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                          AGreenwayPlan
                          ForNewYorkCity








                          David N. Dinkins, Mayor
                          City of New York



                          Richard L. Schaffer, Director
                          New York Department of City Planning





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                          Fall 1993
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                          NYC DCP 93-27




































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                                                                    Wards Island Park Palhway








                  "Imagine walking out your front door, getting on a bicycle... or simply
                  donning your backpack, and, within minutes of your home, setting off
                  along a continuous network of recreation corridors...


                                    ... President's Commission on Americans Outdoors










                                 US Department of Commerce
                             NOAA Coastal Services Conter L-'hrary
                                       South Hobson Avenuo
                                   Charleston, SC 29405-2413









                      INTRODUCTION



                      This report presents the city's vision for the nation's most ambitious urban
                      greenway system -- 350 miles of landscaped bicycle and pedestrian paths
                      crisscrossing New York City. It signals the start of a multi-year effort to create
                      new public recreational opportunities, increase the mobility of cyclists, walkers,
                      and joggers, and enrich the lives of all New Yorkers.

                      New York City may seem the least likely large American city for a
                      comprehensive system of transportation and recreation paths, 80 percent of which
                      would be traffic-free routes separated from roadways. Yet, the physical rights-of-
                      way for much of this system exist, virtually all are in public ownership, and many
                      routes are developed and in use. Over the past 18 months, a preliminary
                      planning framework for an integrated greenway system has been developed,
                      thanks to the cooperative efforts of city, state and federal agencies, borough
                      presidents' offices, and open space, pedestrian and bicycle constituency groups.
                      Priority routes have been identified and funding has been secured to advance
                      some of them. Now, the Department of City Planning and the New York City
                      Department of Transportation are about to launch a comprehensive program to
                      refine the preliminary plan, examine the feasibility of some of its components,
                      an d begin its implementation.

                      The plan builds on New York's substantial legacy of greenways, which were part
                      of every era of open space development in the city. Frederick Law Olmsted,
                      architect of Central and Prospect parks, was the first to design a "park way" for
                      scenic carriage drives and bicycles in the late 19th century pre-automotive era.
                      Olmsted planned Eastern and Ocean parkways as boulevards linking the great new
                      urban greenspace of Brooklyn's Prospect Park with its surrounding communities
                      and the beaches and regional open spaces beyond.

                      In the 1930s, Robert Moses vastly expanded the park system, particularly along
                      the waterfront where miles of pedestrian paths and esplanades were built in new
                      parks, notably Riverside Park and East River Park.       Moses also built bicycle
                      paths along many roadways, such as Shore Parkway, to satisfy the "groups,
                      organizations and individuals ... clamoring and petitioning for bicycle
A                     tracks ... exclusive lanes ... and use of roadways during hours when automobile
                      traffic is very light, all for the accommodation of this revived sport." An
                      alternative transportation option was an extra dividend during the war years when
                      gasoline was rationed.

















































                        7

                                                                                    Roosevelt Island Esplanade

                      In the 1980s, the Neighborhood Open     Space Coalition saw an opportunity to
                      develop a 40-mile Brooklyn-Queens Greenway for walkers and cyclists. Their
                      detailed plan would connect Brooklyn's Coney Island with Fort Totten in Queens,
                      using Ocean and Eastern parkways and a series of 12 parks along the way.

                      Most recently, the city's Comprehensive Waterfront Plan proposes to expand
                      public use and enjoyment of the waterfront with a series of interconnected
                      pathways in all five boroughs. The plan capitalizes on the city's vast system of
                      public parkland that covers more than 40 percent of its shoreline; it also
                      recommends zoning changes that would mandate publicly accessible waterfront
                      paths and upland connections in most new residential and commercial
                      developments on the waterfront.'

                      In New York City today, the time is once again ripe for a new surge of greenway
                      development to form an integrated system reaching into all corners of the city.
                      Greenways answer the growing public demand for safe and pleasant ways to
                      travel about the city -- to get to work or school, to shop or do errands, or to
                      reach the waterfront, parks, beaches and museums. New federal transportation
                      policy and funding programs recognize their role in helping to alleviate traffic
                      congestion and air pollution and, at the same time, accommodate burgeoning
                      recreational interests. A first-class system of greenway trails can bring a new
                      dimension to life outdoors in New York City.




                        The Waterfront Zoning Text Amendment was approved by the City Planning Commission in August
                        1993 and presently awaits City Council review.


                                                             2








                        THE VISION: What Are Greenways and Why Are They Important?

                        New York City's greenways would be a system of bicycle-pedestrian pathways
                        along natural and manmade linear spaces such as rail and highway rights-of-way,
                        river corridors, waterfront spaces, parklands and, where necessary, city streets.
                        They are at once the parks for the 21st century and a part of the transportation
                        infrastructure, providing for pleasant, efficient, healthful and environmentally-
                        sound travel by foot, bicycle or skates.

