the Great Lakes Basin

                                                    June19B9
                                 'j,

                              Great Lakes Basin Commission
           14D                                             and
           1694
           A2        Great Lakes Ranel of the Committee on
           1969             Multiple Use of the Coastal Zone,
                       National Council on I'Marine Resources
                                and Engineering Development

                GREAT LAKES INSTITUTIONS

                          A Survey of Institutions Concerned With the Water
                           and Related Resources in the Great Lakes Basin

                              GREAT LAKES BASIN COMMISSION
                                              and
                              Committee on Multiple Use of the Coastal Zone

                        NATIONAL COUNCIL ON MARINE RESOURCES
                              AND ENGINEERING DEVELOPMENT

                                            June 1969

                                                                                                                                                      V

                                             For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office,
                                                                  Washington 25, D.C. Price 60 cents

                                                                       Foreword

                     The Great Lakes Basin Commission and the Great                   Marine and lacustrine activities in the Great Lakes
                  Lakes Panel of the Committee on Multiple Use of the              are forecast in two periodical publications, one for
                  Coastal Zone of the National Council on Marine Re-               Canadian work and one for work in the United States,
                  sources and Engineering Development have sponsored               entitled "Directory and Project Forecasts," and are
                  this publication as an aid to improved planning and              available from the Canadian Committee on Ocean-
                  management in the Great Lakes area.                              ography and Lake Survey District, U.S. Army Corps
                     The survey was designed to accomplish two pur-                of Engineers. These projects are coherent units of the
                  poses. First, it was meant to become a working tool              program of any agency directed to a definable ob-
                  for those actively engaged in studies of the Great               jective. The person in responsible direct charge is
                  Lakes. By providing a listing of institutions and their          usually reported.
                  programs, it was hoped to improve understanding,                    Though efforts were made to contact and include
                  communication and coordination in planning and                   all institutions concerned with the Great Lakes, the
                  management of the lakes and their related land re-               present work cannot be considered a complete listing.
                  sources. Second, the nature of the survey was estab-             Readers are encouraged to notify the Great Lakes
                  lished to give it value as an information source for             Basin Commission, Ann Arbor, Mich., of the names
                  those interested in the lakes and their institutions.            and addresses of organizations that have been omitted
                     The first section contains r6sum6s of institutions            for inclusion in future revisions.
                  that have programs or responsibilities for some aspects             It may appear from these descriptions that some
                  of the Great Lakes. The addresses of these institutions          of the duties of the agencies listed are conflicting or
                  and others are listed in appendix A. The addresses of            overlapping. This matter will receive further study, as
                  institutions having planning or coordinating respon-             a primary objective of the Great Lakes Basin Com-
                  sibilities are listed in appendix B. A partial listing of        mission is to coordinate activities of Federal agencies
                  useful publica@tions concerning the Great Lakes is               so as to preclude duplication of work where assigned
                  given in appendix C.                                             responsibilities may be overlapping.

                                                                  Acknowledgment

                          A survey of this nature could not have been pre-           appreciated. Acknowledgment is also made of the ef-
                        pared without the help and cooperation received from         forts o'f Mr. Jack Horton, University of Pennsylvania
                        the institutions listed herein. The time and effort they     Medical School, and Mr. Michael Long, University of
                        have given to provide the basic information is greatly       Michigan, in preparing this survey.

                        iv

                                                          Table of Contents
                                                                                                                      PT
                               Foreword  ........................................................                        ill
                               Acknowledgment     .................................................           *          iv
                               Table of Contents   ...................................................                   v
                               Introduction   ........................................................                   I
                               International-United States and Canada        ..............................              3
                                    International joint Commission     ...................................               3
                                    Coordinating Committee on Great Lakes Basic Hydraulic and Hydro-
                                         logic Data  ..................................................                  4
                                    Great Lakes Fishery Commission      ..................................               4
                                    Great Lakes Study Group and Federal Inter-Agency Committee             ......        5
                                    International Association for Great Lakes Research      ..................           5
                                    International Field Year on the Great Lakes     ........................             5
                               Canada   ..............    ..............................................                 7
                                    Canada Centre for Inland Waters       ..........   ......................            7
                                    Fisheries Research Board of Canada      ...............................              7
                                    Canadian Committee on Oceanography          ............................             7
                                    Department of Energy, Mines and Resources       ........................             8
                                    Department of Fisheries and Forestry     ..............................              8
                                    Department of National Health and Welfare       ........................             9
                                    Department of Public Works      ......................................               9
                                    Department of Transport    ............................              ........        9
                                    National Research Council of Canada       ..............................             10
                                    Ontario   ........................................................                   10
                                    Universities  ....................................................                   11
                               United States   .......................................................                   12
                                    U.S. Department of Agriculture     ...................................               12
                                    U.S. Department of Commerce        ...................................               13
                                    U.S. Department of Defense      ......................................               15
                                    U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare         .................          16
                                    U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development            ...............          16
                                    U.S. Department of the Interior    ...................................               16
                                    U.S. Department of Transportation      ................................              21
                                    Atomic Energy Commission       ......................................                22
                                    Federal Power Commission      .......................................                22
                                    National Council an Marine Resources and Engineering Development..                   23
                                    National Science Foundation      .....................................               23
                                    Smithsonian Institution    ..........................................                23
                                    Water Resources Council    .........................................                 23
                                    United States-States     ............................................                24
                                       Great Lakes Basin Commission     .....  :,.***'*''***'*'*'''*****''***            24
                                       Upper Great Lakes Regional Commission        ........................             25
                                    Interstate  ......................................................                   25
                                       Great Lakes Commission      .......................................               25
                               States and Universities   ...............................................                 26
                                    Committee on Institutional Cooperation     ...........................               26
                                    Illinois  .........................................................                  26
                                    Indiana   ........................................................                   27

                                                                                                                                      V

                                                                                                                         Page
                                     States and Universities- Continued
                                          Michigan   ......................................................              28
                                          Minnesota   .....................................................              30
                                          New York   ......................................................              31
                                          Ohio  ..........................................................               34
                                          Pennsylvania  ...................................................              36
                                          Wisconsin  ......................................................              37
                                     Private ............................................                                39
                                     Appendix A, Marine and Marine-Relatcd Organizational Addresses          ........    41
                                     Appendix B, Planning and Coordinating Organizational Addresses        .........     53
                                     Appendix C, Informational Sources     ....................................          57

                       Vi

                                                                 Introduction

                    The Great Lakes represent a natural resource of             Seaway and connect Lakes Erie and Ontario via the
                  immense value to the United States and Canada. Their          Welland Canal.
                  location in the heartland of the North American Con-            In 1966 a total of about 246,000,000 net tons moved
                  tinent and their deep water connection to the Atlantic        on the Great Lakes. Of this about 185,000,000 tons
                  Ocean through the St. Lawrence Seaway and the inter-          were domestic (within the United States or Canada),
                  connecting locks and channels greatly enhance their           47,000,000 moved between the two countries, and
                  economic significance. These five huge lakes form a           about 14,000,000 were overseas traffic. This repre-
                  large and complex system that includes its own distinct       sented a significant proportion of the waterborne com-
                  climate, geography, hydrology, and ecology. They are          merce of the two countries. In terms of ton miles, over
                  often referred to as the fourth seacoast, for their size      40 percent of all traffic on U.S. waterways moves on the
                  subjects them to forces of oceanographic dimension.           Great Lakes.
                    In geological terms the lakes are young. Their                The Great Lakes also serve as a source of water for
                  present forms were created during the Pleistocene era         municipalities and industry. Some 240 communities
                  by the glaciers that moved across the continent. As the       located on or near the lakes depend upon them for
                  glaciers retreated, the lakes underwent various changes       domestic water supply. In 1966 it was estimated that
                  before achieving the morphology by which we know              the water needs of 28 million persons were supplied
                  them today. The total Great Lakes Basin encompasses           by the Great Lakes. Some industries receive their water
                  about 300,000 square miles of which nearly one-third,         from municipal systems, but the aggregate capacity of
                  95,000 square miles, is lake surface. Samuel de Cham-         industrial pumpage from the lakes is approximately
                  plain, founder of Quebec city and first Governor-Gen-         three times the capacity of municipal pumping stations.
                  eral of New France, is credited with the discovery of the     This combined industrial and municipal pumpage
                  Great Lakes in 1615. During the next 200 years, the           averages 15,600 million gallons per day.
                  lakes provided water routes for voyagers and played an          Swimming, fishing, and boating are the region's
                  important role in the fur trade of North America. After       principal outdoor recreation activities. These activities
                  the War of 1812 and the improvement of access routes          are especially susceptible to the adverse effects of
                  in the 1820's, the region began to develop at a rapid         human activity on the lakes. As an example, prior to
                  rate. In 1810 the basin's population was about 290,000        the opening of the Welland Canal between Lakes Erie
                  people. By 1910 this had increased to nearly 14,000,000.      and Ontario, Niagara Falls had been an effective bar-
                  In 1960 more than 31,780,000 people were residing in          rier to the parasitic sea lamprey. The canal opened the
                  the Great Lakes Basin. There is no other region in            way for the lamprey to enter the upper lakes, where it
                  North America which matches its economic output.              nearly destroyed the populations of lake trout, white-
                  Development in the basin is characterized by extensive        fish, and burbcvt. The commercial fishery of the area
                  urbanization and industrialization.                           nearly collapsed, and sport fishing was severely limited.
                    A waterway of over 2,300 miles stretches from the             Chemical methods to control the lamprey have been
                  Atlantic Ocean to Duluth, Minn., making ocean ports           developed and are currently being used. The lamprey
                  of the great continental cities along the shores of the       population has been reduced to 10 and 15 percent of its
                  lakes. Though the Great Lakes themselves form vast
                  waterways, the shallow connecting channels, with their        previous highs in Lakes Superior and Michigan, respec-
                  falls and rapids, had long proven barriers against ship-      tively. Control measures are also being conducted on
                  ping. Attempts to improve navigation on the lakes             Lake Huron.
                  began when the North American Fur Co. constructed               The reduced population of lake trout and burbot-
                  a small lock on the St. Marys River at Sault Ste. Marie       the only abundant and widely distributed predators
                  in 1797. The present system of locks at the "Soo" is          of the lakes-created conditions favorable to the ale-
                  the busiest in the world and in the 9 months open             wife. Because of the lack of predation, the alewife be-
                  season carries more traffic than the Panama and Suez          came extremely abundant. This small herring-like
                  Canals combined when operating a full year. Other             marine fish also gained entrance into the Great Lakes
                  locks provide passage along parts of the St. Lawrence         through man's activity. The alewife presently dorni-

                                                                                                                                        1

                        nates Lakes Huron and Michigan where it has reached          hit in terms of deterioration of water quality and con-
                        nuisance numbers and created objectionable conditions        ditions in general. However, there are indications that
                        during massive die-offs. Hopefully, control measures,        Lakes Michigan and Ontario are also undergoing
                        including the lake trout restoration program and the         serious stress.
                        recent introduction of coho and chinook salmon, may             As the problems concerning the lakes have increased,
                        restore an ecological balance to the lakes and bring         so have the interests and concerns of people and or-
                        about a return of high-value species.                        ganizations. This has resulted in increased activity by
                          The lamprey and alewife are not the only problems          governments, organizations, and private citizens. In
                        facing the Great Lakes. The lakes also serve as re-          recent years the number of institutions concerned with
                        ceptacles for waste waters. Much of the water drawn          the Great Lakes has increased dramatically. Missions
                        from them is returned in a polluted condition. Over          sometimes are uncoordinated and overlapping and
                        the past few years, increased demands upon the lakes         cohesiveness and unity of purpose among these insti-
                        and the resources surrounding them have increased            tutions require strengthening.
                        their problems. With an ever growing pollution load,            The purpose of this review is to prepare a contempo-
                        other water uses are adversely affected, especially rec-     rary survey of institutions having responsibility for or
                        reation and fisheries. Pollution has become a major          interest in the Great Lakes which can be used as a tool
                        issue, and water quality is now one of the most serious      by these institutions to aid in reducing confusion and
                        problems in the Great Lakes. These problems are both         improving communication and coordination. In many
                        local and general, national and international. They          respects this work represents a revision and expansion
                        include diminished water quality, altered flora and          of the 1966 edition of "Aquatic Science in the Great
                        fauna, offended aesthetic senses, threatened human           Lakes," published by the Interagency Committee on
                        health and well-being, curtailed or precluded recrea-        Oceanography, Federal Council for Science and Tech-
                        tion, seriously damaged sport and commercial fisheries,      nology. The present work was compiled by the Great
                        and increased danger of irreversible changes in the          Lakes Basin Commission in conjunction with the Great
                        ecology of the lakes as eutrophication is accelerated.       Lakes Panel of the Committee on Multiple Use of the
                        Due to its nature and the population density around          Coastal Zone of the National Council on Marine Re-
                        its perimeter, Lake Erie has been the first and hardest      sources and Engineering Development.

                        2

                              International-United                                 States and Canada

                    Over one-third of the boundary between the United             use which is given preference over it in this order of
                  States and Canada transverses the Great Lakes. Be-              precedence:
                  cause of the nature of the lakes and their importance              (1) Uses for domestic and sanitary uses;
                  to the two countries, it has long been recognized that             (2) Uses for navigation, including service of canals
                  close international cooperation between the United              for the purposes of navigation;
                  States and Canada in the management and control                    (3) Uses for power and for irrigation purposes.
                  of the Great Lakes is beneficial to both countries. This           These provisions do not apply to or disturb uses of
                  cooperation is conducted through two international              boundary waters existing prior to the signing of the
                  commissions and other, less formal, institutions.               treaty.
                                                                                     When referring a problem for investigation, the
                             International joint Commission                       Governments usually state that the IJC may utilize the
                    The International joint Commission (IJC) is a                 services of engineers and other specially qualified per-
                  pennanent body that was established to carry out the            sonnel of the technical agencies of the United States
                                                                                  and Canada, as well as the information and technical
                  purposes of the Boundary Waters Treaty of 1909. It              data acquired or to be acquired by such agencies.
                  consists of six members, three from the United States           Thus, the IJC is able to select and deploy the most
                  and three from Canada. For administrative conven-               experienced and competent people in both countries
                  ience there is a Canadian section and a United States           and combine them in joint undertakings.
                  section, each with a chairman. Offices are maintained              It is the Commission's usual practice to establish an
                  in Ottawa and Washington.                                       International Board consisting of qualified personnel
                    The 1909 treaty gives the IJC responsibilities in two         from both countries to organize and coordinate the
                  general categories.                                             fieldwork and technical studies required. State and
                    The first of these responsibilities is to approve-or          provincial officials also may be appointed to such a
                  refuse approval-of all proposals for use, obstruction           Board, with the consent of their Governments. Much
                  or diversion of boundary waters on either side of the           of the investigatory work is done by governmental
                  international boundary which would affect the natural           agencies, under the general coordination and direction
                  level or flow of the boundary waters on the other side.         of the International Board. The Board keeps the IJC
                  All of the Great Lakes, except Lake Michigan, and               informed of its activities by frequent progress reports
                  their connecting channels are boundary waters as de-            and, on completion of its studies, files a final report.
                  fined in the treaty. The levels of Lake Superior and               After releasing the Board's report for study by all
                  Lake Ontario are regulated in accordance with Orders            interested persons and organizations in both countries,
                  of Approval that were issued by the IJC prior to con-           the IJC holds public hearings at which all interests
                  struction of regulating works at their outlets.                 have convenient opportunity to produce evidence and
                    The second general responsibility of the IJC under            express opinions on the Board's report or on any other
                  the treaty is to investigate and make recommendations           aspect of the problem that the Governments have
                  on specific problems along the common frontier which            referred to the IJC. Thereafter the Commission formu-
                  are referred to the Commission from time to time by             lates its own report and recommendations for submis-
                  the Governments of the United States and Canada.                sion to the two Governments. The IJC's report is not
                  Under this provision of the treaty the two Govern-              binding upon the Governments, who have the respon-
                  ments have made requests-or references-to the IJC               sibility for making the ultimate decisions.
                  on such varied subjects as water pollution, air pollu-             Current investigations in the Great Lakes Basin
                  tion, further regulation of Great Lakes levels and pres.        under IJC auspices include:
                  ervation of the American Falls at Niagara.                         (1) Regulation of Great Lakes levels-this is to
                    The treaty specifies the following order of prece-            determine whether further regulation would be prac-
                  dence which must be observed in the use of these                ticable and in the public interest, Such further regu-
                  waters, and directs that no use be permitted which              lation might be done to bring about a more bene-
                  tends materially to conflict with or restrain any other         ficial range of stage for domestic water supply and

                                                                                                                                             3

                     355-067 0-69-2

                          sanitation, navigation, power and industry, flood con-         flows over the falls for scenic purposes. Technical
                          trol, agriculture, fish and wildlife, recreation and other     studies are under the supervision of the International
                          beneficial public purposes. Technical studies are under        Niagara Board of Control.
                          the supervision of the International Great Lakes Levels          (7) St. Lawrence Seaway and Power Project-to
                          Board. The Board appointed a Working Committee to              supervise the operation and maintenance of the St.
                          prepare the necessary data and studies as requested by         Lawrence Seaway and Power Project and the coordi-
                          the reference to the International joint Commission            nate regulation of Lake Ontario water levels and out-
                          dated 7 October 1964. In July 1965 the Working Com-            flows. Technical studies are under the supervision of
                          mittee appointed three subcommittees to determine              the International St. Lawrence River Board of Control.
                          the effect of regulation on shore property, power and             Coordinating Committee on Great Lakes Basic
                          navigation and a fourth subcommittee to develop                           Hydraulic and Hydrologic Data
                          necessary regulation plans. A Regulatory Subcommittee
                          was established in September 1967 which is responsible           The Coordinating Committee on Great Lakes Basic
                          for carrying out the necessary studies of the regulatory       Hydraulle'and Hydrologic Data (CCGLBHHD) was
                          works required for various plans of regulation. In             established in 1953 in the interest of expediting the
                          June 1968 a Reports Subcommittee was appointed and             investigations of Great Lakes problems being carried
                          given the responsibility for preparing the final report        on by Canada and the United States. The objective
                          which is scheduled for completion by October 1972.             of the Committee is to determine, through joint studies
                            (2) Pollution of Lake Erie, Lake Ontario, and the            by appropriate Canadian and United States Govern-
                          international section of the St. Lawrence River-to             ment agencies, mutually acceptable values of basic hy-
                          deter-mine whether waters are being polluted on either         draulic and hydrologic data for the Great Lakes System
                          side of the boundary to the injury of health and prop-         during the period of record and in the future. The
                          erty on the other, the sources, extent and locations of        Committee established four subcommittees, Vertical
                          such pollution, and the most practicable remedial
                          measures. Technical studies are under the supervi-             Control, Lake Levels, Physical Data, and River Flow-
                          sion of the International Lake Erie Water Pollution            with representation from both Governments to carry
                          Board and the International Lake Ontario-St. Law-              on the studies.
                          rence River Water Pollution Board.                                       Great Lakes Fishery Commission
                            (3) Pollution in the Connecting Channels of the
                          Great Lakes Systems-to continue supervision as a                 The Great Lakes Fishery Commission (GLFC) is
                          means to insure accomplishment of the Water Quality            an international organization established by the Con-
                          Objectives recommended for these waters by the IJC             vention on Great Lakes Fisheries which was ratified by
                          in 1950 and accepted by the United States and Ca-              Canada and the United States in 1955. The Commis-
                          nadian Governments. Investigations and surveys are             sion has the followinor responsibilities:
                          under the supervision of the Advisory Board on Con-              (a) To formulate a research program or programs
                          trol of Pollution of Boundary Waters, Connecting               designed to determine the need for measures to make
                          Channels.                                                      possible the maximum sustained productivity of any
                            (4) American Falls at Niagara-to determine                   stock of fish in the convention area which, in the opin-
                          what measures are feasible and desirable to remove ac-         ion of the Commission, is of common concern to the
                          cumulated talus from the base of the falls, to retard          fisheries of the United States of America and Canada
                          or prevent future erosion and to preserve or enhance           and to determine what measures are best adapted for
                          the falls' beauty. Technical studies are under the sup-        such purpose;
                          ervision of the American Falls International Board,              (b) to coordinate research made pursuant to such
                          formed in August 1967.                                         programs, and, if necessary, to undertake such research
                            (5) Lake Superior levels and flows-to regulate
                          the water levels and outflows of Lake Superior through         itself
                          operation of a gated structure at the head of the St.            (c) to recommend appropriate measures to the
                          Marys Rapids near Sault Ste. Marie, Mich. Technical            contracting parties on the basis of the findings of such
                          studies are under the supervision of the International         research programs;
                          Lake Superior Board of Control.                                  (d) to formulate and implement a comprehensive
                            (6) Niagara River remedial works and diversions-             program for the purpose of eradicating or minimizing
                          to supervise the construction, operation and main-             the sea lamprey populations in the convention area;
                          tenance of remedial works provided in the Niagara              and
                          River under the 1950 treaty with Canada. The works               (e) to publish or authorize the publication of scien-
                          allow maximum power diversions around the falls                tific and other information obtained by the Commis-
                          while maintaining Lake Erie water levels and treaty            sion in the performance of its duties.

                          4

                     The Commission is composed of four members                     basic data. This responsibility is performed by the
                  from each country. The U.S. section of the Commis-                Great Lakes Regional Data Center of the U.S. Lake
                  sion is assisted by an advisory committee for each lake           Survey, Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army.
                  on which each bordering State is represented by not                 The Steering Committee of the GLSG includes a
                  more than four persons appointed by the Governor                  cochairman, an alternate to the cochairman and a
                  with due consideration to the interests of (a) the State          secretary from each country. It investigates problems
                  agency with jurisdiction over the fisheries, (b) the              through ad hoc task groups and committees such as
                  commercial fishery, (c) the sport fishery, and (d) the            the Data Processing Committee, Ships and Facility
                  public at large.                                                  Schedule Committee and Aid to Navigation Commit-
                     The Commission is required to make use of existing             tee, and provides working-level cooperation and fo-
                  agencies in the performance of its duties whenever pos-           rums for research purposes.
                  sible. It maintains a small staff or secretariat to carry           The Group is organized under the two cochairmen
                  out administrative and coordinating functions, and                who serve as chairmen to the respective sections of
                  supervise contracts. The formulation and coordina-                the Steering Committee. Each presides at Group meet-
                  tion of research is carried out through technical com-            ings in his country. Meetings are held semiannually and
                  mittees which have been established for each of the               meeting places are rotated between the two countries.
                  Great Lakes. These committees are composed of repre-                The U.S. cochairman of the GLSG organized a Fed-
                  sentatives from agencies engaged in fishery manage-               eral Inter-Agency Committee on Great Lakes Research
                  ment or research. Central committees advise the Com-              which has in its membership all U.S. agencies
                  mission on questions of major importance to the Great             with an active interest in the Great Lakes. This Com-
                  Lakes fishery as a whole.                                         mittee is concerned with keeping the Federal agencies
                     The two Governments are kept informed of the                   at the working level aware of what each is doing in
                  problems faced by the commercial and sport fisheries              Great Lakes research, with a view toward prevention
                  and recommendations submitted for transmittal to the              of duplication and establishment of cooperative pro-
                  appropriate agencies responsible for the regulation of            grams. Semiannual meetings are held by the Commit-
                  the fishery or engaged in research.                               tee; one in the winter to present detailed plans for the
                     Sea lamprey control is carried out by contracting              coming year's research and one in the summer to report
                  with the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries and                  on the conformance to plans and status of the activi-
                  the Department of Fisheries and Forestry of Canada.               ties. The Committee furnishes copies of the minutes
                  Regular treatment of streams in which sea lamprey                 of its meetings to the GLSG.
                  larvae are produced has reduced the lamprey popula-
                  tions in Lake Superior and Lake Michigan and im-                  International Association for Great Lakes Research
                  proved the survival of several important species of                 The International Association for Great Lakes Re-
                  fish. The control program was extended to Lake                    search (IAGLR) was formed in 1967 when it was de-
                  Huron in 1966.                                                    cided that a formal organization was needed to spon-
                  Great Lakes Study Group and Federal Inter-Agency                  sor the Conference on Great Lakes Research that had
                                          Conunittee                                previously been held under the auspices of the Uni-
                     The Great Lakes Study Group (GLSG) is an in-                   versity of Michigan's Great Lakes Research Division
                  formal international organization including represent-            and the Great Lakes Institute at the University of To-
                  ative of Canadian and United States agencies and                  ronto. The stated objectives of the Association are "the
                  institutions engaged in basic and applied research and            promotion of all aspects of Great Lakes research and
                  engineering investigations related to the development             the dissemination of research information through pub-
                  and utilization of Great Lakes water resources. The               lications and meetings." Member-ship is designed to
                  GLSG was formed October 1962 as the Lake Erie                     include engineers, economists, sociologists, political
                  Study Group and was later renamed the Great Lakes                 scientists, legal experts, regional planners, and psychol-
                  Study Group in recognition of the members' interests              ogists, as well as those in the natural sciences. Con-
                  in all the Great Lakes.                                           ference proceedings are published.
                     The primary purpose of this group is to facilitate the
                  exchange of information and to provide informal co-                  International Field Year on the Great Lakes
                  ordination among the various research activities re-
                  lating to the lakes and their basins. The group provides            The International Field Year on the Great Lakes
                  a forum for assisting and coordinating and eliminating            (IFYGL) is a joint United States-Canadian effort to
                  duplication. It also sponsors a data repository for the           focus hydrologic research on a Great Lake, Lake
                  acquisition, storage, retrieval, and dissemination of             Ontario. It is a portion of the world-wide Intema-

                                                                                                                                               5

                          tional Hydrologic Decade. The project is planned for          basin. Lake Ontario was selected as a test site on the
                          the period 1968-74 and includes an 18-month period            basis of the need for scientific information, public
                          of intensive field investigations starting in April 197 1.    interest, representativeness of the lake, quality of data,
                            The proposed objectives of the IFYGL are to in-             logistics, and operating costs. It is expected that the
                          vestigate in depth a number of basic physical problems        knowledge gained from this work will be useful not
                          associated with the hydrology, meteorology, physical          only in studies of the other Great Lakes but also for
                          linmology, and geology of a large lake and its drainage       many of the large lakes of the world.

