[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]
WILLIAM B. FARRIS Coastal Zone, Informatior, Center COASTAL ZONE INFORMATION CENTER 0 1141 11111o. Jill The Currituck Plan GV 54 N8 uter Banks: Development Situation C87 1972 @P 00586 COASTAL ZONE INFORMATION CENTER U S DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NOAA COASTAL SERVICES CENTER: 2234 SOUTH HOBSON AVENUE CHARLESTON, SC 29405-2413 The Currituck Plan Outer Banks: Development Situation Prepared for the Three Man Executive Committee for Programing and Funding H. D. Newbern Jr., Chairman, Currituck County Commissioners Jerry W. Hardesty, Chairman, Currituck County Planning Commission Dr. Arthur Cooper, Assistant Secretary for Resource Management North Carolina Department of Natural and Economic Resources* SEPT. 26, 1972 1706008 jun 23 1997 For additional information, write: THE CURRITUCK PLAN Box 8 Currituck, North Carolina 27929 Property of CSC Library TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction Purpose and Objectives 2 Program Summary @3 Description of Phases 4 Mid Atlantic Region 6 Tidewater Region .19 Currituck County .32 Outer Banks 50 Prototypical Site 57 ,Appendix 64 Suggestions 70 THE CURRITUCK PLAN_-OUTER BANKS: DEVELOPMENT SITUATION ===MEN' INTRODUCTION The purpose of the booklet is tocommunicate with the many people that are or should be involved in the Currituck County both immediately and in the future. The County is in the process of establishing its long range objectives but due to the critical nature of the Outer Banks and the proposed development, several major immediate decisions need to be made by the Currituck Board of County Commissioners as representives of the citizens of the county and the County's future. The County needs to know how much development and what type of development is best suited for the Outer Banks both in terms of critical natural environment and economics of providing public services to the area in the future. Even though the County has approved a substantial number of lots for the Outer Banks and'a large number of the lots have been sold, mostly on contract, they need to know which areas should be developed and how to manage this development. Now of particular concern is the requirement for managing the water and sewer needs for the Outer Banks development 'and in contrast to most other areas of the State the use of septic tanks may not be limited by the lack of purculation but by too much purculation which with accessive development could contaminate the ground water supply and the sound. Along with the utility needs for development proper access to the area is needed. The idea of the public participating in providing the access, seem logical only if the public also be provided something in return. It is most important to physically locate the best access routes to the various areas of the county in order to allow man and nature to co-exist. There are many other concerns relative to the planning and management of the county which could have a serious impact on Currituck and these should not be over looked as attention is forcused on the physical planning. We hope that the people who receive this booklet wi I I give us their comments weather the comments are officolor private. It is especially important that citizens of Currituck County and officials of the State and Federal Governments give us their comments'. Due to our time schedu le- we would like to receive comments by 17 October 1972 in order to have maximum in put for the next phase which will. define more clearly the "Outer Banks - Development Potentions". More detailed information could be furnished later and used to guide in subsequent phases of "THE CURRITUCK PLAN". PURPOSE AND.OBJECTIVES FOR THE CURRITUCK PLAN PURPOSE: To define the proper development intensity which will maintain the natural attractiveness of the County while enhancing its economic situation. OBJECTIVES: To establish the County as the most attractive area on the east coast in terms of the natural beauty of the fresh water Sound bounded by an Outer Banks strand and an agricultural mainland. To develop the mainland as an organized truck crop agricultural area, taking advantage of the soil, climate, and market access. To develop the recreational potential of the Sound and Outer Banks for swim- ming, boating, sailing, fishing, hunting, and the creation of a year-round tourist industry. To preserve the historic areas of. interest and to develop their educational and recreational value. To protect and maintain wildlife refuge areas and to develop programs for stabilizing the natural features of the Outer Banks and Sound. To prevent'the misuse of the County's scarce and valuablenatural resources by adequate planning. The preparation of plans, the adoption of zoning controls and development standards which will discourage land speculation and encourage proper development. To establish adequate fiscal policies in the County in order to support an efficient land management system and the provision of adequate public services. To improve access between the different geographic areas of the County to enhance unity and to provide public access to recreational areas. To coordinate development with surrounding counties and. maintain communication with State and Federal agencies to ensure the best development programs for the County. 