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NEON r4 Q) C24 - -- --- lit4 CLS LAJ CMID ,All,a _iA CN 00 Lr) 00 > G0@,1,,,10,,q1@\/EALTK OF THE 1989 VIRGINIA VIRGINiN OUTDOORSPLAN @e@, T A Plan for Meeting Virginia's Outdoor no Recreational Needs and Conserving the Environment Board of Directors Outdoor Recreation Department of Conservation Advisory Board and Recreation June 1989 Department of June 1989 J. Robert Hicks, Jr. Conservation and Recreation Frank Armstrong, III Chairman Benjamin H. Bolen Clay H. Turner B. C. Leynes, Jr. Vice-Chairman Director Gwendolyn Jo Carlberg Joseph C. Davis, Jr. Division of Planning and Recreation Resources John J. Davies, III John H. Parsons Art Buehler Bruce B. Gray W. Bruce Wingo Director Mary Douthat Higgins Neal J. Barber Amanda T. Macaulay Director The Department of Conservation and Recreation, Division of Plan- Department ofHousing and ning and Recreation Resources would like to thank the following Helen Turner Murphy Community Development people for the use of their photos in The Virginia Outdoors Plan: Linda Todd Puller Ray Pethtel Commissioner Northern Virginia Regional Park Authority Earl B. Reynolds, Jr. Department of Transportation Division of Tourism Clinton V. Tumer James A. Remington Division of State Parks York County Parks and Recreation Department Jeanne B. Whitman Executive Director Department of Henrico County Parks and Recreation Department Game and Inland Fisheries Clarke County Parks and Recreation Department Fauquier County Parks and Recreation Department U.S. Forest Service I v" T DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NOAA COASTAL SERVICES CENTER 2234 SOUTH HOBSON AVENUE CHARLESTON, SC 29405-2413 Table of Contents Page CHAPTER IX: CHAPTERI: Persons with Disabilities and Goals and Objectives .......... 7 Senior Adults .............. 43 CHAPTER H: CHAPTER X: History and Progress .......... 9 Tourism and Recreation Economics ................. 50 CHAPTER III: Current Issues ................ 14 CHAPTER XI: Incentives for Open Space C14APTERIV: Preservation ................ 53 Participation and Coordination 19 CHAPTER X11: CHAPTERV: Continuing Planning .......... 55 Roles and Responsibilities ..... 25 CHAPTER X111: CHAPTER VI: Recreation Planning Regions ... 58 A Summary of Major Findings and Recommendations ...... 29 CHAPTER XIV: Standards for Outdoor CHAPTERVII: Recreation Planning ......... 61 Implementing the Virginia Outdoors Plan .............. 32 CHAPTER XV: C'm The Demand for Outdoor > CHAPTER VIII: Recreation ................. 83 Priorities in the Use of the V irginia Outdoors Fund ..... 38 Vr0VQWtY Off CSC b1b2axy CHAPTERXV1: Wetlands .................. 156 The Supply of Outdoor Inland River Access ......... 168 Recreation Areas and Beaches .................... 171 Facilities ................... 92 Other State Properties ....... 174 Local and Regional Parks .... 176 CHAPTER XVIL Private Sector 179 The Need for Outdoor Recreation Areas and CHAPTER XIX: Facilities ................... 95 Indoor Recreational Facilities 181 CHAPTERXV111: CHAPTERXX: Outdoor Recreation Systems ... 100 Regional Analysis and Recommendations .......... 184 National Parks ............. 100 National Forests ............ 103 Introduction ................ National Wildlife Refuges .... 105 Region 1 -Northern Other Federal Areas and Virginia ....... 186 Programs ................ 107 Region 2 - Richmond ..... 195 Stale Parks ................ 110 Region 3 - Hampton Roads 204 State Fish and Wildlife Region 4 - Roanoke/ Management ............. 114 Lynchburg ..... 215 State Forests ............... 117 Region 5 - Southwest Virginia Historic Landmarks 120 Virginia ....... 225 Conservation Easements .... 122 Region 6 - Shenandoah Natural Areas .............. 123 Valley ......... 238 Greenways ................. 130 Region 7 - Northern Scenic Highways and Piedmont ...... 248 Virginia Byways ......... 130 Region 8 - Tidewater ...... 259 Trails: ..................... 134 Region 9 - Petersburg/ Rails to Trails ............ 137 Hopewell ...... 267 Bicycling and Bikeways ... 139 Region 10 - Eastern Shore 275 Water River Trails ........ 142 Region 11 - Southern Equestrian Trails ......... 144 Piedmont ...... 282 Motorized Trails .......... 145 Hostels .................... 147 Scenic Rivers ............... 149 Water Access ............ 153 List of Plates 16 Other State Properties ......... -175 List of Tables Number Title Page 17 Full-time Parks and Recreation Number Title Page 1 Outdoor Recreation Planning Departments .................. 183 1 Time Schedule-Virginia Regions ....................... 60 18 Region 1- Outdoors Plan ................ 57 2 National Parks ................ 102 Northern Virginia ............. 191 2 Summary of Local Park Area 19 Region 2- Standards ..................... 63 3 National Forests and Wildlife Richmond ..................... 201 Refuges ....................... 104 3 Space Standards .............. 78 4 Other Federal Areas ........... 109 20 Region 3- 4 Capacity Standards ..... ..... 81 Hampton Roads ............... 211 5 State Parks ................... 112 21 Region 4- 5 Demand Assessment for Youth 6 State Wildlife Management Roanoke-Lynchburg ........... 221 Sports Participation ........... 87 Areas ......................... 116 22 Region 5- 6 Standards for Recreation Southwest Virginia ............ 232 Resource Needs ....... ....... 89 7 State Forests .................. 119 23 Region 6- 7 Ranking of Activities .......... 90 8 Natural Areas ................. 129 Shenandoah Valley ...... ..... 244 8 Statewide Demand Expressed 9 Virginia Byways, Scenic 24 Region 7- in Facilities .................... 90 Highways, and Parkways ...... 133 Northern Piedmont ............ 254 9 Statewide Supply Expressed in 10 Virginia Greenways System ... 136 25 Region 8- Facilities ...................... 93 11 Hostels ....................... 148 Tidewater ..................... 263 10 Statewide Needs Expressed in 26 Region 9- Facilities ...................... 96 12 Scenic Rivers ...... .......... 152 Petersburg-Hopewell .... ..... 272 11 Recreation Needs 1990 13 Tidewater Boating Access ..... 155 27 Region 10- Expressed in Facilities ......... 97 14 Public Access to Inland Rivers 170 Eastern Shore ................. 279 12 Recreation Needs 2000 15 Virginia's Beach Resources .... 173 28 Region I]- Expressed in Facilities ......... 98 Southern Piedmont ............ 286 13 Recreation Needs 2010 Expressed in Facilities ......... 99 14 Wetlands in Virginia ........... 156 15 Wetlands Priorities for Protection ..................... 163 3 16 North American Waterfowl 30 Planning District 2-Demand, 44 Planning District 19-Demand, Management Plan ............. 168 Supply and Needs Analysis ... 235 Supply and Needs Analysis ... 274 17 Region 1-Demand, Supply 31 Planning District 3-Demand, 45 Region 10-Demand, Supply and Needs Analysis ........... 192 Supply and Needs Analysis ... 236 and Needs Analysis ........... 280 18 Planning District 8-Demand, 32 Planning District 4-Demand, 46 Planning District 22-Demand, Supply and Needs Analysis ... 193 Supply and Needs Analysis ... 237 Supply and Needs Analysis ... 281 19 Planning District 16-Demand, 33 Region 6-Demand, Supply 47 Region 11-Demand, Supply Supply and Needs Analysis ... 194 and Needs Analysis ........... 245 and Needs Analysis ........... 287 20 Region 2-Demand, Supply 34 Planning District 6-Demand, 48 Planning District 12-Demand, and Needs Analysis ........... 202 Supply and Needs Analysis ... 246 Supply and Needs Analysis ... 288 21 Planning District 15-Demand, 35 Planning District 7-Demand, 49 Planning District 13-Demand, Supply and Needs Analysis ... 203 Supply and Needs Analysis ... 247 Supply and Needs Analysis ... 289 22 Region 3-Demand, Supply 36 Region 7-Demand, Supply and Needs Analysis ........... 212 and Needs Analysis ........... 255 23 Planning District 20-Demand, 37 Planning District 9-Demand, List of Diagrams Supply and Needs Analysis ... 213 Supply and Needs Analysis ... 256 Number Title Page 24 Planning District 21-Demand, 38 Planning District I O-Demand, 1 Neighborhood Playground or Supply and Needs Analysis ... 214 Supply and Needs Analysis ... 257 Playlot ........................ 64 25 Region 4-Demand, Supply 39 Planning District 14-Demand, 2 Neighborhood Park ........... 66 and Needs Analysis ........... 222 Supply and Needs Analysis ... 258 26 Planning District 5-Demand, 40 Region 8-Demand, Supply 3 Community Park .............. 68 Supply and Needs Analysis ... 223 and Needs Analysis ........... 264 4 District Park .................. 70 27 Planning District 11-Demand, 41 Planning District 17-Demand, 5 Recreation Center ............. 71 Supply and Needs Analysis ... 224 Supply and Needs Analysis ... 265 28 Region 5-Demand, Supply 42 Planning District 18-Demand, 6 Regional Park ................. 73 and Needs Analysis ........... 233 Supply and Needs Analysis ... 266 7 Greenway ..................... 75 29 Planning District I-Demand, 43 Region 9-Demand, Supply 8 State Park .................... 77 Supply and Needs Analysis ... 234 and Needs Analysis ........... 273 4 INTRODUCTION The 1989 Virginia Outdoors Plan is Virginia's space resources. The Plan is designed to be sixth State Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation readable and useable by both professionals and Plan. The first plan, titled Virginia's Common laymen interested in outdoor recreation in Vir- Wealth, was prepared in 1965 by the Virginia ginia. The recommendations and specific actions 4 Outdoor Recreation Study Commission at the should be implemented over the next five years to request of the 1964 General Assembly. That meet the state's recreational needs. report launched the state into a broad program of The Plan provides guidance through the provi- open space conservation, recreational planning, sion of information on the demand, supply, and and development. Subsequent plans under the title of The Virginia Outdoors Plan have been needs for various types of outdoor recreation published by the Commission of Outdoor Recre- areas and facilities, as well as delineating the roles and responsibilities of both the public and ation in 1970, 1974, 1979, and by the Division of private sector in meeting these needs. It reflects Parks and Recreation in 1984. the issues which the citizens and government feel The preparation of the 1989 Plan by the De- are important to the maintenance of a quality partment of Conservation and Recreation's Divi- environment and the provision of adequate sion of Planning and Recreation Resources staff recreation opportunities now and for the future. was aided by invaluable contributions from state, The following principles guided the prepara- federal, regional, local, and private agencies and tion of The Virginia Outdoors Plan: individuals, to whom the Department expresses its gratitude. Special acknowledgement is given Parks, recreation, and open space are essential to Dr. Robert D. Rugg of Virginia Commonwealth to the health, general welfare, comfort, and well University, Center for Public Affairs, for his being of all segments of the public; their provision efforts in updating and analyzing the demand is a public necessity and in the public interest. and supply data, and to Virginia's local govern- ments, parks and recreation departments, and The demand for outdoor recreation opportuni- the Planning District Commissions for their help ties is increasing faster than the population. in inventorying existing recreational areas and Multiple use of existing resources along with facilities and in conducting the review of the Plan private/public partnerships