                         6

                                                                      Canada

                    If the Great Lakes are important to the United                 A major objective of the Centre's research program
                 States, they are vital to Canada. Over 60 percent of           is to develop multidisciplinary water quality prediction
                 Canada's population and economy is concentrated                models of the Great Lakes and other Canadian lakes.
                 around the rim of the lakes and in the St. Lawrence               An Advisory Committee to the Centre is now (early
                 Basin. The importance of the lakes is reflected in the         1969) being formed which will consist of representa-
                 efforts and studies given to them by Canadian                  tives of Federal and provincial agencies, universities,
                 institutions.                                                  and the private sector of the economy.
                                                                                   The Centre has available the new lake research ves-
                           Canada Centre for Inland Waters                      sel, C.S.S. Limnos, designed for research in all aspects
                                                                                of limnology, lake geology, and water pollution. De-
                    The Canada Centre for Inland Waters (CCIW) is               signed for year-round operation, the Limnos has a
                 the major Federal interdisciplinary water resources re-        complement of 27, including I I scientists and tech-
                 search institute in Canada. It was authorized by the           nicians. On board laboratories permit physical, chemi-
                 Federal Treasury Board (a committee of the Cabinet)            cal, bacteriological and other biological studies.
                 with three Federal departments participating in the
                 development. These are the Department of Energy,                       Fisheries Research Board of Canada
                 Mines and Resources, the Department of National                   The Fisheries Research Board is a research organiza-
                 Health and Welfare, and the Department of Fisheries            tion established by act of Parliament for the purpose of
                 and Forestry (Fisheries Research Board). In addition,          conducting basic and applied research on Canada's
                 the Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada         living aquatic resources, their environment and their
                 has developed plans for university participation in       e    utilization.
                 work of the Centre. Laboratory and office space will be           The Board is under the control of the Minister of
                 provided for about 70 professors and graduate stu-             Fisheries and acts as Canada's research agent for
                 dents. As part of its designated responsibility for co-        lamprey research and control for the Great Lakes Fish-
                 ordinating Federal water programs, the Department              ery Commission. The act requires that "a majority of
                 of Energy, Mines and Resources coordinates the                 the members of the Board, not including the chairman,
                 activities of CCIW and arranges for support facilities         shall be scientists, and the remaining members of the
                 for all participating agencies.                                Board shall be representative of the Department [of
                    The Great Lakes Division of the Inland Waters               Fisheries and Forestry] and the fishing industry."
                 Branch of the Department of Energy, Mines and Re-                 The Board has established the Freshwater Institute
                 sources is carrying the main responsibility for initial        on the Campus of the University of Manitoba, Win-
                 development of the Centre which is located at Burling-         nipeg, Manitoba, with a special section dealing with
                 ton, Ontario. The permanent buildings will be com-             problems of eutrophication. The major Great Lakes
                 pleted in stages between 1970 and 1972. Until then, the        activity of the Board's eutrophication section is based at
                 Great Lakes Division and other components of the               the Canada Centre for Inland Waters, Burlington.
                 Centre are housed in a 25,000-square-foot trailer com-
                 plex. The present programs of the Centre and the                      Canadian Committee on Oceanography
                 Great Lakes Division involve research into physical,
                 chemical, geological, and biological processes in the             The Canadian Committee on Oceanography
                 Great Lakes. These are directed toward solutions of            (CCO) is an association of Federal Government agen-
                 problems posed by pollution, fluctuating water levels,         cies and universities that are actively concerned in
                 ice, shore erosion, etc. As the permanent buildings of         marine science and research and their application to
                 the Centre are completed, the programs will broaden            the oceans and large Canadian lakes. It includes four
                 to include studies of waste treatment processes,               university-based institutes that have formal provisions
                 hydraulics research, and socioeconomic studies. The            for pertinent postgraduate education and research.
                 programs will increase in geographical scope to include           The purposes of the Committee are to provide a for-
                 studies of fresh water resources throughout Canada.            um and channels of negotiation for voluntary coopera-

                                                                                                                                          7

                         tion and coordination of plans, resources, research and         These sections are supported by electronics and
                         applications and exchange of pertinent information.           mechanical engineering staffs and facilities, a data
                         The Committee organizes regional working groups               processing unit, a technical operation section, and in
                         on the model of the CCO to accomplish similar pur-            1968 one major vessel, the C.S.S. Limnos was oper-ated
                         poses at the regional level. The Great Lakes Working          by the Marine Science Branch on behalf of the Divi-
                         Group was forined in 1960.                                    sion. A second large vessel was chartered. At the same
                         Great Lakes Working Group                                     time, the Canadian Oceanographic Data Centre pro-
                                                                                       vides a vital service in handling the vast amounts of
                           The basic function of the Great Lakes Working               data being collected by CCIW scientists in their Great
                         Group (GLWG) is to bring together all interested              Lakes program.
                         Federal, Province, and university agencies which are            As the work on the IJC report on Lakes Erie and
                         carying out research work on the Great Lakes. This            Ontario is completed, elements of a long-term research
                         aids them in communicating programs of work, ar-              program are developing which involve development of
                         ranging coordination where it is profitable, and in           mathematical models for prediction of water quality
                         advising the Canadian Committee on Oceanography               and aspects of physical, chemical and geological proc-
                         on policy matters relating to Great Lakes research.           esses in the Great Lakes. The expertise being developed
                           In addition to the semiannual meeting of the mem-           in the Great Lakes studies is also being applied in other
                         bers, a field program subcommittee of scientists in-          major Canadian lakes.
                         volved in fieldwork meets annually or more frequently         Marine Science Branch
                         as necessary to exchange information and coordinate             Tides and Water Level Section
                         the details of fieldwork scheduled for the coming year.         The Tides and Water Level Section (TWLS) con-
                            Department of Energy, Mines and Resources                  ducts tide and water level studies to provide datum in-
                         Inland Waters Branch                                          formation for hydrographic, geodetic, and legal pur-
                                                                                       poses, and to provide tide and water level data for
                           Great Lakes Division.                                       Government and private uses. This Section is also
                           The scientific sections of the Great Lakes Division         concerned with several study and work groups deal-
                         are Chemical Limnology, Limnogeology, and Physical            ing with Great Lakes water level and vertical control
                         Limnology. The Chemical Limnology Section, in co-             problems. Activities include long-term water level fore-
                         operation with other agencies, collects and analyzes          casts, hydrodynamic leveling and the meteorological
                         data of monitoring cruises on the Great Lakes. The            conditions and manmade structures affecting lake
                         section studies trends in chemical composition of lake        levels.
                         waters and interactions within the lakes. The Physical          Presently, about 40 permanent gages are located
                         Limnology Section has been investigating the circula-         along the Canadian shores of the Great Lakes and the
                         tion and physical properties of Lakes Ontario and             international section of the St. Lawrence River to pro,
                         Erie in support of the IJC studies on pollution. Pro-         vide information for charting, navigation, and other
                         grams include temperature, turbidity and meteor-              purposes. These gages are maintained by the Water
                         ological monitoring efforts; measurements of air, mo-         Survey Division of the Inland Waters Branch (Water
                         mentum, and temperature flux by eddy correlation              Survey of Canada).
                         techniques from an 80-foot tower in Lake Ontario;               Flow and water levels of connecting rivers, the St.
                         spectral analysis of water level data in studying the
                         free surface modes of oscillation in the region; tem-         Lawrence River and tributaries to the Great Lakes are
                         perature and current meter moorings to study up-              measured by the Water Survey Division, Inland Waters
                         welling, the "coastal jet" phenomenon, and scales of          Branch, in a program developed cooperatively with the
                         motion encountered; remote sensing through thermal            Province of Ontario. In addition   ' sediment measure-
                         imagery as applied to pollution and limnologicaI              ment programs are conducted by the Water Survey.
                         studies, and techniques of value in the furthering of         Data are published regularly by the Department of
                         various mathematical models in the Great Lakes. The           Energy, Mines and Resources.
                         Limnogeology Section conducts extensive studies in all
                         four of the Great Lakes bordering on Canada, and in                  Department of Fisheries and Forestry
                         other Canadian lakes as required, of the movement
                         and deposition of sediments in lakes, the geochemistry          The Canadian Department of Fisheries and For-
                         of sediments and the role of the sediments on pollu-          estry's major responsibility in the Great Lakes region is
                         tion levels in the lakes. A special program in collabora-     providing manpower to conduct the Canadian sea
                         tion with the Fisheries Research Board is designed to         lamprey control program, providing funds to the Great
                         determine relationships between bottom fauna and              Lakes Fishery Commission and serving as a member of
                         sediment characteristics.                                     that commission.

                         8

                      Department of National Health and Welfare                   Ice Reconnaissance Section of the Basic Weather Di-
                                                                                  vision conducts flights over the lakes during winter.
                     The Department of National Health and Welfare's              Marine Weather forecasts are issued routinely by the
                   Division of Public Health Engineering is primarily             Forecast Office at Toronto International Airport.
                   concerned with the problems of water pollution,                  The Lakes Investigation Unit is responsible for the
                   especially where health aspects are concerned. A signif-       coordination of lakes research within the Meteorologi-
                   icant portion of the Division's recent work has involved       cal Branch and actually conducts most of the research
                   pollution studies on the Great Lakes. Current studies          projects and special observation programs. The unit
                   on the Great Lakes are being conducted under the               is also responsible for cooperation in lakes research
                   auspices of the International joint Commission. The            with other Provincial, Federal, and international de-
                   Division also has the responsibility for pollution control     partments and agencies and universities. Many Lakes
                   at Federal facilities, carries out basic and applied re-       Investigation Unit projects are in cooperation with
                   search, and acts in an advisory capacity to the prov-          other agencies or organizations. The unit has an active
                   inces. The Great Lakes portion of the Department's             program based at the Baie du Dore Research Station
                   program is now based at Kingston and Ottawa, but               (Lake Huron), operated by the Great Lakes Institute
                   will be moved to the Canada Centre for Inland Waters           of the University of Toronto. This program includes
                   in 1972. The lake studies (both bacteriological and            such facilities as lake towers, research craft, and shore-
                   chemical) undertaken by the Department were largely            line networks. In another major cooperative effort the
                   made from CCIW vessels. In the St. Lawrence River              Department of Transport (Marine) provides and oper-
                   area, the Department utilizes its own small boats.             ates the weather ship and research vessel C.C.G.S.
                                                                                  Porte Dauphine for the Great Lakes Institute and the
                               Department of Public Works                         Meteorological Branch. The unit also has a program
                                                                                  of monthly areal temperature surveys of each of the
                     The Department of Public Works is responsible for            Great Lakes bordering Canada using the airborne
                   the management and direction of the public works of            radiation thermometer technique. These data are used,
                   Canada except as specifically provided for in other            in part, to make monthly estimates of evaporation
                   statutes. Officers of the Department serve on several          losses from each of the Great Lakes and this informa-
                   boards and committees of the International joint Com-          tion will soon be added to the monthly basin precipita-
                   mission including the Niagara Board of Control, the            tion bulletins. At the present time much of the effort
                   American Falls International Board and the Intema-             of the unit is in support of the IJC studies on lake
                   tional Great Lakes Levels Board. To assess the effects         levels and of planning and preparation for the Inter-
                   of fluctuating water levels on all shore property, a           national Field Year on the Great Lakes.
                   complete survey and inventory on the Canadian shore-             In addition to the Lakes Investigation Unit pro-
                   line of the four Great Lakes has been carried out and          gram, the meteorological and oceanographic aspects of
                   evaluations are being made.                                    the multiagency wave study of Lake Superior are being
                     This Department also carries out dredging and                handled by the Atmospheric Research Section of the
                   harbor construction works programs in many Canadian            Branch's Research and Training Division.
                   harbors and channels. It is also responsible for ap-             The Hydraulics Studies Division of the Marine Hy-
                   proval of U.S. Army Corps of Engineers dredging                draulics Branch conducts engineering studies, re-
                   programs in the Canadian part of interconnecting               search, and planning related to marine transportation
                   channels of Great Lakes waterways.                             requirements in navigable waterways, particularly the
                                                                                  Great Lakes-St. Lawrence River system. The Branch
                                 Department of Transport                          and Division also provide engineering assistance to the
                                                                                  Intemational joint Commission through representa-
                     The Meteorological Branch of the Department of               tion on a number of its investigatory and control
                   Transport has weather observing, forecasting, and re-          boards and their committees, including the In-
                   search responsibilities on the Great Lakes. Active in-         temational Great Lakes Levels Board and the
                   volvement in lakes research was intensified in 1958
                   when the Climatology Division created a Hydro-                 International St. Lawrence River Board of Control.
                   meteorology Section. Within that section, a separate             A wave climate study has been initiated with joint
                   Lakes Investigation Unit was established in 196 1.             participation by the Department of Public Works and
                     The operation of the land networks around the lakes          the Department of Energy, Mines and Resources (in
                   is the responsibility of the Ontario Region, Air Serv-         particular, the Marine Sciences Branch). The Wave
                   ices, Department of Transport. The cooperating com-            Climate Coordinating Committee also includes rep-
                   mercial vessels are a joint responsibility of the Ontario      resentation from the Department of Transport, the
                   Region and the Marine Unit of the Basic Weather                National Harbours Board and the National Research
                   Division, Meteorological Branch Headquarters. The              Council. This study will be carried out on a national

                                                                                                                                          9

                          scale. Within the Great Lakes, projects have been                 stock, experimental trawling, and research in fishmeal
                          planned for locations in each Lake, plus further meas-            production.
                          urements from the C.C.G.S. Porte Dauphine.                           The Department's Research Branch assesses and
                            Other Branches of the Department having functions               undertakes research needs of the Department in areas
                          related to the Great Lakes Basin are: Marine Works,               not covered by other research agencies, and determines
                          which is responsible for aids to navigation and for               the fundamental facts on which natural resource man-
                          public wharves (except those administered by the Na-              agement should be based, methods to be used in pro-
                          tional Harbours Board) ; Marine Regulations, which                dmtion and maintenance of these resources, and yields
                          is responsible for pilotage, vessel safety inspection, pre-       to be expected in quality and quantity from specific
                          vention of oil pollution of Canadian waterways by                 treatment. Its investigations include research on fish
                          shipping, and related matters; and Marine Opera-                  populations, assessment of the effect of residual lamp-
                          tions, which is responsible for the operation of the              rey populations on natural spawning, selective breed-
                          Canadian Coastguard, including winter icebreaking.                ing of the brook trout-lake trout hybrid (splake) for
                          Most of these various departmental activities are man-            the rehabilitation of the Lake Huron fishery, and re-
                          aged through 11 district marine agencies. The Great               search into influences of environmental changes on the
                          Lakes area is served by the agencies at Prescott, Parry           fishery. The Research Branch is responsible for general
                          Sound, and Port Arthur, Ontario.                                  research in Lakes Huron, Erie and Ontario.
                                 National Research Council of Canada                           The Department has a continuing program of ac-
                                                                                            quisition of private lands for recreation, wildlife man-
                            The National Research Council of Canada provides                agement, parks, etc. A substantial part of the land
                          grants to individuals at a number of Canadian univer-             puXchases for these purposes front on the Great Lakes
                          sities for research in the Great Lakes, including bio-            in southern Ontario in order to meet the public de-
                          logical, limnological problems, lake circulation and              mand for access to water. Approximately 200 small
                          diffusion, water treatment processes, and water systems           boat anchorages comprising Crown land have been
                          analysis. The Council has also provided annual operat-            reserved for public use.
                          ing grants to support the work of the Great Lakes                    The Fish and Wildlife Branch is involved in fish
                          Institute.                                                        monitoring programs, exploratory fishing operations
                                                 ONTARIO                                    and industrial development projects. Studies concerned
                                                                                            with pesticide levels in fish and the effects of thermal
                            All of the Canadian waters of the Great Lakes and               pollution on the environment are either planned or
                          a portion of the St. Lawrence River lie within the                in progress. Two special fisheries management units,
                          Province of Ontario. This area includes about 41 per-             one on the Bay of Quinte and the other on Lake St.
                          cent or 122,000 square miles of the basin, of which               Clair, have been established. Other similar units are
                          about 34,000 square miles are water. About one-third              planned for the Great Lakes.
                          of the total Canadian population lives in Ontario.
                                                                                               Hydro-Electric Power Commission of Ontario
                                   Departincrit of Lands and Forests                           The Hydro-Electric Power Commission of Ontario
                            In 1946 the Game and Fisheries Department merged                is a corporate self-sustaining public enterprise endowed
                          with the Department of Lands and Forests, thereby                 with broad powers with respect to electricity supply
                          establishing a unified responsibility for the administra-         throughout the Province of Ontario. It operates under
                          tion of all living natural resources on Crown lands.              the Power Commission Act passed in 1907, as
                          The goals of the Department are to: (1) manage the                amended.
                          public domain for a sustained and increasing produc-                 The Commission is engaged in limnological in-
                          tion of resource materials to meet current and pro-               vestigations related to the development and operation
                          jected requirements; (2) provide for the disposition              of hydroelectric, thermal, and nuclear generating sta-
                          and acquisition of land in accordance with soundly                tions. Present activities include investigations of lake
                          based, long-range land use plans; (3) provide outdoor             currents and temperature, formation of ice and ex-
                          recreation opportunities through a network of provin-             tension of ice cover, observations of weed growth, and
                          cial parks and a fish and wildlife management pro-                chemical and biological investigations. Investigations
                          gram, and (4) provide advice and assistance to owners             are made at existing generating stations, as well as at
                          of land so that they may realize or provide the benefits          sites selected for future development on the shores
                          resulting from management.                                        of Lakes Huron, Erie, and Ontario, and on the St.
                            Department activities in the Great Lakes related to             Clair and Niagara Rivers. In the past the scope of
                          fisheries involve evaluation and assessment of the com-           the investigations was limited. Their main purpose
                          mercial fishery, licensing for recreational and com-              was to provide basic data for thedesign of certain hy-
                          mercial fishery purposes, management of natural                   draulic structures. The future program is likely to be
                          stocks, lake rehabilitation through planting of hatchery          expanded in the general environmental field.

                          10

                      The Commission is also active in connection with              vessel has a range of 3,000 miles, a crew of 18 and six
                   the IJC studies on control of Great Lakes levels.                technicians, and can accommodate up to eight scientists
                                                                                    in addition to the permanent staff. The Porte Dau-
                           Ontario Water Resources Commission                       phine, on her research work, sails approximately 25,000
                      The    Ontario     Water     Resources      Commission        nautical miles a year and operates all year round.
                    OWRC) administers an extensive program on pollu-                  The Institute maintains a fleet of five equipped
                                                                                    launches and operates them on behalf of university
                   tion control and water resource protection directed              researchers. It also maintains a research station at Baie
                   primarily toward the control of municipal and in-                du Dore on Lake Huron which provide facilities for
                   dustrial waste. It has a major responsibility for con-           limnological research. Facilities include a sheltered
                   struction and operation of waste and water treatment             harbor to accommodate small vessels of up to 4-foot
                   facilities and for enforcement of antipollution legisla-         draft, and living and working quarters for 22 men and
                   tion. The Commission is authorized to build, finance,            six women.
                   and operate sewerage projects at municipal request,                              University of Waterloo
                   subject to cost recovery through user service charges.
                   The Commission may also direct municipalities and                  Research in a wide variety of topics in water re-
                   industries to provide treatment facilities which will            sources is coordinated by the University of Waterloo,
                   meet Commission approved objectives.                             Water Resources Institute with individual member-
                      In the Great Lakes, the Commission is giving in-              ship from the Faculties of'Engineering, Physical and
                   creased attention to the analysis of lake waters in              Life Sciences, and Geography. In particular, research
                   near-shore major-use areas. Locations where uses con-
                                                                                    in physical lininology is principally carried out in the
                   flict are being given priority to permit development             Department of Mechanical Engineering with a further
                   and application of water loading limits. The OWRC                contribution from the Physics Department. The main
                   also actively participates in IJC pollution studies in           emphasis is on mixing procmes, windrows, surface
                   the Great Lakes and interconnecting channels.                    and internal wave phenomena, coastal jets, dynamics
                                       UNIVERSITIES                                 of lake currents and sea-air interaction. Programs in
                                                                                    the Department of Biology include biological and
                                    University of Toronto                           ecological studies of water within the Great Lakes
                                                                                    Basin and specific projects on the Great Lakes
                      The Great Lakes Institute of the University of                themselves.
                   Toronto is an integral part of the School of Graduate
                   Studies. The Institute is so organized that its facilities                          Other Universities
                   are available to other agencies or individuals working
                   on the lakes.                                                       The Universities of McMaster, Western Ontario,
                      The Department of Transport operates the research             and Windsor are known to have active programs
                   ship, C.C.G.S. Porte Dauphine for the Institute. This            related to the water resources of the Great Lakes.

                                                                                                                                             I

                       355-067 0-69-3

                                                                      United          States

                          Fifty-nine percent, or 176,000 square miles, of the            The water resource planning and development ac-
                       Great Lakes Basin lies in the United States. This com-         tivities of the Department are carried out principally
                       prises about 4 percent of the country's land area.             through its Soil Conservation Service, Forest Service,
                       About 115 000 square miles is land; the rest is water.         and Economic Research Service in coordination with
                       It is an urbanized, industrialized region containing 14        other agencies to avoid duplication. Other agencies
                       percent of the Nation's population. About 80 percent           within the Department have been authorized either
                       of the 29 million inhabitants are classified as urban          by legislation or Executive Order to work in the fields
                       residents. In 1963, manufacturing activities in the basin      of conservation, use and quality of the Nation's fresh
                       exceeded $40 billion-almost one-fourth of the Na-              water resources which bear on the broad field of ocean-
                       tion's total.                                                  ography. The Secretary of the Department is a mem-
                          Although the U.S. portion of the Great Lakes is             ber of the U.S. Water Resources Council.
                       owned by the States, the Federal Government has                Agricultural Research Service
                       definite statutory responsibilities in the basin, and both
                       Federal and State institutions are active in planning             Soil and Water Conservation Research Division
                       and management in the Great Lakes Region.                         This Division is engaged in a national program        of
                                                                                      research on soils, water, and watershed engineering.
                                  U.S. Department of Agriculture                      Included are investigations of amount, rate, and dis-
                                                                                      tribution of runoff and streamflow in relation to pre-
                          The Department of Agriculture (USDA) investi-               cipitation patterns, soils, and land use of agricultural
                       gates agricultural, rural and upstream water and               watersheds; ground water recharge; stream channel
                       related land resource problems and need for develop-           stabilization; amount, origin, transport, and deposition
                       ment. Consideration is given to the interrelationships         of sediments; engineering design of conservation struc-
                       of the upstream, downstream, and interlake needs and           tuXes; irrigation technology and water requirements;
                       problems. The problems analyzed include flood water            methods and materials for surface and subsurface
                       and sediment damage to rural lands and properties and          drainage; erosion mechanics and prediction of erosion
                       contribution to damage of downstream areas, impaired           rates; tillage methods, earth-moving techniques, plant
                       drainage of agricultural lands, agricultural drought           nutrition, cropping systems, and other land manage-
                       problems and irrigation requirements, water needs for          ment practices for watershed protection; water demand
                       livestock and rural domestic use, and, in addition,            for leaching of saline soils; physiologic processes and
                       water needs for recreational use, fish and wildlife            climatic and soil factors relating to use of water by
                       habitat improvement, and water requirements for agri-          crop plants; phreatophyte control; application and
                       cultural-based industries.                                     diffusion of pesticides; water harvesting by chemical
                          The Department analyzes potential water and re-             treatment or plastic covering of ground surface; reser-
                       lated land resource development in the upstream areas,         voir evaporation suppression by chemicals and other
                       including an analysis of water storage capacity, the           means; evapotranspiration from agricultural lands
                       effect of land use and management practices on water           and energy-balance phenomena related to water evap-
                       quality and flow characteristics, and the potential hy-        oration; snow accumulation and melting.
                       drologic effect of agricultural, rural, and upstream
                       developments.                                                  Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service
                          The USDA appr-aises the economic effects and con-              This Service is interested in protection of water sup-
                       seqwnces of development alternatives on the agricul-           ply sources and conservation of soil and water through
                       tural and related sectors of the economy, as well as           production and cropland adjustment programs and
                       beneficial or adverse effects of alternative combina-          Agricultural Conservation Program cost-sharing with
                       tions of structural and nonstructural measures as they         individual farmers. The cost-sharing program includes
                       relate to the scale of development and the resulting           such on-farm measures as terracing, stripcropping,
                       effect on economic activity and growth.                        water control structures, streambarik control measures,

                       12

                    small storage dams and reservoirs, agricultural drain-          phreatophyte control; snow management; evapotran-
                    age, and protective vegetative cover and tree planting          spiration from forest lands; watershed protection and
                    for soil and water conservation.                                erosion control; watershed rehabilitation; reforesta-
                                                                                    tion; engineering methods for soil and water control;
                    Economic Research Service                                       stabilization of mountain stream channels; logging
                       This Service participates in comprehensive river ba-         operations that provide maximum watershed protec-
                    sin planning and engages in research on the economics           tion; and the behavior and control of environmental
                    of natural resource use and development. In compre-             contaminants that could adversely affect the soil and
                    hensive river basin investigations, the Service develops        water of forests and ranges.
                    baseline projections of agricultural production, land           National Agricultural Library
                    use, and employment and income; analyzes agricul-
                    tural demand for land and water and economic needs                The Library is interested in publications on the con-
                    for development; and evaluates the economic impacts             servation of water as a natural resource; water pollu-
                    and implications of water resource development alter-           tion; water as related to agriculture, e.g., irrigation,
                    natives on the agricultural and related sectors of the          harvests, and effect on plants, soils, and animals; drain-
                    economy. This Service also carries out economic re-             age; flood control, hydrology, and watershed man-
                    search on farm production, marketing, and rural                 agement.
                    development.                                                    Soil Conservation Service
                    Farmers Home Administration                                       The Soil Conservation Service acts as the technical
                       The Farmers Home Administration makes loans                  service agency of the Department of Agriculture in
                    and grants for the construction of rural community              the field of soil and water conservation, watershed pro-
                    water and waste disposal systems serving rural resi-            tection and flood prevention, and resource develop-
                    dents. Loans are also made to local organizations to            ment, except on lands administered by the Forest Serv-
                    help finance irrigation and recreational facilities and         ice. It is responsible for administration of programs for
                    watershed projects. Grants are available to assist com-         watershed protection and flood prevention in the con-
                    munities which currently are without the resources              servation, development, utilization and disposal of
                    to pay for the development of official comprenhensive           water in upstream watersheds and activities in connec-
                    water and sewer plans in rural areas.                           tion with river basin investigations. It represents the
                                                                                    Department in interagency planning and coordination
                    Forest Service                                                  activities. It administers programs of financial and
                         Division of Flood Prevention and River Basin               technical assistance in water and related land resource
                              Programs                                              development to States and local organizations in the
                       This Division is involved in flood prevention and            small watershed projects. Assistance is provided for
                    river basin planning on Stateand private forest lands;          such purposes as watershed protection, flood preven-
                    hydrology; watershed management practices, plan-                tion, agricultural water management, recreation, fish
                    ning, and design, including effects of sediment and             and wildlife, municipal and industrial water supply,
                    erosion control, irrigation, planting and terracing, re-        and water quality management. A broader assistance
                    forestation, grazing control, and fire control.                 program to individual landowners and groups is pro-
                                                                                    vided through soil and water conservation districts to
                         Division of Watershed Management                           plan and carry out soil conservation and water man-
                       This Division's interest is in all phases of managing        agement measures. Technical facilities include hydrol-
                    the soil and water resources of National Forest System          ogy, soil surveys, erosion control, water yield and use,
                    lands; soil and hydrologic surveys; municipal supply            sedimentation, snow survey and water supply forecast-
                    watershed management; increasing water yields                   ing, in addition to engineering and economic planning
                    through snowpack management and vegetation manip-               of water and related land resources measures.
                    ulation; water quality management; restoration of
                    deteriorated watersheds; watershed protection; erosion                     U.S. Department of Commerce
                    control; water rights for national forest management;             The Secretary of Commerce is an associate member
                    and coordination of water resource development proj-            of the U.S. Water Resources Council.
                    ects with other National Forest System approaches.              Business and Defense Service Administration
                         Division of Watershed, Recreation, and Range                 The Business and Defense Service Administration
                              Research                                              (BDSA) was established by the Secretary of Com-
                       This Division is interested in water yield improve-          merce in 1953 to promote and develop the growth of
                    ment; reduction of water losses by manipulation or              U.S. industry and commerce and to prepare and ex-
                    removal of vegetation; soil-plant-water relationships;          ecute plans for industrial mobilization readiness. The

                                                                                                                                            13

                       agency has four major program areas: Industrial                 chant Marine Act, 1936, as amended, the Administra-
                       analysis, domestic business policy, technical business          tion is responsible for five groups of programs: (1)
                       services and defense production and industrial readi-           financial assistance to shipping, which includes oper-
                       ness. In addition to promoting industry and commerce            ating and construction subsidies, ship replacement,
                       in the Great Lakes Basin, BDSA also encourages busi-            vessel mortgage insurance, and cargo preference; (2)
                       ness participation in the achievement of national goals,        maritime operations, including reserve fleet mainte-
                       including pollution abatement.                                  nance, ship exchanges, charters and transfers; (3)
                          BDSA is participating in the preparation of the              maritime promotion, which involves cargo promotion
                       Great Lakes Basin joint comprehensive plan by inves-            and port development; (4) maritime training, which
                       tigating industrial water requirements and the effect on        includes operations of the U.S. Merchant Marine
                       withdrawal requirements of industrial growth, tech-             Academy and responsibilities for the five State mari-
                       nological changes, and industry water conservation              time academies, and (5) research and development,
                       practices.                                                      devoted to new systems development and to cost-
                       Economic Development Administration                             reduction projects.
                                                                                          The Maritime Administration has responsibility for
                          Public Law 89-136, 89th Congress, S.      1648, was ap-      promoting the development of U.S. ports and related
                       proved on August 26, 1965. The Congress, recogniz-              transportation facilities in connection with waterborne
                       ing that some regions, counties and communities were            commerce including (1) investigating territorial re-
                       not sharing in our national growing prosperity, created         gions and zones (hinterland) tributary to ports taking
                       the Economic Develohment Administration (EDA)                   into consideration the economics of transportation by
                       under the Commerce Department to cooperate with                 rail, water,highway, air, and pipeline and the direction
                       the States within such areas and regions of persistent          of the flow of commerce; (2) advising and assisting
                       unemployment and underemployment to enable such                 communities on the advantages of port improvements
                       areas to help themselves. Public works grants, loans,           and the appropriate location, construction, and types
                       planning and other technical assistance are available           of marine terminals and their cargo handling facilities
                       to States and political subdivisions, Indian tribes, and        in order to achieve the most economical transfer of
                       public and private nonprofit corporations, and loans            cargo between land and water carriers in connection
                       and loan guarantees are available to individuals to             with the flow of domestic and foreign commerce, and
                       allow the establishment of prosperous diversified local         (3) developing estimates of national port needs and
                       economies and improved local conditions.                        preparing long-range plans, as required, to the end
                       Environmental Science Services Administration                   that adequate port facilities may be established for
                                                                                       handling the foreign and domestic waterborne com-
                          As a part of its weather forecasting service, the            merce of the United States.
                       Weather Bureau of the Environmental Science Serv-                 Under contract with Southern Illinois University
                       ices Administration (BSSA) provides special forecasts           the Administration has an ongoing study, entitled "Port
                       for shipping and recreational boating interests over all        and Shipping Systems on the Great Lakes," to (1)
                       the Great Lakes. Forecasts cover general weather, but           assemble both technical and nontechnical information
                       emphasize wind and wave conditions. The forecasts               regarding all phases of activities in Great Lakes ports;
                       are made each 6 hours on a regular basis, with inter-           (2) show the influence of the St. Lawrence Seaway
                       mediate warnings as appropriate. Special forecasts also         in forming and reforming the ports and their water-
                       are made of the probable time of break-up of ice in the         bome dirrcted functions, and (3) give extensive details
                       lakes and the resulting opening of the navigation sea-          on many economic matters affecting a large number
                       son. Other forecasts cover the setup or rise in lake levels     of Great Lakes ports, including investigation of ter-
                       due to wind stress on the water surface. Supporting re-         ritorial regions and zones tributary to such ports.
                       search is conducted in all areas.
                          A research program is exploring the possibility of           Office of Business Econormics, Regional Economics
                       modifying the severe "lake-effect" storms which pro-            Division
                       duce heavy snowfall along the southern shores of Lake             The Regional Economics Division of the Office of
                       Erie and Lake Ontario. One approach being tested is             Business Economics (OBE) was established by the
                       the use of cloud seeding to reduce snowfall rates along         U.S. Department of Commerce in 1964. The Division
                       the shorelines and redistribute the snow farther inland         undertook to provide for the Water Resources Coun-
                       over a wider area.                                              cil a consistent set of projections of income, employ-
                       Maritime Administration                                         ment and population for local areas throughout the
                                                                                       country. These projections are intended to serve as
                          The Maritime Administration was established by or-           the economic basis for planning the development of
                       ganic legislation and placed under the jurisdiction of          water and related land resources in various areas of the
                       the U.S. Department of Commerce. Under the Mer-                 Nation.

