[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]
N6 4,4 *Nod LU c2 no= -1@71"A%" , -"i, @' A4, 2-g 4@e 0 0 Cl CD- C: Q) cu -Q 06i 0 E 0 Q) Q) lilt CZ E LLJ 70 LO Cb CA mq 3@0 0 pmp Ic M M (D 3 a -3 m C71, M -0 m .. . 0 0 (0 CL o CA) mo 3 0 o 0' TABLE OF CONTENTS Letter of Transmittal ................................. 2 Letter from National Consultant .................... ; ......................................................... .. 3 Introduction ...................................................................... 4 The Proposed Environmental Policies .................... .............................................................. 6 a. Basic Assumptions for HawaWs Environment ....................... ........................... t ......... 7 b. Concept of Overload ........................................................................................ 8 c. Goals and Policies for Hawaii ............................................................................... 13 d. Implementing Recommendations ................................................. .............. I ....... 16 Issues for Decision-Makers ...................................................................................... 19 Assignment of Functi 'ons ................................................ ................................. I ........ 22 Acknowledgements ............................... I....I....................................... ......... .... 28 Senate Concurrent Resolution 14, House Draft 41 ................................................ ................ 29 Membership of the Temporary Commission ......................... .................... I..................... ..'. 30 History of the Temporary Commission ............................................................ ............ 30 Summary Highlights of Commission Meetings and Public Input ..................................................... 32 Appendix ..................................................................................................... 34 a. The Proposed Environmental Policy Act in Suggested Draft Bill Form ........................................... 35 b. Suggested Draft of Concurrent Resolution to Federal Agencies ... ............................................ 38 c. Suggested Draft Bill for Monitor Role of the Environmental Council ............................................... 39 d. Concurrent Resolution to the Ad Hoc Commission on Operations, Revenues and Expenditures ........ *****''***** 39 e. Suggested Draft Bill,fo r-the Creation of a State Planning Council ............................................... 40 f. Suggested Draft Bill for Environmental Impact Statements ...................................................... 40' g. Indicators of Overload ..................................................................................... 42 h. Dissenting Statements and Opinions ......................................................................... 49 i. Illustrative Strategies ....................................................................................... 51 PrOPOrtY Of COC Library U DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NOAA COASTAL SERVICES CENTER 223a SOUTH HOBSON AVENUE 3C 29405-24 13 TEMPORARY COMMISSION ON STATEWIDE ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING 550 Halekauwila Street, Third Floor, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813 November 6, 1973 The Honorable John A. Burns, Governor of Hawaii, and the Hawaii State Legislature, and The Environmental Council State of Hawaii State Capitol Honolulu, Hawaii 96813 Gentlemen: Transmitted herewith for your conside ration is your Temporary Commission's report on A PLAN FOR HAWAII'S EN- VIRONMENT in response to Senate Concurrent Resolution 14, House Draft #1, which was passed by the 1973 Legisla-'' ture. 2 The report includes those guidelines which the Commission believes should be incorporated into a Hawaii Environ- mental Policy Act to be adopted into law by the Legislature. Hawaii has no environmental policy act at the present time; the general public feels one is needed and so expressed itself at a number of meetings held during the latter part of Au- gust and all of September, 1973. The public has expressed concern over a number of issues during the series of meetings. Thus, we expect that from this report will flow consideration of a series of issues during the next three, five, or more years for the decision makers of Hawaii. A public discussion of these issues, some of which are summarized in this-report, should lead to courses of action which support the basic environmental policy act recommended herein. We believe the recommendations contained in this report can be the framework for more detailed actions in the near future; but at this point in our history, we believe a foundation is necessary on which to build future environmental pro- grams. To this, end we commend the report for your consideration so as to provide the basis for environmental decisions that support a better quality of life for the present and future generations of Hawaii's citizens. We need to evolve a con@ servation ethic to treat our environment in the traditional Hawaiian "spirit of malama" for mutually beneficial results. Sincere aloha, Adam A. Smyser Chairman Mr. A.A. Smyser, Chairman .18 Hilliard Street Temporary Commission on Environmental Planning Cambridge, Mass. 02138 Office of Environmental Quality Control November 11, 1973 550 Halekauwila Street, Room 301 Honolulu, Hawaii 96813 Dear Mr. Smyser: I appreciate your invitation to comment on the final draft of the Commission's Report. Generally, it is a very good report, much improved,over the draft submitted to public hearings during September. It responds well to the central concern Voiced in those public hearings: viz., that the findings and recommendations were too bland and too diffuse. In this draft, goals and policies are more succinctly stated; and the concept-and the warning- of "environmental overload" give the citizens and the Legislature of Hawaii something very solid to take hold of. I would hope that the Legislature moves with dispatch to determine whether, where, and in what ways Hawaii has approached the limits of its "carrying capacity." In doing so, and in adopting a general framework of environmental values to guide it, the State will again be pioneering in a direction other States most certainly will have t o follow. The report correctly focusses on the Legislature as the body to begin the long and difficult process of establishing criteria for determining environmental carrying capacity and fixing the point of overload. The "state of the art" is still in its infancy; and even the more sophisticated measures have to be sifted through the screen of open discussion of what makes sense to the general public. Every one of our States is searching for those standards and the courage to make those judgments. Hawaii could do us all a favor by accepting the mission and accelerating the search. As Hawaii does so, I would strongly urge a clearer statement on two points: First, the Commission and the Legislature should strongly affirm basic human and constitutional, rights. Hawaii's 3 proper concern for protecting and nourishing its environment should not result in a failure to protect and nourish human rights and potential. I would recommend saying just that. Second, citizen standing to sue should be explicitly recognized and provided for. The final draft of the Report seems to me somewhat ambivalent on this score. I can understand why, because of the concern many people have that the doors will be too easily opened to frivolous and harassing actions. In expressing that concern, some statement should be made about the state of the art: what reasons there are to give or not to give a broad basis for standing to sue, drawn from emerging experience. What is happening in Michigan and the handful of other States which have given the right, seems to suggest that the fears or frivolous litigation and long delays may be overdrawn. (In Michigan, judges have deemed only two of approximately seventy-five. actions dissmissable on those grounds, and case settlements have averaged about 5-6 months.) Environmental'actions can apparently be handled like common law nuisance cases, with judges given discretion to say what is frivolous and what is not. The alternative is to specify in law-and the problem in that is twofold: first, to clarify without crippling and confusing; and second, to clarify without placing the impecunious citizen at a disadvantage against a corporate entity with more resources and skill to fight a case on procedural grounds. If the Temporary Commission does not want to recommend the broader basis for citizen suits, it should still charge the Legislature with responsibility for studying the alternatives and the emerging experience of Michigan and other States. Again, may I express my respect and appreciation for what you and your colleagues have done, and my fervent hope that the State of Hawaii will move promptly in the directions you are pointing. Your Commission has performed well. Sincerely, PNY:mc Paul N. Ylvisaker INTRODUCTION The Temporary Commission recommends that Hawaii establish a. goal of seeking the balances that will achieve both a viable economy, and an environment even more attractive than the one we enjoy now. Some people say Hawaii's environment is ruined already. In this report we outline our recommendations. Many mistakes have been made which could have been avoided. These include: Much that was precious to us has been lost. 1. Enact a Hawaii Environmental Policy Act to state Hawaii's,in- Yet, Hawaii in 1973 remains one of the idyllic places of the tention to follow an environmental ethic. The proposed act world. .. still steaming and volcanic as it continues to grow at its enumerates goals and policies to guide deci,sion-makers and southern point and blessed at its older points with palis, beaches, surf, requires government agencies to implement the policies. plains and vistas of extraordinary beauty and further blessed by a 2. Ask the Federal government to cooperate in implementing the benign climate. State's goals and policies. Though some people are reluctant to admit it, or fail to see it, 3. Require the Environmental Council to monitor and report on Hawaii also has many places where man's works have added to the the progress in implementing the proposed act and what addi- natural beauty that is here. tional steps need to be taken. Irrigation, planting and sensitive construction design and place- 4. Request the Ad Hoc Commission on Operations, Revenues and ment can be friends of beauty, not its foes. Expenditures to consider ways in which their recornmenclations Hawaii's people are united in wanting to keep these islands beau- can help implement the goals and policies.of the proposed act. tiful and also in wanting to save that trait we call the Aloha Spirit. 5. Create a state planning council to coordinate State and county which seems to spring in part from a congenial environment. planning, assist in the development of a State general plan, and This your Temporary Commission knows for a certainty after further implement the policies of the proposed act. . 4 many meetings and discussions statewide. 6. Require environmental assessments before allowing to pro- We know that people want to see the environment "farmed" ceed those public or private actions which would significantly rather than "mined." The farmer treats his lands so that they will be affect the quality of the environment. as good or better 100 or 200 years from now than they are today. 7. Revise State planning legislation to: (a) provide for adoption The miner uses up resources and exhausts them without replacement. of a State general plan by a resolution of the Legislature, (b) re- We must not let. this happen to Hawaii's exceptionally attractive en- quire up-dating every five years preceding the-mandatory re- vironment. view of State land use boundaries, and (c) increase coordination People from the Chamber of Commerce to Save Our,Surf also andrcitizen participation in the planning 'pr ocess. have told either the Governor's Environmental Council or this Tem- 8. Use tax and land use controls to help implement. this report.@ porary Commission that government must take a leading role in meet- Enact a legislative program which will discourage land specu- ing these concerns, that many of the necessary decisions lie beyond lafion. the scope of the private sector. 9.Call for the development of criteria. by which the ca rrying But personal concerns naturally come first, and few people are capacity of Hawaii's environment can be determined. This willing to sacrifice their immediate personal economic well-being and would include data on population, pollution, natural resources, security for environmental gains that may be long-term and seem re- community environments, life styles, and the impact for new' mote. The people of Molokai, for example, face'heavy unemployment technology, when their pineapple plantation closes and urgently,need new indus- 10.Create a mechanism for dealing with and preventing condi- try. This is their Number One concern. tions of Overload in areas of critical concern wh6re the burden We also know that legal tools for controlling the environment will of proof would be on the proponent of growth to show that the not be well accepted if they are seen as weapons for harassment or action would be of overriding public,interest. devices to serve an elite group at the expense of many. Yet more tools 11. The Temporary Commission further believes it may be de- are needed than we have now. sirable-even if not absolutely necessary-to make a stronger expression of environmental concern in the State Constitution. porary Commission recognizes that the Legislature currently has be- To that end we suggest the addition of a new Section 6 to the fore it 'a bill which addresses this subject. A majority of members Public Health and Welfare Article Vill of the Constitution supported the view that any such legislation should be limited to which states: specific, implementing measures, not broad policy issues. A minority "The quality of the environment is as important to the welfare of believes that broad legislation for citizen standing to sue should have the people of Hawaii as is !he economy of the State. The determina- been included in the Commission's recommendations. tion of an optimum balance between economic development and This commission also has compiled a list of key issues it believes environmental quality deserves the most thoughtful consideration, decision-makers must face regarding the environment. and the maintenance of the optimum quality of the environment In addition, in the appendix of this report we list more than 200 deserves the most intensive care." implementation strategies that ought to, be considered after an En- This will give stronger status to language already contained in vironmental Policy 'Act is law. The list is illustrative only and far from Section 341 -1 of the Revised Laws of Hawaii. exhaustive. It could easily be several times 200. Some of the strate- gies conflict wholly or partially. Most represent recommendations, by The Temporary Commission discussed extensively the question of various local or national organizations and are so identified. xpanded rights for citizens to sue, compelling public officials to carry A review of these strategies should stimulate a needed discussion ut environmental policies, laws, rules and regulations. The Tem- of the alternatives that lie before us. 5 I .@ @ . . I "'s-'s--'I'sl-4@1, , ,@ , , @@ @' "'r @ -I- "- @,A-r@'@,, F'-@ ,@,9,@'@,r,ffjr,."@e@'/741wr.;"@@@@p -, U*s"O--';fRAW--'g A I 044" V a pro Oh"WP, I@,'---_ ,-11I"! -'W4 ", @ @@osa@ s* I,s --@ " @ @: -@ - ,Ff-" t" ,,041@1@@4r';V@'- ,:?161po '.,--4*9,@,-Pi,@Ko@,-f*l@,i,K@@l,*,,.F.;@e,@", -I@' --I@ @- -@-,-11 -I-,I-, ,I- ,,, I -1,'-I-) " - @-'4-",'-,I@"'",I@'I11 - @@- - -j'-@, - ,'---- @,, QW? P" @,-q-i,@@4@,@-@@@@,@,@,,,--@,@", , ,'..sf-,@"@ ,'. -- ,, '@' "'@4 ' e"sl . If, , %_1 -@@tj 11'-j-eft -@ , -", @@K@X'I@x -@ ,@'-'@@- - -,_-@i@' -- -- - 'q7 lrrq7@ @@r' A, I ".@'3@A@'f' @, -'@s, @p 6","Z@ -- - @f 10M -4'r's- - t- -" @'!- -@Iy@ , I-". '-A@v .i"tZ @V@'@@rA ,V f I", kp@ 7@1't-1- - -,ti 6@ tte11@, _ 't', 'mh "?, @41 "@ 9-L" L@V ,-, ,-,A -'-'@"' 4@-,@ T-:-, ",--- -s - "II "- @":@ @tsl @ , , - " - '' ,f'@ , 401,6 '@'"'ReFiftiff4M I- S' @;,' s' T'5' s 7; @t -@- -I,,,@II-I -, ,:-@@ -@@-'- ', '@ " ', -s "- -'- " - @ ---I- " IpI 11-1 @, , 1@1 - " - I',I@-,---@--I','-,@I@', -- -- -- --e '-, @' -@" ". L ,"@,,'-- @@;,,-----1-- -" `- I -1 --@_'' ,,-@'II @ III-s@@ 1, " - os@'"-,:,-I--, -,'@ -.,---- I -I- @I; @-" @i,' 'I, ,I- -'I II,-,@-4' I ''-@-@"'I" @' ',,- "-':.@' ':@@ @@'z@@- ,"@@ -'----@s@ 11 , #@Z@ii', @"-?i "( " I@t"l -1 , Ifil '@ "I I Ij@ -4 .,g 0-i- -""@ - ''I,-,-,@ " --" MA fs'2 'T ,,, @" "y @V s' ,'-I,,,111--- "I @A 07; .11m, ?e - 1@1 I,11I@@' @ @"'!' , ;"@ "'g -@" R- -'Il "f,, ,,;'.@ , --" -'-'-"'.- @@ @'-Anc@-' -''--",, @tltv WOM - Y'U'A",, '-@@>-P%@ I-1 --- , ", ",",s-, -'@ , i" @ @U': V"@"@ , " @- "'Pi , ,,, ,,, '-@'-'J.'3'11@@ ,-.Yi'lsll,-", @ '@"-I '-II'll ... @ ,-Y-l ,l @ - @t -1 -11 1, .'-@ 'I -'@-".--"; z - r@@i' "'-.@ @@- @'r-t -1 s-:@ 11 - II"',-,," I-- ,,& ,,t N"M , O,-'.-"""-',,"' -0@' @- -"@'@sl@ -V@',s-"'@, "Y'17A ,i@ '@-2'2@@ IlAl4':fA`YV'l';'l 1,,5fll; "I"R , -1@"" - .6- -'T 'w@az" @ @4 rev"O -- @, " i's, '@@ @- 0,@ff" "410'& '41! -. 't'- -q(p'l7,"'.'- ', 1 ,r9 'I I''Q , "l- "I,,--- `0 -'I--c- Is it@ j" s@-"@','-'.'@ @'4@- - UPAU'l -Vr ,@ @A ",@-;'@-'M;f;v 4" -,@,@,@,@4@""i,@,@,@,-,,,,,.@;?L@L,-@@@l,f,,,@'z,@-"?",@,@ I Ilil. -1 @ ,, ,--fi,, ",-.-I, @' -"7'-':@-@'-' I I I @ @@' ,-1 s- '! '@@'-@'@,@ -1 I'll T, -@ @1,"@ "--, ,". I I ---'sT' ,@-@ , ,, , z - @ -@ -@: - -- - ", , -,@ @-,@I,,@ @ sls@-' '@@.,@4-,"@' ---"- Xs@--:@ , , . ,-,, s-'' -- -- I:I'- -,-. " , , "t, @0-':', @4 -v -s, @@'i 'E,@@z.il@,@@@f,,:@t,@,@,,@,,@,@@,:@",;g@",4@,,'@,11@-@@"-e,-,@.'--I@'@ ", @_j It, @@- - I, -1-1 " 11 'W " ", -- IX4 'It@ 1@1-.'- @ I@' ".-'l "l,'T'- "@'%4 -'l "- @s, @"-`- --- .,,-- @`@@"tls,'M'v st --;"-@', l,' ""-@'sll@v -@ I -'.'d',t",@,' ;@2-v .;", , "t, ' -@,,-4 , "Is s'lvy"As, , , , -@' @ 5,1: @s@ - , , -, .,- @ -,, @t-- -'@ - t'@ .@@- "I "; .-I"- I ; ,s -', -,- "" @@ t- I'll, - - '-@-iiV 1 ,- - ,' @ -'-@ ,,-"" ,-@' -, , ,, @-,- X' @- , , @Y @ ,@:' , t,', " @' 7", ,@''@:": "F@"' '" -, - -, -- -"'.@@ , , @- @ "a i.1 ,-, '7 @'@ -@@ ,,, -@' -, .- I, --. , , '@ I, "..- Al- -,- 8-1 -, 11 '@'@"-@ll-' Is 11 I I @ _-',-4.."' --t@'W@ -, , - @, -"" @" -" --s@ e- '- " " @': - -@ 1@ @11-11.1" @ 1@ @ - , - - F';," 1, '@p ' j 11 "? @' - I - - - P,k@ , , "t- " @@@" 2 @' "@ -11 @ @@- t' ,k,. @ @ , "i@o" @ " - @ , % k'@'@ o 4.-,i-,,,:"@ "@@,@I "'@-,- @'@"@'W',, .I , @? @- @"-@ "jP""',, , I" @',@ "@@ i'@@-""@@','Tst' "@'i wis",Y; "'-.'@':"'@,@@ , "@ 1-I, I- I -..-- s" -- -11,1111 11, @-II;0, -'-, ,,, ,- '@ 11IIIII @@I1@ ", ,",I,,,,- @ -I.11 -,--11 -11II@@ -s,,, 141,-I-I,ss@' @ ,"-," '--" @' I -,- - ""'-:s'-- -,, " -@11 s @ - " -,, 't@ - 3,,:,,'-i- @`.@s,,@- ,, -- 1@ 'p-,- ' -, _.@@,__ "" @r.-I-I-I-'I-" ltl,-@- -11.,f@,,,,'11 - -1 -I" I's -,, @ ,",f, ,-I-, -1 11 , , - ; "I -)'. ,,_ '."@@ -,-@-"'r , , " " ,'-i@ - x-----eI --@@,@"' , ,-, ",,@,@ fi, @,T,@ -F@'@i @ Z_,,"- A @I. I t,;,@'@ t!'7 " , -@',@-@ '--"@ @'@@ @@'Z,@,,@j, @ --'114@27f-" . I Y -"' -- ,_"'@"@' , , @@' @"' @ @'@ , ", ss@ ,ne z" , "r 1'@"'i@' )'- :'I @ @' - I--- - @@ @' 4 "" , u@'Y'A@tiylre@'@ , *'@ , " '@" .--- I---,,@- @ -'- - @@F' sl -11 @'-@@,@ ", 'st.s@-' @'@ ... ... @- , --'-@ @@,'-tj's @@ a @ H,,-7: -, [email protected]@',- -""@S@'@""-' @,,t'@ Ve ll'@,, ,'@-.@p"'@"9j"'s @ ,I-N, , '@" - -', I @I-@ - ,,- - @I---@'- @@ "'t,@-I@-' ,@''@-,@q---I@@;' @@,,'/@ - @ @4-Ll @; @ " @ --'@@ @'@' - l'yWA @'@@ -'- ." ,,-,-- " @-' @ -1, @ ";@ -':@- ", @q-@-'- 'l'-.'@"-"'-- ;@-,-,--,-,,',@-@'@A@@',,,@.,@,,,@@-,',o t'.' s - @ , " - " @ - "'@ "@-:!,, I" -,- 11-@ t -I IIII I- I @' ,- -,I,- , I,- , "- @'-" @-@-"--,'-@"'ts'sl- T, .S'@-` , ", ... ... @ - @ '"-f," 's -'is," -C t@n@ , -,--, -, ,- -,, ,-@- ",,'@ "II@- @"@s - 1@1-@ ' - @` ,,-@,,'-""@' , -@s s't'@,,-, @"@ I ", 11,I-1 ", - Y:A -, I- - @ificg *,, "y q'pRj'tx yy _@ 1,", ,,@ &- "--,: " --- -11" @' -@ '-",: "'o, , @,,,--" ,-,,_- '@'@ ,,, , " @` - - I'.- T -11, s @@,'i--" `-';'@.-I-I@""- , " - ,- "i--@-"-- - 'e-'s' ,,, ,'."""' , @ , - -, ';,' @"@' ,, "-, " -"' "'P@r-'@ 1@, '4 ,'-@,,@ @ j_',f t ",I @-. -@V,'@,-- 3, '," - " ,,ts. @@- @" @ - " " I I I @' : I @ ""@@@<" -@ ,i,,, I IIII-_,@-@ ,%'@6"'@.'@O-O-- --'r - @' @ ' @T`31"@': AAA@eg' 'Aivif@ ,- @" -, @' , -,-@'-@-,- fi,-@- -,- @@e@@.k- '@@ @;' ",., "ffi' @ P'@ '& "'c'-,"J f,i-,--- -4,-- -'@f' @'i .,-, @@ to, - %, -"@' .@@,"s," @I@'@ II,I- v,IWAVI@'f.VItq,". s'@" ", -1,@ ,@s -@, @ - ,-'@ - "I - I @@f` I Is, Is IT " , , @%',`. y' - , 1- -t@' "I 11 @ - II"- @-'j - @' , ,,, ---l' - IVnl'-6@1@1'1" -41@@ - '!@"",z i ':@ f@@-':@' t, ,@- I I,, ,,@t,--. ,,, @@" s' s'-I ,@,, @'@, -", z' 1, I ." -'x @',@'@ .1 .-I -11 -, I, - 1,,-@-, ,,-': -" &" @" '@,@, -,@ ,, ,-, " - "@ - " - @ -, , @-'@?, I,-@ ", -:,- ,," @ 1, _j"' -,'; ,,-, @-if@@;-, I: , -- ,@ ` -@""@@,,1, - -,', " j p _ , :- I @ @3 @-_, -;;@Z@@ V I @ tW.'s,'@-@', ." ,,,, -f '-," @'s,,'@@' i,@-@' ',,-' N?l "i @ lf@" I " , , -" -- -f'S'iYVz"'!? w"-@@-j@- -"4;"@-@@ @-@ .1 -"' -, - " ig, 'o4 ' i 'I- - ,-, @"- -,- s@--II -11,I , " ,sV-@ -, -@' -7@'%r@'@ , , '' @ , - " , - , @ ,f p"", ' , , " ,"Pve,-,", , , ",,,, ,,-- I I,I11, @"Illl-,,-'_ . -@'s' "I 'i@'-l' @,@q , @-'@- @QP@-:@ , A. _- 4"@Is,,,I I I?11-111111 -,I , ?, , ,,- ,@ O'll, "I'll@5, @ " @-," -- - -, x -, @ , '@ ,- - 7,(; ' @' @ @-1,mq,a-k'@@ 't, tJ--"'-VVA'W- ,"t),@3"@ q,,,,,,@"-,'-"' -,,,Ar " @1A -,,,@', I,'--g@@@I@ ,x " I,"r, "'@ - ,,, "@'e' -,I,"., ,0s' ", " -W -1 :' "'@" ' ,@ ,-,z,, - ",,-rss -fli@9O@@@i@,@l'i"@-@,P-@,@@,-)@ ,,P" , 0, eswm-y,,14'f 1",@@'ql@'- @ ,, --"," " ,,@f@ ''@,,;-," ,;` @@9-,,@@F' "@ 'I',@" @ @-," "'- I I,," cl ,,@@, "'@""-@@'@@s""@@:@@'@X@@" I,z ,,-is '@ -.' @@ 4 -, -: ,'cl - pi, - @- 1,I,'i, '---@,'',.1-11-ls@' @'@I"" @4@'-'-I @@.. "-7"1 "I,,'- ",r-@@'@' @@ @ ,t- -@ @, '@' s@@' , , - @ -t' " @ tz"s-""'i""'-@ ," ,jII@ -@' 11 , -," ', - ,----,,- -1 'r-- -@'@@,,.j -'I'zss@ -@@ ';@'J"" - "-, @ g' @' ", ,-I I, @; ,, ttpziri - @ @' , " -, ,y,- ,io'- -, .. -, @ @V 311- @ -- - -'@@ "I w' P@@, ,,,,,,i"' J-,'---- @- - ," "',@,-@ ft, , 4 @, , -', @s'I-1, ss@' "', @ ,",-_ " @@' @ ,,@ I, @,,I,, "-@'@" .it,'@'J-@,, - @'@ ''Z,- -I"-- "ll", "'@ ,@@,'@,.,;";"@@,@@,,@::@,'@,j,'@,7,1@ -x' @ - -U-'@@"'4 -geg 'ft " ,@fZ;:, N '-@' "- ": .11 6-1'-'--s@"`@ -'@ -' -@'@ - '@,,@@-' @" @ '@' i','-@@" -, @ ;,--- -,,II-I I @--,, @@",@@'-'g-.t-'ii'F" '4@' 'A 400 04"--I I '@ @, "'. ,4,I--, @ ,`,-," , ,`@ I-I- @I ,t @@@,- ', , @'@,--'@'wf'PIVOA @XXI ,@-"-.-,, -,,------". , I -@ ;s@ ,-I, II-"w: -" -.' -@ s- @ , ", e,x s,-.-- "",,--"'@"' --;-, ,,'AVIVAY"Ifl&?5"', 4- -'pWV'P9fwW 'jv'@@'@fy@"'-"@," @' "@' 'C' , ",I ,,44"i,iF#-"@@',(,-@l@@p,,@@@t'I,"'@je - -- ,"i"@'@ a7v s, @o - , t, @ , xt 't- @@ I -3 -,,-, -- , s' i ,"-'@ @'@N @'@' *V, @@;,j, -t i @ " , ". '@@' @ t @ ,"", t"',," r-@@ ""--"V@ -@ - @.; t ----4- -@---- ,-" "@"' I Iz -" I ,I IIt--,"IIs '@'-' ","e, , ;;@--, ,@@, Mew "- -@@ .@ @,@,-"@@' ,,, , t, e,-I- ,,,", y @ I , " , , @' "i -1 -@ 'q.'-""-@@' &@"`Ill' ", @ "'.' '@ ':@@ -,,, z- -11 -i',, -I ,," ,-, e@''@'.' -@ ,,, @ ,--, , IV 'I- , ,I@,;,,- .@ s- -,I, I' 1 -'-- ,, '_@-,-,,,I-, , -, A@'@", @- , @' ,@,'@,,,@@ : , @...----" -@ --- :,"i@-Z@@'-,@@"- ,, , `,VC "I----.@'.' ," " ;"' "--- - - '@',-,",,,,-@:@;" ,:;",-@" ,z ,, @-'"11 -, i, - @-' @--", I@"-' ,@ , @@ ",- I,,c,@' -"- - A, ." @ -@'@' '7',- '- -,:: - @' " @,"" ..... ..," t ,, '-@,' 't"' --'' sl@- @',,- 11@,II-I- - -@' , -,@.......- N"IFT , "--' , ,I I- @ II@ -, -- -@'---", -- @@ @"@Il w"ll @"',II II",,, . '4' [email protected]'@'g' -,,--P, , J,f W, 100 z @,-, ,- @'@'6F " '@ @-'z@ -.- ,-x-l',ggg @-,I@ `@@-@"'# -@- o,@ ,--- ip.. -0 R" vm@ , ,e7. Ap ft,-'- " ",,,'i?,im ' --,, "". @ @ ,,,-44--IV--v 1014 "I,,11 -",w ,-" ,-@-@''- @' @, .'@@,,-@' , ..,"",ffm',Fejorl r'@' sA ra - -4'rW , , pvf '. ZNA""'e@""F*vso'l 141e@ff @' -,"-m" I, "VAF-, "', ,I @' @@' I " @I 11zI, ,, 1.Izt:, " 'Al","",@@I'll-,' ,I,-@,t,I II,-,@"-@ -,-- @, s@' I I- I @- --,--- ---I-s:. @ ,@ ,-," "@@ -Is @ 1@ --z t" 7"' lw , " F -I-- -,,@s" @,,'@I-"-@@t,,I ,- '01's @' @'Alw t,'--- ""@@'-"!' @'l -- sp"?,Al- I'-,-'';, @';',-, ,1-,,V-0,,"I'l @:' ,,Fy"-" - ,,I ,,F I--"I_, @' @,@@" , ": ",.Z""-@'--,, ,", -,,-, -"-' @ s,, -'; -, , F ,_-,-@-,,,I,I,,,t',I-- -II,,-1, It-', , --,11 I -- ,--, -- --,,--" -, -3 "_ , --1. - '11 ,,,f ,--I,sI---,--,;,'I,I I1@ ---- @, @' --;-0,-,-,- ,:- - --,I @t-@ @@" " - - , "@ @ , 6,,,,z-,-I ,' I ,- ,,I I--- @, -- '@', "'A"', @'-@'-)W'--' V""" --,' '@ 11- @- "I":, .- ,,-':",," ,,@'",, M",1-0@- @" ,, ,,,,11-1 I-l' II" I--,, I I-, I, ss-,r-,-,,@ I "I , ,11I- - - - "I s'. @"i @',- @: - i , - @:'@@ - @- --. 11 , .' C, I@-11It" ' "j ',,3,' @',,'@,, '@ @I - @ "@'3@ I ,II-,,:""-I11 ,-,@@- -- " ,,, '@' '*;o' 0- xyjwj's@ -,3 s-- ---,- '@--- .I,., , I @'. I@,-- r,@-j-,I@- , @-",-,@' @'-@ - "-,,, ', - ,: _ -- ,- @"," '@-@,---" "-, , -:',@, @-- ""mr,,' '-O--, @ @'@ i" -" j.'@' " , , , @ -@""' 7 f',x@f' @ w@ @-@@";,,s ", ,'. '@ @""I" ", -@@-" - -@ '@5 @- Y, J.@' @ ,,-... ! t, ,sI v " N@ @.vr -1 "-3- ;,"',,"':. "'@'X"-'@' ml@ @ p "nf @ ,r -"@I"-"--' @" @' s - I-@ Z@y"@' --, ;,x @; '@-' ' '@' - -"f'@' '@' " I@, -,'@ @--" '@ -- 11,@@--. 11 -@@@ --I-"?--@'.'@ -'@:-',I-I1,11,,')"@ ,@I--, ',"!" ,@,,,I--,- "'?YTI-,,,,,, ,"'@@'- ,@ :@"'- - @@ ss ;,"E" @ -"'t:'@,-,".", ,s@-' @ @- ,,-'.@ @-"' e "'-,I't"":@ ,'''' I-@ ' -I'-" I- -1:` -, -II'I" ,", - ,,"--'= -@",:'@'a st 41 Y@'I- " 0"--'i-,"r@" "I -'I @-@@- -N-- - It -1 @' @ @ r;,'s .,,,I,,, @'@,@"' ';---:,--I- @'I,I11 @ @-1I-I- II- -si ,-@I 6. , "- If- @@I I -j -@ .,,''s-- '-"z, @' - -.@ '@@' @' "-1 I t'll, @ @", "", -*It" , ,' 'I@ -,,-- - " " ,'i "_'--- -'" @' -1I: "-@II,-@ 'III--fo -,,--pl ," 's, _, , t.@fi, "'. , , -,I -.@"@',@-?'@&!- @-@@@j-"----;"s`-"-,"-"@ t"-- "'@";"-. - -"' "t@ -'-;;'@"@;e-ssiijo' "cs ':'@ .@i'--@,@ -0 -@,-,@ @' ---,,s- ", --,", @- ,@"'"@,,,,- ,,'- , -,- @s@ - , :,' Y'-@' - -@ , ,,,,, " ,, @'@"" @',@@, tj - ,' ,-- tl i,,,@"@'-,@t,- ,,-, -'x @' Z'-,, ,@@:, ,Is -@,=-:.12, ,-h, @s'@" -,III-II@',-il , "1, - ."@_'T-'@@"""''Ilj'@" ,- -,- , -@,,;,@ ,,, - ",. -'- @2'1 -, I @@ I P-V@ 1@11'@"II `-@ "@; " - .-- @@,,,,@ @I1@ ": , -"--,, -d'@'j.,<,...t--"st---"'@' '@'@Isn' 4 , 1,- ,,e---II- -1 @;--'@ I',," . ,-, -@-, .---,4- , - -."'. @. - ' @It. @ts. @" - ,@ @"@'@_, ,,3.,, @ 11 11,-----" --'-11-1.11@" fl, .1, I II',, - I. @ s",,,--o", -@ ---I-s @ ;' @ig,'*00ma, @' t'.' 4" @'@,-7'j@-0.' -',"_:'@-,'@',I-,@'x"Al ,,@,--, "- ,I ,@;"I@Jk @'-,,, "- ." 's, ,, - -,- "- @@ I11 ;,- --z ,@,@ --, t-I,,, @ @@- @' ' , g',," ,, '@" , - ,I,--, ,- s"'@,-, @ , ": @@ ',r-3v-'-':'@""!'--V"! s@',",,-.''I'l "'@,"", ,- I@',, F , ,,, -:'@, , ',p'' @"' - '-I-f" - ". I t"t- -1 @" 1,-- @--,@ @" " ,","- -, 't'4@ "d-- 6III,1.11 " @' y'Y-?'9'P @"A ',-?4 -r'j,"@'@'. qj@-' @-,, ,s' @!- e'l @, "' tj 4 Vt-' el ,@@ , 1, - 11-"I " t I, Mfl-s@ i - , "'J"'W - @-!@@6".@'-'M`Wi@@ t-f@"""Os@U k "'@ '@,"' - - 4@s' --,,, .1-"---@, @-"-"'- -'"'s"' @I- ,@@- " I'-@I--@' 1-1 , -- @: - ,- @@ - ,--, @,-a- - ,@ @,-I "'@ -@""- --I',- -@--: @"' '@' , ---, ,'; " , ,,t @ "t @@'-@, "@ "':""k"K"'@@@"-1 -@ ,,, _" ,, @"'l ,ss @@- -'04"@t'--e'@rpt -'fo"'@ r'qg,- `@' - '@":" - @-"---@;' -,,, --., @t @ -e,- ,@-,x@ @,- "R-,-,,-, , @ -.,- I '' I- -@@11-1 ,@'@ @;@'@,"@.,@;i"'-'-" @! , "@-@,- , , ,-_"-@-@ t'@@,ss; -" @' " , s' I " - -s' , , -@ ''@ 1@ i0-f;':"7:- Z7,"e,-s,- @'-'.%'@""' "> -, --- ,, -7'@ @ @-- -, , , , "'-'-, , ,,, '' s -s' ,-@"Z ,@ ---s'-- @ - , - -,II-- .'/, -'- '3111ft ,',, -t -,@' " x @@' 3,1;,, s- ";'f,@ -ttw'@ "S "@' , , w- @ ". --s@4"is@' 4XnNli@4*?@'-i, -@,i, ,- - @'-- ,.-! I .1i3,, W z -- -R, '- ,-,-,t, , ,- '@' I'll -'@' @ @"-',,t'@,"t -@;" @ @ , , @' ll@I"'7'-"" "-4,-----,,@' @"@ @',---, -;@';'-'@-@,@-,-"" "-, v""- @' ,'@'@ " , j, "" I,,,@ , ,,@,-- @.@". i , @,'' ,-- , 'i"'t@@' @-,-F' rt "," @' --- -@ ": lls@ , " , @ a "@ -@'"-,- @r,s'g , I.f'@' @ " "@ @s " s '@& "@- 10 ."'ilol';?@'@ -.- i"@f 'j'?ff'@';'I,@ @!!@,s't'-,tWts%@ -@@'-',@"'_', , "- @@,' @"'@ A, ", @Fi @'-@-all" @@,-@'@':"@'@';s'c!@"--' - ,,,x" "g -,- @N,q IV,, -1,,,_r,-- -, ;'@-, @, -,,"'& 'A , -i w,,- @o - -, 's M, -A "t'&' "' -,-il,5, -@,-@' @@ - --' I -"-,@,'@! '@ @@Itz@ -;-@ , , "- , '-'- , @i. - -I @Tll I,-'- -@@@,@,@,-,,,i-,@@"""F".@,,@,,@,@,,@,,', ',-'t@,;@' , M@ , @ @11 16@ I 111111-@ si:,'yt'.!m@WJ--@' @ , - '"@ -'v-' &. @',""""--- V-"'@' @@': - ,,,,--I -@- -, -@'--'@"',,V@,- @ ;" s'. "@ l'st, ., @ "I ,,i.""eot- ot@'@' '-"@,@O@ ', 1@ J"t," "V "'d,spes", -, ,,, - -8@" -, -'@-@"'-@'@_@@;- -@ -.-@@ "'@O@@-@@@ I@ ,,,, _-- ---f,;@p',@@-'-'-s,- @- '-:'"-sg@". @';'@' '@ -@' . @if "'!'- @""j'-, ",'@," "(60,'@';' .." , @." @' ,,, -@. " ,".1- -1,1111 @ I @ @ ,@,,- I zs@ , -1 ss@- IsC5 @' @ @."; , "- ". Y , '' ", ':".'@-3 " @@':-' , "@@ s,-- - . z I" @r j@@.@- t'"-,-," t'"'@'@.: @'-'@" 2 % " i ,w", t' -t e @ r"' --, vArp, P.@j@ -Z'@' "'@ @,- @' "-@'@," , - @", @"@'@ I-,@I i , , "'i@" t', @-"' f@ ' '-9,00,,_:@ @',"@"@ -':,--,"@,- ,@-",' "I,tz I"@ I ", @- , , -@r,@@@'@-@",,@@@,@'@,,@@",@@,,, ,"t,,,,@--W-- @"-' "', """,-l" ".' x@@,v, , , _@ , " 7@-'---- ----,- &' @'' 1, , , , -, ",- @ @I@s,"%,li@"@ @, ;',," ri@@" -, "-", ,-, "I", I@Y@ It,-"@12@ "-@ I--, ,-L -4 -@`@,'.,"; -4*'@i's@'z"""-e"$,-5@,,j,,,@;r@,@":@"::,@,@,e@,@, "@-" -4'@@", -:, @@ @:'-" x@'-' @,"!"',7z'@ -', ,@ ,@" '@""ss@'A'@@- ,,@,-:,Qv -"- ""@@ " ,,,,,, , ,,, @,@ '@"' 's'@'@"t@ -t-"@!--,'-';j@@ I , ,@-' , , @tj - - -@ ". @' 'If I Is,,-" -@ t?, @@4'(U-'@' s777"V" - """@%tx,@, 31 --,-, " -i' ''TI, ", fr";4'@@i 3-'@ " yo,'%;,@;,:,,--- --Ill' .@s" I.- @ ' - @@- - ", -Z@@-'t4-, ": @"@Itl,'Il ""@' 3.111 -1 ll-s`@"i'4-- @" @ " ', @'-'.' ""@n'@' ';j:t,--@;@:"'@::; ." 2- X, "IC-11,z"," " f I,f-r@-'s- "'-iN'l---I-@@ , - -1 I,@-@ ""@-,@ @,@'@ -, -Cf, V f44@@s "- -@,, @ @-1@1"Illl,@@ @-, @,-,,-e' @ ',,@' @@_...... o-- -!'.";'@'@O-W@',-"'.st" -,,-.,, ,.'`'7'-'s@ ,-W, 4-"@''' _.q@w"@ ""; @Is' t - '- - @ -, Is @' @2 , ,-, -, , I-, " - ' , @--!,, ':'@ @---' , -,'3>"@In ,,@@,,"Wi- 1@'- ,- ,1-1 1vt,@%'@,--@ ,' @ ts@@ @@' 2,'-' x, - ,C@@ I, , @@-,-@,X- - @t '!'M.'.'Ve @7q'! , I'@"V"""'@@-' q- , - -', ,,,, @ @' -' I" I,.. Z',,-,-'', -@@"@@ ------, - @' @,,--,I-t" " -'' , @@ I -11 ") -1; ;@"-' " "i "O - ---'@'-""@",@'@ -, -@- @:_'@"",' ` -@v @L 7@ 1@ - -, @ '@xls " " @ @- , ",, -"',,-"si@,,,, ,", , "w - @' "@ ", t'-,t I -i ,-, -- "R ""' " -@',; @ , , "-P,!" ,,-; I I @ "'n ", - ' @@'4@V-@@ ""-!' If"-,'' ",----tim, Ji, @;'@ @@' , _"' tk"@,, ,,. . .mi, ;@-A @ ,"'@O@@ 'e" -, , ,,'@ @,@--x @@@-i,,11 1'40 v, 1,;, ,,,-II - 11 I I,;-,-, s' -z , ,,-@@,-i ,I-- @ 1@-, ',',--,' @:"- " @-, @' "@@@?@,@.,,@@,@@@;.e@,@@'@',',@'f, , ," "@' "",41, @ -@'Il @ @ -l" Z'--5-@-"'-@"@ , , @ ., ,,, ----'@'.)- " @,f, - @' @'@@ ,-' "-,@,@@t!- ,- - 11 11 -- @ a--@. @ ", 7,,-4'@'I" , ':- "';"@'- 0 il,-ss""4mr, @!@ 't' --@ -'A)'@@'Zwr @'-,I,' ." @@" @-- -M@Q;- ;@'@ -@i @ --"A"'@ @ e"-N-".'7s- ,"P,1.111's"', @' @@@O-11 "4xla@ixl@ 1@ @ 11-@@'jtfv -- L"e-, '4,'o4; , -@ "ll, @ - @ '-, -'I I@, " _,s. '-'.' @- ---'@@ : @ @@ ,", @,"s, -t 11 4 -'. @"sv;@'-";!@@@ "'j @@' f,--;@;oj@'@"--"@"'1111@@ I-",- ":'.`w@:;""@'@ --7-, - -',"' s'@` " '',-,;t " i-, @,,,f,"@@',.@,f@",I@,@:,@;@,,@@,,,@@',:-@@@,",,,,a @;@@ , ,...,,-zl" '- x,I I I #@ , "", -@ , --, A-r'@','="? --, -"J-D"@ -@ - ;;@ , -'v@,"'@s-@"@--"-" ,,, -"'@ ",", - @,@,@- @@ ,i@'.@- -'@'-" -s-s'@ '':'@ ,,@, ,, ,,- x , "@ , f -, @, i", ,4, , - @ '- - @ -I@' kr@,V-1----- IIV@tll@'@` ! @' " , '@@- @lv ' ' ,. I@,,,,'.'@j@ @,, ,,@ -'j, -' @, , ,t -1-s'l :;- , " op ,,, 7, ,,, I .,,@ ,,,-- -- "I" -", - , " , - "@'tjs., ,,-@IIts" ,-, / Is - I-, 4@ , -"',- @@ x -, "@ - @ - ,,, @@ s-@, ,", - ,-"@ " @ - ":,. ;@ , @ ,, -: @,'-s " 1-''@'-'@' ,,-',' I-3,"@@j' fj4j'r@@,'@"@@!;'- ',f - M . @' " @ -@ @'@- "@ @."" .' @ '' ", @ ''@F, "@@"4"Fl! "."I t-'- . J . .. .. i'-'; 1 I ,, @- ,,@ -@- ssFw.-i"-"J'i@. -;z-l@,@@@,4"-"-,@,,@,@-,.""@,,@@@@,,--@-,I@,-@,:@z-'- -.- @@@,--is -, ,-i- Z"@ ,@,,@ , , '@ '@',F' /"@ @r,fto@@-'& 'oAl@'lA"%'y-',t'tt ,y,,-, ,t@j@ @'Slt'mv, -5@"@ I'.,'C"vo, 0, #;."'@*--- -Ww'm'-"--' " a- , I'-"f* 'P -1 ist" "-'@ t@ @'tv-'P@@ " @, --4, 1111, @-"-""s, " -@ ."@ s-, .'@,4, @' -I'I '-1 ;' "':@'@' @ k " , "I@x @"@t@ @ "'@"` -"@"'4.,',-'"@,I,,f ,':'T."II,,- "A@s-%-@'tR'@"-,-:@'t,t@'@" I -tt. I ",@- I.@'@ ", @'-'-'@@@ - - @ 1,4@ -1",",- @ lf."t- ?"@ @t-,,, , '' " ,-- ,-@--1 " -- ,,,,_-1 '-, ,,--I I- ". -,@t' t,-s@;' @"@" --'L ": ;'@' -,-;""'--@ ----,,Vl:ss@l - I -,.,"sl"@ '--@,-" s' s,' , -@_-" , -" -." ,' , , '. ': sI I'- ,--I,'O @' ----@ @''-'@' "" -"-," 11 ' 11 @ "@-.'." '@"@ -I't 11 ,---p." "@-' , , , "--';@ I @.,,-III'llI@ x'---"" @-'"' %'-- 'z-I,- .. :t""' , _@sr'V-51"n-ll"Z'`-i ;'@--@ --s"Z --t.-- -;"V"P."@._.,-,@,a-.,,@@i,@@,@@,@,,@,","';"si-""-t,"- -, e@, ,-"O's" '@,--- @' I- ", '--"@@;''."'@",',@-,' --", - --,Itl@ -11@1,I -, @- ,z,@" "- f" , -@, , ,@ ';' , -I -11 I@,@,'@" @,:--t-' A .I,-, , ", , _' L -@ -@ @ " 3' '@` 11I I, s' -- -@I@'-,t-2" @ - - -@' -i' , ,-, ",-I,- @I--,. 111-1s, @ -, ,,',111"w- I'I-I --,4c, -,-. @-'f@', ,;4@_'-,s -@s -3,, -' @ - ,p - ,'@'@c@'@'r s"-":", -%U,; ,," @"@", . < ,I.-'s - "@ "I@@-""'-t,l Y'@-' -e,-' "' fi@-;";, _'t , _ ,@', .',, ,-sj@!,M 3fil .' - ,4" , "@@' 4@"-' s@,""!"s"',-,"@'I", ,, J@@tD:'Il ,l "; -,,,,,t' s -v .'Oblil"l- ;t%'fn-"'@@ii-ss' i", @@ _@-- '. @ @' g"- "'@ '. '@"@' @@ " @ ', @ @@@"'tt' @-' @' I 111- -1.11 t - "'? -- -'--@@-@' -" @ @'" @@'I@-T -,--@w,@;' -@-'21-1-Is"', _@_' '@, @ _ @ 4 _ "?"51, I-- I ",@--@s, @;-s, @ -@@ _4 -- - - @ -P@ "s ' -," .,:, - -11 -@ --@' " I ----11-1 ""@ _,-@' @, ",7- " @' @@' 'r"@ ." "" I- @-, "I -z -,-@':. -@ ':-@ ;- @'-- "-- - II 11@, ,,",,,, ,, - ,@-I-I,, -,,-@@ @ - ' '@@" ' ", s ",,@- ,-'-I- -"' t", s, -I11 -, It' -, - -:,'@,- a, ! -'@ @' r" i"@ , @@"' ', @-@@ " t@ I " @ 'i:' -" @ j'--' . .-',t-" @ ';' @@"' " '.""" ",@"Ir=4; ', ,@ , @ , , "-, @ II @I-1I@IV"""" % " . , "@' I I, , I )@f@-1'4@"@ ,@@'@"" - @tsx' zm@ 'ii@ '@@ @' , @@- -:,' Q-" , @ z'I@I -, - -,,--- , -I@,,, @ @, @ @- ll;l."' "s" ", A, ,- -- -- I x 'A - ,,"I i- -1-11, 14t- -:"I" -'se-@ ,t, @, ,@ ,-I@ 7-0,,si - sx ," -- ,,, "', @ @-' - ,@- , % @ I-.:F, @@"' - @ , -1 @ @ @ "@' @',@ -t, ,"I f,,,-,,,, ,- -- " k'W-11 d'Else" 4@"'4 L-el,"11 .'@ @ ; zs? - -@ ,'-, - @ @'@ " ."," "@-" @ @@",@-'e",, -@" f'@@-'Il 1'1@," "@s,' ,, ,@o , '@'- -i; i@'-' ."@.@"!@t7 ,"', -'i, X',,-..@"'@ @' - '@@" @ "' @'-'-s "@'@ .. .... T@@ @@i 19 , , @' .,@"," t'- -II,,-@' - ", -."i0'L"'---,"--Zis'@Z"@" Y" 8"' ,,;j ' 1,1@'@ -@' 11".1-1 @' I @ -11II I- @@'@' - ",'I I It '' , '-t , ", " -, I'll @@- - @,,';,-'( "'@""'r -'r, @, ,,,, .""I-----4 -""'-X"sJ'@--" 1--, -@U@@"'@" W'jPH"-@'k, 1,,-j -i, --B"I-- - - , ,,@@,, ,0- -t@' -0 @@.' @- " @t @' I T -'@i -@".", , ,@.@x@ ff'; , --,, - jy,$"""@@@,,@,fi,,',4@,,,-.@-,---@,@,,@,.@l-,,, , - F.0, @A.' @n'st'@':,, @-, #4 4, V, -'j""@ - 1, de_'7'@'tp3p'@'@' @0/- ,j, ""@ @@ -'@@"n - - sM,,,">,; , @,',-@,Y; ,;@ff"- 1-1 "I''. @ Is''', li, @ ", -@. ,I @-,,."@ i"@ 11"i's It', - -P .". t sts' z'- 's"@@'-,,,-,@` @ -I t, @@ . '- , @t- -@@-@ 11 ,11111-,--i it", N@-- t" It' -L@@, @;' r@--z"i-, -'@ @ @ ""@ 4 ".'-t,,-'@ -'ff , ,-1 p'-"@-' ,- - -1@ ,''- @I," @ @ -t""'V@"' -i"t.l."', I -,,,@f, @'; '',--" , - ,-, `-11-I, IAl--,""" ,"" @11,@ ,@ ,11 @' 11",,- -@--_"'; @,,,,@, ," c, @"'a @;' " @ " "- ," "'s, -, - -,@, , 't,',@ -, ,@',,, ,--",- @1,1111", - '---"'-'@ _""@ ,"@' -- ", "-I"I'- @ - @ sl " @ I ---,", -., @ ,, ,-, @ t- I ,- " ", , , -'@ - -,X-A I.;, -4 I, -'@"@ -le's; I' @@ @' -I 0@ @@"@"t@ y ;' @' '@ '@-@"', -,' --" -1 - .-I," - III I,-@ @'-`@ "% A, -,I'- I@ -@"@I , '@@ %, ,6 ;at@' : , , v" I , @, @ .- , !,- -@"-"""so ,@, '1:1@ 'g'@ ,4S@ -t" s"' .,,-'TI -" @,, ,,@ I 11 '1@11@ 1@"',o" @!""I@I ,, , ,-, --v "-"w4"' -@@S,;4'--" , @-- ,@ ,@' @ --,"@' IeI-, I- 11, , @ ,--@'--II .'I'sw ," @@f, --s@ - , .'@, !@' -' "@@'@ 1@ " v ,` @-p' ''-@ "I,. i@I"-@ I,fll@@@ " ,@ .- "s "',-@r@,. 1,,@w -, '@' ,-,@-@ @'I '- @""'e'@-;@ @' t@ru'-'V-'@.@ ", "--,.- , ` 1,-@, ;.@' -@ "", P,@ C" , -@1- , , @ ,j,1@-11 I@' I I1-1%, @ @ V- , I@,@ " "j, x,-@@ -@,-@-'@,@--",t" , ,,,If, '@@.@ ! @,, --'@ 1@,- , I-@' I-A , ,,.1 t%,@I , , "@' @_-j t'l @.- ", s"' , t-,F,,ms@v@@-,I,,,, @@ -:@ ", -, '@ '@"s'v -1 ,,II I,,, A@ ,,,, ,-@ x'Vs@ , 'kiilb"V'@o ,@@'C s, , @' 2, -, " " I " 11 II .s'",- -: t" I- IIII11 -1 tlII- "---@I"- '-""@" '@ ,,--1 "t, ,"- -lr@"'@"@ @ x'vs@@IIII , ?I,;-- I '--Nl@,'i '@I, @, ,',@,@ _-.@',.3, @Z-'--@I@,@ -7@,,-@--,--- W.' , @@ @-", _I z -- -I ,,, @' -4 @ -- -'- , " " -- @' ": @' , ,, ,," '--- '' ,-@11 1,,,,-I,-@ II 1, 1- I,,,.-I - I"t 1@ @"' , "ll@-JU'4@'q@ .@@,@""..@,@@,]U@l-,,,@@:..-@@,@-.,,,,@,-@-,@, -@- -;-@l,,,,, @- -- ,:@;@ "4'r, , - t.-, ",' @ "" @ - - @1@ l-"'@"--,"--'-t"-:' ,', ','@css- @"-,-,-- , , -", @F"."' c'."'!@t.", - - ;',@@;-;4,.";:4:,@@,@,4,;,-@@:@@f,@-,@',-;,'@,;'- ,, ,- -"A- @- ,@ '',s" @@ , ,I'-v !-4'jWf% ,;-,",-.- ' "I @-. Ag s) e-'.' @""'- '-@ i 'iil@' IP4".f, "@ - @-- --- @ -, @' Iss t , i @ , @ -@ ,--t I,ss@t ,- 'ss, @"@ y','j - @, ,,, "@ @, ,,%-, -x , '@ -'; '7j -' ':q"' i" --N'@'-@ ? @: @; --'@' " , , ,,c,I', ,-@ , , "', @ - , ", @'-,@@-@'@'@Il 0;@"Z""'@"'ss'@K I " :I @- , --,-,,11 @I--- -I- - @ @' 4@-"'-'*'@ x, llel@@-'"' :,,@-@"@ , - '-@-@ -, . --,"S'7j,r'wf'4'4"@' --@'-ve'ij"?"V"@' "t @ ' '%@ " @,@, , -, @' " @'@z ". '-,'' '- -- , @ ", ,- ,,- I'- - I"I, -- @ t-'' -", @ @ A,@ , - I@"-- -e, ," I'- - @,@ , --@',- -,I,,, - @ @ z"" , , @ @,,, ., "' @;'." , , ,,,,, -z' -@'J-' "."'@"ts"'I, -- :' @; :'@s. @ -'i , ,"@-, @" ';,," Z @@,,- 11%. -cl """"',j-1,'ss"",@@s" -"-t_l-"';', -ot-, . . " 11 11 II", @' ts-@, ,-"-, ,s - ,--I ,, ,- @, ,, """ ,@,@ @" ,- @,I- --1,114 's ----,, ",- 4, , "'t k,@"'@@' 'j""@' ,-"'@@ "-' ?,,-,t,,,,,,,@@' @t ""',I, ,-, "t,"".t" -U, ,. - ,,, @- , y , " -, @ ., s" , @ , I@-I ,, "@' " ,,,'@ "," Ar"@ ho @-l @ " "@,0;@' @ "@s@' -@" @i' - -,@ @ , - , , - @ " ,i@@@; "'t, s@,,, -I - -6- "'n-4, , .- , ,i @' '@t "@ @'.@ " @ , ;- " '.,Is @ @, -@'@ I "@" ,s '',,,@-", @@ ,-'-, fl, --' -- I--,, --"@ -t @ ,-,"P, ts '--@'-jl ,@ '@' 1- '. , ,,@ @ ,,, "!' , 4@' -'"@, ti'- ' o-@,@@]r@ . ,2 " ,I ... ... @'- '@" @' , , ` @. " i @' t - """, s,,@,, , ,- -"'r- " @ " ,@ :@' Y.4'v _ - -, " ,@ '?Yl' "w -v q-x"; '-" @ i, , I-"' @ ""@ I,@@ - s;,'- - "It-'- @;' @11 " @" Av:@ @@, @'-', , -i '3", I'@ "'!''?." o.'@@ " ,'c '@'eV"@@sl','i,k ,-, - s, t@"@,1, s' -,-, - @.@- "g, t , - 'f P@ ,,X, ,-':@' -"-@i ,,-','." -, ,, @-'-,@ - @' 'C ' s@I -- @F@"'-' , "!@-, ''@" li --'@ -'@, 2 @/, - --.I ,-@- " -- -' @' , -@ @ @'t, "'-" , ", ,@,,"'iII ,-,,'@'' X'-,` -,@" :V"'@""""@@:;s@-4";@ ,"@ , @, @@' - "- "'-'@' '-t'@,-",looll" ` --'w!i'IsP"' '-'r - " *',I'-- "', @-'@ " @'@"" II-, , 1.,c ", ",@@,'@"-3w@,@',@@,-@,@,,'-,,@;,@@@@:;@,@-3@@@,**.@@3i@4 ,@s_ "e ;"@' @s' "- "" -- , -, -, - ,@, @ - @- t ,,,,'@ " @?,, @ , @ , -" t@@t""' ,- -@' @'- A I II@,for .- @ -'@ , -,@ ,,, @ I-n ,@1'1-'@ 4 -",,,,-, '',",-: , @0'::@"I- @.", @- @,I@ " @' @ " - , ""'@ ,", @."" ,,,,,, " ,x-,,I'.I@@@,"'t '. I @vm'*' , , "'@- - , , ,II@' I" II11 , t " "Ist @"s ,--I. ,-,,, I--" ,-, ,,,@- III 1:I1-11, @@_. V,cs", d't I @s,@--,", " ,,,, "@@' -;@ -' , " @-'@@:'-t ,is '." @' - @,@ "-'- -'@@'@ '-"""" 'il- -11'1'@sl "I", @, @' " .' ,, -@'@,'@@.,@@,,@@.@@4,@'I'@@@",;@"-,@@@@@,@'@@ ,F,,,W'@':"@ 3;!,,@ -ti@n --@"@-,'4"--t'", @',:". -".', I - @, -,'- 'F-"t,@- ,-@ z' "@@-@ ,i"r'e'- "", "" , , @ .@',- , 1, @ " ",-,,.1 ,,,,@o't "-'@-@:@'i,;"@- ;@--'-',c' - ,' 'ea , ,-, @@,@' "'@ , -@@@ .@ ,'t,'@ 44@;fll "I4@",-3,4 @, --,@'---?@'ns, - " W- ',@ @@@2-,@";@"'@ " 1 , , , " ;:- , " " " "@K @@ -'@ "" , , ,s I- , x @-- ,'@' "- I11 11 I ,@4 @ I - -@' @'Il @ " " @" "! @'@@,'@? "'I';-.,- @,- @@-,,, ",-,-, I--1, -.1 , ,,, A,- III, ,-@'- -11-'iel,f,UV s@'-' ,'-' ', Itl I" @' I-, @ -,w @,-'@ , @ "'- , -@,' @ .,- i t'@@ - @--sl " @, '.j7' @-s -,','-o@ - - --""'I,'@-, ," - ,-,, @' - t@,-,, @,,,,.s - @'@'@ ss-'@O'@"- i-46rw-'Z@ir i4W'jl@s,@@' , @' ."@'-'--" @'?!"" fi@@F " @'O"--'A- @ s" " t" "' @"" - - ",,,,,,I.'@I@'I- ,-, , ", .@ "@6@ ,-- -,;, , ut_', I@I-1 -1 @; ,",,I@" I -4 @- -i;" "J"t, t'Z " @I P,-- .-I--@"@ @-', @ , ". ,-%." , ","". --,-- I-, ,I- - A, - , 1: @ 's @@--,, A, '--@'"@' @"-" 'I- ", @ -'o-- @-V' "f@"@@ ,- x'@Ii'@,-- -, -" --'; @ Is, @-"' @--' @ - , -,,'---,t,-,'-,"i"- - '---@ sr,"'@--,-, ,,"-"@@"- - ,- - - s? '@' e @;@ @ 4",, -' -,, "'s' "',-s-,.' , @ - , , , @ , !- @:ir- -,,i 't, -,@,-"O - ,@-,@ ,@ I-"A .,-- mr, i@" I '@",---'s," ,-- f-,-11,, @ I r-" '::- ,-@-A"','--',,"Is, "'@,'@' -""'@" -@ , -- - --11117,ljo@ @@I@ -, , @" - ,, ,,,"''C", 1,,,:- @,, ,I'-- @,@ I'- s ' 1-1,-I - I -INIV '. @ @@" W4@ts-'@ I'o- ' @ @ , '@-j -'@-@@:@ @"t@'@ f @-@s-44-4' --' " , I11 -@ J, - -' @,@ ,ej4i @' @ j @F'-'@11-@ I -@' ,- @@'-"@T' @ @, I , , , , , , " ; - ,,, , -"@ ,- -I I- ,- _.,1, -, @"@ .,---,@", ,@-s1111,-@:-' @@; @ " " tz", ", -I 2,"@I ,-,'@ ,@-@"'-"@ s,--"',,4,@-- -, - I- I@si, @,,, t,!@= ',sx"', @ "" " -"---'--"-', @@"--t,ss@''@i@,, @ I VIII-14 @'TJ'14 " @X@,- @"-R, @Wtr'lsrf@ I,,s@ @V, &sl'tt @"- , @ , I" ,- ''s ',@ @,, .11, ,,,;@ '4-"@' , ,-@' '@-y,,-j "t, ,-,-"'@ U@ - @@ ,,, -1, -'-*4fy -@'- -@@ '1'@@. ,-I - , , , "-@"to @ ,,, O" ,'@ "@,-, -'--,-,," @ , ", @ @--- ' , -1 I "',03,% ",_ @'@'!-'@ @ ,,,"@@'i@@,,;,@"":""@@,,',,-,,-i,,@j,,@@'',@.,, '@14" '-1 - ll@@ -'2x @"'-"'-, @'@ I6,, .@" @' ,,,@" "",@I@' " -,,Ist<u-fji@" @@ '@ "', @W @@, , ''s -@ " - _-, @ -, ' 11 I - -" I @' @'@' "I', , @@-,--'-"O ls'@- @-' ".1 "t, ,,,,,,A" -""'@- '' ' '2@ -" '- i@r!@!'@-y'@@I'"""- v@: t'@- -':@ ,,, -1 @ " ", - I- @, s,@"--", js@ @ @'s",st@ @'-,"t,-@, @"s @ @ - 4" @ @ @'." 7, @ s' 3" -No, -3-- ,'-@@ , 0 @"-@ - - -@"; @ @- , ,I -@,, ", ,,, .11 , -@@"s,- ,-' ""___ @'--'@' s'<$6", -1,6 4,-",q""Id,,"'@'y?',-@' ",?"@",@',,@'j,,@@,@@,@,'@@;-";" 3 --""@@'@ '' @ j, x' 't-e,'J' " "',,''@ 'sl- , ,'' " 1,1 1, " @@ @':@ , " O'k, s@ --, III's I.- I -I 4s@@,- @' -":'@"",.j&'@' "I -@ - -,,l'l:-7111-' -11 It , I@L -@,-,--@@- -11-@,-@,-,,-,"i- @, 'r @;- " ",,"-'.",-!"@@'-- " "ss@@I" @- kl'@' _s% 7'@ M K@11'@"?'i --:@'"", Is -@ 't;@ @'s@'-7,,-) , -,@' "4," "'@'@@'@ "- .'@'. @"'@,@,@@ -0:' @ ,,, " , ,,, ",li ,@A " ,- , ,, @@, @-@@ ot-,--4@- -, ,.- t ',"" " " @, -I 11 I 11 " @H ,;-_--j'-"'',-0,@r- Y "-@14@ -I, ;elv'o';@-'' - ,@@ e4v @ @' @JK , -'@ . 11 s'@ I,, I '' "t: @'! ' -"-:' 'm-I, -A--;'-'h@';,,"tjr@g@' - , , -1 -1 @ .@"-- @, "@'@J' @@ @@sl@ '@'- "i "" ., ""*a"'-'- os, F3@' @@o j'@ Apj@,s,,csj@r@'Y' j-@'A@"' ," ,,@ _@, - , , @ , ' " , A, i"@.p gf"A' " @" , , ,,, ,@@@,,@,c,,,,f-,@,,-,-,@@@,t-@,@,,@@," 4111@@""'., ,,@ k.-" @".-' @'@@sh @1',,@"I ,-, "@`"-',, ",,"-1@ @- : , ",", @ "@,"'@'.@' -, _ '--o- I,- ,@-,s,,@- is -p sZ,"I ,,F,I, , "@' 3'I "' ", s""-s' I ';@ -3,@,@ @-@,',, ?" -@ @' -1, - " ", ,,,, @ ,,, @"@'-%@ ';'-@'-@' , -!',"',@ @-' @ "'-t, x'si,-- @":@ sx, -, ", @' @X'%toj,@ i-fZ1-e"@.'-%--"o'N'Ui 'l--l 1-11, @'- @-" .: "' `-"- ,@.'-IIIIIW @@'"@-",-t@"!@'--t@: II@' '@: @, --,@@' I- '11- ' ,It 7, - P-'@@@- , -1 "- @ ", -'@' - "q,-"-; II ", ---, "'. _-I_-@, y, z -; '-'' " - - - @-,-?Z@;" ""@" - ,-, , @'--4, 1@'@ t ,I,','@--'ss- -'i@@s "- , -- l?' @"" 4'j'j@"@ -@@ @'@' @@ ,@@'i' , I'- ";- s% @-- ",- @ -e."-"'@@1, "',-'p @ """' " @ @ @-:A,,' @I @1@11 "'@".@@ ," @-' -1 - -i. I @' @"'114'-'@%@'@@'- -@fs- @ ,, @" , ",I 41-; @ @--,, - ,@"@"'_-@"-@'-@ .. . ... '@@ts -t@ ss - I @- ,,-"':i--@-'.,- -'@-' @,-,- %'- - O!"z""J"?, "@!:-P4'0' 3 -'-A ,@@ p"'@'i-"@"'4-@o @'- 11,@- @1, __;, - " 1, , ,@ I 11 -" @ _ @ @ @ @'!";I@ -", ,- '@--- .,,114 --st If )l F@4s" s' @I- sl , " @@I , - t w. t"C' "-Z's,' l!" " t -'I'l -"',I@"'@@ @@ @- @ "Z @-- ,i @:;- I-@''' 't, '. , @'-,I1.11 ", II I -- @- I, -'-,@- .@l-,--le@@s",,- @- @' I - 1, . ",' - ,I ",-.1 @ " " I-, :' -'@' '@1$,.' @ -"' @ - Iz "t , I , , @' "'Y., 1; I -,'t@ , @@ ,,, ,@@ k@"'@'@Ix -@ s@ , ,6I-" @@ tl-,L,@-Si'r@'@'%tq- - ",,,,, , . - , , "-I @ @'-' "@' @' , ",--@4,- -,i- "I ,,@@-I "@' - @"'@;@ - @' -, `,t,I- P 11 '@,"@-@@ z"'-'tjf-y?';'- @ ,,, " ,. ,, ", I'.