is imperative. at the local level. Each level of government, as well as the private The purpose of the Plan is to provide guidance sector, has a role and responsibility in providing to federal, state, and local units of government, as a variety of recreation opportunities and a bal- well as the private sector in acquiring, protecting, anced outdoor recreation system for all citizens. and developing outdoor recreation and open 5 Conservadon Poficy Legal Authority The official position of the Commonwealth of The legal authority of Virginia to participate in Virginia, with respect to its natural resources, its the Land and Water Conservation Fund program public lands, and its historic sites is clearly is contained in Section 10-21.8(3) of the Act expressed in the State Constitution. Article XI, which created the Commission of Outdoor Rec- Conservation, was adopted by the people in 1970 reation. This authority was transferred to the as recommended in the first Virginia Outdoors Department of Conservation and Recreation in Plan. July of 1983. The program provides 50 percent ARTICLE XI-Section 1 matching money to state agencies and localities Constitution of Virginia for the acquisition and development of outdoor recreation areas. The Division of Planning and "To the end that the people have clean air, pure Recreation resources is the official state office to water, and the use and enjoyment for recreation 11 create and put into effect a long range plan for of adequate public land, waters, and other natu- the acquisition ... and development of a compre- ral resources, it shall be the policy of the Com- hensive system of outdoor recreation facilities . . monwealth to conserve, develop, and utilize its " Other provisions in the act spell out the nature natural resources, its public land, and its histori- of the statewide recreation plan. The Virginia cal sites and buildings. Further, it shall be the Outdoors Plan constitutes the official State Commonwealth's policy to protect its atmos- Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plan for phere, lands, and waters from pollution, impair- Virginia. ment, or destruction for the benefit, enjoyment, and general welfare of the people of the The 1989 Plan is a product of input received Commonwealth." from numerous agencies, individuals, and organ- izations. The information was received during Article XI is a strong statement of Virginia's the statewide hearings of the 204 legislative public policy to protect air, water, and other subcommittee created by the General Assembly natural resources of the Commonwealth for the to assess recreation in Virginia, as well as presen- benefit of the people and it provides direction to tations at twenty meetings held across the state. the courts to construe state statutes and adminis- These issues, goals, objectives, and recommenda- trative acts in light of this constitutional tions represent the ideas and aspirations of the postulate. people of the Commonwealth with regard to the It is the objective of this article to insure that protection of the state's resource base, Virginia's the people of Virginia have the opportunity to live Common Wealth, and the provision of recreation in, utilize, and enjoy a natural environment which services to meet the needs of the citizens and can be passed on to future generations with visitors. satisfaction and pride. The 1989 Virginia Outdoors Plan is the Peo- ples Plan providing guidance and direction to the public and private sector in Virginia. 6 & 4 D CHAPTLE11\. tives Goals and Objec Goals Objectives Over the past twenty years, Virginia has In conjunction with these general goals, spe- developed a set of goals that describe the state's cific objectives have been developed for The intent toward the protection, acquisition, and Virginia Outdoors Plan. These objectives have development of its outdoor recreation resources. been established on the contention that Virginia's These goals form the basic policy of the Con)- natural and recreational resources are indeed a WAr monwealth with respect to meeting the challenge "Common Wealth" that should be utilized, pro- v wim f providing adequate recreational opportunities tected, and conserved in such a manner that they A$ 0 for residents as well as visitors. Working towards can be passed on to future generations with the attainment of these goals is both desirable satisfaction and pride, Following is a summary of and necessary if the state is to develop the quality the objectives of the Plan. of life desired by its residents. The goals are: e for needed development and Relating to Federal Agencies IK. To provid TO work with federal land and resource material progress without the needless sacri- managing agencies in implementing specific fice of natural, open space, or recreational resources. recommendations contained in The Virginia Outdoors Plan. To identify those resources which have spe- To provide assistance to federal agencies in cial recreational, historical, cultural, natural, developing and implementing plans which and scientific significance and take neces- could contribute to the provision of addi- sary steps to protect and conserve them. tional recreation opportunity in Virginia. To insure, for this and future generations of Virginians, the provision of an adequate Relating to State Agencies supply of outdoor recreational opportunities. To promote, with supplemental funds when To create a widespread understanding and available, the multiple use of state owned M appreciation of the value of our natural and lands, such as wildlife management areas, recreational resources. public fishing lakes, and state forests, in To promote the coordination of efforts among order to increase their recreational potential. the providers of outdoor recreational oppor- To promote and assist in the provision of tunities, both public and private, in meeting additional public water access sites and the recreational needs of all Virginians. water based recreational facilities on both - 7 tidal and nontidal waters. and counties to plan for and provide com- and encourage their enhancement, protec- � To encourage the continued expansion of the plete systems of outdoor recreation and open tion, and use as components of Virginia's Natural Areas System. space areas, with special emphasis toward byway system. the provision of recreation systems in urban Relating to Greenways � To increase the state's supply of lands avail- areas. able for public hunting, with special empha- To encourage the participation of localities in To encourage the development of a statewide sis on lands east of the Blue Ridge, when regional park authorities in order to coopera- system of greenways which would provide available. tively provide systems of major regional an entire spectrum of trail related activities � To increase the state's supply of needed facilities that would supplement nearby local linking together major resources throughout recreational facilities. park and recreation systems. the state. � To facilitate recreation program and facility To encourage localities to take advantage of - To promote the linking of existing recreation accessibility to all segments of the population underutilized public lands for outdoor recre- areas with biking, hiking, and jogging trails. including persons with disabilities. ation purposes. Relating to the Seashore � To manage the state park system to meet the To encourage local park and recreation de- -To protect and preserve to the greatest extent leisure needs of Virginia's residents and partments to coordinate with their school possible the remaining unspoiled coastal visitors and provide recreational facilities for systems to ensure optimal utilization of beaches, wetlands, and forests. camping, picnicking, playfields, hiking, recreation facilities. swimming, fishing, boating, and other leisure - To increase public access, including handi- activities while at the same time providing - To facilitate recreation program and facility capped access, to and use of desirable beach natural outdoor experiences and protecting accessibility to all segments of the population areas with particular emphasis on those significant state natural, historical, and including persons with disabilities. already in public ownership. cultural resources. Relating to the Private Sector Relating to Lakes, Rivers, and Bays � To increase the environmental awareness - To encourage individuals, organizations, and ,To protect and maintain the scenic, natural, and interpretive programs at all appropriate private enterprise to fulfill their role in and recreational values of the Chesapeake state owned areas. meeting the recreational needs of Virginians Bay. � To develop each state park to its optimum and out-of-state visitors. -To develop and/or retain for the public's capacity. - To encourage the private sector to develop enjoyment, a reasonable portion of the re- � To promote the development and use of service facilities, i.e., food and overnight creational and scenic values created by all limited portions of certain State Wildlife accommodations, needed in conjunction water resource projects. Management Areas for compatible outdoor with publicly owned recreational areas. - To expand the state's scenic river system to recreational opportunities. -To promote cooperative ventures for private include a representative portion of the Com- � To encourage localities to insure that their development of public lands when such monwealth's outstanding riverine diversity. resident s'lei sure service needs are being met. development is in harmony with the resource and site's master plan. -To develop additional public access to the Relating to Localities lakes, rivers, and bays of the Common- Relating to Scenic Highways and Virginia wealth, including handicapped access. � To insure the future of valuable open space Byways areas through the implementation of sound land use planning. To identify those roads that have special � To promote and assist action by cities, towns, natural, historical, scenic, or cultural values 8 NORTHERN VIRGINIA R 4ffi&iA* CHAYrER 1L History and Progress The first Virginia outdoors Plan, prepared for of State Parks, resulting in the doubling of both the G overnor and the General Assembly by the the number of parks and the total acreage in the Virginia Outdoor Recreation Study Commission state park system. Over $3,000,000 were also in 1965, was published under the title Virginia's allocated to the Commission of Game and Inland Common Wealth and was adopted by the 1966 Fisheries for aid in acquiring and developing General Assembly. The Plan was first updated in wildlife management areas, public fishing lakes, @1@ 1970 and revised again in 1974, 1979, and 1984. and boating access sites. Several technical assis- \A, tance bulletins dealing with project funding and The implementation of these five plans was accomplished in part by the following actions: administration were also developed. The re mainder of these funds went to local projects, (1) In 1966, the Commission of Outdoor Recreation was established as the state's official The Commission also provided technical assis- outdoor recreation planning and coordinating tance and expertise to local, regional and state entities involved in the development and delivery agency. The Commission had responsibility for developing and updating The Virginia Outdoors of public recreation services. The Commission assisted in the establishment of 65 full-time park Plan; maintaining the state's continuing compre hensive open space planning process; adminis- and recreation departments, conducted