                        Greenways and trails are ideally suited to the flat, compact urban environment of
                        New York City. They will be mostly hard-surface paths, paved with asphalt or
                        concrete, although some locations may require a more natural material such as
                        crushed limestone or a wooden walkway to protect fragile ecosystems. The
                        system is envisioned to accommodate the broad array of non-motorized users:
                        cyclists, joggers, strollers, people in wheelchairs, dog walkers, skaters, and bird
                        watchers. Because the narrowness of some greenway routes may limit bicycle
                        use, the system will complement and connect with on-street bicycle routes and the
                        city's sidewalks to ensure continuity for all users.

                        Bridge and ferry water crossings will be significant parts of the greenway system,
                        offering exhilarating views, interborough connections, and access to regional
                        routes.   Connections to Long Island, New Jersey, upstate New York, and
                        Connecticut would allow city residents to bike or hike to regional recreation
                        resources such as Jones Beach, Bear Mountain, and Liberty State Park. Residents
                        of nearby suburbs and cities would also have an alternate and pleasant way to
                        reach New York City's wealth of cultural resources. The system will include
                        parts of two long-distance trails: the Hudson River Greenway, connecting New
                        York City to Albany and Montreal; and the East Coast Greenway, linking cities
                        along the east coast from Maine to Florida.

                        Greenways can serve a host of functions providing health, recreation,
                        transportation, and community development benefits.

                        0      New open spaces reaching throughout the city, close to people's homes
                               and work places, would allow them to explore the city's surprisingly
                               diverse natural environment and to enjoy the intense urban character of
                               its built environment: its dramatic skylines, graceful architecture,
                               handsomely designed parks, and sleek bridges; and the cultural richness
                               of its ethnic neighborhoods.

                        0      Offering many of the same recreational benefits as wilderness trails, the
                               city's greenways would be a place to enjoy the sun, the breeze, or
                               waterfront views; and to exercise, relax, and experience nature. By
                               contributing to physical fitness, greenways can offer New Yorkers
                               important health benefits.




                                                                  3










                       0       Trails will expand transportation options by offering a more flexible and
                               environmentally sound means of travel to work or other destinations. In
                               areas now underserved by public transportation, people will be able to
                               bike to the subway, commuter train, or ferry, enhancing mobility and
                               increasing use of the mass transit system.

                       0       As use of these trails increases, they can help to reduce traffic congestion
                               and air pollution. Traffic-free corridors will encourage more people to
                               cycle by offering the less experienced or adventurous a safer and more
                               appealing place to cycle than city streets.

                       0       Greenways can be natural buffers between different land uses, separating
                               residential and commercial areas, or highways and residential
                               neighborhoods.

                       0       Where they provide significant green mass, greenways can help to sustain
                               the biological diversity of plant and animal habitats; their trees and
                               vegetation can refresh the air and even filter runoff into streams and
                               rivers.


                         0     Trails can offer modest economic benefits, raising the value of property
                               adjacent to once idle land, and spurring small private enterprises including
                               bicycle repair and rental shops, food establishments, and other services.

                       0       Connecting neighborhood to neighborhood, borough to borough, and city
                               to suburb, these linear commons can offer a new kind of public place,
                               bringing together the young and old, rich and poor, and people from
                               diverse cultural backgrounds.





















                                                                4









                       THE REALITY: New York City's Greenways Today

                       The maps that follow show the current status of the greenway system in each
                       borough -- the sections that are in good or useable condition, those that need
                       substantial improvement, and those proposed for development.

                       Seventeen percent (59 miles) of the 350-mile proposed system of greenways
                       already exists in good or useable condition. This includes such well used routes
                       as bike and jogging lanes along the Central Park and Prospect Park drives, the
                       Shore Parkway in Bay Ridge, the Brooklyn and Queensboro, bridges, the East
                       River esplanade, Battery Park City, Flushing Meadow Park, the Cross Island
                       Parkway, and the North Bronx Bikeway (Mosholu/Pelham Greenway), as well as
                       the Staten Island Ferry crossing.

                       Another 31 percent (106 miles) are public pathways in need of substantial
                       improvement. This includes the extensive bikeways that once existed along the
                       city's parkways like the Hutchinson Parkway, but which have deteriorated over
                       the years; bridge pathways including those on the Manhattan and Williamsburg
                       bridges; and park paths like parts of the Riverside Park system. Some sections
                       are marginally useable, such as portions of the Shore Parkway bikepath east of
                       Knapp Street, while others are entirely impassable.

                       About half the system, 52 percent or 183 miles, is in the proposal stage. Some
                       of the proposed routes are already programmed for development, such as the path
                       to be built as part of Route 9A in Manhattan. Some are clearly delineated
                       corridors such as the Putnam rail line in the Bronx. Others are important missing
                       links in the system, such as the South Shore Greenway in Staten Island. These
                       schematic routes will require further study to determine their feasibility and
                       precise location, and may require extensive on-street segments.

                       Both the existing and proposed greenway routes take advantage of a variety of
                       spaces:


                       0      Green areas along parkways and highways: The remnants of miles of
                              bikeways, created during the 1930s, still exist along the city's green
                              parkways. Some are in use and many can be restored easily. In some
                              areas, however, road widenings and new overpasses or exit ramps present
                              problems. Newer interstate highways like the South Shore Expressway in
                              Staten Island also offer potential corridors for multi-use paths.