2 PROGRAM SUMMARY Phasing of Planning Study Phase I (August - September 1972) Outer Banks Development Situation Phase 11 (October 1972) Outer Banks Development Potentia I Phase I I I (November - December 1972) County Growth Potential Phase IV (January 1973) Enviromental Resource Management 3 DESCRIPTION OF PHASES Phase 1: Outer Banks Development Situation (August to September 1972) The purpose of the phase is to examine the various constraints andpressures which are exerted on the county and to produce some principles for land development and access. These princi- ples have been expressed in terms of schematic alternatives at five different scales of analysis: MID ATLANTIC REGION TIDEWATER REGION CURRITUCK OUTER BANKS PROTOTYPICAL SITES Insofar as the entire project is concerned Phase I serves to identify the problem, its parameters and variables, and to establish goals for the growth.and development of the coasta.1 county'. The first month of the planning study--August 1972--has been devoted to researcWin support of the definition of the problem and to the establishment of goals. The second month of . Phase I has been devoted to the development of planning principles and alternatives- for access and land development for the Outer Banks, as well as to the definition of design and planning objectives. This report -- Outer Banks Development Situation -- is therefore the result of two months research by the principle consultants on the. developmental issues of the Outer Banks. Phase II: Outer Banks Development Potential (October 1972) An extension of Phase 1. the Outer Banks Development Potential emphases definitive solutions to the structural use of land on the Outer Banks. It is conceived as a more detailed version of the, recommendations of Phase I with specific analyses of tracts of land currently developed, currently undeveloped but in either small or large lot platting, or in wilderness form. The principle consultants will make use of the recommendations of ecological, economic and engineering consultants with'respect,to natural ecological capacities, economic opportunities and costs, and engineering capacities and costs respectively. Phase III: County Growth Potential (November - December 1972) Pressures building up on the Outer Banks for vacation and permanent homes development have determined analytic priorities in the Currituck Plan. Thus, the problems of access and land development for this area have a greater degree of urgency than those of the associated problems at the county level.. Nevertheless, as the coastal lands are filled in the county's econom i c and soci a I system must respond to the demand for water, sewer, fi r e and po I i ce 4 protection, education, eommunity, administrative and other forms of services. Th.is phase will explore several alternative growth models and their impact on the county as a whole. The objective is to produce a county plan based on ecological and economic criteria which minimize, as for as possible, both the economic and social costs to the citizens of the county and the disruption of the natural environment, while simultaneously allowing residential development to occur. Phase IV: ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (January 1973) The work of the principle consultants and their ecological, economic and engineering consultants is focused in this phase on the preparation of a management system for the development of the county's lands. The principle ; elements.of this management will be.as follows: 1. Comprehensive Planning 2. Land Use Control System 3. Subdivision Management 4. Commerical and Industria I Development 5. Community Services 6. Fiscal Management 7. Natural Resource Management 8. Wildlife and Fisheries Management The objective is to design a management system for the county which will guide its developmental " ' I- ti e e ca decisions re a r@ to th- bigories listed -above. 5 The following illustrations show the impact of population distribution within the region around Currituck County. These,studies indicate that the largest number of users of the Coastal Recreational Area come from the northeastern metropolitan areas and states, having a total population of some 70 million people, with a projected pop- u lation over 100 mi I lion withi n 25 years. Three Interstate highway corridors (1-95, 1-0 ' on-4-1-8D'serve the north-south movement demand to the west of the Coastal Recreational Area. There are no adequate east-west connectors, to the coast; furthermore, there is no clear north-4outh through route withint the Coastal Recreational Area. THE MIDATLAN11C, REGION 6 L Currituck Ld .... .... . . ..... 