over 120 tering the Virginia Outdoors Fund, a grant pro- professional inservice training seminars and gram consisting of both state and federal workshops, and produced 18 technical assistance appropriat ions; and offering technical assistance publications for use in developing effective to agencies, localities, and the private sector in recreation service delivery systems. Assistance matters pertaining to outdoor recreation. was also given to the State Department of Correc- During its 17 years of existence, the Commis- tions, the Department of Mental Health and Mental Retardation, the Office on Aging, and sion approved sorrie 286 local and regional park projects and allocated over $103,000,000 of Virginia Commonwealth University in a variety Virginia Outdoors Funds. Of this total, approxi- of projects related to recreation. mately $41,700,000 were allocated to the Division One of the single most important functions of 9 the Commission was producing and periodically updating The Virginia Outdoors Plan. Crucial elements of the Plan included the Outdoor Recre- ation Demand, Supply and Needs Analysis and the Outdoor Recreation Areas and Facilities Inventory. In addition to producing the Outdoors Plan, the Commission had primary responsibil- ity for implementing the Virginia Scenic Rivers Program and joint responsibility with the De- partment of Transportation for the Scenic High- 4,@ ways and Virginia Byways program. Scenic river designations currently provide protection for outstanding sections of 14 rivers, totalling 300 miles in length, while the Virginia Byways System includes some 500 miles of 30 scenic road segments. During 1980-82, a series of general informa- tional brochures on hiking, horseback riding, 7 crabbing, canoeing, and bicycling in Virginia w, produced. A bicycle route trip map, two Virginia Byway tour guides and three river trip guides were also published. In addition to these recrea- Alt IL tional trip planning aids, several technical assis- tance brochures dealing with scenic river desig- Recreation Plan and planning process; and pro- (3) The Virginia Historic Landmarks Com- nation, fitness trail construction, and bicycle viding grants-in-aid to localities for the acquisi- mission (now the Department of Historic Resour- route mapping were completed and made tion and development of park and recreation ces) was created in 1966. Since its establishment, available. facilities. this division's professional staff has investigated In July 1983, the Commission of Outdoor (2) The Virginia Outdoors Foundation was and documented thousands of historic sites and Recreation was merged with the Division of established in 1966 for the purpose of promoting structures, placing 1,250 individual properties on Parks, Department of Conservation and Eco- the preservation of open space lands and encour- the Virginia Landmarks Register. They have nomic Development. This merger served to com- aging private philanthropic efforts to protect designated 140 State Historic Districts, and bine all state park and recreation functions into areas of natural, scenic, historic, scientific, and added 1,225 sites to the National Register of one division which could best serve the needs of recreational significance. The Foundation con- Historic Places. In July of 1989 the Division the Commonwealth. The Division of Parks and sists of the State Treasurer, six citizen trustees became an independent department under the Recreation had the responsibility of developing, appointed by the Governor, and a full-time Secretary of Natural Resources. operating, and maintaining the state park system; Executive Director. Over 40,000 acres of open (4) The Recreational Area Access Road Act defining state interests in matters pertaining to space easements have been acquired by the was passed in 1966 for the purpose of authorizing outdoor recreation and open space; providing Foundation. In addition to its easement acquisi- the expenditure of highway funds for the con- technical assistance to agencies, localities, and tions, the Foundation protects over 6,000 acres struction or improvement of roads providing the private sector in recreation matters; maintain- through fee simple ownership, including the access to public recreation areas. One hundred ing the State Comprehensive Outdoor 3,000-acre Bull Run Mountain tract. and twenty-six projects, involving the obligation 10 of over $15,765,958, have been initiated since vide the same measure of protection for nonvege- lands in the James River east of Lynchburg. Great passage of the Act. tated wetlands, greatly enhancing efforts to potential exists for similar use agreements on (5) The Scenic Rivers Act was passed in conserve our valuable wetlands ecosystem. other privately and publicly owned lands. 1970 for the purpose of establishing a Scenic (9) A 1972 amendment to the Appalachian (13) The 1986 General Assembly established a River System. It provided for the identification, Trail Protection Act provided for the establish- cabinet level Secretary of Natural Resources and evaluation, protection, and preservation of cer- ment of a statewide trail system. At that time, the reorganized the departments formerly under the tain rivers or sections of rivers which possess Virginia Outdoor Recreation Areas and Facilities Secretary of Commerce and Resources. Most natural or pastoral beauty of high quality. Inventory indicated a supply of 1,777 miles of programs and offices with responsibility for land Since 1970, 19 river sections have been studied hiking and walking trails. The 1987 Inventory and resource management now are organized and found to be worthy of Scenic River status. update shows over 3,710 miles of hiking trails, an under the Secretary of Natural Resources. The Thirteen of the nineteen have become compo- increase of 109% over 1972. Department of Conservation and Historic Re- nents of the system. One is in a Historic River (10) A 1976 joint policy statement by the sources [DCHR) was formed from elements of category. Additional segments are being Commission of Outdoor Recreation and the State the Department of Conservation and Economic Development and contained the Divisions of evaluated. Highways and Transportation Commission au- Historic Landmarks, Soil and Water Conserva- (6) In 1970, the Governor's Council on the thorized the expenditure of recreational access tion, Parks and Recreation, and the Natural Environment was established as a coordinating road funds for the construction of bicycle trails Heritage Program. The 1989 General Assembly body to advise the Governor on environmental and facilities. To date, some $444,800 has been will make the Division of Historic Landmarks an policy matters. The Council became an operative spent on nine bikeway development projects. independent department. The DCHR will be- state agency with the passage of the Environ- (11) In 1977, the Commission of Outdoor come the Department of Conservation and mental Quality Act in 1972 and now functions as Recreation, the Commission of Game and Inland Recreation. the central coordinating agency for the state on Fisheries, and the Department of Highways (14) During the summer of 1986, a survey of environmental issues. entered into a cooperative agreement to increase state park visitors was conducted to assist in (7) In 1971, the General Assembly enacted public access to rivers, streams, and estuaries. marketing state parks and to assess visitor the Land Use Assessment Law, which author- Construction permit applications are now re- profiles, expenditure rates, and travel distances. ized localities to adopt a program of special real viewed by the Department of Conservation and Used in conjunction with a telephone survey, a estate tax assessments for agriculture, horticul- Recreation's Division of Planning and Recreation marketing plan for state parks was developed. ture, forest and open space lands. Sixty-three Resources in order to determine the feasibility During the summer of 1988, a state park visitors localities are presently participating in the pro- and desirability of utilizing a portion of the state survey was conducted to determine user prefer- gram which is aimed in part at the preservation owned highway right-of-way for recreational ences and to identify ways in which our state and proper use of open space lands in and near access to the rivers. parks can better meet the needs of the users. urbanizing areas. (12) During 1982, the Commission of Outdoor (15) In January 1985, President Ronald Reagan (8) Passage of the Wetlands Act in 1972 set Recreation and the WESTVACO Corporation issued Executive Order 12503, creating an advi- forth a clear declaration of policy to preserve the formulated and entered into a cooperative agree- sory commission to review outdoor recreation. State's vegetated wetlands and prevent their inent which has resulted in an increased public The Commission was charged with reviewing despoliation and destruction. The Act authorized private interface in the provision of outdoor public and private outdoor recreation opportuni- localities to establish wetland boards with au- recreation opportunities for citizens of the Com- ties, policies, and programs, and making recom- thority and responsibility to review and act on monwealth. This unique agreement provides for mendations to ensure the future availability of wetland project permit applications. In 1982, the public canoeing, fishing, hiking, picnicking and outdoor recreation for the American people. The General Assembly amended this statute to pro- primitive camping on two privately owned is- report of the Commission was completed in January 1987, and published under the title, Americans Outdoors, the Legacy, the ChaUenge. The Commission found a need for continu tion of a secure funding assistance program at the federal level to encourage state and local recrea- tion development and open space acquisition. Secondly, the Commission recommended that the impetus for action start at the local level with , a prairie fire" of citizen action encouraging investment in outdoor recreation opportunities and rededication to the protection of our natural heritage. The third recommendation of the Com- mission called for the establishment of a network of greenways, created by local action, linking private and public recreation areas in tinear corridors of land and water close to where people live and work. ('16) The 1984 Virginia Outdoors Plan called for the establishment of a state. Heritage Program to identify significant natural areas, and rare and endangered plant and animal species in the Commonwealth. In 1987, the Department of Conservation and Historic Resources entered into an agreement with The Nature Conservancy which led to the establishment of a Heritage Program housed within the Department. The General Assembly approved full funding of the program with the 1988-90 budget. (17) In 1986 the Commonwealth received approval of its Coastal Zone Management Pro- gram. The central feature of this program is a core of regulatory programs which ensure that critical land and water uses are subject to regula- tion by the Commonwealth. These core programs include: Fisheries Management, administered by the Marine Resources Commission and the De- ,4 40 -ROW partment of Game and Inland Fisheries Subaqueous Lands Management, adminis- tered by the Marine Resources Commission 12 � Wetlands Management, administered by the Committees on Agriculture, Conservation and Marine Resources Commission Natural Resources, and on Finance, and two citizen members of the Outdoor Recreation � Dunes Management, administered by the