                       14

                     The Division is also participating in the Comprehen-        Pollution Control Administration initiated a joint study
                  sive Study of the Great Lakes under the auspices of            to determine the effects of disposing of dredged mate-
                  the Great Lakes Basin Commission. As part of that              rials in the lakes and to develop alternative procedures
                  study, the Division will study certain industries which        and costs necessary to insure compliance with estab-
                  are of major economic importance in the area and               lished water quality standards.
                  which affect its water resources. Also, analysis will be          The U.S. Lake Survey (USLS), a district office of
                  made of the economic impact of alternative water de-           CE, was created by Congress in 1841 to conduct a hy-
                  velopment proposals.                                           drographic survey of the northern and northwestern
                                                                                 lakes. This work eventually involved a number of re-
                               U.S. Department of Defense                        lated scientific fields such as hydraulics and hydrol-
                     The Secretary of the Army is a member of the U.S.           ogy, meteorology, geomorphology, and geology. Since
                                                                                 1898, the Lake Survey has been assigned a two-fold
                  Water Resources Council.                                       mission for the publication of navigation charts of the
                  Army Corps of Engineers                                        Great Lakes and the study of all matters affecting their
                     The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (CE) has been              hydraulics and hydrology.
                  the Federal Government's principal water resources                The study of the influences which affect the levels
                  development agency since 1824. It acts under au-               of the lakes was required to determine the extent to
                  thority of general and specific congressional legislation.     which lake levels might be regulated and in what way
                  Through its civil works programs the Corps car-                the depth of the improved navigable channels might
                  ries out a basin-wide comprehensive water resources            best be preserved from reduction due to lowering levels.
                  planning, construction, and operations effort in co-           Systematic records of lake levels and outflow data have
                  operation with all other interested agencies of gov-           been maintained by the Lake Survey since 1860.
                  ernment at all levels-Federal, State, and local-and               The USLS today provides technical support to the
                  a wide range of civic and private interests. The civil         Boards of the IJC and to their various Committees and
                  works program is directed toward the coordinated de-           serves other interested agencies and the general public
                  velopment of the water resources of the basin in a             through the collection, correlation, analysis, and pub-
                  manner which will lead to the satisfaction of all water-       lication of physical data on the water resources of
                  related requirements, both immediate and long range.           the Great Lakes. These data cover water levels and
                  These include flood control; navigation; hydroelectric         depths, current velocities, river flows, diversions of
                  power generation; municipal, industrial, and agricul-          water, water supplies, over-water and over-land pre-
                  tural water supply; water quality control; recreation;         cipitation, temperatures, topogaphy, hydrography,
                  and the conservation of fish and wildlife.                     nautical information, crustal movement, geodetic
                     In the Great Lakes area the Corps, through its              positions, elevations of monumented points, wind ve-
                  Division and five district offices, plans and constructs       locities, information on ice, and information on related
                  flood control projects, navigation channels, harbors,          phenomena.
                  and protective works for the prevention of beach and              Since 1962, the USLS has also conducted a formal-
                  shore erosion. Its work includes investigating ways            ized research program on the Great Lakes in the fields
                  and means to preserve and enhance the scenic beauty            of water motion, shore processes, water characteristics,
                  of Niagara Falls, where the American Falls have been           water quantity, and ice and snow. This program has
                  ,seriously deteriorating during the last quarter of a          the objectives of gaining a better understanding of the
                  century. The Corps civil works program includes Fed-           natural environment and the ability to forecast the
                  2ral regulatory functions pertaining to the navigable          effects of natural and artificial modifications. Research
                     ,aters of the Great Lakes, collection and dissemina-        in the five fields includes most of the major phenomena
                     -,n of information on flood conditions, conduct of          and characteristics of the Lakes and their immediate
                     jod fighting and rescue work, participation in other        environment as they relate to the missions of the Corps
                     .isaster operations, and surveying and charting the         of Engineers in the area.
                     ,,reat Lakes.                                               Office of Naval Research
                     The Corps periodically dredges over 100 naviga-
                     on channels and harbors in the Great Lakes. The                The Office of Naval Research (ONR) was estab-
                     .actice in many of these areas is to deposit dredged        lished by organic legislation in 1946. It manages and
                     .aterial in deeper waters removed from project chan-        directs a broad program of scientific research and ex-
                     !s. Within the last few years, considerable attention       ploratory development that is designed to make new
                       been given to these dredging operations on the            and improved technological approaches available to
                       nise that they might adversely affect water quality       the Navy. The ONR encourages, promotes, Plans, ini-
                     the Great Lakes. Based upon this presumption, in            tiates and coordinates individual programs of naval
                     i6 the Corps of Engineers and the Federal Water             research. This is done, in part, by ONIVs own labora-

                                                                                                                                          is

                       tories and in part under contract arrangements with           Department has membership on the Great Lakes Basin
                       universities, nonprofit institutions, and industrial          Commission.
                       establishments.
                          Work on the Great Lakes supported by ONR is                          U.S. Department of the Interior
                       carried out as part of the Contract Research Program.           The activities of the Department of the Interior are
                       Current areas of investigation include studies of waves       conducted through a number of semiautorromous bu-
                       and wave motion, a biology program studying the               reaus and agencies whose planning and related activi-
                       plankton ecology of Lake Michigan, perfection of              ties in the Great Lakes area are coordinated by a
                       plankton sampling techniques and the application of           regional coordinator. The Secretary of the Department
                       these to a "ship-of-opportunity" program. A wave and          is a member of the U.S. Water Resources Council. He
                       wave motion program includes studies of high-fre-
                                                                         0           has been appointed Chairman by the President.
                       quency waves, turbulence, whitecapping, kinematics of           The Bureau of Commercial Fisheries (BCF) was
                       waves, and a wave and current energy analysis of the          established in its present form by the Fish and
                       near-shore zone.                                              Wildlife Act of 1956, although its history may be traced
                       U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare              to the formation of the U.S. Fish Commission in 1871.
                                                                                     The Great Lakes Biological Laboratory was estab-
                          Water research and investigation is conducted by the       lished in Ann Arbor, Mich., by the Bureau of Fisheries
                       Public Health Service of the Department of Health,            in 1927, incorporating on a continuing basis earlier,
                       Education and Welfare (HEW) under the authority               more scattered activities. In 1959 the Great Lakes and
                       of the Public Health Service Act. The program can be          Central Regional Office was formed, including the
                       divided into three sections: Chemical, biological, and        Great Lakes Biological Laboratory (now the Great
                       radiological. The act also states that water provided         Lakes Fishery Laboratory) and other disciplines and
                       by operators of interstate conveyances for drinking and       functions. Over the years, BCF and its predecessors
                       culinary purposes shall either be obtained from water-        have been the principal fishery research agencies on
                       ing points approved by the Surgeon General or shall           the Great Lakes.
                       have been subjected to treatment approved by the                The Bureau conducts several programs in the Great
                       Surgeon General.                                              Lakes Basin. BCF is under contract to the Great Lakes
                          PHS responsibilities also include recreation sanita-       Fishery Commission to conduct the sea lamprey con-
                       tion, drinking water supply, vector control, solid            trol program in U.S. waters of the Great Lakes. The
                       wastes management, air pollution, radiological                biological and limnological programs of the Great
                       health, health ecology, and shellfish sanitation. The         Lakes Fishery Laboratory are designed to provide fun-
                       Secretary of HEW is a member of the Water Resources           damental information of factors which influence
                       Council, and the PHS is active in the preparation of          changes in the survival and abundance of fish. The
                       the joint comprehensive plan for the Great Lakes Basin.       Bureau's industrial research program is designed to
                          The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has                 support and enhance the profitability of the commer-
                       responsibility for surveillance and regulation of pesti-      cial fishing industry. Development of better resource
                       cide residues found in fish products from the lakes.          assessment and harvesting methods helps to attain pro-
                                                                                     duction of the proper combination of species for bal-
                          Department of Housing and Urban Development                anced utilization. Efforts are being made to develop
                                                                                     new, high-quality processing techniques and new fish-
                          The Department of Housing and Urban Develop-               ery products in order to expand the market potential
                       ment (HUD) was established by organic legislation in          for Great Lakes fish species. Other programs consider
                       1965, as a combination of several existing agencies. Its      the economic aspects of production, processing, distril
                       main concern is with housing and urban problems,              uting, and marketing. Some are designed to deveh.
                       which include assistance for local communities, local         new markets and procedures.
                       public bodies and agencies to finance the cost of acqui-        Other BCF programs include administration of th
                       sition, improvement, and construction of: Sanitation          Commercial Fishery Research and Development Ac
                       and water facilities; parks, recreation facilities, and       and the Anadromous Fish Act. These give Feder@
                       open space; storm sewers, and public docks and non-           financial assistance to State agencies for programs re'
                       Federal river harbor improvements.                            ated to commercial fishery development. The Wat
                          Under Section 701 of the Housing Act of 1954,              Resources Studies Office insures that fishing interei@
                       grants, each in excess of $50 million, for planning and       are adequately represented in water resources ph
                       water and sewer facilities have been made to the eight-       ning and development programs conducted by Fe&
                       State region.                                                 agencies, or programs that require a permit fror,
                          The Secretary of the Department serves as an asso-         Federal agency. The Statistical Branch develops sta
                       ciate member of the Water Resources Council, and the          tical data on the commercial fishery.

                       16

                     In conducting these programs BCF operates sev-                also coordinates a program of recreation land acquisi-
                   eral research vessels on the Great Lakes. The R/V               tion by the National Park Service, Forest Service, and
                   Cisco (60 feet) is used primarily for research on the           Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife.
                   life history, distribution, abundance and survival of             BOR provides outdoor recreation planning assist-
                   deepwater fish stocks and studies of aquatic environ-           ance at Federal water projects in accordance with
                   mental conditions. The R/V Kaho (65 feet) is used in            Public Law 89-72, the Federal Water Projects Recrea-
                   resource assessment and fishing methods improvement.            tion Act of 1965. BOR also reviews non-Federal appli-
                   Both of these vessels are based at Saugatuck, Mich.             cations for Corps of Engineers permits and Federal
                   The R/V Musky 11 (45 feet) operates out of the San-             Power Commission licenses. Recent legislation directs
                   dusky, Ohio Biological Station, and is used for studies         BOR to coordinate recreation programs with trans-
                   of warm water fish stocks of Lake Erie. The R/V                 portation programs, evaluate potential national recrea-
                   Siscowet (57 feet) is assigned to the Ashland, Wis.             tion areas, and conduct studies of trails and wild and
                   Biological Station, and is used for research on the             scenic rivers for inclusion in national systems.
                   distribution, abundance, and ecology of lake trout,               The Lake Central Regional Office is responsible for
                   whitefish, lake herring, and other species in western           performing BOR's functions in the Great Lakes area.
                   Lake Superior.                                                  This office is currently engaged in the Great Lakes
                   Bureau of Mines                                                 Basin Comprehensive Framework Study, the Great
                                                                                   Lakes-Illinois River Basin Study, the International
                     The Bureau of     Mines (BOM) was established in              joint Commission Lake Levels Study, the Grand River
                   1910 by organic legislation. Its programs are designed          Basin Comprehensive Study in Michigan, and the
                   to conserve and develop mineral resources and to pro-           Southeastern Michigan Study. Land acquisition pro-
                   mote safety and healthful working conditions in the             grams for the Indiana Dunes and Pictured Rocks Na-
                   mineral industries. Bureau of Mines studies in the              tional Lakeshores have been reviewed as part of a
                   Great Lakes region in connection with the prepara-              5-year land acquisition program of the National Park
                   tion of the Great Lakes Basin Commission's joint com-           Service. Applications for Federal permits and licenses
                   prehensive plan include projection of potential                 involving waters flowing into the Great Lakes are re-
                   mineral industries in each of the lake basins and pro-          viewed to prevent conflicts with public outdoor recrea-
                   viding projections of production, employment, water             tion. The outdoor recreation land acquisition and
                   demand, and land use by these industries.                       development programs of all the Great Lakes States are
                   Bureau of Outdoor Recreation                                    being financially assisted by the Land and Water Con-
                     The Bureau of Outdoor Recreation           (BOR) was          servation Fund program. In conducting the studies and
                   established by the Secretary of the Interior on April 2,        reviews, BOR works closely with the various States,
                   1962, as a result of recommendations of the Outdoor             Federal agencies, and other interested parties in
                   Recreation Resources Review Commission. BOR's Or-               an effort to prevent conflicts with ongoing outdoor
                   ganic Act, Public Law 88-29, was signed May 28, 1963.           recreation programs.
                   This law authorized BOR to prepare and maintain a               Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife
                   nationwide outdoor recreation plan; provide technical             The Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife (BSFW)
                   assistance to States, their political subdivisions, and         has active programs in the Great Lakes involving Fed-
                   private outdoor recreation interests; sponsor, engage           eral aid, fish hatcheries, fishery services, management
                   in, and assist in outdoor recreation research, and              and enforcement, river basin studies, wildlife refuges
                   promote coordination of Federal outdoor recreation              and wildlife services. Federal aid in fisheries restoration
                   plans and activities.                                           provides for additional sport fishing opportunities
                     BOR's functions were further expanded with the                through research, management of fish populations,
                   passage of Public Law 88-578, the Land and Water                land acquisition and development of fishery access.
                   Conservation Fund Act of 1965, and a subsequent                 Research in the Great Lakes and tributaries includes
                   amendment, Public Law 90-401. Under this legisla-               studies on ecology, reproduction, diseases and popula-
                   tion, BOR administers the Land and Water Con-                   tion dynamics of coho salmon, steelhead trout and
                   servation Fund program which provides financial                 alewives; evaluation of lake trout stocking; and wall-
                   assistance to the States, and through the States to local       eye reproduction, research and fishery surveys.
                   public agencies, for the acquisition and development              Under Public Law 89-304 the Bureau seeks to
                   of public outdoor recreation resources. Financial and           conserve, develop, and extend anadromous and Great
                   technical assistance are also provided to the States in         Lakes fishery resources. The program cost, shared with
                   the preparation and maintenance of statewide com-               the States, includes research, habitat improvement,
                   prehensive outdoor recreation plans. Within the au-             determining the effects of pollution, program planning,
                   thorization provided by Public Law 88-578, BOR                  fish facility construction, and stocking. Projects include

                                                                                                                                           17

                        construction of coho salmon facilities and design of            (Michigan) Comprehensive Basin Study and is par-
                        coho evaluation studies; production, stocking and               ticipating actively in the Southeastern Michigan Sur-
                        evaluation of steelhead and brown trout; introduction           vey Study. The Division also consults with the Corps
                        of coho salmon in Lake Eric; lamprey study; stream              of Engineers regarding applications for private permits
                        improvement, and research on races of walleyes and              for dredging and filling in navigable waters which flow
                        spawning reefs in Lake Erie.                                    into the Great Lakes.
                           The Bureau also operates three lake trout hatcheries           The Division of Wildlife Refuges administers many
                        within the State of Michigan. During fiscal year 1969           national wildlife refuges in the Great Lakes Basin in-
                        these units produced 4.4 million trout, which were              cluding: The Huron Islands in Lake Superior; Seney
                        marked and released into the Great Lakes as part of the         National Wildlife Refuge in Schoolcraft County,
                        lake trout restoration program. This program will con-          Mich.; Michigan Islands including Shoe and Pismire
                        tinue at this level until spawning populations are              Islands in Lake Michigan and Scarecrow Island in
                        established.                                                    Lake Huron; Wisconsin Islands including Green Bay,
                           The Division of Management and Enforcement has               Spider and Gravel Island in Lake Michigan; St. Clair
                        administrative offices located in each of the Great             Island in Lake St. Clair and Wyandotte Refuge in the
                        Lakes States. This Division has the responsibility of           Detroit River, Mich.; and Ottawa and Cedar Point
                        enforcing Federal regulations dealing with wildlife and         National Wildlife Refuges on Lake Erie, Ohio. Con-
                        fish, and management of migratory birds in the States           gress is considering several of these areas for wilderness
                        included in the basin.                                          status under the Wilderness Act of 1964.
                           The Division of River Basin Studies (RBS) carries              In addition, Shiawassee National Wildlife Refuge
                        out most of the statutory responsibilities of the Fish and      is close to Saginaw Bay on Lake Huron and a new pro-
                        Wildlife Coordination Act. The basic purpose of this            posal is being considered for another waterfowl refuge
                        activity is to assist in planning the development of the        in Menominee County, Mich., near Lake Michigan.
                        Nation's water resources in a way that protects and               The National Wildlife Refuge program is designed
                        develops its fish, wildlife and related values for the          to protect and preserve wildlife species resident and
                        benefit of present and future generations. In carrying          migratory and to provide for the development and
                        out its responsibilities the RBS investigates proposed          management of the habitat, wildlife, and people to
                        water resource development projects of the Corps of             insure the perpetuation of all.
                        Engineers and small watershed projects proposed under             The Bureau's Division of Wildlife Services is con-
                        the programs of the Soil Conservation Service. The              ducting a blackbird control    investigation program in
                        Division also studies non-Federal projects which re-            Ohio and Michigan. The program consists of assess-
                        qu@ire Federal permits or licenses from the Federal             ing blackbird depredations on field com and conduct-
                        Power Commission, the Corps of Engineers, the Forest            ing tests to determine methods to alleviate such
                        Service, the Bureau of Land Management and the                  damage. The program is being conducted mostly in
                        Atomic Energy Commission.                                       the counties in the western end of Lake Erie. The
                           During the investigations of proposed water re-              counties include Lucas, Ottawa, Sandusky, and Erie
                        source development projects and river basin plans, the          in Ohio, and Monroe in Michigan. The headquarters
                        Division works closely, not only with the. construction         for this program is at Sandusky, Ohio.
                        and licensing agencies, but also with the Bureau of             Federal Water Pollution Control Administration
                        Commercial Fisheries and with State fish and game
                        agencies to determine the probable effects of proposed            The first permanent Federal legislation relative to
                        water-use projects on fish and wildlife resources. RBS          water pollution control was passed by Congress in
                        also develops plans for the protection and improvement          1956 and became Public Law 84-660, the Federal
                        of these resources to be included as integral parts of          Water Pollution Control Act. It was amended in 1961,
                        the basin plans, project works or operations.                   1965, and 1966. The principal activities of the Federal
                           The RBS is currently involved in several major               Water Pollution Control Administration (FWPCA)
                        marine-related activities within the Great Lakes region.        relate to water quality management planning, water
                                                                                         uality standards, technical assistance, grant programs,
                        It represents the Fish and Wildlife Service on the
                        Shore Property Subcommittee of the International                interstate enforcement actions, Federal installations and
                        joint Commission, works on the Great Lakes Com-                 public information.
                                                                                          Section 3 (a) of the Federal Water Pollution Control
                        prehensive Study being conducted by the Great Lakes             Act, as amended, indicates that the Secretary of the
                        Basin Commission and works on the Great Lakes-                  Interior shall, "in cooperation with other Federal
                        Illinois River Basin project, a comprehensive study of          agencies, with State water pollution control agencies
                        water quality directed by the Federal Water Pollution           and interstate agencies, and with the municipalities and
                        Control Administration. In addition, the Division is            industries involved, prepare or develop comprehensive
                        also completing its contribution to the Grand River             programs for eliminating or reducing the pollution of

                        18

                    interstate waters and tributaries thereof and improving              A program of analytical quality control has been
                    the sanitary conditions of surface and underground                 initiated to assure a high degree of reliability and com-
                    waters."                                                           parability in water pollution analyses. This program
                       In connection with the development of comprehen-                is being applied in all laboratories of the FWPCA, and
                    sive programs, reports have either been completed or               it is expected to be instituted in all laboratories provid-
                    are in process relative to each of the major watersheds            ing data to the system.
                    of the Great Lakes Basin. The activities of the various              A computerized storage and retrieval system,
                    work groups of the Great Lakes Basin Framework                     STORET, of water quality data collected by the
                    Study in which the FWPCA is participating provide an               FWPCA and other Interior agencies will be continu-
                    important basis for the continued development and                  ously compared with water quality standards stored
                    revision of comprehensive plans for water pollution                in the Department of the Interior IBM 360/65 com-
                    control.                                                           p4ter. The Great Lakes region has access to the In-
                       Upon the advice of the Secretary of the Interior,               terior computer through its IBM 1978 terminal in Chi-
                    based primarily upon determinations of the Federal                 cago. This system will assist the FWPCA and the
                    Water Pollution Control Administration, storage for                States to fulfill their surveillance responsibility. Ar-
                    streamflow regulation to improve water quality may be              rangements have been made with the Geological Sur-
                    included in Federal multipurpose reservoirs. Such                  vey to assure that water quality and flow data will be
                    storage, however, may not be provided as a substitute              stored for immediate retrieval and evaluation within
                    for adequate local treatment or other methods of                   the FWPCA's computerized STORET system. Also,
                    controlling wastes at the source.                                  USGS will assume operating responsibilities as rapidly
                       Section 3 (c) of the Federal Water Pollution Con-               as possible for the Federal long-term water quality
                    trol Act, as amended, provides for grants to planning              stations. Other matters included in the program are
                    agencies which provide for adequate representation of              lake currents, wastes from watercraft, disposal of
                    appropriate State, interstate, local, or (when appropri-           dredged material, and pesticides, and coordination
                    ate) international, interests in a basin or portion there-         with Canada on solutions to Great Lakes pollution
                    of. Grants made under this section are to be used to               problems.
                    develop a comprehensive pollution control and abate-                 The grant programs of the Federal Water Pollution
                    ment plan for the area covered.                                    Control Administration are of three major types: con-
                       Under provisions of the Water Quality Act of 1965,              struction grants, program grants, and research and
                    water quality standards developed by the eight Great               demonstration grants, as well as basin planning grants,
                    Lakes States have been approved by the Secertary of                previously described.
                    the Interior. The standards are to be enforced by the                The trend of financial assistance for construction
                    States, but the Federal Government will assist in                  grants has been upward each of the three times the
                    monitoring and pollution surveillance. If the States               act has been amended. Under prescribed conditions,
                    do not enforce the standards, the Federal Government               the Federal Government will provide up to 50 percent
                    is empowered to do so under the conditions prescribed              of the cost of a project and will pay an additional 10
                    in the act. Modifications in previously approved stand-            percent of the amount of a grant if the project is certi-
                    ards may be made as conditions change or as more in-               fied by a metropolitan or regional planning agency as
                    formation becomes available.                                       conforming with the comprehensive plan for a metro-
                       The FWPCA technical assistance program provides                 politan area.
                    technical assistance to States  ' local authorities, and in-         Section 7 of the Water Pollution Control Act au-
                    dustry upon request through the State water pollution              thorizes an appropriation of $10 million annually for
                    control agencies and to other Federal agencies. The                fiscal years.1968 to 1971 for grants to State and inter-
                    program has responsibility for maintaining water qual-             state agencies to assist them in meeting the costs of es-
                    ity surveillance through a monitoring system.                      tablishing and maintaining adequate pollution control
                       The FWPCA pollution surveillance program pro-                   programs. Each State is allotted $12,000, and the re-
                    vides a mechanism for collection, evaluation, and dis-             mainder of the funds is distributed on the basis of
                    semination of pollution control information and water              population, financial need, and the extent of the water
                    quality data, particularly as these data relate to the             pollution problems facing the State.
                    implementation of water quality standards, the estab-                Section 6 of the Water Pollution Control Act, as
                    lishment of surface-water quality baselines, and plan-             amended, authorizes the research and demonstration
                                                                                       grants and contracts program. The act calls for estab-
                    ning and management programs. A long-term water                    lishing field laboratory and research facilities for the
                    quality surveillance system is being established cover-            conduct of research, investigations, experiments, field
                    ing intrastate and interstate waters in concert with aP-           demonstration and studies and training relating to
                    propriate State and interstate pollution control agen-             the prevention and control of water pollution. FWPCA
                    cies and other Federal agencies.                                   research facilities in the Great Lakes region provide a