-,@ @ @ --f -, , 1, @ "@!@" @"s@!'."' @1@@- -",@" 9V--l I_""-O@'t, ' -'@"',@"@ " , '@j@`?@ ,, "A ,""UA;js -TT @-@@ @@,", @-,'.' @' yp, ".1, '' ''l-11", , ,,,-'!"@ , ", ," ,-1. - @ @' -,", ," -, sZ-@ '' 'I's-'-, -'-- ., '-,I'-@lll',@@ 1."I--I-, 'W"@x @@@@1:1,,,,@,,, -I '@' -'* I @ "I , " " -, , , "- -, ''-- -@ -' '', - , 1-1.-1 @ -, -z' @ ', " @'-r ` @,' -, ',:""' @. -, s,-x 1-t's--, -:q," -"- '@'Ill' @""!'"'- @@'----z " @;;;'-,,@I@ --I-,.,@ , "4 @ -, @,,---@-"--;'-'."'", @ @I'-@ '' " , f,"'- , - ,'-- @' i Spo -7'-"f@';@ 4"@'i _Z?-, - -"@""@' @'i @' - X",--- 11' ,-"t' s, , I, "v -@sslllsll-l 0;@' "4 "@@ "@ ,@,,"- @'--' @ @2s I., -@-'-' -,- "@'-`-3'1 -z---"'@@""I's-,",,-.II,-I-@' ., ,@-'''I-f- - .-:'@111121"t'll- I it' , @ @ t@ , --;@- ,", 1i-@ , , -, @"I'@, ,-s' ts@- ---"II--I. I","'- ? ll@ I I I"',,, [email protected], , - @','j -, @L, - " " ,,"' @ @-'T ,-'t @ 'I'j , ,sl -: " @4'@"@ ', s @' -"@ -,... 91 , @,I-" IId 'k, @ '-,e@@"'5'@ " so , ls@ " @ ts,'@ ,'r, t . I-, @@'4 4 @,,- '@',-, "' , --.. - @I @ @7-4' t."', .- -'- '@' " @,, @, @ lkn@@"@-Jto'@-f'4 qts"@I'J'#'.-@ss@o- ."'O @ I," 4-14@ @@fi- @-@M:H' "; . "- @ 11 r.-'17'1 -" I- 1,-11--, ','-?AA0IP'@h " e J "e". ,I1, @e@--II I-l" I-I'@@s@- II- -- -", ,- Al,41 - -@ .f- - 's -11;iip V? @ tt4-lAR "@j 9't*@' @@w - s@ r', ,,,, II,@' I"- -1 @I,,@-A@ M AIIAP -s -H4,@'O@ -1, ' - - @'i-y '' " -'t, "Is'-I I I ---a,','11 I '@'Il -I@I -11, 1, -A, , @" @'"-- -.1 - II'm , - @' "'@ , , '@,ss " @ " @ - - , " @' -:--@ sssll"J@l "I @,,i" r@- -.- "t, yilsw;",@'k" @ "", I I,- 1: "i@@'@"s" , "i @' @ I!--- -@ mrp @ "'@-@@ ,-@-i'te-,@,i-;F---@@@o@,,f-'F,',ili,@',@ Ig' @t,, ,- @-1, sI', @ t'@ @i'@'f_ , I @ @ I @':""'@k ':5"s'f'@'@- @... t' s';' - , , , " @111@ @ -I '@@@ @- ,- -- @j:9'.';"' " @ -'@ -",-", t@ , - "-@f'-s -- -.,: , -@ "-""@ @ @" t:,"@- @@ -@, "@, s :' '@@'- -'; @ , , " - '' ,@' :s @ , - - ,, I",@11,,,,, @. -@'@ , @@@1, 111:4 @ ", , " - s' , I ,@@:" -4,-- '-I@ I @' - I- '-'@'-@--@'-'@ _-' , ", t,-,- 's-' ,,,,, , ,, , --,@ . , ,'Y ---,- , - ,,"I "Is' 1@ ,, -"-,,- '@i` '-;-7.@" i t @ J @ @' "-,'", @ @ ' ' ' ' "" - @`--@I I,---' ,I1-1-11 st@',11I @, ,'@; @",---, -- o. [email protected]' "@-, ,,,@,14@ Vr,,,,, ,,, -'@ -@ ,@ - -@" @ -- - -Z., ",,.,- .@ -lt"@t@. '-,t'%'2'@@;fs",'-@. t "' .';':@'@@ ,-'@ " -t ' ' ".' ',-'Z@': ,:@ ,tli I I --11, r@ "II"""'-s:-@'- ,,, , @, " s7'- ,"" @ 1,11 .--'@'----je----'-" ,,,,, ,I- ,,'-,,., @ I I'- - x@t"--I -@ 4@'@@ -A'-@-"@""Ilsl'@"f"@ , ,'_ @,P, '- , @@'@ , @'. -, , @", ".. @,',- ,@4@y" - - @--j , @,, -I" - @""',,@@,'-O'- --- I I-I,@@J'@ ,sl"-@ -@ x':,," ,-@, -......I- I'--'' "'. " s- - @' i -7 , ';@;' s-,@ -, -@" - -,,t: - -@@':'@,@,,,-'@'@';":' """,--, ,Its -""-@l ",@, I-----@ ,,, " i: @ t'@" @ , " , -, , I--,,,,@l , , , @'7'@ -'- @-j , ";' I- -, ,I@7' , 1@ -'@"' @ -'-@@, % @' -, 's' " - ' , "" "-I"'"' @ --4 tf, - ',,-W, ,@ , "3@1 " @,"' I," v "-, --I - 1@'@-.' --@-:i- t' x-, -,", - ",3 - , @ ---I--:s's -1, - i" @" " ",@ 'i",t, '. @'-- ", @''III "1, - I I-` @"', ," 'I,,p ,-, " @'y - 1, @@ t" @'- ", 11 1@I _" '%1111-- @-- @s-'@'@'j@lzll@'@ ,@i@'.11@,@,@@,,,,@l-,',?"";-,,@,@@@@@,@,,@"1",.,S-z,@@@';,i,@, ,@' r'."4t@ 'f'fw'A -,."-.' ,'@"@'-@,'@'-'A's"@ --"@&" @,:"_.'V@,I@ i t':', @--@7, ,@ '@-',@' 16?,I,- -@,i'i-@,@,e@,,@ii0@@@e4,,l,@@@@e'e@",N,3,"@@@e@Vifff,Y 'P'-L-I - -,W'@@ -@ 'i I'@ -, "-@'e';@'@ " -'@;-_'@',':' -',?@"'!",,- @ @- @, ,- t., -, , , ,@ , I @- 4- -'- - @ -, '; ,,,- t%W ";It"@ "@ - s@t'"ig@'-14 )6;0@,,'Wp4ddff')@ v F? -WAMIA Re -,z--,-I@, I -,@-,AVI A " 10,4,k @" s" -li- -11 ''-- -II t, 11 -`,", 1. '@,' y", @xs "-, ;:-." za'-,j @"@@ ,-'@ """,@'@"@ji ,j> @@ 's-, @ @ @ ',',"- @ 0 @@ , , ' -@.. I ,'; , ,@I-,@;;-, '. - '--'@;s ;'@@g" ;'t '41-s- 1 -,"Vs @ 11, i- I - -l-,I@'@ @I.@' I'll I'll .- '@@V'@,xI@' ,-j"" -4-1 @4"-4--'@'.@' ;@",""'41'4@;'""t lK@',s-1,41--, Iif . ,,IIII"-- `' @--I@-"W.'A,@,F"@' -@'S,tt @ @ '-, ",,-@ -@ ' ", ", - I-"', ,,@@@ ,,tl- -@- ---,@@s' , "c t , , Z- 11, -,- @I I- 11--l @'-@"', @- - @"@@@'.,, -,@;, - ,11 @ - -- - " ,,,I 11 I@' @ ' '-j'@;@A"'-'" T" -1 'E', @" 4T'01'R"Z'W Ov @q,fisf, ,,- t-I @- -'I @-11 , @,,, I 'I,"".'N,."-@@ 1@ @@,@A"-?Vt"@ II, , ,N,, @@i ,- , 11, it,-@ lp" "%",,.@ ,--@' ""ic . .. .. .." e' "I I --- @ @,'@I,, -, --"- @- '@ I -@'' ,: "I _- ' , ;'-@'@'-'--'."' -@ 1, I'l-' - -, , "- -""@' ll--"-@@-,'II-@p,7 @4, .I- 11-- @,14,--,@,,@@@-@@,','-,@,"@,@',@,@ @ A,-- , i ,, A @ @ 5 "W qw4v .v ZP@ ---,.,@,,@,,@@p.@@,;".,@,@'el@,'A,i,l@",@',@F@@-@--,i,,,: @@,,"'@ , , " "' @ -I.@: " ""',,"?@k-'otop'M'k ,--,7, ", -III I-I'll,,- @-, ", @----'- --' I: '@ , @ , I '@ "I@ @'_;" I- .. @ `@-@"!&-@A@:X@" '' @' , -'W'a" N,d, -'--Og',to@ g'e@ @@ ''I 1, 11IQrwo--'@5 '@ - 1, 'r@w,,,@AII'--!fs -" -- ---,@i ft.Alli @A; ,'A@l @?'@. 11I"IM-11 . @ ' , '# 0;'@ ax, ?Wls@@- -@@ @ -71w,"Ime @P 'tQ%'*Vj @',@@i m-'o'-""-"'W4A o@ @@ lpllql"r WFI XNAVA st , -, V!,-... .11 I'' @,@'-F' "@----1 , "" @- "AYINTIR , -11 , "N' "I"@ @11 - 1@ ,' -"@' s,- " -@' ,- y""a"'v"s - V@ @'- "'@' "" "@@ I I@' @Yll@ljlq's @'- I@-"' I,-,@' --@' '@ I'@- " "@' @ "'-"`@ISIIIIIA-s@-@-@"-' '@' -0 , -, -g @ -"-"@"' @"@ -"? ,"- @@"'o -"@a '@' 0@ ,V @ t"; 4:r'A@ - "s ,,,, @""n.t @ t',.' @1'11 @'x@ 11 11@,@ Af- --'@ @'3'TI,"" "-s" - t"""-"@, 05 -"@ -, , 4,@@"'X@ @p @ imm ',j, J@ @glX,'7;'&',@S'@ _ , __- -- -_"' ,@, ss". , I11I,"'- ,- '- ; f3Y-y @ , <C,51 ----@- -.""' ,":2-- I I-,@'I,@@ -- - -"' k,-@ -1 A, l" -,-_, -"'- .' , ':@' -g"@ -JWJ@'@ '-I,-,, -@- @@Oil'---j,--""'@ '@@"-'.@" -',"@,@? @ --I"""-,,@@ " ,4!"%, A,t;sl"@@ t-, N@.'-'Te @' @111 4. @'P-Jt-qI- ",""'@@: 01,-I I , Ap @ @ - 39 2"@ '@'-@' -,-I' @@ -WA, -@' @P" j'!',g@,,@@!-"' -- ,-, . g-1 ". @"' I' ---@'@'.'@i@@' ".-,-'cts@z'@@,-'@ s,-" -,, 4, @" @ @ ,,-q "ife @; @-""',@ItsP'--' &"-"41-- @. - -@,@"-" , ",- , -,-?,."'.@@, -"@ -'e-, -- @@i' ; r-,@ 'j'@' 'e' I Ixg @@ @i'@'S , -@ I -17II-1,"", " ,, @ --I., V@'v@" 't@ r@ ...@--@ "@ @, @ , -@" I x@@- -31 - , - @'Z- ',,' -; -"-'@ --','@@ @,;'@,- -I,I-,--- -,'@ @ @, _I-1, @ ,3-,@ -@,i "S @. -',, @,2- ir" I I', " --, PM ;,-II -T, ,@--6,"-@i$ , ,,;I -.. @- '3' , @ -- @'C@ -?""Pl- @. " "I S!-'l, '@' tL@ 4 ts@--'@ @ @ @' @II""-NDI@'Y"r,X"P@PUPI -,-"-.1 -, @' i,,@'@ ... t,, tc ,I .,3. @@:#f"," ,-' " -,;" vtI I,"fAVY FAIY";A'i@' -'IR" '@' 1-1 - 11",c7,, '@' t@ , @"""' @- -r@,'.-"-'@ --",.,:,'v, , @ @@ -11 -cll 't, I @ ,,:,-I ----.' , , ,A, "- -1111,AI,,"-, @,-, " 'f- "@@f- M, 'I 50""Wq, '@ ---v @ @ @' -"' ,,I, @" - ,' @ j @I @-'-l' -I@" ", .0, @"'-F""' i @'@" @i ., @l;@, -,@' @, ",@, s' ". qp';"@.-g@-qm'pq -'j--.qj'@ ,, n;""" x@' -- 11 -1 -@-t, I- @'@ 11I.-"@ I t" '- ,@-,-, -"t@ @@% -'@i ,,,, , A--,;8;,@@.@*,,,'e@@@,11,,@,'@-W@,,',@@,,,,,,@@ -'t'@'.g--y --'-@s "'@ @@ ,,ss'-f-, r-' ;; -@ tal'-j, ", -@@'@@I @a'kI,,, e- pj'N"" V-0104" 1.11,1.14 ;,le 6, lg, ON'itss , s@'Ii -"" -. . . .. .I - I -,,'s I -@- l';l , " , , It ,.@@ I--- s"@- " @LIa @l ON@l -q'@' AVAI W6111,-- , @ -, @ - @' -;"@ " -- i ' 'ts, -, -@-:- @- ---t" j"t t'-%,'," ,sW@,I, -0'3@1" , 4-'F FTMF'?_4lZ7-t@, -I,--"- I''; @li'-@t-" 'A@ .. I-, @'@-@@"-""st@a ,-"@'4,':@-' <,,@'-.-,,,,@,@k,-I@,@@-@,-,'O@,"-,@,e,-"","&"L&--,@,t,@,,"'I -'@ --J ewts0A'Wv @' - I 1, -- , , . , "Ei "i" -'@." -.- m@ ", .""' "-13 s' @--@-@ .1 - I-t'j't. ,,, .@'@."" @' 11 @' "i '@ , @li @@ @@ , .10I- ,11 @ @ -- @ ,,@Z :@,'@@ -, "'-- ,@.'@@ @-@ @@ @,s" --s'I I "", @-f , ,'11- @ I - -, I1@ 1@-,I1@ I II' ',", @@ i"A fv @"@""I ---@,,-""@I , ,".- -'." L, @@""' @."'@ ...... cs- ---- 17' . @'@,'33- ' @2,.'@xx Itl t@ ',:11" '"I 1,@,@"@ As.'x @" .@@-111@2 X-l @--" '@'--' -@ R i@.'@';@ I'll @ j-", L'I,11 @I. ll@ 'Aysttf @'.- ,,,,. ,,_ @@@'- @@' @@' -@- I@@' "'@U'4" @1-9 -F-lr -;@ , ,"Ak@", ,@, ?@@ --- " @- -- - - - 11 , @ )ROPOSED 4. Human 'beings organize themselves into societies which strive to better their quality of life. ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES 5. Higher standards of living, currently equated with higher rates of consumption, as practiced in developed industrial nations, frequently consume more natural resources and more signifi- In order to establish a foundation for environmental decisions cantly modify our natural environment. ,i the future, the Temporary Commission recommends that the follow- 6. Man is an integral part of the total physical environment and ng assumptions, goals, and policies be adopted by the Legislature. not separate from it. 3asic Assumptions for Hawaii's Environment 7. The man-made environment cannot continue to take indefi- For Hawaii to formulate goals and policies to protect, preserve, nitely from the natural environment beyond the assimilative ind enhance the quality of its environment, there must be a clear capacity of the natural environment to regenerate itself. Man ;tatement of assumptions about that environment. The uppermost must seek to attain a balance with the environment so as t6 issumption about Hawaii's environment is that Hawaii must follow a I optimi'ze both the quality of his life and the quality of the ,onservation ethic. environment. It is assumed that Hawaii's physical environment is made up of These are the basic assumptions of. the environment which the he natural environment and the man-made environment. The natural people of Hawaii must recognize as they establish environmental -nvironment is composed of the islands, the oce an around them, the goals and policies. air above them, the vegetation on the land and in the ocean, and the We recognize that many important government decisions must animals, birds, and fishes on the land and in the ocean. These are deal with the interrelationships between man and his physical en- imited in area, numbers, and quantities. This. was the self-maintained vironment. This Commission, in viewing its assignment from the iatural environment of Hawaii for thousands of years. Legislature, focused its recommendations on areas of interaction be- 7 Then man appeared in the Hawaiian Islands. Man is an animal, tween man and his total physical environment. This State Environ- oo-, but he is a different animal. He can organize his efforts; he can mental Policy Statement is intended to outline goals and policies that Duild and create. Men organize themselves into societies to maximize' should guide the judgments of decision-makers in all levels of govern- @he benefits to that society and to its individual members. They, strive ment and private enterprise. :o improve their quality of life. As the society of man is organized, it We further assume: Degins to build its structures for housing, commerce, transportation, a That there is such a thing as an Aloha Spirit and that it is identi- and other purposes. It creates a man-made environment. And it is this fied with empathy, tolerance, graciousness, friendliness, under- -nan-made environment that uses and modifies the natural environ- standing, giving. It is in part a wayIof getting along. -nent. And Hawaii has a limited natural environment. Already it is e That the Aloha Spirit is fragile and can be shattered by popula- ,iecessary to import from other natural environments beyond Hawaii's shores. tion pressures and a highly competitive society. The environmental assumptions for Hawaii against which we can 9 That the Aloha Spirit is worth preserving and that one way to evaluate future actions and programs are these: do so is to master the pressures alienating us in our own land. 1. Hawaii's natural environment is limited in scale and quantity. 9 That this spirit springs from the natural environment of these In many aspects it is unique and fragile. islands and the heritage of Hawaiian life styles. Our island 2. Hawaii's man-made environment consists of social institutions geography, a benign climate, and beautiful vistas help create and physical structures which are dependent on the natural this spirit. Thus, we have an'additional debt to our natural sur- environment. roundings and a strong self-interest in protecting and enhanc- 3. The man-made environment frequently consumes. natural re- ing what 'nature has given us.. sources and modifies the natural environment but man has the That the citizens of Hawaii want government to intercede to capacity to enhance the physical environment so as to reduce preserve a harmony between man and nature, and that govern- the strain on the environmental balance, ment should use the tools available to it, both positive such as incentives and negative such as restrictions and penalties, to The imbalance we see bears a close but not absolute relationship achieve, to heighten this harmony. to population pressures. In Hawaii today, growth of population and That where interests conflict, those of residents should take increased levels of human desires have outpaced our capability to precedence over those of non-residents without denying funda- grow without environmental damage. mental human rights. To put it another way, we are approaching, and in some cases have exceeded, the limits of the environment's ability to support hu- man activities at present levels of technology. We have in these cases exceeded the carrying capacity of the environment. We have reached a condition of Overload. The result is a diminished quality of life and environment. Statistics show us that Oahu's population of 257,696 in 1940 grew to 630,528 in 1970 and is predicted to range between 990,000 and 2,010,000 by the year 2000. We see the motor vehicle census doubling about every 12 years, the annual count of tourists doubling every four years. We doubt that Natur Oahu with crowded streets and 360,000 motor vehicles now can pos- sibly accommodate 700,000 cars by 1985. Society Several possible indicators of Overload are presented as graphs following page 9. If then, as the Commission believes, the key is Overload, certain courses of action are clearly indicated. 8 Population Growth The Commission recognizes that the condition of Overload is not solely that of population density, but at least until consumption prac- Of tices are moderated, and technology advances are made, Hawaii must pause, or slow down its growth both in temporary as well as in per- Man-Made Natural manent population. Environment Environment Carrying Capacity k Hawaii must proceed quickly to measure the ability of'our natural 44% Total environment to cope with the impact of human society. We must de- Environment termine which systems are most susceptible to overload, and at what level of human activity the overload occurs. Evidence is abundant that the capacity of either our natural environments or our man-made environment is already overloaded in many places. We are not able to be so precise about overload as to justify our THE DANGER OF OVERLOAD crying "halt" absolutely. Growth will and must continue, because it is not desirable or possible to halt it altogether. But it must be planned To fulfill its mandate, the Commission had to find a key which growth. We must, for example, plan for a healthy economy with a will lead to a balance between man and nature and resolve conflicts variety of employment opportunities which do not desecrate our between the man-made and natural environments. These conflicts environment. place society in the role of aggressor against nature as we seek to Critical Areas fulfill human desires. Moderation of population overload and the measurement of en- )nmental carrying capacity must quickly be directed toward certain still protecting the natural environment. Any growth in population as. These are the areas of critical concern. These are the places must be matched by growth of this new technology. are current trends toward overload are most severe. Specific Environmental Ethic cesses directed to those areas must be enacted. Among these criti- The status of overload is also a function of our collective igno- areas are: Coastal Zone rance. No intelligent society would deliberately set out to destroy its All of Oahu life-support. Yet, because we do not know all that we should, society Agricultural lands is doing that very thing. Hawaii must learn what is needed so that Tourist facilities there evolves in all our people a new ethic by which to live. This ethic is fundamental to our goal of balance with nature. It will be achieved Energy consumption Unique natural and historic sites by the conscious and unconscious recognition of the results of our consumption of natural resources and modifying the natural environ- Social welfare costs ment, and learning the actions which we must take to achieve, har chnollogy mony. I The carrying capacity of our enviro nment is not only a function of Moving forward from the basic assumptions and recognizing that N many people we accommodate, but it is also directly related to the key to our environmental dilemma is "overload," the Commission 'isumption practices. Our consumption practices can be changed. recommends that the State adopt a series of goals, the achievement e technology we use to gratify human desires and meet basic human of which will prevent new overload conditions and correct existing eds can be improved. Some people claim that technology has ones. To reach these goals, the State should adopt and implement )ught about the imbalance between man and nature. The Commis- certain policies which govern societal actions. in believes that our engineers and scientists can develop and apply The Commission recommends that these goals and policies be wer technology which can meet society's needs and desires, while adopted through legislation at the earliest possible date. 9 MOTOR VEHICLE REGISTRATION 400,000 STATE OF HAWAII. 300,000- 200,000- 100,000 Li 1930 '35 '40 '45 150 '55 '60 '65 970 9 Ul CD 0 0 m Z-- C-- F@ 0 > z 10 00 r, > Z >z Z Z Q c cn -0 CIO cn mz-m 0- r 0 .0 0 MM (n z < --.Q M-M M M MZ >0- @ @z 1 7 Ln CD Ln co cn co :) co 2 Ln W cn 0 CD co 00 LL. x C.) z w 0 CD 0 0 Lf) 0 Lf) 0 LO 0 Lf) CD Lf) m CV) C%l CM ou C%lw 0 LU 0 0 0 cm 0 ZVVLC CL C@ It = r%. 0, LOWSE w 0 L66'0 a) To > m 0 ZOL'Z 0 Mimi 0 SNOIIVD :10 SNOI-1-11W CA) Ln -4 co to (D 0 0 0 0 0 0-0 r U) > 0 0 _mz Ln Ul 0 Ul -n -n x > > M * m 0 0 Cl) 0 -9N Ul m -4 cc CD 0 K) 0 0 0 0 0 CD 0 0 CD 0 0 > > m m M o 0 (n -n mn C,n cn ==tjm :-NVIRONMENTAL GOALS AND ethic into our total living, people can achieve a balance with, nature that will optimize both the quality of life and the quality of the environ- 30LICIES FOR HAWAII ment. To restore this ethic of Malama requires: The Temporary Commission believes legislative establishment of GOAL A: Conservation of Our Natural Resources @tatewide environmental goals and policies can bring greater coher- Land, water, visual, and air resources restored and @nce to decision-making without stifling understandable desires for protected by controlling -pollution, by preserving or idividuality within various political units. augmenting natural resources, and by safeguarding A clear set of goals and policies also will provide a strong foun- the State's unique natural environmental characteris- lation for rational choices among competing policy and development tics. )roposals. Because there is wide public agreement in the .area of goals and GOAL B: Enhancement of Our Quality of Life @olicies, a logical progression would be to enact these first, then move Population limits in Hawaii so that the interaction be- c) the consideration of strategies. tween the natural and man-made environments and Minitions the population is mutually beneficial. Opportunities for the residents of Hawaii to improve To help the reader understand certain important words used in their quality of life through diverse economic activi- his section, the Commission uses the following definitions: ties which are stable and in balance with the physical Goals-indicate the desired long-range destination or aim. and social environments. Policies-state the methods or paths to attain the goals. Communities which provide a sense of identity, wise Strategies-are the specific measures to implement the policies. use of land, efficient transportation, aesthetic and Conservation-is planned management of a natural resource to social satisfaction in harmony with the natural en- 13 prevent exploitation, destruction or neglect; . it does allow vironment which is uniquely Hawaii. limited use under regulation. A commitment on the part of each person to protect Preservation-is the reservation of animals, trees, or other natural and enhance Hawaii's environment and reduce the resources; it does not allow use of such resources except for drain on non-renewable resources. scientific study. It also includes protection of man-made struc- tures of special archaeological, historical, or architectural POLICIES significance. Regenerate-is to restore or to recreate a productive condition. The following policies are recommended for adoption to help Renewable resource-is one which can be replaced, regrown or achieve the above goals: reestablished. Population' Non-renewable resource is one which cannot be replaced or reestablished. 1. Recognize population impact - as a major factor in environ- mental degradation, and adopt strategies to alleviate this im- Malama-is to take care of, care for, preserve; to keep as a taboo; pact and prevent future degradation. to serve, honor, as a god-, noun form is care, preservation, cus- 2. Develop criteria to determine optimum population levels for todian, caretaker. counties and districts within the State, recognizing these will change with technology and circumstance and adopt strategies .30ALS to limit population to the levels determined. Conservation The goals which Hawaii must seek embody an environmental 3. Conserve, and require efficient management of, all natural ,thic, known by early Hawaiians as "Malama." By incorporating this resources. 4. Require efficient, balanced and economically feasible use of other industries as fishing, aquaculture, oceanography, recrea- energy resources especially fossil fuel, a non-renewable re- tion and forest industries. source. Develop physical resources such as solar, electrochemi- 20. Encourage research and development, both as an attractive cal, geothermal, and natural renewable energy resources avail- economic activity and a means of finding ways to improve Ha- able to Hawaii, waii's quality of life. 5. Preserve and restore Hawaii's natural beauty and open space not only as a natural resource but as an ennoblin g living en- Community Environment vironment for. its people. 21. Maintain an integrated system of state land use planning 6. Reserve scenic, historic, cultural, parks and recreation areas, which coordinates the State and county general plans and re- including the shorelines, for public recreational, educational flects their respective needs. and scientific uses. 22. Fosterr a variety of compatible lifestyles with, special care to 7. Protect the shorelines of the State from encroachment of man- preserve the variety of lifestyles traditional to Hawaii through made improvements, structures, and activities. the design and maintenance of neighborhoods which respect 8. Promote irrigation and waste water management practices the culture and mores of the community. which conserve and fully utilize vital water resources. 23. Develop communities which provide a sense of identity and 9. Promote recycling of waste water and solid wastes. social satisfaction in harmony with the environment, and pro- 10. Conserve, protect and manage watersheds and water sources; vide internal opportunities for shopping, employment, educa- scenic and historic areas; forest and open space areas; natural tion and recreation. and scientific reserves, 24. Assure a safe, sanitary and decent home in an attractive and 11. E,stablish and maintain natural area preserves, wild life pre- sound neighborhood to every family in Hawaii. 14 serves, forest reserves, protected watersheds, marine preserves 25. Treat community appearances as major economic and aesthe- and unique ecological preserves. tic assets of the counties and State. Emphasize green belts and 12. Protect rare and-endangered species of indigenous plants and planting in urban areas. Respect the integrity of the landscape animals. Require assurance of negligible ecological hazard be- in urban design. Preserve mountain-to-ocean vistas. fore introducing new plants or animals. 26. Plant and maintain trees, shrubs and flowers at such loca- tions as government and private buildings, exposed parking- Economic Activities areas, parks, and along highways and streets. Use native trees, 13. Encourage industries in Hawaii which do not contribute to flowers and shrubs for such landscaping. degradation of the environment. 27. Foster culture and the arts for they are linked to the enhance- 14. Prohibit new industries which require a variance from the ment of the environment and the Aloha Spirit. State's environmental standards. 28. Stop noise pollution and land pollution, such as littering, 15. Maintain and improve the competitive position of the agri- because they rank with air and water pollution as environ- cultural industry of the State. Protect productive and poten- mental concerns. tially productive agricultural lands from urbanization. 29. Provide transportation systems in harmony with these goals 16. Restrict hotel-resort development to designated areas in each and policies because they provide a vital role in the lifestyle county. Control the maximum number of units in each area in and environment of the State. accord with environmental standards. 30. Develop balanced multi-modal transportation systems for 17. Maintain design controls over visitor destination areas. people and goods to serve the diff erent requirements of each 18. Encourage continuation of environmentally-compatible Fed- community. eral activities in Hawaii as a major component of the economic 31. Establish mass transit systems in and between all counties base of the State. which require it. 19. Encourage, so they are environmentally compatible, such 32. Prevent environmental degradation caused by the rapidly ris- ing number of motor vehicles and develop strategies to allevi- to respect the natural environment and to. reduce waste and ex- ate this impact. cessive consumption. 33. Set standards f6'r the design and performance of public and 35. Encourage both formal and informal environmental education private vehicles and transportation systems to (a) conserve of all age groups. ener .gy, (b) reduce pollution emissions, including noise, (c) 36. Provide education in the schools which encourages careers in provide safe and sympathetic accommodations for their users, environmentally compatible fields, including agriculture. and (d) be consistent with these goals and policies. 37. Provide for expanding citizen participation in the decision- The Individual making process so it continually embraces more citizens and 34. Encourage all individuals in the State to adopt a moral ethic more issues. 15 @ @ " I", " " "-@-1",-"@,'@,:."@@,',,@@-;@,,@,,@,-,-":@@@,,@ -"""@@ '-- @_" ", - -, I 11 I -i@".@ A-p.`lV;_'., " - -'@ .' @"@ i t , i - -, w @, @ -'@@' ,,,,, ':@ - "o '@' "'@' :' @ @ , I , , '-'- -_@",' -", @ , , ,, , '@@' - : ,,, , @,@,@I ,- @' @ @ , ,@"", 3 , @, Ie I .-,-II'@_ 11 @,,, -, --., _', @-", -1, e - ", , II I@ ,,I I@@ , --''' - _"'@ - '@.-M`--.' -, _;' ' @"@@i_ 5; @Y" , , , @ @ _-" " I-1I,@ ,-II I-- @--II1@1'-";@" , 11 @ -,, - ,-@, " i, @, ,,, @ I,-"- ", - ,@' -_', @ @" - '- :pj,i-_, @",I ",I@ @: __@@: , , ,@ ,@@@ - - -; -,, , @ ." @ @I, ,A'd ;l :'-', ."@ @@' @i@ @@,@ '_@_.-'- @@110"-- '@'i I @@' ." @@. @@ ;"@ _"@"'@'@"""@@z @, @." @ , 11@,,- ,,11 -I"'' "---1 Z_-@@A@Z_- I'@@',,@@,,--2,@@,@,,-@,,@:@,6-@@., .'O-@'@@4'-:"'@ @@' - @- @ , ,, @ll-, - I ,11 - @,-@ ,_-PPI "@- @"',, @-@- ", "@,, ,@" , 1'A "@@;'t@@"@@-LW 1, 1@11'1_'_ ",,L_' _ -- :- @'-@2 " 4@ "'@""'--"' ;-1 _'t"' @'""' @@ @@ @", i, g@@i@ ""',e '@-'!'T' @'-@@ -- - -I@_ I,'- 11 -. @,@ -1111-11 - ft" 11-I-"g4_ @, "`ffl" ,&11 '@P@,1@1z'@ W ""4@'."4@ -, -@ @ ",,". - @- @ @@ I ,' -, ," ";@i";'@"'n, ;III I,, @'.' 14'_ , _'.,, , "A' ".@@ ","ll", ," - -,-lx ,@ @, _0, @_'_4 @, @ ")@@.' -r@'@_@'14,.' " ,,@,-@ ", !@ e-, I1,',I 1@ @ 1. I @@ @@_"'_"@--@r @.@@v'.'-'f"""""' _"', I- @, " '@ @@""' ,_-us '@@_w"J"d @" @- ,11 - - I'-I@, -11 _'l,I@"_ --@---'@-",... ... ,- - @@ - - @@I II1@ I@- @ ,-I-I'@_ _,_' _-_ "@ .' ", x'" --4':'@ , -@I- @,',"' ,@ @- -',"-"' , @' @@"@'' @4@,'_-'-"'-@-- @"'."''@, -W@, '_@ 1- A ", @ -@ 17-@ @-I'.-@'1941@11@'_' -J@I@ g "'.' '@@' @ @':' " A- @'' "@ '@""@" '' ---, -' _@_ - @ ,-"'!V7@'S@'@@-1-4, -- "V, W f-,I,'@"@ , _'- .1 @'@'@ , ,-,; 7"@,I-'@' @@"" @f'@ ,,-'@,, _'_"' ", , , , , -- - I @" -, A,@ " @;"_@' ,,, -@ @" - @ , , , @" ,;!',, @, " I " , - -@, - @' ul I - .'. @-'r.'J@@"'-' -'i@'q@'-@"4."@I,,,, @1.- - _@ - "- @@@ , , @'. @4'1 F@ @"" -'@ , j ,_'-@ ,I I - ."ti,@@4'@@,,@,",@-,@,-@4-,'@,,@,"!.,'@,,@,-i,,,,@"-,a"""@,@@@*,@-@,,@',",@,',,-@,@P@,@@'@4@@,K, I" @@--' --@'4@.@f4"' x @.@.'p %@' - 9 --@'o @ @'_' _@@'.T!"@c 10.1'@p_e'W@I'it'@. @"" " &,@' - -@ ,,,I @_@,"@; -? @ @_ ' - -@ @.'.'P'@ , 9 ,"-@. ,-' I, @@ I@@ , , ,11-a "- , ",, ",-"-,'@@, I@- , @4@,@ .@'@ " @"", '_ _' @ - @ ,,, lll@-',-"--!@" _,I,11 I11I@," ;', -, -.:", -, -, - " ,"- "@ I @" I@ I@ @@I" -,,--' -'"@@, X_ ,:il "_" -! @@ ,---.',@' , @- - " 'x' : , -:, @' - ,@'I_@_ I --@ """,--y"-- ,@ @'-, "@'@ ... @ _! @ - i",I--' 'i@@' f- "@."' ,,- @"@ .-;- @ @@ @'_' @' , @' @' - - - ""_I- _ ", @' ---lk @'_ -1 _- - ' I I II41_ @'- _. I " `- t" - @" - .- - ,Ii" ,@ i@ @ @.' @@ @' @@'@ - ,@" @' - ;@"@, -"@, @, @"- II,"@,,,,,,," '.t" @@'@@i:@."@.@v , ,, _--., , @ @--"3 @ "'' @'-!@@'@'4_-@@ , 9@r @, z'@ ,,, 4"" -1 _@_ , "'__',,-"' :-"@ ! @lz - @ , "'@@i'@. @ t' Z.; -@' ' - 1, -.-@" @-'4@ ,I 1-1 @',-@' -' "@'' @ f @ , @' ,@" , 1, , @ 1@ 11, A" ','- "', -"--,I @ j, --_`@ , ' @'@' n ' -@-' _ "@@ ,II--@'p-' @--' , ", " "-A' -, ,,@-, ,I@' ;'@ -, @' "'@ @ 4_" '-@@@. -, , ,.'-"@-i'@@ "'.' - @' I I @-.111,T' _",@ ", 1-I&@@ ,@ t , @"' @ ,,, -,',:""Q"'s .L i , , " @x ", @- "'F -"-"",' --111I."I-- ----@", ''! " '@ -' Z, @@@,@-' @@- -, ` @ - >, ,i i"@ @@-' -@ a --:@ I- '@lll ,,, -, @"--,"f __-- -1I-.'@x-I"'@' I1, ,-,-,-,I @ I"@ , '." - - , " ,"-- 1,", , @'-- , , , @,@", -A "I '_,- I,,, @, - " -, @, ,@'@ " " " , , , @@' j 7 @',-"" @ " I --"'A@f7'7'9 "@@'@ @: ,, @x" @!' llel@' 'N ", @"'-@@""i, ", V", . '_l ,,- - @, , fl,,',@'@,",@ @, ""@-,- - -,""t-,',, , @@ i-1 - II-- I I _,l@ @" ; ,@@@3, @" @@ @' @i@ %, -" " @,, , .'@ "@ I" @ -, , @.--- I@,- I@: ' v'''- .'. jf , @" " ,@ @ I@,,, -@4@ "@ .". f", @' @" @@ "j @3' j -@@ @'@' ,@@ " @'@ ;@ f @ "! ",". ,', @ _@ @ '-@", :', @ -,,'':' : , '@@.' ' " '-_"@"- ' @@ "'@' @ ,II @' , W :@'6@-@"@ -_il- ,@- @';' I',,-I ""I1, e. - "'. '4' @%" k@r;'% 4. @! '@-' @! "@ @' @ @-f'w"@ I ,. @ @"' _" ,_ II-@ @@11, ":I:-@";-, @'@ 7 I@, , '_'ll? '-,,@@-' 't-'' il 'I@ I "I - ,II @ ':@ -,@ _"""I@@ '@ I - -,@,@@ ,-'@ @:T @ -'@ _@. _ @' , -_,, --, ,- I--I--I,,, -I-,-I@- @@, @' "@ ",I@ 1:@ll`,@, " - @-@'4" -,----" @" @"@'@@4 @ @'A'@ 1 4 @,-?- @ @- , ,@@,11I@ --- -- --""@'@'@@""I,@ "I, "--"-@' _""'@4'Aij .@ V. @'@@ ,"I t@ @@ " , e -." @@-'@"ij_g" _"."""._@j'@ O't'@"-J'i@@ - ""n, ,3: , , "!, @ @ ",' @ @" .' @. a". -" @'. - 1@ I I- I I 11 -1 , "'W' '-,"I '' __""@_,@ @4 ,,,"'-__ -I- -I@',,@ _, 1@ . @@ I,I ll""','.@----''"@@@_' @@I-I-1@111 "'@'T'@ -I'"'@-@"'-@..@"x"_ '@ " " @' ", "- ,@"""' -'@ @ - ""' - @ "- '.@'@ , --, .@---'@'-@"-'@@ I'll 11'- '@'_--'-@-'@' @@_ I-","@ " ,@@ @"'@@?' @-"@ , -, @ , ; ,,-,"@:"'."'@@ @.9'w'@"z."'-j@ ir I112"1-!, , @@@',---- II,-,,@@"I, '@,-'@@'IOX'6@... a@,i,@@@,,'@',-@14,@3,,,'@-@@,.@xo4l@,@@'@,@.,@,q "@' @ @,' 0 ,i -- .' _.III,, -" I @' vo6_ @ , @ ,x'@" , -"' @ "-:' "I', , V'4&@@" 1 , "'@ @ @@' -_ - _ Ix'- -II,@, c',-,'- -- ,," ,A @' ' '@, _@ A'@ , @ I-@II@-I II@-I-I@,,@' 11 @ - , " I,"@,-- . 11, @'ll I I"'-"- @''- ."@ @"- ,,,-- @" @ , I -@"-'; c I II@''"@'@--IA-j, @__ @ "@ '' "' @'I@ @: - ""I- ," ,,@' .' '@'---,-, ,,, "@-'' @"-'f@_?11'11'jl;@_@_" 11-'@-"_'."-@@ @ , - i - :' @'-"' @--@ _-', , , , ; ; @ @@' , , " - .@"- "IZ_-,@,, -,,', -@--""@ . ,q,@ ,@, I."" x- '' 1, , @ @'. " "@,@ @% i __ "" ,@ @," , I" @" :@' @ , "',@@, 1@ , --, ,,, @',I --,,@ '" -,--@@, :", ,--s' --@' _- @2"' @e@6'A@J'l @_' 4'@"' uC".' A_@3-, ,'@-@c@'c ,,, .i'@ "'@"'! ': -,_ "@' '@[email protected]'@ -@''@,II z."C _-, '; @' @ @'_- - @ " @ , , , " , , ,,,, @'S "@ @ , " , z @"x - - -. , , -@ @ I@ "'@' @"' , @' ",, @" - I , ,, _" I- "III; @ @' @", I 11 I .@ "' "-, ,:1- , ," -@ @" @' -'@@"--@"-"@"' -11,@" -@_ @"'.- , !'@ @'@'."l .-'@"@.. 4-"' @ . "@'.'@Wv_ @ ",-"@ 4'@ - @' c " Z , @I@- ,---II,,_ , - , @I _1@1, '@-;-- i", _"'--@,"@ I" ,,.@,,,@@@i,@,i@@;,@4,@@f.,-A,;'.,,,@,-, " @: ..... .@@ j"' " - - ,-- @ @' @ , '@-.@@ @" --; II -I; - ", P@ 5 " "@ , @ , ", @ @@ - ' ", - i -'_l. 1; -1 "I'll" @"' ,, I - @, , ",I, ""- @,1- I I, I @@':' -"@' @ "-",, @" " , @ j "5 @ ; e@' i @ " - , '@ . , ,,, -," @-_" -, @ @@') ;'R -@ i "@f" - @'Jl ii "I'ki, J""--".;1@4i '4 i"da-ull'a ��",;"" ,',,I; sAi i @ @'-' - 4, -- - -, @@ ,,-" :@"-" "' , - @' , _:@'f"' eF " , ." @e @ .' - j ,'@' "@""' -'@,-.;"@ : o@'i' , ;@" @@ -- "s, T-@@ -, @` @ ", D;"! - @ @@' - i, -,@ ,, , - , "@ ,@"'-@@ "@@"'@'- @';@!@"'@'@""' ;l;",j-' ,... ... .' , '---"Q'@'@. @ z"- @x',",'@'@ . " -"v @4 ,'@' -" "! , I @ ' -11 , @"'; ,i@-' ' I o ' ' f"' I @' " @" " , II "-- ,' ,, @ @' , " @j'74 V-MM"O@ ff,U@,glp"@1--'jl;@",@"r,@,@,,@@-,@,@,-,,V-- -'@-'- u'A@ I' -<,- -. -' ,-@ , , ",, I,, -,-, .,I II,, "I-"' f@' -_ @,,I- Ix@@,I, '@ _" I I-- _@@ I' ' , @@" II1, ", .:"---, @'@,",,-,@ @ , ", ,, "", @' @ , " @ , , , @ , -- @@'- -, @ -) . - @@ , 1, Ig @ , @ I -.@&@ @ ,@. @'@ "-@ ,' "-_ 1, -," -,'@ @-'@ '. -, .1 - "'@ @" @@-.- @", -- - , -I ,--,i@---- c@ I 11 @'@',', @@@ -, -, , @ , " @_ '-, "" , _-'- - @ @'N'@"-'@.-@- @.@' '-'-1,11-1@ ",'', II_:I"@---@', "' ,- .:'a@W@ @:" @-@"' -1@ @`@,, " @--2"", @@-"'@@x@,,I @ ,: @ -, : ,"! ',I, ',@" .-'N ?. e, @ , -'- @ -, le @' _P "'@-@'@ " " , '@' .' 4 "'@I1,- -,,-, , @ -" o@;"7,"'A ii".":P-@ "-";;! - , N.@ @'. - -"' @" -f @" F, '@@' "',, j-@" n _'?@@ '; , 1, 1, '@@,- "@ , @@ '-@ @ ,-@' , @ @ -' - - @11 , @,-V @@ '@ @- .1, @ , ", @@ ,, @ -',' @ @"f", t'!'@@, @,'k,-, "@ "-'j@ -,@'@-"i- ,@' @'- , , "@ -, .,, ,@ @ 1_1 "I , @'_ @@z - '@ - ", -" @'@ @ ,I,,@4t,@j,?4L'@@,,@@@,,@l,,e,@@4@@-'41@,@&-""i,j@,@,,@I -@"'-9-3' -11 -x- I - ", -"'.' "',@_--,"', -@-."@--@'_@K @--..117'wp'@'@"T 'j"'_'@-V-"'l-'.@"-'l.' @ "I @-"'@ @@' ,,,,,I,'L,,@' @,,, , , . @@ ,, I'. @ ,@ .@' '-",.11`I-,I-,- -."-, - --- , -@':,, - ,-@-_ ,,-, I-A,-, ,-1- ,"@'-@f@tO#-k@@ --@-'_'j'i, .C"'A,&"-@@ L@ I -1- @@I I-1 _',@@'@ , I, -. @"' 1, I' , .""I,@,,",, - -,, I@,-11,. ,---, @ @, @' ,", @@' @ @'@ @"` 'o @'_- @@ -1,IIi 1@,`0, @" @J'@-, , -, @ '--, .' .@ ,,,, 'y' I I , -",, ,- - ,"@ ,I,,-11 <1 ,- I F.l_ -1 - - @- " @'_ @tf -@ @@'@' @., k ..p ,,, '@@ "@ @'@'A' @@ 'f , "'j'-_"X-@" - f" " @ ,--4 '@, ,@I-II " - " @ @,f, @"' @@' "@- l.w - ",, @ @@' - I--- @ ', -@,-, " , '@@."k_,-"@-. '-, @ @'@ - -@ @'j@ "t @": @ _` '2 -' @' - -, @@ , ,,@@ I'@@ @-@'@ " e@' -, - @; ---@ 1. @@ I --4-, ,.I -_ _ : , ,-4@' &@_;@@-_"kg @,@ i , j @@-- @I-,I , @ '@, ',l '@-@ '@ , @' @@@ - -'@ @'@ `@ @ - . i i ', " ,, -a' , @'@ @"@q "',", @ " "' .@, -,, L@@.@-,"@'I,, @I@f @ki 1@1'. ,4 @ @,'- _'.?@."@' .@P'g @"F @ .' p, " '[email protected]' 4@`@U'@4-@ @"'g -, ,@*-Is -- @ ,'@I,I Al ', l--.,,t ,- - ,'' -, 0".'-@@'P' @@-' ," '@d4-px;@"'.-z ,,,, @"-._!' @@, -,,I1, -"" -,-'--II"-, ,,, , @- I @' I @ @ @-' @ -@ ""@ - L@ ; @ @ , -_ , '% _ @@,-@ , , -1, " -1 -_I- - I'@- ,,, @,@-":'@,,'', ,@@I@11 11;1@lr' '@@P?'@@_',;@@ -'@ __'_j -@. @ "@ p - 'f"'@ .111,x@ q , .I @@_ I" @ II'I, , x'K. ,-II,@,@ ,@ , I,11 "' , "-:@' ,,, ,- @ "ll"-@,@-%-' @ , - -@ @'-'@'&@ -@ -U@-"@A'W", @"'c" ". ""j'@'@@ " " II-@@ '. @ "" , '.@'IIII I@@III, t ,, I1@ @',@,@': @ "I,I. 'x',@@ ,,,,, @'. , " @ @; @.'- , @ " @ , , ,x'@" _` '' , I,Z' 11 @' -, '@'_@,--@"'"'@, II'[email protected],I-_ -11@--@-" '@@q-'_,'q.@ , " " @ @' @ 7 i '1@ @7' ..','@'@-'@ @' :1 ," , @@- " I,I@ ,,II I,.I I@," @_ , @ "@@ - , @ @@ , @- - , : , ,,,, "@,@ @ - I II I: '"@,",_11 ;1,1 - "@ '@@ "-""x' -@@j @4'@ .'P'%@' 'k,@"""@' " , ";"@ @."; "' '_-@ '! @"%,@ @r -1, .I,__ ,@, , ,-I - @@-"I """, '&. ,,-t " @' .@ "l."' I@' @@@,, ,'I "i - , '@@ @'@'C, - '-, i .' ."" - @, ", :' - @ I--,-I-I.@"-,- @-@@ ',, -" I@I ,, :1 , , @ ' @- ',--;" - 4"' K f'@ , ,,, --, '_".@' ,,, @'@@:"@'@I'l @V- "'@';@@' ,'A @- @, ---I @- , @'@ - , @ @, @ "-", - I,,@- , ,, 'li--' "- --@ - ", i-'@@--'g'-'@@v@@"@ @ @'I @.'. ..' - @11-@ -z@ ."L'@'!A""m'et-4@, -,'!'@'..W@ ... '@'-'vf wwg @-F@ @5' p-@@"'Y'lej.'ff-l "I "z__'. 11 @'@@'--'- @@ ,'r @ -@"v, -,,_ ,- " ,-@ III -@, -4@'@4'@'@' pl"44'_ - vA @'..pm@glp e'@@4@-rp'@@4"" "' II@- @@ I I--11-I -, -'- @"' Ixl "I" I@ " @e @,- I,I,@@" , -, @ "" @@%@' 1, -11 @@' @!' ---lt-"@"'@'@@;'- '-'@:'@ ',' ` , "@'@ @ @- '@' ',@ @' ,J -"' @ @7 @ @ @ - "T% @` @ - @' ., @' - j 1 -@ @'.@'I xr,ll A", 4@1 t@ @' - @'. X'@ ` ` n' "" O 4 1,i""@ - nr-11"III I IIII @,,, , .@_k 4f' @ " @, _' , " _'.@ @'@@II , --II,f"@ @ .1Ill@ @ @ P. , _'@' I -'@ 11'-I -1I--,-'r r ,,,, @I 1'r @'- '. Ill"l- -, " "@@ @'@@ .@ ", , "I , @ @ ,,"@' , "@ e:"" @ @ " @' ;_- @' '- o, '-'@ '@ , @ @,, ,,, 1@ �'@ @ "-, ' " -@- " 'xI -I-I I, I--- ,-,''- _.-,II ,@ I-I-@@-x7 ' --,f @'@ @@ ,- --@p " ? "p'u @@,-@,'@i,,@,:,-@-@@,71--,@@i.@, -' ,@ @4 .'4@ @"' @ t@ @ -, ,,.' .- @ ,,:' @ ,. " 'i @' ,@r , . ". ""k 1, " @` '@@ @ @,@ @:@ J"'. -" , @- 4 ,; , ,,,,, -, @ II-IIi @ @ @p ,'__'@ @ Ij@@p' '@ f- III@@, @I@ @@" , - .' .' - "'. '@ , , I' ,, , @'-' "$ @ '@' -' @ 1, @ @ I,1,II,1, -@ , , -@,..I"@I@-_@- 11 I11 -, @' , ,,, -,,,, -I,-, 14, - r- ,I @I < ? , "-I' -@ ,- -1 @ , -,_-9 "@,,,,"III,@11 I -.1%I- -, x @ I@'I@ @' I-I @@"@ -I"- -_11 @ -_ 11 11--l" I "I,@@-,-,---, ", "'@ @' @' , - "@ " '-Ix I ,v, @ " @ @; -@'@- "' ,@_ "'@ _- -',.- , @_ @@ I,-,I''- @' ",", *"i "j'"','@@;@ -@ -1 I-'-._-.' ,,c ,@!@II @ , , .@'_" - , R "@ T, 'M-, - f"" , - _'@' 1,,I - " @ @',_. ." @" ,-,,- -@@- , .': -@ @ '@ @@ -" -@ " , .'o , '@"'"@'@ ,@@@-'@ @'--@ I ,, , _`@ , @@ o @' , - -@" , "II- @@@' '.1,,-, ,,, ,, ", -" '-i ,, "", - ," , @ @ @" @' " ; '@'.'@@" '",@ ,"@ - ` " ""II-&`- @- Z-[', @ @- '4 ,@ @L - @", @' , I, ,@ @ I @ , .' "" -I@,,@',i;'@ ,47--n;'?.2,AH-aj- '.@@'@'@@-%-- .- ._." @@"' p q UX@vt_",!"@! @@"S'-@ @i@ ,@@,'%"@@",@ "q@k'c " Ir'@@ @'@O @'N @ @@ 'II_-.- ,_' @ @@' @ @ , ", , - " 'z- i , ",. , ,"'-"@- II ,-II,M". - @;6" ","o . 1@ @'@, , " 4 , -- I,i11 ,VI,,1, I, I- ,I",I. ,'w ,- @@ @ @ @' IN x'@@'OI",'@"'@ -- @: -'@ "@'-" i" "@,- -:-I-'@11.@!' -' 11 "I --@ @ '@ A, " , @@f 1, - I 1@ 911- " w - I @1@ "w, ,,, . @' '@ ,,, ',@ @ @ I- -I, @._ "@' 1, , '.11@_'-Li- @ @ , @ @11@ I I" " @ '; "@ @, ,,-, @;I- I@ 1, -, : ,", , @ @ , '! :@'"; @' , @-@ " @'z @' , @ @ I ' ' ,,,, ; -, ,I"I;' -- t _';_@' '_'s@" I", "'!, ,@@ @f.@ @ A @ @ .' @ @ ,,@-I-@- -,,@@@,-' -, 'I''I, @ @' '. '@-@ @@'9@1, ,@' '@ ", --N @'," ' '''." _1 @. @ ,@@,- 4 "@'@'@w." :'. ,' I " , " @ -_ "' @ - iN @111 '- I '@ _", I I @,-",,-,@@ @' @'I,-,,, @@ " "t @@ I @_@ , 1, @ I I @@- I ;f - 'I - "' , , @- " i 4" @@@' : "., @ ,,,, 1. ,-" @ i- @ , " @ i -@' @ 4, @-@ -, "@.1, , -,- @ - @' " .,,& -' '@"@ @'@ _' 9 _".@@ -- @'@ , @"';@@ c Ic , .11 @ec--.-'_,@ '_ ,,-1 --- ',I-II@I II@II11 - M_,@;@:;9-@-11I-,,-"; 1, @ 11 @' @@11 1@ I @@ f, @.. - I I,i I ' I ' " @' 'M "I -1@ k'@ '@,--@ @ - " @ 4"_ , II11 I I:"@ "@' ,@ @'@@, ,''@ @ " " ."@ !, lll@ i -- - @@tD , @ " .@ _" @... , -i , ..'@- _@y '- @' 3, i -, @ """ @@ - "'@ --. ' 'e, @ ''-1 @ -, @' @'@'@ @'-_ " @ @ , , , , ,- @' @ ' i @" -" - '@@ - t. @-@ g@= @ @,@ ,'- 1@I-@' z , @- @ '--..@-'--Ij-' ,k-A --:@,@ "-.',"@@,@ 4 @ !@ "4 J " ", I,--- ", @@ I, '" 7"- ,,- , ,,@I@@-,"-,I-M," , @ , , - @ '@- ': @' , @' 11 _,lel , , @ " , @ , , " ; ," , ," li I @. , 5'. , @th, @'@ @I @,@ @,,'@ I -@I-,-, I N"W.-"'i'-U' ,x I -u1,-,@,-,",---@,- -- --@." Nx a" If !"',@"'- 4@- 7 @ @F@' @ @"@@' '-'. @'L@"' @ '.@ , --, @@,@, ,,-'A* PH'@"- A ,, , @@ " , , 11--,; Az"'@.@;@'-@'@'@@ "@"@ !@ "f I @'@ 4 -, @. - " @ j , @: 1@i "' @4' @'a p @ @ @ @ 1, @' @-@ @'i 4@@ A"'Y'. , @ S@ , .@' @' ; @@'I.11, L'14@'@ I-@e " ""' @ -, ",,-1 ' At I I I I-Wyl--A, --' __ , '@ i'4@ 4nq 0'@,6 @- - I I11 V .! vt@'@.@,ll-@ -Z@!'r -,IG@HI-11 @I''I'_-@,,- @' @"'_" ,1, -,@' , f@s,,-, -PAO - ,g0f " @'@,@"I , @- M Mi",@@- -I ''I-@---,,@:;'i._ -1. _1_11-'-" @'!@@Z'@@'@;'-'-'@-4 @-", -'-'I,,I-1@ l- ,-,11 -I-,'",' '- :'"'x''@"_@@-' '_@'". I I" '@ 1 @", @@J@"' @'@ I -", _,""ll, _"_' @ @ , @ '_@"' u@@tl - " x " @-'@ - ,-rx @ @j I - @ @ I % @ " @. @ , , , % - k @' @'@,@ 0, F-"7 -;@"'. I,_@@ ,- 1@,, , ,-'@ F@@-.@ ,.I-I.I IIII I,, - -@'*@; , ,;":'@' o_ , ,,, @@ k.'_'-'@ x@ .."'-R@j'@ -'@j 'I,@''- ," " , .---:@,. @ qf ,,,, -.'.@ @"@ @'.''. II- 11 - ,.I,,- " V'; [email protected] , '; @` I44 -' h ty?@x fnit-' @ @@ -'@ "'s, @' - ,,I'- @ z'@ i @ @ A @ 5""- ""i,.",@""@F@@-,,@,@-""-,,-"@,,@l,,,--@`"-OV'@@*."'.- ",j@ @ ,,,, 7, , 17@ @ @ @ @ .' @' @ ,@, @ @ , "I , ,_, - , , @ @ , , ,@" -I I - , '@@ ,. @'@'@@ ,',t@@ - -.- @ I., @', IA'. , II ,,@,- -@ 1. @-.1i"I, , I ,I"I "-ii, .'@1;,, @" I @' r ,,,I-I- -'! ,11I,@ - .'.' P"@ -, ",F-"_ I "A@"@ @',@'@ @ @ , ,,,,, 4@ _' @ "' " "'r@ "'t-Z'77, "',Ill@%,_@ "', I - -_", ;'@: 5-. @ , p- U)" .@ @ @' -a - "' @ @" @ @ @' @ .' @ - -"I 4 K @,@@ @ Q@ . .' , , J,_ @ @@ ';@4 -' !-"4@'.",'.", , @kW@"@'@ -, @ @'-- @@I'-,@ I -I-I,; "@" I@, @ @-11 ,@ I I -@ ," @" ,,, II-_ I @@@i@,, @, " r@" -@', -- ;""-. -- @ ,-@ @ -, , ,-, I@'@ @xoll @1111' -'@@ @@-' " ,r '@- 2. -, "@' @' - I-."-@ ",.,@@I, "- - I e, , -:F,I11 , - @@- ,, , - __'@ . -" "@ III-' -I.@ II-- @@ II'I " -, "- 0 ,@ , @," , ," @;'. ,@, I-1II ,', , @ @ I I @ I- 1@ _ _.@" I ; , I- - -` @ @@ , @ -@@. 1-1.1",-, 't.@ @@"A' "i @ 'i@"'e'@;' .'@"' - , , @ @ 0@ @ @'' - " , ,D "@ _- , , " , @' @;@ @"' -@ ,1, @-1 , '-@-1,"1@;@' @"-M"'. A, , @ ,, @ " -,@! '."@i""'@-. " ? @@_" _"'O'@,3, , -I'@ ' : " ' @' @' @ @@. ,, ,@-,"@,--'; -I,, "-, @ @,@-----"@ -, I@I .@11 @'.-@@@ " @"-@ @'@ @! , "@ , @.@@ @',-'-'@@ :1 @"'@_'@@_- ,.0":;-- @q' @', -z s'@@g@sg_ 5 II-IF, I"'P".-"'@'V' R,1"',- @'@@'@"'_M.'@".' ,I-,I,_-".@,---,, , @"@-"@'_@ @ "'A ---' qgj4@ @. - ,@ 11 1, g,@ ., - @ 'Vll'@@' ,@@'.'-_5'@' A th ;@ "4" i+,_@lll il '4 @-'I'f 44 I! i". q *k"'I' i"', :@ ,@- , @_ @ "@ . jj4_@' -@ @j. @-_ "", @ !' @ , -I,@j" @@_"',@, 1,- I@@' x 11, ll"@'@@--,-111_ ,,"-1"n @.-jl.?'f '@@.@ @1.1'-j .4'@.J'-' '.-@@',@@' @@,,o'15 , '@ @ 't M, @, -? , , ,I@, .'",_ ;__,,@ , 11 '-@I!-,I"I_'O 31,II-1,I "Y I " -, - w.".,- 1, , '@_'_. E, --' -., - @,,",@'@'I I' ',,-- "'-'@@"' @@"'@@ : .'i_-a""'@,@2 ,-, @-11 -"@,i@--@",@@@,@@-,@,@'i-@,",@@,,@-@ -4 -@@ ( '.ip@,@c:-",'_,-- @ .,l @' @' -- - @-, ,- .-.-"@ I., , 1@ "I'll "',- .-"@@'j'. 4 - @ - , @" ic -, - ,".- fl-, I I 0@ @- @'@ @I @" .@ @II@11 "". @@ '4-4 @' @@ @' @.:' @'@@'.A @,, 1. .,,-,I11 11I, ,-@' @,,,'W.@I,,@ '@ -, @7" '@!@ I'@-_"@ -,,-,,@' @-;1-I' '-@ -I@ I1.,@ @; -,,,@ ": @-C'@" Z:. , :i__'@"'! , _" , , @ " .'-" @ el: @ ", @., , @' @ '.' -, ,_D,.'.'_ , -,-4 -'@@"'@',@"@-4_-@'J-"' -, --' <' @ @'_ , @" "@,, "", , , ", ", - - , ", @" @ 1. -, ,,, @' j , " , -@, "" -'@ @ - tII -I,aI, "'.I*,@ .I @@,@"@'i@@T"- -v , -'@"@'_-':' : -,@--@I I @ @ "" , '_ I @11 @1-: , ", ",- " @ ", I..", @,, fn"%"'--"@_@'@'6 .tlWf--@'#-.-'-"'@"" -I, , -'@@- @' " ," - - -Tg ,@'_-"' @' -@'., -,-4@- " , . 1@ "- - ,,.'T @'&' -@"&'_ @@"' -", 3-'- @'@ _11f, ,"'l",-;_.' @"T"@. -@-", I-,,""i, :@-@3@@! @ i@. @'@I' -1 j @ - -, ,%, '@@ @ 'l ""@@ "" ,,, - -, '- "@: I", " @ _' @'!' @ ", -,,,, ""' "'@@*i":.:-F;"@ @',.' " @ t .,`_"@'_-;" " ,,-.,, "'@ -,,.: 11 z I, '-,@;@_ Z' @;'@4'@ _'@---@@O.'@J@- -VA , I ' " 4, @4" - -, @ @ . @j @ "@ , I fI " @ I @' 4, - - 11 @-,-- I- 4@F_@@ -" ,'',"-'@,-', @ - "- I-- ,,-- @ -'@"'-'@"'17'1-'@' ,@' ". ,1, @I@I"--@@' "@@_@;'@' ':" _'llcl @"'' I -@'_,- --- @'@, I I-1 - ,0_ i --@' '!@-@'_", I @@-@.:' --,: "@@ @".. _-, , .i"@-,.",,,,, @- 'z '@I- @: '@ @ @' @: P'@'= ' ' """' ""' 'I - - -- "@x- , -: ... I I- @.: __@ @ .@11@- - _-,'@ '@ @@I--@':@@ @ " -, @" , 1, i- I __l'l-"-._'@' ""'@ '-.@ "'@_@ @ f , ".- @.-'_' - "@ @ - - '-7,' " - @ , I -'@" ", k' -.1 4 - -- 3, " " k -I@ I@I'@ ff,_- '@' II lq@I-,WRWAI-@gy'j@ 7, .- I, ",? 'w-o@@ @r "6- EAYPA @ i 404 1 A 1@' '-'- 'i" _'A i@'gio @ "R,vq?@@ '@A'@ '@_@@'Vl."@'@"@i @'%Pn_'-;'@"@@n,p hm'' '@ "-,- @@;"'@Fi@@'@@"'@ i@2piplm M!, , "', r. 6 @ X @'ll,@@@ ,"'__'it#Ti@ p@o @-'I 11-," @ 'eff @AU* vy"--".'@ 'I-@_:l' ", I'll - 11 -- -_'I II-II -@.