Advisory Board. Marine Resources Commission The joint Subcommittee held five meetings at � Nonpoint Source Pollution Control, enforced locations throughout the state. At each site, the by the Department of Conservation and agenda included a business meeting followed by Recreation a public hearing. Over 350 persons attended the � Point Source Pollution Control, enforced by hearings and approximately 250 persons pro- the State Water Control Board vided testimony. Representatives of a wide variety of interest and advocacy groups, park � Shoreline Sanitation, administered by the users, and local government officials documented Department of Health the need for additional recreational opportunities � Air Pollution Control, enforced by the Air at both the state and the local level. The findings Pollution Control Board of the subcommittee resulted in the development An approved Coastal Zone Management Pro- of 12 recommendations addressed in Chapter III. gram entitles the Commonwealth to receive (20) In November of 1988, the Department of program funding and ensures federal consis- Conservation and Historic Resources reorgan- tency with state programs. ized its divisions to include the Division of (18) In -1986, the President signed the Emer- Planning and Recreation Resources, the Division gency Wetlands Resources Act, which authorized of State Parks, the Division of Administration, use of Land and Water Conservation Funds for the Division of Soil and Water Conservation, the the acquisition of wetlands and also required a Division of Historic Landmarks, and the Division wetlands component in the State Comprehensive of Natural Areas Conservation. All divisions are Outdoor Recreation Plan. In 1987, the Depart- designed to meet the natural resource planning ment of Conservation and Historic Resources and protection, and technical service requests of met with all wetland resource related agencies federal, state, and local agencies. and developed a wetlands component as an (21) The -1989 session of the General Assembly T addendum to The 1984 Virginia Outdoors Plan. reorganized the secretariat of Natural Resources by dividing the Department of Conservation and (191 The 1987 General Assembly, in House joint Resolution 204, established a joint subcorn- Historic Resources into two separate depart- juittee to study outdoor recreation needs of the nients. The new Department of Historic Resour- Commonwealth. The subcommittee was directed ces will contain the former Division of Historic to assess the long-term needs of both state and Landmarks. The remainder of the old Depart- local recreation acquisition, development, and inent will be called the Department of Conserva- operational programs, and to recommend stable [ion and Recreation. long-term funding sources to meet these needs. The subcommittee was composed of eight members, representing the House Committees on Conservation and Natural Resources, the Senate NMM 13 M C H A F rr EE11 111 Current Issues One of the attributes of sound planning is the to insure that concepts are placed in policy or identification of issues and the development of a action formats. plan and program to resolve them. The Virginia Issues are identified using Pi or P2 and a letter, Outdoors Plan is the Commonwealth's attempt to for example [PI-A]. These will be found after do both. This document defines issues and the each of the recommendations in this document. lilt action program complete with system recom- mendations which provide direction to meet The President's Commission in anuary of 1987 J them. This direction is provided to federal, state, identified the following issues which have rele- regional, and local governments, as well as the vance in the Commonwealth: Aean4 private sector. Three sources of information were Priority One Issues used to identify and develop the issues confront- Recreation resource funding ing the Commonwealth: The President's Com- Natural systems protection mission on American Outdoors, Virginia's 204 Facility development needs joint Recreation Subcommittee, and the input Special population needs gathered from governmental agencies and con- General environmental quality servation organizations throughout the state. The Historic and cultural resource protection President's Commission work is described in detail in Chapter 2. Priority Two Issues Institutions and partnerships The issues and recommendations found in this Better planning, information management, and chapter and throughout the Plan are important greater recognition of recreation values in and their resolutions should be considered within public policy the five year scope of this Plan. Rank priorities Conservation ethic are defined as follows: Recreation work force Priority One (Pi) - Requires immediate ac- These issues are addressed in the report, tion and relates to governmental policy, goals, Americans Outdoors, The Legacy, The Chal- and objectives. lenge, and also in later chapters of this document. Priority Two (P2) - Requires continued action 14 The President's Commission called for the *H. Technical assistance needs of localities. preservation. -overnors of' all states to form commissions or *I. Funding for operation and maintenance of' F. Economic values of recreation - real dollars advisory groups to examine their own outdoor recreation facilities. and support industries. recreation needs, opportunities, and problems. Officials frorn,32 states and at least 2,000 individ- *J. Standards for urban recreation areas. G. Facility identification and marketing. LMIS testified at hearings or participated in Priority Two Issues H. Public education - land ethic. meetings. Under the auspices of' the National Association of State Outdoor Recreation Liaison *A. PUblic/private partnerships. *Represents recommendations from the General Offices (NASORLO), all 50 states also Submitted *13. Efficiency of capital outlay process for state Assembly HIR 204 Subcommittee Report. summaries of priority needs and problems iden- park development. The issues identified above occur in all regions tilied in then- latest Statewide Recreation Plan of the state. Some are more important in one (SCORP). *C. Cooperative use of school facilities. region than in another. The recommendations In 1987, Virginia responded to the need to *D. State Park fees re-evaluated. related to these issues are found in the following assess recreation through the establishment by E. Conflicting uses - balancing use and state-wide issues and recommendations the General Assembly (House joint Resolution summary. 204) of a joint subcommittee to study the outdoor recreation needs of the Commonwealth. This committee and its work is described in detail in Chapter 2, page '13. The following are the state-wide issues which emerged from citizen input and subcommittee hearin-s: Priority One Issues *A. SLable source 01' fUndinq for local park HCCILlisition and development projects. *B. State park system capital improvements, and mana-ement and operation. *C. Park and Natural Area acquisition, protec- tion, and development, to include increased water access. 7_1 T7- *D. Railroad right-of-way conversion to trails. *E. SenjoradulL recreation opportunities. M *F. Proaram and facility accessibility to all seoments of the population, including per- sons with disabilities. *G. State park staff competitive salaries and enhanced technical assistance capabilities. '15 State-Wide Issues and - National Seashore policy considerations Conservation easements as buffers - page Recommendations page 101 123 - Lexington and Roanoke horse trail develop- - Natural Areas Priorities Map - page 129 Priority One Issues (Pl) ment - page 101 - Coordinate bicycle facility planning - page - National Forest provision of water occess - 141 Pi-A. Stable source of funding: page 105 - Develop river access areas - page 144 � Funding for enforcement of Uniform Federal - Mount Rogers National Recreation Area - Registration of all motorized vehicles - page Accessibility Standards - page 47 development - page 105 146 �Special funds for Virginia Byway mainte- - A.T. designation and protection on U.S. - Expand river information base - page 150 nance and enhancement - page 132 Forest Service lands - page 105 - Encourage Scenic River designation of quali- �Funding source for renting lands for public - ORV trail system - page 105,147 fying rivers - page 150 use - page 144 - Presquile National Wildlife Refuge ferry - Review development permits on Scenic Riv- Pi-B. State park system needs: service improvements - page 106 ers - page 150 �Land exchange at False Cape - page 106 - Increased accessibility to National Wildlife - Development of local planning tools for rivers �State park acquisition needs - page 113 Refuges for recreation - page 106 - page 150 �Master planning - page 113 - Land exchange at False Cape State Park - - Private development of boating facilities - � Operation and maintenance needs - page page 106 page 154 113 * Public recreational use of Assateaque Na- - DGIF development of high capacity boat �Facility development and renovation - page tional Seashore - page 106 access sites - page 154 114 - Dismal Swamp improvements - page -106 - DGIF priority for existing access facility �Conservation easements for buffers - page - Increased Department of Defense land avail- improvements - page -154 123 ability for recreation - page 108 - Pedestrian walkways beneath bridges - �Byway linkage to state parks - page 141 - Greater emphasis on Public Law 90-465 - page 154 �Bay or river state park acquisition - page page 108 - Water and waste water facilities at water 154 - TVA stream access - page 108 access points - page 154 �Maximize use of state park beaches - page * State park acquisition - page 113 - Wetland acquisition and conservation - 174 - DGIF increased water access - page 117 page 162 �Public beach acquisition - page 174 DGIF trail expansion - page 117 - Wetland protection policy - page 162 � Regional recommendations - Chapter 20 DGIF hunting land acquisition - page 117 * State nontidal wetland policy - page 162 DGIF Greenway recreation needs - page 117 - DGIF continued acquisition of access points Pi-C. Park and Natural Area protection, acquisi- DGIF protection of trout streams - page 117 - page 171 tion, and development needs: DGIF development of urban fishing program - USF&WS beach resource availability - page � Chesapeake Bay program goals - page 24 - page 117 174 �A.T. corridor - page 101 Department of Forestry development of trails - Department of Defense beach resourceavail- �Blue Ridge Parkway recreation areas - page - page 118 ability - page 174 101 Department of Forestry acquisition of inhold- - Norfolk/Virginia Beach improved beach �Shenandoah National Park - facility up- ings - page 118 access - page -174 orade - page 101 - DHL priority evaluations - page 120 - Recreation use of surplus property and �Manassas National Battlefield Park resour- - DHL evaluate properties for recreation use - under-utilized lands - page 176 ces protection - page 101 page 120 * Coordination of property sales with recrea- �National Park loop trail construction - page - Use of conservation easements - page 123 101 16 tion providers - page 176 - Access using public transportation - page -Scenic River designation of qualifying rivers �Local programs for open space preservation 178 - page 150 - page 178 - Increased accessibility at local parks - page *Water management considerations for recre- �School board participation in developing 178 ation use - page 150 park and recreation facilities - page 178 - Institutional provision of outtdoor facilities - Development of local