33. M. N.: M IM. H. Jiln. M. .3:1!1 Mil- so SOUTHEASTERN COASTAL RECREATION AREA Over 700 miles of relatively. undeveloped shoreline, much'af which is privately owned and thus accessible only to a small segment of the population. 7 ve la nd W"' New ittsburgh s@@@'M . . . . . . .York & h N elphia incinnati shi gt Richmond rfolk N- C. Pied nt ce Colum la At la nta Augusta, WWI 130 POPULATION AND MEGALOPOLITAN AREAS Northern States Area: Southern States Area: Virginia 4.5 Mi I I ion North Carolina .5 0 Mi I I ion Maryland 4.0 Million South Carolina 4 2.5 Million Delaware .5 Million Georgia 4.5 Mi I I ion New York 18.0 Million Pennsylvania 12.0 Million New Jersey I 1 .0 Million Total Population Influence (Northern and Southern) West Virginia 2.0 Million 71 Million people 1972 population ) Ohio 7.0 Million Projected Population in Thirty Years - 125 milli0i 8 Cleveiland New Ii Pitts6urgh ork hila lphic re Cincinnati -,j n as Richmond Is" Norfolk C. Pi man scen .100 Milee 200 Miles Atlanta ugusto 300 Miles mik@ 0 so 0 Miles DISTANCES FROM CURRITLICK 9 1.4 d mik@ 0 so AMTRAK PASSENGER SERVICE No direct Amtrak service to, any part of Coastal Recreation Area Closest Carrier: C & 0 R.ailway/ Richmond to Newport News 10 100 Million People/ i nThirty Years 17 70 M 11 n ople in -I Yed@s y 0 50 ACCESS PRESSURE Northern access demand through Norfolk/Portsmouth Southern access demand peinmrily from Piedmont Crescent The Mid Atlantic Region: ALTERNATIVE ACCESS SCHEMES 12 ------------- PRINC L NORTH SOUTH COASTAL ROUTE Miles 0 50 PRESE NTLY- PLANNED TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM Interstate Highway System -no adequate east-west accessfrom. inland population centers to Coastal Recreational.Area 13 mik@ 0 50 NORTH - SOUTH COASTAL AUTO ROUTE With Possible Outer Banks Scenic Loops -provides north - south travel through Coastal Recreational Area 14 Miles 0 50 NORTH CAROLINA CRESCENT DELAWARE LOOP AUTO ROUTE With intermediate lateral feeders below, and scenic routes through Outer Banks provides access from Northern Population Centers.to the Coastal Recreational Area's Northern Section and alto.provides major east - west -access to the N.C. Piedmont Crescent. 15 mil., 0 50 LATERAL RAIL ROUTES From Existing North-South Mainline Possible Connection with Outer Banks Monorail Encouragement of Concentrated Development at Coastal Recreational Area terminals 16 r4 L .040 mh@ 0 so COASTAL LOOP RAIL ROUTE - provides access from Existing North - South Mainline to Coastal Recreational Area -provides linkage. between population centers within the Coastal Recreational Area 17 L Mik so HOVERCRAFT ROUTE AREA. Open coastal water Protected inland water Swamps and open wetland 18 The following section describes natural and human related factors affecting the development of access systems in the region. The studies indicate a large demand for access from the north, both to Currituck County and beyond to Dare County. The Currituck Sound and Outer Banks barrier dunes are the most environmentally sensitive areas to man-influence; these directly affect the location of access systems in the region. Alternative schemes to improve. access to the Tidal Region are outlined. The choice of the preferred alternative wi I I have to take the following factors into consideration: The most appropriate access point from the north affecting both Virginia and North Carolina, the price and availability of land, the volumes of traffic with special attention.to through traffic in urbanized areas.. and suitable points of access to the Outer Banks. Mass transportation is also proposed as an alternative system; however, it wi I I require large scale parking facilities at terminals and'secondary transportation/ distribution systems for on-the-line stations. Mass 1 1- rated land transit will encourage linear y concent development patterns. 71DEWATER REGION 19 . . . ..... ........................... Mil@ 0 5 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Great -Dismal. SW 2 Currituck, Sound and Outer Banks Et 0 N NATURAL CONSTRAINTS Currituck Sound: Extremely sensitive to m,on-interference; Extremely low tolerance to pollution' of any kind. Outer Banks Barrier Dunes: Critical storm protection for entire area; Threatened by construction and uncontrolled recreational activity. Great Dismal Swamp: Ecologically sensitive to man-interference; Generally unfeasible access route. 20 eavy Access emand from North "1 10 =MEW All @kt. 7- Ca Developing Outer Banks Area--no existing road access; extreme access demand. 