                       0      Abandoned rail corridors present a special opportunity for trail use. In
                              the Bronx, the Putnam rail line has been proposed for acquisition and trail
                              development, and the North Shore line in Staten Island is a candidate for
                              trail use in conjunction with reactivated rail use.





                                                               5









                      ï¿½       Waterfront public access areas are yet another excellent greenway
                              opportunity. Much of the city's 578-mile waterfront is already publicly-
                              accessible and more is likely to become so as a result of the new
                              waterfront zoning regulations. The Hudson River corridor in Manhattan
                              and the Queens East River waterfront are examples of the potential for
                              creating continuous linear access by connecting esplanades in public parks
                              with those in private developments.

                      ï¿½       Most public parkland already serves pedestrians on a complex network
                              of footpaths. However, careful planning is needed to enable bikers and
                              roller bladers to be accommodated without posing a hazard to other users
                              or to the fragile natural landscape. The master plan for the Staten Island
                              Greenbelt, for example, proposes a bikeway adjacent to the road system
                              in order to avoid intruding on the park's natural environment.

                      ï¿½       Bridges and ferries should allow pedestrians and cyclists to cross the
                              waterways that divide the city.      Most of the city's older bridges
                              incorporate pedestrian walkways (some in poor condition), but several of
                              the more recently built bridges do not, notably the Verrazano, Whitestone,
                              and Throgs Neck bridges. The Staten Island Ferry is one of the city's
                              most important greenway elements, transporting over 75,000 cyclists a
                              year. As the city's ferry system grows, so will the bikeway network.

                      ï¿½       Some city streets will also be part of the greenway system, since they are
                              the only means of connection in some areas. Initially, cyclists will rely
                              heavily on street connections; even in the long run, 20 percent of the
                              system will be on streets and sidewalks.




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                                                              6







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                                                                                                     7










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                                                                   10







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                 Greenway Plan for New York City / NYC Department of City Planning

                                                                                       9










                        REALIZING THE VISION: The Work Ahead


                        Although many of the greenways are already in place or easily implemented, it
                        will take at least ten years to complete this system. A range of issues must be
                        resolved, design standards must be developed, precise routes must be determined,
                        and funding must be secured to complete the system         first the priority routes and
                        then the remaining linkages.

                        Fortunately, greenways have been an integral element of the Department's open
                        space, transportation and waterfront planning program for some time. Most
                        important, the trails/greenway agenda was given a tremendous boost in 1991 with
                        enactment of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Xct (ISTEA). The
                        program establishes a new federal transportation policy that acknowledges cycling
                        and walking as fundamental elements of the transportation system, and it provides
                        substantial funding for trails, bikeways, pedestrian facilities and rail-trail
                        conversions.


                        In response to the federal initiative, the New York State Department of
                        Transportation established the Metro New York Bikeway-Walkway Working
                        Group in early 1992 to develop a comprehensive bicycle and walking plan. With
                        broad participation by public agencies and interest groups, the committee
                        established consensus on a preliminary greenway plan which has enabled the city
                        to seek ISTEA funding for greenway planning and development.

                        In August 1993, $1 million in ISTEA funding was authorized for a Bike Network
                        Program to be jointly administered by the Department of City Planning and the
                        New York City Department of Transportation (DOT). Over the coming few
                        years, City Planning will use its share of the funding to further define the
                        greenway system including: refining the system of traffic-free bicycle routes;
                        completing a detailed study of at least one major route; developing a model map
                        and user guide; and designing a signage system to expand public awareness and
                        use.


                        The Department will work toward linking the greenways with the on-street
                        bicycle routes and pedestrian facilities being planned and implemented by the
                        Department of Transportation. DOT will use its ISTEA funding to: develop and
                        begin to implement the comprehensive on-road route system, including striping
                        and signing designated routes; establish a regular maintenance program for bike
                        routes; develop a public awareness program including safety information, posters
                        and media coverage; expand its bicycle count program to provide more and better
                        information on cycling activity and to document use of new routes as they come
                        on line; revitalize the bicycle advisory committee; and undertake bicycle support
                        programs such as placing bike racks and lockers at strategic locations.






                                                                   12







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               Greenway Plan for New York City/ NYC Department of City Planning

                                                                                         11











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                                                                                                                                                                                                               .... .......
                              22. Cross Bay Bridge                                                                                                                                                             ... .....   ueens-
                                                                                                                                  X..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                           North Shore
                              23. Marine Parkway Bridge                                                                                                                                                        Oueensj 'ver
                                                                                                                                                                 -T, Greenway                                  It-         Gr;eenway
                              24. Verrazano Bridge
                              25. Cluterbridge Crossing                                                                                   X
                              26. Goethals Bridge
                                                                                                                                                                                                               ou Gree`?Wo
                              27. Bayonne Bridge
                              28. Hoboken Ferry
                              29. Weehawken Ferry                                                                                                                                                                          BrooklynIQueens,
                                  (Lincoln Harbor)                                                                                                                                                                         Greenway __j
                                                                                                                                       0
                              30. Weehawken Ferry                                                                                                                                                              Ousens
                                  (Pori Imperial)                                                                                    21
                              31. Liberty State Park Ferry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                           amaica Bay/           Parkway
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Greenway
                                                                                                                                                               Olmsted
                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Fwesl Park
                                                                                                                           ...........
                                                                                                                                                               Bilieway
                                                                                                                                                                                                               :Conduit Blvd. Groonway
                                                                                                                                                                                                               Connector
                                                                                                                     ......                                                                                                PalkWalt Gfe
                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Shore                 fea
                                                                                                                         .7.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 K
                                                                    Railroad
                                                                                                                                                               reenway
                                                                                                    X_.
                                                                                                                                                                                                               Shore Parkway
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    _@,:nway
                                                                                                                                                               -Brooklyn - Queens
                                                    Staten Island,