@ ", @'s I.@ ', '-'@ i " @"'@,1-j4'@ @" @"- @ ,'IT A, zlA r'I_;:"," @,_ @' @ i- ,-@I 1, @ - a @ ; -, @.* @ @ -@"@ s@ &"'@q� i, @r ii ." @ @ -I "RI, ,,Aw@@k"9i!@4F@:40,fl@@@w,,4,ii,- " -1 , -, $4- -'" ,@'@'lw@'i'-;iO5-"'i',., @ "I-4'1@'@'-" @@ , -, ;"' @@ , : -p@@N , @1'1@--- !@; , 'A .@I;_ II,, ,- - 'u;pp'@ @@'F @ , II1, il-@"@' I%--- II -I 1-111 i W@"'.""f @ @ -"W- i -i I- @ @"' .: "', , - " @I , , "I" I I-_ @@I'z II ,,, I - @'' -am-, @R' .' - _Z_ @4' " -, , , -, @' '_ ,@ -.,-- '. , ,7 '- 11-1 @ - -@- @@ ,, _' ,---_"@-@' R i@_ _"'@'@' @@_ i", @".:@_'.'; _"""'_':'_, !:'@4'.-'-@ 'I @@-"@'@,-"'-T@-': '--',i,@@"@ --,,@@@@'-;ti,@,@-!-.-@,,@.,-@x,@,@,, ,,, I-'_@ :"@"'_' ; ,__ ,rl"' : @@' "i @-@O@J- " -,"' , I @-Jjlpmw e-"'@'[email protected] -"""'_l_l , .@"'-vz_@" ."-- @@_ _@"_"_@!'@4"':""_ __ @' , -, ;:- _"':'W_"t'@--N` '@ '_ @@;4 -@@,' @ -, -''-4'@.',-"@"@ '-"''--'--@@._ @@'@@_I,@,-@-,@".@v@.@@,@-4i",@,@fA@@@',@-,,@@,,%,g"-I@`lli @ , I" @"" "t""@i.- ,:'@d'i@- -'_'-"'.j"w_-"''_11@ @Jm4;"'-p'iu-I, --, ',;.',d@,@-@-"""-"-"t,.@l@,i:@ I_@ -,@-, @@' -@ kI- I-, _-@:if@-"el-lo-F @ " 11Iw',ffi,'%"@!; _'@k@ - - - -- 1, -'-" I -1 -@'O"--@ .q@". .-""@ --p' "__ ,,,,,-:;, -,,t;- @- "'@-@-'@"_' "'w" -' @': ,'`@ @@ @ ".,'_@'II @@,@,.@@@@,,@f--,@@@0-*@@@,@,@,-=@@,@iii',,,-,,.-,@o;@@o@',@:"@, _@@'*:""7'j"""I,,-- __ y,:":@@'@" --1@ - " " @' @ ""@@@,--@- !@!-@ ,,,@@@@'@t@'i'@,",-,@@@@@,,!-,@,@,-@Ae,.,-@,,@,,,,@, @@ -_- .---'@@-"' ,@ @ ,-- 11 -_ I -_ - I@ 11"- ,"-@ -,L'-@" - -I ,@, 1.II@- @ `--'e, "":'-'.'@- ' @";'-' - @'t!'L'j ;"'5@"'k'@"@""' - " 1---' @?@' -@'@@ @, @ -"': @ @ I-@- @,--@@"@' , .11 @I @'. 1, @ ";".:: " "z @i ,,,,, @ , @'_ ''. ,9"@@"V'- ''" II "@ -_-ZI -, , ,"I "- -- _ -_"' -_- @ - " II ---I @ - '.--O'-@@,z'@'@@.@p@" '.' - . -.-"@-, @ @' "''.' " ,"-,II-_to'11 1111P, -, .11Z @"' ` ' " .-@@ @ " @@ - @@ ,,- , , " , ,,-"@--@@ -1 I I @ - @ '-@' 1, ,,,, @ '@' @' @; @' @' _ -.'- ;'@':@@ .-, @-@- -@ Il""i A--- "@p-'-'; 1-- @' '@@i_ @" @ - ' @ @._@A' ''_ ,@L""-.' _'. ':".'@,j.@""@%"@@' -- @@ c "', @' "@W_@q -0, " &@ "i , ,,, @ -@ I i "4 @ . -@ @. t @ @@ R, @:'_' I g 9 , , @' j_$ @, I, @ " "'. , k'g @ @ " @ @ - ;"'!".'-@-".- @'' ,@""."-' _':'e' " "," , " @" 2r "',' @ II@ -,'', ':F, -; II--@' - -'-@_' - '@I"I I''III@--- 11 @ c- I -'' @' ,, 11 _@ @i@ ,,aI@I,@% @, 11 11,51- >14,1 "@ "11 I'_@ -@' -"?.@',@'$- '_l"" " @ -V; ,.,I I I @ V, &.1,-@1",."I'll- @' @I-I,,-' ,,, ",,''@ -" 12, - I- " ,"-, ,I @'-",i'@@t@,@- '--'@"-I." p, ."' v "@--. 1, @@,@"rgq-'p'Us',@i_ " I-,''.I@ ,,, z'Oki@@f',@ , - -, , , ,-," @--r@,,,@,.,,,4!ai@,@,;@@&-@,7"i@,lot@,@"I '?Z7""@"', "@ --@@Ql,,@'--"-'@'@6 @_X- ,@l.,-"@@,,@1,;@@,,,,,@,@',,@@,@,-,,@@f-,.,'@',,,,@ , , , ",_@-@"@' _4 " @.' @.. .... x'@'r@""@' ''; ll@' @_' "@ , _-,-,": @''@-""@,, @ , 4@ 1@4:,-' -, @ @ @F" @@; "', ,I @-' @'@@'@' @"'-:' , @",@' !-'@"" -@'_' , - , "@ ,@" , " ,, @-I'- @' z@" _@';Zil"_'@ ,,, " " " @ NTZI,'@11'1'0' -1, ,F"q ".@ _@ I'll- 11 I I ""'@ ', @"il @ S_' 1. @_ 1@ I "_-"@ I@- Aiv. '-y "" 11 I., '@@- I-@' , "" @ @-4" ,,, - 4_-_@@,- -1, @__' - ,I"1.I'' -'l "--- -, @ , @ @ " ,,, I x @ tf'@' "`I'@'L: f@"V I -""Je 4: " , "I y " @ , I 1, @'.. I , I o' @' ,-@@,- " -l"' I @ ""' @ @@ "' ':-,"@"::@'- ' ''-,- - 11 " ',.,, _ " -77@@"""' " @I',,@'--'."L@'-""' , I - - z' _"'." -- @_1@1_11___ I "I",", ''t 1- -"' @' ""'' @"@ 4i"- 1:1 @'-" - @"' @' @ -'. --j- @-,'@,@,@i,,,'@,,'@@,-',,@,@,@,@@@,@".I,-",,- I ,' ol -1, -;', I,-,:. @@ c @ " @ -I-- I--', @'- -W.@ lv':@'p II- @@'-' '@- @-@.:'@'@ "I 1@ I I':,- "';""' @ 1! " @ _@, ",,' '<-_"''@'@@;'@"' @'t'@'@'- @-'- 5'@To"@@'--@-'.'@ll I--- ,-"@-@ '-@ " '?@@ IV, - '-x'- @-@s @@t'@fpp @@'ir'q. @." -w@k_@@'@; -@,,@"@@@',i'@@,-,,'-@,,I@-,t"-@,@,-@, @@- - -.-,;"'-' "@,@"_"_@"'@@-@@" ,'@ "' ,MI. @'jl- "4""B" @' , @ I - - --I- I I I Ir @' , _-, ".' tlf%@@-Af @ '1'-@ M, "'__ _"'@@'@-"' @'@ ,.- @'@''-- .r , @"'k ,,,, ,- @', III-,'_ _ "'i"61 _ - @- "@" "I _',@!"-_-4 Tr'@'Xv"_' -@_ ' '--,, ,IT.,,__ I, , "" i@??@'4'@@"" @@",, ,, ,-I,@- - -- - - -.1 '@` @.ll _@-I@' -'_ lj";' , ";%@;""@@'@@_@_"""' I -""'."'@- ""i@':"@"@ -_t-'I'' I-.- "';' @'@i_ _@ll @@' - ,"'@ v @' "I _ ,, . @ . @,, -@ -,, _; x' @'@" , -I- ol@@;'X_g.-'@ :a_-'@_%", , _'@__"_'@@";@'@""'_-- _,'' @' ,,,,,,, ''I I'll @-11 I'@@ "- .1, 1. 1, _@-."@"'' _-"I:i - -, , I, _", 1-1 !:, _@@ @@I, ,-'@' _-, -I ,@ -,,,I.1-11 .1- I @' @@@,3@,@@@@1'r,@",@l..@f@A,@,@,,,-,@@,@', i@A- @ I, -- -@_---Olm,,@,II I @. @@'- : '@' "'@@-' ,' 1!1' ' @@ '@_11.111.1 @ I I . - - '." @ 9 M4 @" f"' @@"-' ]"'C" I) ' -,-- I@ 1@I@ - : @_" __ 1,',.4 ',@ " @@-" j@ g,. @z@jg @@ j,f ',- I- , I, , ",,, @-@M_ "'-@'@@'-v Tx ... @]F-'. x_-@-'-'",-"I @' I@ "I @ @ '",,- , ,"n --f@,,.@@,,@@l@t@@i,@@'@',@@@@@",.q@,,@ -"fz'@*', @'_'@_ ,-- , "-lll',- @@ " @ i @ @' "@@&'"""' @-. -" ,,-""'I. _'@@"'@""'-"@' I .,,-, I@z4kgm "@ -oa - @ @- %@ , "; v. ;' : @' I _'Z, @j"" '-:@,I . I- @ l'VWll- I'll -11 - , " F, I -'@' 'i ,@ ,;' @ " .,I ,,,,'- - @"'I@'x 1, I , . @-. @";-@"@' _"_'@k'!@ @_y@_ "I I-@,,, ( @'@ -, '@ @'@ @-"'#A) "u@ --@ @4_"@@ R'dz@@ '- "I1,, - 1,; ,:--'I'll, @-I11@_"j-@'-"-',!_.i@@"if"@@"@--_"-, 1,11 , -, "'I ", I- @@W-"'@@ -11 - "_ ,_I ;',-@-, '@ . '-,'N-@' -Yip,@@,"@@,,,,-@@,@,"i,-@,:"" "",-K-"T@ ... 4- e' .' "', @ " " I , II-II-,1, @i@ _1 11 I II,IIII,: @1-1- I , Z `-% -@ "-@@"@tv@ "k'r:-'I@@i@AF'@P.fz-"' - " ",:- @"-- -11@ " ,.--- , @:;@' _f---I'I I-:@, 1,-II -,-@ II-4 @; @ @': @ @ @ @' _@ '!',""'__' -, , '_'___t@@""" !;@',-'.,,@,,,@,.@''0,:@i@"";@,,-.@,',.@' @, @ , , '.'-@,@ - ""-," I--'@@"@"'@ "'l-i ':""@ :@ ""_t .-i@_;._'-'; :@@'."-!. -1-11 -11 I11-,, ,II-,,, @I1,I" ''-III-,I ,-;, - 1, '. ,,, @ "@ @"@' X, @'.'@ ","." e'._ @"@" '@@14-""'1,-,I'-' I".' -,@I@@I - @""' @ @-' "'jz@@ ," @1. il"-_@@ ",,U.) "I ,'!- ""' @-__@ @' -, @ @ , @'@ .@ ,,, " @@" I , '11, ,- III" I I - @--'i , " , " , , , ,,@""'; ",,, ", @ "@ @" "'_ I . I" C,l' @ , @ v-'; Ir", , , @ , @ @@ s'E4@ Ap, @'@A'F_T@" , @', ,,@@@'@_ @' @ @-'- "--- I, ,-_, , , @, ,,'@" @'! @' f@ v, . , '-@ @' "O" , E, 7"i " i @ " " 1, '-j", , @ @' o@ , @ i ; '_@ , :;: '_@` ' @ , @ @ . " f ; @ , @@ @"-'-@';':" ,,,, __@@j'@j@;jl"' @'' '@,'-'*_ I, , , ,,, !-@I11 ""i "@ " 1@ i,P", @' , @ ,I--. @ t@"'@'-"' @ "', @ ,,, . -@,I's @@r 1@ @@ ,', .l: I- @@ I @" % ql,- ?@ 2 " 11 ll @ l_ @A_ i @,,@_@.'' ,,, @@ J; @" `S_@ '@"_ I --',, " V, @ T@ -p-@'- "' , @- 1@ @' -1 _@ ", --" I I,, @-i @"AAI'@@E,,1, @,@,@,@i,:@$,fp5@'It'@,,@m@-',,@k@,,@'@@,, @ '&,"-f@ @'" ,,, AA '@ @ v, F " @ @ -_1 _'@'I II'@@ , ,--,11 ,-@' :' : 1@ @'@-'@ 1@ I,',---"I,-@-j';'7@"'v-"' ". -'-@ - '.' ; .'@ '@i,@, ,'; " ,", , @" "-@'- - : - , ,, - @' @' j, @',@ , ', - ' " @ @ , t @ , "4;"' -, '@@',- _-1, @ ,7"-, @:-- @ -, ",-,I I- ,"_-, _@'@@I'@, , _@'t_ @'@-, @ "4 ,c-"@;,@@,",'@;,@,,@@@-"F""@,@,,, '@__'_',"J"@'- ''-" _:_ ."@'@ I ,,, , ,,; ,I -'@ X_ @ I-,,@@' '@'_"4@2_ ,, ,-, ''-@'- _"'@@'@'E"'@Zz@, III@""@'."@@'A_ '1-11 I@' @ '_@@'-"" @-.' .-"I- '" "-'--"4' @ -,- @,"' I--_"t -,, _",, -I1 7, I @ rl: lll@ @ @' .i , '@'@@ @" @ , _'@ :'_ @ @ ;'@ @: I @ I I @ ,,, -@'--u w,@_@@'--"". @ @", @ @'@ , I, -, ; " , ",, " i@"". '@lel@@ ''ll;,,.",-_1 @ [email protected]@- @ @A Z -, ,-' @" -, ""'@@;'q'A @ , @'@ @,,,,I.I-I@ @!" "'4@4 ,; @@ -r_@' I '@"_ ,'@'-"N5,",U- , .' @-" @" "" , -- ,.' @"@ I'll I I-- ,04-,@"I .@"_ '@_04-ol"'t, -,@@,,@,kt,-,@,",@,z@@,;,o,@i,,@@,,,@@@@;@.-,@@-,@,@@@"tl;4,i@ --@- "@"@j@'.'-'@;:@t"'- -:1, @'@ '. ,,- - - - III.IIII1, "_" -, ,@@' - -"." @' - . , I i:" - @"' , ' ,,, @' , , - , " ", ,_ ,@ @"I @ @'I@ ,: @',I" -@_@,@. -1, -, I' @@ II- @ 1@ "'' ,-I'-@ X@- -'- - -'@::-,." ll@ @ I '.' -_@ - '; " ,-@ ": ,--4;,,, '', -II I 1-1-'@@'Yl-,; ,:'.'t".-' l@',-,',,@-,,,,,',,,,":@,,@"",",- ,@,@,,'@@,-@@@,,';,:,@,,@-",-" 'i"i @.-'@"_--@ ' @ ,,, @" t'@ r" '-'.; @' - @' If p" "-@'.-_" "." - n' I,.I -I@ @ @,I -''_ , , "' , - I -; ; " , @ ,' ,"@' ", , @ "n' @ "_@ , @, , '- @,,A@'_'P@ ' ,- - ,. I, -A g ,.,"rI I_"'-'-Yl"L @"I -- " I-@ , - @ -'_@' - @' t@'- I; - ,@,4, , @__ I II -*' , @" , @I - - @'-@'.@'@' -,I-" @'@'@ , V ,, " @ "'I@Af @","I@'J@t.'!_ ,@@@@4@-,@f.,f"@:"".,.-@'ilt,@@@@"t" P'S @@,@(,.,z@,@-i,tf,@@.O@,,@@,'-,,z@iplA@@-z@@i""@vf,i$iftI " @ "j 1 @:@ r @;"A @,,I 'z@' ` ' -- ,"'-"", _- @ -, '1- ,, "11I1xl5l- , ,, '@"_, -,'% x @I .1 __ -1: _@ x, Mi-,-,@ ,,,, -_'Md r__ , ,_i_ - I", @' 11 -@ @ @ II '@-','---: @ q@" - "'.' -i _,' i , @@" " -", , _''S@ _.- @' ' - " _'.. @ t'@' ., I I @ @' - , "-, ,'' "_@ , ,I .,@- I'@- @@'F@'-t @'- .' ,,, : :@'. , - -" , i__'@@ " ",l "i_z"',,"I @@ ,@ "-"':@_"@' @ '@' ." @ @-_" @'@. .__ In-'l- 1@I .@ @ w ,@ , - @@,@- @ @-,I @@'.@"'-"@"'@",- I-I-@--@' 1@i 11 ,@! @ ,"@ 11, I"--- 4-1 I --@ @- -" w-i -, -,,, I ,' @' - '-_@I11II_--F,,@ @@,@- - I,,"I';@[email protected],,,@'@-,,,A " ' "'' -, 5 i'P" '/'@o'@'@--"L''-_'I' - "I --I@ ,-I @'@ '@,@ -_@'-I1. 1,1@' @@'';@ - 1, @"_I.I @!,I-", ;" , , @' , @ @ -@ - :'' -_'@' II@,_,,i `@ @@@ @@ - .@ A o? .' @@' @' @ ," -,:' '_@-, ,-"!""'@" , ,,@I@ @ 'I : ",," " " -" @ @,It@';-@_ - . -'i_,,,", @-- , @@ " @:' --:"@ ,.I; '@ i'@ @,,I @'- "- -- ,' ';@_' -@' , -; , , "@ '_b, ; ".@" -@_-"'!-' @ ; - ;' @@' @ ,I, @' @@ ': _"" - @' -@'@' @' 11 1, "'-@ @ :-T:ix", '@, ':'@ @' @"@ ","@ mi, ,-@" , ";'.,'-'_: '@ ' " ', ,-- @@ I @,- @'-4.-'@-'@'- " @ -- -' :" - -'I',",:,, @ @ .-I'-- la@' @'@@ ' "".- 'j@,, I'' ,@ , @ "c,@' , ,@.@.,-"@ .r,;-;,, @-'@' --, ,, @ @@'@'-@@!@@@' - , I @ ,,,,-I,-'"- @'zjp'..'@!,'@'tf:."@@:' &: _AN.@? @", @@.'@V@;;""@' @@"' 1-14@@'---" '3'4 , I,@x 11I,I@ @ .' " , .@ ,-. @ ,,- '-, ,@,, "'@ -@ .... @j'. I @' I - '. -', ,@ @: ;'@ f - _"@@, -, @@_ , @@, I@ @@-1 I_1 ,-11 II @ -' @-,@ 'It _@' -, - ,,, "@' e @"I z - ,. I- @@-, , @ - -" -,I I,,@@'@fl ,@ l.'-'_'!4'__',;' F@'-"gl lj--@'-@ -@_ @ ,,, ", i 'h @"' '@ , ,@. @-@':e'@ 1_4-"'@@ "*'@ 'i@@-- --_, @@' @@':,---: -_j_ -I-, I ,, '.' ' I 1: @ I I @ I I 11, "I@,@ __ ,-1, -@-0- -11 @-7 "' '@@' - @ t@' -@_'* i@@4'0'@@a'@_ "I lll','@":_."'."@-@4- ",-.- "'. -"""-l'-_,@ I--11,4_@'$@'-"v.-, -11@__"W'i;O ""@r" ", _@@ @," _, ,@, @@,_',Iz,"' @ ,,@ -_-, ,_'@ @ "@ @ I @ -@a , "'.- @-" ',', @"@ @' , - , f@" @'@',- @,I,"-v'Url @"@- .' @ 'H@; -'." -.- _11@ I@-_5 '-"@'i_'-,-.-,@@ " '@'-, -"I 11 I I ,I-, ,,, ",@ @@ II_,'@il-v@'; , "'.' -_41-11- :."_"-@@' -@.@ -" @'," @@I.@"@-"''_-@ ,@@ @ ,,': @_'@ Z "% @ '@@@-."@'_m@' "!@",@'4'@','@' @-_"-"'-'3' @,,-"I "@ @11 ' "-@ I"@"" @"'-"'@-,, i" - -,,,-_,@' @ _. '- @ol_@_ 11 -1, IIc-11,,,_@",, @ , '4@",--". ll@ I i, - @ "","", ,, , -, -11-_j ,@. @'-'!--'El , "@@,I- @'I- V'. 11 , 11 @,,-I '@'," @",""@@ '"' - ,", - 11 @@:4'1 -"ll."ll @ -'. - .1 " @I,@@ jF-@.,@ ,I11 -, ',- ,'- X'I-11I,,@,@--,@@",@,-@,,I@l,k@@,,,,@,,v-,',-' -t @:.@' " "'@, @@'@ @", @_. ,@ -0 @" ', Z- " _% @ -% '- ",-t@ i,@@'s'.@ , ,,,, I -''III.@,'@ @@@@.'A", i,,II@ "@@.-, @ @ .'@ "'"" " _@' 'r @ I I@'.' @@"- - @ @1, @' .' @:,.@,@-"-1 , -, Z'@ @'I44;:.-@@ '14, lill" -fjAl'@ @ '_;:-,L '@4 @@ I", -I :c ,_ --- , ,, @-@t- ,-'-,II -1I;' "-- @ @ 31, - "', , -' @@i_'@' @ @ - ,@@ - ,-,"_; 11"i- "@' '@"@'I,;' ' - @ t@_ @' ," ,- ,, ," " @" ,, ,I.__@""' ,>"'ll -@.' : '- ,@'a_d'"4 N,'@ , -, @' IF@,_!@ "" ,I- I- i'& @i@;@"@' '@"@'4@x@f@-, @ Yt "&a "" @ @' -, i , @ - I , @@-@'@@ '_@ _@ @ @ " ', @' , , j, @, I ,@@@1@ ,"AiWi'@ @ @ @ @V , , "fw@ , ,@"'@@r' , -@@f,I @@' @ " 1"'I!"@ U;4i @ N@z'i'q -" ,_@"'. 11 ,,,, -.I-@ ,@, - - @@T' @"'P"@- @ff@@ N, M, I@* @@' ,P@ "@'--I I@ap g@'@ II1- @ I ,@ , I , ,OV. , ,,, @@' -. @V'Q@k,p"-' - lp@'C:' @@ @ I,,,--,1, @197 " '-, @'@ I @ -' x, - -T - 6 '@-I@@ 'I I @ 11-1 - @'"151'-- ,VI@-t,N,,@-,@-@-_-- @7,-'-- , Woo `4q "- - -"@ "g 4 @@'z 4@ @'I-11_II, "", 'I II 1@ _@ "",A. , ,Ir, V-','@,%@_n@@4@@'E kj-',,@,- , -t "zt@" 1@'.'A -@j@ fjj @'i"a 11I II __ I I '' , @ '-"@T' _, - _' ,,, "'k, ,, viiw'6@ '.-i'-'@@i -q - "r""@"'-A@-41"@' - -@ ,v ,@,@ "`@'i@'-ti@ - 1, - @ @ @'@ L", @' @,'@ , @" @ "y P, ' -1, @'_f @ "U -11 @ V" ", 4 @__ "'Y'll" " " .77-""@ @' , PV@ @,,@ 6, 1, ,,'_ , @ I @'@@ '.',,@.@, -,@' 11 - "' 11 ", -, -- 11IN4-@ @ ! 11 - ---II@@I."_ ,, _ -.-@@I-1, __'@,X';_@-"- ,- '__ , '@; @W'd 11 ," - @I,, "I , ,__' , '. --@@_' '-, , gflk A, -'P"@-q _. -,-t -, - "-g"@ j,i,'--""- I ,I @ @_ , X' @ @, @ I @' @'. -' -- I 11 I "I'll I -1 I'll, I, III- -11 1@0". I -_I -%-t 46i1@ ",- .- il&"q @ , " ist q; t ; @ -A g' 0 a tj@' i,- i -. 0 j" j"", II11 I- " '_ @jf fg""_'- Wlftgl"F'64@@-@- Yltl@ , ,'o@-'@ @1' 44-14, zxj%Am@? l':"4A%1, ",I e, _- V;.'@fI44@@"@"'@ ,'i Xjlrw;@"I I" - ", ' ".'@' ,-'@"-_x _"- , ",- _-1"-'_ 7,"1@ 71@I@M@q _ , "@ 11 -- @ @@ I11-1,,I--- @ lk 1@1 @ - ,'- @,- _@" '0,;4@c@' @"@-;-'c, "" -, -,-" .t., '@'@- .'pfw'j . "@"' " "I "I,,II @ -'@ '_z , v,'. - ',@V` , @' I I "I _ _:,,I11 - @- ,"@'@@K@ , ,I'I'v, , @ "@@' .@' ,,,,, @,_,' .,";, " @' I_ .@@'. ," " 2x @' ".-, '_`-llll_le-ll @,'z@@- "'@ '!@ @", ,.'@ - @'' _@ 4-, I-,"'? -' 1@ . .. ... .t '' -, -, n; - 4" ''I-I I ,-,"',- ill", @' - I - j, " @ ", ,@ @@-- x " , " ,-. , .i '@ , " ,,, @"@ @"@ ,,'@@' ,,-@ ...@-" -X@' '@': "', 4'@' , ----%"",- " -"_@,_@'- II -,11I1@ I I 1@ , -,!; :' 1, - @- ""' "- '- -,"- - -_-, @' "@,@ ,@: ""@ @q- , " , @ - @ , " 'Ve. - @ -' "@' "& ", -@'@ _A,'-'@ "'@'@'.' @ "'@Ykt? @@:'@' - 2"'ll'----1:I- @ , @- ,", " " _- -:%:"_' -,@ ,, 1@j' "@- @"@ - -" - @"" ;"@ @l @'-:'.@-, __111."-@@A @"& @ " :,. .'@ @' `-, - ,, @' @- @ @'@ ,@; ,!.'@'!' "h --w -, -, "I 1- "-'@'lf"-@f,'@' - @- 11, -,'@? , ,,,I1.1"& A ns ` -@@ 1" ", -',,@@ @"' - @'@I , ;' ,z ,3-I- @' -,- - " I& 31, "I w -@,' @'! "'@- @':K,I' @ ., -I , II",_'@ 11@- -.: @, ;1", - @ @ -, @"I,1@ I I -I@@'@ @@ V, @.1 " @, --- "@"',' :'@:@ -" - _' '@ @"",@_@ ,-, @@'@ "" , @L " '-, @"' -';@' @:'.@ 21 - '@'!!""@j @@' Is ,,. -@ @a @' @-";'@'@'-@@.@C''jF" -V @Ct @... @' !"@ 40 @ -, - @ , @ @ - , - @':'@,4, z ", -"-,' ", I "'@' r@- ,' @": "" ,' <@'@@',-':' @"_'. , % , ," _7'@ ,,, - - "'@ , - I ,'-- p ,, @, "I "', @ q, @ , -11 I I'_@' @,", ,,, @,!-. --- @ I @,-'@& @- '', 1@ " i j@ - ", - _@ "'.1" -", '- @ -- ',"'I--4'@Alll '@'@" @- -111 I J.- , @ 1@ y 1. -,,"'I, @ I, "_ - 11-rr,,,@". @' ,,, " --' - @ j@""' @v -11 ff "I ;@' "'@'@-S-@"'' "',, ---' -@_- ", , t4'.@,,, . - 11 I 11 ;::, _,,',;;,, ,," "" ,-'@' @@k - ;@ ,,, ! ;@i@",,,@ " 1-1 4, -1, -lll@ _-_-_ -,j@, I,I ,- "'' 1@ "@ ,A"'@.- @:@ `@ !@7 @e - -"w"' @@@ '@@. 111. @111 `@ @, 'a,. - - II :_@ - - ,, z li" 11 I @' _@ ... . ..@,"j" -"' - - -@_ ' @ f@ @, -, @ @ ,,,, I" , " , @ -,---_. @" 1, :j'@"@" , '@" ,,, '-," N_ '@ "'!t' @"ti':@ 2%'@'@ "@ `6 I11 V 61@-@" , F-' @ 1, @ ", @@' -_ ,-@@- ,_'_ic@?-_.- if @ , " @i"@ '- @'@ @'j'@ , , , I z@'@@@-I I- -I", @@-,@@-R @@' @;'xj'@; t' -1 -",--" ,"i z @-,,II ,@@@' @' Iv - --,@,,, @1@ ll'@,-,--," 4@@ i- -1, @ @11 @ , "I -1 - I'@''I11 _:-,@@= J,r, 1@-;-:,@-" '.'@ @i"' ', -1@@!@ - ::" ,@ --,,@ ,--- %, @@'- 4, @ @'' -I-, " "@ -"' -@ _"' ", '@ "ll ,"_ -_"@ @I@f@ "A"u"_-, I " I- @ "@'A @ -"- " 11,',,,@"@, @@m t - -r o't , 'i - -1 __ ,",@ "@ -@ @' - _@@' ,-I- - 0@_ I'@ -", I@'-4@:!'@ ,,, @"' ,, --'A'. - @' '@ , II" "@ -'; @ , ,,-@ @ ,-II I''I--lll@_ -"" @@,@ -1@@-, "@ j@f- @' I '_ - ---- - 1-1-,- -I-11@,,,@ I-"_@ -1,-@' ."-, ,,I@- - I- @ , . ,, ,-;,i @ @''.@ 5' , --': ,-,I@ '@i , @'@ :'@''@@I'll -_---"!P@!L@:g-mif. -+"""'."" -",e@'@-',' @:i @' :T, 'X. @ @'. ""i@ @- @' -'@ , , ,,, I@I @I @,@' J, @"@ ,,, @@' " ", ", :@I,-,-, @'@", ""__,,iI,,g -,,@@,,@ @ @,@,c -, @1;;N "" L", @"@' _,"i ",-, Z I- @@' @':! @':@ II- 11 1, I -,@@ .' , '@, @' "'@F-'-" -, '@"" i -@;'-' , , - -, -- --,,@, @11@,, @, @"z "a '@@" -" i"'@ @" fe r'@p I 0, -'@' ,& j@-., @ , @'x -,@ @',;, @ _I-,@- @ ",-I"II -I'----,@@@,@.@@-@@'-"@'@@,,@@@i@',@'@'@,1-1@', -Z"',Q-g'@"';,. -"t , @@c "rl ,I"-'r-,,-1-, -" ':1 - '- - -1 --,_@'_ _@ I Ali ,@,@:",@,-,@.@@,F,-'i,@'@".s-",, "-,I'."@',-' 11-1111"I'll '_"- -,!-@f@ , , @` fl, ll@ -,"K,", c. "I -. I P I- - "-,c"-I-c@' .- @ '@" ",-_ ,'_ - - 11,- _.' @ @'. @__ I-, I - I @--,,-@I-I,-, 31'@_" '@ I,@-`"@@' '@ _,; ", " @"- - @_,-v;-- I I-_"@'I @": @:' @@@@I'i'@.,-;'@ -, , -- ", , @ @ I @'M-_f - __1 11 @-,:@' -@-,@I,,@,.--,@'-_'. @@- -1:-, _" ""_ _@ I -, @" e .' ,,.,,-I,"@ ,-,@-I @' ,@ x ,@-11"@- 71" :@ 1,-,, -,-,-,11", ", @ ,@c @' cd _F,,@ @'-'_"@w-, ",@ @' " ,,,,,, "'_"_'__'l . ,A,,.,,', .11 @@.' @ @@ - @ "@ ,I ,@. @"'e -@ @ @ , , - All goals and policies are to be considered as a unified whole in MPLEMENTING evaluating projects and actions. 1ECOMMENDATIONS 2. Request Federal agencies operating in Hawaii to conform to the proposed Hawaii Environmental Policy Act (A draft resolu- tion is included in the Appendix.) During public review of this report one thing was made clear by 3. Direct the Environmental Council to monitor progress. (A draft ie overwhelming majority of citizens who participated. This was that bill to amend Chapter 341, H.R.S., is included in the Appendix.) overnment must move promptly to deal with the issues presented in The Environmental Council would be required to record and re- iis report. The State Legislature is that body which must initiate the port to the Legislature annually on the actions by all levels of ction. County Councils also have responsibilities of leadership in government to implement the requirements of the proposed nplementing, through ordinance, the actions which are needed. Policy Act. Executive branches of local, state, and federal government must 4. Direct the Ad Hoc Commission 6n Opera Itions, Revenues and ccept their respective responsibilities and initiate programs (or modi- Expenditures to consider the recommendations of this Report. 1. existing programs) and strategies which will implement the policies (A draft resolution is included in the Appendix.) The Ad Hoc ited here. Commission would be asked to identify modifications in the tax The private sector of commerce and industry is called upon to structure which would provide incentives for implementing the iccept lawful constraints on their activities which degrade the quality recommended environmental policies. if our environment or contribute to overload. On the positive side, 5. Create a State Planning CounciL (A draft bill is included in the ;ommerce and industry should recognize profitable. opportunities to Appendix.) This council would be composed of State and county ielp achieve the stated goals. planners. Its functions would be to achieve better coordination Each family and each person in Hawaii has a. responsibility to between State and county agencies involved in planning, initi- ,ontribute to the implementation. Indeed, the greatest responsibility ate new planning concepts, act as a planning clearinghouse, 17 or implementing these policies lies with each of us, individually. The and advise the director of planning and economic development ictions of government and the private business sector are dependent on the formulation of a new State general plan. )n a well-informed and concerned public. The evolution of an environ- 6. Require .environmental assessments as prior steps to carrying nental ethic, and the rebirth of the spirit of malama call for a new out public and private actions which' may significantly affect earning and increased dedication on the part of each of us who would the environment. (A draft bill is included in the Appendix.) This )reserve the quality of life and environment in Hawaii. legislation should include the following provisions: The following specific actions to implement the findings in this a. Provide for rules and regulations to operate an equitable sys, ,.eport are recommended for consideration by the 1974 Session of the tem of adequate prediction of foreseeable environmental con- 3tate Legislature. sequences of major government or private actions. 1. Enact the proposed Hawaii Environmental Policy Act (A draft b. Provide for wide public review of s uch assessments and bill is provided in the Appendix.) This bill would enact into granting a "standing to sue" to those individuals or agencies statute the following provisions: who properly submit written comment. a.Tho.se portions of this report entitled Assumptions, Concept of Overload, Goals and Policies. c. Authorize the governor, the mayors, and chairmen of duly b. The requirement that the executive branches of State and constituted boards and commissions to accept environmental county governments implement these policies where authority assessments as one criterion of their decisions to approve or already exists. permit actions requiring their approval or permission. c. The requirement that the executive branches of State and d. Provide for consideration of the environmental goals and county governments identify the areas where new authority is policies presented in the proposed Environmental Policy Act. needed, or where conflicting policies prevent full conformance 7. Update State planning legislation. Existing legislation needs to with the proposed Act, and report their findings to the 1975 be improved to: Legislature. a. Require closer State and county coordination. I b. Provide for adoption of a State general plan by resolution of mates should be dynamic, and subject to re-evaluation periodi- the Legislature with a required up-dating every five years pre- cally. ceding the mandatory review of land use boundaries. 10. Establish a procedure for declaring specific areas or systems c. Provide consistent definitions of land use terms and com- At Overload or In Danger of Overload. Using the criteria devel- mon planning concepts. oped under the previous recommendation, a procedure is d. Delete outmoded sections. needed to deal with environmental overload. In areas or sys- e. Increase citizen input in the planning processes. tems declared to be At Overload or In Danger of Overload, the 8. Adopt programs of taxation and land use compatible with the burden of proof should be on any developer, public or private,, recommended goals and policies. The Legislature should take to show that the proposed growth -stimulating development is steps to implement strategies which will combat land specula- clearly in the greater public interest before action can proceed. tion because it frequently generates pressures contrary to en- This is a new concept deserving wide discussion before adop- vironmental objectives and increases the cost of housing. tion. Elements of the Overload process might be: 9. Require development of criteria whereby the carrying capacity a. Procedures for the State or county executive branches to cer- of Hawaii can be determined. The governor should be called tify to the Legislatur6 and/or County Councils that a specific upon to initiate a broad program to determine the capacity of area or system is At Overload or In Danger of Overload; our environment. Some of the criteria to be measured include: b. Action by the Legislature or Council, if it concurs, to render a. The State's production and consumption of renewable and such a declaration and later to repeal it when there is a finding non-renewable resources. the condition no longer exists; b.The State's undeveloped capacity to increase production of c. Prohibition of any significant public or private development renewable natural resources. in an Overload area or system unless the normal and appropri- 18 c. The impact on Hawaii of attaining self-sufficiency thro Iugh ate review authority has (1) received an adequate environmen- the use of only renewable natural resources. tal assessment on the proposed project, (2) held a, public hear- ing on the project, and (3) returned a finding that the project d. The optimum population level for counties or portions of is clearly in the greater public interest. counties compatible with compliance with environmental pol- lution control standards for air, water, land, and aesthetic values. Consideration also should be given to override mechanisms q. Human needs for open space, mobility and the pursuit of whereby the State and counties would check each other by act- recreation, religious, commercial and social goals. These should ing on an Overload declaration if the other failed to act in a be stated in terms of community design criteria which provide specified time. for them. 11. Institute steps to amend Article V111 of the State Constitution. f. Although less specific than necessary to be considered as A new Section 6 to the Public Health and Welfare Article should criteria," the following aspects of environmental carrying be added. It is specifically recommended that this new section capacity should receive the attention needed to start a process read as follows: which can lead eventually to their being quantified. "The quality of the environment is as important to the wel- l, Recognition that Hawaii's environment contributes to the fare of the people of Hawaii as is the economy of the State. "Aloha Spirit" and that varied lifestyles require special The determination of an optimum balance between eco- considerations. nomic development and environmental quality deserves 2. Identify situations whereby new technology can amelio- the most thoughtful consideration, and the maintenance of rate the limits of environmental capacity and reduce or the optimum quality of the environment deserves the most prevent environmental imbalance. intensive care." g. Recognition that all of the above are subject to change with The language quoted above is taken from Chapter 341, H.R.S. technology, economic considerations, human values and pos- By including it in the Constitution, greater impetus will be sibly other circumstances. Therefore, carrying capacity esti- provided for needed environmental improvements. Priorities Some of the issues raised in the discussions were: The ranking of the Implementing Recommendations does not 1. Belief that current standing augmented by recommendation #6, necessarily indicate the priority or importance of each of the eleven provides sufficient basis for citizens to challenge government. items. Rather, the arrangement is seen as a logical sequence of events, 2. Belief that citizen suits should be limited to specific laws, or- each one of which needs to be accomplished. Enactment of the pro- dinances, rules and regulations rather than broader policy posed Hawaii Environmental Policy Act is considered to be of para- measures, and that such specific measures should spell out the mount importance. The remaining recommendations all hinge on the rights, as well as the limitations, for citizen suits. existence of such a statute. 3. Beliefs that such broad statutory provision would lead to I large By itself, the proposed Policy Act can do little to achieve the stated numbers of lawsuits, some of which could be harrassment. goals. Each of the ten additional recommendation S Will contribute 4.A minority belief that experience in Michigan and other states significantly to the improvement of the quality of life and the quality where such a [a w' is on the books, offers evidence that a broader of the environment in Hawaii. grant of standing to sue would not be abused and ought to be Prompt consideration and approp riate action by the State Legisla- established in Hawaii. ture is needed for each recommendation. Suggested Draft Bills Included in the Appendix are several resolutions and bills to im- ISSUES FOR DECISION-MAKERS plement some of the recommendations of the Temporary Commission. These were drafted by the Office of Environmental Quality Control and the State planning coordinator. They have not had complete legal Comments have been made that Hawaii faces some tough deci- review nor detailed scrutiny by the Temporary Commission; there was sions in the next. few years ahead. Many of these have already been not-sufficient time to do so. In general, they reflect major points the discussed publicly. New issues are emerging. Where do we go from Commission felt needed legislative action. here? The decision-makers of Hawaii, both public and private, need to 19 .Enactment of the proposed Hawaii Environmental Policy Act, and engage in open discussion of th ese issues so that decisions can be the accompanying additional recommendations is not viewed as the made in the near future. Most of them will have a significant impact ultimate achievement. Rather the proposed Policy Act would princi- on man's interaction with his total environment. pally serve as a set of guidelines for the affected agencies and private Overall Issues sectors. Subsequent legislatures will need to examine additional series I@ Should the State of Hawaii and its counties be on record with a of specific measures which will more directly implement these broad commitment to protect and enhance the environment through an goals and policies. environmental policy act or an environmental amendment to the Citizens' Standing to Sue State Constitution? After considerable discussion of the question, the Temporary 11. Should there be a growth policy which establishes the most ap- Commission was unable to agree on a recommendation which would propriate rate of growth, by islands, which also emphasizes quali- expand the rights of citizens to sue public officials to compel them to ty growth? Should growth on Oahu be slowed down until public carry out environmental policies, laws, rules and regulations. facilities are adequate to handle the population load which now Dr. Ylvisaker, our national consultant, feels that standing to sue exists? on the policy act is not appropriate but rather it should be directed at 111. Should there be an open, honest decision-making process, both specific projects or actions. public and private, in all areas affecting the environment? A majority of members agree in principle with a citizen's inherent IV. Should there be a strong directive for better, cohesive, and co- right to challenge government action or inaction. However, while ordinated social, economic, physical, and financial planning in there was unanimous agreement with the "right to sue" provision of Hawaii? the recommended bill requiring environmental assessments, an exten- V. Should there be some effort made to determine the holding sion of this feature to the recommended policy act itself and other en- capacity for each of the Hawaiian Islands? It is necessary to de- vironmental laws was supported by only a minority of the members. termine the point of overload. VI. Should there be a reallocation of financial resources in support 3. Should the "highest and best use" tax concept be modified to of the above issues? They appear to be basic to the future course encourage the retention of significant structures and sites? of Hawaii's growth. Agriculture Issues Posed by the Goals and Policies 4. From the standpoint of large land owners, does the social goal From each of the proposed goals and policies there flows a series of alleviating our housing shortage make more economic sense of public policy issues for the State Legislature and County Councils to than a social goal of encouraging diversified agriculture for its resolve. In some cases, the issues and their resulting sub-issues emerge environmental or cultural worth? as clear alternatives to each other; in other areas, they merely reflect C. ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES the degree or rapidity of public policy determination to achieve the Resort Development goals and policies. In any case, they deserve thoughtful debate by the legislative bodies and the broadest input of citizen opinion and sugges- 1. Should resort development be permitted wherever and when- tion. ever the private sector requests it; or should the release of sites A. POPULATION for resort development be strictly controlled by the State and the Population Growth Counties as to location, off-site requirements and community in- frastructure, number of units, and timing of development? 1. In order to influence population growth in the State of Hawaii, Research and Development should the State attempt to change Federal policies on immigra- tion to the U.S. and the free movement of citizens within the na- 2. On a scale comparable to its promotion of tourism during the tion: or should the problem be tackled through the existing limita- past decade, should the, State initiate a massive program of public financing incentives to attract research and development indus- tions caused by employment opportunities, high cost of, living, tries to the State; or should it continue the current limited pro- housing costs, etc.? gram on an ad hoc basis? 20 Population Distribution 2. Should a "balanced distribution" of the State's future popula- D. COMMUNITY ENVIRONMENTS tion seek the same number of persons on Oahu as on the Neighbor Land Bank Islands; or should the urban character of Honolulu be. maintained 1 Should an organized "land bank" program be established as and improved, while the Neighbor Islands retain their rural quali- suggested by Overview; or should sites be acquired as they are .ty? at present? , Population Ceiling Taxation Policy 3. Should a specific population ceiling of one million residents be 2. Should the "highest and best use" tax concept be modified to established as the State's total resident population; or should the enc .ourage low density of development for the good of the com- number of future residents depend on the carrying capacity and munity; or should the maximum tax return be sought on every type of commun.ity environment each County desires? parcel? B. CONSERVATION Resort and Community Development Shoreline Areas 3. Should resort developers be required to provide housing and 1. Should all shoreline areas suitable for recreation purposes be community facilities for their employees; or should that remain a designated for public use; or should only certain areas be selected broader public and private responsibility as it now is for most for public use and the remainder released for private develop- other business activities? ment? Land Use Commission 2. Should new programs of public interest in less than fee acquisi- 4. Should the powers of the Land Use Commission be reduced to tions be instituted, such as compensable regulations, scenic ease- those of an advisory group, as proposed by Overview; or should it ments, etc.; or should public interesi in the sites depend on public retain its present powers? purchase and the availability of public funds? 5. Should the Land Use Commission be enlarged to include each Significant Structures and Sites County Planning Director as voting members? 6. Should the State Director o f Taxation be a voting member of 18. If so, what components demand immediate State attention? the Land Use Commission? State land availability, financing aids, speculation curbs, tax in- 7.Should the composition of the Land Use Commission be centives, unwieldy public agency processing, site requirements, changed to reflect the fact that over 80% of the State's popula- design innovations, etc.? tion is on Oahu? 19. Should a housing corporation, somewhat similar to the Ur- Moratorium on Land Use Changes ban Development Corporation of New York State, be established? 8. Should a moratorium be declared on the further use of agri- If so, how much override power, funding and staff is the State culture and conservation district lands for urban development willing to give it? The chief of the New York UDC receives an until all land presently zoned for urban purposes is utilized? annual salary almost twice that paid to any public official. in Ha- waii. County Zoning in Conservation Districts Urban Renewal 9.Should both the Counties and the State be permitted to zone within conservation districts, with the condition that the more 20. With the fluctuation of Federal funding for urban renewal, restrictive zoning shall prevail? should the State establish a substantial revolving fund to assist Department of Planning & Economic Development SOp Iaration the renewal of blighted residential, commerci al, industrial and in- stitutional structures and areas? 10. Should the Department of Planning and Economic Develop- New Towns ment be separated into two departments, one for planning and re- 21. Should the State embark on a program of assisting the devel- search and one for economic development; or should those func- opment of new towns in open areas and in new towns-in-town? tions continue to be combined? Landscape Treatment Private Transportation 22. Should the State require tree planting and other landscaping 11. Should a limitation be placed on the number of automobiles permitted to operate in the State? treatment for all public and private construction, just as it im- 21 poses health requirements? Does the State Constitution furnish a 12. If so, should a limitation be imposed on the number of, vehicles legal basis for that type of re 'uirement? q a family could have; should a substantial tax be placed on each 23. If so, should certificates be required for destruction of cer-' vehicle, on its parking facilities, or its fuel; or should, other fiscal tain trees, just as permits are required for demolition of structures restraints be imposed? in some areas? -Public Transportation Public Structures 13. Should the State change its policy to give first priority, or at 24. Should design competitions be required for the selection of least equal priority, to public transportation .systems as it now architects and concepts for public buildings? does to highways and freeways? E. THE INDIVIDUAL 14. If so, should the State direct the use of highway. funds and CIP funds to development and operation of public transportation Citizen Education systems? 1 1. Should the State increase the importance and extent of environ- 15. Should the State join the City and County of Honolulu in mental education for all age groups; or should the environmen- planning, developing and financing a modern public transporta- tal awareness program remain the responsibility primarily of tion system that will meet the needs of Oahu? private groups? 16. If so, should the new system be waterborne, conventional ex- Citizen Participation press buses on existing highways and freeways, buses on special 2. Are there any ways in which citizens could participate more busways, a fixed guideway system combined with feeder-buses, fully in governmental decisions affecting the environment? or a more specialized "personal rapid transit" system? Citizen Action Housing 3. Should legislation be enacted to authorize citizens to have 17. Should the State initiate a massive program to meet the un- standing in court to permit them to file suit in order to preserve satisfied housing needs of its residents? environmental values and-enforce pollution standards? - I . I ,-- , -,,, ,@ I @,@,-,!W@,- "Fi", ',-@ '4h -61',Ah'Al 4417'@@tflxi @---- @@-@@,@'@@iw@F@.@@@tL.-@4@i@,,@'@!4"iiv4,@Fb6,,--,,t',i ,- @6 o"', -rq@i@@, '21fi-, @ @;-',i 1441-W'.@@";"".5@@i,@a@fV@-it@,@@4, @401t;,- @'4@,-'4q - I , - 11 @- @, wo, -,&@.,-b-@i-",-, - 1@ ", - - @q4,@t, I-, -,@@T: ig , 1.4--k-, Au Y, @--@,,@,-"2,@,@"r",-"""@@@-,-'-z@"""@@ , @; z",,If ,, -@--,'" , ,---- "- A, 7I '',,-- 11,@',::@,,@ -- I1, e--, @,@-@@,--'---,t,@,-ij,-6-,@ -- -n, -----Am,@ @A@,,,, -, ,-, Z,@, @, @@ j@,' @ I@ -@ t9f @ @--""t , , @ R, -,-",,, - - 1.I-, 'i , --j We @?- @,,, -1@ Y@ @ I 15 @'@ I @', I- i@', @ , -"-AI T'-@ I -'-`5 5 R4 -0-110FAII-IFI, `F @ i ,,- ,,",)", - @ i"Ai", --- A, ,-,IL,@,@ ,,,;, ,,@ A, I I- "'-@ - I "? ,@l,@@ , ,.- -1 -@,,-L- 4I,@ , @-,--'a , i ,,,, ive'ag --i, ii P'i ii -F-ele ,,"-,@,"@-@@- , - -, I I--I- -T,-,"" -'@r@@-- @, ,, @,, @, -,@i ,V, "" ,,@,@', ,l, ,,, @@ -, -@ " @:@-@",-`--- ,IIN, @, I"- ,- sf - -,--", I12,0@ - ,,, -, I-- " @ - .4" -- @,,,, 7---'-,- -, -@ @@'@,@@,"@@,@,@@@@,2@i"6!,;",@,'@@.,@l,-, ,-,@ "k 4:r'Atf-el I @1 1-11-NIi" -, , - - I I H -@@ ,", .,@,-@,q ,,@@ @,@ ; 11: @ i A5 -,- @,-, -- ,@@,, -- is ; 2; , ,I "m gj, - 11--l-, , ", - -,U @, , ",q 1 - 4a,"'w -, , @ -, ". v i @@ i @, _4, @,@ ,,, 9-,@ In A. 91111 P @@, e,` E I'll" I'll II II " @@-1-",F O", ,,`@@ ,,,,,-7- -0-,"", @-I I@ -<@@, , - ,@-@,,,,A@, ,@-@ 1@Aj-@@ "'e",, A,f @ -- V@- P"', @ @@ ,,, - j@l " @ @, @-t@,% J @,@ , "Y'-" @ ",@",,--,Z- @, - x -@ ,- ,,I,- "@-,@-,- ":,@11 ",-ft"t,-@ ,@F'i *@- ,-@-,@@, ,",-x ,, , - @ - --'----I----t "@ F -- "-,"@11-1 , @,_, @ , !", i" ,, @ 46 2,@ ;i "- ,, - -, @ ,-t-@, , @@ @ ", I -,4 qi,@'; , -@", - F,-,,-V,", -,@-",I i Ili -- I .- -,-,--- ` 41-,-@it-'- i- 1 4@1 -11 @, -I A. @,4,@@--,-@ ,,@,, 2--@,,@,@@,,@,-,Ir-,-,,-1, -'@-@@ - -,- A, A!@-''! ",-I- 0 i @ @ -"T- Z- 1'@L"" " . ,- -'@ - -,--` @ j- @, f ,- Eokpij,"I"? - --"@,-- "- ,-,@-V, -@', @ @@ ,@ Al,@@-;@g@@- T @@ "- a @@ , , I @If"a "i @-@ phI @@,@, ,I 1a9k# � A@- @- @- , ,-b -v , iA ,8M "'A. -'-F --l' ,1", , Ar ,- - -, @ f'-: - -:- @-`,,`A,11-11 "J"',T", 'i ,A-A- -,-- - -" ,@II V1, - @, @ 12,@7@, S@ @? @@ ,-AII @'@ k @II@ -@, -, - -@` @F@, , ,-@- -,,, @@-4, @ @5" , -ftO @@@, ii,i -j f@ v 16'J"', @,@,,". @ @-", . ---,,,'II@11, o @ 4rI -'11 A: -, -@ @ I-@@-1 ,, 1 1,7 - @ -, ;-- @,-,,-- @'-@1&-'2v@-,;-@ - , -- @ - ,, - @-., -, @, -, 'M5@,r@!'ufi ,'@@@@@@@i'@.@"'@@k@,-@,@"-!,@@,-@,"- ,; @i ,-!",@Yr`,@,- 5, @@-, - ,, _@ --,--'' nw,y-,-T, -,@p,I, ,, I . ",,. ,.@,,, J-F,@ 1-"@ i@ , @:T , ".5 - -w"'i ja ---5@zA , -@;@ I ",, i -- I-@!@-,,@ t-,@ 11 , W!"I 1,1,1- lil",-- --,@ ---,-v7t@, -,, -- -P @, S m @, I-@, -"',@' @ @- @-,3 -t -0--@111!M111 -- - z@ .... @!@- @ "@ar,,, - - -@ 4, @!,' @ ,,- @,-@"a @IF @,@ -@- @, - 1 a, @ , .7 -@ @-,@,,,' ,,,',,' -, -@ ", @.- @ , ,A @ 0 @55,.,, --W -1I'@ -- I,-1, '13--,- -,,`-- ,A A,@ -, --- A, ,@ , f,.@@4@,@,,,- @; N,Ip@@,@@ - ,1@10,,@, - ,,, , X-3 1 @ -11 @1@ I` -1@1'1 I I,,-- c'@@ .. -- I I-- -I," ,,, , ,----,@ -1 A II-"I@".,I i]!- ,,, - '@ "A i@;@,! ,@,- @ @ - @ @ @ ;,,. - @ @ ". , 1@j ,, ,,@4,,:@,-@ "" @' I -, -@@'-@-- -i@,@ xt@ 0@@--`@,,a --:f,3,f@@o, - -@,-i,-@@' @@L'-@@@'!t,y10@,K @ika @@ @ @@-A,@5,, ,@-,, ,, @@ ,,,@j j,i -E? ,7,,,- , -,"I- A-,'I. @--,@ @ @ @ @ @ @,, @,, @,, @,, @,, @,, @, @,, @,, @,, @,, @,, , ,,,7-,-, -,;',' ,,l` OZ5,@?,'!,*@ -',IN@,,;tl@@, : @' I @"' .-, ,@I,--,--,-, - --- !, -ii. --"I- ",i&p- a, jai"-)%-t@ -- -1, , -4" , , ,-@', ,"`-` , -- -- --;, - -,s -,;A,2Rli@ @ ,, ,,,,@@ , , , " @,.,,, ,, , ,A ---4 ,A -,iit@ ,'+,* ,@ ,-,, -,,-,,4,5 , -1 4- ",.-,i-;@-,---V@ ---,@-i;--, -@; -,, -"f -@, f, 14 Iniq pmug mi igiiio ki Miq- - @',, 1 -'Jil-." @,?,,,II If-I, -", , @,@-,, --,---- ,-", , ,,- --,--. -`7,-, -,-, -,,4 PIP40k@ --,,,,, ,o iA@1 7--@ ---,-@", ?, ; -@j--- - @i , - @o, @@ @',?,F@,e,@@,t,,4c, @@,,vll.F @-,,Ai@, ,@ @,,,-Z%', 4" ,,@ @@, v@ i ;,, @-n i @ @ , ,fj,?"@@- ltnkf@.@ ,,@@,---. @ATI I I -@, 4. , *, 041-,!.-, ij, [email protected],@ - @t,-7 a.-- ,,,,4-, 1,41@, On!" -__,. P! -@ , - 1, n r-1II --I-, - , 11I,,-,I ,,,", ,-,im4-@- -"A @ @@ @..@ @,,, q I @@ J,@@, , @, -,,- "I If - @,AA 1 1,4 'A I"W'A@,iZ, .A, ,,'@,, .,-@:,,,,, ,4@,@ --A Ai I- I, @ -,@f 5" $I - -f 44, I@ ,,," ,#F @-- -i -f,i@ , @@ .- " @'-' ,,-i----: ,@ -, ,?@'@@- @',,@ -, -- -Ic- ---,"! @", @@, ,f , ,. " @, ,,,,, - @ ", , I ",- ,@ -@ -t @, -- @ -@@ - -E@- "i -",,@,tzi ,-F@v;"Y- ,,,-," ,, -, - ` , AI; , - @4 w"Al's,016"'N@'P, 14-h;,--- i6F'O" ,i0i-,iamv- -'g-2p, jp,: n',,`-@y@, -,""" ,,@,, "ei-If., @7- @, @, - :Li,I I I @I @", ,,,it,,@@,i a@ ,,,,, ,Ii, @@ @, J@j "@ ,,@-A ,i ,,-i-i@, ;,.':,iv,@, @ @ "i lu p Au k A,,,Fg; ii -,,;,,,I@ ", g--- ,- -, -@! ,;- F! T"', i ,y 1@ ,-,L,40n, @i---;-,@,.,-,@-@@ 11 -@,, "hi, -, A, I --Q'@*N',Y,rg",@ -MC' v@,,l 1, .. 4,21 i@,- !'@ I @,,vU,r ,@e,,'t, !"ii @, @ ,@l 'A -@ " :,"@,@f? .E 1, ,@ .". i%li, @,,;@@I ",-, @ @, ,4,-I ---- ,4, %- Iff, , f, , -i`, It-I,-@I, i @@ e@; 'q L ": " @, @,@I@ I",A, - @, @ , ", -- --, -11-", , ,-", -- - ,-wmvi 'n,, ,I @@ I'@ -,, ti;,--@ -- - @, ---4,-@,I@,,r@ -,@-@@-V '41i-,@J ,1@4'111@,- --@V@O@@,; @-,@,, @ -, -` 1. @f, @ -, ", k- -05 ,,@,... , P-R MU 44@q e'- i"i ,@, ,-I- "--,@ ,,,--,, - " I'l, F -,NpA @ " 4 , ? 9 i -,,, @@ '. " t, @ - I- -j"U., p,!, @@&A W --,-f i r, "" '1'17@ , "I,e -'@,,.. -@MFx t@@ii@;4@e7@1-1;e@,,,,,@@,4"4",,@,,,@lw@'4@vt,7@ wi,iotw1r, k ,I @ @e,F,-@@, M, -, , ,@,, 1, ,- q pp@@,,r -- , i, ?"i "t @@VPn@, , @ - -- `A `F,,- -,- ---@@-,-, ,,- @ --,@' I, @" -s", @--,I -@ -@, "@tm@,@-196----"i- , -, @ ',:@,@,'@v2z.,", -.11., ,-" ,@ mu', I 111. vw,-4@ - - -,@, i@ - "', Z @@ @, 1@1 -1-, @ "',y il 4 @ -A,= -M mkponm, ...5@,, -@ , @ -. p ", @ I@v',,:@@,,t "5-;Ti@!I@ P, , -"t, -`F - F I,7@,'A,,@,,@1'e@,,,,@i,@@'Ki@i@@gt@,,.5@o,-V@Av ,@ ,@',2 ,_ S. ,@ @- " ,@ ,,,,- t,, , @@ , ,--,'m-r@@, .