1. E S ccess Demands South ACCESS PRESSURE Access demand from the north comes both from the rapidly growing Norfolk Metropolitan -Area and the vast number of people in the northern states who'--w-ilt-be travelling south through, that area. 21 The Tidewater Region: ALTERNATIVE SCHEMES, 22 MOL - 5 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . Sub - Region Road Systems E S MINIMUM CHANGE IN EXISTING ROAD SYSTEM Four-lore county through route becomesmoloir access route to Nogs Head and Hatteras. 23 . . . . . . . . . . rT) Mil- 0 10 kna KnottsAsland E S OUTER BANKS THROUGH ROUTE 11 High speed route swings close to Back Bay and crosses county mainland from Knotts Island. Reduces county through traffic. Bypasses congested Chesapeake urban area. 24 ker MR- 0 to vn COUNTY THROUGH ROUTE, I High speed coastal route Avoids congested urban Chesapeake (corridor in area of lower land values) Crosses Currituck Sound below Virginia state line Through traffic in Currituck 25 Mil. 0 5 10 COUNTY THROUGH ROUTE 11 High speed coastal route in most direct North - South travel corridor Some county through traffic (to Outer Banks) Route through Chesapeake urban area 26 Mil- 0 10 ........... IL 5N- dP AL M L E MAJOR-MINOR THROUGH. ROUTES Double Route System Enlarges existing through routes and superimposed new high speed coastal route 27 Mok, 0 5 10 _J k: 1, SHORELINE EXPRESSWAY High-Speed Coastal Route follows shore line from Virginia Beach to Hatteras and beyond Reduces through traffic in both county and inland coastal region Difficult maintenance likely Damage to environment of Outer Banks likely 28 Mil. 5 10 '41 MCI OUTER BANKS THROUGH ROUTE I High speed coastal route comes through urban Chesapeake in most direct North - South travel corridor. Outer Banks limited access parkway from Knotts Island to Hatteras and beyond. Reduced traffic flow through county mainland. 29 WAN AOL Njil" 0 v, @"g Ba ck Bay Excursion Route Currituck Loop N lov enq@ ei@ -@i@rvi e S, Ex stin S C i, E S ELEVATED MONORAIL:. BACK BAY - CURRITUCK LOOP Back Bay Route - Already Proposed Currituck Extension - Loops Back To Coastal Passenger Main Lines 30 WA MIL V, . . . . . . . . . . . . E ELEVATED MONORAIL: SHORELINE THROUGH ROUTE Back Bay Route --already proposed Shoreline Extension down Outer Banks 31 At the county level,, historic events, natural systems, physiographic data, and land ownership patterns were studied to determi ne the best locati on for access- po i n-ts to the Outer Banks, the intensity of development, and the necessary controls to insure proper land use. Some of the major problems to be encountered are: the poorly planned subdivision of large tracts of land, i e pment standards, and lack of access. inadequate dev lo Corolla village, the lighthouse, and Knight clubhouse complex should be considered as a potential area for historic preservation, and could also act as a gateway for public access to the Currituck Outer Banks. Alternative access schemes are proposed in this section of this report, and the corresponding development schemes follow them. CURRITUCK'COUNTY 32 I@rL miks 2 3 Kno ts R Isl 0000 ..-Shnson's Islan top rrituck Raymond's oast GuarcTSta. IsJand Monkey Island Mary Island halehead Club 1920 Lighthpuse &91 COM I la Coast Guard Sta . Sanodrs Bay Moss Island f.N oast GuaAl Sta. B O&PY'My HISTORICAL DATA Outer Banks approx. 6,000 years 1526 Currituck Sound Salt Water/First known map of Outer Banks by Amerigo Vespucci's nephew 1650 Settlements develop in region, settlement from Virginia colony 1657 Knott family settles Knotts Island 1670 Currituck created as a Province 1682 Currituck Inlet opens for schooners and sloops to "Port Currituck" carrying lumber, wood products, shingles, barrels, staves, and some form goods (A) 1713 New inlet cut by storm (B) 1726 N. C. General Assembly appropriates funds to mark new inlet 1728 Old Currituck inletshoals; shipping to new inlet 33 1731 New Inlet shoalsr later closes in 1828. Sound begins to change from salt to fresh water Virginia-N orth Carolina Line 10 Origina I Currituck In tts IsIdnd let 1682 Mile,0 2 3 00 5 Exist1ng1f6F`ry op 1P Second Inret 1713 Corolla 4 5 3 HISTORICAL DATA I .Penny's Hill Coast Guard Station 2. Currituck Light and Coast Guard Station 3. Poyner Hill Coast Guard Station 4. Whalehecd Club Structure built 1920 5. Foredunes discontinuous and poorly vegetated due to grazing in previous years. 34 Va. C. Line hlil'.@0 1 2 3 Kno and D B C Potentimlly Hazardous Area Currituck A (VVashover**) 'OON9 Ir I - C Water Fowl Sensitive Area" S4@, @A Coro I la D A B Aa C V 0 urrituck GO. Dare Co. PHYSIOGRAPHIC DATA A. Marsh areas--habitat for waterfowl, fish breeding; flood control B. Coastal Wetlands C. Potentially hazardous areas (washover zone) D. Currituck Sound -- fresh water ( 4% salinity) Ma or Sand Dunes - -,- - FI* @ , "Proposed definitions of environmental Areas; State of N. C. Planning Divison, Sept. 15, 1972 35 Kno ts Mi6, 0 2 3 Is A B Currituck Corolla D 4,J A B E AL& PHYSIOGRAPHIC DATA A. Discontinuous Dunes - Areas that are sensitive to man,and should be restricted to building B. Marsh Areas/Woodlands - Extremely Sensitive Areas Sand dune of major proportion These dunes are in a constant state of motion and-all care C. Fresh Pond Hill should be taken to assure their freedom of motion and to D. Whalehead Hill prevent actions that would destroy their stability. E. Poyner Hill (example: distruction of the dune grasses that stabilize F. Piper Hill these dunes,or physical distruction of these large or smaller sand dunes) 36 Va.