                                                                                                                                                  19

                       355-067 0-69-4

                         National Water Quality Laboratory at Duluth, Minn.                    Within the Great Lakes Basin the USGS is operat-
                         This laboratory is charged with the responsibility of               ing a data collection network to describe the amount,
                         developing water quality requirements for all fresh                 movement, and quality of water within the basin, and
                         water uses in the United States.                                    to determine the amounts of water, sediment, and
                            Five enforcement conferences have been held to                   dissolved materials that enter the Great Lakes. Some
                         abate pollution of the interstate waters of the Great               results of the data collection network operation are
                         Lakes and their tributaries. These were called either               furnished to interested users as raw, uninterpreted
                         by the Secretary because pollution from one State                   data on strearnflow, water qu@dity, and ground water
                         endangered the health and welfare of residents of an-               levels. Other results are incorporated in reports (usu-
                         other State or at the request of a Governor of one or               ally on an areal basis) that interpret water volume
                         more States. Such conferences bring together repre-                 and quality, in terms of the general geology and hy-
                         sentatives of Federal and State water pollution control             drology, in a manner that will help meet the needs of
                         agencies to adopt water quality requirements and a
                         timetable to achieve them. Sources of pollution are                 the resources manager. The present program of the
                         identified, remedial recommendations made, and dead-                Geological Survey in the Great Lakes Basin amounts
                         lines set. By 1972, all municipal and induarial pol-                to about $800,000 of Federal money annually,
                         luters will be required to have adequate treatment                  matched by an equal amount from State and local
                         facilities installed. In many instances deadlines are               governments.
                         much sooner. More sophisticated control measures-                     Operating programs of the Survey's Water Resources
                         such as the removal of phosphorus from sewage to curb               Division are supported by a broad program of fed-
                         excessive algal growth-are also required in many                    erally funded research. Much of the research seeks a
                         cases.                                                              better under-standing of the natural processes in the
                            The Oil Pollution Act of 1924, as amended, makes                 hydrologic cycle, but significant portions of the work
                         unlawful, with some exception, the grossly negligent or             are aimed at understanding problems of water pollu-
                         willful discharge of oil from vesesls into the navigable            tion and at improving data collection methods. The
                         waters and adjoining shorelines of the United States.               only direct research on the Great Lakes is a project
                         The FWPCA was made responsible for the enforce-                     to apply remote sensing data and theoretical analyses
                         ment of this act by the Clean Waters Restoration Act                to the study of currents and circulation in Lake
                         of 1966.
                         U.S. Geological Survey                                              Ontario.
                                                                                               The Topographic Division of the Geological Survey
                            The responsibilities of the U.S. Geological Survey               has the responsibility for preparing the National Topo-
                         (USGS) have evolved from its original legislative au-               graphic Map Series for the United States and its
                         thority to classify the public lands and examine the                outlying areas. Topographic maps serve importantly
                         geologic structures and mineral resources of the coun-              as the framework for the resources and environmental
                         try, to include describing the occurrence, movement,                studies which are undertaken in such areas as the
                         and quality of the water resources of the United States.            Great Lakes Basin. These maps, generally published
                         Through an extensive program of cooperative inves-                  in standard quadrangle format at scales of 1: 24 000,
                         tigations with the States and a continuing federally                                                                        5
                         supported program, the Survey has collected, analyzed,              1: 62,500, and 1: 250,000, are of prime importance in
                         and interpreted geological and water information for                planning airports, highways, dams, pipelines, trans-
                         more than 75 years.                                                 mission lines, industrial plants, and countless other
                            The Geological Survey's responsibility in the Great              types of construction. They are an essential part of
                         Lakes Basin with respect to water is to describe the                geologic and hydrologic research, of mineral inves-
                         hydrology and hydraulics of the physical systems, in-               tigations, and of studies on the quantity and quality
                         cluding their influence on or control by the included               of water; they greatly facilitate the study and appli-
                         biota. Its operational function is somewhat different               cation of flood control, soil conservation, and reforest-
                         from that of other governmental agencies in that it                 ation.
                         directs its activities from the point of view of a re-                Over 90 percent of the Great Lakes Basin is pres-
                         sources appraiser. USGS research is aimed at under-                 ently covered by either the 1: 24,000 or 1: 62,500
                         standing the basic natural laws that affect resources.              scale maps, and new mapping is in progress for an
                         Its data collection is aimed at inventorying the re-                additional 5 percent. About 10 percent of the area
                         sources and studying changes. Its goal is to provide                is also being revised or resurveyed to 1: 24,000 scale
                         the maximum amount of useful information for those                  standards. Complete coverage of the 1: 250,000 scale
                         who are attempting to manage the resources to provide               series is published, with updating of several of the
                         maximum benefit to the country.                                     maps in progress.

                         20

                    National Park Service                                            ing population. OWRR's basic function is to adminis-
                      The National Park Service (NPS) was established                ter the Water Resources Research Act of 1964, as
                    in 1916 to promote and regulate the use of national              amended, by stimulating, sponsoring, and providing for
                    parks, monuments, and similar reservations in order              research and training in the fields of water and those
                    to "conserve the scenery and the natural and historic            resources affecting water. Financial support is provided
                    objects and the wildlife therein and to provide for              to State water resources research institutes and centers
                    the enjoyment of the same in such manner and by                  by outright annual allotments and by matching grants
                    such means as will leave them unimpaired for the                 and to qualified individuals, private firms, educational
                    enjoyment of future generations" (39 Stat. 536; 16               institutions, and public agencies by grants, contractual,
                    U.S.C. 1).                                                       matching or other arrangements. The OWRR has been
                      The Service plans, develops, and administers the               assigned the responsibility for coordinating the water
                    natural, historical, and recreational areas which com-           resources science information activity. This includes
                    pose the National Park System. These include scenic              supporting special user services such as the Water Re-
                    parks and natural areas; historic sites and buildings;           sources Research Catalog and the development of an
                    and large recreational areas, including national sea-            information base.
                    shores, lakeshores, and scenic riverways.                          The water resources research and training program
                      Its programs and activities include the Natural and            administered by OWRR is broad in scope. Ongoing
                    Historic Landmarks Programs which encourage pres-                or recent OWRR supported studies in the Great Lakes
                    ervation by the private sector; the Historic Preserva-           region include research and investigations on the open
                    tion Program with its National Register of Historic              water distribution and abundance of net plankton as
                    Places and grants-in-aid to encourage preservation on            an index of the eutrophication in Lake Superior; cir-
                                                                                     culation of Lake Superior; radar measurement of
                    local, State, and Federal levels; and a new tourism pro-         precipitation on Lake Michigan; watershed analysis
                    gram which seeks to influence the kind and destina-              relating to eutrophication. of Lake Michigan; systems
                    tion of recreational travel. NPS provides technical as,          analysis of the western basin of Lake Erie; public
                    sistance to other nations, other Federal agencies, and           investment criteria for water-oriented recreation in the
                    States and their political subdivisions in the develop-          Lake Erie Basin; ecologic impact of the interactions
                    ment, management, and operation of public park and               among microorganisms and aquatic contaminants in
                    recreational areas.                                              Lake Erie; trace element concentration in Lake Huron
                      National Park Service programs, activities, and                and its principal tributaries; channel hydraulics and
                    areas in all States bordering the Great Lakes, except            hydrologic systems analysis of the Great Lakes. Water
                    Minnesota, are the responsibility of the Northeast               problems of metropolitan areas of the Great Lakes are
                    Regional Director at Philadelphia, Pa. In Minnesota,             also receiving attention. A current study by the Uni-
                    NPS programs are the responsibility of the Regional              versity of Michigan is directed to urban water politics
                    Director, Midwest Region, Omaha, Nebr.                           and decision making in the Detroit metropolitan area.
                      The Great Lakes Area Field Office, a suboffice of                The Council on Economic Growth, Technology, and
                    the Northeast Regional Office in Philadelphia, was               Public Policy of the Committee on Institutional Co-
                    opened in July 1967. It handles National Park Service            operation (CIC) recently completed its study, at the
                    activities in the States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois,             request of OWRR, on research needs in the Great
                    Michigan, and Wisconsin concerned with areas newly               Lakes area. This is further explained in the r6sum6 of
                    authorized by Congress, such as St. Croix and Wolf               the CIC.
                    National Scenic Riverways, Ice Age National Scien-
                    tific Reserve, and Pictured Rocks and Indiana Dunes                      U.S. Department of Transportation
                    National Lakeshores; areas proposed for congressional
                    authorization and addition to the National Park Sys-               The Secretary of Transportation is a member of the
                    tem, such as Sleeping Bear Dunes and Apostle Islands             U.S. Water Resources Council.
                    National Lakeshores; and the Great Lakes Basin                   U.S. Coast Guard
                    Framework Study for which the Office provides the                  The incorporation of the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG)
                    coordinator for the study area on environmental                  into the Department of Transportation in 1967 fo-
                    quality.                                                         cused new attention on the Coast Guard's role rela-
                    Office of Water Resources Research                               tive to the safety of shipping, life, and property on the
                      The Office of Water Resources Research (OWRR)                  Great Lakes. For a number of years the Coast Guard
                    was established by organic legislation. Its mission as           has provided icebreaking services and contributed to
                    related to research is to assist in assuring that the Na-        an interagency effort toward improving ice forecasting.
                    tion at all times has a water supply sufficient in quan-         In the spring of 1968, one of the Coast Guard's polar
                    tity and quality to meet the requirements of an expand-          icebreakers was deployed to the Great Lakes. The first

                                                                                                                                              21

                       U.S. vessel through the locks, she assisted significantly     velopment activities which involve the Great Lakes
                       in an early opening of the Port of Buffalo.                   region. Studies are devoted to investigating the nutri-
                          Cooperative efforts continue with the U.S. Weather         ents and biologically important minerals in Lake Mich-
                       Bureau and the U.S. Lake Survey in studies of freeze-         igan, and determining their sources and their effects
                       up and thaw, water temperature and waves. The                 on phytoplankton populations. Additional pertinent
                       USCG is represented by oceanographic and merchant             research which is being conducted in the general Great
                       marine technical personnel on a professional task force       Lakes region includes basic investigations of nutrient
                       to collect and collate data to establish strength stand-      cycling and productivity of dystrophic lake-bog systems,
                       ards for large bulk ore carrying sbrips.                      studies of the composition and biological role of dis@
                          The USCG cutters Woodrush, Woodbine, Nauga-                solved organic matter in lake systems, and investigation
                       tuck, and Acacia are committed periodically to the sup-       of the effects of linmological factors on the uptake and
                       port of Great Lakes studies by such groups as the             cycling of radioactive material. A program of periph-
                       University of Michigan's Great Lakes Research Divi-           eral interest involves a digital simulation program
                       sion, Carnegie Institute's Division of Terrestrial Mag-       developed for the investigation and protection of
                       netism, U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Lake Survey, and         Columbia River water quality. This project appears to
                       the U.S. Weather Bureau. Various Coast Guard shore            have some application to the Great Lakes, and a modest
                       stations continually contribute to certain of these pro-      effort to test the applicability, using Lake Michigan
                       grams as data collection points. As the small-boat pop-       data, will be undertaken in the near future.
                       ulation expands, much of these data, originally
                       intended to support studies relating to commercial                          Federal Power Commission
                       shipping, are being utilized to provide better and more
                       meaningful forecasts to the recreational boating public.         The Federal Power Commission (FPC) was estab-
                       St. Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation                   lished by Congress in 1920 to administer the Federal
                                                                                     Water Power Act, now Part I of the Federal Power
                          The St. Lawrence Seaway Development Corpora-               Act. The Commission functions as -an independent
                       tion was created by Congress in 1954. The Seaway              agency and consists of five Commissioners, appointed
                       itself, an American-Canadian venture, became a reality        by the President with the advice and consent of the
                       on June 26, 1959, after an expenditure of $480 million.       Senate, serving 5-year terms.
                       The American corporate structure is headed by an                 Under the provisions of the Federal Power Act, the
                       Administrator with an Advisory Board appointed by             various Flood Control and River and Harbor acts, the
                       the President. This Board meets quarterly as a con-           Water Resources Planning Act, and related acts, the
                       sultant group to review the general policies of the           FPC has statutory responsibilities relative to the plan-
                       Corporation. Policy decisions are reported by the Ad-         ning, construction, and operation of water resources
                       ministrator to the Secretary of Transportation.               projects, particularly with regard to the development
                          The purposes of the Corporation are to construct,          of power. The FPC is authorized to make investigations
                       operate, and maintain deep-water navigation works in          concerning the utilization of the water resources of any
                       the American sector in coordination with the Seaway           region to be developed and to cooperate in such investi-
                       Authority of Canada, establish operating agreements,          gations with agencies of Federal             and State
                       calculate a tool base consistent with a 50-year payout        Governments.
                       period, and to serve as a stimulant to Great Lakes               The FPC cooperates with Federal agencies and with
                       economy. Currently, the Corporation is primarily en-          Federal-State entities in river basin investigations by
                       gaged in major lock rehabilitation work, studies for          making studies and furnishing information on such
                       extension of the navigation season, and the construc-         matters as the potentialities for power development,
                       tion of new locks in conjunction with the U.S. Army           the market for the potential power, the value of the
                       Corps of Engineers.                                           power, and cooling water- needs for steam-electric
                                    Atomic   Energy Commission                       plants. It makes recommendations to the Secretary of
                                                                                     the Army with regard to the installation of penstocks
                          The Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) was estab-              or similar facilities adapted to the development of
                       lished by organic legislation and is composed of five         power at projects constructed by the Department of the
                       members, one of whom is designated as chairman and            Army.
                       all of whom are appointed by the President. It has re-           The FPC issues preliminary permits and licenses for
                       sponsibility to protect the health and safety of the          definite terms not exceeding 50 years to individuals,
                       public from nuclear activities and to regulate and con-       corporations, States, and municipalities for the inves-
                       trol the use of special nuclear materials and sources         tigation, planning, construction, and operation of
                       and byproducts of these materials.                            hydroelectric projects on navigable waterways or on
                          The AEC is conducting several research and de-             any stream over which the Congress has jurisdiction

                       22

                  where the project affects interstate commerce, or on             The Panel authorized a final report on its finding
                  public lands and reservations of the United States. The        and recommendations, and submitted it to the Com-
                  Federal Power Act requires that each project to be             mittee on Multiple Use of the Coastal Zone in March
                  licensed be best adapted to a comprehensive plan of            1969. The final report of the Committee's Executive
                  development for all beneficial public uses, including          Secretary to the Council covered a broad spectrum of
                  recreation. The Commission normally imposes a num-             matters relating to the coastal zone, and included a
                  ber of standard and special conditions in licenses to          substantial section on the Great Lakes.
                  ensure optimum development of the project site and
                  conservation of resources.                                                 National Science Foundation
                    The principal hydroelectric projects operating under           Created   by act of Congress in 1950, the National
                  FPC licenses in the Great Lakes Basin are those con-           Science Foundation (NSF) has a major responsibility
                  structed by the Power Authority of the State of New            to encourage basic scientific research in the Nation's
                  York on the Niagara and St. Lawrence Rivers. A num-            colleges and universities. A number of research projects
                  ber of smaller developments on Great Lakes tributaries         sponsored by NSF in the Great Lakes area are of in-
                  also operates under FPC licenses.                              terest and concern to the overall problem of increasing
                    The Chairman of the FPC is a member of the Water             the pool of fundamental knowledge concerning the
                  Resources Council. The FPC is represented on the               Great Lakes Basin.
                  Great Lakes Basin Commission.                                    Oceanographic aspects of the Great Lakes are
                                                                                 handled by two different branches of NSF. Biological
                      National Council on Marine Resources and                   oceanography is handled in the Section of Environ-
                                Engineering Development                          mental and Systematic Biology in the Division of
                  Committee on Multiple Use of the Coastal Zone                  Biological and Medical Sciences. Physical, geological,
                    Great Lakes Panel                                            and chemical oceanography are handled in the Divi-
                                                                                 sion of Environmental Sciences. In many cases, where
                    The Marine Resources and Engineering Develop-                proposed investigation is interdisciplinary, joint sup-
                  ment Act of 1966 (Public Law 89-454) established the           port is provided by the two divisions.
                  National Council on Marine Resources and Engineer-
                  ing Development, and included the Great Lakes within                          Smithsonian Institution
                  its purview. To discharge its responsibility for this and        The Smithsonian Act of 1846 established the Smith-
                  other parts of the coastal zone, the Council set up the        sonian Institution "for the increase and diffusion of
                  Committee on Multiple Use of the Coastal Zone in               knowledge among men." Chartered by the Congress
                  1967, and in 1968, this Committee created the Great            and privately endowed, the Smithsonian has both
                  Lakes Panel. Membership on the Panel consisted of              Government and private operations. Because of its
                  representatives from the following Federal agencies:           extensive collections of marine rocks, sediments, and
                  National Science Foundation; Smithsonian Institu-              biological organisms, the Smithsonian has emphasized
                  tion; Atomic Energy Commission; Corp of Engineers,             research on these objects and fieldwork in specimen re-
                  U.S. Army; and the Departments of Commerce;                    lated science. Nearly 70 scientists from six Bureaus
                  Health, Education and Welfare; Interior; and State.            carry on field and laboratory activities in marine sci-
                    The Panel attempted to understand better the                 ence, including the Great Lakes.
                  Great Lakes and the problems besetting them. In par-             The Smithsonian formally joined the Federal
                  ticular, it concerned itself with the problems of water        oceanography program in 1962, and its principal
                  quality and quantity; the increasing multiple uses of          contribution to this effort has been the handling and
                  the lakes' resources and the resulting conflicts; the na-      identification of marine organisms and sediments.
                  ture and relationship of institutions in the United States
                  and Canada having responsibilities for planning and            Several scientists have incidental interests in Great
                  managing the lakes; the research and development               Lakes organisms and sediments; however, none are
                  needed to find and implement solutions to growing              involved full time. The Science Information Exchange
                  problems of international dimensions, and, finally, to         receives, organizes, and disseminates information about
                  recommend to its parent Committee and the Council              research in progress in the life and physical sciences,
                  courses of action which the Panel thought necessary or         including that in the marine sciences.
                  desirable.
                    The Panel held a series of meetings and heard                              Water Resources Council
                  testimony from a wide range of experts from the United           The Water Resources Council (WRC) was estab-
                  States and Canada. It sponsored a 2-day symposium at           lished by the Water Resources Planning Act of 1965
                  the University of Michigan to inquire into research            (Public Law 89-90) and consists of those departments
                  problems and needs on both sides of the border.                and independent agencies in the Federal Government

                                                                                                                                         23

                         that have the major responsibility for water resources          ment; Interior; justice; and Transportation; and the
                         programs throughout the Nation. The Council pres-               Federal Power Commission. The Chairman of the
                         ently consists of the following members: Secretary of           GLBC is appointed by the President.
                         Agriculture, Secretary of the Army, Secretary of                  The duties of the Commission are to (1) serve as
                         Health, Education and Welfare, Secretary of the In-             the principal coordinating agency for Federal, State,
                         terior, Secretary of Transportation, and Chairman of            interstate, local, and nongovernmental plans for the
                         the Federal Power Commission. The Secretaries of the            development of water and related land resources in
                         Departments of Housing and Urban Development and                the region; (2) prepare and keep up to date a com-
                         Commerce are associate members, and the Department              prehensive, coordinated, joint plan for Federal, State,
                         of justice and the Bureau of the Budget furnish ob-             interstate' local, and nongovernmental development
                         servers. The Chairman of the Council, designated by             of water and related resources, which shall include
                         the President, is presently the Secretary of the Interior.      an evaluation of all reasonable alternative means of
                           The functions of the Council include: Preparation             achieving optimum development of water and related
                         of biennial national assessments of water supplies; aP_-        land resources of the basin, and it may be prepared
                         praisals of Federal policies and programs; studies of           in stages, including recommendations with respect
                         the adequacy of administrative and statutory means for          to individual projects; (3) recommend long-range
                         coordination of Federal policies and programs; estab-           schedules of priorities for the collection and analysis
                         lishment of principles, standards and procedures for            of basic data and for investigation, planning and
                         Federal planning; coordination of schedules, budgets            construction of projects; (4) foster and undertake
                         and programs; recommendations regarding establish-              such studies of water and related land resources prob-
                         ment and operations of river basin commissions; re-             lems in its area, river basin, or group of river basins,
                         view of comprehensive river basin plans with special            as are necessary in the preparation of the plan
                         regard to the efficacy of these plans in achieving op-          described in clause (2) above; and (5) engage in
                         timum use of the resources, the effects of the plans            such activities and make such studies and investiga-
                         on other related programs and resources and the con-            tions as are necessary and desirable in (a) carrying
                         tribution of such plans to obtaining national economic          out the policy of Congress to encourage the conserva-
                         and social goals; recommendations to the President              tion, development, and utilization of water and related
                         concerning such plans; and assistance to States in              land resources on a comprehensive and coordinated
                         increasing water resource planning capabilities.                basis by the Federal Government, States, localities, and
                                    UNITED STATES-STATES                                 private enterprise with the cooperation of all affected
                                                                                         Federal agencies, States, local governments, and others
                                    Great Lakes Basin Commission                         concerned, and (b) in accomplishing the purposes set
                           The Great Lakes Basin Commission (GLBC) was                   forth in items (1) through (4) above.
                         created in 1967 by Executive Order of the President,              This arrangement by the States and the U.S. Water
                         pursuant to the Water Resources Planning Act. Re-               Resources Council for the joint, collaborative use
                         quests for this action-iinder title 11 of the Act-were          of Federal and State authorities in water resource
                         initiated by the Governors of Indiana, Michigan,                planning provides a new dimension for action on
                         Minnesota, Ohio, and Wisconsin, with the concur-                a host of pressing water problems in the Great Lakes
                         rence of the Governors of Illinois, New York, and               area. With new concern for the quality of the total
                         Pennsylvania, and the Water Resources Council. The              environment, a multitude of problems will be dealt
                         Commission submits its reports to the Congress through          with together: inadequate municipal, agricultural and
                         the Water Resources Council and the President.                  industrial water supplies; polluted lakes and rivers;
                            Commission members represent the eight States                blighted waterfronts; floods; shortages of water-based
                         bordering the Great Lakes, nine Federal agencies, and           recreational opportunities; ecological imbalances
                         the Great Lakes Commission. State representatives are           within certain lakes; improper management of flood
                         the heads of the resource departments, as appointed by          plain areas; inadequate navigation facilities; uncon-
                         the Governors. Representatives of the Federal agencies          trolled and economically destructive extremes in lake
                         are generally the regional supervisors, appointed by            levels; severe shoreline, streambank and watershed
                         the Secretary of each Department having a substantial           erosion and sediment production; conflicting uses of
                         activity concerned with the water resources of the              the lakeshores; inadequate management of wildlife
                         Great Lakes Basin. The following Departments are                resources; overlapping and conflicting institutional
                         represented: Agriculture; Army, Commerce; Health,               authorities and arrangements; and the need to preserve
                         Education and Welfare, Housing and Urban Develop-               some rivers, in part or in whole, in their natural or

                         24

                   enhanced condition for scenic beauty and recreational                              INTERSTATE
                   use.
                     At the present time, the Commission is conducting                          Great Lakes Commission
                   a comprehensive, coordinated framework study for                  The Great Lakes Commission (GLC) was estab-
                   the basin to (1) provide economic projections of de-           lished in 1955 under the Great Lakes Basin Compact,
                   velopment; (2) translate economic projections into             an interstate agreement designating the Commission
                   demands for water and related land resources; (3)              as a joint State instrumentality on Great Lakes water
                   provide hydrologic projections of water availability           resource developments, programs, and problems. Con-
                   both as to quantity and quality of surface and ground          gressional consent was granted by Public Law 90-419
                   waters; (4) provide projection of related land re-             in 1968. The Commission is composed of from three
                   source availability and demand, so as to outline the           to five representatives from each of the eight member
                   general character of projected water and related land          States bordering the Great Lakes. It meets at least
                   resource problems; and (5) outline the general ap-             twice annually and maintains five standing committees,
                   proaches that appear most appropriate for the solu-            special committees as required, and a staff in Ann
                   tion of these problems, as well as an evaluation of the        Arbor, Mich. Three principal services provided to the
                   impact of all reasonable alternative solutions. Addi-          member States are:
                   tional, more detailed studies will be undertaken in the           (1) A clearinghouse for information on important
                   near future to develop the comprehensive, coordi-              developments on the Great Lakes through special
                   nated, joint plan for the basin.                               studies, bulletins, and reports to assist in the use, pro-
                        Upper Great Lakes Regional Commission                     tection, and further development of these water re-
                                                                                  sources. The Commission's principal publication on
                     Through the Public Works and Economic Develop-               Great Lakes aquatic science, "Great Lakes Research
                   ment Act of 1965 and in response to requests from the          Checklist," is complemented by the "Great Lakes News
                   Governors of Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin,               Letter" summarizing development activities.
                   the Secretary of Commerce designated the Upper                    (2) A recognized and continuing council, under
                   Great Lakes area an Economic Development Region                State direction and control, for joint consideration of
                   in 1965. This paved the way for the formal organiza-           common and regional problems in the Great Lakes.
                   tion of the Upper Great Lakes Regional Commission              The GLC is financially supported at a level of $64,000
                   in 1967. Creation of the Commission provided the op-           per year, each State contributing equally.
                                                                                     (3) Coordination of State views, plans, recommen-
                   portunity to make a multistate approach to the un-             dations, and programs and policies at all levels of gov-
                   healthy economic situation in the region. Membership           ernment which the States believe to be in the public
                   of the Commission reflects the Federal-State partner-          interest. The GLC conducts general interest surveys
                   ship. The Commission is composed of one Federal                on subjects such as sport fishing regulations and trans-
                   member appointed by the President (the Federal Co-             portation and trade on the lakes and St. Lawrence
                   chair-man) and one member from each participating              Seaway.
                   State in the development region (the Governor, or                 Major cuxrent activities include:
                   his designee, or such other person as may be provided             (1) Promotion of the economic development of the
                   by the law of the State which he represents).                  region through judicious and increased use of the
                     The Commission was given the task of identifying             Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Seaway waterway system.
                   economic problems and potentials of the region and of             (2) Maintaining and enhancing the ecology of the
                   recommending public investment programs to stimu-              region through studious application of laws, statutes,
                   late the lagging economy of the region. Completion of          regulations, rules, practices and procedures pertaining
                                                                                  to: (a) Use of persistent pesticides, (b) overabundance
                   tourism and employment studies have pointed up the             of alewives in Lake Michigan, (c) eradication of the
                   economic potentialities of the Great Lakes and other           sea lamprey, (d) pollution control and abatement, (e)
                   lakes in the region. Methods are currently being sought        water levels of the Great Lakes, and (f) comprehensive
                   to curb lake pollution in order to enhance their               planning and development of the water and related
                   recreational and occupational potentials.                      land resources of the Great Lakes region.