                                                                                                                                                                                                               Greenway x.".
                                                                                                                                                                                                               ..........
                                                                                                                                                                                                                           2
                                                                                                                                                                                                               ..........  . ......
                                                                              Willowbrook                                 ;r                                   ross
                                                                                Bikeway                                        Sunset Park                     Brooklyn
                                                                                                                                                                                                                           X:.      j:X.: N
                                                                                                                                                                                                               :X:
                                                                                                                               Connector

                                                                    Sla n                                                                                                                                      ...... .. .....
                                                                                                  Island
                                             hore                   a, d                          n.ay_,0
                                          S                                                                          ......                                                                                    ........
                                    we                                                                                                                                                                         .. ....
                                     I.,:.nw.y                                                                                                                                                                 ........
                                                                                                                                                               Green
                                                                                                                                                                                                               OP
                                                                                     G                                                                                                                                                           .... ...
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 X:
                                                                                       Loop
                         FUchmond
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    ..... ........
                                                                                                                                                               . .. .... .. .....                              .............. ... ........       ........
                                                                                                                                                                                                                           ..........
                          Parkway                                                                                                                              ..... .                                         .. .. .... .
                          Gri
                              Denway
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 ............. .     . ......
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 ................... .........
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 .........  .......    ........

                                                                                                                                                                                                               ..........           ............
                                                                                                             ..........
                                                                                                                                                               ....                                            .......
                                                                                                                                                                                                               x                                 . ... ..
                                                                                                                                                                                                               a           .. .........
                                                                                                                                                                                                               .. .. .... ....... ....... ......
                                                                                                                                                                                                                           ..............        ..... ..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                           ...                   ......... X.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 -::-:: -....  . ..............
                                                                                                                                                                                                               .. .. ................
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               ..................
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     ...........
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         .......   . .......

                                                                                                                                                                                                               ............ .......... . ...........

                                                                            ............
                                                                                                                                                                                                               . ............ ............ .........
                                                                                                                                                                                                               . . .. ..........
                                                                             .. ...... ....
                                                                                  .............................                                                                                                . .............
                                                                                                               W
                                                                                         .....          ........
                                                                                              ..........
                                                                                                                                                               ..................

                                                                    .......... ..
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 . .................
                                                                    ..........                                                                                 .. .....                                        . ... ......... X.
                                                                                                                                                               ........                                        ...:.. .... ...... .. ........
                                                                                                                ...                                            ...............

                                                                                                                                                                                                               ........... ........ ... ..................... .......
                                                                                                                                                               . ... ... ..... .......
                                                                                                                                                               .............................
                                                                                                                                                               X - : : : :                                     .                    .......
                                                                                                                                                                                                               ..... ....... . ...... ......... ...
                                                                                                                                                                                                               .................
                                                                                                                                                                                                               .............

                                                                                                                       . . . ............
                                                                                                                                                               .. ........................                     .................. .......
                                                                                                                                                                                                               .............                                         .. .... -
                                                                                                                                      ...... ....                                                                                                . ......
                                                                                                                                                                                                               ............... ..
                                                                                                     ..............                          ........          .......  ...............                        ...... ......................
                                                                                                                                                                                                               ....... .. .................. ...
                                                                                                                                                                                                               ............
                                                                                                                                                                                                               ..................................
                                                                    ..............
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    ..........
                                                                                                                                ..........                     ......                                          ...............
                                                                                                                        . ........           ... ......... . ..                                                ......... ..                                    ...............
                                                                                                                                                               ..........                                      . ... . .....
                                                                                                                                                                                                               ...........
                              ........ ... .. ..                                                           ........                                                                                                        .........
                                            ..... ......                                                                                                       .. ............                                 :: ... I
                                                                                                                          . . . .. ..                                                                                                                             ..............
                        X                                                       . . . .....
                                                                                                                                                               X
                                                                                                             ....                        ...... .
                                           . . . . . . . . . . . . .....                                                                                                                                                   ........
                          Schematic Greenway Plan                                                                                                              Priority Routes

                                                                    Priority Greenway Routes                                                                                                                               Water Crossing