-N. C. Line A 'A mile, 0 1 B lp D E F Coro Ila G H -VI @P@ urrituck -Da OWNERSHIP PATTERN Figures Approximate A. Carova Beach Corp. (Kabler & Riggs) 18,800 ft. Oceanfront B. Swan Beach Inc. (Kabler & Riggs) 7500 ft. Ocean front C. Disharoon, Disharoon, Fender & Broyles 9400 ft. Ocean front D. Oceanfront Associates 6800 ft. Ocean front E . Multiple Ownership 7200 ft. Ocean front F. Monkeys Island Club (c/o Frank Penn) 10,200 ft. Ocean front G. Whalehead Island Club (Kabler &Riggs) 24,000 ft. Ocean front H. Ocean Sands (Coastland Development Co.) 16,400 ft. Ocean front I . Currituck Shooting Club No ocean front (sound side) J . Pine Island Club (c/o Earl Slick) 21,500 ft. Ocean front Name Virginia-North Carolina Line A (1500/1500) miks .0 B (322/300). C D (300/300) E F .-Corolla G (1012/ H (794/ Currituck-Dare Line DEVELOPMENT PATTERN Property Lines ME Lots Sub-Divided Lots Sold or in the process of (planned/sold orin the process oo 38 De C@ce mil@, 0 1 2 3 Development Areas (Land @ales underway) 1P A Str ema c Fo ss -Z trong emand For Access Development Area 7- ACCESS DEMANDS TO DEVELOPING AREAS Dark areas show land not currently being developed or unsuitable for development. 39 Ntfle@0 1 2 3 So tj z h J LIRN Marsh Areas: vety we ensiti 2W t I terr n man. NATURAL CONDITION CONSTRAINTS FOR ACCESS Minimum Impact Landing Areas Mainland Ferry/Bridge Landing Outer Banks Feriy/Bridge Landing 40 Currituck County: ALTERNATIVE SCHEMES 41 do Wk. 0 1 2 3 ?e @,**r Pro posed Natural Preservation Areas: Controlled Stri c Devejopment/Non- development(Typical Temporary Fe "010 -wo-W rftm@ @ on a I r@oad access Future Bridge alternatives). EXPANSION OF EXISTING SYSTEM Four-lone county through route 42 dq 2 3 Temporary Fe OWN n Future Bridge 0 r) NORTH BRIDGE ACCESS-SOUTH FERRY ACCESS Serving -separate North and South development areas on the Outer Banks 43 Northern Development z Route Miks 1 2 3 1P No Thrcv'gh Access No Development Southern Develop- ment Coute from Nags Head NORTH BRIDGE ACCESS SOUTH LAND ACCESS Serving separate North and South development areas. North access from Knotts Island by bridge; South access from Nags Head through Duck by land. 44 High-Speed Coasta I t age Win 0 1 2 10 el Limi e acc ay 4 NORTHERN BRIDGE ACCESS Serving entire developed area of Currituck Outer Banks, but without giving a complete through-traffic route 45 :7" Hi h-Speed oasto I Rou Milo 0 1 2 3 zb C) TM OUTER BANKS THROUGH ROUTE *Limited access parkway on Outer Banks through to Hatteras and beyond *Reduces county through traffic *Heavy traffic flow on Currituck Outer Banks 46 Mik, 0 2 3 High-Speed Limit4d-Access lp Highvtpy rn J SHORELINE EXPRESSWAY Major North-South coastal highway; reduces through traffic in county mainland. 47 rA Carova Beach Miks 0 1 2 3 Elevated Monorail Swan Be9ch Coro Ila Ocean @ands Emergency exit route: service vehicles only. ELEVATED MONORAIL: SHORELINE THROUGH ROUTE Low environmental impact transit system. Secondary transportation at station points: Electric mini-bus Golf carts Mopeds Bicycles 48 Carova Beach t 2 3 Elevated Mon'orai I .IV 1P Swan Beach Bar. Corolla oin ck 0 Ocean Sands a Emergency Exit Route; Service Vehicles Only ELEVATED MONORAIL: BACK. BAY - CURRITUCK LOOP Low Environmental Impact Transit System Secondary Transportation at Station Points Electric mini-bus Golf carts Mo-peds Bicycles 49 On close inspection of the Outer Banks, one has to con - Sider the natural phenomena that developed and a I lowed this area to survive for some 6, 000 years - It is our ob- jective to define certain physiographic features of this area in order to develop conceptual models for development. In two phases we are examining the land mass movement patterns, wind and water action, and natural foliage of the Outer Banks,and trying to understand the natural constraints of this area. Next we develop four planning models that have relatively low impact on the existing area. The first deals with dif- ferent density areas along a major circulation spine and considers the established physiographic principles previously stated. Our next model is developed off a major north- south circulation corridor, once again considering certain physiographic parameters. WVile the*-third a*nd fourth con- cepts also consider these parameters, each contrasts the other in one major area. The third concept deals with a linear density.node off Cl'limii@d__access circulation cor-. ridor, while the fourth replaces this corridor with a mass transit system. OUTER BANKS 50 V V Lon Mass Movement 0 500 loon 3 Dune v nt Prev\ ailing Winds 2 1 V 3 \,,I 8- @v- .4. ACCESS A D E F@ \G J, L Y-M T% - T.