& ,@,,f%--,'t-,-,@P' l"', @7 4-1,--'', @-,,-,@@@@@,@@p,@,,,'@$@,fu,.T;,Pf:"",iTI".4- ff@ ,, , - @ ,", ,&- 11--,"@i: !,R,vo , til@,Mzitotmwv @iY6@Arft-T"). @,,,-:,'@r I @@p@ -, --@'@- -f @'@ ('l ",,,-,@,, @,,@1;y- , , ,,F ,- -,--- ", . ,4? , 0 @- k, @'i, 4,@-,,-ti @, @@,@@@ I ,F,,-,- "! " "-i, , v,@@i @", ;i ,,,;,-.,,,@i@@-@:S!,;, ,4 i.," , ,i -iii@i @--, ... @ ,4A, jQdi, ,i@', .. ., A , 'iz"Al"@,@6 - @kA"i ,,,- ,-A -" @@,, @,t@ " , "t ,l@ ---, ,, @@,@'I- 4@11'01PV OW-"!,,vonqNlo` '- "I @ V@' ,o-'I, I- i@%i4,P,f, - ,,, ,, q, "1,,, i, ,U4 --,"'I -, :,v ,@@A @i @ i . ,, @ 1, ,@ A ,; -, i " @,-:, 1@,'@-; '@,A , -@,; ii@@'- --@Al ?-, .-A@ @` 111-,&,,@ @', @ -i --,@,@--Y!" ,i, ,'l ,1-1 -@, -.-11 - - In -- @I-A] --I Y: "I @1,@FI @@--,y .. ,,@ @OAAW V:,-@'R i @-PlY , I "'----- @-I- @,@ ." ---, @, - - -i,i@,,'@ @-,-',I ,,I_@ ',@,.@,- @, -, ,- I"', -,--11 , I -@ @')l@, --""yd" @'ik,-i-@@`4' - @@ ,-,_-, I "-, -,i' @,@y',-,@ : -, --, i-, I@,A M--,.--- -,A fl!zx --, "- O @:, - - iz, -ts, @-,,,.@ - - , , .", @3,@ @A , ," ,@,l -`@ j@ @'i,@ ,"',,,,.': ,", ,N -@@'-,A,- @ I 2 @- ,- -,@ L, A-C@@ , , ,!@ ,"', V, @,,Fq@,,A@--l,eg I ;W@@', ,,, , --n ;,@-4,,- -; @@ ,-@ ,- :I,@,, ,-,-"-,,-e @-, " r A. @ @@- I'P; '-'Z',,@ " , ,-@,,@@,'fl?@,Z',,,Y@,i@,!"-@7,@,@,@@,@l,".', @g ip,4 -, z7,--A ", ,@I@,- , , , ". ,, @ I @ @4 @ @- - l ,,-,,, -l,,, - _, -. @@ ,Vol v,, " @@i"@@, -,;,,,, ,i ,,,, @ ,,@, 4 i@ i @4@ ,:!", ,11 "I " e,,,"@,,,, @@-iii,,@, ?"i,,i J@ "; A'4@,@, ,y @@2 ---, @-,-, I- @1" @ " @,@ -@- >5"'i IA ip "? ,Z@ 7- -,-, @ -,,`,`@A-, -, '- A@,,,,-- @,II- @F, ,,, -I I --,,-, -"A -,--'I,-, "',@i@ -I -, " -".-" @,@, !@ ,@,,, @,,, ,- , -,-@ l ---,,v -`;tv e- -',-; - ,@ " @: ; @@ -,--- -- -,,,,@@ --,!,@, @-, -4,@ -'@Q; @- ?, @",@ i@- Piu', ,-- ,,,,, ,,, -" -"@--@",@o,o,;-,j@@@,@,i@,@@@,E,@,,_,;@@j@@',,,!,@@-,@@@@@,,@,@i.@A@L,,@@@k,@@,@i,,@-'-.@,,,,@,", `_@,,mc@,,@,i'o`@," -@ @,,, ", ;, @; ,- -- -, - @'f7 4@", - --, ,@&-,:, r@r f -, 0 "", @,@,;I,k",, "'i.,,,,,i,@, @@.,E ,"";1-@J",@,,@I,,"', ", ,@W44mtli@l " , V1g.r;pon(n, 164 -, -@- @,-A --,,-. 11-'i ,-I- .,,- "... ... .A,@g - ii@ i@-, q,,,,-@,@,i@@,,@;A,4",i@.@'g-@@ "I"'; ,41.".4, a6m i'@,:i@,@@.,@,"k@-9@,@@;@'ili@;;",@-@,,;, aij, @ x I,@ - ,,:@ 1 @,@ ,;@A A,-F@ @,,A,A@ ,,@@l- AiiJI @- - -- - - ; @ 11-@!",@- -,A@-@ @o @ fi, - A, ,@, @,,. A", i",I-F @ -, ,II,@ -i':,", !-@ ,-- "i @ ", @ j, , - -. "- -- -I,,-- ,, ,@ U@, - -, '@ @@q --,q " @-- - - I -I11, I, i,- @, ----@ I" , ,, !.,@-, --- --IA:@, -@- :, ,,, 'I 4@g I. @ 11 @ I, 11,I -@ I@,,,@@ 41 II ,@-@A@,-g -gpgI@... ,-,' -@@, @9,-. -j",,; Z '-",p.,'Jq' @-:;v ,,@i,@,,@@@j"@@@,@@@@;.@,@,,-@2i'@@;,@-!-@-@ ;@,-I,,@,i,@@,,,,@j4,,,l7-,@@i',,F,--,:i-,'@,,-@-,@-@@3-@,,,'@@:.,@,-,,,',@,,,.V'@-.@@,@,I ,,,---Z,,@-, Z@1, it"t,@ @ ,,,,@@,@ ," ",,@,- ,:-@-'-jA,:",.,,@,t @,',j, - ,-- - @i., -,,,"r f!@@,!;w , -, - ,4,1@-A,o-,rak@ !@iajj:--,I ,,"I' - ,@@,,@,@-1 - I,---@V- Aw-,AAP@lWI4 1'@ 4"-3 ,,,, @, ,. @4 -'NiA "@-@ ", "--%, - ,rj @ F" "" @ - - " , " 1 -, ,, -,@@ !@ ,,%,@, ,@,-'a 4 A I.., 4 ., s A', @ , , ,,'.-L@ @,, @ , ,, ,, @ z@l i �f, A if, A 'f j@ , "p,, @ @ @ L ,, : @ @,i @",,i'j :p ki"11T, ;@@@ - ,,, ",.,f",@,@,,@-,A-- fi- .- ,- @, -@ "I -; ,-, 'A " ,, k@, I-, ", @ @, @ , 1 @ @9 A @@@. *,- , -- " -, @ ",.-,,, ,.I-il ,S,@ - , ", , , , ''I, II,-, " - @ , " @;, ,,,--@, ,,-II,Ff ;4.5,i ',',@, I Pwff ,1' <""S"'! -- - , -,, - 4--,U11"MIN@---i@ --,-'@`,,---_,, ,;,'@ ,,,, ",@,- f,Iq@, -.,--,, -; @-,@ -,,4@ i qn@',.4'mqzpi@j i'-, ,, -@-@-,@,:,, @-,@@ -,----,-', @ @;,i @--j.!@ @----;@ -,,.- ,, i- i@, --@@-,,, I@,,,---II? f, @ 9 1 - a 4, @ i@@ ?,."; VE;-,i , @,,I ,,@] @@ 'i,,- '',- - ?,@, `11@ -@@, @ @@ ,',- ''ie -', - ;-1@@ 4ig.l @ @, @ @@50,, , -@--4Ah-e @p @-'.5, @"@`d-4. @zF-A,v@ 'i @! I, @ @- --, @ --" - II,, @ ,"I @ " I@@@, @@,-4 ,--C,-,@ , "" -7I-1 - ,J1, :-, --, - --`,@,@ @@, --' f'e "@"" I ---, "-@-, @I- I-I, -- ,@ I -,1-;4!,@'1i4@-,,-,u-- F-'.,@,F'1' @1@ ,,@@:i.,::J,@;@'.,:,_@,,,-; - ,,, ,,@,-11, @- I I @,"" , , - -,- @--@; --i@,---"AA ,- ,-`@ -,@ ""- ,,,-j,,,, ),P t?PN',@ , --,-1-;: @, @-, 5@,@, , - -,,,,,-I _:,11- -;@-,@i,',', 'i.,,", @@F I - -@, ,,,,, -.lft-q'i@,@,i -Y-- I- ,- @y,---,--I-li @c'-,@,-,@, ,, @,"',-,"'I'A @-,-@,,- ,,-,j@;-, , -@ , -, @, 0,_,,e @ F" - @@,r,-@ --@,, ,, , @,k , ,,"vI , "M l'i ii @ @,I@, ", , y,@,- ,,,,, AIA11A,@@@ ,@ I ,,;@,-,@@@'@",-@'A,@?,@,@?-,@',,? -,@ @",,"'; 'f'@tE ,w@@, ,",,;,@'.,-@,,l@@,@1F,@.-.'-',,. @,a- ,3 1 ,@ -" '@-- " --,!-@-A- -@ I ."'A,,I "i"". Z- i F1 i Ay@--6@`,,@'i' @t -, @, I ;1--, " @-@, 1, -1-1 A "-,-",-- ,"-@ @7 @,, ::,,"- ,- @" '@@I11 @,ei` , @, i@,-`- - ,,2, @.--- , ,,7-"@, "@ 'a- @@ @, ii@ "i -- ,=, vu,314,4,hu, vi,`Z-- I,t5 @@ -@@AY ',@4@I"-,,A @ - I vQ : -.A-,1-rus'- ,,,-",A@L@'.,@i",--;:@@@!,..@i,@",@i,-, ;414-1`1,11A@@,iii,i-"i, , , , , - a_ -, &, i-@ `;,,Ali@,, 41- @p @ @! i?@,, @, -@e,;,w@e*, ,,Q,V@@ t Ymm :' @,,,---,-4 , Fe '.-', -,`@, - -X,J, #44ftpdv4e@.@-'@,r I, ,!,@ ---a%ii;,:y@ '';, ,-,,-,, ", o ,- o 0 ,f ia h x? -A -,-,@; I,, i,, @, , ,; @,,@ , """.!, ,@@ : -; -@,, .@,, ,-I11 -Ali A Al-N, 4 -, ..,@, I!, ,-,,-, @@ I, ,. -4', j@ 7,:i@ -, - ---1-11.'@@-I hP h4 @,-#@,,--@-,,,, " ,,-,,. jY'@ ,,,""",,,@'-@@@-,,@@@,,@@@,@,@f@@,i,"@@, ,@, -,@,@ , @,, ,Iv,,@ @,A- --I-,,,, @,, @ @@ h@, t- v - idtit@hi;,,ycn On' i". @:xho,i@,",'-?11-',@ @@J'7' @! A, Fe@-,F @,.@@@@@-,@,-,@.t-t-,-.,@@@s@@;@@ "i i ,," ,@ ----;,@;,---,@ @,- @@;,?- -,:";" , @, -@@I@q @ @@6 & i@ .3,i,,-,-'@@'; !,, -,@,, @ , I , @,, @ @ -,,,, ", , cl` I :i"QI111 1'@ @ A A, @ e I S', i @, rK ilw, s i, i i o" @11' FIR @ @ @ @ pg T,,-- `@, 'fWA, -1 -, ,'110j,--@ov ,R W!':` ,,, I--" @J ,i'i YAi'-,,fJ-,jt ""'AJAMA@, ,, @ lf@,0i",@"i@,"I"11, - I@ -@ , 1@ -@@@-@-,,@,@.,@@."f-",..,-"I@ -filnN, i,,L,, @-,." " ,R19 "u're -;l,,@,@ - v- @ @ ---- ,,'', @11 @I'@@Uiff,-- ,,- II -, -Z " 1, @i ,--e A@-,l '-',:@@,k,-,@, -;@4 -,,3, @-g -@, MR@, , A, *,F,,,@@t----,,4;,&@@,@,;,4e@-,;T,;6@@-@,,,-,-@,, Ifligh, "@ @ @ -@-@I-@ -- 7 I PA4,'R-'Up,j,h, ,,,'I _,,i @, @ @, 37, @'K ,i " ,`- -,-o", @, v", o"s,vk@fA T Q, ,,i, ,--, , -,-, z - @, - @c 4 - , @@ ,; , It - -i,,-, -i A I--A, @#%@,@.@i@@@@-io4@@@,@,,'@,,I@-,-,,t@@,@p '', '@,-,- ,"", ,onjr@;,V,-,,@@;t"ff- .x @,,-,--- -,-Arl @ --t,@h t@e A!, ,M 1,-t jN@,-',,- -. -, e@'i 3 , i,11Ie, 1 _jt, _@ @, @@ .Il,@',- t@*,V @ - @@Ll @, 1'@, i 1@ @ @@ x A, -, -'. -,,, @sp@ -,4,tg-, '@--':_, Z,,n-, -" ,@f, @ e,n, p@I-,@, A, -61- J-3--"a- ,, !4",,,, "- , 4N, - -- @ "I '4J." -U, -V 4.,C j fj @,,1@ - @-@ I -1..",, ,I - W.,I1,oj@@,@ -*,@A @@"M,V.,, 'em @;jg, of,pulgil" f, Sk v-, "" - i -, -, I I -A 11 " -114', I 'I, ,:Ai4j,i,,,aq,,,1, - , "--, ---I, f,,,ngdke,#v, "I ,-., u4Fq,---I-I Q454,0"', @i@g@!@ ,"@@, ,@44', A , ,, @AA4V,, j,,@, @,i 14jr 4A, @-@ , ",_- 4 A"i ',@jo', , @@ ,*#OAR I?T@ "AS I---,,,--"A5,,"f@e j@r,f -@ -,,YA ?"I 01, @ - - @ @,,, " @- @, " , -- @ - ,- " "@II -- .I @" ", "' A4 ii,@IP-0A, Jw,@ A --- j,4,:@'- -,.@ g @ ,i';- " II-I`, ..j, , , @04 -- ,o'J,'.",44a@,-A - A, f-, -@," -- -, @,@ ", @- -,N-F,,- ;,@ @@ '' ,_- ,'A". -,I'Y@ , '.,,Ij@,@ -@-,-@- , ,@F`f: -7@,,,,- -,-@- ,,",,,,@I'. , -1, 1-1'91--@, i@@ilvl, T,;,v%WFA1FF:iJ,4* @i&A, , -"-_,, - f@, , @,-,k@:L ;, @:U,@I` , ", ", t A', @-@ " -- i, 0, 7,;-,@ @, I-,-t, , ,,`--, @-,@; " @' -, "I i , " "-4@-,1-4,A-,`A,@?:,@,', -- " , ,@ , '12A,*y, @,--AI ,- - g- " -1"@np, -- I---, @-id"t -o-yt h; @,@i:@i'vt@-,-i,f,- @.,@,,I @-a; @- --- A& @@ ,- ", -. ,, -@ @,? :7 ,, -. -@@ , @,@ ,1,x:@z - I I I- @- I" -@,@ -,@,@@,,,,I-@ " I @J* ,-eu,"@",v,@, 7@@,,@,i,@4@4@,,@-@,-,--@,,@i!@@ @ @' @@ "@@ ,. @ ",-, @"-,'@@,@ x: I , , ,--;@ , n,7 @@, -@; - -- @'j - i,q-@, ,z,@ f,F i; ,@ J, @c, @ @, "- ", @e'lw 11111014. ", '-,,-"; t- ;@, " , -, ,-.A,%'@@,,@@!',,@rl sI I I, i ,,,, I,-1 @,,'r ,," i- ICRAI @ I I 1,I, ,@ . -@----, , ,f@,I I @rf@-,-@,,--@V, r, -,-"-''Z.'., 4@ ", -j@f' - -,,, ,@, @- - lz,-----@ - - 1, @ IV@, @,@$ ,,,J,@,4",@f-@,@,@l,i@V@@A-@l,,@@@'z@,@,@-,@0,111 @- -1, , L':,,,,q- i A ", 14@-&-,"-,- X 1, "X@` @111 @ - ,-1, -I,.- I Ut%- ,,,"-, 11 ,@ - - "-ei , J@:@@J:F, -F-sAF-,@,,-@ V;@',@ ji'-@ @ia','-,, ---%A,;-v zi,l , @_ @@".w", @, ,,@ " g, -i,,@I,,-'-Iloll , -p@ -,-@I--I- ,-,@ 4 -'A@ g @11 11 @" !i"Fo, , A,@----1,"',F ,-,, @,-,@, ,-`--- -@-I,-- - "; @,--,-- "' ,:711--p-11: " @ ,,,- --"-,-, - -@" "@. @ ,,,", ,-- k, '- ,- ---,-,-: ----1T--4", A,, ,-Vt FL,,@W,, @4@'. @,Fisow@ _0,P!I"?,4 -*-,,@k@,j44i -04,,4- -, I I,7 " W iI @4,fAq --@ --z,@,,,- @ IV , 1 -- -- -" -,. ,@@j j. -', ,-., ;A`, ,,,, 3@, @ " ,,, A @ s @ e., , A, @, im, @ -- @, - - - , , , ,:! m , , 7 Mqk@@ -,-i",--f f; W@@, I- -'i W :@@', :1 @ -; -,, ,@ 4-T ,@ %- @"! ,,'@ , @, " "', @ ,@", I-6 n@,,j, 1. - AYANAII,Zi " dr ., Poll ". I- "aV,-@,- AL, '@@- @,11 ", ---,--i@, @, A-iI-, : -@ , - ,@ -, ,.,-,Qvi-, 1,@, 11"',A@---AI'll 4. ", , ,-@- -,, fU'@",-,;,!,;f'-'ii I--@, I illy"@-,- ,, ,-I-@,- ,, @ ,@@i ", @,- ,,-,FA@@A, vzj@,-I-"@ @,,@-,@ 171, -@, -, , ,, , .@,e@ ,I @ -0, -- "" -, ,, W@41'i @,,- -i-@-,nI.,@,,@@ -,@@1 I@W'f i "j? -,@ t @, -, @,z , ,14L ,,@ A @,' @ @, , A_ ---JEC-@,ft ""'? K@,--- k-,,@,,T7, @,,I,Q Fj@ ',10,,@;z't- -,-, -,, i,@@, ,F,,i1) .@@l @ , @@i@ @@@ i, .@- @ ,' @ @z'-@ 'Y'll", ', @ I f'@ A, @@,@ :@Y, " @-4,;,,,(). I,,,'@, -,4 O A @A,, f "S ,,,@ - @- -. -,@, ? ff f@fl @e "s NI@, ,-II@,,'@, -..'@@,,, s'@ -- ( AFM@ ?5,@@T 3',F`,@ ,,,@-I "--@, f, ": @@@: @'k"@ 'f -- .e N @-@' Z,-P@I'M lFr @j-l@!,,o'-,- -@,, - -,I-- -- ,-"i'- - - - - @, , 2@ ". V--,- ,@,@,'@ @. -,@"J. ,I @ l'. @@ l- @, FF- I-Ve "!-5, .I',,I,I"', _,I @ - 1-1 I .11 --2, -",-,@l@@-@,,k"@@*,@",'-,iA,-,-"7 -"-1iF 1,11a `-,-@,@'It@ @,;,-@,@, @11 11 - 1, - @, -1@ .1@I , @II IW,@. ,- :@ - 11 ,,i@r1o--A, -, @, I14, :1 Q,]; XAK,@'@ " @i:, ,-,,, !,@ @AAj"%',;.`@;@"i, k c@, J:,x @@ih ,";-Akux I-III@ . ,F@. A,@.@ @@ 'D ! I @ kA.-', @e X @ @@ 1, I @@ @ -t:z-,@@,,@@,e",.",",@@,1"1,@@,,,@ I @,@ ,@', ,,,, @-, @ @,,-,@I,j4. - I.--- @- I--,@,,AV 't Af": -77777*21#,AT4@,@',-' jit;FPXp*.i @Opii @,Qiv,!,,@" r@ " @ ,- fp r--m R ,'I i"v"U, 11Ie - e I ,xl:,, A I------,,-, ,, @,a gi@ @Sqjg ,,, , ,TZ`-',?,-,, ,,,,,, -- , z -@O-', - -I--, @, @s ,A 4. -4&, j-, ,@, @v @j-,,- d J,A-V, I',@,-' @,, iili --of URT-Apf, ..t- g@@',, I.' .AO@x ,A-,-, 11 @,,.'C,, i@4 A?@ if@fl@O !@' .@@,-, ,'F"Ali@-J"A,'i fi -- - -, @ @, -@,-, @f `1 IF 'Ail! @1'1-jl -I-A@WRI 1!-NMIN; a U Al I,f -E , ,,f.,"@, D @ -F - 11 I -@ @, , --:F@,,M,li ,"IFA ,@2"- t,, --:, , ,I ,@@ &I I r @ %`@', -"' @!,%-: I - @-`;2@' ,l@ -,:i`gf;@iijmo,Wg@'@A '--, , ; ql, -q, @ A, "m-, , ", ly ,-h, @-ikji,xji I,,,,-8,,, ,, -"I ,11A T@,'I!@V'i@@;@,OA-,,,@77 -,y, 'S, i @ -,A,4 O",@@.,'I"-U, - Q'-f --@, 41"R -@,,",,A@@:- "', i 'I -, @ ,@@@ ,-,'%@,@,-T@4 --111177-@ P, -0,,,l'. F,@ .: '10, ,@@,@ k: ,@-@ ` @ , `@ g@"., ":` "', @@@ ,a@It J'a ', ", , f,--Im,Vi@. ,@,, ---!F@ 1-1 , ,f, --@,@ ... . . ....", ,-@--,-- - --,,-@ ` 7,,Q @@"If -,-Itz'MM"N'!@ -;Cff@1@@ 1 -- ,O@ ,",-, il -A,,,- Jra@a ,@@- . -,i ,,-',@'--- ,,, l-, -! "',-,@-,I-,.--ID i @ @; iT@@ i'L @@?@ 4 ;;- , I- @,@ , , @,,,-@@@ ,"@,.@-'-,F,I@*'@, "11 :" @ - -I@I, 4 @k - @,, @ @ - lU ,i I ,'T - ". , @-, @-111,I-1 -,,@, 777- 111-2,1, @, I R I 12 ,@- ,@ -- -@- I-@@ 1@, ,; 11 @- ;@ ,@" ,@., , "_ - ""-I p- ,pie, - ., I ,@ - vlll?.,@ @, -1 , , , - 0 4- ,,4 i-, @@---A,",- , ,.- , @ z@:.t:,A- @ m@, :,! @ , I %,@*,j @ 1 #,, R-1 - , , .- - -, IV-, ---- A," , ,@-,-, ,@--,@,,-@-I @ 1,; .. @ ,,, @Z,@@ @,:@ " 1'@ i , , 11 11 - , @'11 x, , -,;-@@ni ea I ,,-A, , @AA-@,-" ,, --@ , -- @f:!!@4!4", i 00 @ -@ "-@,, j ,,--,, @-, -- - -A '@ , - ,` - @14- -,@-:"@@, 'i , -"' ."-cs -- @ @, , ", @@?Aw,.--,--,1`,-,', , ,, lom - -#,"';', ,,- ,-,,I,, 'Q@ - @- 2,f @,, @,;,; -@@' -, ,@'-,;,@'@ @ ,,@ " -,,-I- @- @,-,'@,-@, @ @ - - w@,,@1@4@ &- ,, @-, . - @v I -- I- @@,i; @-I -,@- @-FR I- -@ 1111-, @@ @,:,I;,"i":-,"-@@@-.@ -l.':@,- " @,,,-- -@, ", @ "", D, , @, @,,--,O .- @-@- ",-`11 11 @31,@,I AV",I@ .- I, -@@,.P @,,@" is,' ,@@?`A,W A"ll." 11-, `@, II,A-- - mw b6, - --!j;j;AgiJ -- @p, -@, i-@ qf'.', 'i,,;', - rx'.4A, 'j @"J,rA i@",@@i-l"N-, - "-," ,@ 0, -@@, .; h;z",@!';-@ 'M Sp,A im-linatwe; tt.,05!vV:-,,-'4 '77"I"'Im io,!ci#;Oj',%,,-,'M -- -W,0$, -1- Nolkid,.jg fi@@ !t Ak6-, PI,4 #@, - ,",,, , ;,f,jF -, an! I A., g -, I-t -,,. , Y5@ @ r @,@t,,A 'r -" , " -,,,,'Y,@r",@,,@m@@f@@,@,@@,,@@4-@,'@,,@"'f "P @,, - ,II -,-'4 -, ,,, `@,@.-, @;: --,j@-,,"",@ @,-, '11.@, I , I - , , , I @ -,'-WA,' @j,'; ,,",@ ,@Z,, ",,@"-@, C,-,@11 -- @ I-I- "-? t" I@N,,,V@"'11'1@ `iAci [email protected],A@ , I-@q @,, -,-_@,,i ---@ -,U I ,,,--11 lt", @, -11Y T @- @ -,JU 's @ '111 - @', Lqq, "'@,-. I- ,- -@,t@,:@@4,44,.,@y@4@i'@ZE"@,@@,@, @3 - @... - C.-@4, @-,-- - ", :,-,;- ,,@@A 1@ "', - IA "@ "I"'@--1-,@@@, 'N"al'u, `,i'Aii -,'--, -@mwh 1" ,,, @,@,`-,@ @,,,:T,4'i@,fi ':'@@@p@,@il@@.-,',@r@,,C"@-il"iA@@14""@,@@@,.,@";;@',@;,s-,@@@ - , -,---"-j ""I-":-"-" i"'.4'.j4 --',awn -P!'C,-v*4-,f1M,,-` ,-11"I ,-'3 11 1-11, .-@5@@xs,@54@ ,A,@,,I,@,i@Z',%,;@, ,; -1 ---@@',,@'j -'@ -';4p@%F,!@ I, , , - X)@ , -D@@,,,,@ -0f,,`-";,- ,@o',@,,@@@@,w,,,O;@@,@,;@O,@si@,,,,@@@- , 11,, "-,,,,@l',@,,,@,44,@@!,'-@',@@,,@@j,@ A @-, ,",0, -1-1 `[email protected],J4'@2,i,@!', @@ P`;;?Ate,;-!t'@ -v N',:@, -,4@@@@@@,"@@,,@'t$,,@,-k-,!,@Oi@il,,4I ,,-Aw,,- ItI, @ ,@-I"", ,, I I L,---I'@@ ,- @@ ,, NIV -" .- ",f @ A '. I.- A *44@,--, !, ,@@ -o-"f ,, ,,,,'00-10, @ -,-"."A'A , , ,, @,:,' @-i ---@', 0 V%2 @@;-'-'Uu, ,@ @, "M f71:",%- @'-', "', " -, T'i't; , @ , @ @ i,i@,),ZI-W@ ,--?-, -, - i,,, ,,; 'i v,t*@ @riwi -Yph "" 5" i%: @@ x 'I ;@,,,@#44"k-HINAW9 "."i @'f-i- ", @,t 11"@.@, ,@ - V ,,,- i, r9 I@ , t-%," !,-,,,I--.,,I@I--- ,, @,, ,,",,@ MN, ... ... --@:,,!`@C" e@,!-". 1 - "',,"' -` -Y @- "' - - -@, ,@ t ,,,",-I q- ,- ,@--,---,@@@-1 - NF- x,,, @ -7I-,@, ,,, , @'n. @--,--O@, -_@-,E, @,,@ 4, @@ @!-", @ ,,;,,,@I- -@@ @. '' ,-',@,@-@x;@,@i@E@f-i- K li , -@ - -@ , ,,,,@ @ " ,@ , @:`,,,,@,,@@-, ,- -,---Zq"",;,z @, x,-'! @, @ A@ ,- - -@- "",",@a9-,@ --,;- - @,@, -@, @ ,, S@f ,- I@- t',@ @-`j:A,iAi M R,f, J@ 'i7f tj Z',, , , 1, @, , @`l @,, I-@@, -1 .......-,- @- " "6A ,-,, @,--,,@ 1', I,@ ,,@', x'@;@,@ ,@ @,J,@ 'I, ',,'@,@@,_ , -A-J,@ -, -"-If, - ," - - @ ",,,, @I`I-,-,,,,,,--, ,@, @ -P 2 I-,-"'I , @- " - @JI" @ -,,,@ ,I-@,@ @@ , 2- , - -,- @` ,,, :,"11 1- :"I ,.;---, ,,@@@ @b_,,, , ,- --.- I ----@ -, ,-aI,@! 4"A ",- @ @,-, -- -, ,,@ -- -,I,--- -@ ',@ @ I ,@"-,Il ,@ -0 "- ,, ,-,@2,- -@@,@@,@@@f'-",--,@,@@-"k,g"@@ ',`- 1',@,,J,.;!,, ", AA-"rq@@',,M.1, i -,I`U"iA," - @ ,, oFF " @ " - ;,-! @,- .Yj",@ - 1@' :,A -@ . , ,,-, - g @1! , ,, ,, @ @ --,@'lli@,@,@,@@r-.@@@@@@'@.i@l,@-, ,, @q@ -W,@.;A,V,uh;@,; z@,,-@,,,,@, A, ILIVI@1@ lP Fo .,@@-, @ , ,,- ,, -I-,4- ,'A - - d,- @-q Z, ,,-- ", - @, @ ., @-,@ @,@ @ -iI @ ,@ ,--,@-,@-,',o,-A, A- ` @@ -Z-P;-,;qW@v;-,Ww;@ @ ,,@i@ ,@, & l ;,",, ,,,--, -,A-d,-- " V`i,,V,A@i- ?@@ @,@- !i'i Ae,@ @ A ;,@ -` 1,--,@@!@@ -r@q ,, #1@@@ ,--, - -, ,, -@,%AA , @@ @ @ -@v, ,,!@ ,(AIN, - , ,-4 --- '44 ""10- "[email protected] ,1@0-A,"A-A@;,q ,Ad'AF-, @-,@"- t@',-"@@ A@@l,rfft A1,113," iiv-,@4,ie@;@@ ---- @,,,@ @T@,qz --,,,-,tt4',_-11 11 ,@@,,@ @-,@ ,P ",; " -, I I",-@_- @ =z- -- @@ @, , -,- -1 Y ,@ -tl ;1 - @!",@ 1C, - , ,@fflf-,.`7'- @-"3@- @I,, - ,,x,- I", 1,1@-- -,, 4z", ,T,@r ,,, @ @% I,y -,,--y -@@,@," @1, -,@@,,, " -l@@,@, @- @-@@ @ ,,,",, ,@ @F,- " "', , , ,,,@L, -i @ @@,,,i",,@@ - - I ,,, I IA @ @,' r-,--@- @ ,@- , ", ;, -@, - @,,,, I@' I- -,--@---@r, j- ,@,@@@,'R, -31',1, @,,@ - ,, f ?@y;,@ @@ @,,@,:-"`,@ ",@,,j@@ ,-@1-7 'i,- , I-' -,@@l. ,@j@@ A-, , ",, -@---ON I @,ri,:-- @, -`@%--:!, -, -P,.,_0,'.'-,,,@@ ,, @` - -, @., ,, -, , -,-io`-';, s-1,t--'-yv-# 1_fI,,A :, @ ", -- --,-, ,, f@i,'jtj q- --- , ",-" 14"'@@, @ @ @'. f ,4, ,,V@ A 0@1 , @-, -, @ - - - @- -,,@ -,@, -@ ,,,,-,,,j,,- , 11 ., ,--; ;,@j 6@ I., ,,,,, @ "io-,@,,-@,g,,-Oi,,w @-:@, @-,A,` @-,,,@ -, I-,,,,,@ -",3 @, .i-- --, a, ,'J;,"g @ ,-',@ @-' ,"., I- @, F,-,I-, ;@1"'.1s",-, 4, , -", -",.@-,a:,@',@'Y,,,@,`f, -:@,'V2,,,g(F;;I@@d. @,@,;@,,, ',,@@,,,@;J"g';,- 1i -",@"",@@.t,,a,,,-,-@,','@e@'@,'@@',@ , --@ cl@ '-, , ,@ ,, ", @@ ,@@--.1 4,@.",,3 @, ,,-A@-,@- @-," I--,, @@@ A , -I-- ,: -@ @,,5 @,-4.@ @d, 6, 6--- " -@@,@--I- -, K z -, .1 11 1111@ 'F @- @@ t' @ @, , j x., - -- I, @,@@ - @, @ ,-,; " -- --i I @ @ f , " j; '. ,@, ,' ; .-i- 5 ." i 4- ` - -'o @- ,,,@ -:,,@ @,-; " @` @ @ @ i,--,, - " - -,, @, "i 0 - , ,--,, , "' -ij@-@" -,,@ @- ,- - @Z, f',J@J,@@,'y--Ijf 4A,F@g,,qi:z i;"p i . i,--,!,@@ ,@@,@,, " c ,, @_ @ ,@, _ ,,, r@vj,, -1- 11 I II I ji!-C!@,."! 'I'(D"T -;;;@W, @i -@,-;@',w@, s@@--@t4e,!:@!,,@@-@,-@@P@@"-',-@f',, , -- , iM ,,@ @ @@A-I @ @, I I,r,-- 11 l@ - @,,-,7,,'..,-@ , '", @, x, 4, . 3-4- , ,,- @,- -, , , -I' @- ,- I @ 4C,,H,-,," ,,, ," , F, ra .k @a - z i, @ Of J , ""l-l"I'r '- "I , -11 @@ -," -,-11--A- . .. 11, @@ -, ,@@@@4@i@@-.,,,@i,-@,@,-@,',i@,,,@4;p@@@,@@@s,-.,@i,,,-@-! " -,,, -@,V-,@ "'T IIYIC@ @F` -@'--q,`,.?r@@, ,',@ij,@ -'ioi@ "! @,',,@I,, -- `,]`,,,@ @ " -" :,I ,'n-- ----, i , - , 1, qo,,@, .`-4,--, i- -;; ", 44;q,-, ''. , @, ,vink- - I@@ iIs,fA,AI q,@@A,*lz5,;;,i- - @ "@ ,, 'r @G' - -@,M@!,,,-@--,;;I --, ,@ --, , :@ ,; @c- ,-,-,',@,@,`,@d@-1-1-11@ @ 1-1 @---- i--- ,1@I,---@-@@- If, "" @@ l-I-I: --,'. @ - @, @@,@ ',-@@-@`!@@11-@ .@@z .1.1.4 "".1, -- ! =F @?" '? :'Tzr, --- 1;@ I@ li;'11 @ -"i" --@ - ,@ -@,@V,- I -1: --, ,,-, -- , -, @ ,@@, ,@,- - --, @ , - -,; @ - - - ".;'' @ @ " ,-@,- "@@, ` - I -11E -1 -1- , _,-p-`1 ,,`-,,LI_,@4",rr:@,_, -"",: i,: , - -- @@',-.@I; , ,7-1,40 1---1-1110,0--0@ 1---, -@-* , ,-, I @@; I-- - @11 @, @, e@@11 -S ,,,,,-, @'-:@,, @,, , ,, ." 1, -@- '-H,j@ @ 4@-,A@:ii,,,i@4- 777Q`j;"-pj!; - - -i I -- , -I`@ ,@,4,@,%@'@7@;,i @--," - '',- ,@,,1@;f@, , -1, @I" @."V,@- @,- @@ -,--',:',--_3,@_I, '@ - -@' -I ,i@z ,@, ,,'I - @a'@;i`@!,!,@,Z-;, @@, _ ,, ,@ ,:,, -1@ II I11 td@,_', @Mjf- ,--, @-- @'. -,,@ ,@,@ ,,- ,-,,,- - " " , ,,@ 1.1;'o'el, -"'A,- -, --111-, A@e,-, t, ",4 - - @--- -- -_@- I@ , ,- ,I I,@ , I -, @@ @@---, " ,, ,,,!--Z,-I-, ,T,e@,@,@,f@'I'@":@@,@.@@,@@@@, @P,_',f ---p,!@P; epiw, 11$ ,g@. ," 1,411W, ,,@ @,- 4', ,@, @,,@ HE, - 't- Fi',!,@,@,`,--,,,,4 - " l , -@,,--,@ll"@p@'@@"-@'@@6@@,,,i'@ii@@@@,@,,,,@,-R't@,;@@@@;A ;i,@i'@@,,@.,i,@17'@,,@,11;"i@i.,@;:,@ -"-11-,,@'T, g,g;@";j@" ,, -'f"f ,,,A@ @' - @,, fl, @",'-n I,I I,,?@- -1 -t,@,@@:@,@@i, " ,,- @ - ", @ @@ 'u fllfl I fil'!w7n , I,-, " - , ,, " - @ ., -i, 4, !-- -, -11 11 l"..@P, Irll@,-r, ,"@ ,I@ -, `@@,,!,@@ :1@ ", F,yrj@@ '' @, , -, -,,- ,"-@ -, @*@@t,vi"y,@"ii@,,,@@i@@-il,',I@,6,-.,@i-o,i@l,@,"p - , ,,-@ 7@ 6 i@-,A- -, - @@ -A,A@ev@ ',",- -, A, @@,;i l@'---,;@ lcl,@;qj,i,;@;J2I i@,-,,,F--@V@,Q@'-",,Z @-- , I i,- @@ , @, ,@ ,I ,@;,,@@4"""--,-"@@;,,,,,,@@@@-@'',@,,- ii,o:M-N-`-@: @,-- q,p,-'k@@.',, -,-,@,@l"!@;,'@@@-,@@!@--"P"@,',r"@@,,@-,,@.@ -yr " ,,,r, ,., @ ,f- :@, - - @:, ,T,@- - ,,'@-,-, ,--@ @ I lj@,@e@@ @ @ -, ` @,@ ,,@@ ,I -1 1,@,,- @,, * lui-v"'t "I ,_-* .'. @ ,,@ -1V, I @ N i,41 X @,g@; @ tg 14@% A, L@ 4-, e @,a @@ @@, @,@ ,@A,,@f4@ -A ", -, , -@ a, 7F "- f Azi:@ @"`," @ :,i "'O,1675., ip@.,-,@@,@,@, - @:@@4@4, .ii-p , - @- --@ ,j, . ,I, - " -,-44,4CA @ @ -,.',;'A I. ,, @ -, N @, ,-,-@i-wt ,-,-,--,'@,,%?,n'j@I -- - -,',@,-, ,"@ , ',@@ "- @ -@,`",",-- A'!@410 ''' 'i@@@@@i,F!@,.;"@4,@r,i@t,,Pilti @'6,,I,',L@' @ A, L-@,, -@@@, -@@. @!; "', 0.% 4, ,`A@'.F@ ;;, ,@L@W , ,-@W--'i"', ;-,- A- ,,, I -,, , ,@i,@ @@ @ -i-,-- , @:@I-@ @@ -,'; --,, -@:,,0, N 4@ - i", 'i". ,,j , , " !@ " I A v ,,,-R, ,- i, . ,se-A", -5@@--,@--, --@@.- ,Z, ,@I -@ , ". N.',@ @ ,A,e ."'m `az i4,,,, @t@ P- -N, 4--,@m@ rI'll ;@ , ,,,,-,, ,, I I- II, I-.1 I @@ 7 fl., V-,@1IIll - @,,--I`;@ , %@,@,T,--`,@ ,m @, ,, ,@ ,I- I A,-, @@'k "i - --",;V41@li Z;J,4 I,,'-",-"-- --J-O@x @";if@,p j@,:!jke;,if,,,*,,@mr, ",,@"U@iQ 11_@, ,,I-@,- M-i-'T@@- -1 -@-, ,@ -,2f-"f;, ,,,, -1 -@WN,-`,W" Uri4p@a 4,M;A!"@,R'@',@ k, ,11,-',,. -'. @@- "111@ ,i,-1, - ,aqpmi@ mq- 4,34,%,M, ?" - @.@,,4 @ p rr,,I , -----, OA,, "-f. @ cx".1 ,"' @ ,- ,,,, "I "'d, @!'f@@-, 4@,-,- Y-'ff, @@,-,a,4,-,@ .5 "T" i. @"i7 ,, , @, - 3',,@. @ "-Tf.i ,@,Y-'_'q,Ade,@"A`@ ,,vp ...@-1 "M, '4@;,-pi"", - i, r@?@A@@Mvzd@@ M7, ,@,@@M';' ,,-;,-,4-,@ r@@z AN, @,, @,,4""" I,", 3 1, -1, 111,75 ,,@ --l@ @ @"""T, 11. 11 IAA, ,@ -I I,'@f"4't' ,,'-1, ,, @ , I`,a,,!,-3 @@ , ',',,',- , -", "I c @-; ,@ -@ I-@t,', @,@" -- -,@T-n A@ F@ @@, ,A ,@@ ",- @4@ @@ A. ;'Y -@-,@ -, - @, -, 1; , @; A'," -,, @' , 11, ,, -- -@`I ` , -%, @':,,,-:j@7U, ,I @@ @@ - @, ,@ @@ I., . ,,; ,a j: Z'l , @ @"- - @, @ A " , " ,V'i, -t ",,'-, ,'@.@,,pq. inyt-,r v @'@4 "f , -,Yj ", , -'-@- -A, @', @, i, -, 1. ', --" "-1- @- -- ,-","irl"i's, @35N,1@@j , - -,,, jl@-- @, @,":"cl@@-` --,i>',, @,,@%`@@ ,, ,,,,-;,i@,@,_,,1- . @j ,@ @ " - @'@- , 2 `q 4@, ;,@,'@,@', y @, @,l`-'- @,@I- :, 1 @3,@i -11'@',@l@.,@@@@j'@@@3,@@@@@'.@'@@'3,@'-@;@-,-Il@@.,@,@-.@@@5"-"i,@@,@ ,@@-IW @ @ - ,I" @_,!, @@ j - @- ,@ 1 -1@ ,, I I@I, ,@--f,IW@,h;@n,iii@@,-@ ,,gj,@,!4@ i, @i ZA-1@i,'A !@ 1, @ @, - , @,-I ,,,,,_-A 0, -V @ 9-Q",,V@,-,@- -I11, ,-I-, " @i", -UhAf @r,i4@@@@9,i,-@q,@9@-,-A,,i,@'i,eJ tf, ff @N,k!P?fA!91')oi!f'i @io_:"#?,@g.,:"Io@":V@",E@@,lt,@"@@,k,@@,,I@@@o@-,,-,-,,-$, -.-, @,@, eig-ti,%@-;@;@',;-@@,,;,@@@@@'@@,it ii- -A:@;,,,-j@@-gp- " -f--,"" 11I,I- ,,---- RIA R,,Am ol J, -i ,,@,l@ I @,---,1-44- @-- ,-i @ , ,,, - w ", - ,a pi;@@ @ -. I t4,@ .-@X@ @, @,.*- @"'-, " I @ @@,--.@@ _,fjr4F- I-- " @ e@ , @@, @ " 1 -':-@ 4 @'@ @ @ @, ij @ ", , ,@P ,_,@ ,, - "@@,, ,7@,,2,4@,-. -,@ ,,,@ ii'@,;,:@@,:F--@,-j-`<-'@' of,'Jo@@- -,,@,,'@Q-@,.' --',@-,A",-_,"': I "-@@ @ ",,,,,@-"-, @"" I I" " " -". ,, -F ,- -,-` -1 -IF -, -- I- --,, , ,. --1 -11@,@I"- ,- @, -, '---@-,--- I- , -- ,Ili, P.@r@,,,,% ,_ -,; Al:,U'--@-" ',--'n!!,,' ,@,'@I;;%i. ,:@., - @@,@, , " , , ,- @,,-_-1111 --11- , ,--, - ,- --," ,---";" ,,, z 'i -,@, ,- '@,,-Yz @ I.-N! , 1, -- @ @@,,I,k, @,--;,-",- v ,",- I- -.:, ,,@ " ,@ @, , ", @_- ", J-- -, @g',II@N@ zI im,,@ AIi,uiI --,Aime U,41 "I'Am iZ' g , -A ,,q@ir Li @, ,-, @A @,, ,,,7`,': 1.1 i i i, f, @, i v"k F -FE'' F J, I,,I @ipqa'p; ptf-@st-@ , ,;-,,,, - - ,@ 'c @', @ @ ;@,@ - @@- @,,"I14 M, @pf", -- - @-@ @ ,@,-' @,,Ol, ;,@ F i j3j - - "-@ T,'- F, , ,`-,, @'@, III&- '.,@, @l. @! i F1, F 1 w@i_' '" ,@4@;,. , @@- i "i.0-,@I0Aq ib iJ """ 'o 1!, IIFI, @,41@, 1-@ O@@,,I, A@" '-;"" -"'. @, '4,@,- t't"M,@?", ` @ --,x - @ ,,-- ., -,I,-,- -G.@,Z--,f " I I-j@, 4 @,@ "'; i; J. 4`@ @` @I@,@ ',i;,',',l,Z-@@,'-,.-J, 1, ,-, @ @,-, '; @; "' .- - " C."- AT ,,@@400,Q,@, ,,;, I @ `Fr,"?,P: @P,l@- ,-I- f"' q@ab ,-, -,,,,@,a-)Yi,@f@av-p ;@ -,. *@ , @, ...I"-,@A, ek, @, @, V"; , ,J mh !, , ,@, ,-l',@ @,@,f@ -'@ -',@ I I, ', I-5,-ic ,-I0,-@,Z m Y,',Rt,O@ I@-, -1 ",I-, @: -,' i, ,',.-,@,@,@'@I,;, "e, @@ ,% @,@x@,-, z-1 " - f i@" -,@, @@@ ,3 . ,,, l,;w , _,-,;@, @@- @5 ,.-, @ ! Z@,-,@I - @,--@' V., ,@ 1I,,-,@-@,"@, "@4,,-fi, "@ iq,-Rl@ it,,;;,@i-@,@@q@@@@,@,@'@a',i@i@r;@,i,,i ij,1,uq,niz-,;i @'-- Z,@," @, I- @-,-,- i-i - Aa , i ,ql'i F A@ i'fl,,,,jg,;@i@; ,",i,@@ @',,,- -,,; @, @-, n @,@, @@, @y ,, -.@ , O@@-- -- , Ia@, ,-- , l . -- ,-, - .@@-I I,,-@ ,, I:@, - , 1,1.`@, .,@-@K@ , ,, @- , , @',%,, ,'@l , F-, -4 "', @@. -," , @-,,,.I-.',@ @ @..,,, J,@fk F,TF, 'Q F 42A Ail d. 9 11 I @," i-@ , A : " mg it 'i -, ,@ --,-- `-', - 1 , , ,@-s I - @ I -j,, - -"q f, M V F,@'M,@,',,_I'9,,@,@. .:@,,A , :-@-1 AFhap ---".;:F-p,j@@- ,, @,,,,, 1. @, @, ,Aj" -t-@ @-@,,,-p@ fjj!'F@R-, -, I", F@J-l,@ -" I -; ," @ , 1: -- @',,@ -, tlird,,N-v@ n, -y ----@-,,,,,@--,@-I @, , "A. - - - n -v,,I ,, ", - ,,, I '.-. -, xl@-@*,@.`@,TA, fi'A"'i,@ , -Al"'n, @,,, ,:--,--,l-,@,@,',",--@,,@,.,':@@@@-""-"-",-@ t,--,@-'-:-1----- 0 -, D, - - , , , , ; ', " @ , , i -k @, @� @-" ', ,@, r@ xi ,4, , @',,@', If ,@@- -,K-@ 1- 1,II,'kI I,,- , , ''Y -- @f -", @ A A @@p @, - @-,,r "0@- @, , , - @@P;, ,@,o iq ,'@'."@-,@,ijt@,,,-@,,,@,-,@,,i.,,,@,ji,@-,,,,@@,@-A @ " , " ,j '4@:,:@!-,@@",@,.",io"@g-@r@',@iiJ @',Y-Hqji ij,firceg,Agi,l@,,p@@ ---- @@ 'I, , 't, @,A ,,@ T @ 1. p ", -,@, -,I ss "-, , -,,--l@'i-A-I.M4T -I'Ar 'i @nv,;-i ",-f,"a,-,,_@,Y? II - .,,- ,@. ii I... ...:,;,@ .-;_ ,, - -, @@l A@ ; "', I, ! @ @,, -@,@,@@iH@ -" @, "A ,-,I, = -,, -, !,@,-*@7j@'!, , ,@@,, - ,@ @:%, @ ,,-- , "-`,"--,-", "-", @, @ ,"5a O -A"fi yd'- F@ @ IpT " o j, , i , A, fs,igj ", :. 1006 .f4 t@ 1@,;`,@ @ @'@'s i-, @ A-0, @-qj 3'jA"`2 @,!@i�i% ,- @- 7'-, -_I- -, ,@ @.,1,,@,,,@,@;,, -,.@,--@@ ,,@@,'i'@,,,@@@,@',-@@--;@@"--""@,,'@;@--t,@','@,@T4".I-,@@@'@ _ ,_, 1, -,@-11 -1-11,--,- @ -'--,@ -,-,, -- --@' _' :@,.- @ @ " !"--" @. l. ", @@ Z @-,1-1 , -1 ` I I 1-., : -1 @,@ , I 1, l" - @ z -,:- @. @-- -- ,- @ I -'@@ , ", ,- @--, ,, -@----, @'AA0,iii,-11@ -, oA", 14'4@o,@4F@-*--',,4@@'.4@,-@@-,,,p - -,@--, " -@ , ,- -I@-,- Wars1,I -W!, ', A6 Ji@ I -I , -, @11,@-vro,inn,q ,-"4 it -,4,A" ., ,-A,@,,A ;@@,@@ @ ,,-,:, ,:. @,;@@,,,@," -,-,,-.1 4@5h,;,! -4,14i-tiw1l,AAOFF, PWASA - "'t-4. f -A@,.- ff " Q , ,, @, 4 - 41JW-,',N!N! qh- 00@,OAWIOAMWOA , P,m4j@,@,,@04@,@,@ ,- @" ,'' @'-,,-,'@, ---@-,@-11-1-"fi-.'@ -,-i,@,@,,@:"-"@,,--,@@,@o,,',@P,@,,,Z@4,-,@,,,@I @- ,@ - ,". ,,@, --2 --'@ @ -@,@ i--I11J@-"'@ - -,,, @, 'em ,,-@,,-- ,- - ,,-, -;@ ;i@-@@,- @ ,- -, @ -:p @ ",I I,,-, @-@-@@,-i ,-%, 3,-,,@i .'i, ,, p ,@ ,,,,,,: -@ - ,, "A'A -@wg:a;,@-q #-,,'@ Af!,, ,@,, - ,@-, ,11,v A, i,@ -, ---, i,,,?@'- , --@, @ @@@-%, :, ,- - .@*,, ":,,@--,; -,@ -I, p,-- -I -, A-,,@@, ",,,- ,a @@:v ," ,,, @@ ,, _;@@ ,@@,@i4,:,@:0, -,,.@44'di@:@Z,'@'t',@@,@@'4,@@;@q""I'@,@,,@@i,,@,,,.ii,,-,t".-; --, "Hi 'k,@"" v- I,@,RZ @.4; p, -@4@@;",.@-;i '@";"@,,@,."."@@@',,,@,-,@@,,@@',@-,@, IT lig-i-@El",@"1"-,@,@"."-@@,,-,- -,,, ll,,Ax,@ -__ , ,4,41 011 Y@f @-A @ ",-A". '@',Z,U, " ,!,Alt!,@, 11`@U,nfjn --@ ,- -,@ --P@-, @,"'t, JYF @ 'T, 141QM- -1, ,-",,,@- I --,,-1 -,'r,,@Ilqfl!@ , ",-1- , ,--f,-@ '--, ---,,@ -", "@,---, @, , @-@@ Ff-@Ii,-',@,,@,Al @,i.-,-@e, A"if a'@ At--@ " A.A,I- in ,446'ei-a z,@@'---- ,@', -- 4.� I 44 ; ,,,@,-RI ,i@'@",@;P""I-''@@-,i,-,@"-,@- @ ""- @,A,-, , A- -nr@,!@f t I, @A 5" @@Wvpp.p,gzwm*wfff 41 4 @",!V k A' r-ROAFAR "2, 1` @A@ arne "e, .- id-i, @:@rv Ug-"-, 11,-"',-,,@#'@@ -, A--q@@-'j, @-12 ---Wa"e.@-w,-,Z ',r --,-,-,,-,.V@@,@PAFARjTxtl` UNN,- @;@ 'A' 1, --- -@ @,@@"-,,,3,@@@,-,@@@@@,@@--,.P,--@,@@,--,@@@,-,,.-,-,";,@,,@1--l,@,,,,.@,1 -A--1 ff"P',ii-z i" -@ -u" I.; v , I p,,n@ 11-:@ 1,-U@,CN "t, II - @@@ I11, - , - E @ - - 0,@ --..,Ei@ ,vi@--,F@@ --@,; @F- , @,- --1 i %;,- , -1 - @@ -e,@7@-"@ --I- -@-"Z @, ','@I- 4@ --I',-@@@g,;Fg',*,q @','@- @ -I Il'l.- @,@- . @ -@ , , - -f, C,,,,,,,, -I'- -,,,,@",--,-,,,,,,,@i,,,-@@".,@,,@,,@-, - 11 @ @ - , 1, A- - I- --,,w.,1V -,R,I@ - ,,%'@@@",k-.,f"@Y@7'@,K,,@@,'@',,@.g@@ �,1kx1'.,--AAMA'fv1 AM#I ", ,, Op 11 ,II "IV, -:,f #1161 v @@1,, @ --@' , -@,@ @@.@@,,@@@@@.jl@'@,t@IV',,T,@"'*T'@@i-IR@, - -j'"A-f@V*,11j'W',i .@ " @ - - - - - - -,-INI @, @ ,;@j I @xF, -- , " A,- ?, ,,a, --@, @@ -,. -@',@@--,, "",@@4" r"WA,@@,,,,I @. 11 I !A - - , ; " , ; I I - I- I @`@' - - - -, 7@, @-, ,- @--11 '11@ @ @ ,@ I @ " -,;,@' -- ,@- @-,"I @,4-,--@,, -1, ",I- , - ,--- 1@,- , ,V@ ':,,ma nw. M,410411 2@ sl@;I@11 -t@l-`VI,", ,@,- -, ,,- ", , ,,, -,@ @@ @'@@'f@ @ -11,-,,_@_@@ _31 --,-r@- F,@`,,` @-- ",@, -loiQla,A-91 -1, _-- ,. it; @,P,@- -"@u;gfv,PqM- ae"R NCO,---,AFj,5%M,--@-@I I", - --, '4%@@F- @, iy, o' eoaw4s,WIR,-M- -1-1 -,- 'k @ p, -#j;, i@Re1z,-'',A;j,AkP6 ,,M,Af!0-!T` il -, vj"@i#F%1244 ,,, .,' -, ,? IFI v " @,-,@ iiiI@, -A"@ , ,i t 1-1 ,, o" A @ 1,4,z @w 41 ,1& -if.m,I '-i@ .", ,,,-,'.' , S_-,-, @- ,.I11@@, II @ 1,@,,- --@... Off. NUVS, ,'6 11I -,V`@' I, . I I- WAUP BMW Vtji@W, -V , rNy, --- A, - - 4 - -0 11 ,,@Y- tj@,j ., W, fv -@ ,I - '67 ,- -2 R @,, , @ ", .T1- ,, - -I---` l; -111- M1. - @,@ ,-',F . @ @qLl Z - Y@', -, ", @@6 A'. V @,@,@, 4 -FI' c11@@11 ,@ I, -'-@, @@7-- I@,,--, g-l'-R I @@ - ,,-@,,@4,@@ , , -,I-@g W ,,g,, 1i @` "-F!-,,! @ ,,,,, 11 - W, -@ -@!@'y A, a 4, @3 -AF M In@@ I -@.!@ 4 ,MaA,- ,fi-@ -ZI,A ,NA 21 ,a2@ I ,a li ,A 1.-, , ... F,@ "I 9"rI-@ . ,INN 1 fit";'J, lhs Av IV@-- I@ @ -- ,@, ` -1 - ii- I 1,.,- -A @, ,@. ff"N -11lIA ,, V "'-@ I41.7 I'@ I- e@l ... I- @ -,@ ,,- " , ,rA. AM C -jp A" ,, "F4,! 1, , 1, I - , c,I @ i I @ " II- ie, A, I @,@ SMA MAN, ai-,1@@"11 --, @ -I- AA I,i, -@`@ - @ Al@,,,@ A@@f-@" --w T, @, - ,,,, @@ 1 i w @j j Afktj 9@ 1A -@ 11 @@, @@ @@ ,i On ...,, P'01 All-l" f, , -@q @AMIRIPMVINU PIP@- . . . . . . .IF- -Inll il i@,s,,-- @-p@I --- ,m - Im -j - @--N --,,41@@ -- ,?f: , m!- @,@,,-i" Ij ,I_ -@- g. I A. A@ 1141,I ... i@i,@,@Nj ,@iA -I@t,t6i_41 -@IV14,11 @ Z, I "I -H- -@I 11,@U, -@IA,I,.J@@ @, I-V- 0A , ,i III- ASSIGNMENT OF FUNCTIONS is a vital function that often is available only from the Federal gov- ernment. These are the major roles which can be identified at the national There has been much discussion about who does what to protect level-, later in this report the various Federal agencies that are involved and enhance the environment. The programs of many governmental in these roles are listed. agencies influence action that has an impact on the environment. The The Role of the State Government same is true of many private corporations and organizations. An at- tempt is made hereunder to define the roles of the Federal, State and The State of Hawaii, as a governmental entity, has a number of county governments in environmental programs. A similar effort is roles to carry out in environmental matters. The most important ones made for the private sector, civic organizations, and the individual. If are these: there is general agreement on these roles, it will th 'en be easier to im- 1. Surveillance and monitoring of the environment to measure plement the goals and policies which are recommended and to assign pollutants and identify environmental degradation. more specifically to agencies the various functions and programs that 2. Establishment of standards and adopting rules and regula- will be necessary for implementation., The next section suggests the tions in conformance with Federal and State laws. tools that can be used forr implementation and designates the agencies 3. Assessment of the impact on the environment caused by proj- most likely to use them. ects or actions when Federal @f unds, State funds or lands are used. The Role of the Federal Government 4. Provision of financial assistance to the counties for water pol- The Federal government, through its various agencies, is carrying lut,ion control facilities, solid waste disposal equipment, water sys- out environmental policies which Congress has established by law. tems, and parks. The National, Envir.onmental Policy Act requires an assessment of the 1 5. Resource management is a prime responsibility of the State for impact on the environment of major actions or projects when Federal both planning and the commitment necessary .for the judicious utiliza- funds, lands, or decisions are involved. There is a, need to continue tion of all it s resources. 23 aggressive Federal actions to maintain a leadership role and to correct or prevent immediate environmental threats. The Federal role includes 6. Land use planning is a very important role of State govern- the following: ment. "Intelligent land use planning and management provides the single most important institutional device for preserving and enhanc- 1. Maintain a national overview and monitoring program because ing the environment and for maintaining conditions capable of sup- some causes of environmental degradation cross state boundaries. porting a quality life while providing the material means necessary to 2. Provide financial assistance through grants to States and local improve the standard of living." governments to assist them with pollution control programs and for 7. Transportation planning and development is a major function mass transit, parks, and open 'space. 3. Conduct research and demonstration projects to solve many of State government that has a significant impact on the environment problems of environmental degradation. in terms of air pollution, noise pollution, energy consumption, and in- fluence on land use. It must be done in harmony with the natural en- 4. Establish minimum standards and guidelines for pollution vironment as much as possible. control. 5.Conduct foreign policy in matters affecting the environment B.Support of agricultural production is necessary to maintain Hawaii's agricultural component of the economy in a viable condition. when international waters or international boundaries are involved. Agriculture preserves open space; it regenerates the soil; it can pre- Problems of the environment are worldwide. vent soil erosion and sedimentation; it restores oxygen to the atmo- 6. Formulate national policies in such areas as population growth, sphere. community development, land use, and others. 9. Environmental education is provided by the State through its 7. Manage land resources,, this is an important function of the public education system and through public and private agencies. Un- Federal government because of its land holdings and its various pro- less the people of Hawaii are made aware of m .an's impact on the grams in such areas as forestry, soils, agriculture, and parks. environment, there is very little likelihood that environmental prob- 8. Provide information and advice in environmental matters; this lems will be solved. 10. Legislative laws and policies are essential to direct the various should be selected far in advance in accord with a statewide, plan for efforts of State agencies in fighting environmental pollution. Not only solid waste disposal. does this include the basic laws governing man's' activities in relation 8. Economic development programs of the counties should be in to the natural environment, it provides for resource allocation and harmony with the economic goal and policies of this report. funds to support the programs of State and county agencies for en- I 9. Support of environmental education programs can be achieved vironmental protection and enhancement. by the counties through their parks and recreation agencies when 11. Information, advice, guidance, and demonstration projects they develop their "summer fun" programs and other activities which are and should be provided by the State government to assist the they sponsor. county agencies, private enterprise, civic and community organiza- 10. Other county activities which include fire prevention, anti- tions, and the individual. This role of State government will become litter, urban renewal, and code enforcement programs can help im- increasingly important in the future. prove the environment. Community beautification and tree planting These are the.significant roles of State government, Beginning on programs also help. page 25 we identify the State agencies most directly involved. These are the major roles that county governments can carry out The Role of County Governments to protect and enhance the environment. There are more activities of county governments that have an The Role of the Private Sector effect on the environment than most people realize. Here is a summary Perhaps the greatest impact on the environment is caused by each of the most important ones: person acting as an individual and by the private sector of our econ- 1. Control of detailed I'and use planning and zoning in the urban omy. It is in this area where private architects, landscape architects, districts has equal importance with State (and use planning and deter- engineers, and planners must design projects for their clients so as to mines most of the quality of community environments. lessen the impact on the environment. They can play a key role in 24 2. Regulation of land subdivision and grading is done through assisting the construction industry and land developers to reduce con- county ordinances. What is done to the land has a significant impact s.truction noise, soil erosion, and to provide good quality design. on the environment. Private community groups and civic organizations can instill, an 3, Public sewer systems and sewage treatment plants are pro- awareness of environmental concern in their members and the gen- vided by the counties; these are the main facilities available for im- eral public. This might be in the form of education programs,-a moni- proving water quality in accordance with Federal and State laws. toring and evaluation of governmental actions, or formulation of 4. Preparation of urban design plans is delegated to the counties recommendations. There is much the individual can do in his daily by State law. These plans are essential for improving community activities which will help protect the environment. These activities environments. range all the way from his purchasing and consumption patterns to his 5. The domestic water supply and distribution system provided by travel and waste disposal habits. There is a great need to have pub- each county's board of water supply is an important tool in shaping lished in Hawaii for wide circulation some sort of a manual or booklet the urban pattern on each island. It can encourage urban sprawl or on 11 what you can do to protect the environment." The list is almost compact, efficient communities. endless. 6.The storm water drainage system has an impact on water Unless each ot us has a personal commitment to save and restore quality management. If wastes, oils, and chemicals are allowed to our environment, the battle will not be won. drain into it without treatment, the quality of the waters in the streams The Diagram on page 26 illustrates the roles of the different levels and coastal areas deteriorates. of government and the private sector. 7. Refuse collection and disposal is a function of the counties and Implementation of the recommendations contained in earlier it has an impact on community environments, environmental health, sections of this report will be dependent on a number of actions by all and the possibility of recycling solid wastes. Sanitary land fill sites levels of government, the private sector, and each individual. Efforts to protect and enhance the environment of Hawaii must be all-perva- sive-1 that is, everyone must carry out in his daily activities those ac- *Policy Statement D-1 0 of the Nationa I Governors'Conference, 1971. tions necessary to save our environment. Everyone must instill in imself a "conservation" ethic that will govern his activities sub- CONSERVATION on@ciously or automatically. His concern. for the environment mu'st Federal State e an ever conscious guide that automatically tells him what to do Department of Agriculture Department of Agriculture D lessen man's impact on the natural environment. Atomic Energy Commission Hawaiian Homes Commission Department of Defense Department of Health Irograrn of Action Environmental Protection Agency Department of Land and Natural The Temporary Commission recognizes that government at all Department of Housing and Resources )vels must take the initiative to implement the recommendations Urban Development Land Use Commission icluded in this report. The private sector and individuals are critical Department of the Interior Department of Planning and full implementation, but government must set the example and Department of Labor Economic Development @ad. Department of Commerce Public Schools and Colleges Practically all of the goals and recommended policies included in (NOAA) Department of Taxation iis report are within the authorities of existing agencies of govern- Department of Transportation ient. What is needed is clear policy guidance to establish and meet University of Hawaii -ie goals, recognition of the high priority of environmental goals by County Private issignment of resources to the programs involved, and coordinative Parks and'Recreation Bishop Museum lirection .and evaluation of program efforts. Departments Citizen Action Groups Diagram 2, which follows after the listing of public and private Planning Departments Financial Institutions igencies, shows the resource allocation process and the bill enactment Public Works Departments Foundation for History and @teps of the Legislature which are necessary for existing and new pro- Boards of Water Supply Humanities lrams. Private Landowners The agencies having primary concern for the goals and policies Private Schools and Colleges 25 ecommencled here are grouped under five different major areas. Utility Companies ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES Federal State POPULATION Department of Agriculture Department of Agriculture Federal State Department of Commerce Department of Budget and Department of Commerce Department of Health Department of Defense Finance Department of Defense Department of Planning and Environmental Protection Department of Health Department of Health, Economic@ Development . Agency Department of Land and Education and Welfare Commission on Population and Department of the Interior Natural Resources J.S. Immigration Service Hawaiian Future Department of Labor Land Use Commission Schools Department of Trar@sportatjon Department of Planning and Department of Social Services Economic Development and Housing Department of Transportation Department of Transportation University of Hawaii County Private County Private Economic Development Agencies Chamber of Commerce :11anning Departments Churches Planning Departments Financial Institutions Citizen Action Groups Public Works Departments Hawaii Visitors Bureau Family Service Agencies Private Landowners Private Schools and Colleges Professional Groups COMMUNITY ENVIRONMENTS Diagram 1: ROLES OF GOVERNMEN" Federal State AND THE PRIVATE SECTOR Civil Aeronautics Board Department of Agriculture Department of Commerce Department of Education RELATING TO THE ENVIRONMENT Department of Defense Hawaiian Homes Commission Environmental Protection Land Use Commission Agency Public Utilities Commission Department of Health, Department of Health Education and Welfare Department of Land and Department of Housing and Natural Resources Urban Development Department of Planning and STATE OF HAWAII Laws Department of the Interior Economic Development :uIes & Regulations late General Plan Department of Transportation Department of Social Services e Resource Allocation * Public Facilities & and Housing Programs - Public Hearings Department of Taxation 00, Department of Transportation V4- IVA County Private Boards of Water Supply Citizen Action Groups Building and Public Works Developers FEDERAL GOVERNMENT Departments Neighborhood Associations Lam & Policies COUNTIES OF HAWA 111 26 Parks and Recreation Private Landowners Financial Assistance TOTAL * Ordinances Standards A Guidelines National Monitoring ENVIRONMENT * County General Plans Departments Professional Groups Research IN tur:dl - Public Facilities Public Services Planning Departments Financial Institutions Foreign Policy Me - :de) Urban Design R-n -rce Management Public Hearings Information & Advice Traffic (Transportation) Private Planning Groups Public Comments Departments Transportation Companies Urban Renewal Agencies THE INDIVIDUAL Federal State PRIVATE SECTOR Environmental Protection Department of Education * Land Development - Construction Projects Agency (Public Schools) e Conservation Ethic e Individual Actions Department of Health, Department of Health e Community Actions * Environmental Education Education and Welfare Department of Social Services - Recycling of Waste Department of the Interior and Housing University of Hawaii County Private Offices of Human Resources Churches Parks and Recreation Citizen Action Groups Departments Communications Media Private Schools and Colleges All Individuals Diagram 2: STATE GOVERNMENT'S RESOURCE ALLOCATION PROCESS AND PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION STATEWIDE OBJECTIVES Issue Papers 2 10 Program Evaluation Special Analytic Studies FACT MAINTENANCE Variance Reporting Program Memorandum GATHERING OF Program Analysis AND FINANCIAL PLAN ANALYSIS Implementation of Individual 3 9 Programs MULTI-YEAR CITIZEN IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAM & PARTICIPATION OF FINANCIAL FINANCIAL PLAN PLAN 4 8 27 Transportation Facilities THE APPROVAL OF & Serv. EXECUTIVE APPROPRIATIONS Economic Development BUDGET AND BILLS Environmental Protec. Employment Health Social Problems Formal Education 7 Leisure Time 5 Public Safety APPROVAL LEGISLATIVE Individual Rights OF ANALYSIS & Government-Wide GOVERNOR PUBLIC Support 6 HEARINGS J INTRODUCTION OF LEGISLATIVE BILLS (THIS PROCESS IS A TWO-YEAR CYCLE) As evidenced above, the programs which support environmental The Temporary Commission discussed the issues. 