                                                                    Other Potential Greenway Routes

                         .........                                  Borough Boundary


                       GREENWAY PLAN FOR NEW YORK CITY I NYC Department of City Planning

                                                                                                                                                14








                        In addition, 11 separate projects have been endorsed by the New York City
                        Transportation Coordinating Committee (NYCTCC) for $3.9 million in ISTEA
                        Congestion Mitigation Air Quality funding. Approved projects include major
                        portions of the Hudson and East River systems in Manhattan, the Putnam Rail
                        and Hudson River corridors in the Bronx, the Brooklyn-Queens Greenway and
                        Shore Parkway in Brooklyn and Queens; and the Staten Island Railroad Trail in
                        Staten Island. Other means of implementing the priority routes described below
                        include state and city capital funds, which are contributing to completion of
                        portions of the Harlem Beach esplanade and the Shore Parkway bikepath.
                        Greenway segments can also be implemented as part of park renovation projects,
                        such as Soundview Park in the Bronx, or in conjunction with highway or bridge
                        projects, such as the rebuilding of Route 9A and rehabilitation of the
                        Williamsburg and Manhattan bridges. Private development along the waterfront
                        will also provide important links in the system.

                        As part of the greenway planning agenda, the following operating constraints and
                        issues  must be addressed if the system is to function successfully.

                        0       Space limitations and conflicts among the various users. A growing range
                                and number of trail users must often fit into very narrow corridors. Clear
                                rules of public behavior must be established to ensure safety, and
                                standards must be established to guide the design of these paths. For
                                example, a multi-use path should be at least twelve feet wide for two-way
                                traffic. In areas where heavy use is anticipated, it may be desirable to
                                separate pedestrians from cyclists and other wheeled users by creating
                                completely discrete paths. Where the space is not sufficient to safely
                                accommodate all users, faster wheeled users may have to be diverted to
                                a secondary route nearby, perhaps an on-street alternative. This may be
                                necessary along portions of the waterfront with limited space between the
                                shore and existing structures, highways, or rail lines.

                        0       The problems posed by a built-up city. In some areas where streets may
                                be the only alternative for a bikeway alignment, there are likely to be
                                conflicts with automotive uses; for example, in industrial areas where
                                streets are vital for moving goods by truck.

                        0       Maintenance and management. Resources must be identified to pay for
                                the operation of this new recreation/transportation infrastructure and to
                                make the spaces secure from crime. Management arrangements need to
                                be structured in ways that recognize the variety of jurisdictions traversed
                                by the greenways.








                                                                 13









                                                 Staten Island Railroad Trail


                      A key segment of the East Coast Greenway, the trail could extend from the St.
                      George Ferry Terminal (and the Staten Island Rapid Transit line which runs south
                      to Tottenville) to the pedestrian path on the Goethals Bridge to New Jersey, with
                      a spur to Travis. The city is currently seeking to acquire the line for freight
                      and/or commuter use. The NYCTCC has given preliminary approval to ISTEA
                      funds for a design investigation of interim trail use of the line and a trail with
                      rail, if rail use is restored.    The outstanding features of this route are its
                      marvelous vistas of New York Harbor and the Lower Manhattan skyline, and its
                      proximity to the working waterfront along the Arthur Kill, the Snug Harbor
                      Cultural Center, and the Harbor Herons wetlands containing significant coastal
                      fish and wildlife habitats.


                                                    Putnam Railroad Trail


                      This abandoned rail line in the northwest Bronx would connect to a system in
                      place or under construction in Westchester and might also link south to Manhattan
                      across the Harlem River, providing the best north-south cycle route in the Bronx.
                      Subway connections could make it a good intermodal route, potentially attracting
                      people who now drive to Manhattan or to Westchester.

                                    Mosholu-Petham Greenway (North Bronx Bikeway)

                      This established greenway runs east-west through the middle of the Bronx; it
                      originated in the late 1930s and was reconstructed in the 1970s as a bike-to-transit
                      route with signage and bike lock-ups at rail stations. The route links Pelham Bay
                      Park and Orchard Beach on the east with Van Cortlandt Park on the west, with
                      access to Bronx Park, the Bronx Zoo and Botanic Garden, and many institutions,
                      subway and Metro North stations along the way. The route has considerable
                      intermodal potential.

                                    Hutchinson River Parkway Trail (Northern Section)

                      A deteriorated bikepath runs along the length of the Hutchinson Parkway from the
                      Whitestone Bridge to the county line. Its continuity is interrupted in several
                      places by new exit ramps or overpasses. The section north of Pelham Parkway
                      could become the chief link with the East Coast Greenway north of the city if
                      Connecticut establishes a pathway along the Merritt Parkway corridor.









                                                               16









                      Priority Routes

                      A number of routes have been identified as priorities for early action, based on
                      the criteria below.


                      ï¿½       Potential for completing a system now substantially in place, or part of a
                              long-distance trail.

                      ï¿½       Corridors with roadway congestion or air quality problems where moving
                              people from cars and taxis to bicycles or walking could make a significant
                              difference.


                      ï¿½       Potential for a high volume of use because of proximity to major
                              employment, cultural or educational centers, or to regional parks.

                      0       Geographic balance throughout the city.

                      ï¿½       Relatively low cost to establish (e.g., acquisition not required), or the
                              cost-to-use ratio is relatively low.