@-Ti T io e r'a n c eS co-I e' dark area indicates low tolerbn6e fe 3 1 3 @\6 2 3 TOLERANCE OF PHYSIOGRAPHIC FEATURES TO MAN'S INFLUENCE AREA TOLERANCE IMPLICATIONS A. Sound Medium Possible Usage B. Marsh LOW Need for Preservation C. Woodlands High Usage Good D. Secondary' Dunes/Mid-Region Medium Usage with Restriction E. Foredune Area Low Need for Preservation F. Beach Medium Light Usage G. Ocean High Possible Usage Floctation structures and transportation areas 51. Non-Permanent structures Nr%+,-- Ntim6tars indicate water deoth in feet 7 4L estricted @,,area due to the Sensitive ese areas noture @f th Distrue ti@,n (;f these areas Area of possible aEcess s'hou Ibe guarded, against due to the absence of the Sensitive Marsh area Low Scrub Dunes Woodlands V Marsh PHYSIOGRAPHIC PRINCIPLES OF DEVELOPMENT Non-Developable Area N Possible Access Areas Restricted Buildable Area 52 ,-5 a 500 woo M@dium@nsity Housi@g Clusters 10 0, *00.- ACCES&. Area of possible access @igh nsity\Hoqiqg a@ Commercial due to the absence of Gr@upings` the Sensitive Marsh arga % Me una Density Housing C lusfers Sensitive, areas Lo Density W Housing coo* DEVELOPMENT CONCEPT: Linear Development 53 'Pam mmmmmmmmmmmm 0 %00 1000 Pq PENNON" 7 .0A 1P 04 A: vl@ ousing ACCESS 0 Area of possible access ow Clustets 01 .@,ediu@ Density Housing due to the absence of the 0 C Ste Sensitive Marsh area gh neityHousing Comn-,6rcia I a n Gro pings Se sitive areas,, 0 DEVELOPMENT CONCEPT: Node Development 54. 0 mo 1&0 ensit ve a as dp Low Housing ACCESS usteq Med urw ity Area of possible access due to the abse.nce of Htusitq lusters the Sensitive Marsh area h fty Housing and mme'@Cia I rou in gs 9- AO A., Node Development DEVELOPMENT CONCEPT: near aneff Ir CIS nsl i@d 55 Ma@ Tr"it Stations Medi @@m- gh 0 5.00 -1000 U@ .@Tm. z. Q,ensity Cl' ters S nsitiv Are6i, e e@ i 7 V 4. r j DEVELOPMENT CONCEPT: Village Concept Mass Transportation High Density CommercialAesidential Areas Medium Density Areas Low Density Areas Secondary Transportation 56 Progressing from the conceptual planning stage we examine three prototypical development clusters, and densr alternatives for eacN. In the process of consideringphysiographic features, we illustrate principles of site planning that in- crease densities while leaving large areas of open space for public use or natural processes, decrease secondary traffic and utility patterns, and increase the aesthetic opprotunities of the individual struc- ture and the development clusters. PROTOTYPIC.AL SITE 57 Lit and Sc Du ne Commercial Housing .11 0. Scru, .0 C, Housing Commercial Foredu es LO'EVELOPMENT SCHEME I Traditional grid-type development scheme illustrating uncontrolled commercial developmental patterns; Note inability of scheme to respect existing physiographic features of this area 58 W S 7Y Medium-density Housing Commercial UIW E S cr b. 0 Medium-density Housing Commercial TI ago DEVELOPMENT SCHEME la Variation on Development Scheme I Showing addition of high density housing, commercial residential, and commercial structures, in addition to limiting concentrated vehicular traffic to the more stable region towards the woodlands on the Outer Banks 59 mmm MM mom M MWIMM M 7. S ub Sand Dune crub Min Scrub awl. redunes P u b I i cArea c 7 DEVELOPMENT SCHEME 2 Modified cul-de-sac scheme that has built-in capability for response to the physiographic features. of the Outer Banks area, in addition to limiting concentrated vehicular traffic to the more stable region toward the woodlands on the Outer Banks 60 Lirn;ted-,4 ccess Road Commercial 0 = M '17 !66 E cru WW Sand Dune Medium -Density Hous i ng 'Scrub s Foredune :Becrch- - DEVELOPMENT SCHEME 2a Variation on Development Scheme 2 Showing addition of high density housing, commercial residential and commercial structures, in addition to limiting concentrated vehicular traffic to the more stable region towards the woodlands on the Outer Banks 61 Limited-Access Road M3 Public Area Sand rn UuIfte Scrub :,Pomona, Scrub Public Area Beqch DEVELOPMENT SCHEME 3 A modified cul-de-sac scheme with inter-linked transportation areas showing possibilities of increased densities with the abilitiy:to give residential units ocean orientation 62 LimitedA ccsss Roo coo Commercial 9M ic Scrub Area 3f. r7l 0 Ae Foredunes Scrub Public Area a AMW dow !;6 now awim DEVELOPMENT SCHEME 3a Variation on Development Scheme3 Showing addition of high density housing, commerciaI residential and commercial structures, in addition to limiting concentrated vehicular traffic to the more stable region towards the woodlands on the Outer Banks 63 APPENDIX COMPONENTS OF PLANNING STUDY The Currituck Plan is to be a demonstration of the effectiveness of governmental, institutional and professional interdisciplinary