'involved, i.n loals and policies are distributed among many agencies. Several states such a reorganization of State government. The question should be iave sought to overcome the difficult job of coordinating these pro- open for further discussion and study. The Commission is divided as. to 1rams by creating a separate agency, such as a Department of En- whether such a reorganization is needed or desirable. Perhaps, prop- 'ironment. A recommendation of this sort was made by Overview erly used, the State PPB system could provide the means to,achieve 'orporation in its 1972 report "State of Hawaii Comprehensive Open program coordination and evaluation. ,Pace Plan." ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The American Institute of Architects brought its national presi- dent, Archibald C. Rogers, to one of our early meetings to ad- vise the executive committee of a similar undertaking nation- The Temporary Commission for Statewide Environmental Plan- ally. ning owes thanks to so many people it cannot possibly mention them The Hawaii Environmental Simulation Laboratory (HESL) gave all. us invaluable help through critiques, an introduction to an While the Legislature decreed our creation, it did not provide a analysis technique called Impasse, and assistance with televi- budget. sion presentations and the organization and planning of a high- That proved to be no serious problem, however, for these reasons: ly successful "Plan Your Environment" booth at the Teen Fair � The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency granted Us $29,800 at the Honolulu International Center. Mrs. Mary Bitterman was through the State Department of Health. the principal HESL officer assisting us, but Doak Cox, David � Laurance'S. Rockefeller made us a personal gift of $5,000. Povey and Bill Kloos also devoted much time to us. � Three Hawaii charitable trusts supported us as follows: Juliette Public relations assistance was provided free by the Milici M. Atherton Trust, $4,000; Charles M. and An rna C. Cooke Advertising Agency and also by Mrs. Kay Jones, information Trust, $1,000; Samuel N. and Mary Castle Foundation, $1,000. officer for the Department of Education. � We got heroic support from the Office of Environmental Quality Every Oahu television station gave us public service time in Control. For the months of our existence, Richard Marland, in- addition to news coverage. In addition, KGMB gave us a free terim director, gave top priority to commission matters. Other booth at the Teen Fair, KITV provided free recording facilities members of the OEQC staff were Mrs. Judy Blatchford who for the slide show, and KHET undertook the task of covering served as our executive secretary and Richard Hopper who live our public meeting at KalihkPalama. 28 served as a researcher and commission assistant. Radio stations also were generous in announcing our meetin'gs � The services of Frank Skrivanek, State planning coordinator, and carrying news of our activities. KHVH gave us a full eve- -were made available from the Department of Planning and Eco- ning on the air for a call-in show plus considerable call-in nomic Development at the request of Governor Burns, and his coverage. On the Neighbor Islands radio personalities Rick secretary Charlene Len, handled the retyping of the many drafts Medina of KMVI on Maui and Mel Medeiros of KPUA in Hilo of our proposals. gave extended special coverage. � None of the OEQC or DPED people knew the meaning of, a time The printed media also were generous with their space. Both clock. the Hawaii Tribune-Herald and the Honolulu Star-Bulletin re- � The Department of Agriculture made its Print Shop Atailable printed in full the summary of the draft which was the basis* for to produce more than 2,000 copies of our preliminary and our public submission in August and September. On all islands final drafts with Mrs. Rowena Tanaka handling the output. we were well covered and reported. � The Honolulu Star-Bulletin, whose editor was our chairman, Cable Television Corp. of Leeward Oahu through the person of contributed art, photographic and reproduction help along with Henry (Chip) Ellis devoted many hours to helping us-.first in the secretarial services of Mrs. Trinidad Peltier. recording one of our commission meetings for a Ford Founda- � A widely praised slide show used during our August-Septem- tion presentation, then in videotaping the environmental con- ber submission was produced on an entirely volunteer basis by cerns of 215 visitors to the Teen Fair booth and editing these a team headed by Lionel Medeiros of the College of Continuing into a one-hour tape for later presentation. , Education at the University of Hawaii. Mrs. Kay Lewis wrote Many school teachers, students and suppliers pitched in to the script. Jack Kellner and Robert Miller did voice tracks. make the Teen Fair project a success. Among these were repre- Lionel Medeiros and Rick Hopper assembled the slides. sentatives of Farrington, Kamehameha, Roosevelt, St. Francis � The Ford Foundation sent two executives, William Felling and and University High Schools and the Pacific and Asian Affairs David Othmer, to Hawaii to consult with us on our work and Council. give suggestions regarding public presentations. Literally dozens of other people worked on all islands to ar- range our public and group meetings, publicize them, arrange assure that the optimum quality of environment and life style. are pre- the rooms and oversee their conduct. served; and � Many individuals and organizations devoted hours to studying WHEREAS, it is necessary to integrate the development of these and criticizing our draft report in order to help improve it. Some policies into the public planning process of the State if these goals are stand out, of course, but they, too, are literally too numerous to be achieved; and to mention without offending some we may overlook. WHEREAS, such integration calls for action by the public plan- � Dozens of clubs and organizations, also nameless here, made ning agencies to consider alternative specific environmental policies time in their meeting programs to hear us. Some, even scheduled for applicability, feasibility and effectiveness; now, therefore, special meetings. BE IT RESOLVED by the Senate'of the Seventh Legislature of the, � The Oahu Development Conference agreed to print and widely State of Hawaii, Regular Session of, 1973, the House of Representa- distribute summary copies of our final report at no cost to us. tives concurring, that the Governor appoint a Temporary Commission on State-wide Environmental Planning to include: The funds we received will be carefully accounted for to the State (1) The Planning Director, or his highly placed, representative, Government, through which all were administered. They went to pay from each County. for the retention of a national consultant, Dr. Paul N. Ylvisaker of (2) A qualified representative from the public sector of each Harvard University; travel of neighbor island members to Oahu meet- County, nominated by the respective Mayors of Kauai, Maui, ings, travel to the neighbor islands for public meetings, costs of the Hawaii and Honolulu. Kalihi-Palama televised meeting, supplies and printing. (3) The Director, Chairman, or his highly placed representative, To most of us who participated on the Temporary Commission, from the following State Agencies: the willingness of people to volunteer help has been a heartening Agriculture demonstration of widespread concern for environmental affairs. We Budget and Finance extend to all these people a heartfelt Mahalo. Education 29 Health Labor and Industrial Relations Land and Natural Resources Land Use Commission THE SENATE S.C.R. NO. Office of Environmental Quality Control SEVENTH LEGISLATURE, 1973 14 Planning and Economic Development STATE OF HAWAII H. D. 1 Social Services and Housing SENATE CONCURRENT Taxation Transportation RESOLUTION (4) A Member from the County Council of each County. (5) A Member of the Hawaii State Senate. (6) A Member of the Hawaii State House of Representatives. PROVIDING FOR THE OPTIMAL PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRON- (7) A Chairman possessing distinguished credentials; and MENT. BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the Temporary Commission WHEREAS, the quality of the environment is vitally important to shall establish an Executive Committee of five members. including the welfare of the people of Hawaii; and the Director of the Office of Environmental Quality Control to facili- WHEREAS, the early adoption of a strong State-wide environ- tate the handling of its affairs; and mental policy is necessary for the optimal protection of our environ- BE IT RESOLVED that the function of the Temporary Commis- ment; and sion on State-wide Environmental Planning is to provide policy WHEREAS, such State-wide policy must be made specific and guidance for State General Planning by incorporating into State and explicit in providing directions to actions which can control growth to County plans those specific policy statements which assure fullest consideration of the environment and human life styles and to assign COUNTY PLANNERS responsibility to the appropriate agencies for implementing the plans Mr. Raymond Suefuji, Hawaii Planning Director and policies; and Mr. Robert Way, Honolulu Chief Planning Officer BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the Temporary Commission Mr. Leonard Zalopany, Kauai Planning Commission shall accomplish its function by November 1, 1973; and Mr. Howard Nakamura, Maui Planning Director BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that certified copies of this Con- STATE AGENCY REPRESENTATIVES current Resolution be transmitted to Governor John A. Burns; the Mr. Frederick Erskine, Agriculture (A.M. Dollar) respective Mayors and Planning Directors of the Counties of Kauai, Mr. Susumu Ono, Budget and Finance Maui, Hawaii and the City and County of Honolulu; the County Coun- Mr. Hubert Kimura, Budget and Finance cils of Kauai,.Maui, Hawaii and the City Council of the City and Coun- Mr. James Edington, Education (Edgar Hamasu) ty of Honolulu; the Director or Chairman of the State Departments of Dr. Walter Quisenberry, Health (Jackie Parnell) Agriculture, Budget and Finance, Education, Health, Labor and Indus- Mr. Robert Hasegawa, Labor and Industrial Relations trial Relations, Land and Natural Resources, Planning and Economic Mr. Sunao Kido, Land and Natural Resources (Gordon Soh) Development, Social Services and Housing, Taxation, and Transporta- Mr. Eddie Tangen, Land Use Commission (Tatsuo Fujimoto) tion; the Chairman of the Land Use Commission; and the Director of Mr. Richard Marland, Environmental Quality Control the Office of Environmental Quality Control. Mr. Edward J. Greaney, Planning and Economic Development Mr. Frank Skrivanek, Planning and Economic Development Mr. Myron Thompson, Social Services and Housing (A. Chang) Mr. Stanley Ooka, Taxation (Herbert Welder) STATE OF HAWAII Mr. E. Alvey Wright, Transportation (A. H. Kam, D. Sakamoto) 30 TEMPORARY COMMISSION ON FEDERAL AGENCY REPRESENTATIVES Mr. Robert Barrel, National Park Service ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING Col. John H. Bishop, CINCPAC (Lt. Col. Donald Gaston) Mr. Ralph Segawa, FHWA (Richard Moeller) EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE CHAIRMAN Mr. A.A. Smyser, Mr. Richard Marland, Mr. Frank Skrivanek, Mr. A.A. Smyser, Editor, Honolulu Star-Bulletin Senator Kenneth Brown, Representative Jean King, Mr. Raymond LEGISLATORS Suefuji, Mr. Leonard Zalopany, Mr. Hubert Kimura, Mr. Howard Naka- Senator Kenneth Brown mura, Mr. George Akahane, Mr. Aaron Levine and Colonel John H. Representative Jean King, Bishop. COUNTY COUNCIL REPRESENTATIVES CONSULTANT Mr. Dante K. Carpenter, Hawaii County Council Dr. Paul N. Ylvisaker, Harvard University Mr. George Akahane, Honolulu City Council Mr. Clesson Chikasuye, Honolulu City Council Mr. Burt Tsuchiya, Kauai County Council HISTORY OF THE TEMPORARY Mr. Joseph E. Bulgo, Maui County Council COMMISSION PUBLIC SECTOR REPRESENTATIVES Mr. Takashi Domingo, Hawaii Mr. Eugene Connell, Honolulu The history of the Temporary Commission on Statewide En- Mr. James Shinno, Kauai vironmental Planning is short-but full. Mrs. Jackie Tavares, Maui Its first full meeting was May 8, 1973. Its final report is sub- Mr. Aaron Levine, Oahu Development Conference mitted on November 6, 1973, less than six months later. If the Commission succeeds in helping to develop the strong was fundamentally challenged. Suggestions were for sharpen- 3tatewide environmental policy that Senate Concurrent Resolution 14 ing, correction and some additions. )f 1973 says is needed, this will be because of its composition. The overwhelming response also was in favor of an Environ- Representatives from all four counties and the State were in- mental Policy Act along the lines outlined. There were, how- vited to work together, as directed by the resolution, to develop ever, a few strongly expressed objections. Life of the Land, for )olicy. These persons were already familiar with our environmental instance, believes it would be better to adapt the National En- )roblems and the many recommended solutions. vironmental Policy Act to Hawaii. The Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Thus they were able to r@ove quickly to try to hammer out the Association said the proposed environmental policy should be a :)utlines for a common policy to guide the State and Counties in the resolution, not a law, because its form was too general and 'uture. They were joined by Federal and public members to provide a subject to misinterpretation and misuse. HSPA also said the :)roader perspective. They also retained the services of a respected Temporary Commission exceeded the mandate of SCR #14. The ,iational planner, Dr. Paul Ylvisaker of Harvard University, to give Commission disagrees. 'hem national and international perspective. On September 27, as the input period ended, the full commis- Governor Burns told the Commission at its opening meeting to sion reconvened, summarized the comments and heard from its develop something that could be "written into law as a basic environ- national consultant, Dr. Ylvisaker. This started a process of re- 'nental policy of the State ... a comprehensive plan for the restora- writing, first through the executive committee, then through @ion, protection and enhancement of our natural and man-made the full commission that culminated in the final report. E)nvironment." A reference was made above to the Commission soliciting "more" Commissioners worked in this fashion: public input during.August and September. � They reviewed all matters as a full commission rather than This relates to the pre-history of the commission. through task forces because they recognized that "everything While it was not convened until May 8, a great. deal of prelimi- 31 is connected to everything else" and wanted to recognize the nary work was done in late 1971 and 1972 by the permanent Envi- trade-offs involved. ronmental Council, a body with a full strength of 15 that is advisory � They defined the scope of their work as to make recommenda- to the Governor. tions on areas of interaction between man and his total physi- Hearings by this Council developed an awareness of widely- cal environment, natural and man-made. They thus viewed shared broad environmental concerns in the State. their work as capable of becoming an environmental portion These showed a broad concern for the environment, going far of a broader State General Plan, when one is enacted. beyond narrow pollution questions. They showed the holistic recogni- � They decided not to seek more public input (the word "more" tion that "everything is connected to everything else." They also will be explained soon) until they had a preliminary proposal, showed even conservative groups in the community that usually resist a "target" for the public to shoot at. This was completed as 'more government" share the feeling that many environmental prob- scheduled by August 15 after 20 well-attended meetings of the lems are so broad and sweeping that government has to play a lead full commission and 18 meetings of its executive committee role in addressing them. which dealt with procedural matters. All Counties, the State, These meetings provided the basis for the recommendation, later the Federal government and the public sector were repre- supported by the Governd-r and the Legislature, that a Temporary sented on the executive committee. Commission on Statewide Environmental Planning was needed. � All commission m 'eetings were open. The enabling resolution started in the Senate as Senate Concur- � Between August 15 and the end of September, the Commis- rent Resolution 14. It became SCR 14, House Draft 1, when the House sion went to the public as intensively as it could. More details added a November 1 deadline and the Senate concurred. of this are contained in the following section. The Temporary Commission received summaries of the testimony The response validated our assumption that the goals and poli- to the Environmental Council. It also had the benefit of literally dozens cies represent widely shared aspirations for Hawaii. Except in of other documents and studies with which one or more of its members the population area, none of the preliminary goals and policies are familiar. Reference to these further reinforced the feeling that, thanks to MEETINGS WITH STATE AND COUNTY OFFICIALS the great amount of work and study previously done, public opi ion Aug. 15 Senate Interim Committee on Planning ....... .... 15 in Hawaii already contain a strong environmental ethic, and a ruly Aug. 16 Workshop for State and County Officials . . . . - - - ". 75 amazing amount,of agreement on the general goals to be sought. is- Sept. 13 Maui County Council and Department Heads . - - - . 25 agreements are more in the area of methods and velocity of change Sept. 21 Kauai County Council and Mayor ............... 12 than on goals. Sept. 24 Hawaii County Mayor and Staff ................. 30 The Commission thus presents its recommended goals and poli- cies with firm assurance they are widely supported. It knows also that As of the publication date of this final report, the Commission has decision makers will have a much tougher job determining how to get also made 45 separate presentations to citizen groups, conferences, to these goals, but we venture to suggest some ways. college classes and professional organizations. A total of over 1,500 We believe the going will be easier if a law is enacted stating that people attended these meetings. Hawaii must follow a conservation ethic and enumerating specific Commission members discussed the subject matter of the report goals and policies in support of that ethic. Then the destination will and responded to questions on 14 radio and television broadcasts. A be clearly in sight. number of Commission members also participated in a Teen Fair at the Honolulu International Center, September 14-16, video-taping the environmental concerns of over 200 people. Many groups and individuals have provided the Commission with written criticisms and suggestions which have influenced both form and content of this final report. Over 100 people sent in the response SUMMARY HIGHLIGHTS OF coupon published with a summary of the Commission's proposed goals COMMISSION MEETINGS AND and policies. 32 The general attitude of the vast majority of opinions expressed PUBLIC INPUT through these various channels has been this: "Should have been done years ago. But put some more teeth in it to make it work. Too many people. Too many cars. Too much concrete." The Temporary Commission held the following public meetings There has been a widespread concern and support for develop- to hear and discuss reactions to its draft report. ment of an environmental ethic, control and slowing of urban growth, Date ' Place Attendance more public control of major land use decisions, control of land specu- lation, promotion of diversified agriculture, devising more efficient Sept. 5 Capitol Auditorium ............................. 100 public transportation systems and further investigation into-methods Sept. 6 W.aipahu Library ............................... 14 for limiting population. Many are in favor of limiting in-migration and Sept, 10 Wahiawa Intermediate School .................... 35 some see this thinking as a threat to the Aloha spirit. There is a grow- Sept. -11 Kahului Library ................................ 50 ing awareness of the interrelatedness of these areas of concern. As Sept. 12 Lahaina Civic Center .......................... 36 one example, many have said that Hawaii's natural beauty must be Sept. 13 Kaunakakai School, Molokai .................... 27 protected for its own sake and as a necessary resource of the tourist Sept. 17 Kaneohe Library .............................. 18 industry. At the -same time, the tourist industry itself must be con- Sept. 18 Susannah Wesley Center, Kalihi ................. 30 trolled both to prevent its destroying its own base of natural beauty Sept. 19 Waianae Intermediate School ................... 100 and to protect the resident population from depending too heavily on Sept. 20 Kauai Convention Hall, Lihue ................... 41 one narrow economic foundation. For this reason diversified agricul- Sept. 21 Waimea Library ........... ................... 19 ture is seen as an attractive way of avoiding the environmental prob- Sept. 24 County Council Chamber, Hilo .................. 100 lems posed by mohoculture, as a means of conserving open spaces, n t D Sept. 25 Sgt. Yano Building, Captain Cook ............... 22 broadening the economic base of the State and providing an added Sept. 26 Kailua Library, Oahu ........................... 20 measure of protection from the stress caused by shipping strikes. Sept. 27 Orvis Auditorium, UH Manoa .................... 85 While not addressed directly by this report, social concerns such as rising welfare costs are seen as significant indicators that these inter- to be a general acknowledgement, however, that environmental as- related systems are not functioning satisfactorily. sessment in the planning stage is the proper responsibility of anyone In the business community, there is concern that imprecise legis- proposing a major project. Some environmental groups feel strongly lation and rigid environmental impact statement requirements might that citizens should be given standing to sue in environmental cases be abused. The chief fear is that impact statements might be re- as an important safeguard to assure that public and private decision quired for on-going projects causing costly disruptions. There seems makers live up to their responsibilities to all the people. 33 @ . @ @ I . I I I [email protected] V@I,N,%@Wi@@i--.,,f.,I , N,,, .__ .1 .. -,11,Ilp___@ 1, ", I- - v.1 -'@ _- - ,0@7@@ - -, @ ('-i, - @ ,,@I,@ a @111;, ,fg,r@I-,-@y @ ,, @@ _i-kl@ -gg - -;@,,,I 4 -OV, @', @@II @, -V - II- -f ,:v,'01 . 11 @,Oh@lfti,05i-,v Ift W;@,% ---, ." I,@Ipgji ,.,,I,, i@. F,@f -r@-- Flt - "-V. ,--@,. i."q4 TU II -Akv @e@ ,@ -@ uIr"';;'@,,ii., vit@ - @1_ 1_1_1 @ 111"@l F_ vlInI .,,9-, II-i'- -.-@-@l--. @ 7-,,; @,,,@ @,@l,R @ _!, @; "", 44-@-@It" @-41 'I,,, @, _@ , _'I,I, II @ ",@,,,i , i@- ,! -111 , ,,,,, _ _@, i,I,@ 2- @ i,,"@,,-- t w 16 Plail OR; @ui ,@;-,,,@, ,@@jV .k,W _M --,@ @; i,,,I,,@-@" - @ " IV@ i ;, v 'i, I,,I .@, A4," ", i -,,, ,@ _'t ,@,@_I_i @_ -,-IU@ ot .1 AI-; ," , @2 ,la@j - , -,. , i@ II @@ @ i @ @ , 'i 'i@J-_ i4, ,,r,I` 5_1 ` i ,,@II@; @ "'I"; '--z i @@4- 'i --,- IIII-,I-@ 'oh N@ lil I ,14113, - li I. lli @lllli@ -d @_@ I---' - -1,--, ", u@ " @U-v. ,, , - @-OQI_q#p,,@t@_*- I @ 11 I I',--- -, - , - 'iii, ,- @--` j, j@x "I ,'@, @finp`@I@i ,v-,-!,04,1@ ;l',AF,x4,,,Ag-sjl @, "'ll vl@,,mimom M, - -, -, ,,,IK"XF q24- @i q,,. @, , VfMIA@us. ai"a @, . @-- @? Z, -- ,_1 , - @@r@ll ,fv@ -@ F ,- ,t,!-@-?@K@,,@,-,@."F@,-,,@,,;,@e,-g,q,@@@, II,I I@ ,, @11 "1@3@- I-1 @` - I -I if, - @4.qi ,@@@@', Ep@,re,_jk,y,l',;;, @,ljg_ I-1,II tl'@-A ii ,'l ,@ !, @,'C ,, @,.,; 'If IF .,I11 IV -I I,I rN, "J ,, -@-I II ,,,,,@,5 , , @,,@, ,@ ,,-" @-@. 't. __. _,,@@ ,,@.Ii;@- _. ., ,@. t , "; " ` - -I ,1,I, f .01 - @ @-iI , T,@A,-, n" n ii ;0 !'@ -__,ii, @j @ ,@ " @,@lia,j,,, _e,_,, i; ,'._,,@.@,@II @,@ @-@@ 6,7", ,,,'I, @`,,,Sl@ ,,I_@@ -; -,`l @_ @-,@q.U,,,; I"', , @, ,@11 -,'- ,@- I-1 " I il@@,, , , --, , , ,,,-@ @" ""! y 1,,-@ -- @@,,_- I[ T @ , @I @ ,@ ",,"I -." I,,, , , ,@, @ -, I': @@, @,-@ . @, ,2'', ,,.x@,""'2-z' -,";v-,.",,-.@ -,- -@--- ,@f,i @,---.--,@` @ @" @ i @,, ,,j@@ - ` ,,, ',@,,@ , "'; @@ - @I1@ I - - I @ " ,,, @,. ,@ ,-- .,@ " ,:-, - @@: ,@,; "I" , @,2 I,,I, , ,_ 'j-W@@4, ,; @, ",- @@, -", ,., _-l @-@t " @ @I"I,,@ " @@ __ i @ , i @@, ,g -,, ,, @ ,I,-I, , @:'@ " -, - ,,,- @@ @; @ @ @j ; It - :, @@ --,@ @ -, , @,@, i-',,I@,."e' I -. Y,@ - -_,5,@ "', -@- ,@ ;,, - @--1 @@,I, @@,,,I',,,,@,@,@@ - '_@-,'II@- ,,., @@,,@@:-@.:@@-,@,',.@-,:@--@,,,k--@,,@',Z@@,, i C,@ @,-, @:," _',:_;@I@ ,,.j@':g', "@@, ,, , , "71 ,,, _@,@@,,@@;, ',f4i-,' q , I 4 I r, ij, I,, 51 ot @, ik 2 Y,G t @, ii @ I @4 @, ,!- p j'o, , @t ;@; -_F@@f---,@ @ !"; -`@';@,,' @,@'- A @ -`w,i @ @ I , I , , ,,",- @II- -,II-- ': !" ", l -@ ,,,11,,I -- I,@",@,@I I-. ,,-I-,,,- `11 @@ 1@, @' " @ @ @%l "'r,it, , @, - @-@ @_ -., - ,@;-,'@'@l 1: -- ,, I'M-@,--,,, ,@@ @ @ 1@ @@ ,.@ " -", ,,-,I -1 @c.,-,"- " -!If I "@`t 1`- , ,-II@ ,,,,,@l @w A!, 'I'lln'l-', -i, I'@- @, :o:l @ I ,-i ,,"@,@,.,@,,@,,, --,I, ", @ @-@@ "II 1, @@,, ,@, , "i i Of , z,. - T-0 ",,,"I @'l I-,-, II@. -- --W@ -, - @ , ". @- ",f,@ I,-I ;-, IIU'i , T@o;- @ilr" '-l'X,i 9@, !@@ P,w,-@ @R " 1'@ @ @ i 4NO '4 P, ", , @ -5A@","A ",q- @ ,- ,@ ,, @ Lk, - -! I 4'r 0 @ @ @,:V'? il V, , @L fg I't 'i, fx:v-, @ A, , ,x @, @' Is ,-, _@ 1 f, U i @, I o''",--,-,?, ,, -if - a@ @IIi@ ,@ @': 1 W,,-iU, """' "' -11, , @!, -. , , - ,,, -, @:, s" 47 @', @,' , @ ,-!,,] " , " "'i '-': " @ ,4- ,-.@ "', :-,,,4_',@, ", @ , ,- --- ,@@-, I ---@- i_'i @ ,-I @ @ I j,_,,@@'l @ @I ", , ,-,,,, -, _ 6-1. @, ', ", @,- , @, ,g - , --,@II,,. @ i @', . q; 'n, i i,I@@ 5---,-,i f4t, ,I ", V@@ ,, ,.@IA Iiti,- @-I @2', -,, t @ , P@ @@Vr@@R ",,-, ", 4 _. f !, 4 zK141, i,,--@ -Utaf,pw `@, @, _1@@, @j -- :@!,@,-"' _ @@, ,j 1, "It. 1,,@A-wlv@il _7 @,,,, -, I, 11I,,r-,.I,, -II,, @, 5#.@_II @ _13 ,-,@,It- _, ,I -II -@--I", -@,,I -,,-I,--, ,; ,",,I I I@@lia - ,@,,,,,,I,- ,_", _I ,@,, "1,&,j,I,ijl, ,-@,@ij,ni"-,,I, -1"-,,, @@ , @,, ;,-j,,'jF 44@@, 4 @@ ii,@@ i, 14- .- , @_@w,@ 'I",- '14,@, @,` -@ @,,", @--, , X, -Z@),@@ [email protected] .- I, j'z", ,"@ "," -i,,,i@,., .1, @ A i I I @ , , -- @ - i @@ 4" @ 9, -, @ I "i 11f, I -I, @l @ll'-gjl,,@@-,,`P SIU54,@'f@4@ @,-@ @@Ai#A& 1, T, @ , I@ii-,@,@@ ,@_@ 1--,;_- - __ I,"'I `@@i IRI T'!nV,7,L-,5@@T ,:f@P XU, -_-@ I,!@@,.1, ,@ @ -," " i I.' ,@ @-I @ f1d @ @@ ,ff? " I ,., I @ 'I @ , F ,,_, Ge, - , I" I@ @P@VI0i,- ,@ @,%,,,,, P ,_ @A". P,!I - 11 ,@ , @ ,-,in Hgo M440,2-A ,'Ai@yo P,,,, R,,,@, 4 @','F, ,@,,@ @ @, ,,, ", 11O ,I@-- T,y" ,I- ,@, @, 0_`-- III@@I I .." -@-,?, ; , I,"S@ "', iIc, 1, @, -8@- 4'K@1,`@-, - ,,, -I'jV@-I@ @i t I iih,p-1- I II,kji, i, ry. ,Al,l:,M. "'i , I,,, J i, , s'q Ud, @ J;t,l,,, ,?@ ",1311g, f'a -,IZ,l @ ", @,@ @ @'_ ,,I@, , , "@YF , ` ,@@"" ", ,@@ ,"'- .-i - .-_@[email protected],%% @@ @ "I ,I" ,, ,,, VP 'i - I, @@ _- , @M_ :,! 1 ,,, --:, @@ @ @ '.':!@-- ?:Zp,@, - @, "': @@ .@ ;il @ V _11 1-11, "@- I-,--' 1- ";, @, - , '_ -11 , --1@ I @ ,I, @11'4@ @, , @ ,@-1,,I I@'@ n@ :- 'i -, @,,, '. - ,-- -e@I I"I5- 1, ?r-1 "I @@ @@,-"I-,@ , @11 17 @,@f-;, @--_ ,@ I,@@' @' ,@I-,@@-'I@l - il- <11@ _@ @@ -@ , I -1 @,'- , -, ,-I,@,; .,@ -@t@-,,fi ,, X, _@ @ @ j @,II@_,,@.,I',,@" " 1I -@! TII_@,@ @,, _, @, -,w - I 1, x , @ ", 11 -1 -@- - , #F?@I,_ @@," @,. , , ,1,11- ,, @@,: ",-"", ,@-- , Li " - -,,,.1 ;I@ @ @ , " - , " "@- , @ ', @,@ @ 'I @,@@I', I I II.-II", ,,,,,,_,@ -,,I,@--, ,, : @I -@,- @@-,-@I@,@,@,, @ I,,, - -I ,l I ,@I11I-,, ,11,-, -_ ,@,--- ,@@ I.,--"@,i @@,I-1iI -, -,@- Ii I,I ,- ,@ ..-I-@I@I-,,,I,-1I, @ - @ , @, ,,, - @c I -,--II-I-I,., @ @,11-I" I @ II@I@--,--,,,-.,", @ _@@ @ _I-,@,,-I,@ @- I@ -1,"@ --@-,-@,, -,, -,,@@, It " I,-,, ,-,@,, -,'-,@ :, I .I.- -, - -1, -@-,--@--- -,,-', I;,:, "@ , - @, -, @ " @ @ V, " _", @ . , @, " " @ ., ,@ " "-@@ @": : -`@ @ @@@ 4,N , I- I,- @4- III,;",@ @ 4 p@,@ @,'@ .1 - ,- " I,@, t, @ _.-Z @,@ ,-, ;, , -,@4 a @A 0I`,4 , ,@-` @_,- -,,@@ -,,,-,,@V". , , 4@,,-,-,@ 'p- ,- ., @'.-, ,@ --,- ,_@, ,,-,-,,,@- -.,- "@ ",,,, , -4, 'i@ @@ ,-i @,,@-@, ,, [email protected],_-,@,"If, @ @@ ]@, ;Flp ,@I, "' @ -I ,_Ii " , @@ , ,"@ ,,@, i';4,I, :I - , 'Ii ,@ ."', , o,@ @A., -f, -,t, @ _- -_@-:,@,,I c@ --,,, @ -, I " I11 , wl@;@'_`i@tf_,,[email protected]_q'@ ,1;@;...;@,% "a @@_,, @ , i -, @ i ., , ,,@, I- -, @,@- @,, , - @, ., :,:t"@,@'@,,,.@,-,:,@@@j;@""",,@'@,,.,@."@@:, @@1@ :, @ @,'@,@.,---,,,@.,,@,, -, Z @@,,, @ II, --, ,@@-__,,,@_@"Y' " @i "y"ll!,11 - ,, I - -;,:@ @nr,I%@ @-mi:l_,:-@-- ",--,"', @tV @ - I,,I - I, -@ ."'e-, C. r @ ",,@' , -,: ,'@,', '@- "" " @' @: @ , ,,I:,_ ,@ "T, -,,,,,,,!,- ,@,_: _@@_v @ @,@, ,,,- @ -,:,@-I@,@ ,@ ,,@,-N', a ,-,:'! .@ ,,,, .,',il' @ @' @,- - ", 'i "I I @I , , @i.-@-@;14-_,@, i.b,,;,@- , -,,,@@-4-. j, @ - @ " i _@-@-.,@.-,' ,i,,@ @Z;,@ ,'I' @l-,,-:@ i,,@@-"-I,. @, ,- -, @-@ @ @@ ,I II XL@ ,, , @,, ,- '_,@, -d',_ @-- --, -@4n,:_ _. , !'!@@I,@ @- @,"I@I_1 _ ,l-,,,, , , - @, _7@1111 l-, "' ,:-- @` 4' @,:, , @', @@,, <- -"' @ ', ,@,k , , -X, -,,@_ ,:,,", ,,@ `_ '111" @@@,- @-@,,II I",'@ ;@'; @,,f@'..Il ,i,o,@---_l@, @ ,@I @,2, "@ ,- ,,II@,@@'. I--, ,@-oz@` _", @,- @," , @@,@, w, _@'! @! ;- -II,I-,X. " N01 @ IN@Il, "'A@.,@.,@@,.,:--@i,,.,"-"".,@,.,-@,,@,-@,@,,@- - -MA"@.. -4 -,". @I, @ 3 , @, @ ,I'll @ iQ -4 f. iw!"i ijqii@Vj,V,q"i-1VVJ J@IsAi'@If@Ig@@j H'ir_,, ,, --@ .'- , ", -I,,t- I 11 @ @ I @I -, - @," ", , ,,a, , ,- ,! p.,f , "@o @, ,"', ,il"I'll ,jhP,_ ';,@,m@-,,@@ ,@ -@,-- @.-_N __@, ,"-`-@ ,-,,@-:,@ '' @?" - `-, , @V_ ",,,_,@Pli,, Ui@,@. @, @ Z? ". - @, " r _', ;' @ "I @--,@ @ " @ , .,@ h"', 2@, I ,I, ,,@,I,@- , @,,@ ,@,I@ , ",1@_,@,,p,-- @:,3_-,-, ,., ,_ -'',-,,`e@' -,, I@ ,. ,I- @ ,,-,- @, -@@`- ._,Q,,"_ -- @,,-5z,@,@, F@I I, @ I, ,", @ @,' "', --I@ -,_@,@;II,' @,@Y@-.,, ,,,@;,f,%, ", - .",'ZIe __@,--:,, @% ., "- _. -, , ,@, ,.,@,, ._ ,-',!@:@@,, 'I@I@, , --@, @ ,"', ,@@ @- I 1, I @ "--, @A @, @; - ": i z -l",,I' @_,-@ , ,, -".--@' _,jO.', -,_---@I- ,@@ @ , I @11_I, @@@,,-II II @T,,, I--@@,, -, @-,, ...... p ,,@ @I ,@T@,@@,111 I , , " @, , @- @, ,I -', -1-,,@,.-,,, ,@@@1- -ii@'R,4i,"@ -_-, @; @'11;_,li , @, ,@@@"-";@'@'---,@,@@,i,,i-v,@""@,,,@,@,i,,'@ill,@-, `i*I,I @xw- @; ---,.'_ @@v_., mi'-'i@-,,f,,-i ,,,--,iiIlx;-;'ll" 11 ,@o @_@ @;, @ @ Z'@ "'T, I' @ @, I @ @' 1 - -, @", A,;., _-'. - -, @ , , Z@, ; @ ", @, @ i,! @ "'N ;@@_' ill'' I@IIe..*'z4,-'4,@_,,0@ ,.,i -- . . .,- ".-, @. - I -@,,k,I,-.@,,,, ",- - @!P, I., i 'Ll ,__. -t-.1 , @ _Z,6?,@@ , - I.: ,x',@., " "I-.'-' ,@ ,,, ", i'@ @ , ., @, ,,z ,, I,,,, , i @;-_I, :, -@, @`,@,I@,,, , ,,,@ , ,, @I,, , @t i " .,.@I@, -1 czI@:@ ,-, ," ", -1 I, "@ &,@ , @ " @ :, @ , ,.-_ -,-"@@"al 'I, ,@'._, ,,,"", @I, ,, ., -, - i, "@" _ @-, J@,f.,@@-@ -,, Io , t q-1 I @@, I1-1 . @-.,I, -,,,"i I,i@ ,@-@,@t-'@-,,@@,,@".."@,@,,@,-"-,, ,@I z I,I- --If" ,--- II @w@I,@A@', -,,--1, _ @'4,@--', @ , ,Z@ .@,@Y, :_.I--I,-1 '! ,F@ii-51@-@v@ I5 @ I x;,;,""i , " ,- ;1"', @. @ @,@@`@L@; ,-',' ,- @', -''@,: ,_ I,, @, -" , I - @@ ",,@ ", , , @, j@t,,.,,tm,_'@-@"7!g,jj ,,,,,, - @:--@,@,@.@@;,,@@,i,,,,,,",."@.,-,."::,@,,IIll,'-,iI:,'_ .I,,,;@, -@ , I' @@ -- ": , 1, ,,,, ,-@,-", ,@ N UJT @@@ @@,,, "y ! @' I` 1, -, @I, I,- ", " Ile"i ", - ,, , - " , @ _'@I, i-II- I-_. @l , __ @.;,p@'l @@ f, I-1 -, II ., G@ Z@, - !", f @ x , 'I', t,-, " ,-,-' , , '! ,,@ 2" :', -j, @,,._@ - _,i `7i. _%, ,'.@ ',, @,, ,,:@",II@__ ,I-I @I I ,, @ @_ "I "I ,@1__;, @ 1 I,,'-,, ,,@ I @ 1, ; --@,-@q- -,,- ,- @ '5'i", ,-,-I@@I@, ":@ , "i ',,-.,@-ff ..-,@,@,@,, , @ -@ -@l ;", " - -djo.@6--,,@ , @-,_ I -,@-, @ @ , , -@", @ "',-,I@, , ,,I , -11 I 7 'I -_ @`"l I @@, - ";,@ , , _ . @ , ,-,- ,- -, _@ @ @-@ ,I@_ ,:I,---," " "- ,,- @,:, ,,,-@ ,":, @ '@ ':'- ,:-,-@:i ", -@ -, , , , ;@ ,,_-, ,@ - -,,. . @,@ -,4 @@',,,.,'@,,,--6", @-, @- '- -, , @ L :, - -- ,@,% ",@ @,@I11-,_ ,@ ,,@ ,,: @ -, -, -,-@ - I, @ -@ -, _-,@, @l _. .11 4 @ .,@ ;, , I @, - ,.-@ , I@ II @--@, !'F@ ,i,- - --II.1 . ,@'--ij--@- I1,I,-!, -, :_ _ '' @,I@1, "@"@";'@"""@"@"'@"T",'@g@ - _ I --,I-II II11.I@-@ ,- @@ ,z, :1. I,", -@,@',--, @ .,I - ", II,_,-@@ -,- -, ,,-'i.4 ,,, I I,- t,,-,L,,,,' @ ,-, --@ - @- 4i"gi -gg-_'jm';" ,- ,@ ',, @ i@4 'I 1: "i @, ,; -lf@,,, @ " "", -,,, , ,`@ @, @`, I -,,, @,@-@ti - , @ ,@ - 1, I - ,, , .,-@,,@ @@ ,-(,@,f@,T,:"@@,@i@i,,@,.i,"@,,@ !@@ ,41;1@i@ -:-'a--,"@- -, I, @@,71 ., i- , ,@O k; -4 - Wild 4- Z z i M @, " @ @, I,@ I -1 @ I I I I @ I , I- @ I v@'? -- ..- @" --,IT@@ -1 -, 7@!',- -,13-,@@,-- 71 PI,, @@@ -, fq@j 5f Fj @ -I' -@ o V4 @ , " I I',@ @ -p@ -- " *!'@, 'i"Ar, @,Iz@ "W, ,; " @D I'. ,,,@,' , ";,I-, " @, @ @ -@I -,,, @ - , -:, -- , " ", '-@ 'l-'ll-, I--- @ M @,_ @. , p @, ; - 0 fy @, 7 go g@, f ,L" ,;,& f,' j f -iir,`I,f lbep vpmu,A:@-@v:,_og, @@,-j,@$,,,'1@1@ II.1I; A,, --, , @ ,- ,@ ,I ,', _-, ,"," -_@ 11I-,V@ " -- , @@,,,,, "x @,-'@@ ,,,4,-,', @ ,@, @,,@:",@,@ ,@ , _@ @, @ ;,@,, @',',' ,"@ , , . ,,, -oe$@ @ @--L@__,i N- ,@ _@',@'_@, J - @-I,.q`,@, @ @,@ ,,@ @@ @@ "'! ,- ,I,,-e@, ,-, @-@ @, x .g4m - ,-@ I; ; "I,, n,N- -,@,,%?'@@ , , , k@l ,@f@ I,, ",@; -" @ "@@! I @ -F'@-,,,.-I_@@,,tl' '1@ ,,-,,,"i, @,, -,,,,,@ -L @@-,@ @ ,'@,"NI; ,,-@ -@ I,:, @- @@,_ II II,,__:;z i'l ,@-, $,@@,',@@ _-'@ , I' @@ ,,@@ >- @i@ - I -,,t,"h,r @,- ,iv I @'t; -@,,Ultf,i , , --v@., @,@I, @I ,,@ @ f@V:f@ ., I't I, , A I @,-,@ 4,@,,:,WULI V; 'j,y,ji,134@",; @_-,..- @- @ , 1, ". - ,,', @ ,is -@ f@"- ," 1@,-,-,.' @1, I@@,@@,4 -II.` ,@,._.,,_ i,ji@,,'@,!.-,@,,.,,@,,@,@ "@-.* ,,,,, @,4 'IV I.,-,@ ,,,,I---- @ -i4m ,?@@: t@, "I'v, ,4,fil @ , ,@, -,,,uqiji@ wtgl@iP@IgwAa-M .,-;,@ ;, I,,,,f @,i , I VV: M. -1@44`t, 'WA *ff :, "; @1@- iaA4 iI41, ,- @ - V@ @ ,- @,j,A -04 .4v v @ - @@Iuw,,MIizs.gflI,,, -_ ,gvf;,,@ nIA v o ,'@P, -04@ 1, At -Ai,WaPQMo @ x@ ,,, : @-' -,_ ,@ "' _"' I @' - 1@$, - -@---'rg - -, , I-@, - ,1@6,,A " @@ @f @ , "@;!, @-,@, - : ,"@ -,Ir 7', -' , ,,, @ - @ ,' ,, _ ,,'@,.'. , @f", @ @%, ;- - _4 , I, ,@, @, , @ , ,@, @, @ ", @': @cl` @11 P, ,, @ 1,@@ i @,,,.:,"-, ,_14 ,11 11 I @ @, - @_--7 @',- Ic ,-@ @l @@ @ ,I,-- I. -,, --@_@I li'V,_I I -@-, - , .-," I,@,@,, -@ ,,-. , I -1-,@,@- 40 .... it-- ",,-- III II@-,:-1 "@ , ,1,,,@,- __I_-, ,@@"-- - ,@ "c,II,@ ,@ -ml- I- -@ 1I ,-, ,, I,i,CIA _j_limmi, @,,, -I"_, ,@ _, @D @, - "-1., --,,,3,@@ _@: '_i-T,I,*f I@___ L, ,- " ,I @ I`@ @, @ ,,, ", ;@ f",,, ,@'@,,@r., @ -I, 4- @- ,, ,,- -,@I@,II 150,-,,,-";, , -, @@; '4a, .,,_@ -11" " @,@, 2' @ '_,I@ '@ ', T' ,, , '. 4" @@, 'MA, , @i,, @ "L "'i, ` @-'-4 ' ,@@,.'@ a-i-W "- I@- -_.-M,""g,,,,,Sr@'4@ jjlgV"_M@,I;_ I T, ,,, - - j,.-m@ t" @ pi@ ii, - - M I"' ,,@ - M M, -- I I @ u"-I"i'l 11, @, "- , @4"- -11 P' T@ V, 1@ , __ .- .,_,ffi _-,,V,_, @,- - - $M ;",RAMiiA- I'?"- .4"iIi,:@'I'lf i, N:@ N jai-!,@@ I'I ,@iw @,@ @@ ig -1,,-, i i M @, -_11I -I,- @, ,Ii ,i- ,--@,t @ , I -, " 1 - , ;V'y,o @,-'-, -, @ Z,@ I ',-,i , , , ,s@;@ A @@ " @, 14 "t _,@ - ", ;. li@:;@. @, _@to, i@@,-,ik,,'#PA&" ', F- ,,, @l - --pfl@ I, iI,'Oo --", lo @ ,@@! - ,@@ " @@i,iji,l,x", -,@@.-,;Vzj ,I ,@r_@11_'Lnl -4 !o @,:_@-, ,,, ,@ @Iii , .- @, t - I - -I I-,,fA ____, "-,,,- - @_- ', L,__-_,',@@,@,,@,_ ,,_-,___@ ,,@,_',,- -,;I@ r_I _11111 @-3,', I4, , @4@@"'-@f@@@@,@@@@@l-,@'li@@@p@'@A@@,-,'g @ lVin"A'%; -1U@I;@, @l , @P,,,,, @A --X @t, ll_@,i -;@; ,,i @, -, ,, - @ @ -5 . v),; V,, _x,',, -i;-n@,"-,-,-,@_ V@,Iw,@, -': ... __,:@ @,,-@ , , "If, f- ", 16', . @ @ " , , @ "- - " I , @' @-, 1@@ @, @lf" ,i@_'.Z.@Vi,f**"6-4@iafit", ,I' -,@ 'j,,, -,! --;@+MY!fl,,',@'. j @a@ .'-@,,@,A@ 'i ,@ @,@ ,@`@@, @,,, - -" c:" @."::, %iiij- - ,,@,, - @ @ I @ I ,I i@ 41" N. @ I I, '.1 1-1, I- @I-,_,@9@. @ ,,,=@,i I4I,,_l -,, )" ,, - @, -@, ---z ,, @, , -", ,"--;iI;w_:i',,,"-- 1"', ,@.-,.@,:,e --- _bil@l @I'_@i,,',,@',, @-,I_i:,',,@. -,-- ", '4 -'@M- 14 11, @_li_'@-` 11 1-11- @ -,'I@' , I,,-,I,- _.L4@@,_,,@ ,, m ", "__ ,@@ -,,'@IWUl, -_ - I I, I @ I'll. , @@ s; i:@ r6-,',-@,,_lW4vTPi@m 4, @, @,-,-@---@@@,@@@il,@@,@,"i$,@@i,,"i @, .&AW",- @,w @, %, - -%_ ,. f-l-,c ,@-@@,I:Fp@-,- 1, @ ",1, -@ @ 41@ @--@, ,,@ I @, I I--- _ , I, --- @ ',!--_ I - -_ "IlK., -@,@ _'_ , @@, I - . @ @l I '@ ,-- @ 1". .@', I, , -I,,,, I '' @ I-@@ _1,I,-,--,I ,: ,': , , ,-, ., ,,,, w @ _@I,- -,-. @@, .-, @,f @@I&, -- _1 - 1, ` i;@ ?j @1@ @f@ft ilf-VR'l16V`@- V,HVP-@ @@,,@@,;@t@",g,;,a-@@,4,-,@4,@@@,,;,,,'-@ii@@@,@,:,@f@@A-@",,,4@',,&W?,%@WA@_,,@-@,@,@it@@,@,k,i4,-@@@@@q@i,,@"-i@@-,@@@ @,,'@@4;iiii.i,,@it.-'-'-@@,@:@@-.- , .1I, f, K_I- -f- I., - @,--g - - @,I -""-1 -II-__ - ,:!_"-@L,"@,@i',.,@,,' ,_-@ _1 I IIg",,. @@ F"Ay. --il, -111K - -,, @ , @ @@ o", ,!V " , 1 14'1@ '11 i V1, I, ,- ,.I I, ;,'A'-,, @" ,, @ -@ilI-. , @', @i@, k, I,Ii@, ,,@, "'i-Aiic,,@,, ,, @-,41 @-,4 - @ , , @1, , 11. - ., "',-i f 0-@*@., ,-b --,,Zi,I,@ M_ @,.-,',Z@,@_- ,, ,--*w,Ni-_,,_4,-@@i., , ,@-"Z,@@@,@V-@@,@@@,@@,@-,,,@,, xI@I@@ @ I@I ,gj I I -AAA4444444 " ,I@", - , ,,@II @ , , I'll, i-" .- ,, -- ,@ q4 I, @ -f I-_i@zi, 'i J, ,_. @,@@ I @', @, III,,I I I,--- I,"', @,.,iv, le, PV- w j" @ 4--'(Z,-f,., ,@,@@@ @, @ @,-h, ,, -- @, @@-I @-, -,@I@1,@II-, , , ", ,-,, ,p,14 ,@,.I@"I,@@"'i, " ., - ,il3i@@ @-o'qt,fi@41@'@,fs" @- -i_,,',__,;f, _Lg;. Af@, Ix@i;, p @ r UP- S T, , I @,,,, @,I @ j,,@, @2 v N--" 81" - , I6'I@V'f I@@W, ,@,-@ , 9" N @III f-,@ @'Y.l f IS 11 A III - It,'1@ @- I @@ -,@@@,'i,i@@e@,@,@P,@"tr,@,'@@FV Ri M,VOUY' 1 W@l ,@ ,I , _- @ @@ W rn"',_ , _@,vi@@ -0- " --- I .@, @@,-@,@w Hra,.-,,@j. 1- 0,@,@ @,f" _.-III @@_,-,I@11 -1-@l-, _--,@, ,,;",,- ,@ ,". - ,,""' - ," @, ii i i" fi@ E,@ I@I@ .g. s @ @ I ,, ,,, "S@-,IV ,'. Tc-1.--@ @,j f,", '' - @ @ @ --' @ @,, @, @, qI , 1.11 - -I,- , " , @ @ ", - I " -, I- 'A ; Y@ - @,,- @ @. "f@-, 2M"" ,_-- j @.,. O'V@ @-_, Ill I "I I -111.I@@, @, ,@, j. , _i @!_ @ ,.,@ ,4 " @ @-@@,, V @- ,, .@@ " ,?,-,- ,,,,, ." -bf,@@ 4xx.,,U"@ ," "@, ,@l@,`-,@,I " - 04, I @'@ i'T' jil, @li, , , ".,, , "t, 2@, ", @-, , 1@-- - _@_,j - II '_ '.;f1;.114,11 @, -,,., ,,@ @ -@I- ,I, ,I, , @; ", @m i @--rV', 'I, ,,; - - - q - ,,-, , ': ,_"@=_@i --'L W, _ ,@ @k, .,-4,I', @ ,@x , rjj@, @l , 4 4J,I'i@ " i",,jl,'@@ ...A,, - .,OF ___ , @l -i@-- 'N,,- Y,,,@,,X @, ,@ : -%@ -4-,,@-X , , i"iN i,i@ -iff" ,,,@I@@*I,3,W 11"", 1,@@@-@,,x VuV@,FA -,i,r_-., 4 @-,@@"W, VI A"' 11 .@, 1, I - I11 @_ 4I", -_ 1, ,. I @ @ 1@ , U@Z `IIV-`,,Z,Wpr4` @ `1 @I@ 114Z c U I @ 1, I I_n tP_,-@5iij6RN Iiol' t@1_c . VIA,-, _O_D,,@ I ,,, " -;@ @, -".s - I-1I-I,-@II- . I-I@, @@M- ,@I--- ;_V@_,_"PEN -1.11,, @!, FP x -i@,,iA,@@r,i*.i!4@,il,-';'@F?f4,?@"-!,s,t@T@'@4i@k,.Il@@,@@@,,@L@'@@@',A@,@@i @. , 1,,@,- 9 ,I , --i"I"W" @ @, i es 'i", @'. 1,4wA;tiq @ppiu'q I @t ntittif`-,@ MW I, otil -1 1I, FAW ,,#Al.,ft'e--N,_i_@,f U"",@@, , @ti 'v 2,@ @-1 V,_, V,., - @ @I__, '?4I @,@'_-,', @,."F,,,, - " @, WIN"'A-g- -@Z@ ,`j,?@,tc,&','_2,, -,'@` "@m , , @0,4 ., -,M,*@@- ` i alv3j @, @-, @ @ " , 'i �@ I @ , @ @;- ,,,@ i,4, ,'I". , ,", I , 44 ,,@-, ", - ,@ I, ;2, _',,@I,m ll,@ I@I--- ,,,,@-A, - e"i'M",@-, @ @ @,, i@,@ I -; @@l i@, @- I - ;-;_' "': ,, - "o, @ i ,,@@,@,-@ " -, , ", . '.:,@ " '11"', --,I,,",, 1@ "-_ ,I-.I@ JT i-@ pI -- I'PIIII;F@tf-t4i , ,,_i!fAjR'9;!.;,- uqf,_N@ 1. 1. ,I--,-,@ _", ; ,, I--i @r " ,@ @ @ -, ,I'T, , , @@_, , ,,,, I -- ,-,' @- , ,- , ,@@ @. ,@_@@,, -@ , ,,I' "-@Ij jh<@' " -- @@ ;7-,'@@, g- @,, , , ; @ , ,@,;" I @i,'@ , ,-, @,, '. ,@@,@&; ,@t -", 'p" @@@ @'! '' @, @_@@ @@ @ " ,,.@ 2 ,,I @ li 4 .I i s , ,-, -, @ I -@@ ,,@, ,@ ; @,-@ @@l ; @ x I , " @ -'i ,q j @ @'i , ., " , "4 , @- @ @ @ , @ 1 - ,:,j ; @ " , - , @ "- - -- ,- ,@. i ", ,@-' " -, - ,. - I-,$W_ - @.I@ I @@' -@ I, - Il'@ , ,0," @ " - @@."I I@-11,@-:_l T@ @, -@ -'. CN4 ", @ ,_@;_,oi,e'W'' "t,I "'I, -441" "@, "@4@,@'Aiv,@-@,,@.,@-4,@ll-,-@'I'n @-@,V.,,,@@ If _@,;@- "- -@ i,,N-@_ ,--,@-i , f'," @@_'@,,@@ ,"'' -1 I- @z '-' -, ,,- : , -, , ,I', " I; r "I 1@11 I --,--- @ , , , , "- I ,11-" @@ , @111'- _,"-,@ _@,,_," ___ 11 I__ -, ,_ ,.II @@,""', , -p . ,,, ,..,,@ I,@,@jz44".",;,k@t,-"."A",@@,@@@,@,@-,@,,,i@@,ttk', -k%%t@-@lv-z-,- ,@,W@ _ ,, ,, ")0*,-@, .,f,,mW,l -_ ",,@,i,@,@A,;,*tt@@P,Zll@i,),A,,,i@@0,,iZ,i@,f','@t,@,@,@@-@l,i)@,@, -,2,_-_q@-_J,_1 -11 - ll_`_,@ @'l,i,_-";@@Wu@-,_w", A",@- " ,- ,`7 , '31 -,II@II I.-@, VJIM @@C'tq-I' Y@v@ -" @,-@@ "'-''- -&- "I %:1 ;,, 1@1 I 'Ni' ` -;";I' `@Ii '@ @q, -;,,,@@',,@@@,@@-,@,,,@@-@;-,A@,, ,@;i,@,;:@;@@t,',-@,,,.,@@;,.,:@,, .,z - '- @ -, v, -, ,I; .-I -YA-@,, @ "", -":, ,'I j,-, @@@'4, @', 1-11 @- " _ @ .,,- i " - @@, -,- @,@-l -.,-'@,,@@,,,@,-Z,.@,,@"-.,@@@,@-""@@;'@4@-@"f?@ -, , "I ii _. , -,;@ i,-z @ i ., !-,-@-1111- @-@%,@'_J_'-" 1@ @'1',@ _,qP,. "@15I @I ,, 1@11-, 'I. ._,"'4"T'@i,-,", -1 1-11 .111@'_1111@ ',--,uII@ff ___ _,6@,'@ie--f -, , ,--',: " " ,,, @@@@'i';@o-,',@i @I@- O'din-, - --p -; ,- I@' -@"@`,' -I@@l,-, - ,---,I,I---,,-, @, _@- '-f@'r @ ,@,," _: ,,@ @',,` --';@K'_@@:@- @@- 'i, ,@,@,,,.!I-,--,n@Zi' '@ , ,:,@, --" ,@ a .@@r, .,@ @;., ,',6:-'3 -- ", - y, ,,-, , 1, @` , ," 4, @ @ - , @' @ @ " , " " @ I; @, ", "; " ,", " 4 , " @, , ,@ i, @ -I 1,1, - __ -. -,@@[email protected]%*-_A@'l jp@ ,,@,, @@-@@ ,"I", , 1, , " " " "., @ i,@ ,,, @'j@@-@- - ,,,,,@;-,-,I @, @ "i @' 41@-. ",,"" - @l"" ,@@i 1- --"O@-if-; -.@-@,@@@,,f.,@@-,@,'@""5,;i@r"t@,,@,@-@,,@@,,-.@@,@,.z-@y @, .. , ,,, _- ,,, 1 "" , ,,jp, , ,I@-f'. -,- I-U'@ , ',' @ @, JA I,, v,-t@ " ti -4 @t- t,,@'; @ @"@ 4@ 41@@l -, ,,, --'@' @ '- 1@,- , @,@qr, -,,@,-, @,-,,,@,f,tl-*, "@j,l_ @ - ', @',; ,V,,;,@, @ .,."! -',,i , , " , I, - , ,@- @",. - z-i, r@,A i IM", a4 I", , " i 1,71 '@,_ .Lal U917t; ff , ,I,, @ 1-,@ " @,,@ ,,@,@"; *, @1, _@ , -- - ,,,, ,'ft' 3 I''" I--- .-ff,@,',,,, if '' _-."", 1-1,@-O. ,- @.-@- II"I', i@"Jij*-1, -@ @l N, 4-Uii @. -,",@Jl. ,f-`",'- Kip ,,'@;.";,.i,@@l-z?@@Ll--."'@,@@@,,@,,E4@,',-,@,"I"-,,,@'4@@ @"', @ , "I --,I"s- ,_@@: -1; I", @@l ,, ,,--_,,,I, @ L ,', ", ,.- I I, ,I_@ -, M- I ,, @,!- I---l_- - 1-1 -,_@ I - ,- , -- 1 -'- -,'@,", , "' , -@ - '' ,;,@ ",,@,@ I,,@ ,,@@ -, I 1@-@, ,- j @ , ,,, - 4"', I' g'A'@ .-O, iIz i " -,, @ -, -,.,", @,@@ ,,, " @ Ii 4_` @-@, - ,,, . , , , @l - ", , @ o 1. - ,, , , " I 1@ , @ , , @-, " ': ,,,@ @, ,@ - ,,@ @- 11.11, s@14-___@ , , - -,@o - @,_-,._ji, J, ", *', @- -@ , , ,,( _1-,@ -_,_,-----f_l I @@ -@_,,'@--_,,-I " - @. I,_ @ _,@,I,",,o Z,qIto, ,@_-@ ,l @ -, & ,, ,f - , ,, -, , @ - , @ , , @, -, @ @ @ - - , , , , , @ @ _ v! ,I @, . 1, @, , , "", I,-I,@ -,,,,,--@,i,-@,:;@,--@,',',@-'@"!-,@-@@,--v,F,@p"@@@E', '', @-F ,,, V,;- @,,I,." , I ,,@ - " @, ,@ @ -@ , ,q @ @ 3i,"!", @ @ @lp@wf ,,, pu -1 .1 . lt@ I @,_ ,@-, I,I- `@' 1@t,-,,@,11'31 - .fei@@T, -@_, ,,@#@@;I ',-,,@@ @ 4I,_@-@i,,@ -,@, -,f-4@ ,-, @tt---,A-@-oiv I-, fil ',I--,@,,o 4-,@-@11- , lt, " ""j? ...I1,I- -I@ 1-1 , , @@ , ,@_ I ki j ,. ; 1@ - @ @, -7, , @, 1@ IIJII ---III-I.- ,, '@ @@ 'i -,-lI,PfWlq?T@,@I@T @, @lI ."I,-I,, ,@, -', @' 1, @" @@, -., @,o, @_ ij . " - (A,:, ,o@@x'@_@-'-,-@-, _%@_,- , -I-@ , '1@ , @ -3 ., .- ,-@, " @ @ A- :@, _7, ,_@, , , , , ," x , @ -,,,III ,, `!"_;-@,,_ ,-@ @,, @ , , " X; !.'@' @;. ,1. I -- @I,;:_ , , , , @' " x, I, - -, @': Z; -O I-,: ,-,., @,-I , "'"It g-T,"", 4@ @, , @, @ I,@, @- [email protected]_=-@i I`I@ iI;@'. "A-, @ ". - I Al @,, ":q@ ,@@,,,,,I, , '@ I- " , " @- , - @ @ I I -@,@ , " @,", ." @--, ,I ,, ""fo", 'k- @It_-,-_, , , , . @, ", -,"',11",l@', L"@,@,-., @- ,@, - 'I'l-@,_--C, @ , I- ,@ @I, ,@,i, "". & ,-A @l i wl @ @ I ; i! , ,0?-@,@ , , k, d -, ,,, @%Njjr,i_il I, @, @ ,_p, 4 ", , " @, 4- -@, @_n@a,_, ,'@, ','I, ,,, "', -, @' .i@ _M4.1 i", , I- ',I, ,,- 4i, @l 1 , lk @ - ll@lI. "I , -@3_ , fl,- ",`,@'-,Yl g'l 414f if,,,, _ li ,@. -@g, ",,- 1, .,,- - - - -mm , III @ -, '-,' " ,X,@'r,,-- @I, - ", -'jd '44 -- ," ii 4ihs - y ,,;@P! O ,-, O&M 3@,i_,3C-llAl_l'yffkl'l mogif.24:,"i , @, 4 @ @ I' - s - I'Y@@P@ @1@ I, .", , @ W1 @ @; II,4,nl% @@,,,'@Pjj:JI4,a@l p"f." ,If,, i, -`iU%PqNW gqlj@,,X - I,,i'V- ,I ""', , ,@ ,. _- " -fW,, , , @ I--- , , , @@@-T @, - "@- ;, ,@ , " -, -- , @,I,K @@ @Vpk-, @_@-R" @,', , " - @I -,..... ., _-` ;,I " - -@ x-, ", , ,, ,- i @,@I @I I , .