planning tools - page �Development of special tax assessment ordi- - page 49 150 nances - page 178 * Regional recommendations - Chapter 20 -Water access development opportunities - � Regional recommendations - Chapter 20 P1 -G. State Park Staff Needs: page 154 PI-D. Railroad Right-of-Way Conversion to - Operations and maintenance - page 113 *Planning assistance to improve tidal water Trails: - Technical staff for capital outlay projects - access - page 154 � Manage abandoned rights-of-way - page page 114 - Comprehensive land use planning and zon- 105 - Facility development and renovation - page ing ordinances - page 162 � Regional recommendations - Chapter 20 114 - Development of tax incentive and educa- . Surveillance and regulation enforcement tional programs - page 162 Pi-E. Senior Adult Recreation Opportunities: staffing - page 162 * Use Of State technical assistance programs - �Senior adult involvement in planning pro- page 178 grams, services, and facilities - page 49 PI-H. Technical Assistance Needs of Localities/ - Development of special tax assessment ordi- �Institutional revision of outdoor facilities - Agencies: nanGes - page 178 page49 - Chesapeake Bay program goals - page 24 - Regional recommendations - Chapter 20 �Planning considerations for senior's facilities - Accessibility assistance - page 47 P14. Funding for Operation and Maintenance of - page 49 - Senior adult program assistance - page 49 Recreation Facilities: �Design considerations for senior's facilities - - Urban standards workshop - page 63 -State park M&O needs - page 113 page49 - Virginia Byway designation - U.S. Forest * State park master planning needs - page �Increased accessibility at local parks - page Service roads - page 105 113 178 - U.S. Forest Service data for local planning - Special funds for Virginia Byway mainte- �Regional recommendations - Chapter 20 and interpretation - page 105 nance - page 132 Pi-F. Program and Facility Accessibility: - Department of Defense inventory data - -Special funds to reduce roadway hazards for � UFAS standards application - page 46 page 108 bicyclists - page 141 � Upgrading old facilities - page 47 . Department of Defense facility maps and - Local commitment to maintenance and man- �Accessibility to outdoor recreation facilities property descriptions - page 108 agement budgets - page 178 - page 47 . Maintenance and management assistance by �Programmatic policy statement - page 48 DHI. - page 120 Pi-J. Standards for Urban Recreation Areas: � TVA stream access - page 108 - Potential Virginia Byway evaluations - page Urban standards workshop - page 63 �DGIF increased water access - page 117 132 Priority Two Issues (P2) �Tidewater localities boating access - page . Virginia Byway systern-wide designation - 154 page 132 P2-A. Public/Private Partnerships: � Pedestrian walkways under bridges - page * Bicycle/motorist education improvements - - Chesapeake Bay program goals - page 24 154 page 141 - DGIF/ATC cooperative agreements - page �Norfolk/Virginia Beach improved beach - River level reporting system improvements 117 access - page 174 - page 144 -DGIF cooperative agreements for informa- . ORV information - page 147 tion sharing - page 117 - Local planning for hostels - page 147 17 � DGIF joint management of facilities - page P2-E. Conflicting Uses - Balancing Use and -Loop trail brochures in National Parks - 117 Preservation: page 101 � 'Frail and map development by Department - Chesapeake Bay program goals - page 24 - National Forests opportunities publicized - of Forestry - page 118 -Shenandoah National Park adjacent devel- page 105 � Data base development by Department of opment - page 101 - Department of Defense inventory informa- Forestry - page 118 -Policy considerations for National Seashores tion - page 108 � Department of Forestry/ATC cooperative - page 101 - Department of Defense facility maps and agreements - page 118 -Best Management Practices - Department property descriptions - page 108 � Property evaluation for recreation use by of Forestry - page 118 -Department of Forestry trail map develop- DHL - page 120 -Identification of compatible recreation uses ment - page 118 � Conservation easements - page 123 - DHL - page 120 - Virginia Byway promotion - page 132 � Conservation easements as buffers - page -Marine resource regulation coordination - -Bicycle events sponsorship - page 141 -123 page 154 -Major hike route identification - county � Puhlic use of river front property - page 144 - Comprehensive land use planning and zon- highway map - page 141 � Comprehensive land use planning and zon- ing ordinances - page 162 -River recreational use brochures - page 144 ing ordinances - page 162 -Development of river management plans - - ORV areas information brochure - page 147 � Public/private programs for river access - page 171 -Hostel locations identified on public lands - paoe 171 -Development of local/regional open space page 147 0 � Coordinated use of under-utilized lands - plans - page 178 -Boating access opportunities on federal page 176 -Development of local tax assessment ordi- properties identified by NPS and the state - � Evaluation of existing systems to meet re- nances - page 178 page 154 gional demand - page 178 -Regional recommendations - Chapter 20 -Governmental survey of holdings to identify � Regional park authorities - page 178 P2-F. Economic Values of Recreation: potential river access - page 171 � Development of cooperative agreements - *Virginia Visitor Survey - page 52 -Local park resources awareness program - page 178 . Economic Impact Assessment - page 52 page 178 � Private/pUblic partnerships - page 180 -Virginians visit Virginia promotion - page P2-H. Public Education - Land Ethic: � Regional recommendations - Chapter 20 52 - DGIF support OPERATION RESPECT - 112-B. Efficiency of Capital Outlay Process for -Virginia Byway brochure development - page 117 State Park Development: page 52 -Department of Forestry promote OPERA- Technical staff for capital outlay projects - -Virginia Byway designation - U.S. Forest TION RESPECT - page 118 page 113 Service roads - page 105 -Virginia Association of Marine Industries 112-C. Cooperative Use ol'School Facilities: -DGIF resource impact assessment - page assist marina operators - page 154 � Implementation of school park concept - 117 These issues and the related recommendations page 178 Virginia Byway promotion - page 132 are addressed in more detail in specific chapters � Development of school board/recreation Private development of boating facilities - and the action plans of each recreation region. department agreements - page 178 page 154 P2-D. State Park Fees: P2-G. Facility Identification and Marketing: Fees re-examined - page 114 - Chesapeake Bay goals - page 24 - Virginia Byway brochure development - page 52 18 _4 UD IV. CliAPTJL:IIN- Participation and Coordination The Department of Conservation and Recrea- The Planning Participation tion's Division of Planning and Recreation Re- Process sources is responsible for the preparation of the State Comprehensive Outdoors Recreation Plan, The Division staff sought the advice and the coordination of matters which relate to open assistance of agencies interested in outdoor ation, and the implementation of The J-1 space recre, recreation in Virginia. All agencies affected Virginia Outdoors Plan through a grants-in-aid directly by proposals made in The Virginia program. Its location within the Department of Outdoors Plan were contacted with a specific Conservation and Recreation tinder the Secretary request for comments related to their area of of Natural Resources allows easy access to and interest. Altogether 95 counties, 41 cities, 105 coordination with other agencies most likely to park and recreation departments, 22 planning be involved with open space recreational resour- district commissions, 15 state agencies, and 25 ces in Virginia. In addition, a special Advisory federal offices in 13 federal agencies were con- Board on Outdoor Recreation, consisting of tacted with requests for input into the 1989 Plan. citizens appointed by the Governor, advises the Once data was gathered, a preliminary draft was Department Director on matters pertaining to prepared and distributed to the local, regional, outdoor recreation in the state. This Board helps state, and federal agencies previously contacted ensure citizen involvement in the Department's for their comments. Of special importance were programs and activities. the combined comments of the planning districts rhe Department is well situated to promote and their localities. coordination in the recreation planning and plan implementation processes. Its statutory author- Numerous private groups, conservation organ ity makes it the one state agency with the respon- izations, and special interest groups provided i sibility for overall outdoor recreation planning input into the various sections of the Plan in and coordination in Virginia. which they had a specific interest. Included in '19 this group are the Virginia Trails Association, the Engineers all play a significant role in the imple- The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers adminis- Virginia Recreation and Park Society, The Na- mentation of The Virginia Outdoors Plan. The ters several water impoundments in the Com- ture Conservancy, and the Appalachian Trail Forest Service, operating in two National Forests, monwealth and provides recreational facilities in Conference. This input was most helpful in provides almost 47% of the total public outdoor conjunction with them. The Division comments bringing out many of the concerns of the private recreation acreage in the Commonwealth. The on the plans and programs for managing and sector with respect to recreation planning in Corps of Engineers' impoundments provide a developing these facilities. The Corps also ad- Virginia. major contribution toward meeting the needs for ministers a permit program under the Rivers and The 1987 Outdoor Recreation Inventory, a water enhanced recreational facilities in the Harbors Act of 1899. The Division reviews these nontidal areas. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Ser- permit applications for their impact on state, critical part of The Virginia Outdoors Plan, was vice's National Wildlife Refuges provide impor- natural, and recreational resources. completed with the assistance of most local units tant wildlife habitat and protect valuable fragile of government. A copy of the last inventory was ecosystems in the tidal regions of the state. Direct The Division of Planning and Recreation Re- mailed to each locality with a letter requesting lines of communication at the staff level have sources works with the National Park Service that the.clata be checked for accuracy and com- been established between the Department of and the General Services Administration in pleteness. New sites were added, acreage and implementing Public Law 91-485, the surplus facilities adjusted and area names corrected to C .onservation and Recreation's Division of Plan- property transfer program for parks. When a ning and Recreation Resources and these federal provide the best set of data available to date. The land managing agencies, and each was invited to federal agency has property that is surplus to its inventory data was then compared to the up- provide input into the draft of The 1989 Virginia needs, state and local land managing agencies dated demand data to produce the "Demand , and recreation providers are offered an opportu- Supply and Needs Analysis, 1990, 2000, 20-10 11 Outdoors Plan. In turn, the Division is afforded nity to acquire the property for development as a which is available to each regional plannin' opportunities for timely comment on and input recreation facility or park. Many parks in the district for their use. 9 into the development of federal area master plans eastern part of Virginia have been acquired from and unit plans. surplus military bases. During the last several years the U.S. Forest The National Park Service is charged with the Cbor&nadon and the Service has been developing updated Land and responsibility of providing data related to recrea- Continuing Planning Process Resource Management Plans for all National tion in connection with most federal studies. The Forests. The Division of Planning and Recreation staff of the Division of Planning and Recreation The Department of Conservation and Recrea- Resources has played an active role in developing Resources works closely with the National Park tion's Division of Planning and Recreation Re- these plans and in ensuring that recreational uses Service's regional office in developing studies, sources works with federal, state, and local of the national forests in Virginia receive full providing demand/supply/needs data, and serv- agencies on a regular basis in its role as coordina- attention in the planning process. The Division ing on special committees and task forces as tor for all matters relating to comprehensive continues to work with the Forest Service staff in needed. One such project involved river inven- outdoor recreation planning in the Common- monitoring progress on plan implementation. tory programs conducted by the Park Service. wealth. One important aspect of this coordina- The Division of Planning and Recreation Re- Division personnel assisted the study team in the tion is the numerous special studies and standing sources works closely with the U.S. Fish and evaluation of rivers in Virginia. The Division also committees to which the Division provides Wildlife Service in the development of plans and participates in the National Recreation Trail valuable input. programs for the operation and development of studies. Federal Agencies wildlife refuges in the Commonwealth. Also, the The Federal Highway Administration (FHWAJ At the federal level, the Fish and Wildlife U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has been charged administers several programs which benefit Service, Soil Conservation Service, Forest Ser- by Congress to develop a National Wetlands recreation in the Commonwealth. The Federal vice, National Park Service, Federal Highway Priority Protection Plan. The Division has partic- Highway Administration is responsible for the Administration, and the U.S. Army Corps of ipated throughout this process. 20 preparation of environmental impact documents related to construction on roads in the state's Federal Aid Highway System. State Agencies The Council on the Environment was created in 1970 by the General Assembly and became operational in 1972 for the purpose of implement- ing the environmental policy of the Common- -lim ......... "Jim wealth, including the initiation, improvement, and coordination of environmental plans, pro- grams, and functions of the state. The Council's duties include the review, evaluation, and com- ment upon environmental impact statements. The Department of Conservation and Recreation is one of the state agencies providing regular input into the impact statement review process of the Council. The Department also provides comments and input into reports relating to Virginia's environment, which are coordinated by L the Council on the Environment. OV The Department of Game and Inland Fisheries has played a major role in the implementation of The Virginia Outdoors Plan. The Department hasresponsibility for the operation and manage- ment of the Commonwealth's wildlife anu 1111cillu fisheries resources, and boating access and also works cooperatively with the Department of Game Department to provide assistance in mak- boating safety programs. The Department of Transportation and the Department of Conserva- ing any properties acquired or managed under Conservation and Recreation participates with tion and Recreation in developing boat launching this program accessible for recreational use the Game Department in funding the acquisition areas in conjunction with bridge replacement or where practical. and development of boat landings, public fishing development projects. The Tennessee Valley lakes and wildlife management areas. In addition Authority cooperates with the Virginia Depart- The Marine Resources Commission has the to the normal project functions associated with ment of Transportation and the Game Depart- responsibility for managing marine fisheries and these acquisitions, the Department's Division of ment to obtain additional access points on the state owned subaqueous land, and administering Planning and Recreation Resources reviews Holston, Powell, and Clinch Rivers in southwest the Tidal Wetlands Protection Act, which was potential Game Department facilities to be sure Virginia. enacted to prevent the destruction or despoliation they are compatible with The Virginia Outdoors of tidal wetlands. The Department of Conserva- Plan, and provides planning assistance to the In projects undertaken with the Virginia Non- tion and Recreation through its Division of Game Department in the location of boat access game Wildlife Fund, the Department of Conser- Planning and Recreation Resources reviews and facilities. vation and Recreation's Division of Planning and comments on planned dredging or other activi- The Department of Game and Inland Fisheries Recreation Resources will be working with the ties which have the potential for impacting 21 AL Nk i= x- me recreational resources of the state. This is accom- parks, scenic rivers, scenic roads, trails and other tion and Recreation. To date, over 500 miles of plished through the wetlands alteration permit sensitive areas. This process also aids in identify- road in 24 localities have been designated as system established by the Marine Resources ing potential access to streams and rivers of the byways. Commission. Commonwealth. The Recreational Area Access Road Fund, The Department of Transportation works The Department of Conservation and Recrea- administered by the Department of Transporta- closely with the Division of planning and Recre- tion and the Department of Transportation share tion, provides monies for the development of ation Resources on a number of projects annLI- responsibilities in the implementation of the access roads and trails to public recreation areas. ally. The Division reviews the Department of Scenic Highways and Virginia Byways Act and A recreation area must be officially recognized by Transportat ion's proposals for road improve- the Recreational Area Access Road Act. Both the Department of Conservation and Recreation ments during the environmental assessment programs are important elements of The Virginia before an access road is approved. A joint policy period prior to the public hearings. This routine Outdoors Plan. Under the Scenic Highways Act, sta.tement between the Department of Transpor- review procedure is most helpful in assuring the the Transportation Board is authorized to desig- tation and the Department of Conservation and coordination of highway planning with The nate a Scenic Highway or Virginia Byway in Recreation has been formulated to implement Virginia Outdoors Plan regarding potential cooperation with the Department of Conserva- this program and 101 projects have been initiated. 22 The Virginia Water Control Board has the and historic sites. The Department of Conserva- projects conducted by major universities in the responsibility for regulating the use of ground- tion and Recreation works closely with the Commonwealth. The Division's Staff conducts water and improving overall water quality Department of Historic Resources to ensure seminars and group discussions related to the within the state. The Board administers the 401 appropriate use of historic or archaeological environment, recreation planning, and the devel- Water Quality Certification Program, which resources that are identified on public recreation opment of The Virginia Outdoors Plan. Its files ensures that no proposed project will adversely lands, as well as those associated with Scenic are open to students doing research on almost affect water quality. The Division of Planning Rivers and Virginia Byways. any aspect of outdoor recreation. The Division is and Recreation Resources should review and working with researchers at Virginia Tech to comment on any permit application which deals The Division of Planning and Recreation Re- produce a local parks and recreation assessirient with any river in the Scenic River System and sources works in conjunction with the Division program that can be used to tailor programs and any river identified in The Virginia Outdoors of' Industrial Development of the Department of development to local needs. The Division of Plan as potential scenic rivers. Economic Development in evaluating localities Planning and Recreation Resources has worked for certification under the Industrial Develop- with the Landscape Architecture Department of The Department of Housing and Community ment Community Certification Program. The the University of Virginia and Virginia Tech to Development coordinates federal and state plan- Division reviews the leisure services and quality develop Scenic River Management Plans and ning efforts with localities, provides substantial of life components of each application and makes Comprehensive Open Space Plans for localities. matching monies for operation of planning dis- recommendations on the adequacy of the locali- trict commissions and administers the Planning ty's program. The Division of Planning and Recreation Re- Assistance Program (701) under the Federal The Department of Conservation and Recrea- sources also works closely with the Division of Department of Housing and Urban Development. tion's Heritage Program maintains an extensive State Parks in the development of park master Much of Virginia's local and regional planning is data base of plant, animal, and habitat types by plans and in identifying potential sites for acqui- done through this program. The Division of location throughout the Commonwealth. Divi- sition. In addition, information collected as the Planning and Recreation Resources provides sion staff consult with Heritage staff in com- result of special studies or ongoing reports is advisory assistance and reviews drafts of com- menting on permit applications, plans, and used by park staff in determining types of facili- prehensive plans and recreation and open space programs, and on land management and plan- ties to be provided at state parks and in making plans. ning issues. other management decisions. Coordination mechanisms through the Depart- The Virginia Outdoors Foundation was The Department of Conservation and Recrea- ment of Planning and Budget include the circuldr created in 1966 to preserve open space land and tion's Division of Planning and Recreation Re- A-95 review process which requires the review encourage more desirable and economic develop- sources, working with other state agencies which of numerous types of permit applications for ment of natural resources through the use of manage land resources, has identified under- public improvement projects, including all pro- easements, gifts, acquisition, and other means utilized state lands which may be suitable for jects utilizing federal funds. The Department of deemed