cooperation. The following outline deals with the separate functions and responsibilities of the principle consultants, university expense, professional consultants, and governmental agencies linked together by this project. PRINCIPAL CONSULTANTS PROJECT MANAGEMENT - (August 1972 - January 1973) The principal consultants constitute the management structure for the project. Their role is to develop the program, produce intermediate reports, solicit and coordinate the work of other professionals and agencies and.execute the work--tiuthorized by the three-man Currituck Plan Committee on June 30, 1972. LAND DEVELOPMENT - (August 1972 - January 1973) This aspect of the principle consultants generates the criteria and principles to be used as developmental standards by the county. Insofar as time and resources permit, the principal consultants shall engage in a series of prototype developmental studies for the Outer Banks and other coastal lands which show desirable layouts for both-large and small sites. The purpose of such prototypes is to demostrate the many differyent kinds of land use and planning controls which can effectively optimize the developmental criteria. established in Phase I of the Currituck Plan. ACCESS (August 1972 - January 1973) Drawing from existing data provided by the State Highway Commission, and from contemporary transportation planning technology, the principle consultants shall explore alternative means of access to coastal areas utilizing currently available movement systems. The consultants will construct several growth model for the county based on alternative projections for the future. These models are to be evaluated in terms of the goals and objective established during the 9 first phase of the planning study -- "Outer Banks Development Situation". The plan which optimizes these goals and objectives will subsequently be used to create a comprehensive P lanning and land use control guidelines for the County Planning Board. ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS ANALYSIS - (September 1972 - December 1972) Drawing upon specialists from North Carolina. State University, the principle consultants shall also prepare a plan for the conservat'ion of the natural resources of the county. A University-based research team shall gather the expertise from as many fields as necessary to accomplish this task and is expected to involve faculty in several universities and expertise within the state government. The principle elements of the plan will be as follows: 65 Inventory of ecosystems 2. Description of natural processes 3. identification and specification of factors limiting development for any purpose, including the specification of measureable criteria for that purpose. 4. Determine of relative levels of acceptab-ility of 9hange for land in Currituck based on item (3) above and 5. The preparation of a plan incorporating elements (1) and (4) above. 6. Preparation of a system for allowing county officials to measure the ecological impact of proposed developments. ECONOMIC SYSTEMS ANALYSIS (September 1972 - December 1972) An economic consultant will be utilized to furnish the principal consultants with information relative to the economic impact of development in Currituck County. Specifically his tasks shall include the following items: 1. Analysis of coastal development trends including costs to both the developer and the public of residential, recreational and other uses. 2. Estimate of the impact of alternative plans prepared by the principal consultants on the revenue structure of the county . 3. Projection, trends, and other socio-economic information required by the principle consultants in the preparation of their alternative growth models. 4. Economic analysis of developmental prototypes supplied by the principal consultant. 5. Measurable criteria for allowing county officials to estimate the impact of proposed developments. ENGINEERING SYSTEMS ANALYSIS (September 1972 - December 1972) This section of the planning study is concerned with the analysis of the impact of developim.ent upon the various engineering systems in the county. A consultant shall be utilized to provide the following kinds of information: Criteria for specifying developmental limits based upon septic tank and. smal I fresh water wel Is. 2. Costs of water, sewer, drainage, roads systems, and other 'engineering services for a range of developmental prototypes supplied by the principal consultant.; 3. Estimate of the public costs associated with engineering systems for the alternative growth models developed by the principal consultants. 