- "I @',' .- _@@' ,@ @ @'O, @@,4 @ , .',@@;@,@ '? -, ,@'i, j@,@V_@ " @ , '@' I, -, ,p @ ,?"M-@@ x, --_- I -P,@",',Ils,@t@it@,,@'@4:,I@i,@,;@I ,,@@"@, -_ @ '!@@p,,I@III,_,,', @@,I,. @-. -;- , .1, -I, 1, _,i @ N -,, @ , "_@-I,'@,jf@ ,@@@,@'.1@,-@@'Oi*'@gi.@-,I@,4,@, _ ,,)"-@@@,@o,@&,_@I,o_-,@ .@, -., , ,@,,@AT f @ T,4 i ,,, @,@,,@@"4,r -,"-, '_ -...@@ -I ,I@ - , -,I ,,, , 4-.- I , 11:@, ,@ ,@ ), -" 1,@",,I :,I; -,@';@@ , i.-A, @i J, !@@ i @ i , ".", , @ A4 Z. @ I@ i; j 1,@,,i @ -,@, li, _@@"" @ " __' `,@_ ,"'Z4,1,@,,@,,,, ",l 1@,-,i @ 4 '- ,,, @ @, - -,@,@@ ,. .I,-, - A- M, i@_I s - 4@,_'J,, 4 ---_,@@l-_@,f ", @@ @ _@, ,I'[email protected]@ :, @ _@@ @ , A ,,,, @' , _@ ,,, ,,, , @@1, ,,, jivmi4, - , @, @", ,`@ II,,, @, "" ,@@" _ @, , " z - 1, @t , --,@14,,@ ,", - , @, ,,I,-@, --,@-.i@@ _,,;2-,- @@ III @,-V4 @ @ " " @ _ I, " _'I", A @ L't -@,- - Q!iki,iE@@'j- ;,@.j,f,g;4,-P@@ SY4 =-!@-o -WA -,@ Aif." 'i@@@,,@,@,-,,,-@-i,-",y,'@@!@@@@,--@@, -I-;@ i @ I- ,---'@ ,-"-@@ " , _S, -_, @ " , , " @ , @ , @ ,- @'r- ''I @'! '", , ,,,,, -@-',,@,@:,i;@@,'-@s@,@4,@@,_,,,.,@@@@,,@,@@,@",;,4g24, @,@,, ,I .I,@'_,,If-lrV40-,?q,@4,i ,- , "-, -, I @. A. - @1, , @, II, -,, -_ __ @ ___-, , ". - ,,--,1-1 @I ,II A,@!@'@ e@ x- - @' -@ @ :,@:,@ '-;;,-@@ `@-@-, " "@-@V_ , f@ _-,,,, "@,, -,,7;4@ @ ,,,, - - _,_@,-, @ . j, @-,- ,@, ,@'1"4",@,Z@-_@@@3;@@,_,.@,_,@, @,_@@.A@ .'@7,-,@@-'.,',,:@@,@','@?,,@;,@'@,'@@+i@,,@@,e @,Ii.,Iakw,Ou-M,j,@,-@ @, , ,_, @ _, ,,I-I@ @@,@ - " ..,,,--, _ ,I , ,,,-_I_ I-1-1111 11 I- 11 I 1. "'."I--I@= ,,- _-@,-, ,,,,, I: I",'1', @ "I, x -,- I - , ,l,", , J, @,_t_I,- I I @-- @, III @ ,, " ,@ !_,,r1l- ;- -,'I :. @ " -,-, @, _ __@_ I -."@11,111,1,i__ -@41'., @',A"o,'@f'k--,17,-@'@,@,; , " @I;, , ;@ @ " ",,, w "I I ,_ -, @ ,, , _.1 ,2,'_,@,,@&@ 1.I- - - @ .@ 'k , @`, ,'$l @ @' @ @I-, 'I -,,,,. 1@ I" ": , :__ ''-@2- @ -,,-., ", @ ,, I,, -,,I,,.I,@ @@ -, " :@ _" ,,@ @@,,-,", , ,I-I@11_, @', " ,, c ,,@2 III@, - .f'-', @,`@,I, @ -.@a""",ii', @-- "II @@ @ @Iii'_$@@,,A@&I .- ,."", @',,@ ;" _,,' ,y': ",f ,'@, @, ., @ "'; @ @, , i " &,-" ,;j Z,i," @0 ff .@@. $@ I@i .,,, "4A" vqI .. " @ " - 1 , , @ 7, ., @ " -,@-F-V@ 1 ., I,- "I -@V @_, I --I W , _@@ .k @@,Ve4I,@@ II,,_ I_- , 11, -I 1, ... II- , 11 II _1 , @ ,-I@e- ,@@,,.@@,""''r'@"I'@-,@@@--,O,-@e@@"-* I',' , ,,',,z , "" !,- @ I -1 I@. @- ,I ,-,, @@@ @ll,!@- --,@-I, ,@@! ,@. @z @ @V--:'-,@,,Vj'-,,'_- - ,9@il,, ;,- @-;,@,,-,@@ '-@"_`@ 4",@lcr %4;',"@@'i- _'@ @, ,, ,!, _,@,iAl_I,@ @@ 0-IIIzP@ , i , I Ily,@1@1 @. ,c -- _ I III@@%I ,-.,___ I---, I I,z11 -_ ,,, -- -@ If _@,,,,III@,,'I, V @,' @... @ - " ._ @ -@ - -.- - - -'c ,.@; -, @-_@@ -_ @ilgll-,,-11- - I ,, I --,,@,',@, ,.,S;-@ -@'@,@,@,,,@,,@-i,;i4@,@@,@-@,@,,,-@,,,,,@,,@;,-@,,,@,,, I ,,',,@@,,",-,,@','4,-@@@"-l@,@@,@-I .""@--,:,71@@;,-,,@'@--,@,@@@@@@,,, -, , @ I @ ,,I",,",@ ,, ,I,@._,__ -1-I"@l-l"'W'_ 1, -, -",II@ , 1,; -, @; , , - - @ -, f -, "," - - , - @ _-, .@@,:-,i@--O-`---@ - --- I,,,@ 51,3ii, - @ -,, , Z, @, j _@ -@ ,- , _Q&111-1- I..'', ,@,;, " . I- ';@,., ,, ,-,@ -_@@@:, , .1 ,"-@ 'I", __ .,,:-@' I,-, __ 14` -, , ""@,,F. ,,@ ,@ 1 -@;@i; @', ",. ,-@,--,@-- f, - @ , @ @ " @ ,@ - , , ,n@ 1 -4, @4@--:, ,-'.,--I& ,,@,,; @l __414,1@1-'l 11 -, -'j, - @ :,,@ ,@ @:, @--l' 1_ @* @, " @ ,,@ @, "', 1,@ @ ,, @ @1` I 1, - -1, , I --I,,f", -1 _;@I@ -1 , x@,-,--,"I I ,II-.1111, @I,I @ -- -1 @ ,,,- @ @@ ",,-, @l @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ,I i , I -.11; @`,--,@@ @ @: ,- , "i-, _@ -- ,, @@ @ ", , , ,'. 11 i_ , , ,. ",, -F,,Q',-,,,@,@@,@, _.,4i'@ ,., @,,- ;@, , @,, ,@,i @ i,;@,, - ;i,aq@'; '_-, @@ i@'k" -,-'I ,@ 't", 1@, _@,: -., @, @_,, -, ; i -,'T ii, `V@@ix_.,fl. lf@!f:,I`TV_,@',_,@ 0- , - i,l 1,`@H@ -1 ",-,t "'u", i Ls, fi@,-, .,,R,f 11, +. 41- _i@, iF."@ , I @ f @,@ f? @', @ I, 0 - - ,- -, ,I,@@ " , , @ @, -, I k @ I " -4,ii 0, @- " @ @I,, ,, _w, @ I,, 4'-f", @, @,;@ "I,6@_@-. -@", _@- @ @"-@-" -@ la,@ " ',@', __,@ z,__ _,@@-,,- I_,_ -a ---I@-I- @, I _@,N, ,- @_ 7j,"i""A"P91:,@,II@ -@ , @t@-tf@ "Vg";I't"@,@l@t'@z,,',,@@@@@,L"!-"t@ki,&-@@@,@', - ,;, S,i, I,@"i'' @ @-, - ; @, ,, @ia ,@A1, I@@, i9i," @ _,__ I. '' @@,@V_'Vpm, @T@-tII@i@k4,1@14@v-, @ @l ,,.,, ,Ill 1,- ttt@Vj'42,4,4,6#vfa@-,,, @,@ ,,- .: @, #fiIaI ,q ,,@,, O" @ A @.,,II , I,k I,@,@,IjI._ @ " H@- , I,11 I1,-1 -%,,, @,-;@-_--, , I', "ii -, -Ii @"",@ ,I--;@ -, ---, @-, -, - - vf@ @ 0 i; t,'A" S ,, - q @ , --,,7@ f, @ A , @ t - @ 2 i ., I,,--,- @,@- ,'@-'---- ,,', @,,:,-_ -I @_,@,"I,,;-, I@I I, ,, @I 1, ,i-'-',, -- -, ", , --:;,I, :,@,;,,-i-@ I ,I:@"@, "_1 J, 1.11 ,@ , 1@1,:l '11, :,@, --'-,' @,.,-,@'lk',,@, Ill ,,t ; @ _,_ ,S,-_ , @t ", "-4@I@,_, ,,,, @-@'I,, "@,,,, _t,'_ _-,,, ,;,@@ @@I, :@'a,,.,;-,@@- @@& ! @-, , ,-@ , , I.,@ .@ @ @-@;% -,,,-,,, - _1 ",;_,- , -',I,i@ '_-f.j,I,% @uP@,, " __ , , ,,r@ I ll.@ @ -__ 1, "; "-I,,, @ -@ :,,- '',,, ,I,;,I @-I I,- il I -.@ ` ]i@' '.i@ , , v",-_";@@',-.@@4 @,@ -@ -,-'f@- -- '--- I 11 .- j ,- -- . e - - @Z @3 I@, o-,v:,@,i4e`_-@oii4,,,- -, :1 1@ if ",@... 1@,., @. - @ - - ,_ Z", @', - ,_j@' @ @, -,',-, ,@@,,@V@- 1, -If., Cri-I -, "I, @", @ @ @ ,,, ',`:I:,@@'l @ !@ ""l-@,,,',r!a@",:.@,@,-,@@-Irf"@@i@,@ ,@ M", ,@ !.,f@@', @. -W@@I- -.@---Y-q ,,'..l_--'-'4'.,q"F '@i@,,7 ,I,--. , -,",, , ,.@,,'@@?,@,-@"@e@f,',@,.",-,"@@@l- -'--,-',@_ @I, .'' .",-,,;_R_,2 J @"-- -,@ "@-@ ,,-1 -": "@ ;,-,- _@" ,- _. ,,,---, , -, "" @.- ,p- --l-'.1 - , "@, @ " -@@Z_ ,,I @ @, @ ,-@ ....... @@ , .@ , __@,,, `,,@_ ,.,"@',-,x_-, - @@:, @,-,, ,,- @@e_ ,i,@@.',Z,,@ @-'Av-@ @If! 2"@,I,@aaafA-,mi @,@;,,@@,i@,@,-,i-"'-I,@i,.,ik@g"-""@-, @@_ *il-.,:,-.'_'v,@ @@ft@,@,@',@'8@,@@,@@@XY-'-,*4@-,,%@,f@,@',@,@@, ."@,@@iA,Ri,@,A@--_.@,rq,;4ii@-,-O@@,,@@,--l@@,@AA@@i,@-L@,@@@@@vil@-,,@'. ,!,4zI,@@z@@,,@i,,@-Ai, II-- ,@, - , _- ,-, , -I ,"`II- _,,@@,'T 11 @_-@ ly@-I@I@- @ _; !,I, - @"!". "? @, _ " -,, @@ " ,- _I@,; @ -,,' @ ",- @,IIIIT I11 .,,@, @,-., @@ II , ,- @, - " ". I, - ,, @, @ @ @ " @ I 7, -.',,, ,, @ " :,@ @ -,, 4 @ @ X, -I-%, 'l-,-@@, '',-'i, llt'@','..-_-'- .',,, @, @ ; I!,, 4 11,1 @, @I-,,, @I @- , -i,@-,@-,,@,-'I-@":""@,-@,:@,,., @ I , @,,-,,,,",.?,..,;,,__ ", ,,,,, @ I @ -,@ ,,@ Irt , ,,@ ,@ ,-, ,wI,_ -, @ III II II -, -,I,',l-,--_ ,,,@ @-_-- 1:'l @4e", , ''-, , ", -, ;, I @ @,,-@ @,,,@-,;@__'@,,_,@ @_,,- I'll ,-2_,@,, -" ,,-4,, -I@@ @V,- -@ 0 ,f I,'p, , - 1 @ I@,, -@,; I " @k, -,21 - z II,4 11 .R", @; @ -., fl, . @,_l ,,@,t,, f@- @5vb'@, 1, @ - @ , @,4 ;;_@ @, , -,@1@, I " , ,,Vi;;,I; J ,,@- .if ". @. ,ii, ;""I, I@,J,@ Z @ @ @e @ ,p ,@@; @"Ve I,.I .@i- @l . - -@, @ ":,@, , ,I @ - , , @@ @ pItfl if , " @ - -, i c e _ki,@ ,l,W-g,l:`i@X- ,.,,I;, ,,,,, ,`9 , @i,, @ @ -, , .84 ,@ _,@@-, - @, f"., 1, @_l ,*-,A -,,--V@, ,@ ,I,, -. :-@, ,'@@', , @,@ @Ic "Pl7f, @1_ 1_@Nl, @_--1- ,II@ 1-1-@_ -I w ""xI -"I,. I, I,- --, ,@@,,,,,x @_,, ,-,,I-,:: 1-., ,,@, @_ '' ,@ , li -,,,-,-,@@la-4,@,@@.,@;@,@,q@@,-, " .,,I-, '@', ", 41i, @', c i @ -- " - ,;-F `,`@I,:,@ @,I I,@,_i- ;, @,, ", @l f-', i;io'i, @, I: @-p', @, i-,". 'i --, nii @ i, - , , @ - ,,@ x @, I" " 4@ -__ , ."i p @I, I,, , @ ,,, -(. @,-t ;,;,, @ , , , ,,'- @ , @11 ll@ @',_@ - I- "@@@k@ I-@ I11 I, 1, --'_ '@ , -1 @l,,-, ,, i,@ @ ,, 7,@ - @ , " @ "311- 4A@1,1@1.,_lqe, Ue-Via- ,- -, , @ _-,@- -; j..... I'v- - _, I-@@,"@@ , _" ,"@@ , @,,- ""-.@,; ,- -,- _ '_ , p-I@@', , ,f@,_-@@-- @ -':@:", --@,j-._;@',,-.`,:"'_',A,,I` @l . ;, - , --;Ai -@@-'i ,@@ -,, @ @ ,@ i,',J'4' , , i ;@- , ",- @,P -- , ,,"4,,@,.@,@@-,A@,,@, zc -@", "-i j,@ @!,?@ f, ,-@-_ @,.--@'- @ ,,-1- -1-1-L@ 1 ,-, _: ,@' @' -, , @,.` : , @,, " , " .,! @,, ,', - @-,,, -@ @` @_ ,- ,,@l , @ , ,k@- " -,@ " ", ,,- _`, - I, , I'I'll", 11 I1.1. 11 I@ il,yk, @ " A , @ @-,-@""r", @!, A _ r- ,!,-- ;",.: -," ,@.@ ,@_._ - -,. ,-I-@ "4'i'_ @k@ @, @@ @,4 @,' . @ , -,@@,@@@3@,'@@,4,,-F'@,-'@-@@',@",o@l,@,@@,."@'i@l-,,,z,,,'@f,@I @Alltll-,e@@@,,.,I , .... ;@"; : @, .*J,,-@I,7@,.-, V,,ptft'.iq.,'*@' @@-@-,,--@,,,,I@i,@,,,,@,,Iiv,r@,,@11,1@,@@, -,@2$@,@,@A@,,'-@,@@'.4.@@,@'@"';;@,@.-","@,@@@,,@ @... , -"'" _,,,i@,@ ,@ @,Ij@ e-' -@@,,I,@Iq@@ _4-@@,,' .;, @;,@V,o@-ICWR%Cft,3 n; i ! li i @,"@!M@,,, --, @'I.l @' @1'1' @ - @,, ,, @ 1 @ , I ", ,Nook -I @@i-j,,.Klf-, -4,@, , , ", ", Lf'.1, @":@:W:,@;O@ II,@" I,, i@ - - @., @ I-,I@. 11", @ @,JI. @'@ "I I'I., -I @ I -, 1, -li ,-@----_,_ ,`r %,_ -, --_ , - 1_., ,- 1@ @ 9@ ,'@,,"__ , --- @,,,@@"-,,--@@-@@-@,,,@"t""i@,@@@,@@'@@@""@@"T@, @,@ --,',F@@-Ic,-, ,?-''I.I--g",@L,Z@X,@.- T,y' _'-,@@ ,, , ,@ ", 1 4 - " 2 4- iJ A f; if, i@, @l @ I fl@ @_ul.',i @ ".@; ,I -,Nl@ �, W c. , Q_ "'N, @,-, M- @@ii 1, @ P, ,'@@ f @ @ 0, -, , @ I: - k I I I, "is I9, e,p" @, @i.,*, ), V2@ p@, -'_@ ,,, i.'J", @@,N, @,, @i " @ .,@, , ,, , , -, ,- - ,. @ ;f @'i@,;@ -'31'i'- , " @,1,1@iIIIV.@,'- -.4"i,II -,,,11 -1, -,@','-.-,,;i@,,@,,@@_,,",'- ,6" 1@III,,@ .14I" @.-, ,_',I,@', 11II,III -,-,_ ,,@ @@ -_-@,-tIII, " @l @ , , "" , , ` `@ @ - - I ` @l - I - @l @ - I--- -1- - i -1 , " - ,I, - @; I-""," _',@_%,-@", ,, _:_I11 I,@,@, , @ , , @:-@,, @ @,@, .@'i' ,-11 , @ , --,4@ _ _:, I", - -- - - "-'@_@j,'-,,.,.i., ,- ,@@ @ -, -,,*,, -Al- @ @ -'I @ - ,@ j@ 7--i-j" I'- "i" @ , @ , ", , ljj@._@I,l, - z@i--31",--@ f2i,ii,1 _,_-i,i-,,_k@, -ai,-,--Qfi, A@i@-,,V ,,, tik @ @ ,, @I-. @ I,`4 a MV a WWRW@b, iG E'44,j a@ V,11W, Q Vim 'up, ,@_ J @, ,,,, @ ,J@ Ii, .- b-`ii4"@ I@-@,!,,<v, _,, , i ,-- _t@,,.-,*,,-.,.j,,,,,.,., @,-Q "I @'@_V.01 i@-WAO @Hi,t`iqyt@ -E,V@@%@-V.e,k",,z@@@,@1,1-z,,5-@9, IWVJ@V@@4 *P , , - @ c", @ -,,"I, 4- -'I,,',f,'r ,I,.,,- , @ !, ,, I--- -4 - 1@ , ,-., " @4@, ,, !.@',,,@,,o'--., @,,,-,ja .-,--I-Pi@,@I@,-fm@t-.],@, a@y;"@'x3`gvg,j_ij,@i @@@,,,,-,,,.",@,@-@,t@-,:@,g@,@,@@,y@,@@@,@, "_,,'.t@l:,- @, ;--,@,I-1, @11,-@@-,-INO " LIU II6@ "I I--- ---_', - , -,- ", V@,' II@,,,, I4 @'@ ,@ 1_ @ ,,"" "@ @@ ", ,, @Il@ - Ii I Ul 4@ -'-' -,", -"; I.1 @ @ I- -,@@ - ., , -!!@,T, @,@ - @, @,5@,,,i I, -@,-. @ - @ I_1@ .i,,-I---,;-@1111_ 11 - @- I, , ,,- @Ikirll ,@ ", 6, I-,, , , ,-i:,@ li "', @ y, - -, ,,,',,@, @",@@I-@ ;, @- " - ,@ , 1 ,@ @ ,, @ -, i'f, @ @ - @'i , @ @@ ,F,pt I, , j,' @ 4- j,@-:-. -I , I-,,I@I II -I-I 11 I@,-@, @-,@%`@ I,I,-I11 -,- I- I@,. II- A%",4- &.6-@ @-"@, -I, ,.,i@wv4i..@ - I@ 'M @@t"gjl u, @Z" V, v,64, togm, , , - __ -.- -, qv"Ii @-NYHOM, @Fk,iri4@,?,,'-,@l;,,I.,t"lr@k@,tl,,@,ij@@i., " -- Uzi -, ,f -@',! 11 @-, Wl , .11 *_h2kR4$0 I., "I'll" "r A,@,.Vn , ,, wi@q, gas 4,@ M, IIZ c,. a, -@Llijau ,@; @- @__'_@ ,,, 'I- 'T, __ 2',, @,@ @f.". ,@MNIHVIMMU,gygglg I, 11-1- - .Zxi_ " __ -it,,opig - ," "@,@ R, 'T, " " - Ir _@i,; @,@ 11 @ A 4 Nhz,ll, @@ @ "t ,Q60MAK @,@, _@@, 1@ @ @ 1,,@ - 11 A! rLa 11M,,4RI . I I -,,Z .,@@MINN,, r-115 -1 @ III @ N- @ q ,, A @'f Ad - A@, f", r, ,,,, " gil" , " '- ,@,,, I- R @Il, "i"'a-M' iI,-- Ifift ,z ", I - izia"ill,@RMA ,@ @, ., - -, W,',p@ @,v RI ,@,k, p% , ffl ,g @ ,,:, 'A A &_'-@@ ,.'.,,,,,-,', -Y3NMlMM,@Ml,,Iiq I, 'AI A II .11 r, -3, @ II@l,I 'l-li ,@ ,@,@,,,@-,.-,@@,,@A@@@,,-@Ti,'44@IIf,on ,-jq! g! 5@ @,I,@, .cf @,6, M ill iI` IIv .ir,+6,I,. ,@% E J'I'l k,q ;i@'_, --'T,-n.--, ,-.1, W, @Yl @ @ ,,, , !!!U! W,,, ,@@._,. -,-,@@-""-i, Li,Ii,@@,, ,-- ', , , -@ " -- - ,11I-; __@- I-- "' ,@ I,, , @,@ : ".," @ @ I 1.I@ I, I@ ",I- -1-'i9r--., ", 4I,I,, -I-,-I-i", I I I I--, @,4-T"@-@ -, , "',-1, - @,@ ,@ " 4,,, @ @,'', C@ @ ,, , " - @, " @,,-- , , -- 11 ; ,@ ll@@ "@ ,,@ , F, @: @4:@ , @,,- ,-@,.-_,V @-I @- -I II@11 1@ 1@ , -- @ " @, @, , , I @-,,; ` ',,I, : @ "@-9,, ", .."I @ -,"',_-, I .I--_q -"I,I- "- ",@" " @-,@ @'.' " - j-'j, " I-I -_ -, - @i' " @.@-I II ,"' @ _ ,,,z I@ i" "I 1@@, @'I -I, @- -- - ,@- @, -- _" @,@ !I, ,'[email protected], III ,f-k,@,,@II-, '@ ," @- , @-,. ,;, " , : "; @ ", I. ,, @ j-., ,,, - ,,-, @ @"i " @ Iz I L @1. @. ,@ I ,_ ",",,,--11 T--, 1, @,V @@_ I,, "4, -1@, , ,, 11 ---,-Vil, -w p @, t -,,,-,@ -'t-sto,* i" --If I'll.,-@!@:, .1, '@ " III; - _: @1_@@.,-_@-,I@ 4 E@ @,@q,;F@ -@,' ,, .,;R4,@l#sjR,VR-, @$]#flll@il,q ," , I - @ _ _- ,_@ ,i i "lj,'@,@,@@,@',.,,,,, @,,I , @,@Mli;,O,@---@ -', ,"@ @f , ,@:", '1.1@ ,; . I @ , " " -, -,,;,,,;;,.":,@'i @, -.-@-, _ ,I I I-41 -- I " I- -, ,b,,q,_;@.--%,j, @`, "", -2'n, @ '11'@,.,_ ___ &" @ , -, " . @xl-@,@, :@*@, -, -,-I@,;, N,t, - "-- -2 " z"LL"I"' ' __`L' - __ ,_@-,I@@-ZK- -4-,@,jZ@l -@@_ , @n "@,'i@, - ,,,@I -,l ",-,,,11,, ,@l @@4:P @@, -,@ -A,, @ I,-I@@ . L " ',, ," 11iI- I,I .- . I SUGGESTED DRAFT surroundings and a strong self-interest in protecting and enhancing what nature has given us. (d) Where interests of residents and non-residents conflict, those A BILL FOR AN ACT of residents should take precedence, over those of non-residents with- RELATING TO ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY but denying fundamental human rights. SECTION 1. Purpose, The purpose of this Act is to establish an (e) There is a need to understand the relationship between the environmental policy for the State of Hawaii to guide future public maintenance of high quality ecological systems and the general wel- and private actions that may have an impact on the environment. fare of the people of the State, including their enjoyment of the natural SECTION 2. Findings and declaration of necessity. The Legisla- resources of the State, ture finds and declares as follows: (f) The capacity of the environment is limited, and it is the i 'ntent (a) Hawaii's natural environment is limited in scale and quantity. of the Legislature that the government of the State take immediate steps to identify any critical thresholds for the health and safety of In many aspects it is fragile and unique. the people of the state and take'all coordinated actions necessary to (b) Hawaii's man-made environment consists of social institu- prevent such thresholds being reached. tions and physical structures which are dependent on the natural en- (g) Every citizen has a responsibility- to contribute to the preserva- vironment. tion and enhancement of the environment. (c) The man-made environment frequently consumes natural re- (h) The interrelationship of policies and practices .in the manage- sources and modifies the natural environment; man has the capacity to ment of natural resources and waste disposal requires systematic' and enhance the physical environment so as to reduce the strain on the concerted efforts by public and private. interests to enhance environ- environmental balance. mental quality and to control environmental pollution. (d) Human beings organize themselves into societies which . strive .(i) It is the intent of the Legislature that all agencies of State gov- to better their quality of life. ernment which regulate activities of private individuals, corporations, 35 (e) High standards of living, currently equated with higher rates and public agencies which may affect the quality of the environment, of consumption, as practiced in developed industrial nations, fre- shall regulate such activities so that major consideration is given to quently consume more of the natural environment. preventing environmental damage. (f) Man is an integral part of the total physical environment and not separate from it. The Legislature further finds and declares that: (g) The man-made environment cannot continue to take indefi- (a) Hawaii must find the key which will lead to a balance between nitely from the natural environment beyond the assimilative capacity man and nature and resolve conflicts between the man-made and of the natural environment to regenerate itself. Man must seek to at- natural environments. These conflicts place society in the role of ag- tain a balance with the environment so as to optimize both the quality gressor against nature as we seek to fulfill human desires. of his life and the quality of the environment. (b) The imbalance is directly related to population pressures. In The Legislature further finds and declares that: H.awaii today, growth of population and increased levels of human de- (a) The maintenance of a quality environment for the people of sires have outpaced .our capability to grow without environmental this State now and in the future is a matter of statewide concern. damage. (b) It is necessary to provide a high quality environment that a .t , (c) Hawaii is approaching, and in some cases has exceeded, the all times is healthful and pleasing to the senses and intellect of man. limits of the environment'.s@ ability to support human activities at pres- (c) There,is such a thing as an Aloha Spirit identified with em- ent levels of technology; we have in these cases,exceeded the carry- pathy, tolerance, graciousness, friendliness, understanding, giving. It, ing capacity of the environment. We have reached a condition of is fragile and can be shattered by population pressures and a highly overload." The result is 'a diminished quality of life and environment. competitive society. It is worth preserving and one way to do so is to (d) Statistics show that Oahu's population of 257,696 in 1940 master the pressures alienating us in our own land. IIt springs from grew to 630,528 in. 1970 and is predicted to range between the natural environment of these islands and the heritage of Hawaiian 990,000 and 2,010,000 by the year 2000. life styles. Our island geography, a benign climate, and beautiful vistas (e) Motor vehicle registration is doubling about every 12 years; help create this spirit. Thus, we have an additional debt to our natural the annual count of tourists is doubling every four years. It is ques- tionable if Oahu, with crowded streets and 360,000 motor vehicles ognition of the results of our consumption of the natural environ- now can possibly accommodate 700,000 cars by 1985. ment, and learning the actions which we must take to achieve (f) If then, as the Legislature finds, the key is "overload," certain harmony. courses of action.are clearly indicated: (g) Recognizing that the key to our environmental dilemma is (1)The Legislature recognizes that the condition of overload is overload, the Legislature declares that the State adopt a series of not solely that of population density, but until consumption goals, the attainment of which will prevent new overload conditions practices are moderated, and technology advances are made, Ha- and correct existing ones. To reach these goals, the State must adopt waii must pause or slow down its growth in population. and implement certain policies which govern societal actions. (2) Hawaii must proceed quickly to measure the ability of our SECTION 3. Definitions. As used in this Act, certain words shall natural environment to cope with the impact of human society. be defined as follows: We must determine which systems, are most susceptible to over- (a) Goal indicates the desired long-range direction or aim. load, and at what level of human activity the overload occurs. (b) Policy states the method which should be applied to attain the Evidence is abundant that the capacity of either our natural en- goal. vironments or our man-made environment is already overloaded (c) Strategy is a specific measure to implement a policy. in many places. (d) Conservation is planned management of a natural resource to (3) Moderation of population overload and the measurement of prevent exploitation, destruction, or neglect; it does allow limited use environmental carrying capacity must quickly be directed toward under regulat .ion. certain areas. These are the areas of critical concern. These are (e) Preservation is the reservation of animals, trees, or other the places where current trends toward overload are most severe. natural resources; it does not allow use of such resources except for Among these are: scientific study. It also includes protection of man-made structures of Coastal Zone special archaeological, historical, or architectural significance. 36 All of Oahu (f) Regenerate is to restore or to recreate a condition. Agricultural lands (g) Renewable resource is one which can be replaced, regrown, Tourist facilities or reestablished. Energy consumption (h) Non-renewable resource is one which cannot be replaced or Unique natural and historic sites reestablished. Social welfare costs SECTION 4. Environmental Policy. Be it enacted by the Legisla- (4) The carrying capacity of our environment is not only a func- ture that it is the policy of the State to: tion of how many people we accommodate, but it is also directly (a) Strive to achieve the following goals: related to consumption practices. The technology we use to grati- GOAL A: Conservation of Our Natural Resources fy human desires and meet basic human needs can be improved. Some people claim that technology has brought about the- im- Land, water, visual, and air resources restored and balance between man and nature. The Legislature believes that protected. by controlling pollution, by preserving or our engineers and scientists can develop and apply newer tech- augmenting natural resources, and by safeguarding nology which can meet society's needs and desires, while still the State's unique natural environmental character- protecting the natural environment. Our growth in population istics. should be matched by growth of this new technology. GOAL B: Enhancement of Our Quality of Life (5) The status of overload is also a, function of our collective ig- 9 Population limits in Hawaii so that the interaction be- norance. No intelligent society would deliberately set out to de- tween,the natural and man-made environments and stroy its life-support. Yet, because we do not know all that we the population is mutually beneficial. should, society is doing that very thing. Hawaii must learn what * Opportunities for the residents of Hawaii to improve is needed so that there evolves in all our people a new ethic by their quality of life through diverse economic activi- which to live. This ethic is fundamental to our goal of balance with ties which are stable and in balance with the physical nature. It will be achieved by the conscious and unconscious rec- and social environments. � Communities which provide a sense of identity, wise Economic Activity use of land, efficient transportation, aesthetic and so- 13. Encourage industries in Hawaii which do not contribute to de- cial satisfaction in harmony with the natural environ- gradation of the environment. ment which is uniquely Hawaii. 14. Prohibit new industries which require a variance from the � A commitment on the part of each person to protect State's environmental standards. and enhance Hawaii's environment and reduce the 15. Maintain and improve the competitive position of the agri- , drain on non-renewable resources. cultural industry of the State. Protect productive and potentially (b) Use the following policies to attain the goals: -productive agricultural lands from urbanization. 16. Restrict hotel-resort development to designated areas in each Population county. Control the maximum number of units in each area in 1. Recognize population impact as a major factor in environ- accord with environmental standards. mental degradation, and adopt strategies to alleviate this im- 17. Maintain design controls over visitor destination areas. pact and prevent future degradation. 18. Encourage continuation of environmentally-compatible Fed- 2. Develop criteria to determine optimum population levels for eral activities in Hawaii as a major component of the economic counties and districts within the State, recognizing these will base of the State. change with technology and circumstance. 19. Encourage, so they are environmentally compatible, such Conservation other industries as fishing, aquaculture, oceanography, rec- reation and forest industries. 3. Conserve, and require efficient management of, all natural re- 20. Encoura .ge research and development, both as an attractive sources. economic activity and a means of finding ways to improve Ha- 4. Require efficient, balanced and economically feasible use of waii's quality of life. energy resources especially fossil fuel, a nonrenewable re- source, by developing physical resources such as solar, electro- Community Environments 37 chemical, geothermal, and natural renewable energy resources 21. Maintain an integrated system- of statedand use planning available in Hawaii. which coordinates the State and county general plans and re- 5. Preserve and restore Hawaii's natural beauty and open space flects their respective needs. not only as a natural resource but as an ennobling living en- 22.Foster a variety of compatible lif.estyles with special care to vironment for its people. preserve the variety of lifestyl'es traditional to Hawaii through 6. Reserve scenic, historic, cultural, parks and recreation. areas, the design and maintenance of neighborhoods, whi,ch respect including the shorelines, for public recreational, educational the culture and mores of the community. and scientific uses. 23.Develop communities which provide a sense of identity and 7. Protect the shorelines of the State from encroachment of man- social satisfaction in harmony with the.,environment, and pro- made improvements, structures, and activities. vide internal opportunities for shopping, employment, educa- 8. Promote irrigation and waste water management practices tion and recreation. which conserve and fully utilize vital water resources. 24.Assure a safe, sanitary and decen t home in an attractive and 9. Promote recycling of was 'te water and solid wastes. sound neighborhood to every family in Hawaii. 10. Conserve, protect and manage watersheds and water sources; 25.Treat community appearances as major -economic and aes- scenic and historic areas; forest and open space areas-, natural thetic assets of the cou 'nties and State. Emphasize green belts and scientific reserves. and planting in urban areas. Respect the integrity of the land- 11. Establish and, maintain natural area preserves, wild life pre- scape in urban design. Preserve mountain-to-ocean vistas. serves, forest reserves, protected watersheds, marine preserves 26. Plant and maintain trees, shrubs and flowers at such locations and unique ecological preserves. as government and private buildings, exposed parking areas, 12. Protect rare and endangered species of indigenous plants and parks, and along highways and streets. Use native trees, flow- animals. Require assurance of negligible ecological hazard be- ers and shrubs for such landscaping., fore introducing new plants or animals. 27. Foster culture and the arts for they are linked to the enhance- ment of the environment and the Aloha Spirit. provisions which would hinder compliance with the provisions, of this 28. Stop noise pollution and land pollution, such as littering, be- Act, and shall propose to the Governor and the Legislature no later cause they rank with air and water pollution as environmental than January 1975, any measures necessary to comply with the intent conc.ems. and,policies of this Act. 29. Provide transportation systems in harmony with these goals (d) The Environmental Council shall monitor the progress of State and policies because they provide a vital role in the lifestyle and county agencies in accomplishing their assigned environmental and environment of the State. functions and shall receive reports from them annually. The Environ- 30. Develop balanced multi-modal transportation systems for peo- mental Council shall prepare an annual report to the Governor, the ple and goods to serve thb different requirements of each com- Legislature, and the general public on the status of environmental munity. conditions and recommend additional action that is necessary to pro- 31. Establish mass transit systems in and between all counties tect and enhance the environment. which require it. SECTION 6. Severability. If any provision of this Act or the ap- 32. Prevent environmental degradation caused by the rapidly plication thereof to any person or circumstance is held unconstitution- rising number of motor vehicles and develop strategies to alle- al, the remainder of this Act and the application of such provision to viate this impact. other persons or circumstances shall not be affected thereby, and it 33. Set standards for the design and performance of public and shall be conclusively presumed that the Legislature would have private vehicles and transportation systems to (a) co -nserve enacted the remainder of this Act without such invalid or unconsti- energy, (b) reduce pollution emissions, incl ud ing, noise, (c) pro- tutional provision, and to this end the provisions of this Act are sever- vide safe and sympathetic accommodations for their users, and able. (d) be consistent with these goals a .nd policies. SECTION 7. In printing this Act, the revisor of statutes is The Individual authorized to designate it appropriately within the Hawaii Revised 38 34. Encourage all individuals in the State to adopt a moral ethic Statutes. to respect the natural environment and to reduce waste and ex- SECTION 8. This Act shall take effect upon its approval. cessive consumption. INTRODUCED BY: 35. Encourage both formal and informal environmental educa- DATE tion of all age groups. 36. Provide education in the schools which encourages careers in Honolulu, Hawaii environmentally compatible fields, including agriculture. 37. Provide for expanding citizen partidipation in the decision- making process so it continually embraces more citizens and SUGGESTED DRAFT H.C.R. or S.C.& No. more issues. SECTION 5. State and county agencies, boards, and commissions. CONCURRENT RESOLUTION In considering ways to implement the policies of Section 4 of this REQUESTING THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND ITS Act: VARIOUS GOVERNMENTAL AGENCIES TO COOPERATE (a) All State and county agencies, boards, and commissions shall WITH THE STATE OF HAWAII AND ITS COUNTIES IN THE develop standards and procedures necessary to protect environmental quality. FORMULATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF ENVIRON- MENTAL PROGRAMS. (b) They shall consider qualitative factors as well as economic and technical factors and long-term benefits and costs, in addition to WHEREAS, the State of Hawaii, has adopted an Environmental short-term benefits and costs and to consider alternatives to proposed Policy Act in response to a concern for the protection of the total en- actions affecting the environment. vironment of the Hawaiian Islands; and (c) Every State and county agency, board, and commission shall WHEREAS, a Temporary Commission on Statewide Environ- review its present statutory authority, rules, regulations, policies and mental Planning has submitted a report containing recommendations procedures to determine any inconsistencies or deficiencies in such for protection and enhancement of the environment of Hawaii and Federal representatives participated in the preparation of the report; nually to.the Governor, the Legislature, and the public in Janu- and ary of each year. To assist in the preparation of such a report, all WHEREAS, the United States of America carries on a number of State and County agencies shall respond to requests for informa- programs and projects in Hawaii that have an impact on the environ- tion made by the Council." ment; and Offered By: WHEREAS, the United States of America has ownership or ten- Date: ure of more than 355,000 acres of land in Hawaii, the use of which is Honolulu, Hawaii important to the environmenta I quality of Hawaii; now therefore, BE IT RESOLVED, that Federal Governmental Agencies operating in the *State of Hawaii cooperate with the State and its counties in the SUGGESTED DRAFT S.C.R. or H.C.R.No. formulation and implementation of environmental programs in con- sonance with the State Environmental Policy Act; and BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that copies of this resolution be CONCURRENT RESOLUTION mailed to the various Federal agencies operating in Hawaii whose pro- grams and projects may have an impact on the environment. REQUESTING THE AD HOC COMMISSION ON OPERATIONS, Off ered By: REVENUES AND EXPENDITURES'TO CONSIDER THE GOALS AND Dated: POLICIES OF THE HAWAII ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ACT. Honolulu, Hawaii WHEREAS, a Temporary Commission on Statewide Environ- mental Planning has submitted a report containing recommendations for the protection and 'enhancement of the environment of Hawaii; and SUGGESTED DRAFT S.B. or H.B. No. WHEREAS, the goals and policies recommended in the report 39 have been incorporated into the Hawaii Environmental Policy Act' and A BILL FOR AN ACT RELATING TO WHEREAS, it is believed that some of the goals and policies can ENVIRONMENTAL, QUALITY CONTROL be achieved more easily by appropriate tax structures to support them; and BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE WHEREAS, Chapter 341, HRS, already states that the quality of STATE OF HAWAII: the environment is as important to the welfare of the people of Ha- SECTION 1. Section 341-6 of the Hawaii Revised Statutes is waii as is the economy of the State; now therefore, amended to read as follows:' BE IT RESOLVED, that the Ad Hoc Commission on Operations, "Sec. 341-6. Functions of the environmental council. Revenues and Expenditures consider ways of implementing the goals The council shall serve as liaison between the director and the and policies contained in the Hawaii Environmental Policy Act general public by soliciting information, opinions, complaints, through appropriate revisions in the tax structure and make its recommendations and advice concerning ecology and environ- recommendations to the Governor and the 1.975 Legislature; and mental quality through public hearings or any other means and by BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED,'that a copy of this resolution be publicizing such matters as requested by the director pursuant to forwarded to the Ad Hoc Commission on Operations, Revenues and section 341-4(b) (4). The council may make recommendations Expenditures, the Governor, Director of Taxation, and the Director concerning ecology and environmental quality to the director, of Budget and Finance. and shall meet at the call of the director. The council shall further- more monitor the progress of State, County, and Federal agencies Offered By: in achieving the State's environmental goals and policies and Date: shall make a report with recommehdations for improvement an- Honolulu, Hawaii SUGGESTED DRAFT S.B. or H.B. No. all components of the natural environment and that the quality of the natural environment is critical. to man's well-being. The legislature A BILL FOR AN ACT further finds that an environmental review process will integrate the RELATING TO THE CREATION OF A STATE review of environmental concerns with existing planning processes of PLANNING COUNCIL the State and counties and will serve to alert decision-makers to sig- nificant adverse environmental effects which may result from the im- SECTION 1. Section 201-28 of the Hawaii Revised Statutes is plementation of certain actions. Finally, the legislature finds that the amended by adding a new paragraph thereto to read as follows: process of reviewing environmental effects is desirable because: en- "State Planning Council. There is hereby created a State plan- vironmental consciousness is enhanced, while cooperation and coor- ning council of ten members to be composed of the director of plan- dination are encouraged; and public participation during the review ning and economic development, the directors of planning of the process benefits all parties involved and society as a whole. counties of Hawaii, Maui, and Kauai, the director of general plan- It is the purpose of this Act to establish a system of environ- ning and the director of land utilization of the City and County of mental review at the State and county levels which will insure that Honolulu, the director or the chief planning officer of the depart- environmental policies of the Legislature are given appropriate con- ment of land and natural resources, the chairman of the board.of sideration in decision-making along with economic and technological agriculture, the executive officer of the State land use commis- considerations. sion, and the state planning coordinator. The council shall elect SECTION 2. Chapter 341, Hawaii Revised Statutes, is amended -by- annually a chairman, with the right to. vote, from its members. adding a new part to read: The council shall meet at least four times a year or more often at the call of the chairman. The members shall serve without com- "PART 11 pensation but shall be reimbursed for necessary expenses in con- ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENTS 40 nection with meetings of the council. The council shall be respon- Sec. -1. Definitions. As used in this part unlegs the context other- sible for bringing about close coordination between State and wise requires: county agencies engaged in physical and environmental planning. (a) 'Acceptance' means, a written determination by an agency, The council shall act as a statewide clearinghouse on planning board, commission, the governor of the State, or the'mayor of a county, matters; it shall exercise planning initiative in stimulating new that an environmental impact statement meets the requirements of concepts in planning that appear to be of value to Hawaii. The this part. council shall serve in an advisory capacity to the director-of plan- (b) 'Action' means any program or project initiated by any agency ning and econo mic development in the formulation of the State or applicant. general plan." (c) 'Agency' means any department or office of the State or coun- Offered By: ty government which is a part of the executive branch of that govern- Date: ment, except the Office of Environmental Quality Control. (d) 'Applicant' means any agency, board, commission, or person Honolulu, Hawaii that makes an official request for the approval of a proposed action that is required by law or rules and regulations. SUGGESTED DRAFT S.B. or H.B. No. (e) 'Assessment' means an evaluation of a proposed action made for the purpose of determining whether. a proposed action may re- A BILL FOR AN ACT sult insignificant adverse effects. RELATING TO ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT (f) 'Board' or 'commission' means any and all boards and com- STATEMENTS missions established by law. (g) 'Categorical exemption' means any program or project or BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE classes thereof which has been determined by the director in rules and STATE OF HAWAII: regulations to have no significant adverse effects. SECTION 1. Findings and purpose. The legislature finds that man's (h) 'Environmental impact statement' or 'statement' means a writ- activities have broad and profound effects upon the interrelations of ten report prepared in compliance with applicable rules and regula- tions promulgated under section 5 and which discloses the environ- bution, review, and acceptance of statements; mental effects of a proposed action, along with alternatives to the (4) prescribe procedures for informing the public of determina- recommended course of action. tions that a statement is either required or not required; and for (i) 'Person' means any individual, partnership, firm, association, informing the public of the availability of statements for review trust, estate, private corporation, or other legal entity. and comments; and (j) 'Significant adverse effect' means the sum of those effects (5) prescribe the content requirements of statements. that degrade the quality of the environment, irrevocably commit a (d) Whenever there is any question as to which agency, board, or natural resource, curtail the range of beneficial uses of the environ- commission has the responsibility of complying with this part with ment, or serve short-term, to.the disadvantages of long-term, environ- respect to a particular proposed action, the director, in consultation mental goals. with the agencies, boards, or commissions involved, shall determine Sec. -2. Administration. The director shall administer this part. which is the responsible entity. The director may delegate to any 'person such power and authority (e) A statement which is accepted with respect to a particular vested in him by this part as he deems reasonable and proper for the proposed action shall satisfy the requirements of this part and no other effective administration of this part except the power to make, amend, statement for that proposed action shall be required-, provided that, or repeal rules and regulations. if the action has not commenced within two years from the time of ac- Sec. -3. Public Records. All statements prepared under the pro- ceptance, or if there have been substantial changes to such proposed visions of this part shall be made available for inspection by the pub- action since the time of acceptance, then, upon the request of the ac- lic during established office hours. ceptor, a new statement, revision, or review may be required. Sec. -4. Requirements. (a) Whenever an agency proposes an ac- (f) Whenever an action is subject to both the National Environ- tion involving the use of State or county lands Or the expenditure mental Policy Act of 1969 (Public Law 91-190) and the requirements of State or county funds, that agency shall make an assessment of of this part, adraft statement for such action shall be submitted to the such action and determine whether the proposed action may have office for distribution, review, and evaluation at least 30 days prior to 41 any significant adverse effects. If it is determined that a proposed submission to the President' 's Council on Environmental Quality. Also, action may have significant adverse effects, a statement shall be re- a final statement for such action shall be first accepted by the Gover- quired and made available for public review. Acceptance of a required nor prior,to submission to the President's Council on Environmental statement by the highest elected official of State or counties using Quality. such lands or funds shall be a condition precedent to use of such lands Sec. -5. Powers and duties of the director. (a) The director may or allocation of public funds for the substantive implementation of the make, amend, and repeal rules and regulations to implement the proposed action. provisions of this part. All rules and regulations shall be adopted sub- (b) Whenever an applicant requests official approval of a pro- ject to Chapter 91, Hawaii Revised Statutes. posed action from any agency, board, or commission, the agency, (b) The director shall prepare rules and regulations to implement board, or commission shall make an assessment of the proposed ac- the provisions of this part. At least one public hearing shall be held in lion and determine whether the proposed action May have any sig- each county prior to the final adoption of any rules or regulations. The nificant adverse effects. If it is determined that a proposed action final rules and regulations shall be adopted within a period of not may have significant adverse effects, a statement shall be required more than 150 days from the effective date of this Act. from the applicant and made available for public review. Acceptance (c) The director shall: of a required statement by the approving agency, board, or commis- (1 )establish within the office a systematic procedure for receiv- sion shall be a condition precedent to approval and commencement of ing, distributing, and evaluating all statements required by this a proposed action. No statement that is unacceptable to the director part; shall be accepted by the agency, board, or commission. (2) insure that the review and evaluation process will be cdmpati- (c) Rules adopted pursuant to this part shall: ble with the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (Public (1 ) provide criteria for the evaluation of proposed actions and for Law 91 -190) and related directives; determining the need to prepare a statement; (3) provide for the timely publication of any determination that (2) provide criteria for evaluating the adequacy of a statement; no statement is required, or that a statement has 'been accepted; (3) prescribe procedures for the preparation, submission, distri- (4) testify at public hearings regarding the adequacy of state- ments received by the office, when appropriate-, and to this end, the provisions of this part are declared to be sever- (5) in his discretion, provide for special review of statements by a able." committee of the environmental council; SECTION 3. Appropriations. There is hereby appropriated to the office (6) provide for agencies and applicants to be exempt from the of the Governor out of the general revenues of the State, the sum of provisions of this part if the director determines that immediate $75,000 for fiscal year 1974-75, or so much thereof as may be nec- action is necessary due to emergency conditions or that the public essary, to implement the purposes of this Act. health, safety, and welfare would be endangered-, SECTION 4. Retroactivity. This Act shall take effect upon its approval. (7) prepare a list or summary of all proposed actions for which This Act is not retroactive and shall apply only to those actions which statements have been prepared. Such lists or summaries shall be have not received all necessary approvals from agencies, boards, or made available to the public on a timely basis; and, commissions, or official authorized to approve actions covered by this (8) provide the procedure whereby the environmental effects of Act as of the effective date of rules and regulations adopted pursuant a group of proposed actions planned together may be treated by to this Act. a single statement for the group of proposed actions. (d) The director, after consultation with agencies, boards, or com- SOME INDICATORS OF OVERLOAD missions, may identify and establish categorical exemptions, provided that such categorical exemptions shall be adopted as rules and regu- A number of comments were made at the public meetings which lations. indicate that there may be at present an "overload" of public fac 'ilities Sec. -6. Powers and duties of agencies, boards and commissions. and systems in certain areas of the State to adequately service the (a) No agency, board, or commission shall promulgate rules'and regu- present population in those areas. The data listed below may be indi- lations pursuant to this part unless in conformance with this part and cative of the possible overload. 