                                            The Hudson River Greenway Trail

                      This route can become a key north-south commuter route, paralleling dense
                      residential areas and offering some of the city's most dramatic scenery. Planning
                      for Route 9A from Battery Place to 59th Street includes separate bicycle and
                      pedestrian paths; an interim bikeway-walkway is presently being developed by the
                      Hudson River Park Conservancy. The Route 9A segment will ultimately connect
                      with waterside paths through the Riverside South development and the parks
                      extending to the northern tip of Manhattan. With connections to the Bronx and
                      Staten Island, the route will link with the planned Hudson River Valley Greenway
                      from Westchester to Albany. It would also be part of the East Coast Greenway
                      linking cities along the coast.

                                                   East River Esplanade

                      Like the Hudson River corridor, this route has strong potential for a high level
                      of commuter and recreational use. It has wonderful scenic views and could be
                      an alternate leg of the East Coast Greenway. Portions have existed for half a
                      century at East River and Carl Schurz parks, and most of the esplanade between
                      63rd and 125th streets was built or rebuilt in the 1980s, funded by new
                      development projects on the east side of Manhattan. Completion of the sections
                      south of 63rd street are a priority. Planning and design is under way for Harlem
                      Beach which will contain bicycle and pedestrian paths along the Harlem River
                      from 125th to 145th streets. At Macombs Dam Bridge, users would cross to the
                      proposed Harlem River path in the Bronx to continue northward.



                                                              15












                                                                  ACKNOWLEDGEMIENTS




                             The De,'irtment of City Planning is grateful for the invaluable contributions made by members of the
                             Metro N     York Bikeway-Walkway Working Group, established in February 1992 by the New York
                             State D     artment of Transportation,    Special recognition is extended to Ivan Vamos, Deputy
                             Commiss     uner of the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation, who
                             served as   committee chairman until June 1993. The planning framework presented in this report
                             emerged     Norn months of work by committee members representing the following agencies and
                             organizatio is.


                             Bicycle Tray.sportation Action                                 NYC Department of Transportation
                             Bronx Boro igh President's Office                              NYC Economic Develop mentCorporation
                             Brooklyn B,)rough President's Office                           New York Metropolitan Transportation
                             Federal Tri risit Agency                                       Council
                             Hudson Ri er Valley Greenway                                   New York-New Jersey Trails Conference
                               Heritage  /Conservancy                                       NYS Department of Transportation
                             Manhattai   Borough President's Office                         NYS Office of Parks, Recreation
                             Metropoli   n Greenways Council                                and Historic Preservation
                             National I irk Service                                         Parks*Council
                             Neighborh od Open Space Coalition                              Public Space for Public Life
                             NYC Depa -tment of City Planning                               Queens Borough President's Office
                             NYC Depa -tment of Environmental                               Riverside Park Fund
                               Protectior                                                   Staten Island Borough President's Office
                             NYC Dep irtment of Parks and Recreation                        Transportation Alternatives
                                                                                            Trust for Public Land




                             DEPAW MN I OF CITY PLANNING




                             Richard     Schaffer, Director
                             Sandy I     )rnick, Deputy Executive Director, Strategic Planning
                             Barbara     Weisberg, Assistant Executive Director, Planning Coordination

                             Wilbur      Woods, Director, Waterfront and Open Space Division
                             Karen '     otava, Project Director
                             Sheila'     fetcalf, Map Production
                             James )     fcConnell, Map Consultant
                             Debra       irumet, Adrienne Taub, Interns


                             Floyd       app, Director, Transportation Division
                             Ismail      Chan, Transportation Planner

                             Tho= Angotti, Brooklyn Office
                             Ray C       rran, Bronx Office
                             Lucy I      axter, Word Processor
                             Eustac Pilgrim, Cover Design
                             Anton       Mendez, Deputy Director of Operations
                                                                    US Departlrne,_nt of Commerce
                                                                                ____ t_1 - --- '-, C--t= Library
                                                             XOAA Coast @1
                                                                      2234 coo, -1-_`
                                                                       Charles- tc--2, L_                     3









                               Shore Parkway Bikeway and Rockaway-Gateway Greenway

                       The Shore Parkway is presently the city's best traffic-free multi-use path. The
                       Bay Ridge section is in relatively good condition and heavily used, but a gap from
                       Bay Parkway to Knapp Street needs to be closed. State and city funds are
                       programmed to upgrade the area extending east to Cross Bay Boulevard. It could
                       then connect with the Rockaway-Gateway Greenway, which even in its current
                       deteriorated and interrupted state gets fairly heavy use because it accesses the
                       Rockaway beaches, Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge, and Floyd Bennett Field. The
                       National Park Service and the Friends of Gateway will collaborate on a
                       preliminary plan for the Rockaway route.

                                                Brooklyn-Queens Greenway

                       The Brooklyn-Queens Greenway proposed in the eighties would link Eastern and
                       Ocean parkways with parks in Brooklyn and Queens. Much of the route exists
                       but several gaps make passage very difficult between Brooklyn and Queens. The
                       route passes a myriad of cultural institutions, including the Brooklyn Museum and
                       the Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Shea Stadium and many of the city's finest parks.
                       A Sunset Park connector would lead to the Shore Parkway route, and a spur
                       through Red Hook would lead to the redeveloping Brooklyn piers and the
                       Brooklyn Bridge. Trail blazing signage for the Greenway has been funded by the
                       respective Borough Presidents' offices.