necessary. The Division of Planning and recreational use. The Division is now in the Historic Resources is the state agency responsi- Recreation Resources serves to advise the Foun- process of identifying those properties with the ble for all matters relating to the identification dation staff in matters pertaining to outdoor most recreational potential. Attempts will be and recording of significant archaeological and recreation, scenic rivers, and natural areas. The made through the use of cooperative agreements historic resources of the state and is the state's identification of important scenic, natural, and and memorandums of understanding to gain coordinating agency for the National Historic recreational areas in The Virginia Outdoors Plan additional public use of the targeted areas. Preservation Act, which established the National is one criteria utilized by the Foundation in In '1985, a study of Virginia's boating access to Register of Historic Places. The Department also determining the acceptance of an easement. tidal waters was completed. With the publication coordinates with federal, state, and local agencies The staff of the Division of Planning and of the "Tidewater Virginia Recreational Boating to minimize adverse impacts upon archaeological Recreation Resources participates in a variety of Access Inventory" and the "Virginia Marina Inventory," a complete picture of Tidewater 23 boating activity and launch capacity was Direct communication exists with many agen- Reduce and control point and nonpoint developed. cies and interests. In addition to the local, state sources of pollution to attain the water qual- and federal agencies already mentioned, there are ity condition necessary to support the living The Chesapeake Bay Local Assistance Depart- important contacts with such nongovernmental resources of the Bay. (Pl-C, P2-E] ment was formed during the 1988 session of the organizations as The Nature Conservancy, Izaak General Assembly. This Department is charged Walton League, Sierra Club, Float Fisherman of - Plan for and manage the adverse environ- with the responsibility to assist localities in the Virginia, Coastal Canoeists, the Appalachian mental effects of human population growth development and implementation of land use Trail Conference, Virginia Campground Owners and land development in the Chesapeake Bay plans and effective zoning regulations that wi Association, and the Virginia Forestry Associa- watershed. [P2-EJ protect the Bay and its tributaries from the tion. In addition, the Division coordinates com- - Promote greater understanding among citi- impacts of development. ments and seeks input from 16 citizens advisory zens about the Chesapeake Bay System, the Local and Regional Units of Government boards dealing with a range of issues. These problems facing it, and policies and pro- The Division of Planning and Recreation Re- contacts have proven to be valuable in the imple- grams designed to help it, and to foster mentation of The Virginia Outdoors Plan. individual responsibility and stewardship of sources coordination with local governments and the Bay's resources. [P2-AJ planning district commissions is achieved in a The Division also works with private land number of ways. The planning district commis- management corporations to identify lands -Provide increased opportunities for citizens sions use The Virginia Outdoors Plan as a base which might be used for public recreation. A to participate in decisions and programs upon which to develop regional recreation and cooperative agreement with the WESTVACO affecting the Bay. [P2-A] open space plans. Localities use the general Corporation opened the Smith Islands on the -Promote increased opportunities for public guidance, demand/supply/needs data and recre- James River in Nelson County to the public for appreciation and enjoyment of the Bay and ation planning standards provided in the Plan in recreational use. The Division continues to its tributaries. [P2-G] the preparation of local recreation and open space pursue similar opportunities throughout the plans. The Division also provides advisory Commonwealth. - Support and enhance the present compre- assistance to local governments. In many cases, hensive, cooperative, and coordinated ap- drafts of local and regional plans are reviewed by Virginia's Chesapeake Bay Program proach towards management of the Chesa- the Division's planning staff. Division staff' In 1987, the Governors of Virginia, Maryland, peake Bay System. [P2-AJ works with localities to perform facilities apprai- and Pennsylvania, the mayor of the District of The Department of Conservation and Recrea- sals and to identify state and local park sites. Columbia, the Environmental Protection Agency, tion is an active participant in this program. The and the Chesapeake Bay Commission signed the Department has participated in the development Chesapeake Bay Agreement. The agreement of a Chesapeake Bay Access Guide which will Other Cbordination recognizes the Bay as a national treasure whose provide recreational users of the Bay with infor- ecological, economic, and cultural importance is mation on access areas and facilities. The pur- The Department of Conservation and Recrea- felt far beyond its shores. The decline of the pose of the guide is to promote increased oppor- tion's Division of Planning and Recreation Re- quality and productivity of the Bay is to be tunities for public appreciation and enjoyment of sources participates in numerous other planning reversed through a coordinated program set forth the Bay and its tributaries. studies relating to major reservoir developments, in the agreement and summarized in the follow- The Department of Conservation and Recrea- transportation and utility corridors, small hydro- ing major goals: tion is also involved in reducing nonpoint source projects, and critical environmental areas. The Provide for the restoration and protection of pollution in the Bay, expanding educational Division's primary involvement in these studies the living resources, their habitats, and programs about the Bay, and increasing interpre- is through staff level contacts and the objective is ecological relationships. [P I -C] tive programs and facilities, to help foster ste- to secure a full exchange of information early in wardship towards the Chesapeake Bay. the planning of a project. 24 10N- CHA1YrER V: _;-W Roles and Responsibilities -k Appropriate action by all levels of government concerned with the preservation, wise use, and and the private sector is necessary for Virginia to quality development of those natural and recrea provide her citizenry with adequate recreational tional resources, as well as historic resources of opportunities while protecting the quality of the national significance. environment. The Virginia Outdoors Plan is an effective tool for promoting the orderly develop- In 1985, President Reagan created an advisory commission to review outdoor recreation. The ment of recreation resources. The guidance given in the Plan will also help the public and private report, completed in January 1987, reviewed sectors assume complimentary roles. Coope- public and private outdoor recreation opportuni- ration and coordination must be continuing ties and made recommendations to ensure the future availability of outdoor recreation for the *4M. objectives. American people. The recommendations of this The recommendations included here are based report form the basis for new studies and initia- on an evaluation of current programs, policies, tives at the federal level, as well as other govern- r sponsibilities, and laws of the federal, state, mental levels, and the private sector. e and local governments, and are intended to cover Federal agencies presently control approxi- the broader aspects of roles and responsibilitie .s mately 60% of all public recreational lands in in the provision of outdoor recreation opportuni- Virginia; thus, their roles and responsibilities ties. More detailed recommendat ions are dis- cussed in the "Recreation Systems" and the relating to outdoor recreation and the environ- nnot be over emphasized. It is imperative ment ca "Regional Analysis and Recommendations" that federal agencies maintain close liaison with chapters of this plan. the Department of Conservation and Recreation to assure that acquisition of land and develop- Federal ment of recreational facilities are coordinated with The Virginia Outdoors Plan. Many of the recreation needs of Virginians and out-of-state The 1980s have seen the emergence of a new visitors, which are expressed in the Plan, can be federal policy, the primary thrust of which is to met through increased and improved utilization reduce federal government fiscal and regulatory of federal lands. i olvement. at the state and local level. However, the federal government should continue to be The federal government provides numerous 25 types of outdoor recreation resources in Virginia: nate federal, state, regional, and local as well as parks, forests, reservoirs, parkways, wildlife private sector activities aimed at improving 4 refuges, historic areas, recreation areas, wilder- recreational opportunities. This planning and ness areas, and special interest areas. coordinating function helps ensure proper and In its outdoor recreation related roles, the efficient use of limited fiscal resources available federal government should continue to: to public recreation providers. �Provide protection for resources of national A second major area of state responsibility lies significance. in acquiring, protecting, and/or developing a system of outdoor recreation resources and �Provide, through the Land and Water Conser- facilities that, when taken as a whole, are of vation Fund, matching monies for state and statewide significance. This system shou d local acquisition and development programs. include: �Preserve outstanding natural areas on fed- -State Parks eral lands. *State Forests �Increase outdoor recreation opportunities on -Natural Areas federal lands and waters. - Wildlife Management Areas and Public �Except where previously coordinated, use Fishing Lakes -Reservoirs The Virginia Outdoors Plan as a guide for all * Historic Landmarks federal activities which would affect recrea- - Trails tion resources in Virginia. -Scenic Rivers � Provide technical assistance to land and -Public Beach and Water Access Areas water planning and management agencies as - Virginia Byways it relates to protection, management, and -Hostels utilization of the state's natural resource base. -Easements � Wetlands �Greenways State The state's third major area of responsibility is providing assistance to localities. In addition to The Department of Conservation and Recrea- providing information on planning, demand, tion has a number of significant responsibilities supply, and needs, the state should continue to with respect to the provision of outdoor recrea- fund a grants-in-aid program which provides tion opportunities. The first of these responsibil- localities with acquisition and development nonies for recreation projects on a matching ities is planning and coordination through the development and implementation of a statewide basis. The Department of Conservation and f comprehensive outdoor recreation plan' One Recreation should also continue to provide tech- component of this plan is a regularly updated nical assistance for the development and admin- inventory of outdoor recreation areas and facili- istration of local park and recreation systems. ties. This enables the state to compute accurate demand, supply, and needs data. The