4. A system for allowing county officals to make economic judgements aboutthe impact of plan- ned developments. ROLE OF THE STATE GOVERNMENT. In a planning study of this kind most of the date must be 66 obtained from a varity sources outside the consultants' normal sphere of operation. The principle consultants therefore request the aid of the state government in the collection of the following data Inventory of information to be Compiled for Currituck Plan A. Natural Resources (Ecosystems Inventory) I . Physiographic data, general 2. Soils Data (relevant to suita6lity for development) and untreated sewage capacity. 3. Topographic data, especially on Outer Banks 4. Woodlands and vegetation mappings (relevant to soils, hydrological data) 5. Surface water system 6. Tidal flows, currents in Sound and estuarines regions 7. Aquifer data 8. All other hydrological data including dissolved oxygen, dissolved nutrients, salinity, biological oxygen demand levels, etc. 9. Wildife refuge areas,, and mappings of animals and marine life. 10. Commercial fishing and she,lifish zones 11. Sports fishing information 12. Concentrations of surface or sub-surface minerals of commerical Value 13. Recreation areas, public parks,.special zones for preservation or other forms of restricted use. 14. Agricultural land use data 15. Data on sedimentation., erosion, water and air pollution (if any) 16. Evaluative criteria utilized to determine levels of the characteristics listed above in terms of their removal or deposition, or their impingement on the,matural resource system B. Man Made Resources (Cultural Systems Inventory) I . SOCIO-ECONOMIC: I. Inter census tabulations of households,. populations, incomes, properties, race, ethnicity and other data 2. Population and economic trends 3. Annual or seasonal variations in county population activity 4. Tax rates, revenues and expenditures in the public sector 5. Revenues and expenditures in the private sector according to activity classification (Residential, Commercial., Industrial, Recreational, Institutional etc.) 6. Vacation home trends,, sales 7. Economic development criteria relative to public facilities, roads, schoolsf other public expenditures 67 11. PHYSICAL Transportation. I. Trip generation, trip distribution, trip origin and destination data in region 2. Modal split data 3. Current and planned road networks and other forms of transportation data 4. Traffic volumes: average daily travel; peak daily travel; peak seasonal travel 5. Public ferry systems capacities, loadings,schedules Land Use 1. Mapping of land use according to urban, rural uses 2. Zoning maps, zoning and subdivision classifications 3. Special legislation restrictive to land use other than zoning and subdivision ordi nonces Public Facilities 1. Community facilities data, including schools, colleges, libraries, administrative offices and other facilities by type, size, enrollment, etc. 2. Public recreation areas Public Works, Engineering Systems 1. Water treatment facilities and distribution systems 2. Sewage treatment facilities and collection systems 3. Solid waste collection and disposal systems. 4. Drainage data 5. Dams , flood control, erosion control and similar public works projects Ill. GOVERNMENTAL, ADMINISTRATIVE 1. Identification of Federal agencies, guidelines of signifance relative to coastal planning 2. State agencies with regional and county-level administrative units which affect coastal planning 3. Inter-agency units, committees, task forces studying coastal development and coastal zones resource management 4. Legislation, special bills or commissions related to coastal lands IV. HISTORIC 1. Historic documents, maps relative to Currituck development 2. Biographical material on important figures in coastal development 3. Historical monument data 68 V. OTHER INFORMATION I Surveys (soil, aerial, etc.) 2. Map coordinate and grid systems in use by state agencies 3. Base map sources 69 M WA w Included in this report are several base maps to be used for your comments or suggestions related to the many constraints and al- ternatives of development stated in the text of this report. Due to the varied and voluminous nature of the material covered, 4 is critical that feed-back play a part in the continuing planning process in order to eliminate or isolate certain proposals for in- depth study and evaluation. Therefore, a feedback mechanism is essential to the planning seauence and your response shall play an integral role in the development of sound planning concepts for Currituck County. Please address your responses to THE CURRITUCK PLAN BOX 8 CURRITUCK NORTH CAROLINA 27939 SUGGESTIONS 70 0 miks 0 50 THE MID ATLANTIC REGION BASE MAP 7i . . . ...................... ............ 5 10 THE TIDEWATER REGION BASE MAP 72 1 2 3 lp CURRITUCK COUNTY BASE MAP 73 lit -z7-- OUTER aANKS BASE MAP 74 Woods Scrub Sand Dune Foredune .13wch- . PROTOTYPICAL SITE BASE MAP ---------- 75 PM Mill Prepared by Envirotek, Inc., 1906 1/2.Hillsborough St., Raleigh, N.C. 27607 Project Coordinator -- Benjamin B. Taylor, Envirotek, Inc. Planning Director Peter Batchelor, Urban Design Research Group, Inc. 76 pa = @ m m "R -M "M M = M M ,7--- .1 3 6668 00001 8582