                                                Queens East River Greenway

                       The planned Queens West mixed use development in Hunters Point, other
                       development projects and extensive public parkland will make it possible to have
                       a continuous pathway along this waterfront corridor. Offering tourist potential,
                       the route could connect to Manhattan via the East River bridges and the Roosevelt
                       Island Tram.


                             Verrazano-Narrows Bridge/North and South Shore Greenways

                       Although a footpath was part of the original bridge design, it was never built
                       when the bridge opened and ferry service ended in the early 1960s. If feasible,
                       a Verrazano-Narrows Bridge pedestrian/bike path would provide a connection
                       between recreation and work destinations in Brooklyn and Staten Island. The city
                       has requested ISTEA funding to assess the feasibility and costs of establishing a
                       dual bike-pedestrian path on the bridge. Upgrading and completing the Staten
                       Island North Shore esplanade and the South Shore bicycle route would increase
                       travel options for bridge users.






                                                              17








                paths enhance the social life of the City by drawing together friends and neighbors, as

                well as visitors to the City.

                       To Implement the greenway system, the Department of City Planning will

                collaborate with other City agencies such as the Department of Parks and Recreation

                and the Department of Transportation, as well as elected officials, conununity boards

                and civic groups.

                       Development of the Greenway Plan was coordinated by Karen.Votava, Director

                of Open Space Planning, and Floyd Lapp, Director of Transportation Planning.

                Questions about the plan may be directed to Karen Votava, Department of City

                Planning, 22 Reade Street, New York, New York 10007, (212) 720-3629.

                       Copies of the report can be ordered at $3.00 each from the City Planning

                Bookstore, 22 Reade Street, New York 10007, (212) 720-3667.







                       Richard L. Schaffer, Director of the City Planning Department said, "The

                Greenway Plan responds to a heightened public interest in such healthful activities as

                cycling, skating, running and walking. Greenways offer new recreational opportunities,

                and an alternative way for people to move about the City, one which is non-polluting

                and does not add to traffic congestion. We want to expand travel options for residents,

                as well as tourists, by making It possible to safely and pleasantly journey by bicycle or

                on foot throughout the City. The weekday trip to work, or the weekend trip to the

                beach, park or museum can become an enjoyable and healthy activity and, at the same

                time can contribute to the quality of the environment."

                      The City has received $1 million In federal transportation funds for further

                planning and to begin implementation of the greenway system and a complementary on-

                street bicycle system. In addition, $3.9 million of federal -dollars have been approved to

                plan and build ten segments of the greenway system, including: major portions of the

                East River and Hudson River greenways in Manhattan; the Putnam Railroad Trail in the

                Bronx; the Brooklyn-Queens Greenway and Shore Parkway Bikepath In Brooklyn and

                Queens; the Staten Island Railroad Trail along the borough's north Shore; and the

                Verrazano Bridge Bikepath. Funds to develop a citywide greenway signage system have


                also been allocated.


                      The creation of a greenway system is a major step in the evolution of the  City's

                commitment to open space, recreation and a "green" environment. Greenways serve as

                important public spaces, close to where people live and work. They serve a wide range

                of purposes: strolling, dog-walking, bird-watching, jogging, cycling, skating, fishing,

                fresh air and relaxation. Acting as magnets for social Interaction, these recreation



                                                              Planning News
        NEW YORK CITY PLANNING COMMMON
        22 Reade Street, Now Yolk, NY 10007AXne of PubAcAffairs (212) 720-3503
                 For Immediate Release:                                      Contact: Lonnie Soury
                 Tuesday, October 19, 1993                                          (212) 720-3503





                             CITY PLANNING ANNOUNCES CITYWIDE GREENWAY PLAN





                       The Department of City Planning today released a "Greenway Plan For New York

                 City," a proposal for the nation's first comprehensive urban greenway network -- a

                 system of 350 miles of bicycle and pedestrian pathways throughout New York City.

                       Building on 59 miles of existing bikepaths, trails and waterfront esplanades, such

                 as the Shore Parkway Bikepath in Brooklyn, this plan sets an ambitious goal of

                 completing this fragmented trail system by adding miles of scenic waterfront

                 esplanades, converted rail-beds, and pathways through parks and along parkways. The

                 plan released today Is the first step in the Department's multi-year greenway planning

                 and implementation program.