                                                                                                                                          25

                                                                States and               Universities

                                Committee on Institutional Cooperation                           Department of Registration and Education
                            The Committee on Institutional Cooperation (CIC)                Water Survey Division
                         was established in 1958 by the presidents of the Big                 The Water Survey Division of the Department of
                         Ten universities and the University of Chicago as a                Registration and Education was established through
                         means of expanding opportunities in certain highly                 legislative reorganization in 1917. This division, in
                         specialized areas of instruction, research, and public             cooperating with other State agencies, investigates and
                         service.                                                           studies the natural resources of the State, so that Il-
                            The Great Lakes have been targets for a number                  linois' available water resources may be better known.
                         of studies by the CIC. Research activities include an              The division considers and decides all matters pertain-
                         analysis of Lake Michigan's glacial shore and a bio-               ing to water and water resources and allied investiga-
                         meteorological attack on water pollution. Planning ac-             tional and scientific research, and cooperates with the
                         tivities have included symposia on the eutrophication              University of Illinois in the use of scientific staff and
                         of natural waters. At the request of OWRR, the CIC's               equipment. It also cooperates with the various depart-
                         Council on Economic Growth, Technology, and Public                 ments in research, investigational, and scientific work.
                         Policy conducted a study on research needs in the                    The Water Survey Division carries on independent
                         Great Lakes area. This study was entitled "Analysis                as well as cooperative studies with the University of
                         of Water and Water-Related Research Requirements                   Illinois and the Cornmittee on Institutional Coopera-
                         in the Great Lakes Region" and directed attention to               tion relating to systems analysis of the Great Lakes.
                         the need for a systems analysis model of the Great                 Also included is a study of long-term changes in chemi-
                         Lakes,                  ILLINOIS                                   cal elements as an index of changes in water quality.
                            While the land area of Illinois draining into the               Sanitary Water Board and Department of Public
                         Great Lakes is quite small, the basin is important to                                Works and Buildings
                         the State. The concentration and size of the population
                         within Illinois drawing upon Lake Michigan for its                   The Illinois Rivers and Lakes Act of 1911, as
                         water supply is the largest in the State and the entire            amended, empowers the Sanitary Water Board and the
                         basin. The only major diversion from the lakes occurs              Department of Public Works and Buildings to exercise
                         at Chicago which serves to divert the municipal and                joint jurisdiction for the preservation and utilization
                         industrial sewage effluent away from Chicago's source              of Lake Michigan waters. Though they are separate,
                                                                                            cooperating agencies, the Board's administrative offices
                         of water supply. The lake is a source of industrial and            are in the Department of Public Health, and it obtains
                         recreational opportunities, as well as an aesthetic as-            technical support from that department's Division of
                         set to the State.                                                  Sanitary Engineering. Approval of both of these agen-
                                       Department of Conservation                           cies is required prior to the initiation of any dumping
                                                                                            or discharge into Lake Michigan. The Sanitary Water
                         Division of Fisheries                                              Board consists of the Directors of the Departments of
                            The Division of Fisheries of the Department of Con.             Health, Agriculture, Conservation, and Public Works
                         servation is responsible for the assessment of the sport           and Buildings (Division of Waterways), the Secretary
                         and commercial fishery in the Illinois waters of Lake              of the Municipal League and a representative of in-
                         Michigan. This inclu,des a general survey of lake trout            dustry. All are appointed by the Governor. The chair-
                                                                                            man is elected by the board. In addition to its permis-
                         restoration and assessment of the coho fishery in order            sive powers, the board has been empowered to conduct
                         to determine the presence and abundance of these spe-              water quality and lake-bed surveys to evaluate the
                         cies. In the spring of 1969, the division released 10,000          ecology and quality of water in Lake Michigan. The
                         coho smolts in the Chicago area. These fish were                   Division of Waterways of the Department of Public
                         marked and will be checked for returns in the fall of              Works and Buildings has been investigating the proc-
                         1969 and 1970.                                                     esses of shore and beach erosion along the Illinois shore

                         26

                     of Lake Michigan since 1950. These are continuing                   Michigan region plays a vital role in the economy of
                     studies supported by data collected at selected sites.              the State. This is a highly industrialized area that ac-
                     The Sanitary Water Board has established and enforces               counted for 11.5 percent of the Nation's total of steel
                     water quality standards for the Illinois portion of Lake            rolling and finishing in 1963. The lake also provides
                     Michigan.                                                           commercial and sport fishing to the State and offers
                                                                                         unique recreational activities. These have been further
                                 Illinois Institute of Technology                        enhanced by the authorization of the Indiana Dunes
                        The Department of Biology at the Illinois Institute              National Lakeshore.
                     of Technology has been conducting studies on the yeast                        Department of Natural Resources
                     found in the Great Lakes and their drainages. The pur-
                     pose of the current investigation in progress is to isolate            The Department of Natural Resources was estab-
                     and identify, quantitatively, the yeast species present at          lished in 1965 to bring together the functions and re-
                     selected locations in the streams in the Calumet area.              sponsibilities of four former State agencies: the De-
                     The sites represent industrial pollution, domestic pol-             partment of Conservation, the Indiana Flood Control
                     lution, and relatively nonpolluted water. The species               and Water Resources Commission, the Recreation
                     isolated will be correlated statistically with chemical,            Council, and the State Soil Conservation Committee.
                     physical, and other biological pollution indicators in              The department consists of a Natural Resource Com-
                     order to determine, if possible, some relationships be-             mission, a director, and two deputy directors. The
                     tween yeasts and their polluted water environment.                  commission consists of 12 members, of whom six are
                     Another investigation in progress since 1967 is a survey            ex officio members.
                     of yeasts present in Lake Superior and some of the                     The Division of Forestry has primary responsibility
                     streams entering it from both the north and the south.              for the protection, management, and utilization of the
                                                                                         forest resources of the State including the administra-
                                   Northern Illinois University                          tion of Public Law 566 Small Watershed Projects.
                        Great Lakes research being conducted          at Northern           The Division of Fish and Game has primary re-
                     Illinois University encompasses floristic, taxonomic and            sponsibility to supervise the stocking and harvest of
                     ecological studies of the phytoplankton of Lake Huron.              fish and game resources in the State and to manage
                     Specimens have been collected during synoptic sur-                  these resources for the greatest good of the State. Cur-
                                                                                         rent fishery research involves investigations of re-
                     veys conducted by the Great Lakes Research Division
                     at the University of Michigan.                                      productive success, year class distribution, growth rate,
                                                                                         condition, temperature preference, seasonal move-
                                        University of    Illinois                        ments, habitat preference, interspecific relationships of
                                                                                         salmonids, perch, and alewives, the food habits of these
                        The Water Resources Center of the University of                  species and the relation of these habits to the distribu-
                     Illinois was established as part of the graduate college            tion and abundance of available food organisms.
                     by the Board of Trustees in 1963. Following the enact-                 The functions of the Division of Parks and Memo-
                     ment of the Water Resources Research Act of 1964, the               rials are to acquire, develop, and maintain public
                     center was designated as the water resources research               recreation areas and places of historical interest for
                     institute for Illinois by the Governor. The center now              the people of the State.
                     administers title I of the act in Illinois as well as a                The Division of Outdoor Recreation acts jointly
                     State-supported program of water resources research                 when advisable with other State agencies and local
                     and education. The center's primary responsibility is               communities in order to carry out the State's objectives
                     the sponsoring and administration of water resources                and responsibilities in the field of recreation.
                     research. Programs of this nature on the Great Lakes                   The Division of Engineering provides planning,
                     include: "Feasibility of Evaluation of Benefits from                architectural and engineering services to the other
                     Improved Great Lakes Water Quality" for the Corps                   Divisions.
                     of Engineers, and "Study of the Hydrology for Models                   The Geological Survey has the responsibility to
                     of the Great Lakes" with the Department of Civil En-                locate and describe precisely the State's mineral
                     gineering and the Illinois State Water Survey. The                  resources.
                     center is interested in continuing research in the Great               The Division of Water has primary responsibility for
                     Lakes.                                                              the planning, regulatory, construction, and administra-
                                              INDIANA                                    tive functions of the water resources of the State. Divi-
                                                                                         sion responsibilities include studies and investigations
                        Portions of Indiana lie in the drainage basins of                needed to develop projects wherein State participa-
                     Lakes Eric and Michigan and comprise approximately                  tion is warranted in order to obtain multiple purpose
                     5 percent of each of these lakes' basins. The Lake                  development of specific small watershed and reservoir

                                                                                                                                                     27

                       projects, to make long-range studies of river basins, to        sources Institute in 1964. This was the first constituent
                       develop overall solutions to regional flood control and         center within the institute, and was established to fulfill
                       water resources problems, and to establish a backlog            the requirements imposed by the Water Resources Re-
                       of projects for future development.                             search Act of 1964. The center is composed of all uni-
                         The State Soil and Water Conservation Committee               versity staff members and graduate students working
                       of the department is authorized by chapter 171,                 with and interested in water resources research and
                       Indiana Acts of 1965, and is composed of six members            teaching. The center has participated in the regional
                       appointed by the Governor: Four farmer members,                 study supported by OWRR concerning Great Lakes
                       the director of the department and the Lieutenant               Systems Models, and several conferences have been
                       Governor. The committee organizes, guides and sup-              held in anticipation of regional research in the Great
                       ports local Soil and Water Conservation Districts and           Lakes Basin. These have been coordinated by the Com-
                       sees that they operate according to the law.                    mittee on Institutional Cooperation in conjunction
                                                                                       with representatives from the National Water Quality
                                       State Board of Health                           Laboratory, Duluth, Minn., and the Great Lakes Basin
                         The State Board of Health has supervision of the              Commission.           MICHIGAN
                       health and life of the citizens of the State and possesses
                       all powers necessary to fulfill the duties prescribed in          Consisting of two peninsulas surrounded by Lakes
                       the statutes and to bring action in the courts for the          Superior, Michigan, Huron and Erie, Michigan calls
                       enforcement of health laws and health rules.                    itself the "Great Lake State." All but 25 square miles
                         Plans for public water supplies and sewage works              of the State lie within the Great Lakes drainage basin.
                       projects and improvements thereto must be reviewed              The lakes have played an important part in the de-
                       and approved prior to construction.                             velopment of Michigan, and the State hasj@ken a
                         The board has authority to supervise all public water         leading role in management of the lakes.
                       supply systems and require submission of monthly oper-
                       ating reports and drinking water samples as determined                        Department of Agriculture
                       by the Board of Health.                                           The State Soil Conservation Committee in the De-
                         The board's staff is organized administratively into          partment of   Agriculture is responsible for two broad
                       six bureaus and 30 divisions. Functions relating to             program areas concerned with thelmanagement of sur-
                       water supply and pollution control are handled through          face water. It is charged with,"administering the 84
                       the Divisions of Sanitary Engineering and Water Pol-            soil conservation districts in/82 Michigan counties.
                       lution Control, under the Bureau of Engineering.
                                                                                       Over 50,000 landowners are cooperators. One main
                       These divisions furnish technical staff and assistance
                       to the Stream Pollution Control Board in matters re-            objective of these districts is erosion control which
                       lating to water pollution control.                              would reduce water sediment pollution.
                                                                                         A second major responsibility of the commit-tee is
                                 Steam Pollution Control Board                         to act for the Governor's office in processing com-
                         The Stream Pollution Control Board, created by                munity requests for Federal watershed assistance under
                       legislation in 1943, is the agency empowered to control         congressional act (Public Law 566, 83rd Cong.) The
                       and prevent pollution of waters in Indiana. The board           committee has already received and taken some action
                       represents the State in the Federal water pollution con-        on 59 applications for this assistance.
                       trol program, approves plans and specifications for                      Department of Natural Resources
                       pollution abatement facilities, assigns specifications for
                       pollution abatement facilities, assigns priorities to             The Department of Natural Resources is charged
                       municipalities for Federal aid under the Sewage Works           with protecting the natural resources of the State.
                       Grants Program, and adopts water quality standards              Michigan law provides authority for the conduct of
                       and plans for implementing such standards. The board            certain activities related to pollution abatement by and
                       is responsible for implementing the recommendations             under the supervision of the director of the depart-
                       of the Conferences on Lakes Michigan and Erie and               ment. The basic act creating the department confers
                       in implementing a time-phased plan for the comple-              a broad grant of authority to ". . . prevent and guard
                       tion of required pollution abatement facilities in basins       against the pollution of lakes and streams within the
                       tributary to the Great Lakes, as well as the rest of            State . . . ... The department has maintained active
                       the State.        Purdue University                             patrol of oilfields and has required the application of
                                                                                       measures for the conservation of brine and prevention
                         The Water Resources Research Center was estab-                of pollution since 1939. The Director also serves as a
                       lished as a part of the Purdue University Natural Re-           member of the Water Resources Commission.

                       28

                      Fish Division                                                     ers of rulemaking and adjudication, including the
                        The Department of Natural Resources' Fish Divi-                 prescription of regulations and standards, are exer-
                      sion is charged with the responsibilities of water inven-         cised independently of the director of the department.
                      tories, hatchery production and planting, lake and                   The seven members of the commission include the
                      stream improvements, and biological and physical pro-             directors of the Departments of Natural Resources,
                      files surveying to provide better opportunities and re-           Public Health, Agriculture, and State Highways. The
                      turns for the State's fisher-men.                                 other three members are appointed by the Governor,
                      Game Division                                                     with approval of the State Senate, as representatives
                                                                                        of municipal, industrial, and conservation interests.
                        Over the years, the Game Division has built nearly                 The Bureau of Water Management constitutes the
                      50 major waterfowl floodings in Michigan. These                   technical and clerical staff of the commission. It was
                      cover about 20,000 acres. An additional 400 small                 formed by the reorganization of May 1969 which con-
                      impoundments with a total water surface area of 3,000             solidated the water management responsibilities of the
                      acres are also managed throughout the State. Water                department in one high-level unit. Under the reor-
                      level control structures, dikes, and other works are              ganization, the bureau's staff duties will be expanded
                      all constructed to provide the needed waterfowl                   and rearranged into three divisions covering water
                      habitat.                                                          quality control, hydrological studies, and water de-
                      Geological Survey                                                 velopment services for local units of government. Such
                        The Geological Survey works with State and Fed-                 water-oriented activities as submerged lands man-
                      eral departments to locate and develop suitable sup-              agement, base engineering, and oil pollution control,
                      plies of water for public institutions, parks, agencies,          now scattered throughout the Department of Natural
                      municipalities, industries, irrigation projects, and in-          Resources, will be transferred into these new divisions.
                      dividual landowners. Further, the division issues per-               Controlling pollution of Michigan's lakes, streams,
                      mits for drilling oil and gas wells; supervises the locat-        drains, and underground waters is the major re-
                      ing, drilling, producing and plugging of these wells;             sponsibility of the Water Resources Commission and
                      and aids in the protection of property and surface and            its bureau staff. The staff also advises the public on
                      underground fresh waters from oilfield wastes.                    water laws, water conservation, water uses, stream
                                                                                        flow, dams, and other water resource matters. The
                      Recreation Resource Planning Division                             bureau reviews and assigns priorities to applications
                        The water related functions of the Recreation Re-               from municipalities for Federal aid in constructing
                      source Planning Division revolve around its respon-               pollution control facilities. It reviews applications and
                      sibility for long-range planning for outdoor recreation           issues permits for water use in low-grade ore benefi-
                      for both the department and the State and for ad-                 ciation. In addition, the bureau provides advisory and
                      ministration of the Federal Land and Water Conser-                technical assistance to resort and cottage owners.
                      vation Fund program designed to help finance State                   The commission headquarters and most of the bureau
                      and local outdoor recreation projects. The division is            staff are located at Lansing. In addition, the bureau
                      also inventorying Michigan's lake and stream frontage             has five districts headquartered at Point Mouillee,
                      to gauge the recreational potential of lands bordering            Lansing, Grand Rapids, Cadillac, and Escanaba.
                      waters.                                                           Waterways Commission
                      Water Resources Commission and Bureau of Water                       The Waterways Commission was created by Act 330
                           Management                                                   of the Public Acts of 1947. It is vested with the respon-
                         The Water Resources Commission (WRC) is the                    sibility of representing the State of Michigan on all
                      pollution control arm of the State. It is under legislative       matters pertaining to navigation involving the Federal
                      mandate to ". - . protect and conserve the water                  Government. The commission has also been granted
                      resources of the state, to have control over the pollu-           authority to undertake the actual construction of rec-
                      tion of any waters of the state and the Great Lakes,              reational boating facilities on the waters of the State,
                      with power to make rules and regulations governing                and it has responsibility for public access sites.
                      the same . . . to prohibit the pollution of any waters                         Department of Public Health
                      of the state and the Great Lakes     . . . ... The commis-
                      sion is designated as the State agency to cooperate and              The Department of Public Health exercises super-
                      negotiate with other governments and agencies con-                visory control over all public sewerage systems in the
                      cerning the water resources of Michigan.                          State. No public sewerage system may be built or
                         By legislative act, the Water Resources Commission             altered without approval of the director. The depart-
                      is within the structure of the Department of Natural              ment reviews and approves or rejects plans submitted
                      Resources. However, the Commission's statutory pow-               for new municipal systems or alterations to existing

                                                                                                                                                   29

                     systems. It issues or withholds issuance of construction        hon, is involved in a continuing study of Lake Su-
                     permits for sewers and sewage treatment plants. It              perior cur-rents.
                     exercises supervisory control over operations of waste-
                     water treatment plants at municipalities, institutions,                         University of Michigan
                     trailer parks, schools, and hospitals to ensure effective       Great Lakes Research Division
                     performance. It trains and licenses operators of waste-           The Board of Regents of the University of Michigan
                     water treatment plants. When appropriate, the depart-           established a Great Lakes Research Institute in 1945.
                     ment refers cases to the Water Resources Commission
                     for pollution abatement action. The director of the             Its objectives were stimulation, promotion and co-
                     department also serves as a member of the Water                 ordination of research on the Great Lakes, as well as
                     Resources Commission.                                           the implementation of the University's relevant teach-
                                                                                     ing and research programs. In 1960, the institute was
                                Department     of State Highways                     reorganized as the Great Lakes Research Division
                                                                                     (GLRD) of the Institute of Science and Technology
                       The water interests of the Department of State                at the University of Michigan.
                     Highways center largely upon phases of the State's                Two well-equipped research vesesls are owned and
                     water resource program other than pollution control.            operated by the division: The 114-foot Inland Seas
                     However, the Highway Commission, through its di-                and the 50-foot Mysis. Institutions conducting basic
                     rector, is relied upon to correct or prevent misuse of          research or training programs on the Great Lakes may
                     the many thousands of miles of department-owned                 make arrangements with the division for use of ship
                     highway drains arising from connections thereto of              time. Research thus far has been confined to selected
                     septic tank drainage, sewage or industrial wastes.              problems within Lakes Michigan, Huron, and
                     The director of the Department of State Highways                Superior.
                     also serves as a member of the Water Resources                    The following problem areas encompass the divi-
                     Commission.                                                     sion's present activities and research interests in the
                                                                                     Great Lakes: Water budget, water quality, translaca-
                                   Michigan State University                         tion and circulation, air-water interface phenomena,
                                                                                     effects of the lakes on regional meteorological condi-
                       The original establishment of the Institute for Water         tions, ice cover, chronology of the lakes, erosion and
                     Research was formalized by the Michigan State Uni-              deposition, nature of the lake basins, biological
                     versity board of trustees in 1961. As a result of the           productivity and resources, and engineering and
                     Water Resources Research Act, the mission of the                development.
                     institute broadened to include funding at other univer-           The GLRD is convinced that a successful plan of
                     sities as part of the water research program. Research          attack on the increasing problems involved in shipping,
                     has been supported at the University of Michigan,               water supply, sanitation, recreation, and biological
                     Wayne State University, Central Michigan University,            resources necessitates a background of basic scientific
                     Michigan Technological University, and Michigan                 information.
                     State University. Activities of the institute include the                            MINNESOTA
                     funding of research in engineering, economic, biologi-
                     cal, sociological, and systems analysis as related to water       Minnesota's location at the head of deep-draft navi-
                     resources. Through both allotment grants and outside            gation in the Great Lakes has promoted her use of the
                     sponsorship, a considerable amount of research is being         lakes as an outlet for shipment of her iron ores and
                     carried out on the physical, chemical, and biological           grain. Duluth is one of the largest and busiest ports
                     aspects of water quality of streams entering Lake               on Lake Superior. The State encompasses 189 miles of
                     Michigan.                                                       the Lake Superior shoreline   About 9 percent of Minne-
                                 Northern Michigan University                        sota's land area lies in the drainage basin. This area
                                                                                     includes the St. Louis River, the largest U.S. tributary
                       Northern Michigan Univeristy is vitally        interested     to Lake Superior. The recreational and scenic values
                     in the Great Lakes. This has prompted a number of               of the northern shore of Lake Superior will require
                     studies related to marine and land resources of the             additional small-boat harbors and points of lake access
                     Great Lakes area. The Department of Biology is                  for optimum development.
                     conducting a study of the changes in physiochernical
                     conditions and biota of Lake Superior in the area of                         Department of Conservation
                     Marquette harbor to determine whether the growth in
                     industry and population has accelerated the eutrophi-             The Department of Conservation is responsible for
                     cation process. The Department of Geography, with               public land and water management and protection. It
                     the cooperation of the U.S. Lake Survey vessel Shene-           consists of five divisions: Lands and Forestry; Waters,

                     30

                    Soil and Minerals; Parks and Recreation; Game and               water conservation districts throughout the State wher-
                    Fish, and Enforcement and Field Service. Each division          ever desirable, to administer funds appropriated for
                    is headed by a director appointed by the Commissioner           use of these districts, and to assist them in their pro-
                    of Conservation. Attached to the commissioner's office          grams through advice and consultation.
                    are four bureaus which serve the entire department.                The commission has been given responsibility under
                    They are: (1) Bureau of Planning; (2) Bureau of                 Public Law 566 to accept watershed applications
                    Engineering; (3) Bureau of Information and Edu-                 and approve or disapprove them for the Governor; to
                    cation; and (4) Bureau of Business Management.                  determine problems, needs, and interest of the people in
                      The Division of Fish and Game currently is active             the watersheds along with adequacy of the applica-
                    in Lake Superior. The Section of Fisheries is carrying          tion; place eligible projects on a priority for plan-
                    out programs of investigations, fish stocking, creel            ning purposes; and administer watershed planning
                    census, habitat improvement, and special studies to             funds appropriated by the State Legislature for that
                    improve the sport and commercial fisheries of Min-              purpose.
                    nesota. This includes the State's first introduction of                         Water Resources Board
                    coho salmon into Lake Superior in 1969.                            The Water Resources Board counsels with existing
                              Minnesota Department of Health                        agencies to promote the systematic administration of
                                                                                    water policy and to coordinate and accelerate con-
                      The Minnesota Department of Health was estab-                 servation activities. The board also has jurisdiction
                    lished in 1872. The State Board of Health was created           over the establishment of watershed districts.
                    to exercise administrative, quasi-judicial and rulemak-
                    ing powers for the protection, preservation, and promo-                        University of Minnesota
                    tion of the public health.                                         Since 1955, the School of Public Health and the De-
                      Of the seven divisions within the department, the             partment of Biology at the University of Minnesota
                    Division of Environmental Sanitation is most directly           have carried out research in support of Lake Superior
                    concerned with water. The division is concerned with            water quality criteria. Physical facilities for both re-
                    any factors in the environment that may adversely               search and teaching include a well-equipped laboratory
                    affect the public health. Its goals are for all public          at Duluth on the shore of Lake Superior. Two vessels
                    water supplies to be acceptable from a sanitary stand-          (a 27- and a 30-foot launch), each provided with a
                    point by 1970, adequate sewage treatment facilities
                    for all communities having sewer systems, and control           variety of sampling devices, are stationed at the
                    of all industrial wastes to minimize pollution.                 laboratory. Additional laboratory facilities are available
                                                                                    at the new Life Science Building on the campus of the
                            Minnesota Pollution Control Agency                      University of Minnesota, Duluth. These facilities are
                                                                                    used in projects oriented toward research and the
                      The Minnesota Pollution Control Agency was cre-               training of researchers on the Great Lakes.
                    ated by the 1967 Legislature to assume all of the duties           Among the projects in progress are: A study of the
                    and responsibilities of its predecessor, the Minnesota          open-water distribution and abundance of net plankton
                    Water Pollution Control Commission. The seven citi-             in Lakes Superior, Michigan, and Huron; an investiga-
                    zen members of the agency and the director are ap-              tion into the relation of periphyton to water quality;
                    pointed by the Governor. The agency has adopted                 an analysis of primary productivity of Lakes Superior,
                    water quality standards for all interstate waters, in-          Huron, and Michigan surface waters using C-14 tech-
                    cluding an implementation plan, and has recently com-           niques; the biodynamics of Lake Superior periphyton;
                    pleted a long-range water pollution control plan and            potential productivity of Lake Superior; prefirninary
                    program. Current water pollution control activities in-         studies of Pseudomonas sp. as an index of water qual-
                    clude classification of the intrastate waters, monitoring       ity; study of organisms of the second trophic level in
                    of lakes and streams, review of municipal and indus-            Lakes Michigan and Superior, and analysis of the
                    trial waste treatment projects, inspection of operation         ecology of the epilithic periphyton of Lake Superior.
                    of existing waste-water treatment facilities, conducting
                    public education, and a wide range of other basic                                     NEW YORK
                    pollution control objectives, including surveys and                New York borders on two of the Great Lakes, Erie
                    evaluation studies of new pollution sources.                    and Ontario, and the St. Lawrence River marks the
                      State Soil and Water Conservation Commission                  boundary between New York and Canada over part
                                                                                    of its length. The entire U.S. portion of the area drain-
                      The State Soil Conservation Commission was estab-             ing directly into Lake Ontario lies within New York
                    lished in 1937 to promote the organization of soil and          State and encompasses one-third of the State's land

                                                                                                                                             31

                       area. New York's portion of the eastern end of Lake                  The division carries out certain State responsibili-
                       Erie includes Niagara Falls and the Niagara River.                ties to various interstate and State-Federal river basin
                       Both are important for power production, as well as               studies. The appraisal of specific project proposals,
                       scenic beauty.                                                    plans and technical reports that affect water resources
                                                                                         is also its responsibility. The division provides staff
                                      Department of Commerce                             services and performs and coordinates planning ac-
                          The Department of Commerce is responsible for in-              tivities for regional water resources planning boards.
                       dustrial and economic development programs within                                  Department of Health
                       the State. It is vitally interested in the effects of water
                       quality on industrial and recreational developments.                 Article 12 of the New York Water Pollution Control
                                                                                         Act of 1961 provided for the abolishment of the Water
                                      Conservation Department                            Pollution Control Board and the transfer of authority
                                                                                         to the Bureau of Water Resource Services of the
                          The divisions of the Department of          Conservation       Department of Health. In 1966, this bureau was
                       have several ongoing programs relating to water                   expanded and reorganized as the department's Division
                       quality.                                                          of Pure Waters and was given the responsibility
                          The Division of Fish and Game has ongoing pro-                 for direction, supervision, coordination, and con-
                       grams of stream fishing rights acquisition, fish and              trol of the department's water resources programs.
                       wildlife improvement, and fish stocking. The division's           The division administers Federal and State sewage
                       Pollution Research Section conducts investigations                works construction grants, reviews and keeps current
                       and research related to effects of pollution and pesti-           quality standards for all water uses, supervises and
                       cides on fish life. Activities pertinent to the Great             carries out State enforcement activities, participates
                       Lakes Basin include: introduction of coho salmon in               in comprehensive water resource planning studies, is-
                       1968 into Lake Ontario and Lake Erie with future                  sues permits (and renewals) for operation of indus-
                       stockings planned, as well as fallowup studies and                trial and municipal waste treatment plants, and serves
                       special management; various fishery investigations;               as State Water Coordinator. The division also conducts
                       wet land acquisition, and participation in interstate             a research program consisting of inhouse and contract
                       and international planing and coordinating programs.              research. Grants are available to individuals or agen-
                          The Division of Motor Boats has programed the                  cies for research on the prevention of water pollution.
                       construction of additional harbors of refuge on the
                       Great Lakes. Boat launching sites in the basin are also                Atomic and Space Development Authority
                       developed by the division. The division will be re-                  The Atomic and Space Development Authority may
                       sponsible for enforcing the installation of approved              site, construct, and operate nuclear reactors for gen-
                       sanitary facilities on vessels using State waters.                eration of electrical energy. The authority, to help
                          The Division of Parks, as staff to the State Council of        promote nuclear generating plants in the State, op-
                       Parks, acquires and develops recreation lands and re-             erates the site of the first nuclear fuel reprocessing cen-
                       lated facilities. Six park commissions, members of the            ter in the Nation. The site, located in Cattaraugus
                       State Council, are involved in the Great Lakes Basin.             County, also includes a waste disposal area and a
                       The development of water-oriented recreation facilities           plutonium storage area.
                       has been emphasized by these commissions. Recreation
                       development since 1966 has been programed on the                             Office of Planning Coordination
                       basis of a $400 million, 10-year expenditure. This                   This office is the State's central long-range planning
                       program is based on the Statewide Comprehensive                   agency. In this capacity, it sponsors both regional and
                       Outdoor Recreation Plan.                                          statewide planning programs, coordinates the func-
                          The Division of Water Resources furnishes direct               tional planning of the line agencies with the general
                       staff services to the Water Resources Commission and              plan, and coordinates State planning with local and
                       serves as its secretariat. The staff of the division makes        Federal activities.
                       investigations and conducts public hearings on behalf
                       of the commission and presents recommendations to                                     Port Authorities
                       the commission on matters coming before it. On behalf                Three au..thorities have been established in the basin
                       of the commission, the division provides technical ma-            to promote port development.
                       terial for the Statewide Water Resources Plan. This                  The Niagara Frontier Port Authority is a public
                       will be done by integrating the regional and basin plans          benefit corporation created to operate a port district
                       now being evolved by the regional boards and Federal-             which embraces the cities of Buffalo, Lackawanna, and
                       State planning programs, including the Great Lakes                Tonawanda and the towns of Hamburg, Amherst,
                       Basin Commission Framework Study.                                 Cheektowaga, and West Seneca.