42 any rules and regulations promulgated by the director. RAPID POPULATION GROWTH ON OAHU (b) Agencies, boards, and commissions shall insure that com- ments, recommendations, and opposing views received during the Pro'ections review process are addressed or incorp orated in statements. Year DPED City Planning Dept. (c) Agencies, boards, and commissions are authorized to accept or not accept statements required for any applicant. 1940 257,696 , Sec. -7. Injunctive relief. The director or any person with standing 1950 353,020 may institute a civil action in any court of competent jurisdiction for 1960 injunctive relief from any violation of this part or any rule or regula- 1970 630,528 tion made thereunder. The court shall have power to grant relief in 1980 - 735,000 672,800 to 809,300 accordance with the Hawaii Rules of Civil Procedure. 1990 859,000 915,400 to 1,289,000 Sec. -8. Limitation of actions. No court action, the. subject of 2000 - 990,000 1,226,000 to 2,010,000 which is the failure to satisfy the requirements of this part, shall com- mence before, and in no case later than 60 days after, publication by HOUSING SHORTAGE ON OAHU the director that: (1 ) a determination has been made that no statement New Housing Units Needed for Oahu between 1970 and 1975 is required; or (2) a statement has been accepted. If the subject of a Purpose of Units needed court action is the acceptance of a statement, only parties who pro- vided comments to a statement during the designated review period Required to house new households 14,002 shall have standing. Such standing is limited to the contents and pro- Required to raise the vacancy rate to normal 4,501 visions of submitted comments. Required to replace units lost through demolition 4,050 Sec. -9. Severability. If any provision of this part or the applica- Required to replace dilapidated units 2,795 tion thereof to any person or circumstances is held invalid, such in- TOTAL NUMBER REQUIRED 24,898 validity shall not affect other provisions or applications of this part which can be given effect without the invalid provision or application, Source: Marshall Kaplan, Gans, Kahn & Yamamoto DAILY REFUSE, FOR OAHU: 1970. (Excludes agricultural and military refuse.) Kind of refuse Tons Total refuse ............................................ 2,236 Combustible: Paper ....................... -......... .. ................ 635 Trimmings ........ I........................................ 362 Rags ....................................................... 23 Wood ............................................... 494 Food ........................................... I ......... 51 Plastics and miscellaneous ................................... 20 Non-com bustible: Metal ..................................................... 127 Glass ..................................................... 63 Demolition material .......................................... 461 43 Source: Metcalf & Eddy, Solid Waste Management Plan for City and County of Honolulu (July 1971), p. 61. AUTOMOBILES AVAILABLE AND MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION TO WORK: 1960 AND 1970 Households Workers Number of automobiles Means of transportation available 1970 1960 to work 1970 1960 All households ................... 203,089 153,012 All workers' ...................... 327,310 248,406 None ............................. 22,170 25,871 Private automobile, driver ........... 213,521 One .............................. 93,854 88,320 Private automobile, passenger ....... 44,493 156,992 Two ............................... 69,343 32,577 Bus .............................. 19,470 20,039 Three or more ...................... 17,722 6,244 Walked only ....................... 33,003 22,214 Other means ...................... 11,296 10,173 Percent, two or more ............... 42.9 25.4 Worked at home ................... 5,527 32,843 'Includes not reported (6,145 in 1960). Source-' U.S. Census of Housing: 1960, Final Report HC(1)-1 3, table 6; U.S. Census of Population: 1960, Final Report PC(l)-13C, table 64; U.S. Census of Housing: 1970, Final Report HC(1)-B13, table 36; U.S. Census of Population: 1970, Final Report PC(1)-C13, table 50. NATIONAL, STATE, AND COUNTY PARKS: 1971-1972 Acreage (Dec. 31,1972) Total visits National park Federal Non-Federal 1971 1972 Hawaii Volcanoes National Park ................................ 217,030 12,625 980,744 1,389,144 Haleakala National Park ...................................... 21,190 6,093 254,701 305,489 City of Refuge National Historical Park ......................... 181 243,404 351,448 Puukohola Heiau National Historic Site ........................... Authorized but not yet established County parks: State parks Dec. 31,1972 Number Visits, years ended of areas, Acreage, June 30 June 30, June 30, 1972 (in tho sands Number of County 1972 Total Developed 1971 1972 areas Acreage Total ................ 46 15,999 .5 543.1 13,007 9,798 479 6,662 44 Hawaii ................. 13 1,763.9 221.1 2,205 2,151 90* 1,155* Maui .................. 11 420.8 47.0 1,112 1,144 56 522 Honolulu ............... 15 5,930.2 112.8 3,644 3,578 283 4,489 Kauai ................. 1 7 7,884.6 162.2 6,046 2,925 50 496 *Dec. 31, 1971 data. Source: U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, records; Hawaii State Department of Land and Natural Resources, Report to the Governor 1971-1972, pp. 87-88; County parks departments, records. RAPID GROWTH OF MOTOR VEHICLE REGISTRATION ON OAHU Year Motor Vehicles 1940 48,539 1950 98,134 1960 178,388 1970 318,553 1972 341,973 Source: DPED AIR POLLUTANT EMISSIONS, BY SOURCE AND COUNTY: 1970 (In tons per year) Sulphur Carbon Hydro- Nitrogen Source or county oxides Particulates monoxide carbons oxides Total .......................... 58,000 78,000 636,000 145,000 77,QOO Source: Motor vehicles .................... 1,000 1,420 413,500 67,900 40,700 Aircraft .......................... 570 11390 4,570 3,810 1,250 Vessels ........................... 1,49.0 i60 4W 100 610 Other transportation ............... 420 240 3,040 3,460 3,220 Fuel combustion in stationary sources .............. 53,000 25,000 1,550 3,200 25,000 Residential, commercial, institutional ................... 12,200 490 83 170 3,470 Industrial ................... 12,000 910 11 160 3,000 Agricultural ..................... 2,550 22,800 1,450 2,200 3,900 Steam-electric utilities ........... 26,200 1,150 6 700 14,800 45 Solid waste disposal ................ 400 5,800 24,600 8,700 1,900 Industrial process losses ........... 1,280 11,800 270 20,200 200 Agricultural ....................... (N) 31,900 188,000 37,600 3,740 County: City and County of Honolulu ........ 50,500 29,300 396,000 91,700 58,400 Hawaii County .................... 3,000 22,800 97,400 21,800- 8,100 Kauai County ..................... 1,200 11,900 55,600 12,200 3,900 Maui County ...................... 1 3,400 14,000 86,600 19,200 6,200 N Negligible. Source: Hawaii State Department of Health, Air Sanitation Branch, Summary of Air Pollutant Emissions in the State of Hawaii, 1970 (table). AIRLINE AND SHIP REVENUE PASSENGERS: 1860 TO 1972 Ship passengers Airline passengers Inter- Transpacific' Inter- Transpacifi C4 Year island: island: arrivals, Arrivals Departures arrival S3 Arrivals-t Departures Through 1860 ................... 38,000 685 663 1866 ................... (NA) 905 681 1870 ................... (NA) 1,448 1,047 - - - 1875 ................... (NA) 850 654 - - - 1880 ................... (NA) 5,593 1,928 - - - 1885 ................... (NA) 7,140 3,588 - - - 1890 ................... (NA) 7,087 3,923 - - - 1895 ................... (NA) 8,090 4,636 - - - 1899 ................... (NA) 32,725 9,063 1905 ................... (NA) (NA) (NA) 1910 ................... 62,236 15,876 13,302 1915 ................... 67,787 12,665 13,555 46 1920.:.@ ................ 95,237 13,766 16,404 1925 ................... 103,003 31,877 24,672 .................. 143,806 36,000 34,000 10,356 1935 ................... 112,091 37,096 40,328 13,355 1940 ................... 158,328 50,401 44,181 28,624 659 1945 ................... 13,217 (NA) (NA) 170,437 1950 ................... - 17,821 17,822 438,938 44,8151 48,188 25,736- 1955 ................... - 26,353 23,739 619,486 1 117,319 59,128 NA Not available. 'Calendar year 1860, years ended June 30, 1910-1935, and calendar years thereafter, The 1860 figure is an estimate based on 1861 data for Honolulu. Except for limited accommodations aboard freighters, scheduled interisland passenger service was discontinued in January 1949. 'For the Port of Honolulu only. Calendar years 1860 to 1899, years ended June 30, 1911 (for 1910) and 1915 to 1925, calendar year 1930, and years ended June 30, 1935 and thereafter. Data exclude through passengers. 'Calendar years. Includes air taxis. Includes nonrevenue passengers beginning in 1970. Service began in 1929. 4Calendar year data for all airports. Includes nonrevenue passengers beginning in 1970. Treatment of through pas- sengers was apparently changed after 1959 and again after 1969. Scheduled service began in Honolulu in 1936 and Hilo in 1967. Source: Hawaii State Department of Planning and Economic Development, Passenger Statistics of Hawaii (Statistical Report 75, August 25, 1970), as corrected; Hawaii State Department of Transportation, records. AIRLINE AND SHIP REVENUE PASSENGERS: 1860 TO 1972 Ship passengers Airline passengers Inter- Transpacific' Inter- Transpac ifiC4 Year island: island: arrivals' Arrivals Departures arrivals3 Arrivals Departures Through 1960 .................... 43,862 37,041 955,610 367,513 373,672 44,404 1961 ..................... 35,700 32,402 939,336 422,657 443,686 59,729 1962 .................. 36,781 30,144 979,756 508,025 501,499 74,552 1963 ................... 35,136 27,624 1,144,265 595,350 593,917 106,473 1964 ......... 30,738 25,439 1,340,996 706,821 694,711 114,727 1965 .................... 29,868 24,122 1,538,392 833,415 828,967 131,873 1966 ................... 29,612 24,899 1,754,970 1,000,687 973,158 151,634 1967 ................... 28,830 24,046 2,117,557 1,285,210 1,252,700 162,119 1968 ................... 26,603 22,496 2,347,949 1,358,335 1,307,447 183,864 1969 ................... 24,089 21,339 2,724,622 1,766,720 1,769,087 270,340 1970 ................... 13,267 13,699 @,992,777 2,190,809 2,158,577 893,890 1971 ................... 8,943 8,024 3,380,031 2,296,119 2,304,570 729,237 47 1972 ................ (NA) (NA) 4,093,338 2,540,472 2,550,199 733,362 NA Not available. 'Calendar year 1860, years ended June. 30, 1910-1935, and calendar years thereafter. The 1860 figure is an estimate based on 1861 data for Honolulu. Except for limited accommodations aboard freighters, scheduled interisland passenger service was discontinued in January 1949. 2For the Port of Honolulu only. Calendar years 1860 to 1899, years ended June 30, 1911 (for 1910) and 1915 to 1925, calendar yearl 930, and years ended June 30, 1935 and thereafter. Data exclude through passengers. 'Calendar years. Includes air taxis. Includes nonrevenue passengers beginning in 1970. Service began in 1929. 4Calendar year data for all airports. Includes nonrevenue passengers beginning in 1970. Treatment of through pas- sengers was apparently changed after 1959 and again after 1969. Scheduled service beg an in Honolulu in 1936 and Hilo in 1967. Source: Hawaii State Department of Planning and Economic Development, Passenger Statistics of Hawaii (Statistical Report 75, August 25, 1970), as corrected; Hawaii State Department of Transportation, records. MODE OF TRAVEL AND VISITOR STATUS OF PASSENGERS ARRIVINGIN HAWAII: 1951 TO 1972 Mode of travel Direction of travel Visitor status of westbound arriving passencers' Eastbound Visitors Visitors destined beyond All arriving or destined Overnight Returning Intended Year passengers Air Surface Westbound northbound to Hawaii or, longer Transits residents residents 1951 ...... 130,437 90,074 40,363 93,002 37,345 43,426 3,994 12,917 16,600 5,853 1952 ...... 141,192 104,539 36,653 106,130 35,062 49,432 5,280 15,952 16,708 6,684 1953 ...... 163,305 120,739 42,566 126,478 36,827 66,296 5,956 16,992 17,740 6,472 1954 ...... 186,008 137,991 48,017 141,503 44,505 74,452 7,224 19,584 19,972 5,852 1955 ...... 232,060 176,653 55,407 175,369 56,691 89,1772 8,316 31,312 21,996 8,332 1956 ...... 272,619 215,033 57,586 203,644 68,975 102,352 12,524 36,012. 24,100 11,268 1957 ...... 353,590- 268,207 85,383 261,282 92,308 128,832 13,468 46,924' 28,768 16,676 1958 ...... 363,848 279,768 84,080 263,193 100,655 123,576 19,465 38,425 35,888 16,412 1959 ...... 452,417 370,072 82,345 336,090 116,327 177,550 30,185 38,714 36,100 18,825 1960 ...... 532,547 449,052 83,495 .399,804 132,743 213,670 36,475 43,439 38,630 15,030 1961 ...... 615,209 532,182 83,027 448,546 166,663 202,850 45,825 47,155 43,590 16,715 48 1962 ...... 690,378 606,972 83,406 497,035 193,343 219,005 60,625 42,690 53,800 21,070 1963 ...... 790,378 708,257 82,121 574,984 215,394 258,765 73,915 38,860 54,140 20,200 1964 ...... 909,436 832,075 77,361 681,391 228,045 359,554 100,736 110,034 83,313 27,446 1965 ...... 1,064,657 988,892 75,765 814,624 250,033 460,603 106,615 118,020 99,792 28,973 1966 ...... 1,279,151 1,200,697 78,454 974,419 304,732 558,388 128,498 137,136 117,605 32,031 1967 ...... 1,562,414 1,482,884 79,530 1,215,974 346,440 754,910 138,193 147,136 130,995 44,117 1968 ...... 1,683,326 1,608,706 74,620 1,348,112 335,214, 869,116 146,728 148,802 140,592 42,236 1969 ...... 1,941,638 1,876,821 64,817 1,566,013 375,625 1,008,802 172,227 190,710 1,52,404 41,162 1970 ...... 2,219,559 2,174,303, 45,256 1,734,560 484,999 1,170,897 206,849 201,589 179,461 41,828 1971 ....... 2,500,462 2,455,147 45,315 1,903,130 597,332 1,207,898 222,457 268,001 -162,967 41,562 1972 ...... 1 3,053,557 11 3,013,488 1 40,069 1 2,308,712- 1 744,845 11,540,268 1 242,469 1 309,595 1 171,772 1 44,388 I I Data for 1951 -1963 are limited to passengers reporting their visitor status. Data for 1964 and later years include estimates for unsurveyed passengers, and hence are not directly comparable to the data for 1951-1963. (Unrevised 1964 data showed 316,550 visitors destined to Hawaii, 125,130 visitors destined beyond Hawaii, 73,060 returning residents, and 24,040 intended residents.) A small number of surveyed but unclassified passengers are omitted for all years. Total westbound passenger arrivals, including unsurveyed and unclassified, are shown elsewhere in this table, under "direction of travel". Source: Hawaii Visitors Bureau, Annual Research Reports, 1952-1971, Revised Visitor Statistics, 1964-1970 (July 1971 ), as corrected, and records. DISSENTING STATEMENTS 8. In the Appendix, the draft Bill for an Act Relating to Environ- mental Policy, change the paragraph on Overload to read: AND OPINIONS "The Legislature recognizes that the condition of overload is not simply that of population density. If treated properly, the natural environment can tolerate, and people can benefit from, a wide range of human numbers. But because parts of our en- Though the Temporary Commission was able to come to agree- vironment currently are at overload, Hawaii must pause or ment unanimously on the vast majority of recommendations con- slow-down its growth in population, temporary as well as per- tained in this report, there were some members of the Commission manent".- Representative Jean S. King. who held differing opinions on some points and issues. Stated here- 9. In the same draft bill where areas of overload are listed, add under are the dissenting opinions. this sentence before the list: "In these areas a new project or migration 1. The requirement for an environmental impact statement and the to proceed must survive a general presumption against growth, until right of standing to sue should be a part of the environmental policy of such time as by objective measures Hawaii can again be declared the State of Hawaii.-Representative Jean S. King safely as being not at overload".-Representative Jean S. King 2. In the Introduction, item 6, change "assessments" to' "impact @ 10. In the same draft bill, following the a.bove cited paragraph, statements".-Representative Jean S. King change item (4) to read as follows: "The carrying capacity of our en@ 3. In the section on The Danger of Overload, Critical Areas, add vironment is not only a function of how many people we accommo- these sentences: "Specific processes directed to those areas must be date, but it is also directly related to consumption practices. Our con- enacted. Such processes should select out those new projects and mi- sumption practices can be changed. The Legislature also believes that grations that can survive a general presumption against growth, until the. technology we use to gratify human desires and meet basic human such time as by objective measures Hawaii can again,be declared needs can bd improved to meet society's needs and desires, while still protecting the natural envi ronment".- Representative Jean S. King 49 safely. as being not at overload". -Representative Jean S. King. 111. In the same draft bill, the policies on Conservation, the first 4. In the section on The Danger of Overload, Technology, strike one should be preceded by this sentence: "Compile and maintain the last sentence of the paragraph which reads: "Any growth in pop- data as to the nature and extent of 'all natural resources".-Repre- ulation must be matched by growth of this new technology".-Repre- sentative Jean S. King sentative Jean S. King 5. In the section on Implementing Recommendations, item 7, add 12. It was suggested that the amendment to the State Constitu- a new paragraph"f" to read as follows: tion Ion environmental concerns be rephrased and shortened to read: 'T Strengthen the State planning function by establishing a "Section 6. The State shall provide for the quality of the en- State Planning Department in the Governor's office which vironment".-Coun ci I man George Akahane wou@d prepare the State General Plan in conjunction with the 13. The need to update State general planning legislation is recog- counties and coordinate all State activities so they conform to nized. Whether a "State General Plan" is required for an effective that plan ".-Representative Jean S. King State planning process is an issue in pro 'fessional circles yet to be re- 6. In the section on Implementing Recommendations, add a new solved. In any case, such a Plan, adopted by Resolution, could lead to item 12 to read as follows: "Establish an expanded statewide compu- a false sense of security; the 1961 General Plan was so adopted. Adop- ter data retrieval system to enable processing of necessary data".- tion by statute is not a viable alternative either.-Edward J. Greaney, Representative Jean S. King. , Jr., Deputy State Director of Planning and Economic Development. 7. In the section on Implementing Recommendations, Citizens' 14. The following statement was submitted by Mr. Robert R. Standing to Sue, insert the following sentence after the second para- Way, Chief Planning Officer, City and County of Honolulu. graph: "It should be noted that the Commission's national consultant, "It will be recalled that at an early meeting of the Temporary Dr. Paul Ylvisaker, strongly urged that the Commission make the Commission, I presented two statements to the TCEP. They standing to sue part of the proposed environmental policy of the were dated May 29, 1973. The first covered a statement on an State ".-Representative Jean S. King approach as to how the Commission might proceed. The second was a statement in connection with the Commission's role and concerns for the environment should be a part of a truly com- function. Copies of these two statements are attached. prehensive planning process. Any attempts to view the ques- Briefly summarized, my views, at this time, are as follows: tion otherwise is simply a distortion and represents an imbal- 1. 1 believe t.hat the positions expressed in the two statements ance in the true perspective of how to approach and deal with attached are still, valid. More specifically, my concerns have issues. The rationale for developing policies for virtually all been realized. The "process" through which the Commission major governmental concerns under the umbrella of environ- undertook its work has not produced valid policies. It has pro- mental issues, which are as yet quite undefined, is quite ques- duced simply a "wish list" of what the "environment" should tionable-is the tail wagging the dog? be like. It has also proposed actions on matters that we have no In conclusion, it should be made quite clear that I am not in dis- control over. agreement with the objective of addressing the matter of ex- 2. The approach, findings, and recommendations are not real- amining how we deal with environmental concerns. However, istic in terms of how government does its business. They do not the process which was undertaken is defective. This.is a point provide an adequate basis for orienting or initiating government that I have attempted. to make on numerous occasions. There programs and activities. There are major conflicts between the have been inadequate human and financial resources devoted various "goals", "policies", and other statements. These con- to the effort and the effort lacked sufficient and adequate tech- flicts reduce the lofty-sounding statements to mere platitudes' nical guidance and direction. As a consequence, the product's The reason for this is there is a totally inadequate technical usefulness is questionable." basis for the statements. They have no relationship to costs, benefits, or an analytical foundation in social and economic impact. What are the trade-offs? What are the alternatives? STATEMENT OF POSITION IN CONNECTION WITH THE What are the consequences? These vital questions are left un- WORK OF THE TEMPORARY COMMISSION ON STATEWIDE' 50 answered and unaddressed, Many statements are so vague and ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING contradictory as,to make them inoperable. Other statements ar ,e specific far beyond the analysis used to establish the level Robert R. Way, Planning Director of detail proposed. City and County of Honolulu Another rather fundamental point relating to the process The purpose of this statement is to put together some thoughts which I have touched upon previously, but feel should be elabo- in connection with the Temporary Commission's role and function. rated here, is that there are no stated criteria for evaluating As I see it, the purpose of the Temporary Commission is to ''inte- the various proposals that have been set forth. It seems to. me grate the development of policies" with the objective being achieving that this is another significant technical omission and relates to thoughts expressed in my suggestions for a method of ap- the goal of preserving "the quality of our environment and life styles proaching the work of the Temporary Commission. This in Hawaii." omission raises the question of how the "decisions" were made, The proposal is that the Temporary Commission would develop 3. With reference to the bills proposed in the report, the linkage policies for some nine elements set forth under the broad umbrella of between the expressions of policy is not made explicit. Put environmental protection." This is to be done by November 1, 1973. another way, how do the proposed laws relate to the findings There is no question that policies for the various "elements" are or policy statements of the Temporary Commission? Until interrelated. It can, therefore, be concluded that the concept of the such relationships and alternatives are shown, it is not possible proposal has validity. to evaluate the merits of the proposed bills. While the concept is valid, the proposed "process" will not yield 4. Finally, I am concerned that the approach was to group ma- valid policies, but simply a "Christmas list" of what the "environment" jor issues in the community for reconciliation under the so- should be like. called umbrella of environmental protection. Considerations of This approach has no relation to reality in government and cer- environmental issues are important. However, they should not tainly does not, provide an adequate basis for orienting or initiating be the basis under which all planning should take place. Rather, government programs and activities. It will soon be found that there are maj .or conflicts between the various "goals," "policies," and other It seems to me, only after we know (1) what is to be accom- statements of objectives. plished; (2) the functions ofthe Commission; (3) the products of its The second thought is one in the form of a question as to the. ra- efforts; and (4) how these, products would be developed, will we be on tionale *for developing policies for all of the nine identified, major the right track toward a productive effort in looking at the matter of governmental concerns under the umbrella of "environmental protec- environmental concerns. tion." These environmental protection concerns are as yet quite un- defined and, therefore, the question is raised: "Is the (environmental) tail wagging the (government decision-making process through plan- ILLUSTRATIVE STRATEGIES ning) dog?" The Temporary Commission reviewed many reports and received numerous, recommendations on specific actions or'programs. How- ever, it was the decision of the Commission that it should not specif- STATEMENT ON THE METHOD OF APPROACH FOR THE ically recommend a list of detailed programs of actions-, there was not TEMPORARY COMMISSION ON STATEWIDE sufficient time to evaluate them carefully. Rather, it is more appro- ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING priate to list herein the many kinds of strategies that could be devel- oped into specific legislation, actions, or.programs. Those listed here- Robert R. Way, Planning Director under are for purposes of illustration only. Some are in direct conflict City and County of Honolulu with each other. They contain a wealth of ideas for future public dis- I have felt it worthwhile to set down some thoughts as to how,the cussion '.'After the basic goals and policies recommended in this report are enacted into law as the environmental policy of the State, it would Commission might approach its tasks. First, it must be stated that there is a question as to just what the then be appropriate to consider enacting the kinds of strategies il- specific tasks of the Commission might or should be. lustrated here. Sources are given for the strategies listed; TCEP stands 51 for the Temporary Commission on Environmental Planning. It should There is no question that concerted effort toward resolving prob- be noted that the source, "The. Use of Land," is a recently published lems in environmental protection is worthwhile. The problem is how to book, a Task Force Report sponsored by the Rockefeller Brothers develop a rational basis for effective coordination. Fund. The chairman of the Task Force was Mr. Laurance S. Rbcke- I think it is, first, necessary to define much more specifically what feller-, the deputy chairman was Dr. Paul N. Ylvisaker, who was the is to be accomplished. national consultant to TCEP on this report. Second, I think there needs to be a better definition and under- CONSERVATION standing of what the Commission's function should be. 1 .Consider the following for protection and conservation as natural Third, I think it is important to define what the products of the resources: Commission's efforts would be. If the Commission is intended to de- a. Areas necessary for. the protection and propagation of speci- velop policies for a number of issues, then I must question the feasi- fied endangered native wildlife, and conservation for natural bility of the proposed structure. ecosystems of endemic plants, fish and wildlife. We now have in the State and in the Counties, planning processes b. Lands necessary for the preservation of forests, park lands, wil- and procedures designed to formulate policies. It is through this proc- derness and beach areas. ess that new policies for the City and County, for example, must be c. Lands with a general slope of 20 percent or more which pro- developed and existing policies changed. This is not to be construed vide open space amenities or possess unusual scenic qualities. to imply that it is undesirable to work toward improvement of the d. Lands necessary for the protection of watershed, water sources planning process, possibly even through such a Commission, to insure and water supplies. that environmental protection matters are taken into account. How (Source: Hawaii County General Plan) this will be accomplished is my concern. 2. Enact and enforce legislation to provide for the early identifi- Finally, I think it is essential to define and understand how the cation and protection of endangered species. (Source: President products of the Commission would be'developed. Nixon's 1972 Environmental Program) -ap Builueldai PUB SJSWOJ aAIJBU buiuiBlaj - jo Aoilod B t4silqPIS3 '9@ p)iq.'S@Ajasejd ajjlpl!m butaq soldwexo -poll! wjad asn pal!wil (AIGIDOS leoluelog ql!M U01leAJE)sE)jd ang jol ap!se waqj las PUB spuel Al!luopl -gl, :aoAnoS) -puelsl big aqj uo puel>ljed uielunow eo>l eqj se qons (uajnH -H njopoaqj SWOISASODE) E)AIIEU PE)JE)bu2PuE) ul slBU-11uB 0110xO E)IBU1(_UAGlx3 'L@ :@oAnoS) 'jjeJPJGA0 10 lInsaj e se juawqoeojoua ja@em eas qbnojql (AIE)iooS uoqnpnV :aojnoS) -bui swalsAs je@!nbe joleAA qsajj jo uoijejoijolop joqljhl @ql JUGA@Ad 'V -junq JOI !!BmeH ol saioacls 17awiue mou jo uoilonpoilui aqj p!qjoj -9,7 (Ijoclai ,BGS 0qI PUB 11BAA?H,, :E)ojnoS) *Aalem olui (Aj@10OS U01le .AAE)SUOO I!oS :eoinoS) 'WNTH ol paldepe lepajew snopiezeq jeqlo jo I!o jo ll!ds aqj Aq palean Aouabjawa se lOAjUO0 Juaw.1pas PUB uoisoia I!os jol joV @I-elS JE)POA E)ql jOeU] 'S,7 aqj ol buipuodsai Al@oinb pue buisuas jol 'ipajeubisap AlAeolo Ali qqsuodsoi ql!m 'ueld 8A1suaqajdWO0 B eAiloe claa>l pue doIE)AE)C] 'C[ (d3oi :@oAnoS) .lOjjUO0 juawipes pue uO1sOjq J!Os J01 U011jelsibal alels JOBUE) vz (qnlo enaiS :E)ojnoS) (bul,1081-11bul 10 0601100 -H-n :aojnoS) 'lewjGqjo9b pue 'lei -sem e>inew ui spuel leuoileajoaA peumo-Aloilqnd pue sauilajOqs -uajajj!p aA.njej;q.dwqj ueeoo 'UO[IeIPBJ RJOS '9AeAA 'PUIM se qons S'alels qqj Ol oilqnd aqj Aq SS933e 00JI E)AAE)sojd pue qsilqels3 Z saoAnos AbAauo leinjeu.uo juawdol9AGP PUB q0JeGS@J lioddnS -C@ (ssoibuoo AjIsnpul JOA8JJ :E)c)jnoS) (AIG10 -seaje ojoqs jo uoij!sinboe oilqnd jo weibo)d jo.few e qsilqelse PUB _OS lboibolooelen :aojnoS) 'sueld juawleag abemas juawaldwi ZU7 seujlejoqs eql o .I ssaooE oilqnd ea,ij ql!m aouejapalui I!q!qojj (X00 -buiq@!j ob ol jqbij s,lBnP!A1P -ui eql looloid OSIV :OION (,,eE)S 81-11 is @eoC] -jC] :ao,inos) ',qUOz qoeecl EMIJOe 8qj,U1 uoilonjisuoo jo uoil!q!q PUB "EmBR, :I)OdaH ale -oid PUB 12AOWOJ pues jo uoil!q!qojd uallo si uoileAlOSUOD qoeaq E)ojnoS) 'SGAA@sa)d pue s>ljed jalemiapun jo welsAs aqj pueclxE] -0[ jo sueaw lsaq Gqi :@ION (ueld lejE)ua!D Alunoo !!BmeH :aojnoS) U61/69 joV Aq pel!q!q 'lOAjuO0 uoisoja pues pue luawqsiuE)Idej qoeaq JOJ OP!AbAd 'L@ -oid Apeeile si Slqi :91ON (AleiooS leoiuelog :eojnoS) -saoinosaj (uEld leinleu jo qlleaq 'ajnllnoiljoq 'E)jnllnoijbe ol lnlwAeq Alleiluelod jejouE)!D Alunoo !!emeH :eojnoS) 'SPUBI OIE?Aijd uo uoijejolsaj Ao jejuawplap -slueld jo slewiue Aue jo uoileliodwi E)ql 1!q!qojd -6 ZG obe,inopua oslV -spuel oilqnd uo s@l!s 01JOIsiq jueoij!Als oJOISOH OE (wnasnn doqsig :E)ojnoS) -Al!njadjad (ueld lejaue!D Alunoo HemeH :aojnoS) -aoueoipubis 12E)jb Ul sail!unwwoo bUlAll 10 S31jS1JC)j0BJeq3 PUB @j!l bUlUleWGJ Gqj jo we Aoql ssolun sE)I!s polelosi albuis uet4l jeqlej saxaldwoo ol jo >lInq Gql 10 UO1jeAAGSGjd E)jnsue ol azis juaioijIns jo SE)AJOSOJ PUB IXGIUOO Ul slepajew leuibijo 10 aouejapuodaid e ql!m qsoqj pE)IoE)Iojd se puelsi q380 UO SWE)ISASOZ)@ E)A1jBjU@sajdaA op!se 19S -9 oi aouejaiaid GA15 'SE)I!S 01jolsiq builoaloid pue buijenlEA' (Alapos leoluel 0 ul '61 (aojoj @sej Isbuipl!ng 01JOIsIH :oojnoS) 'S@JBWPUBJ 01JOISILl JGAO -og :oojnoS) -alels juasaid jieql ui swelsAsooo eAIJBU pc)qjnlsipun AIGAIJBIaJ U18101 PUB OAAc)sE)jd ol saioil od dOIE)AOP pue slueld oiloxe sjqbij JIB 10 JalsuejI bql se qons 'UOIIeAJE)sejd jq slool AAE)u @E)E)S -9l, PUB GAIJeU u@E)/v\laq uoijoejejui oiweuAp eqj uo qojeE)saj lonpuoo -L sbuipl!ng 01JOIsIH :aojnoS) ,-asn oilqnd,, ql!m polenbe aq plnoqs (wnasnA doqsig :E)ojnoS) -Baxe Aue Adnooo ol pamolle aq ll!m qoiq/\A jdaouoo ,j!jauaq oilqnd,, eqj uo paseq aq pinoAA uoileapap jeqj slewiue 10 jaqwnu aqj 5umiwialop jol spAepuejs dOIGAE)(] -9 siq 1 -asn lep@WWOD 012Aijd ui uiewa) plnoo leql Aliadoid oijolsiq (AlaiooS leowelog :c)oAnoS) 'siseq Al!oedeo buiAijec) UOIIBIOb@A sasoclind jailej xel joj s5uipl!nq 31JOISILl Se U01leDIPOP JOI @P!AOAd 'Z[ 2 ol seopeid juawabeuaw abuej PUB JUE)WE)58UBW E)Web jJ,9AUO3 -9 (!!emBH 1 0 00AGwwOO (AlejooS uoqnpnV :aojnoS) -japio jejuawliedap jo )oqweqo :ao,inoS) 'slqbij sAE)u/\Ao Aliadoid jo uoilooloid aqj JO @AllnoE)xa Aq pajalle aq louueo leql sE)bnjE)j'pajoE)joAd GP!AOJd T 101 UOISIAoid alenbape ql!m Emeoipu5is lepos Pue 01jaqjsqe 'Jeo (A1013 -!jolsiq 'leinjino 'lejnjoaj!qoje leiluelsqns @o sailiadoid jo uoijejol -oS uoqnpnV:eojnoS) -swelsAsooa polewsse jiaql PUB slewwew -SE)J PUB U01leAJosaid E)qj buipunj pue uoilelsibal qbnojql ainsul -9[ pue spAiq pa,iabuepua PUB snouabipiu! looloAd 01 (@LW 6V (sJ910A uE)U-1OM loV PUB 'saioacls OIJOXG lOJjUO3 01 UOISSIWWOO AJOSIAPV saioadS jo anbeal :aojnoS) -seaje ssaujE)pl!m pue sueje pE)qsjalem leoilpo jewiuV ue 5uiqsilqelso (OZ61) 961 JOV 'WE)ISAS SOAJOSGH B8JV 'SOI!S 01JOISIq tB@Ae 01JOISIq PUB 011-103S 0Aijeju@saAd@A'sE)iAenjoues lejnleN e buiqsilqelsa (OL6 0 9C 1. IoV luE)wE)Idwi AlsnojObIA -C nuded areas or areas of introduced trees with native trees, that seem to require a balancing of public benefit against land (Source: Bishop Museum) value loss in every case and declare that, when the protection of 29. Where commercial forestry with exotic trees is proved feasible, natural, cultural, or aesthetic resources or the assurance of or- establish tree plantations only in areas which have been pre- derly development are involved, a mere loss in land value is no viously cleared, not in primary native forests. (Source: Botanical justification for invalidating the regulation, of land use. (Source: SIociety) I "The Use of Land: A Citizens' Policy Guide to Urban Growth") 30. Declare surfing sites as ocean parks subject to permanent con- 42. Historic properties are vulnerable to the same threats as open servation. (Source: Save Our Surf) sp@ce, and their preservation often poses the same buy-it-or-lose 31. Require on all publicly-owned shoreline lands which are* less than' it dilemma to local authorities. We see historic districts and build- fully developed, irrespective of zoning or land use classification, ings benefiting from the approach and many of the techniques there should be 300 feet of open space dedicated to public use;, we recommend for protecting privately owned open space, an ap- and that this setback be measured from the most inshore or on- proach based primarily on regulation, not purchase. (Source: "The record line of wave action, or from the top of the pali landward Use of Land: A Citizens' Policy Guide to Urban Growth"), should that type of topography be involved. (Source: State report, 43. We need broadened classifications for historic areas. Present cri- "Hawaii and the Sea") teria for listing in The National Register of Historic Places are that 32. Terminate or prohibit all shoreline construction from the 40-foot the area possess integrity of location, design, setting, materials, setback line to the three-mile offshore limit, unless authorized by workmanship, feeling, and associations and represent a signifi- specific legislative act. (Source: Save Our Surf) cant and distinguishable entity. These criteria discriminate against areas with a stylistic mixture, areas that can often support a varied 33. Extend the shoreline setback provided by Act 136/1970 from rent structure and provide a refreshing diversity of uses and peo- 40 feet to 1,000 feet. (Source: Save Our Surf) ple. We 'Urge that urban neighborhoods characterized by a mix of 34. Prohibit all shoreline building which is not water-related. uses, a vitality of street life, and a physical integrity be recognized 53 (Source: Outdoor Circle) on the National Register as "conservation areas." (Source: ' "The 35, Declare all fishponds to be State Treasures to be preserved in per- Use of Land: A Citizens' Policy Guide to Urban Growth") petuity. (Source: Save Our Surf) 44. State legislation and local regulations should assure that adequate 36, Place the entire burden of proof on any person or corporation public accessways exist before allowing the subdivision or devel- which would destroy, remove or change any aspect of Hawaii's opment of private property adjacent to public beaches and water- cultural heritage, including wildlife, native plants and trees, and fronts. (Source: "The Use of Land: A Citizens' Policy Guide to Ur- land forms. (Source: Sierra Club, Hawaii Chapter) ban Growth") 37, Redefine the "highest and best use" tax concept as applied to 45. Federal estate tax laws and regulations should be amended to assessment of historic property. Give special tax consideration to permit the transfer to the federal government of land determined properties zoned by counties as historic. (Source: Historic Build- by the Secretary of the ' Interior to be of national significance, ings Task Force) with the fair market value of the land offset against federal estate 38. Restrict removal of newly-found Hawaiian artifacts from the State tax liabilities. (Source: "The Use of Land: A Citizens' Policy Guide and declare them to be the property of the State, (Source: Travel to Urban Growth") Industry Congress) Note: This may be unconstitutional. 46. Since it is neither feasible nor acceptable for governments to acquire the vast agricultural and natural areas that ought to be 39. Require developers of land, either public or private, to provide conserved' with in future urban regions, mechanisms to protect a historical survey prior to clearing or development of land when privately held open space are essential. Without such mechanisms, there are indications that the land under consideration has histori- even moderate objectives of protection programs are unlikely to cal significance. (Source: Hawaii County General Plan) be achieved. (Source: "The Use of Land: A Citizens' Policy Guide 40, Acquire public access to significant historic sites and objects. to Urban Growth".) (Source: Hawaii County General Plan) 47. State and local legislative bodies should continue to adopt strin- 41. It is time that the U.S. Supreme Court re-examine its precedents gent planning and regulatory measures whenever they believe them fair and necessary to protect natural, cultural, and aesthetic 5. Maintain a statewide program of education in family planning values. This legislation, in addition to its direct benefits, can help services and available birth control devices. (Source: Zero Pop- create a climate of opinion in which lawmakers and judges will ulation Growth) regard strong, needed restrictions as a proper exercise of govern- 6. Support expansion of higher and continuing educational services mental power. (Source: "The Use of Land: A Citizens' Policy Guide and institutions; locate those institutions in support of the popu- to Urban Growth") lation distribution policies. (Source: TCEP) 48, For historic preservation, as for open space protection, the first 7. Mandate all State agencies to guide their activities and . planning requisite is a framework for regulation, preferably a statewide in accord with the established population policies. (Source: TCEP) system for registration of historic districts and properties and a 8. Stabilize the State's resident population at or below a population clear policy favoring preservation. States should enact appropriate ceiling of one million residents. (Source: Citizens for Hawaii) legislation to implement the Model State Guidelines for Historic Note: This might encourage rapid in-migration. (Source: General Preservation recommended by the Council of State Governments Contractors Association) among its 1972. suggested legislative proposals. (Source: "The 9. Mandate all State agencies to guide their activities and planning Use of Land: A. Citizens' Policy Guide to Urban Growth") in accord with the established population ceiling. (Source: Citi- 49. State as well as local governments should establish protective zens for Hawaii) regulations to prevent development. that would be incompatible 10. Fund and mandate educational programs on the dangers of over- with open space needs in critical agricultural and environmental population and methods of contraception. (Source: Citizens for areas. Where protected areas are carefully selected through com- Hawaii) prehensive planning, states should authorize and 'encourage, in appropriate cases, very low density 'zoning, including, for exam- 11. Remove restrictions on the sale and advertising of birth control ple, requirements for 50 or more acres per dwelling unit. Enact- devices. (Source: Zero Population Growth) 54 ment of pending national land-use policy legislation is urgently 12. Amend State income tax laws to abolish deductions for dependent recommended as a means to encourage state and local regulation children and seek similar Federal changes. (Source: Citizens for in a balanced framework that is respectful both of conservation Hawaii) and development priorities. (Source: "The Use of Land: A Citizens' 13. Provide free contraceptive drugs, devices and operations. to any Policy Guide to Urban Growth") resident requesting same. (Source: Citizens for Hawaii) 50. Limit shell collecting. (Source: Citizen comment) 14..Control the pet population. (Source: citizen comment) ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES POPULATION I .Consider pollution control as a cost of doing business. Citizens NOTE: The new Commission on Population and the Hawaiian Future as consumers and taxpayers must expect such costs to be 'passed established by the 1973 Legislature will be a permanent 11 - on to them. (Source: League of Women Voters) member body to give guidance in this area. 2. Establish pollution control priorities on, a problem basis with the 1. Develop alternative population policies, and careful analyses of development of performance standards applicable locally their consequences so that citizens can make an enlightened poli- (Source@ Chamber of Commerce of Hawaii) Note: Effluent,, am- cy choice. (Source: Chamber of Commerce of Hawaii) bient and other pollution control standards should also be devel- 2. Maintain a continuing program of research on,migration to and oped locally and do not need to be uniform statewide., (Source: from the State, including detailed data on migrants plus the rea- Dr. Doak Cox) sons for migration. (Source: Citizens for Hawaii) 3. Establish definite programs to encourage recycling and resource 3. Study conditions under which the State might constitutionally recovery. Consider fees on new or imported cars to finance their control migration. (Source: Citizens for Hawaii) ultimate disposal, a ban on drink containers that are not returna- 4. Make voluntary family planning services available to all persons ble, a mandatory deposit on such containers, separation of regardless of age, sex, income level, or marital status. (Source: household wastes to attract secondary materials dealers. (Source: Zero Population Growth) League of Women Voters) 4. Encourage more re-use and recyclin 'g of waste water and solid erably with energy recovery; composting; and recycling. (Source: wastes. (Source: Outdoor Circle) League of Women Voters) 5. Support diversification of,agriculture and the development of ex- 18. Government should share with private industry the responsibility port markets. (Source: TCEP) for increasing the demand for recycled materials. (Source: League 6. Develop guidelines for the construction industry so as to lessen of Women Voters) environmental degradation, including noise during construction. 