                       Mayor David N. Dinkins, announcing the Greenway Plan in a speech on Sunday

                 while dedicating the Hudson River Bikepath, said, "We'll build new bike paths all over

                 our City -- Including a five and a half mile path along this very street, West Street; a

                 new path along the Hudson, between 72nd Street and the George Washington Bridge; a

                 path through the Bronx to Westchester County, completing New York's portion of the

                 Hudson River Greenway Trail to Albany; and, 350 miles of trails and bikeway s funded

                 through the federal Greenway program."
                                                 city

















                                                                           1b







                                                                                                                                                                                                      Aqueduct -                                            Long
                                                                                                                                                                                                      univer
                                                                                                                                                  Mosholu - PelhaJ                                    Green:,@,,                                           Island
                                                                                                                                                       Greenway
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Sound
                                     Water Crossings                                          Detail
                                 1. George Washington Brridge                                                    3                                                                   1z,                                                       Mosholu - Pelham
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Greenway
                                 2 Henry Hudson Bridge
                                 3 Broadway Bridge                                                                                                                                                    Woo flawn-
                                 4.  University Heights Bridge                                                                                                                                        Salon Falls
                                 5. Washington Bridge                                                                                        Hudson River                                             Greenway
                                                                                                                                               Greenway
                                 6. High Bridge
                                 7. Macombs Dam Bridge                                                                                                                            Grand
                                                                                                                                                                                             @n %rse
                                 8.145th St. Bridge                                                                                                                                   Or    OD        , The
                                 9. Madison Ave. Bridge                                                                                                                               Gre             -Th
                                                                                                                 UN-0y                                                                                Bronx
                             10. Third Avenue Bridge                                                             Grwy.                                                                                                                 a
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   eat
                                 1. Willis Avenue Bridge                                           6                                                                                                  ch!'nso                      I    sland
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Greenway
                             12. Triborough Bridge                                                                                                                                                    uiRi, r
                             13. Randall's Island Bridge                                                   7                                                                                          Parkway@
                             14. Whitestone Bridge                                               C,              Harlem Ri-,                                                                          rail
                                                                                                                    TIWI
                             16. Wards Island Footbridge                                        Z18011
                                                                                                                                                                                                      Soun vie
                             17. R osevelt island Tram and Bridge                                                                                                              3       b              j
                             18. Cloueensboro Bridge                                                       .. .. . .. .                                                                               Bronx River
                                                                                                                                                                                   Ong                Gres
                             19. Williamsburg Bridge                                                                                                                                any                    n
                             20. Manhattan Bridge                                                                                                                  6         2
                             21. Brooklyn Bridge                                                                                                                                                                         Ouse a-
                             22. Cross Bay Bridge                                                                                                          V
                             23. Marine Parkway Bridge                                                                                                                  Quee4nIwE. R' er                                 No h Shore
                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Greenway,
                             24. Verrazano Bridge                                                                                                                            Gre     y
                             25. Cuterbridge Crossing
                             26. Goethals Bridge
                                                                                                                                                                             011 11   Or
                             27. Bayonne Bridge
                             28. Hoboken Ferry
                             29. Weehawken Ferry                                                                                                                                                                         Broolklyn/Cueens
                                     (Lincoln Harbor)                                                                    13DO             -                                                                                 Gre nway
                             30. Weehawken Ferry                                                                                                   Uj                        4         Queens
                                     (Port Imperial)                                                                    (31             21'                 9
                             31. Liberty State Park Ferry                                                                                                                    #
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Laurellon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              a Bay/           Parkway
                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Jamaic                Greenway
                                                                                                                                                         Olmsted                                                         Forest Park
                                                                                                                                                         Bikeway                                      '%Conduit Blvd.    Greenay
                                                                                                                           rooklyn                                                                      onnector
                                                    Staten Island                     (2j                                 aterfro                                                                                        Shore Parkwav Gre,
                                                       Railroad                                                            Trail                         Brooklyn - Que ns                                                             -",IJFK
                                                                                                                                                               Greenway                                                       If
                                                 (2-6) TraZ@@                                                                                                                      hore Parkwa                                foms%oj@eenway
                                                                                                                                                                                     Greenway


                                                                                                                                                       ross Blo
                                                                               willo rook
                                                                                 Bikeway                                  A
                                                                                                                                 Sunset Park                Brooklyn
                                                                                                                                  Connector

                                                             Staten
                                                             Island                          North Island                                                                                             Q>
                                     We"   Shore                                               Greenway,                                                                                 Rockaway-
                                     G
                                       r nwa,                                                                                                                                              ateway,
                                         a                                                                                                                   Greenwa
                                                                                       Greenbelt                                                                                           reenway
                           Richm n                                                           P
                           P r a
                           Or    n   a
                                                                                                                                     Brooklyn - Queens
                                                                                                                                          Greenway                                Rockaway - Gateway
                                                                                                                                         IWO Grwy.)                                      Greenway,
                           C5                                                                                                                                                                                                     Atlantic Ocean
                                                                                                                 Lower
                                                                                                           New York
                                                                 Wolfe's Pond                                    Bay
                                                                Park Connector                                                                                                                                                                                     N

                                                                   5 MILES                                                                                                                                                                     Fall 1993
                           Schematic Greenway Plan

                                                              priority greenway route                                                                                               ..........                           borough boundary

                                                             other potential                greenway routes                                                                                                              water crossing
                                                                                                   tall
                                                                                                                 (3
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                                                                                                           7,
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                                                                                                   0

































                             GREENWAY PLAN FOR NEW YORK CITY                                                                                                                 NYC Department of City Planning







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