                       32

                        The Ogdensburg Bridge and Port Authority was                     tion in the studies is provided by a member of State
                      created to construct and operate an international toll             and Federal agencies.
                      bridge between Ogdensburg, N. Y., and Prescott, On-                  While having no development authority of their
                      tario. The bridge was officially opened in September               own, these boards will provide multipurpose plans for
                      1960. In 1963, the authority was given the further re-             the development and management of water resouirces
                      sponsibility of developing the Port of Ogdensbuxg on               in their respective regions. These studies are at the
                      the St. Lawrence River.                                            approximate level of Federal type 2 studies. Although
                        The function of the Port Oswego Authority is to                  none of the boards has completed its study to this date
                      survey, develop, operate, and promote port facilities              (mid-1969), their plans may recommend some com-
                      in the Oswego Port District which embraces the City                bination of new and existing State and local develop-
                      of Oswego and the town of Scriba.                                  ment programs. The status of these board studies is
                          Power Authority of the State of New York                       as follows:                                          Scheduled
                                                                                                                                             completion
                        The Power Authority of the State of New York was                 Board:                                                date
                      created in 1931 to improve the International Rapids                    Erie-Niagara   ------------------------------        1970
                      section of the St. Lawrence River near Massena, in                     Oswego River Basin:
                      cooperation with Federal and Canadian authorities.                           Cayuga Lake   --------------------------       1972
                                                                                                   Wa-Ont-Ya     --------------------------       1972
                      The authority is a public benefit corporation of the                         Eastern Oswego   -----------------------       1972
                      State which owns and operates two hydroelectric power                  Genesee    ---------------------------------         1973
                      projects, one in the St. Lawrence near Massena and                     Black  ------------------------------------          1973
                      the other near Niagara Falls. The aim was to create                    St. Lawrence    -----------------------------        1973
                      hydroelectric power and, at the same time, to clear the                         Water Resources Commission
                      rapids for navigation. Membership of the authority
                      consists of five trustees appointed by the Governor to               The Water Resources Commission is charged with
                      serve overlapping tenns. The authority is a wholesale              coordinating the functions of every State agency con-
                      power supplier, servicing 50 customers. It was recently            cerned with water resources and formulating State
                      authorized to develop nuclear baseload plants and                  policy regarding the conservation, development, and
                      pumped storage projects to supplement its existing                 use of the State's water resources.
                      plants. At both of the power projects, substantial in-               Serving as chair-man is the State's Conservation
                      vestments in recreation facilities have been made. Ad-             Commissioner. Members are the Superintendent of
                      ministration and operation of recreational facilities              Public Works, the Attorney General, and the Commis-
                      at the Thousand Islands and Niagara Frontier have                  sioners of the Departments of Health, Commerce,
                      been turned over to the New York Conservation                      Agriculture and Markets, and the Office for Local
                      Department.                                                        Government. The membership is completed by four
                                                                                         lay advisors representing industry, political subdivi-
                                      Pure Waters Authority                              sions, agriculture, and the sportsmen of the State.
                        The Pure      Waters Authority is charged with the                 Among the commission's major duties are: Planning
                      49 planning, financing, construction, maintenance and              and development of water resources; undertaking
                      operation of sewage treatment works and solid waste                studies for the protection, conservation, development,
                      disposal facilities, the construction on behalf of mu-             and use of water resources of any region of the State;
                      nicipalities of sewage treatment works, sewage collect-            apportionment of water supply for public water sys-
                      ing systems and solid waste disposal facilities and the            tems - classification of streams for pollution control -
                      assistance of municipalities in the planning, financing,           drainage of agricultural lands, river regulation and
                      construction, maintenance and operation of sewage                  river improvement through districts set up for these
                      treatment works, sewage collecting systems and solid               purposes; flood control; planning of water supply for
                      waste disposal facilities."                                        intermunicipal areas, and stream protection through
                          Regional Water Resources Planning Boards                       control of the construction of dams and locks. The
                                                                                         commission also has the right of eminent domain.
                        New York State is currently engaged in a statewide                 The Water Resources Commission, through its mem-
                      water resources planning program. The Great Lakes                  ber agencies, acts as the agent for the State of New
                      Basin portion of this program is being conducted by                York in partnership ventures with Federal and local
                      seven regional water resources planning boards. Each               entities and represents the State's interest in inter-
                      of these boards is composed of seven unsalaried mem-               state water resources planning and development work.
                      bers representing all segments of the public. The boards             The commission may draw upon the various agen-
                      are staffed by the State Division of Water Resources               cies represented thereon for specialized staff services.
                      personnel, and board study costs are shared by the                 The primary staff arm of the commission is the Con-
                      State and the counties involved. Additional participa-             servation Department's Division of Water Resources.

                                                                                                                                                     33

                                             Alfred University                                 Areas of possible study include physical and chemical
                           Alfred University is situated in the region of a physi-          characteristics of water under varying degrees and
                                                                                            types of pollution, aquatic life, terrestrial plants and
                        ographic divide from which the waters drain into the                animals in an area undergoing ecological change,
                        St. Lawrence, the Susquehanna, and the Mississippi.                 shoreline erosion, the nature and quantity of sedimen-
                        The area presents an ideal site for controlled experi-              tation, influences of Lake Erie on weather and climate,
                        ments concerning air and water pollution, distribu-                 and the interactions of pollution and socioeconomics of
                        tion of pesticides, etc. Investigations currently being             the Niagara Frontier.
                        conducted by the Departments of Biology, Chemistry,                    Investigations being conducted at the Great Lakes
                        and Geology relate, in part, to the physical and biologi-           Laboratory with non-State University of New York
                        cal characteristics of the terrestrial and aquatic sys-             funds include: (1) Survey of the chemical and phys-
                        tems of the Alfred area.                                            ical effects of dredging on Buffalo Harbor (Corps of
                           The program offers a unique opportunity for train-               Engineers) ; (2) rejuvenation of the Buffalo River
                        ing in deep-water aquatic techniques. A research ves-               (Allied Chemical Corp.) ; (3) effects of slag deposi-
                        sel based on Seneca Lake at Watkins Glen, N.Y., is                  tion on Lake Erie fisheries (Bethlehem Steel) ; and (4)
                        leased by Alfred University from the College Center                 BOD-COD ratios of selected effluents (Hooker Chem-
                        of the Finger Lakes. This vessel is available for use in            ical Corp.)
                        regularly scheduled courses and for independent re-
                        search. Present activities on Seneca Lake include                         State University of New York at Buffalo
                        studies of its bottom topography, the distribution of                  Activities concerned with the Great Lakes began
                        the sediments, pesticide concentration, and thermal                 in the fall of 1963 at the State University of New York
                        stratification.                                                     at Buffalo with the addition of faculty interested in
                                            Cornell University                              hydrodynamics, water resources, and water quality.
                        Water Resources and Marine Science Center                           The principal purpose is undergraduate and graduate
                                                                                            education in engineering and applied sciences. Activi-
                           In 1964 the State of New York authorized a water                 ties includes dynamic model studies of Lakes Erie and
                        resources institute at Cornell University under the                 Ontario and the publishing of a symposium "Fresh
                        Water Resources Research Act. This institute later                  Water of New York State: Its Conservation and Use."
                        became the Water Resources and Marine Science Cen-
                        ter of the University. This interdisciplinary organiza-                                        OHIO
                        tion operates horizontally across the University at the                Lake Eric is a great asset to the State of Ohio. The
                        graduate study and research level. Its purpose is to                lake drains 29 percent of the State's land area, and over
                        develop and maintain a comprehensive program in                     40 percent of Ohio's population resides in the Lake
                        water resources planning, development and manage-                   Erie Basin. The area is intensely urbanized and in-
                        ment in such areas as the sciences, engineering, agri-              dustrialized and also includes some of the most produc-
                        culture, law, economics, government, regional plan-                 tive agricultural land in the State.
                        ning, and public health. The center places high priority                            Development Department
                        on Great Lakes research including the Finger Lakes,                    The Development Department works to ensure the
                        eastern Lake Erie, Lake Ontario, and the St. Lawrence               best use of State resources in the interest of a balanced
                        River within the United States. Approximately 75                    economy and continuing economic growth. It is di-
                        faculty members are engaged in an equal number of                   rectly involved with developmental and planning ef-
                        research programs in water and related land resources               forts concerning Lake Erie and lands within the Lake
                        and in the marine sciences. The center has an extensive             Erie Basin. A State development plan is currently being
                        publications program and lists of publications are                  prepared and is expected to be completed in 1971.
                        available on request. It also has published six annual              Water and Sewer Rotary Commission
                        indexes to the water resources periodical literature, and
                        a thermal pollution bibliography and has initiated a                   The Water and Sewer Rotary Commission was
                        quick index to Great Lakes literature.                              created by legislation in 1965 to supervise State loans
                                                                                            to counties to meet that portion of the cost of the
                                  State University College at Buffalo                       extension of water and sewer lines which is to be
                           The Great Lakes Laboratory, of the State            Univer-      financed by assessments which are deferred. When
                        sity College at Buffalo, conducts an education-research             water or sewer lines are extended across open farm
                        program which has involved students and staff from                  land to new industrial or commercial developments,
                        over 10 units of the State University of New York. The              assessments normally levied against the intervening
                        program is administered by a director who is assisted               open land may be covered by a rotary loan until such.
                        by two advisory boards.                                             time as the open land is developed. The Commission

                        34

                    is composed of three appointed members plus the                and sediments, shore erosion processes, erosion abate-
                    Directors of Development, Health, Agriculture, and             ment, shoreline geology, bottom topography, geology of
                    Natural Resources. It is attached to the Department            reef and island areas, and subaqueous mineral re-
                    of Development.                                                sources. The Engineering Section acts as the shore ero-
                                    Department of Health                           sion agency of the State and issues permits for beach
                                                                                   and shore erosion devices on Lake Erie. The Water
                      The objective of the Division of Engineering of the          Planning and Water Management Sections have im-
                    Department of Health, Bureau of Environmental                  portant responsibilities in their subject areas.
                    Health, is to provide adequate sanitary facilities to
                    safeguard the public health. This includes technical                       Department of Public Works
                    and administrative participation in the planning,
                    design, operation and maintenance of all elements of             The Department of Public Works was established
                    community life related to the protection and promo-            by organic legislation and is headed by a director who
                    tion of public health. These elements include control          is appointed by the Governor. The department has
                    of water supply, waste-water treatment and disposal,           been designated as the custodian of the submerged
                    planning of subdivisions and other environmental               lands of Lake Erie and provides for their leasing. The
                    conditions to minimize disease, accidents, and health          department's activity in the Great Lake includes leas-
                    hazards. Pollution studies of streams and lakes are            ing by the State Canal and Land Authority of offshore
                    made by the division in accordance with this objective.        and submerged canal lands for purposes of public or
                      The Division of Engineering supports the Water               private development. The authority functions within
                    Pollution Control Board with technical assistance and          the Department's Division of Real Estate.
                    staff.                                                                     Department of Urban Affairs
                    Water Pollution Control Board
                      The Water Pollution Control Act of 1951 created                The Department of Urban Affairs was established
                    the Water Pollution Control Board, which functions             by legislative action in 1967 and is headed by a direc-
                    within the Department of Health, with administra-              tor who is appointed by the Governor. Divisions
                    tive, regulatory, and quasi-judicial powers. The board         coordinated by the director are: (1) Intergovern-
                    has authority to develop programs for the prevention,          mental Services; (2) Legal Services; (3) Public Fi-
                    control, and abatement of water pollution, including           nance; (4) Urban Development; (5) Office of Op-
                    investigation, research, education, and enforcement. It        portunity, and (6) Ohio Office of Appalachia. The
                    can require the construction or modification of sewage         Department is particularly active in assisting com-
                    and waste disposal systems. New water quality stand-           munities to coordinate legal, fiscal, and developmental
                    ards for interstate streams were adopted in 1967. The          programs. It also coordinates Federal assistance ap-
                    board has set time schedules for the installation of           plications from major metropolitan areas.
                    waste 'treatment improvements that will achieve the                           Ohio Water Commission
                    goals of these standards. The necessary new treatment
                    facilities discharging into any of the streams in the Lake       The Ohio     Water Commission was created to co-
                    Erie watershed serving industry or municipalities are          ordinate water programs in Ohio, to develop water
                    to be completed by 1970.                                       supply, flood control and flood plain zoning programs
                                                                                   for all areas of the State, and to obtain the most bene-
                             Department of Natural Resources                       ficial use of water resources. It makes long-range water
                      The Department of Natural Resources was estab-               plans, holds hearings, makes studies, and makes legis-
                    lished in 1949 to bring together various State agencies        lative and policy recommendations to the Governor
                    engaged in conservation of natural resources. The              and General Assembly. Four of its members are ap-
                    director is appointed by the Governor and coordinates          pointed by the Governor with the advice and consent
                    the activities of eight divisions. Five of these are           of the Senate; the other three are the directors of the
                    directly concerned with water. They are: Forestry and          Departments of Natural Resources, Health, and De-
                    Reclamation, Parks and Recreation, Water, Water-               velopment. The Commission works closely with the
                    craft, and Wildlife. Two divisions-Geological Survey           Ohio Division of Water of the Department of Natural
                    and Lands and Soil-provide services related to water.          Resources, as well as many other State, local and Fed-
                    The Division of Oil and Gas is a regulatory agency             eral agencies.
                    that contributes to the water resources management in                  Ohio Water Development Authority
                    policing well site pollution and in the supervision of
                    subsurface disposal of industrial wastes. The Lake Erie          The   Ohio Water Development Authority was es-
                    Section of the Division of Geological Survey is conduct-       tablished by legislative action in 1968. The Authority
                    ing studies on water masses, currents, bottom conditions       consists of five appointed members and the direc-

                                                                                                                                           35

                       tors of Natural Resources and Health. An executive            sylvania State Park and Harbor Commission of Erie,
                       director is responsible to the Authority. The agency          it is engaged in a long-range program for the develop-
                       was authorized primarily to finance, construct, and           ment of the recreational potential of Presque Isle
                       operate water development projects.                           Peninsula and State Park. Since the mid-1950's the
                         Financing is from State voted funds and Federal             department has had a program, in cooperation with
                       funds, as well as from revenue bonds amortized by             the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, aimed at restoring
                       user charges. Through the latter source, pollution            and protecting Presque Isle's beaches.
                       abatement and water management projects for pri-                 The department recently advertised for bids for the
                       vate interests may be built and operated.                     leasing of offshore oil and gas lease blocks in Lake Erie.
                                                                                     A program for a predrilling examination of the lake's
                                       Ohio State University                         bottom sediments and aquatic life, along with a detailed
                         The Ohio State University has had a long history of         plan for an inspection of any drilling program, is
                       activities related to the Great Lakes. Since 1896, the        anticipated by the department in cooperation with the
                       University has maintained a biological station adjacent       Pennsylvania Department of Health and the Penn-
                       to Lake Erie. The Franz T. Stone Laboratory was               sylvania Fish Commission.
                       established on Gibralter Island at Put-in-Bay in 1925.           The department has begun the process of fon-nulat-
                       Interest in Lake Erie has developed in a number of            ing a State water resources plan, in cooperation with
                       departments at Ohio State, principally in the Depart-         other Commonwealth agencies, such as the Department
                       ments of Economics, Civil Engineering, Geography,             of Health, Pennsylvania Fish Commission, etc. The
                       and Geology, among several faculties of the College of        planning process will consider all water resources needs
                       Biological Sciences, and in the School of Natural Re-         of Pennsylvania's portion of the Great Lakes Basin, and
                       sources. Coordination of research activity on the Great       the plan will provide a guideline for water resources
                       Lakes is through the Water Resources Center of the            development therein.
                       Engineering Experiment Station and through the                Water and Power Resources Board
                       School of Natural Resources.
                         The University's activities involving the Great Lakes          The Water and Power Resources Board of the De-
                       include operation of the Franz Stone Laboratory for           partment of Forests and Waters is empowered to reg-
                       advanced undergraduate and graduate student train-            ulate all changes in the course or cross section of the
                       ing, particularly in aquatic biology. Ongoing studies         waters of the Commonwealth and the construction and
                       include in-depth studies of limnological conditions in        maintenance of encroachments (dams, wharves, walls,
                       western Lake Erie, geophysical conditions of the lake         bridges, etc.) upon them. The board also allocates sur-
                       including shore erosion, studies of algal popuIatiorls'       face waters to public water supply agencies.
                       of aquatic fungi, distribution and behavior of avian
                       populations, effect of Lake Erie on local climate, stud-                       Department of Health
                       ies of eutrophication as it relates to the microbial          Sanitary Water Board
                       flora, studies of bottom deposits in relation to algal
                       bloom and phosporus exchange, and economic analysis              The Sanitary Water Board of the Department of
                       of factors related to eutrophication.                         Health is responsible for water pollution control in
                                                                                     the Commonwealth and has been conducting programs
                                         PENNSYLVANIA                                designed to control water pollution in the Pennsylvania
                                                                                     portion of the Lake Erie Basin. The Department of
                         Lake Erie is important to Pennsylvania's economy            Health operates a water pollution control laboratory
                       in many ways-for commerce, recreation, and as a               in Erie in which chemical and bacteriological analyses
                       source of public and industrial water. The portion of         are conducted for the Lake Erie area.
                       Pennsylvania land surface which drains into Lake Erie            A Great Lakes Research Institute has recently been
                       encompasses 512 square miles, with a population of            established in Erie which will undertake water re-
                       approximately 260,000. Recreational use of the lake           sources research in addition to other research.
                       area is heavy and is rapidly increasing. Over 3.5 mil-
                       lion visitor-days are recorded annually at Presque Isle                   Pennsylvania Fish Commission
                       State Park, accounting for annual expenditures cur-
                       rently estimated at $60 million. Boating on the lake             The Pennsylvania Fish Commission consists of eight
                       is becoming ever more popular.                                members appointed by the Governor and is responsible
                                                                                     for the management. of the Commonwealth's fishery
                                Department of Forests and Waters                     resources. Current joint, Federal-Commonwealth proj-
                         The Department of Forests and Waters is          actively   ects on Lake Erie consist of: A program to establish
                       engaged in the development of recreational and port           coho salmon in the Pennsylvania waters of Lake Erie
                       activities on Lake Erie. In cooperation with the Penn-        in an attempt to produce a high-quality game fish and

                       36

                     possibly a commercial fishery; a program to increase               lakes, via parks, public fishing areas, harbors and boat
                     the production of high-value commercial fishes in Lake             launching facilities; improving fishing through re-
                     Erie by the introduction of a high-value exotic species;           search, special studies and investigations, and stock-
                     a program to restore populations of once abundant                  ing of lake trout, brown trout, coho salmon and other
                     high-value fishes; and a program to conduct environ-               species; land acquisition; administration of the flood
                     mental studies of biological conditions affecting fish             plain and shore land management programs; admin-
                     populations in Lake Erie.                                          istration of State statutes relating to removal and fill
                        A research vessel, the Perca, has been recently re-             in the Great Lakes, and administration of the State
                     furbished and equipped with modern gear and is being               water pollution control program.
                     used to study fish populations and their environment                               University of Wisconsin
                     in the Pennsylvania waters of Lake Erie. Emphasis is
                     being placed on a study of the walleye to determine                   At the present time two campuses of the University
                     origin and spawning areas of the stocks of the eastern             of Wisconsin have major programs concerning the
                     basin and to develop management procedures for                     Great Lakes. The Madison campus operates through
                     maintaining a good and constant harvest of this species.           the Marine Studies Center while the Milwaukee cam-
                        If the results of planting coho fingerlings in the trib-        pus operates through the Center for Great Lakes
                     utaries of Lake Erie continue to be satisfactory, the              Studies. These two campus centers are tied together
                     commission will consider constructing a new fish                   through the all-university Marine Studies Program
                     hatchery to propagate coho salmon and possibly other               which is overseen by the all-university Council for
                     species.                                                           Marine Sciences. In 1968 Wisconsin became the first
                                   Carnegie-Mellon University                           inland university to receive institutional support under
                                                                                        the Sea Grant College Program.
                        The Carnegie-Mellon University has been conduct-                   The Marine Studies Center was established in the
                     ing research to assess the extent of organic con-                  graduate school on the Madison campus in 1967. This
                     taminants present along the southern shore of Lake                 center serves to focus the marine related (including
                     Michigan. This research has been done at various                   Great Lakes) research activities of faculty members
                     water treatment plants and has served as an aid in                 in various departments on the Madison campus. It
                     deterinining the source of contaminants causing spo-               also coordinates its activities with the Center for Great
                     radic taste and odor incidents at water treatment                  Lakes Studies at the Milwaukee campus. Its activities
                     plants.                                                            include broad interdisciplinary research programs on
                                            WISCONSIN                                   Green Bay and the adjacent areas of Lake Michigan,
                        Wisconsin has a long history of pioneering in the               studies on the circulation of Lake Superior, geophysical
                     sicentific and legal aspects of water resource conserva-           and geological studies of the Great Lakes, programs
                     tion and utilization through resolution of the problems            on fish orientation and movements, and an industry
                     associated with exploitation of timber resources and               and community relations program designed to foster
                     development around her many inland lakes and                       a closer partnership with the University in identifying
                     streams. Location on the shores of both Lakes Superior             and working on Great Lakes problems of all kinds.
                     and Michigan has been advantageous for recreational                   The Center for Great Lakes Studies at Milwaukee
                     and navigational development. The Lake Michigan                    has been established to contribute to research in educa-
                     drainage includes about 14,000 square miles and 495                tion toward a better understanding of physical, chem-
                     miles of shoreline; the Lake Superior drainage includes            ical, and biological processes and events occurring in
                     over 3,000 square miles with 325 miles of shore line.              the Great Lakes and in their drainage basins and of
                     The coasts of both lakes are well known for their rec-             the associated social influences and needs. The two
                     reational aspects. The Door Peninsula in Lake Michi-               main themes of biological research at the center have
                     gan and the Apostle Island group in Lake Superior en-              been related to (a) fisheries and (b) the eutrophica-
                     joy national fame.                                                 tion process in the Great Lakes. Other studies are con-
                                                                                        cerned with the physical and chemical characteristics
                                Department of Natural Resources                         of the lakes, and studies are being conducted in the so-
                        The Department of Natural Resources was created                 cioeconomic field, including projection of future ship-
                     as part of an extensive reorganization of State agencies           ping at Great Lakes ports.
                     in 1967. Six divisions have been created within the de-               The Water Resources Center at the University is
                     partment. These are: Trust Lands and Investment,                   the organizational unit which coordinates and adminis-
                     Tourism and Information, Forestry and Recreation,                  ters research funds provided under the Water Re-
                     Fish and Game Enforcement, Environmental Protec-                   sources Research Act of 1964. There are several proj-
                     tion, and Services.                                                ects that are conducted within the Great Lakes Basin
                        The activities of these divisions on the Great Lakes            and a number of others that cover topics that have
                     include law enforcement; providing public access to the            a direct bearing on the potential water resources man-

                                                                                                                                                    37

                      agement of the basin. The center coordinates projects           indexing pertinent literature in the area of eutrophi-
                      at the Madison and Green Bay campuses, as well as               cation.
                      at the Oshkosh, Whitewater and Superior campuses                Geological and Natural History Survey
                      of Wisconsin State University and at Marquette Uni-
                      versity. In addition, the FWPCA supports a significant            Located at the University Extension in Madison, the
                      research program at Madison on eutrophication of                Geological and Natural History Survey is concerned
                      natural waters. Both the Federal Government and                 with studies of the soil, water and mineral resources
                      private industry provide funds for the development              of the State. It conducts field studies and research, and
                      and operation of an information program on the                  prepares interpretive maps and reports. Its responsi-
                      subject.                                                        bility also includes topographic mapping of the State.
                         The Water Resources Center has been designated               Most of its programs are conducted in cooperation
                      by the Office of Water Resources Research as the                with such Federal agencies as the U.S. Geological Sur-
                      "center of competence" for selecting, abstracting, and          vey and the USDA Conservation Service.

                      38

                                                                      Private

                     Public education and information is a necessary            Pittsburgh to Buffalo. Extensions of this urban system
                  adjunct of water resource research, planning, and par-        in Canada will also be studied.
                  ticularly of development or implementation of plans.             Although concentrating primarily on regional and
                  Enlightened private organizations, such as founda-            interregional physical planning, the project will also
                  tions, associations, League of Women Voters, water-           examine water resources to the extent necessary to
                  shed councils, federations of civic associations and          formulate policies and programs for better manage-
                  others, perform an essential function of interpretation       ment of the environment supporting the system of
                  to their clientele. This listing includes some of the         cities around the Great Lakes.
                  more noteworthy groups.
                                                                                            Great Lakes Historical Society
                  American Shore and Beach Preservation Association                The objectives of the Great Lakes Historical So-
                     The American Shore and Beach Preservation As-              ciety are to: promote interest in discovering and pre-
                  sociation is a private nonprofit association. Its purpose     serving material on the Great Lakes and the Great
                  is the preservation of beaches on seacoast and Great          Lakes area of the United States and Canada, such as
                  Lakes shores of the United States through attempts to         books, documents, records, and objects relating to the
                  effect a correlation between Federal, State, and local        history, geography, geology, commerce, and folklore of
                  interests in beach erosion problems.                          the Great Lakes; centralize information regarding such
                                                                                collections through the cooperative efforts of local
                                 Great Lakes Foundation                         historical societies and libraries throughout the area;
                     The Great Lakes Foundation (GLF)        is a nonprofit     publish "Inland Seas," an illustrated quarterly journal
                  organization dedicated to the promotion of research           devoted to Great Lakes history and the promotion of
                  and education in the field of fresh water. Its aims are       the -interests of the Society, and sponsor the Great
                  two-fold: To increase public understanding of the             Lakes Historical Society Museum at Vermilion, Ohio.
                  problems and programs on the Great Lakes ahd to                             Lake Carriers' Association
                  promote scientific research into these problems. Pub-
                  lication of "Limnos," magazine of the GLF, was ini-              The Lake Carriers' Association (LCA) was founded
                  tiated in February 1968 as one means of effecting             in 1880. Its members are operators of Great Lakes
                  the aim of promoting public understanding of the              bulk cargo ships. Its special committees include: Fi-
                  problems facing the Great Lakes. A research com-              nance, Legislative, Shore Captains, Fleet Engineers,
                  mittee chooses research proposals which are in accord         Taxation, Smoke Abatement, Canadian Conference,
                  with the goals of the Foundation and which are deemed         and Welfare. The LCA publishes a monthly bulletin
                  worthy of support.                                            and an annual report.