19. Stagger cane burning to keep the air clear. (Source: Pauoa Com- (Source: TCEP) munity Association) Note: This is now being done in cooperation 7. Provide governmental capital improvements programs in support with the State Department of Health. of economic and population goals. (Source: TCEP) 20. During drought conditions, government should subsidize small' 8. Formulate the analytical framework for environmental analysis, ranches to assure the survival of their cattle. (Source: Maui Ranchers Association) to include benefit-cost analysis, forecasting, and reviewing exist- 21. There should be a warehouse stocked with Federal surplus grain ing economic activities as they affect the State. (Source: TCEP) to be used in time of drought. (Source: Maui Ranchers Associat ion) 9. Re-evaluate all economic goals and policies, particularly in the 22. Insure that all possible environmental effects are considered as area of tourism, to insure compatibility with any overall State en- early as possible in the planning process for development activ- vironmental and land use policies. (Source: TCEP) ities and definitely before funds are expended and plans finalized. 10. Share costs of water resources development among the State,. (Source: American Lung Association) local governments and private users on the basis of benefits re- 23. Discourage foreign investment in Hawaiian real properties. ceived and ability to pay. (Source: League of Women Voters) (Source: Citizen comment) 11. Encourage the expansion of diversified agriculture, the fishing LAND USE industry, jewelry utilizing black and pink coral and olivine. 5@ (Source: Conference on the Year 2000) 1.,Promote and encourage the rehabilitation and utilization of ur- 12.. Attract to Jdawaii industries engaged in research and develop- ban areas which are serviced by basic community facilities Iand ment, also "footloose industries" of a service nature which do not utilities. (Sou'rce: Hawaii County General Plan) necessarily have to be near a large population center. (Source: 2. Establish Land Zoning Banks from which land use zoning may be Conference on the Year 2000) allocated to specified urban center .s and districts. (Source: Ha- 13. Encourage.the lpossibility of Hawaii becoming a communication waii County General Plan) center for the Pacific. (Source: Conference on the Year 2000) 3. Establish a Land Bank for purchase of land with public funds for low cost housing and to make authentic "new towns" possible. 14. Establish a priority system within the State's capital improve- (Source: Overview report) ment program to develop tourist destination areas in better rela- tionship to the total communi ,ty and the State. (Source: Travel In- 4. Require the donation of land in development tracts to public own- dustry Congress) ership for public open space. (Source: Travel Industry Congress) Note: Now required by Act 140/1970 but not fully implemented 15. Prepare a statewide plan for the visitor industry to: as of this date. a. Determine optimum size. 5. Issue incremental approval for zoning based on performance in b. Prescribe locations of destination areas, size, type, facilities, accord with submitted plans. (Source: Travel Industry Congress) and schedule of development. (Source: Waikiki Improvement As- 6. Find means for quicker action than now exist to plan and protect sociation). monuments such as Diamond Head, areas like the Civic Center, 16. Determine the. agricultural levels and industrial activity needed to and natural landmarks such as Salt Lake. (Source: Save Diamond support an ultimate population of one million residents. (Source: Head Association) Citizens for Hawaii) 7. Make available for public use Federal lands in Hawaii not needed 17. Accept the following disposal methods as acceptable options for to implement national policies. (Source: Chamber of Commerce of Hawaii: landfill compacted and covered daily; incineration, pref- Hawaii) 8. Encourage public and private landowners to join together in co- a. improved zoning regulations, operative planning efforts that effectively subordinate property b. compensable regulations, boundaries to the greater interest of coordinated regional land use c. fee acquisition with resale subject to conditions, patterns. (Source: Conference on the Year 2000) d. delayed purchase with resale subject 'to conditions, 9. Use property assessment and land taxes as effective tools for en- e. acquisition of development rights, couraging desired practices and discouraging those land activi- f, acquisition of air rights and view corridors. ties considered detrimental to the general interest. (Source: Con- (Source: Chamber of Commerce of Hawaii) ference on the Year 2000) 18. Outright purchase should be used for preserving open space, 10. Pooi private and public lands together with offshore waters and where possible,' but purchase of easement and air rights should air rights into the custody of a central trust in order to manage also be studied. (Source: Citizens for Hawaii) environmental quality. (Source: Conference on the Year 2000) 19. Encourage housing rehabilitation and increased population densi- 11. Affirm that the public interest in land use can be maintained in ties in urban areas where existing public facilities are under-utilized spite of individual or political pressures to the contrary. The pub- and can readily support Iadditional population. (Source: Depart- lic interest shall be delineated clearly by means defined in poli- ment of Education) cies specifically directed to land use. (Source: Chamber of Com- 20. Initiate development codes to require resort developers to pro- merce of Hawaii) vide housing and community facilities for their employees where 12. Make agriculturally productive land and potentially productive needed. (Source: Travel Industry Congress) land available to,qualified farmers and organizations on a tenure 21. Overhaul tax laws that penalize open space and low density. basis which permits effective capitalization and economic utiliza- (Source: Chamber of Commerce of Hawaii) tion. (Source: State report, "Opportunities for Hawaiian Agricul- 22. Use tax policy to curb speculative activity around resort areas. 56 ture") For example, give tax relief to owners who will dedicate their land 13. Subsidize agricultural water development without the require- to present use and agree not to improve properties to, higher den- ment that such funds be fully repaid, but that reasonable charges sity. (Source: State report, ''Hawaii Tourism Impact Plan,'' 1972) be made to water users to defray operational, maintenance and 23. Tax land on regulated use rather than highest and best 'use. other costs. (Source: State report, "Opportunities for Hawaiian (Source: Overview report) Agriculture") 24. Prepare, or update as appropriate, State and county general plans 14. Continue to grant preferential treatment to agricultural lands. which are coordinated and support the goals and policies oh land Zoning shall protect and maintain agricultural lands from urban use. (Source: TCEP) encroachment. Use agricultural lands as one form of open space 25. Have the composition of the Land Use Commission reflect the or green belt. (Source: Hawaii County General Plan) fact that over 80 percent of the State's population is on Oahu. 15. Legislatively confirm all implied easements which constitute -Have a majority of members from Oahu with each Neighbor rights-of-way to mountain and shoreline areas; and confirm pub- county represented by its planning director and one local citizen. lic ownership of all beaches in the State to the line of vegetation. (Source: Oahu Development Conference) (Source: Overview report) 26. Prepare county general plans that will conform with State plans 16. Guarantee access by easement to mauka ridge and valley trails and policies and which detail how existing and proposed urban through new and existing subdivisions. Guarantee the public's areas should be developed. (Source: TCEP) access under similar circumstances to shoreline areas. (Source: 27. Make changes in State land use district boundaries and county Overview report) Note: Public access to shoreline and mountain zoning which conform to and implement adopted State and coun- areas is now required when land is subdivided by Act 143/ ty general plans. (Source: TCEP) 1973. 28. Restructure urban land use patterns in appropriate neighbor- 17. For open space and recreation sites, public acquisition in fee sim- hoods so they become more dense and more compact than at ple may not always be necessary to assure public use. The follow- present, yet surrounded and interspersed with parks and open ing should be considered: space. (Source: TCEP) 29. Restructure urban land use patterns with each neighborhood more 41. Adopt Overview's Statewide plan of proposed public open areas. dense and more compact than at present, yet surrounded and in- (Source: Overview report) terspersed with parks and open space. (Source: Conference on the 42. The Director of Taxation should sit on the Land Use Commission. Year 2000) (Source: Senator Kenneth Brown) 30. Establish an extensive,,aggressive beach park acquisition pro- 43. In newly developing areas, developers should contribute open gram now. (Source: TCEP) space or cash for the purchase of open space, sufficient at least to 31. Establish a substantial fund for an extensive and aggressive satisfy the reasonable needs of the residents of their develop- beach park acquisition program now. (Source: Outdoor Circle) ments. Local governments should adopt regulations requiring such 32. Establish certain lands as State Treasures to be administered by contributions, preferably in connection' with "clustbr" provisions. the State. Include scenic lands whose aesthetic values should be States should authorize and encourage the adoption of these local considered in environmental impact statements. (Source: Senator regulations or should adopt similar state regulations. (Source: Kenneth Brown) "The Use of Land: A Citizens' Policy Guide to Urban Growth") 33. Implement the Hawaii Coastal Zone Management Act of 1973 44. Governments at all levels should actively solicit open space dona- (Act 164/1973) (Source: TCEP) tions and should facilitate the work'of responsible private organi- 34. Implement the Federal Coastal Management Act of 1972 by de- zations, such as the Nature Conservancy, by granting them chari- voting the shoreline primarily to parks and open space readily ac- table status for real estate tax purposes. (Source: "The Use of cessible to the public; keeping coastal waters and reefs free of Land: ACitizens' Policy Guide to Urban Growth") commercial exploitation that would significantly pollute or impair 45. Mandatory dedication requirements (imposed on developers) can the marine environment; preserving historic sites, fishponds, be an equitable and inexpensive way to provide essential urban wildlife habitats, and areas'important to ecological studies along open space. We believe the requirements should be used even the shore. (Source: The Outdoor Circle) more widely than they already are. (Source: "The Use of Land: A 35. Create Time Zoning to assign deadlines to all land uses so; that, Citizens' Policy Guide to Urban Growth") 57 as technologies, life styles and consequent needs change, obso- 46. Governments and charitable organizations have a significant lete and incompatible uses can be progressively erased and con- opportunity to preserve open space. by providing owners with a verted to uses more beneficial to the community. (Source: Con- just and convenient method of donating urbanization rights and ference on the Year 2000) then persuading owners to use it. In time, we believe, ownership 36. Permit both the counties. and the State to zone within conserva- of open spaces without urbanization rights should become as tion districts with the condition that the more restrictive zoning commonplace as ownership of land without mineral rights. (Source: shall prevail. (Source: Resolution of the 1972 Hawaii Congress "The Use of Land: -A Citizens' Policy Guide to Urban Growth") of Planning Officials) 47. Incentives are often needed to encourage protection and to back 37. Declare a moratorium on further use of agricultural, open, con- up regulations. Because incentives, involve a trade-off offering the servation and watershed lands for development into housing. landowner something in-return for a,desired response-care must (Source: Sierra Club) be taken to assure that public benefits are commensurate with, 38. Force land already urban-zoned into use before considering pe- public costs. (Source: "The Use of Land: A Citizens' Policy Guide titions to rezone other lands. (Source: League of Women Voters) to Urban Growth") 39. Resist al,l efforts to release more, State land to fee simple owner- 48. Measures that grant partial relief from real estate taxes on farms ship or to break up the big estates, while initiating a program to in urbanizing areas, in force in about half the states, should be re- reacquire ownership of all land in Hawaii in the name of the State. examined to assure that the public benefit in open space protec-* (Source: Conference on the Year 2000) tion ' warrants the substantial expense reduced taxes entail. 40. Match the above control with public control of the prices of land (Source: "The Use of Land: A Citizens' Policy Guide to Urban under the principle of unjust enrichment, so that public reacquisk Growth") tion of land would not be a hopeless dream. (Source: Conference 49. We are persuaded that a mix of techniques, including public on the Year 2000) acquisition of land and of development rights in strategic land parcels (those Iocated along highways, directly adjoining ur- "The Use of Land: A Citizens' Policy Guide to Urban Growth") banized areas, and along waterfronts) but with primary reliance 55. For the 'convenience of all concerned- bu i Iders, neighbors, ad- on federally supported, state@administered, non-com pensatory ministrators, the general @public-a convenient, nondiscretionary regulations appears to present the only realistic hope of achiev- mechanism must be provided so that the mass of small projects ing the permanent protection of critical open spaces, including can proceed without elaborate review-a mechanism resembling buffer zones between urbanized areas. (Source: 'The Use of today's nondiscretionary building permit. (Source: "The Use of Land: A Citizens' Policy Guide to Urban Growth") . Land: A Citizens' Policy Guide to Urban Growth") 1 1 50. To protect public open space against diversion to other public 56. For power plants and other critical development, project review use, states should, at a minimum, provide that (1 ) alternatives to procedures should be modified so that disapproval of one devel- the diversion. of parkland be formulated with full opportunity for opment'proposal must be accompanied, in the same proceeding, public comment; (2) any open space taken be replaced by other by approval of an alternative (or abandonment of the project if open space that will, wherever possible, meet similar public needs; need cannot be satisfactorily demonstrated). A much more (3) additional procedural protections be established to ensure care- thorough planning process is needed for this purpose as well as ful evaluation of proposals by one agency to condemn open space review agencies with larger geographical jurisdictions. Passage of under the jurisdiction of another agency; and (4) methods for the proposed power plant siting legislation would be an important determining the value of open space be improved so that any open step toward fulfilling this need. (Source: "The Use of Land: A space may be replaced by land of at least comparable monetary Citizens' Policy Guide to Urban Growth") value. (Source: "The Use of Land: A Citizens' Policy Guide to Ur- 57. Every element of the regulatory process, including deliberations, ban Growth") advisory recommendations, and final decisions, should take place 51. To achieve permanent protection, open spaces should be in- at advertised meetings open to the public. Local and state laws sulated as completely as possible from the market forces that now should establish open meeting requirements for all governmental 58 inexorably press them into development, One way to accomplish agencies responsible for land-use regulatilons. (Source: "The Use this objective is for owners of open spaces to give up or sell part of Land: A Citizens' Policy Guide to Urban Growth") of their property rights. Another is for local or state governments 58. To reduce the reality or appearance of conflicts of interest, state to regulate development of open spaces, requiring owners to main- and local laws should disqualify local and state officials from tain them as they are. (Source: "The Use of Land: A Citizens' Poli- voting or otherwise participating in any regulatory decision whose cy Guide to Urban Growth") outcome could confer financial benefit, or could appear to the 52. Decisions to construct sewers and to provide other public services public to confer financial benefit, to themselves, their families, or should be taken only after careful consideration of whether these their business or professional associates. All persons having any 'decisions will stimulate or discourage the development of desig- responsibility for land-use regulations, including elected and ap- nated open spaces. Plans for the location of federally assisted sew- pointed officials and employees, should also be required by law to ers should be consistent with state, regional, and local plans. make periodic public disclosure of their financial interests, and real (Source: "The Use of Land: A Citizens' Policy Guide to Urban estate holdings within the jurisdiction over which they exercise Growth") responsibility. (Source: "The Use of Land: A Citizens' Policy Guide 53. Extensive case preparation is necessary to demonstrate the con- to Urban Growth") stitutional validity and public benefit of land-use regulations. To 59. Just as state governments are intervening to provide more, protec- facilitate that preparation, the trend toward "environmental divi- tion in some areas, so must they intervene for more development, sions" within the offices of state attorneys general and county particularly the sort that local governments often exclude. (Source: and municipal attorneys should continue, and attorneys in these "The Use of Land: A Citizens' Policy Guide to Urban Growth",) divisions are urged to devote a substantial share of their efforts to 60. State legislation should deprive local governments of the power to land-use regulations. (Source: "The Use of Land: A Citizens' Poli- establish minimum-floor-area requirements for dwellings in ex- cy Guide to Urban Growth") cess of a statewide minimum established by statute. (Source: "The 54. Except for small projects with limited impact, discretionary re- Use of Land: A Citizens' Policy Guide to Urban Growth") view should be at the heart of development guidance.'(Source: 61. The small scale of most development remains a major obstacle to quality development. Although an increase in scale 'does not enjoyable and ecologically sound recreation communities and to guarantee higher quality, it significantly increases the developer's prevent lot sales where such communities seem unlikely to come opportunity to achieve quality. (Source: "The Use of Land: A Citi- into being. (Source: "The Use of Land: A Citizens' Policy Guide to zens' Policy Guide to Urban Growth") Urban Growth") 62. To promote large-scale development, communities should adopt 68. Local governments should establish subdivision requirements suf- planned unit development (PUD) regulations that permit flexi- ficient to assure that all subdivisions, whether for first or second bility in project design, subject to overall design review. The com- homes, will attain acceptable development standards. Adequate munity, as well as the developer, should have the power to re- public facilities, including water supply and sewage disposal facili- quire that significant projects be reviewed under PUD procedures. ties (installed or bonded) should be required as a condition of 'A part of the review should be patterned after environmental subdivision approval. (Source: "The Use of Land: A Citizens' impact statements. (Source: "The Use of Land: A Citizens' Policy Policy Guide to Urban Growth"), Guide to Urban Growth") 09. To reduce opportunities for high-pressure salesmanship, the fed- 63. Density bon Uses are one way to encourage larger scale develop- eral and state laws requiring full disclosure of lot sales informa- ment. Even though few localities- have yet been willing to grant tion to protect lot buyers should be amended to give buyers in lots sizable bonuses, and despite the risks in awarding vastly increased (in projects governed by the acts) *a non-waivable cooling-off density (and thus vastly increased land value, which raises the risk period of 30 days instead of the present 48 hours. The cooling- of corruption), we believe that large density bonuses should be off period should be granted to all buyers including those who authorized, in appropriate cases and after careful design review, have seen the land before they buy. The acts should also be to new communities and, other sizable projects. (Source: "The Use amended so that projects containing more than 50'lots are cov- of Land: A Citizens' Policy Guide to Urban Growth") ered, irrespective of the acreage contained in each lot. (Source: 64. Much of the excess of lots sales over second-home starts is the "The Use of Land: A Citizens' Policy Guide to Urban Growth") result of demand artificially inflated by high-pressure sales prac- 70. For the inexperienced buyers likely to be purchasing unimpi@oved 59 tices. Many buyers are encouraged to think of the lots as specula- lots, the protection afforded by disclosure' requirements is in- tive investments rather than as building sites to someday use and sufficient. We believe that a warranty is needed as well. Federal enjoy. (Source: "The Use of Land: A Citizens' Policy Guide to and state legislation should obligate the sellers of lots (in 'projects Urban Growth") containing 50 or more lots) to guarantee to each buyer that his lot 65. The states should establish governmental entities, comparable to will, for one year after the date on which the contract obligates New York's Urban Development Corporation, responsible for as- the seller to complete all improvements, to fit for construction sisting and when necessary directly undertaking large-scale of a dwelling. (Source: "The Use of Land: A Citizens' Policy Guide projects. These entities should have the full range of powers, in- to Urban Growth") cluding the power to override local land-use regulations, and the 71. Base land use planning on an inventory of natural resources and power to control the provision of public utilities, when necessary, potential land uses. (Source: Society of American Foresters) to overcome the barriers that now prevent most developers from 72. Place the two major functions now assigned to the Department of operating at the larger scales that the public interest requires. Planning and Economic Devplopme rnt into two separate depart- (Source: "The Use of Land: A Citizens' Policy Guide to Urban ments, emphasizing the new State Planning Department as the Growth") agency responsible for comprehensive planning in staff relation- 66. The development process should, insofar as possible, be shaped ship to the Governor. (Source: American Institute of Planners, by planning and regulatory bodies, lenders, accountants, ap- Hawaii Chapter) praisers, and other participants so that developers, homebuyers, and other consumers come to perceive the. maintenance and en- TRANSPORTATION hancement of quality as the key to profitability. Divergence be- 1. Establish a formal procedure-supported by a written memoran- tween quality and profitability should be minimized. (Source: "The dum of understand ing- between the Governor and the Mayors of Use of Land: A Citizens' Policy Guide to Urban Growth") the respective counties for carrying out continuing, compreheh- 67. The overall goal should be to encourage the creation of livable, sive, cooperative transportation planning processes in amanner that will insure that the planning decisions are reflective of and 15. Seek strict Federal controls on exhaust and noise pollutants from responsive to both the programs of the State and the environ- aircraft. (Source: Travel Industry Congress) mental needs and desires of the counties and communities. 16. Improve inter-island transportation of people, supplies, and (Source: State Department of Transportation) products. (Source: Department of Agriculture) 2. Adhere to a development process which will assure consideration 17. Develop a network of fast, convenient and low-fare public trans- of social, economic, and environmental factors and impacts in the portation service connecting all neighborhoods. (Source: TCEP) planning, location, and design of transportation facilities, in terms 18. Develop a network of fast, convenient and free public transporta- of State Department of Transportation "Action Plan" for highways. tion service connecting all neighborhoods. (Source: TCEP) (Source: Federal and State Departments of Transportation) 19. Require that transportation vehicles as well as the location and 3. Reduce excess fuel consumption and pollution emissions by work- design of transportation facilities adhere to accepted noise stan- hour staggering, car pooling and increased use of mass transit. dards and air quality criteria. (Source: TCEP) (Source: State Department of Transportation) 20. Require noise abatement of transportation vehicles. (Source: 4. Use revenues from the State fuel tax to fund vehicle emission in- State Department of Transportation) spection and maintenance programs. (Source: Interdepartmental Transportation Control Commission) 21. Establish environmentally controlled highways and utility cor- 5. Seek land use designations that reduce the need for mobility. ridors which use good design features and onvironmental,standards (Source: Interdepartmental Transportation Control Commission) to minimize. environmental impact. (Source: Utilities Environ- 6. Encourage less travel at peak hours, and more peak-hour service mental Task Force) 22. Recommend that the Legislature consider developing a formula by public carriers. (Source: Interdepartmental Transportation for cost-sharing environmental betterments of new utility installa- Control Commission) tions along State highways. (Source: Utilities Environmental Task 60 7. Use the amendment to the Federal Interstate Highway Act of Force) 1956 to permit Hawaii to use Highway Trust Fund monies on 23. Recommend that the Legislature consider authorizi,ng the State modes of transportation which will give the State a balanced and Highway Special Fund to pay for the additional costs of environ- environmentally superior transportation system. (Source: Over- mental betterments of utility installations incident to relocations view report) required by highway improvements. (Source: Utilities EnViron- 8. Coordinate planning of Federal, State, and County street systems mental Task Force) to meet other environmental policy goals. (Source: Hawaii County General Plan) 24. Landscape -transportation corridors and integrate them in design 9. Establish special scenic routes within and between communities. @with park-like open spaces separating neighborhoods. (Source: (Source: Hawaii County General Plan) Conference on the Year 2000) 10. Develop a statewide bikeway system. (Source: TCEP) 25. Prohibit hydrofoil and high speed boats outside of existing ship- 11. Create a bikeway system to serve maj .or.inland parks and join ping lanes for all islands, (Source: Save Our Surf). beach parks in island-round bikeways. (Source: The Outdoor 26. Seek strict Federal controls on exhaust and noise pollutants from Circle) aircraft. Some have already been enacted or proposed. (Source: 12. Eliminate the future necessity for the individually owned auto- Citizens Against Noise) mobile whenever possible. (Source: Conference on the Year 2000) 27. Include water vehicles in noise abatement regulations for vehicles. 13. Designate a portion of any increases in taxes or fees on auto- (Source: Citizens Against Noise) mobiles for maintenance and beautification of our highways. 28. Control the number of transportation units, including private (Source: The Outdoor Circle) automobiles, as required to meet energy conservation and other 14., Acquire sufficient rights-of-way along highways to provide scenic environmental goals. (Source: Sierra Club) pull-offs, picnic and litter-drop areas. Undertake such a program 29. Encourage the use of bicycles, mass transit, and other alternatives now before development patterns make change costly or imp6s, to the private automobile. (Alternatively, favor the use of trans- sible. (Source: The Outdoor Circle) portation modes which minimize the per person consumption of energy, land, and other resources) (Source: Sierra Club) 8. Provide a wide choice of housing opportunities in' various density 30. Restrict the increase in numbers of private automobiles. (Source: types which have quality design and are in harmony with the Citizen comment) topography. (Source: TCEP) 31. Accelerate the development of rapid tra nsit on Oahu. (Source: 9. Design residential units to help reduce the possibility of crime. Citizen comment) .(Source: TCEP) 32, In the interest of preservation of open space, prevention of in- 10. Design urban communities to separate traffic from pedestrians; creased air pollution and economics of people-moving, stop plan- provide footpaths and bikeways; provide easy access to public ning and development of new highways through new corridors. transit. Through design, help reduce possibilities for crime and (Source: Citizen comment) violence. (Source: TCEP) 1'1. Establish design review boards in all counties for scenic, historic COMMUNITY ENVIRONMENTS and cultural districts as technical review committees of public and 1 .Where appropriate, correct urban blight through conservation, private construction. (Source: TCEP) urban renewal and urban redevelopment programs. @Source: 12. Finance a landscaping program in the same way a minor, portion TCEP) of public building construction money now is used for art. 21. Preserve desirable existing structures and facilities through appli- (Source: Botanical Society) cation and enforcement of modern housing codes and other 13. Include tree-planting standards in all- urban design standards. regulatory means. (Source: TCEP) (Source: The Outdoor Circle) 3. Regulate developm 'ent of new structures and facilities by updated 14. Include a landscape architect on all public works design teams. State and locate codes and ordinances. (Source: TCEP) (Source: The Outdoor Circle) 4. Redevelop and improve the aesthetic and architectural appear- 15. Use landscaping as a noise control factor on highways and tree ance of blighted residential, commercial, industrial, and ' institu- planting for climatic control in urban areas. (Source: Chamber of 61 tional structures and their surrounding areas. (Source.: Depart- Commerce of Hawaii) ment of Budget and Finance) 16. Prevent further loss of historic and/or unusual and beautiful trees. 5. Provide appropriate landscaping for all public rights-of-way, (Source: The Outdoor Circle) malls, public buildings, parks, open spaces, and commercial areas. (Source: TCEP) 17. Establish a public program that. ultimately all utility lines be 6. Create urban patterns which provide a sense of identity to distinct placed underground, and a plan of priority areas Ito remove this urban areas; this can be done by providing significant open spaces visual pollution. (Source: The Outdoor Circle) between them, by the appropriate location of major transportation 18. Set high aesthetic standards for all street furniture which -should arteries, by unique street furniture design, and other' means. be suited to the setting in which it is placed. Benches, seats, and (Source: TCEP) tables should be both comfortable and arranged to meet the needs 7. Use the "urban growth" unit or "neighborhood" unit* -as the of people rather than be architectural features. (Source: The.Out- building block in communities so as Ito provide shopping, educa- door Circle) tional, employment, and recreational facilities within walking 19. Minimize the amount of municipal, industrial and agricultural distance, to discourage auto travel and noise pollution. (Source: solid wastesto be disposed of and reduce the pollution resulting National A.I.A. Report on Urban Growth) from disposed wastes to acceptable.levels. (Source: Department of Health) 20. Reduce smoke, particulate matter, and noxious gas pollution to I acceptable levels. (Source: Department of Health) *An urban growth unit or neighborhood unit does not have fixed dimensions. Its size in 21. Reduce ambient non-intentional ionizing and non-ionizing ra- residential terms normally would range from about 1,000 to 3,000 dwelling units- enough in any case to require an elementary school, day care-community center, con- diation exposure to organisms to acceptable levels. (Source: venience shopping, open space, and recreation. Department of Health) 22. Reduce the amount and intensity of noise to acceptable levels. (Source: "The Use of Land: A Citizens' Policy Guide to Urban (Source: Department of Health) Growth") 23. Require competitive architectural entries for all significant public 36. Adopt policies which assume that housing is a social need rather projects. (Source: TCEP) than 'a speculative com@rnodity. (Source: Conservation Council) 24. Establish view plan regulations to preserve views of scenic or 37. Environmental assessment should include more consideration for prominent landscapes from specific locations. (Source: Hawaii social, cultural and psychological impacts than is currently done County General Plan) , in Environmental Impact Statement writing. What is needed is 25. Apply special height, density, site plan controls and other design environmental planning for each district against which to judge elements to shoreline developments. (Source: The Outdoor Circle) an EIS. (Source: Leonard M Ioffitt) 26. Specify the use of native plants in future plantings.of State facili- THE INDIVIDUAL ties and in re-landscaping by the State. (Source: Bishop Museum) 1. Develop environmental education programs. (Source: TC EP) 27. Consider creating a different image for each island. (Source: Travel Industry Congress) 1 a. Establish public informati 'on centers at all public libraries. All 28. Proceed systematically to find out what the full implications of public boards, commissions, committees, councils, or legislatures Women's Liberation are for community physical and social plan- shall provide their agenda to such public information centers at ning. (Conference on the Year 2000) least 3.O,days in advance. Minute 's of all meetings of such boards, commissions, etc. shall be made available at all public information 29. Landscape with native plants provided by State nurseries. centers within 48 hours. (Source: Botanical Society) 1 b. Drafts of all current environmental impact statements shall be 30. Limit shoreline buildings to four stories. Permit high rise build- available at all public information centers. ings against high mountain backgrounds. (Source: Soil Conserva- I c. Fund and staff all public libraries to provide full service until 62 tion Society) 9 p.m. six nights a week. (Source: William Matthews) 31. To make existing housing available at affordable prices and rents, 2. Use the mass media for dissemination of environmental education consider housing price control mechanisms for resale and a heavy programs. (Source: TCEP) capital gains tax. (Source: Citizens for Hawaii) 3. Encourage governments, civic and private organizations to spon- @32. To provide adequate housing which provides freedom from noise sor environmental education activities. (Source: TCEP) to the extent reasonably possible ... The building code should 4. Undertake and fund a public information program to inform the pi@ovide at least the performance standards FHA requires in terms general public about problems and policies relating to quality of site protections against noise and of noise in sleeping quarters, growth, environmental and land use planning, and population living quarters, etc. Some sites should not be built on at all unless, stabilization. Undertake extensive educational programs to under7 the building has sound control designed in. (Source: Citizens score the fact that man is part of the ecosystem and not separate Against Noise) from it. (Source: Hawaii Association of Counties) 33. Require that the program of vehicular noise control cover muf- 5. Make factual information concerning environmental quality avail- fler control as one of the items in the annual safety inspection. able to the public, including information relating to problems, (Source: Citizens Against Noise) costs and implications of various alternative solutions. (Source: 34. Ban non-returnable beverage containers and require substantial Chamber of Commerce of Hawaii) deposit on returnables. (Source: Various citizen comments) 6. Establish a Hawaii Center for Environmental Education to work 35. Revisions to existing federal housing assistance programs, par- with public and private schools and colleges as well as with com- ticularly those introduced by the Housing Act of 1968, should munity organizat.ions, individuals and the media. (Source: Citizens concentrate on a restructuring of incentives to encourage private Committee for Environmental Education) investors to take a long-term interest in their investments. Ex- 7. Plan and build two pilot environmental education centers on panding the options of assisted persons through housing allow- Oahu, one in Sand Island State Park centered on the ocean and ances should be considered in designing new housing programs. coastal zone, one at Makiki Valley State Park to center on moun- tain environment and water resources. (Source: The Outdoor improvement and management. (Source: Department of Social Circle) Services and Housing) 8. Establish an education -ranger program within the Department of 17. Require a minimum of 51 percent local control of land and capi- Land and Natural Resources. (Source: The Outdoor Circle) tal. (Source: Department of Social Services and Housing) .9. Increase the opportunities for citizen participation in hearings 18. The vastness of the work ahead does not mean we should leave and on decision-making bodies and for easier access to the.courts. it to the experts. We believ 'e that civic organizations can make an (Source: League of Women Voters) important contribution to the quality of life in their areas by help- 10. Establish environmental education, programs in all public schools. ing to decide what should be protected and preserved in their (Source: TCEP) localities and how and where essential development needs are to 11. Require the Department of Planning and Economic DeveloprQent be met and by helping assess systematically the adequacy of local to prepare an environmental impact statement of the effects of plans, laws, regulations, and procedures affecting urban growth. tourism in Hawaii, including the social and economic impact. The 1976 bicenntenial year would be an appropriate time to (Source: TCEP) complete the first phase of such an assessment. We urge that 12. Require public and private sectors to use the public notice, public federal assistance be made available for these citizen efforts as hearing, and public participation 'procedures of Chapter 91, Ha- part of the bicentennial program. (Source: "The Use of Land: A waii Revised Statutes (Administrative Procedures Act) for activi- Citizens' Policy Guide to Urban Growth") ties which affect individuals in the State. (Source: Department of 19, Local officials and citizens should periodically try to idbntify Social Services and Housing) aspects of local procedures that may give rise to citizen mistrust. 13. Establish major educational programs in' all State schools on' Insofar as practical, measures that cause mistrust, whether or not shoreline ecology and marine resources. (Source: Save Our Surf) the resulting suspicions are in fact warranted, should be changed. 14. Recognize the new right of citizen groups to defend natural re- (Source: "The Use of Land: A Citizens' Policy, Guide to Urban sources, scenic beauty and historical value areas threatened with Growth") 63 20. Free hearing tests should be made as available to the general drastic alteration. (Source: Soil Conservation Society) to fill r pu .blic as the free chest X-rays. (Source: Citizens Against Noise) 15. Enact legislation which generally authorizes citizens e suit 21. Facilitate full disclosure of all information on public business. in order to preserve environmental values and enforce. strong (Source: William Matthews) pollution standards. (Source: Overview report) 16. It a special tax is levied on tourists or the tourism industry, a major portion of the funds should be earmarked for environmental rn cr) 0) co mn Arri rri >