                     Developing Great Lakes Megalopolis Research                       National Rivers and Harbors Congress
                                        Project, Inc.
                                                                                   The National Rivers and Harbors Congress
                     The Developing Great Lakes Megalopolis Research            (NR&HC) was founded in 1901. The Congress
                  Project, Inc., is a private nonprofit corporation created     promotes the continued improvement, development,
                  specifically to organize, coordinate and sponsor re-          and utilization of the Nation's rivers, harbors, lakes,
                  search leading to action programs for achieving the           and water and land resources. Special committees have
                  full potential of future growth and development in            been established on Projects, Municipal and Indus-
                  the Great Lakes Megalopolis.                                  trial Water Use and Pollution Abatement, Irrigation
                     The project deals with the area surrounding the            and Reclamation, and Wildlife and Recreation. Over
                  Great Lakes, with primary focus on the development            50 State groups have been formed. Members rep-
                  of the urban system extending from Milwaukee                  resent State, city and county agencies; water and land
                  through Chicago, Detroit, Toledo, Cleveland, and              development associations; agricultural, commercial,

                                                                                                                                       39

                        industrial, labor and civic organizations; business             and the Old Northwest Territory and the archaeology
                        firms and individuals in navigation, irrigation and             and natural history of the State. In addition to books,
                        flood control.                                                  pamphlets, newspapers and maps, the library con-
                                         Ohio Historical Society                        tains over 1.5 million manuscripts. These include
                                                                                        diaries, journals, the correspondence of Ohio Gov-
                           The Ohio Historical Society collects printed, manu-          ernors and U.S. Presidents from Ohio, as well as papers
                        script, and pictorial materials on the history of Ohio          of other public figures of the State.

                        40

                                                                Appendix A
                      Marine and Marine-Related Organizational Addresses

                       This appendix contains the addresses of those organizations discussed in the text, as well as addresses of
                   organizations whose interests, while primarily land oriented, have broad spectrum responsibilities which affect
                   water resources. Many Federal agencies have major field offices in the Great Lakes area, and these field offices
                   are also listed.
                       Telephone numbers printed in italics are part of the Federal Telecommunications System (FTS).

                   UNITED STATES-CANADIAN COOPERATION                          Mr. Norman Baldwin, Secretary
                   Chairman, Canadian Section                                  International Association for Great Lakes Research
                   International joint Commission                              Post Office Box 640
                   United States and Canada                                    Ann Arbor, Mich. 48107
                   151 Slatter                                                      (313) 665-6847
                   Ottawa 4, Ontario, Canada                                   Mr. W. J. Drescher, Cochairman
                   Chairman, United States Section                             International Field Year on the Great Lakes
                   International joint Commission                              U.S. Geological Survey
                   United States and Canada                                    1815 University Avenue
                   1711 New York Avenue NW.                                    Madison, Wis. 53706
                   Washington, D.C. 20440                                           (608) 231-2200
                       (202) 347-3733                                          Mr. T. L. Richards, Cochairman
                   Mr. H. F. Lawhead, Member                                   International Field Year on the Great Lakes
                   Coordinating Committee on Great Lakes                       Meteorological Branch
                     Basic Hydraulics and Hydrologic Data                      Department of Transport
                   U.S. Army Engineer Division, North Central                  315 Bloor Street
                   536 South Clark Street                                      Toronto 5, Ontario, Canada
                   Chicago, Ill. 60605
                   Mr. Louis D. Kirshner, Member                                                      CANADA
                   Coordinating Committee on Great Lakes                       Director
                     Basic Hydraulic and Hydrologic Data                       Great Lakes Division
                   U.S. Army Engineer District, Lake Survey                    Canada Centre for Inland Waters
                   630 Federal Building and U.S. Courthouse                    Post Office Box 5050
                   Detroit, Mich. 48226                                        Burlington, Ontario, Canada
                   Executive Secretary                                              (416) 632-1940
                   Great Lakes Fishery Commission                              Canadian Committee on Oceanography
                   1451 Green Road                                             Office of the Secretary
                   Post Office Box 640
                   Ann Arbor, Mich. 48107                                        Fisheries Research Board of Canada
                       (313) 665-6847                                          Sir Charles Tupper Building
                   Mr. C. F. McNish                                            Confederation Heights
                   Chairman, U.S. Section                                      Ottawa 8, Ontario, Canada
                   Great Lakes Study Group                                     Great Lakes Working Group
                   Steering Committee                                          Canadian Committee on Oceanography
                   U.S. Army Engineer Division, North Central                  % Dr. E. K. Rodgers
                   536 South Clark Street                                      Great Lakes Institute
                   Chicago, 111. 60605                                         University of Toronto
                       (312) 353-6385 (312) 353-6406                           Toronto, Ontario, Canada

                                                                                                                                   41

                       Canadian Council of Resource Ministers                     President
                       620 Dorchester Boulevard, West                             National Research Council of Canada
                       Suite 830                                                  Administration Building
                       Montreal 2, Quebec, Canada                                 Montreal Road
                       Director                                                   Ottawa 7, Ontario, Canada
                       Conservation Authorities Branch                                                    Ontario
                       Department of Energy and Resources Management
                       880 Bay Street                                             Chief, Fish and Wildlife Branch
                       Toronto, Ontario, Canada                                   Department of Lands and Forests
                       Inland Waters Branch                                       Parliament Building
                       Department of Energy, Mines, and Resources                 Toronto, Ontario, Canada
                       588 Booth Street                                           Chief, Research Branch
                       Ottawa 4, Ontario, Canada                                  Department of Lands and Forests
                            (6t3) 994-9225                                        Maple, Ontario, Canada
                       Marine Sciences Branch                                     Hydro-Electric Power Commission of Ontario
                       Department of Energy, Mines and Resources                  Toronto, Ontario, Canada
                       615 Booth Street
                       Ottawa 3, Ontario, Canada                                  Executive Director
                       Director                                                   Ontario Economic Council
                       Resource Development Service                               950 Yonge Street
                       Department of Fisheries and Forestry                       Toronto 5, Ontario, Canada
                       Sir Charles Tupper Building                                General Manager
                       Confederation Heights                                      Ontario Water Resources Commission
                       Ottawa 8, Ontario, Canada                                  135 St. Clair Avenue West
                       Chief                                                      Toronto 7, Ontario, Canada
                       Public Health Engineering Division                              (416) 365-5115
                       Department of National Health and Welfare                  Director
                       Envirohmental Health Centre                                Great Lakes Institute
                       Tunnq@s Pasture                                            University of Toronto
                       Ottawa 3, Ontario, Canada                                  Toronto 5, Ontario, Canada
                            (613) 992-20tl and     992-8701                       Biology Department
                       Department of Public Works                                 University of Waterloo
                       Sir'Charles Tupper Building                                Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
                       Confederation Heights
                       Ottawa 8, Ontario, Canada                                                   UNITED STATES
                       Director
                       Meteorological Service                                                  Department of Agriculture
                       Department of Transport                                    U.S. Department of Agriculture
                       315 Bloor Street, West
                       Toronto 5, Ontario, Canada                                 14th Street and Independence Avenue SW.
                       Director                                                   Washington, D.C. 20250
                       Marine Hydraulics Branch                                        (202) RE 7-4t4l
                       Department of Transport                                      Agriculture Research Service
                       Room 3 t 8, Hunter Building                                     Soil and Water Conservation Research Division
                       O'Conner Street                                              Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service
                       Ottawa, Ontario, Canada                                         Economic Research Service
                            (613) 992-0102                                          Farmers Home Administration
                                                                                    Forest Service
                       Conservation Council of Ontario                                 Division of Flood Prevention and River Basin
                       85 King Street                                                    Programs
                       Toronto, Ontario, Canada                                        Division of Watershed Management
                       Fisheries Research Board of Canada                              Division of Watershed, Recreation and Range
                       Sir Charles Tupper Building                                       Research
                       Confederation Heights                                        National Agricultural Library
                       Ottawa 8, Ontario, Canada                                    Soil Conservation Service

                       42

                  Regional or State Offices:                                                  Department of Commerce
                     Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service
                     1405 South Harrison Road                                   U.S. Department of Commerce
                     East Lansing, Mich. 48823                                  Washington, D.C. 20235
                       (517) 372-1910                                                (202) ST 3-5200
                     Economic Research Service                                    Business and Defense Services Administration
                     North Central Resource Group                                 Economic Development Administration
                     Natural Resources Economics Division                         Maritime Administration
                     303 Manly Miles Building                                     Office of Business Economics
                     East Lansing, Mich. 48823                                  Environmental Science Services Administration
                       (517) 355-1772                                           U.S. Department of Commerce
                     Farmers Home Administration                                Rockville, Md. 20852
                     1405 South Harrison Road                                        (301) 65"060
                     East Lansing, Mich. 48823                                  Regional Office:
                       (517) 372-1910                                             North Central Area Office
                     Eastern Region Office                                        Economic Development Administration
                     U.S. Forest Service                                          200 West Superior Street
                     7 10 North Sixth Street                                      Duluth, Minn. 55802
                     Milwaukee, Wis. 53203                                           (218) 727-6692
                       (414) 272-8600                                                          Department of Defense
                     Soil Conservation Service
                     Federal Building                                           Office of the Chief of Engineers
                     200 West Church Street                                     Department of the Army
                     Post Office Box 678                                        Washington, D.C. 20315
                     Champaign, Ill. 61820                                           (202) 697-2925 or 697-7926
                     Soil Conservation Service                                  Regional Offices:
                     311 West Washington Street                                   Division Engineer
                     Indianapolis, Ind. 46202                                     U.S. Army Engineer Division, North Central
                     Soil Conservation Service                                    Room 1004
                     Room 101, 1405 South Harrison Road                           536 South Clark Street
                     East Lansing, Mich. 48823                                    Chicago, Ill. 60605
                       (517) 372-1910                                                (312) 353-6385 (312) 353-6310
                     Soil Conservation Service                                    District Engineer
                     200 Federal Building                                         U.S. Army Engineer District, Buffalo
                     U.S. Courthouse                                              Foot of Bridge Street
                     316 North Robert Street                                      Buffalo, N.Y. 14207
                     St. Paul, Minn. 55 101                                          (716) 876-5454
                     Soil Conservation Service
                     Midtown Plaza, Room 400                                      District Engineer
                     700 East Water Street                                        U.S. Army Engineer District, Chicago
                     Syracuse,N.Y. 13210                                          219 South Dearborn Street
                     Soil Conservation Service                                    Chicago, 111. 60604
                     311 Old Federal Building                                        (312) 353-6420 (312) 353-6400
                     Third and State Streets                                      District Engineer
                     Columbus, Ohio 43215                                         U.S. Army Engineer District, Detroit
                     Soil Conservation Service                                    Post Office Box 102 7
                     Federal Building and Courthouse                              Detroit, Mich. 48231
                     Box 985                                                         (313) 963-1261 (313) 963-1412
                     Harrisburg,Pa. 17101                                         District Engineer
                     Soil Conservation Service                                    U.S. Army Engineer District, Lake Survey
                     4601 Hammersley Road                                         630 Federal Building
                     Post Office Box 4248                                         Detroit, Mich. 48226
                     Madison, Wis. 53711                                             (313) 226-6162

                                                                                                                                     43

                         District Engineer                                         Federal Water Pollution Control Administration
                         U.S. Army Engineer District, St. Paul                     633 Indiana Avenue NW.
                         1217 U.S. Post Office and Customhouse                     Washington, D.C. 20242
                         St. Paul, Minn. 55 101                                         (202) 962-1070
                            (612) 228-7506 (612) 228-7501                          Regional Offices:
                       Department of the Navy                                        Regional Director
                       Office of Naval Research                                      Bureau of Commercial Fisheries
                       Washington, D.C. 20360                                        5 Research Drive
                            (202) 696-5104                                           Ann Arbor, Mich. 48103
                                                                                        (313) 663-8541
                         Department of Health, Education and Welfare                 Regional Director
                       Regional Program Chief                                        Bureau of Mines
                                                                                     Twin Cities Office of Mineral Resources
                       Environmental Control Administration                          East 58th Street at Mississippi River
                       Department of Health, Education and Welfare                   Minneapolis, Minn. 55417
                       335 Independence Avenue SW.
                       Washington, D.C. 20201                                        Regional Director
                            (202) 963-1110                                           Bureau of Outdoor Recreation
                       Regional Representative                                       Lake Central Region
                       Bureau of Water Hygiene                                       3853 Research Park Drive
                                                                                     Ann Arbor, Mich. 48104
                       Environmental Control Administration                             (313) 663-8541
                       Public Health Service                                         Regional Director
                       Department of Health, Education and Welfare                   Northeast Region
                       43 3 West Van Buren Street                                    Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife
                       Chicago, 111. 60607                                           U.S. Post Office and Courthouse
                            (312) 353-5244                                           Boston, Mass. 02019
                       Department of Housing and Urban Development                        (617) 223-2961
                                                                                     Regional Director
                       Community Resources Development Administration                North Central Region
                       Department of Housing and Urban Development                   Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife
                       451 Seventh Street SW.                                        1006 West Lake Street
                       Washington,D.C. 20410                                         Minneapolis, Minn. 55408
                            (202) 755-4000                                                (612) 725-3500
                         Regional Administrator                                      Regional Director
                                                                                     Federal Water Pollution Control Administration
                         Department of Housing and Urban Development                 33 East Congress Parkway
                         369 North Michigan Avenue                                   Chicago, 111. 60605
                         Chicago, Illinois 60601                                          (312) 353-5250
                              (312) 353-5680                                         Regional Hydrologist
                                    Department of the Interior                       Mid-Continent Region
                                                                                     Water Resources Division
                       Department of the Interior                                    U.S. Geological Survey
                       18th and C Streets NW.                                        Suite 212, West Port 104 Building
                       Washington, D.C. 20242                                        2222 Schuetz Road
                            (202) 343-1100                                           St. Louis, Mo. 63141
                         Bureau of Commercial Fisheries                                   (314) 368-7224
                         Bureau of Mines                                             Research Hydrologist
                         Bureau of Outdoor Recreation                                Mid-Continent Region
                         Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife                      Water Resources Division
                         U.S. Geological Survey                                      U.S. Geological Survey
                         National Park Service                                       1815 University Avenue
                         Office of Water Resources Research                          Madison, Wis. 53706
                            (202) 343-5975                                                (618) 231-2200

                       44

                     District Chief                                               District Chief
                     Illinois District                                            Wisconsin District
                     Water Resources Division                                     Water Resources Division
                     U.S. Geological Survey                                       U.S. Geological Survey
                     Post Office Box 1026                                         1815 University Avenue
                     605 North Neil Street                                        Madison, Wis. 53706
                     Champaign, Ill. 61820                                              (608) 262-2488
                          (217) 359-3918      (217) 356-1143                      National Park Service
                     District Chief                                               317 Manly Miles Building
                     Indiana District                                             Harrison Road
                     Water Resources Division                                     Lansing, Mich. 48823
                     U.S. Geological Survey                                             (517) 372-1910
                     Room 516, 611 North Park Avenue
                     Indianapolis, Ind. 46204                                              Department of Transportation
                          (317) 633-7398
                     District Chief                                             U.S. Coast Guard
                     Michigan District                                          Department of Transportation
                     Water Resources Division                                   1300 E Street
                     U.S. Geological Survey                                     Washington, D.C.
                     700 Capitol Savings and Loan Building                           (202) 964-5314
                     112 East Allegan Street                                    Commanding Officer
                     Lansing, Mich. 48933                                       U.S. Coast Guard
                          (517) 372-1561                                        Ninth District, Great Lakes Area
                     District Chief                                             1240 East Ninth Street
                     Minnesota District                                         Cleveland, Ohio 44199
                     Water Resources Division                                        (216) 522-3950
                     U.S. Geological Survey
                     1002 Post Office Building                                  St. Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation
                     St. Paul, Minn. 55 101                                     Seaway Circle
                          (612) 725-7841                                        Post Office Box 520
                     District Chief                                             Massena, N.Y. 13662
                     New York District                                               (315) 764-0271
                     Water Resources Division                                                    Other Organizations
                     U.S. Geological Survey                                     Chairman
                     Post Office Box 948                                        Atomic Energy Commission
                     Albany, N.Y. 12201                                         Washington, D.C. 20545
                          (518) 472-3107                                             (202) 973-1000
                     District Chief                                             Chairman
                     Ohio District
                     Water Resources Division                                   Federal Power Commission
                     U.S. Geological Survey                                     441 G Street NW.
                     975 West Third Avenue                                      Washington, D.C. 20426
                     Columbus, Ohio 43212                                            (202) 386-4566
                          (614) 469-5553                                        Chairman
                     District Chief                                             Great Lakes Basin Commission
                     Pennsylvania District                                      220 East Huron
                     Water Resources Division                                   Ann Arbor, Mich. 48108
                     U.S. Geological Survey                                          (313) 763-3590 (313) 663-8433
                     Post Office Box 1107                                       Executive Director
                     Fourth Floor Federal Building                              Great Lakes Commission
                     228 Walnut Street                                          2200 North Campus Boulevard
                     Harrisburg, Pa. 17108                                      Ann Arbor, Mich. 48105
                        (717) 787-3917 (717) 787-3420                                (313) 665-9135

                                                                                                                                      45

                      National Research Council                                    Chief
                      National Academy of Sciences                                 Illinois State Water Survey
                      2 101 Constitution Avenue NW.                                Department of Education and Registration
                      Washington, D.C. 20418                                       Post Office Box 232
                      National Council on Marine Resources and Engineer-           Urbana, Ill. 61802
                         ing Development                                                (217) 333-2210
                      Executive Office of the President                            Sanitary Water Board
                      Washington, D.C. 20500                                       616 State Office Building
                                                                                   Springfield, Ill. 62706
                      National Science Foundation
                      Environmental and Systematic Biology                              (217) 525-6580
                      1800 G Street NW.                                            Division of Sanitary Engineering
                      Washington, D.C. 20550                                       Department of Public Health
                           (202) 343-7888                                          State Office Building
                      Smithsonian Institution                                      Springfield, Ill. 62706
                      Office of Oceanography and Limnology                              (217) 525-6580
                      1000 Jefferson Drive SW.                                     Division of Waterways
                      Washington, D.C. 20500                                       Department of Public Works and Buildings
                           (202) 628-1810                                          201 West Monroe Street
                      Chairman                                                     Springfield, Ill. 62706
                      Water Resources Council                                           (217) 525-2503
                      Suite 900                                                    Chairman
                      1025 Vermont Avenue NW.                                      Biology Department
                      Washington, D.C. 20005                                       Illinois Institute of Technology
                           (202) 382-6104                                          Chicago, 111. 60616
                      Mr. Harold C. jordahl                                        Chief
                      Upper Great Lakes Regional Economic Development              Illinois Natural History Survey
                         Commission                                                Natural Resources Building
                      Suite 208                                                    Urbana, 111. 61801
                      303 Price Place                                                   (217) 333-6880
                      Madison, Wis. 53705
                           (608) 233-8166                                          Department of Biological Sciences
                                                                                   Northern Illinois University
                                STATES AND UNIVERSITIES                            DeKalb, Ill. 60115
                      Dr. Carlisle P. Runge, Director                              The Technological Institute
                      Council on Economic Growth, Technology and Public            Northwestern University
                         Policy                                                    Evanston, Ill. 60201
                      Committee on Institutional Cooperation                       Water Resources Center
                      Law School                                                   2535 Hydrosystems Laboratory
                      University of Wisconsin                                      University of Illinois
                      Madison, Wis. 53706                                          Urbana, Ill. 61801
                              (606) 262-2240                                            (217) 333-0536

                                            ILLINOIS                                                     INDIANA
                      Director                                                     Director
                      Department of Agriculture                                    Department of Natural Resources
                      Division of Soil and Water Conservation                      603 State Office Building
                      Fairgrounds                                                  100 North Senate Avenue
                      Springfield, 111. 62706                                      Indianapolis, Ind. 46204
                           (217) 525-2274                                               (317) 633-5267
                      Director                                                     Assistant Commissioner for Environmental Health
                      Department of Conservation                                   Indiana State Board of Health
                      102 State Office Building                                    1330 West Michigan Street
                      Springfield, Ill. 62706                                      Indianapolis, Ind. 46206
                           (217) 525-6302                                               (317) 663-4420

                      46

                   Executive Secretary                                         Office of Research and Development
                   State Soil and Water Conservation Commission                Northern Michigan University
                   Room 5, A.E.S. Building                                     Marquette, Mich. 48953
                   Purdue University                                           Great Lakes Research Division
                   Lafayette, Ind. 47907                                       University of Michigan
                   Technical Secretary                                         North University Building
                   Stream Pollution Control Board                              Ann Arbor, Mich. 48104
                   State Board of Health Building                                   (313) 764-2420
                   1330 West Michigan Street
                   Indianapolis, Ind. 46206                                                       MINNESOTA
                        (317) 633-4420                                         Department of Agriculture
                   Water Resources Research Center                             State Office Building
                   Life Science Building                                       St. Paul, Minn. 55101
                   Purdue University                                                (612) 221-6187
                   Lafayette, Ind. 47907
                        (317) 749-2892                                         Commissioner
                   Dr. Harry C. Saxe                                           Department of Conservation
                   Chairman, Department of Civil Engineering                   301 Centennial Building
                   Notre Dame University                                       658 Cedar Street
                   Notre Dame, Ind. 46556                                      St. Paul, Minn. 55101
                                                                                    (612) 221-2549
                                        MICHIGAN                               Department of Economic Development
                   Executive Secretary                                         57 West Seventh Street
                   Soil Conservation Committee                                 St. Paul, Minn. 55101
                   Department of Agriculture                                        (612) 221-2887
                   324 Natural Resources Building                              Minnesota Department of Health
                   East Lansing, Mich. 48823                                   717 Delaware Street SE.
                        (517) 355-3346                                         Minneapolis, Minn. 55440
                   Director                                                         (612) 339-7751
                   Department of Natural Resources                             Minnesota Pollution Control Agency
                   Stevens T. Mason Building                                   717 Delaware Street SE.
                   Lansing, Mich. 48926                                        Minneapolis, Minn. 55440
                        (517) 373-1220                                              (612) 339-8571
                   Director                                                    School of Public Health
                   Department of Public Health                                 University of Minnesota
                   Division of Environmental Health
                   3500 North Logan Street                                     Minneapolis, Minn. 55455
                   Lansing, Mich. 48914                                        Executive Secretary
                        (517) 373-1321                                         State Soil and Water Conservation Commission
                   Michigan State Waterways Commission                         University of Minnesota
                   Stevens T. Mason Building                                   St. Paul, Minn. 55101
                   Lansing, Mich. 48926                                             (612) 221-3767
                        (517) 373-0626                                         Administrative Secretary
                   Executive Secretary                                         Water Resources Board
                   Water Resources Commission                                  353 Centennial Building
                   200 Mill Street                                             St. Paul, Minn. 55101
                   Lansing, Mich. 48916                                             (612) 221-2577
                        (517) 373-3560                                         Water Resources Planning Director
                   Institute of Water Research                                 State Planning Agency
                   Michigan State University                                   St. Paul, Minn. 55101
                   East Lansing, Mich. 48823                                        (612) 646-6309

                                                                                                                                    47

                                             NEW YORK                                                       OHIO

                       Secretary                                                   Director
                       Division of Fish and Game                                   Ohio Development Department
                       State Fish and Wildlife Management Board                    65 South Front Street
                       State Campus                                                Columbus, Ohio 43215
                       Albany, N.Y. 12226                                                (614) 469-2480
                             (518) 457-5690                                        Executive Director
                       Division of Environmental Health Services                   Ohio Water Development Authority
                       State Department of Health                                  2340 LeVeque Lincoln Tower
                       84 Holland Avenue                                           50 West Broad Street
                                                                                   Columbus, Ohio 43215
                       Albany, N.Y. 12208                                                (614) 469-5822
                             (518) 474-2061                                        Director
                       Unit Leader                                                 Ohio Department of Health
                       New York Cooperative Fishery Unit                           Post Office Box 118
                       Fernow Hall                                                 Columbus, Ohio 43215
                       Cornell University                                                (614) 469-2253
                       Ithaca, N.Y. 14850                                          Director
                             (607) 275-2014                                        Ohio Department of Natural Resources
                       New York State Power Authority                              907 Ohio Departments Building
                       10 Columbus Circle                                          Columbus, Ohio 43215
                       New York, N.Y. 10019                                              (614) 469-3770
                             (212) 265-6510                                        Ohio Department of Public Works
                       Departments of Biology and Geology                          Ohio Departments Building
                                                                                   Columbus, Ohio 43215
                       Alfred University                                                 (614) 469-4133
                       Alfred, N.Y. 14802                                          Director
                             (607) 587-8122 Biology                                Ohio Department of Urban Affairs
                             (607) 587-3712 Geology                                3500 LeVeque Lincoln Tower
                       Executive Secretary                                         50 West Broad Street
                       State Soil and Water Conservation Committee                 Columbus, Ohio 43215
                       Caldwell Hall                                                     (614) 469-5467
                       Cornell University                                          Executive Secretary
                       Ithaca, N.Y. 14850                                          Ohio Water and Sewer Rotary Commission
                       Water Resources Center                                      Box 1001, 65 South Front Street
                       Cornell University                                          Columbus, Ohio 43215
                       Ithaca, N.Y. 14850                                                (614) 469-2259
                             (607) 273-2385                                        Water Pollution Control Board
                       Director                                                    Post Office Box 118
                       Great Lakes Laboratory                                      Columbus, Ohio 43216
                       Division of Mathematics and Sciences                              (614) 469-4891
                       State University College at Buffalo                         Director
                       5 Porter Avenue                                             Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center
                       Buffalo, N.Y. 14201                                         Wooster Ohio 44691
                             (716) 862-5422
                                                                                         (216) 264-1021
                       Department of Civil Engineering                             Unit Leader
                       State University of New York at Buffalo                     Ohio Cooperative Fishery Unit
                       Buffalo, N.Y. 14214                                         Ohio State University
                       Department of Geology                                       1735 Neil Avenue
                       Syracuse University                                         Columbus, Ohio 43210
                       Syracuse, N.Y. 13210                                              (614) 2934961

                       48

                  Unit Leader                                                 Executive Director
                  Ohio Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit                     Pennsylvania Fish Commission
                  Ohio State University                                       Post Office Box 1673
                  Columbus, Ohio 43210                                        Harrisburg, Pa. 17120
                       (614) 293-6112                                              (717) 787-6593
                  Executive Secretary                                         Executive Secretary
                  Soil and Water Conservation Committee                       Pennsylvania Soil and Water Conservation
                  Ohio State University                                         Commission
                  1827 Neil Avenue                                            2301 North Cameron Street
                  Columbus, Ohio 43210                                        Harrisburg, Pa. 17120
                       (614) 294-3997                                              (717) 787-3267
                  Director                                                    Vice President for Research
                  School of Natural Resources                                 Pennsylvania State University
                  Ohio State University                                       207 Old Main Building
                  124 West 17th Avenue                                        University Park, Pa. 16802
                  Columbus, Ohio, 43210                                            (814) 865-6331
                       (614) 293-2265                                         Water Resources Center
                  Water Resources Center                                      Pennsylvania State University
                  Ohio State University                                       University Park, Pa. 16802
                  1791 Neil Avenue                                                 (814) 865-8355
                  Columbus, Ohio 43210                                        Department of Civil Engineering
                       (614) 293-6108                                         Carnegie Institute of Technology
                  Department of Biology                                       Schenley Park
                  University of Akron                                         Pittsburgh, Pa. 15213
                  Akron, Ohio 44304                                                (381) 621-2600

                                   PENNSYLVANIA                                                   WISCONSIN
                  Secretary                                                   Department of Natural Resources
                  Department of Forests and Waters                            Post Office Box 450
                  Post Office Box 1467                                        Madison, Wis. 53701
                  Harrisburg, Pa. 17120                                            (608) 266-2121
                       (717) 787-2814                                         Executive Secretary
                  Chairman                                                    Soil Conservation Board
                  Sanitary Water Board                                        Room 110, King Hall
                  Pennsylvania Department of Health                           University of Wisconsin
                  Post Office Box 90                                          Madison, Wis. 53706
                  Harrisburg, Pa. 17120                                            (608) 262-2634
                       (717) 787-6436                                         Director
                  Bureau of Topographic and Geologic Survey                   Geological and Natural History Survey
                  Pennsylvania State Planning Board                           University Extension
                  Harrisburg, Pa. 17120                                       University of Wisconsin
                       (717) 787-2169                                         1815 University Avenue
                  Unit Leader                                                 Madison, Wis. 53706
                  Pennsylvania Cooperative Fishery Unit                            (608) 262-1705
                  208 Life Sciences Building                                  Water Resources Center
                  Pennsylvania State University                               Hydraulics and Sanitary Laboratory
                  University Park, Pa. 16802                                  University of Wisconsin
                       (814) 865-6592                                         Madison, Wis. 53706
                  Unit Leader                                                      (608) 262-3577
                  Pennsylvania Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit             Center for Great Lakes Studies
                  Pennsylvania State University                               University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
                  University Park, Pa. 16802                                  Milwaukee, Wis. 53201
                       (814) 865-4511                                              (414) 228-4405

                                                                                                                                  49

                       Marine Studies Center                                         American Water Resources Association
                       University of Wisconsin                                       Post Office Box 434
                       1225 West Dayton Street                                       Urbana, Ill. 61801
                       Madison, Wis. 53706                                                (217) 367-9695
                            (608) 262-1585                                           Association of Midwest Fish and Game Commissioners
                                                 PRIVATE                             Missouri Conservation Department
                                                                                     Post Office Box 180
                       American Conservation Association, Inc.                       Jefferson City, Mo. 65 101
                       30 Rockefeller Plaza                                               (314) 636-8141
                       New York, N.Y. 10020                                          Association of State and Interstate Water Pollution
                            (212) 247-8141                                             Control Administrators
                       American Fisheries Society                                       Arkansas Pollution Control Commission
                       1040 Washington Building                                      1100 Harrington Avenue
                       Washington, D.C. 20005                                        Little Rock, Ark. 72202
                            (202) 347-9717                                                (501) 375-4438
                       American Geophysical Union                                    Chamber of Commerce of the United States
                       Suite 506                                                     Community Regional Natural Resources Development
                       1145 19th Street NW.
                       Washington, D.C. 20036                                          Group
                            (202) 333-8010                                           1615 H Street NW.
                       American Public Power Association                             Washington, D.C. 20006
                       Suite 830                                                          (202) 628-2380
                       919 18th Street NW.                                           Citizens Commission on Natural Resources
                       Washington, D.C. 20037                                        1346 Connecticut Avenue NW.
                            (202) 296-4215                                           Washington, D.C. 20036
                       American Public Works Association                                  (202) 387-1261
                       1313 East 60th Street                                         Council of State Governments
                       Chicago, Ill. 60637                                           1313 East 60th Street
                            (312) 324-3400                                           Chicago, Ill. 60637
                       American Shore and Beach Preservation Association                  (312) 324-3400
                       Post Office Box 1246                                          Developing Great Lakes Megalopolis Research Project,
                       Rockville, Md. 20850                                            Inc.
                            (301) 299-5603                                           2200 North Campus Boulevard
                       American Society of Civil Engineers                           Ann Arbor, Mich. 48105
                       United Engineering Center                                          (313) 764-1576
                       345 East 47th Street                                          Great Lakes Foundation
                       New York, N.Y. 100 17                                         2200 North Campus Boulevard
                            (212) 752-6800                                           Ann Arbor, Mich. 48105
                       American Society of Limnology and Oceanography                     (313) 763-0108
                       7o Department of Oceanography                                 Great Lakes Historical Society
                       Oregon State University                                       302 Republic Building
                       Corvallis, Oreg. 97331                                        Cleveland, Ohio 44115
                            (503) 754-2991                                                (216) 241-6516
                       American Society of Planning Officials                        Izaak Walton League of America
                       1313 East 60th Street                                         1326 Waukegan Road
                       Chicago, Ill. 60637                                           Glenview, 111. 60025
                            (312) 324-3400                                                (312) 724-3880
                       American Society of Sanitary Engineering                      Lake Carriers' Association
                       228 Standard Building                                         Rockefeller Building, 12th Floor
                       Cleveland, Ohio 44113                                         Cleveland, Ohio 44113
                            (216) 771-6677                                                (216) 621-1107

                       50

                 League of Women Voters of the United States                Northeastern Minnesota Development Association
                 Water Resources Committee                                  835 First American National Bank Building
                 1200 17th Street NW.                                       230 West Superior Street
                 Washington, D.C. 20036                                     Duluth, Minn. 55802
                      (202) 296-1770                                             (218) 722-1484
                 National Council for Air and Stream Improvement            Ohio Historical Society
                 103 Park Avenue                                            1813 North High Street
                 New York, N.Y. 100 17                                      Columbus, Ohio 432 10
                      (212) 889-5416                                             (614) 299-1179
                 National Geographic Society                                Resources For The Future, Inc.
                 1145 17th Street NW.                                       1755 Massachusetts Avenue NW.
                 Washington, D.C. 20036                                     Washington, D.C. 20036
                      (202) 296-7500                                             (202) 462-4400
                 National Recreation and Park Association                   Sport Fishing Institute
                 1700 Pennsylvania Avenue NW.                               719 13th Street NW.
                 Washington, D.C. 20001                                     Washington, D.C. 20005
                      (202) 223-3030                                             (202) 737-0668
                 National Rivers and Harbors Congress                       Upper Great Lakes Economic Development
                 Suite 523-A                                                  Commission
                 1028 Connecticut Avenue NW.                                803 Landsdale Building
                 Washington, D.C. 20036                                     302 West Superior Street
                      (202) 296-3116                                        Duluth, Minn. 55802
                 National Sanitation Foundation                                  (218) 722-6635
                 School of Public Health                                    Upper Midwest Research and Development Council
                 Univer .sity of Michigan                                   750 Federal Reserve Bank Building
                 Post Office Box 1468                                       Minneapolis, Minn. 55440
                 Ann Arbor, Mich. 48104                                          (612) 373-3724
                 National Wildlife Federation                               Water Pollution Control Federation
                 1412 16th Street NW.                                       3900 Wisconsin Avenue NW.
                 Washington, D.C. 20036                                     Washington, D.C. 20016
                      (202) 232-8004                                             (202) 362-4100
                 North Central Audubon Council
                 536 La Plant Street
                 Green Bay, Wis. 54302

                                                                                                                               51

                                                                 Appendix B
                       Planning and Coordinating Organizational Addresses

                       This appendix lists institutions in the Great Lakes Basin that are involved with planning or coordination.

                                         ILLINOIS                                Director
                  Executive Director                                             Huron-Clinton Metropolitan Authority
                  Northeastern Illinois Regional Planning Commission             1750 Guardian Building
                  400 West Madison Street                                        Detroit, Mich. 48226
                  Chicago, 111. 60606                                                 (313) 961-5865
                       (312) 263-1266                                            Executive Secretary
                                                                                 Huron River Watershed Council
                  Director                                                       415 West Washington Street
                  Department of Business and Economic Development                Ann Arbor, Mich. 48103
                  State of Illinois                                                   (313) 665-0514
                  222 South College Street
                  Springfield, Ill. 26706                                        Jackson Metropolitan Area Regional Planning
                                                                                   Commission
                                         INDIANA                                 312 South Jackson, Room 514
                  Allen County Plan Commission                                   Jackson, Mich. 49201
                  209 National Management Building                                    (517) 782-0511
                  Fort Wayne, Ind. 46802                                         Kalamazoo Metropolitan County Planning Com-
                       (219) 743-0535                                              mission
                  Area Plan Commission of St. Joseph County                      County Building
                  129 West Colfax Avenue                                         227 West Michigan Avenue
                  South Bend, Ind. 46601                                         Kalamazoo, Mich. 49006
                       (219) 233-2955                                                 (616) 343-1201
                  Lake-Porter County      Regional Transportation and            Kent County Planning Department
                    Planning Commission                                          750 Fuller Avenue, North East
                  Lake County Court House                                        Grand Rapids, Mich. 49503
                  Grown Point, Ind. 46307
                       (219) 663-5606                                                 (616) 456-3731
                                                                                 Kent-Ottawa Regional Planning Commission
                  Chair-man              MICHIGAN                                Kent County Courthouse
                  Association of Grand Rapids Area Governments                   Grand Rapids, Mich, 49502
                  3063 Wilson Avenue                                                  (616) 456-3000
                  Grandville, Mich. 49418                                        Executive Secretary
                  Bay Regional Commission                                        Michigan Grand River Watershed Council
                  807 County Building                                            609 Prudden Building
                  Bay City, Mich. 48707                                          Lansing, Mich. 48933
                       (517) 892-6011                                                 (517) 489-0552
                  Genesee County Metropolitan Planning Commission                Monroe County Planning Commission
                  930 Beach Street                                               Courthouse
                  Flint, Mich. 48502                                             Monroe, Mich. 48161
                       (313) 232-7186                                                 (313) 241-6066

                                                                                                                                        53

                       Muskegon County Planning Commission                        Central New York Regional Planning and Develop-
                       County Building                                              ment Board
                       Muskegon, Mich. 49440                                      321 East Water Street
                            (616) 726-4711                                        Syracuse, N.Y. 13202
                       Oakland County Planning Commission                              (315) 422-8276
                       One Lafayette Street                                       Erie-Niagara Basin Board
                       Pontiac, Mich. 48053                                       4184 Seneca Street
                            (313) 334-1531                                        West Seneca, N.Y. 14244
                       Regional Planning and Transportation Committee                  (716) 674-6700
                       Norton Town Hall                                           Erie and Niagara Counties Regional Planning Board
                       Henry Street                                               1880 Grand Island Boulevard
                       Muskegon, Mich. 49441                                      Grand Island, N.Y. 14072
                       Saginaw County Metropolitan Planning Commission                 (716) 693-2727
                       Courthouse                                                 Genesee Finger Lakes Area Regional Planning Board
                       Saginaw, Mich. 48601                                       301 County Office Building
                            (517) 793-9100                                        Rochester, N.Y. 14614
                       Chairman                                                   Director
                       Southeast Michigan Council of Goverments                   Herkimer-Oneida joint Planning Board
                       211 West Fort Street                                       Oneida County Courthouse
                       Detroit, Mich. 48226                                       Utica, N.Y. 13501
                            (313) 961-4266                                             (315) 735-3371
                                                                                  Monroe County Planning Council
                       Tri-County Regional Planning Commission                    301 County Office Building
                       535 North Clippert Street                                  Rochester, N.Y. 14614
                       Lansing, Mich 48912                                             (716) 454-7200
                            (517) 372-1810                                        Niagara County Industrial Development and Planning
                       Washtenaw County      Metropolitan Planning Com-             Board
                         mission                                                  Courthouse
                       306 County Building                                        Lockport, N.Y. 14094
                       Ann Arbor, Mich. 48108                                          (716) 434-2871
                            (313) 663-7511                                        Niagara-Frontier Transportation and Port Authority
                                             MINNESOTA                            1700 City Hall
                                                                                  Buffalo, N.Y. 14202
                       Duluth-Superior Metropolitan Area Planning and                  (716) 856-6524
                         Transportation Study                                     Oneida County Department of Planning
                       409 City Hall                                              County Courthouse
                       Duluth, Minn. 55802                                        Utica, N.Y. 13501
                            (218) 727-4522                                             (315) 735-3371
                       Northeast Minnesota   Development Authority                Onondaga County Planning Department
                       500 Alworth Building                                       211 East Water Street
                       Duluth, Minn. 55802                                        Syracuse, N.Y. 13202
                            (218) 722-1484                                             (315) 477-7647
                       Saint Louis County Planning Advisory Commission            Wayne County Planning Board
                       305 Courthouse                                             Pearl Street
                       Duluth, Minn. 55802                                        Lyons, N.Y. 11489
                            (218) 727-4522                                             (315) 946-4721
                                             NEW YORK                                                    OHIO
                       Black River-St. Lawrence Economic Development              Adams County Regional Planning Commission
                         Commission, Inc.                                         Mr. David R. List, Planning Director
                       St. Lawrence University                                    Adams County Courthouse, Room 4
                       Canton, New York 13617                                     West Union, Ohio
                            (315) 386-455 1, Ext. 264                                  (513) 544-3043

                       54

                  Akron, Cleveland, Lorain-Elyria SMSA                        Lakewood City Planning Commission
                  Northeast Ohio Areawide Coordinating Agency                 Mr. Eric S. Lane, Planning Director
                  ATTN: William P. Erwin, Director                            Municipal Building
                  378 The Arcade                                              Lakewood, Ohio 44107
                  Cleveland, Ohio 44114                                            (216) 521-7580
                  Akron Municipal Planning Commission                         Lima City Planning Commission
                  Mr. James A. Alkire, Director                               Mr. George Kruse, Jr., Director
                  166 South High Street                                       607 Savings Building
                  Akron, Ohio 44308                                           Lima, Ohio 53201
                       (216) 376-1431                                              (419) 225-3201
                  Ashtabula County Planning Commission                        Lima-Allen County Regional Planning Commission
                  Mr. Eber L. Wright, Director                                (701 Areawide Review Agency-Lima SMSA)
                  24 North Chestnut Street                                    XTTN: Mr. Philip Boyle, Director
                  Jefferson, Ohio                                             204-205 Dominion Building
                       (216) 476-4916                                         Lima, Ohio 45802
                  Barberton City Planning Commission                            . (419) 224-6726
                  Mr. Curtis G. White, Planning Director/Secretary            Lorain County Regional Planning Commission
                  City Hall                                                   Mr. Richard W. McGinnis, Director
                  Barberton, Ohio 44203                                       21 Turner Block, Court Street
                       (216) 753-5291                                         Elyria, Ohio 44035
                  Cleveland City Planning Commission                               (216) 332-4725
                  Mr. Eric Grubb, Planning Director                           Mercer County Regional Planning Commission
                  501 City Hall                                               Mr. Homer Frahm, Chairman
                  Cleveland, Ohio 44114                                       Route 3
                       (216) 694-2000                                         Celina, Ohio 45822
                  Cleveland Heights City Planning Commission                       (419) 586-7080
                  Mr. Earl J. Murphy, Planning Director                       Northeast Ohio Council of Governments
                  2953 Mayfield Road                                          Room 387
                  Cleveland Heights, Ohio 44118                               Arcade
                       (216) 321-0100                                         Cleveland, Ohio 44114
                  Erie Regional Planning Commission                                (216) 621-1191
                  Mr. H. Mahnami, Director                                    Ottawa Regional Planning Commission
                  1200 Sycamore Line                                          Mr. William Dupps, Director
                  Sandusky, Ohio                                              217 Madison Street
                       (419) 625-9062                                         Port Clinton, Ohio 43452
                  Geauga County Planning Commission                                (419) 734-2153
                  Mr. Robert Ranney, Planning Director                        Regional Planning Commission
                  Courthouse Annex                                            Arcade
                  Chardon, Ohio 44024                                         Cleveland, Ohio 44114
                       (216) 285-2222                                              (216) 522-3131
                  Hancock Regional Planning Commission                        Regional Planning Commission (Cuyahoga)
                  Mr. William D. Leever, Director                             Mr. William B. Henry, Director
                  230 East Sandusky Street                                    415 The Arcade
                  Findlay, Ohio                                               Cleveland, Ohio 44114
                       (419) 422-3322                                              (216) 861-6805
                  Lake County Planning Commission                             Toledo-Lucas County Planning Commission
                  Mr. Jack Donovan, Director                                  Mr. Lawrence Murray, Planning Director
                  Courthouse                                                  445 Huron Street
                  Painesville, Ohio                                           Toledo, Ohio 43604
                       (216) 352-6281, Ext. 306                                    (419) 248-5911

                                                                                                                                   55

                       Toledo Metropolitan Area Council of Governments                              WISCONSIN
                       (701 Areawide Review Agency-Toledo SMSA)                  Chairman
                       ATTN: Lawrence Murray, Director                           Fox Valley Council of Governments
                       % Toledo-Lucas County Planning Commission                 12th Floor, Zuelke Building
                       445 Huron Street                                          103 West College Avenue
                       Toledo, Ohio 43604                                        Appleton, Wis. 549,11
                                                                                      (414) 739-6156
                       Tri-County Regional Planning Commission                   Green Bay-Brown County Planning Commission
                       Mr. Raymond Robinson, Executive Director                  City Hall, Room 604
                       415 South Portage Path                                    Green Bay, Wis. 54301
                       Akron, Ohio 44320                                              (414) 437-7611
                            (216) 535-2644                                       Chairman
                       Williams County Planning Commission                       Intergovernmental Cooperation Council
                       Mr. M. Hummel, Chairman                                   % Village of Whitefish Bay
                       Fourth Floor                                              801 East Lexington Boulevard
                       Courthouse                                                Milwaukee, Wis. 53217
                       Bryan, Ohio  43506                                        Director
                            (419) 636-2059                                       Northeast Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission
                       Wood County Planning Commission                           2111 North Richmond
                       Mr. Milton Bengtson, Planning Director                    Appleton, Wis. 54911
                       541 West Wooster Street                                        (414) 739-4250
                       Bowling Green, Ohio 43402                                 Chairman
                            (419) 345-5822                                       Southeast Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission
                                                                                 Post Office Box 769
                                        PENNSYLVANIA                             Waukesha, Wis. 53186
                                                                                      (414) 542-8083
                       Erie County Planning Commission                           Wolf River Basin Regional Planning Commission
                       Courthouse                                                1103 West Foster
                       Erie, Pa.-16501                                           Appleton, Wis. 54911
                            (814) 456-8851                                            (414) 739-4250

                       56

                                                                       Appendix C
                                                            Informational Sources

                        This appendix lists information sources for persons interested in learning more about the Great Lakes. The
                   first section lists books about the region or individual lakes. The next section lists some recent publications by
                   U.S. Federal agencies concerning the lakes. Single copies of these publications are free. The third section lists
                   periodicals directly concerned with the Great Lakes. The last section lists newsletters that often contain informa-
                   tion on the lakes.

                                             BOOKS                                      U.S. Corps of Engineers, Lake Survey District. 1968. Direc-
                                                                                          tory and Project Forecasts. The Great Lakes. 121 pp.
                   Aitken, Hugh G. J. 1954. The Welland Canal Company: A                  Great Lakes Regional Data Center, U.S. Corps of Engi-
                     Study in Canadian Enterprise. Harvard University Press,              neers, Lake Survey District, 630 Federal Building, Detroit,
                     Cambridge, Mass. 178 pp.                                             Mich. 48226. Issued periodically.
                   Becton, A. M., and D. C. Chandler. 1966. "The St. Lawrence
                     Great Lakes" in Limnology in North America, edited by                                       Lake Eric
                     D. G. Frey. University of Wisconsin, Madison. 734 pp.
                   Boyer, Dwight. 1968. Ghost Ships of the Great Lakes. Dodd,           U.S. Bureau of Outdoor Recreation. 1966. Water Oriented
                     Mead & Co., New York. 294 pp.                                        Outdoor Recreation, Lake Erie Basin. 100 pp. Bureau of
                   Engineering Institute of Canada and American Society of                Outdoor Recreation, 3853 Research Park Drive, Ann,
                     Civil Engineers. 1968. Proceedings of Great Lakes Water              Arbor, Mich. 48104.
                     Resources Conference, June 24-26, 1968, Toronto, Canada.           U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1967. Fish and Wildlife as
                     489 pp.                                                              Related to Water Quality of the Lake Erie Basin. 170 pp.
                   Hatcher, Harlan. 1944. The Great Lakes. Oxford University              Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, 1006 West Lake
                     Press, New York. 384 pp.                                             Street, Minneapolis, Minn. 55408.
                   Hatcher, Harlan. 1945. Lake Erie. Bobbs-Merrill Co., Indi-           U.S. Federal Pollution Control Administration. 1968. Lake
                     anapolis. 416 pp.                                                    Erie Report: A Plan for Water Pollution Control. 108 pp.
                   Havighurst, Walter. 1961. The Long Ships Passing. The                  FWPCA, 633 Indiana Avenue NW., Washington, D.C.
                     Story of the Great Lakes. Macmillan, New York. 291 pp.               20242.
                   Havighurst, Walter (ed.). 1966. The Great Lakes Reader.
                     Macmillan, New York. 421 pp.                                                              Lake Huron
                   Landon, Fred. 1944. Lake Huron. Bobbs-Merrill Co., Indi-             U.S. Bureau of Outdoor Recreation. 1967. Water-Oriented
                     anapolis. 398 pp.                                                    Recreation in the Lake Huron Basin, Michigan. 140 pp.
                   Malkus, Aldin. 1966. Blue Water Boundary: Epic Highway
                     of the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence. Hasting House Publ.,            Bureau of Outdoor Recreation, 3853 Research Park Drive,
                     New York. 308 pp.                                                    Ann Arbor, Mich. 48104.
                   McKee, R. 1966. Great Lakes Country. Thomas T. Crowell               U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Fish and Wildlife as Related
                     Co., New York. 242 pp.                                               to Water Quality of the Lake Huron Basin. (In press.)
                   Nute, Grace. 1944. Lake Superior. Bobbs-Merrill Co., Indi-             Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, 1006 West Lake
                     anapolis. 376 pp.                                                    Street, Minneapolis, Minn. 55408.
                   Pound, Arthur. 1945. Lake Ontario. Bobbs-Merrill Co., Indi-                                Lake Michigan
                     anapolis. 384 pp.
                   Quaife, Milo. 1944. Lake Michigan. Bobbs-Merrill Co., Indi-          U.S. Bureau of Outdoor Recreation. 1965. Water-Oriented
                     anapolis. 384 pp.                                                    Recreation, Lake Michigan Basin, Illinois, Wisconsin,
                                                                                          Michigan, Indiana. 150 pp. Bureau of Outdoor Recreation,
                     FEDERAL PUBLICATIONS CONCERNING                                      3853 Research Park Drive, Ann Arbor, Mich. 48104.
                                          THE LAKES                                     U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1966. Fish and Wildlife as
                                                                                          Related to Water Quality of the Lake Michigan Basin.
                   Canadian Committee on Oceanography. 1968. Directory and                188 pp. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, 1006 West
                     Project Forecasts, 1968. The Great Lakes and Other Large             Lake Street, Minneapolis, Minn. 55408.
                     Lakes. 137 pp. The Canadian Committee on Oceanography,             U.S. Federal Water Pollution Control Administration. 1968.
                     Office of the Secretary, % Fisheries Research Board of               Water Pollution Problems of Lake Michigan and Tribu-
                     Canada, Sir Charles Tupper Building, Confederation                   taries: Action for Clean Water. 74 p. FWPCA, 633 Indiana
                     Heights, Ottawa 8, Ontario, Canada. Issued periodically.             Avenue NW., Washington, D.C. 20242.

                                                                                                                                                     57

                                                 Lake Ontario                                                     NEWSLETTERS
                           U.S. Bureau of Outdoor Recreation. Water-Oriented Recrea-          Clean Air and Water News. Published weekly by Commerce
                             tion in the Lake Ontario Basin, New York. (In press.)              Clearing House, Inc., 4025 Peterson Ave., Chicago, Ill.
                             Bureau of Outdoor Recreation, 3853 Research Park Drive,            60646. $60 per year.
                             Ann Arbor, Mich. 48104.                                   ted    Conservation Report. Published weekly by the National Wild-
                           U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Fish and Wildlife as Rela            life Federation, 1412 16th Street NW., Washington, D.C.
                             To Water Quality of the Lake Ontario Basin. (In press.)            20036. L. S. Clapper (ed.). No charge.
                             Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, 1006 West Lake           Conservation News. Published biweekly by the National Wild-
                             Street, Minneapolis, Minn. 55408.
                           U.S. Federal Water Pollution Control Administration. 1968.           life Federation, 1412 16th Street NW., Washington, D.C.
                             Lake Ontario and St. Lawrence River Basins: Water Pol-             20036. No charge.
                             lution Problems and Improvement Needs. 125 p. FWPCA        ,     Highlights. Published monthly by the Water Pollution Con-
                             633 Indiana Avenue NW., Washington, D.C. 20242.                    trol Federation, 3900 Wisconsin Avenue, Washington, D.C.
                                                                                                20016. $1.00 per year.
                                                 Lake Superior                                Outdoor News Bulletin. Published biweekly by the Wildlife
                           U.S. Bureau of Outdoor Recreation. Water-Oriented Recrea-            Management Institute, 709 Wire Building, Washington,
                             tion in the Lake Superior Basin, Michigan, Wisconsin,              D.C. 20005. D. A. Poole (ed.). No charge.
                             Minnesota. (In press.) Bureau of Outdoor Recreation,             Research and Development News. Published monthly by the
                             3853 Research Park Drive, Ann Arbor, Mich. 48104.                  Water Information Center, Inc., 44 Sintsink Drive East,
                           U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Fish and Wildlife as Related         Port Washington, Long Island, N.Y. Subscription rates on
                             to Water Quality of the Lake Superior Basin. (In press.)           request.
                             Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, 1006 West Lake           Washington Waterline. Published weekly, Paul Tsompanas
                             Street, Minneapolis, Minn. 55408.                                  (ed.). Post Office Box 1824, Washington, D.C. 20013.
                                                  JOURNALS                                      $110.00 a year.
                                                                                              Water in the News. Published Monthly by the Soap and De-
                           Inland Seas. A quarterly journal of the Great Lakes Historical       tergent Association, 485 Madison Avenue, New York,
                             Society. Business Office, 320 Republic Building, Cleveland,        N.Y. 10022. Mary C. Ansbro (ed.). No charge.
                             Ohio 44115. $6.00 per year.                                      Water Newsletter. Published twice monthly by Water Infor-
                           Limnos. A quarterly publication of the Great Lakes Founda-           mation Center, Inc., 44 Sintsink Drive East, Port Washing-
                             tion. 2200 North Campus Boulevard, Ann Arbor, Mich.
                             48105. Regular (membership) $7.00 per year.                        ton, Long Island, N.Y. Subscription rates on request.
                           Proceedings of the Conferences on Great Lakes Research. An         Weekly Letter. Published weekly by the American Waterways
                             annual publication of the Great Lakes Research Division.           Operators, Inc., 1250 Connecticut Avenue, Washington,
                             University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. 48104.                    D.C. 20036. Subscription rates on request.

                           58                                                                              U.S. POVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1969 0-355-067

                                                                                                                                    NOAA COASTAL SERVICES CTR LIBRARY

                                                                                                                                    3 6666 14111313 6