availability While carrying out its responsibility to perpet- of this data allows the state to effectively coordi- uate and enhance outdoor recreation resources 26 and values, the state should assist local govern- ments in the development of the park and open -@A space elements of their land use plans. The '4, wk Department should continue to develop stan- dards and review the open space element of the Department of EconomiG Development's Commu- nity Certification Program. The Commonwealth also has an obligation to assist nongovernmental providers of recreation. The state should continue to provide the private f sector with demand, supply, and needs data, including information on where people go to participate in various activities, participation rates and trends, and projections. The state's policy of avoiding facility development which would unfairly compete with private enterprise should be maintained and the development of human service facilities should be considered by private enterprise on government owned lands. Local One of the most important functions of local government is to provide its citizenry with adequate close-to-home park, recreation, and open space resources. This function is best facilitated through the development of a compre- hensive community recreation and open space plan. The Department of Conservation and Rec- reation should provide planning, guidance, and support for this local plan. This plan should reflect the specific needs of the locality and should take advantage of the infor- mation and recommendations contained in The Virginia Outdoors Plan. Local units of government have a duty to provide playgrounds, playfields, neighborhood parks, recreation centers, city parks, trails, and other close-to-home recreation areas and facili- ties in order to meet the daily leisure needs of 27 their populations. For unincorporated urban the recreation needs in Virginia. From statewide The first of these is the recreation enterprise that areas on the outskirts of major cities, this respon- conservation organizations to large industrial provides facilities, such as campgrounds, golf sibility rests with the county government. In corporations and from civic clubs to resort courses, swim and racquet clubs, and theme addition to providing opportunities for recreation owners, the citizens of the Commonwealth have a parks. The second type of corporate provider is activities, local governments may have the oppor- responsibility to work toward the improvement the enterprise which, as a result of their primary tunity to protect natural, cultural, and historic of recreational opportunity. economic endeavor, owns large tracts of land, resources of local significance. Interested citizens which to one degree or another may be made and organizations should take the initiative in There are numerous public and private organ- available for game management, hunting, fishing, promoting responsible recreation action by local izations throughout the state which have a major trail development, water access, primitive camp- officials. interest and involvement in the preservation, ing, or other unstructured activities. By working protection, and use of our natural resources. The with various elements of local and state govern- Not only do localities have the responsibility to list of representative groups includes: The Nature ment, private enterprise can provide needed provide neighborhood and close-to-home recrea- Conservancy, Sierra Club, Izaak Walton League, recreation areas and facilities, alert public agen- tional facilities such as those mentioned above, Boy Scouts, Girl Scouts, 4-H Clubs, Rails-to- cies to opportunities for public/private coopera- but they should also provide larger outlying park Trails Conservancy, and other trail organizations, tion, and help prevent needless public competi- and open-space areas to serve local and regional Virginia Recreation and Park Society, sports- tion with private recreation developments. needs. Local governmental units should consider men's and civic clubs. These organizations in- Private enterprise has an obligation to work with joining together under provisions of the Park volve people in a variety of social, civic, and the government and to create responsible, reason- Authorities Act of 1950 in order to provide these recreational activities which will enable them to able, and comprehensive measures to safeguard areas on a regional cost-sharing basis. make informed decisions on resource issues. our natural resource base. Local governments, through the administration Many citizen groups and conservation organi- Individual citizens of the Commonwealth also of zoning regulations, should protect wetlands, zations are instrumental in initiating and sup- have a major responsibility in the satisfaction of floodplains, and environmentally sensitive areas porting legislation necessary to enhance and/or recreation need. This responsibility can be met as open space. Flood plains in particular provide protect Virginia's outdoor recreation resources. through involvement in the planning process at opportunities for water access, greenways, and Their activities at the local level often provide the the state and local level. By familiarizing them- low cost recreational facilities such as playing foundation necessary for major state actions. In selves with state and local recreation programs, fields and open park land. The setting aside of addition to promoting needed legislative mea- citizens can guide and support governmental these floodplains will also serve to protect private sures, citizen groups often help provide both the efforts to acquire and develop facilities and to property from flood damage, protect water qual- impetus and financing for the acquisition, devel- protect and conserve valuable natural resources. ity, and provide wildlife habitat. opment, and management of outdoor recreation The Code of Virginia has been amended to allow Finally, local governments should encourage resources. citizens a tax check off to help protect the state ,s the donation of private lands or capital for park Private enterprise today plays an increasingly recreation resources. Thus every individual has acquisition and development projects and should important role in meeting recreational needs in the opportunity to make their own financial encourage development by private recreation Virginia. Because of its role as a major provider of commitment to establishing and developing state enterprise in conjunction with public acquisition recreational opportunity, Virginia's corporate recreation facilities. and development. citizenry has a responsibility to be familiar with It is only through the efforts of a concerned, the needs identified and recommendations made well informed, involved citizenry that the Com- The Private Sector in The Virginia Outdoors Plan. monwealth can hope to realize the full potential of There are two basic types of corporations its human and natural resources in the satisfac- The private sector plays a vital role in meeting which create outdoor recreational opportunity. tion of recreational needs. 28 ,00e CHA1YrER VL A Summary of Major Findings and Recommendations The following is a general summarization of tion that participates in each are: pool swim- 64 the major findings and recommendations con- ming - 46.46%, swimming outdoors - -1 Z tained in The 1989 Virginia Outdoors Plan. This 44.34%, picnicking - 42.78%, beach use, Summary is intended to provide the reader with sunning - 36.56%, bicycling for pleasure - a oeneral overview of the state's recreational 33.52%, jogging - 30.77%, fishing - 27.64%, needs and the efforts needed to meet those needs. softball/baseball - 24.26%, basketball - The table on page 96 provides a listing of state- 21.95%, and camping - 21.800%. wide facility needs for the 26 measured recrea- Participation in most outdoor recreation tion activities for the years '1990, 2000, and 2010. ac Aivities is increasing at a faster rate than the population as a whole. ajor Findings - The greatest demands are for close-to-home recreation areas and facilities. Recreation Demand Recreation Supply *The average Virginian engages in about 86 - The 1990 Outdoor Recreation Areas and activity days of outdoor recreation. Facility Inventory identifies over 6,391 sites, -Approximately 600/o of all outdoor recreation including 2,843,205 acres of land and demand in Virginia is for activities within 30 1,410,932 acres of water. minutes of home. Of the total land acres inventoried, some 78% One of out every three activity days involves are owned and managed by the federal gov- a water based activity. ernment, 11% by state agencies, and 4% by local and regional governments. The ten most popular Outdoor recreation activities and the percentage of the popula- 29 � Although Virginia is rich in water resources Beaches in the acquisition and development of recrea- and the demand for water based recreation is Although Virginia has high quality publicly tion areas and facilities through the adminis- great, public access to our beaches, lakes, and owned beaches, many of them are either tration of the Virginia Outdoors Fund. rivers is inadequate and constitutes a signif- inaccessible, unavailable, or lack adequate - The state should continue its technical assis- icant limiting factor to the use and enjoyment support facilities for public use, thus creating tance and informational services to localities. of the resources. a significant shortage of usable beach. Fed- �While the supply of many outdoor recreation eral, state, and local agencies should work Greenways areas and facilities is sufficient on a state- cooperatively toward increasing the accessi- .Localities, agencies, and the private sector wide basis, there are many instances where bility of suitable beaches in the public estate. significant shortages exist at the local, state, Reasonable access to False Cape State Park, should work together to establish linear or regional level. as well as cooperative agreements with the corridors (greenways) which provide access various military installations and U.S. Fish & to open space and recreational areas and Recreation Needs Wildlife Service areas in Tidewater would be link urban and rural areas to the natural and �The greatest need expressed by respondents particularly helpful in this regard. recreational resource base of the to the 1990 Outdoor Recreation Demand Water Resources Commonwealth. Survev was for close-to-home recreation Each locality should carefully evaluate wa- Rivers, utility corridors, scenic roads, aban- opportunities. terfront parcels to determine their potential doned railroad rights-of-way, and other �Although additional recreation areas are for public access. They should also encour- resources should be examined and utilized needed in some instances, one of the most age private enterprise to develop quality effectively in the development of a greenway pressing needs is for facility development marina and dry storage facilities. system. and improved access to existing resources. . Any lands acquired by state or federal agen- Liability protection must be provided to those �Virginians cited a lack of information on cies which abut water resources should private landowners who make a corridor available opportunities as one of the major include areas for public access. through their property available to the public deterrents to participation in outdoor recrea- in support of a greenway system. tion activities. - The Department of Game and Inland Fisher- ies should accelerate its program of providing oIncentives need to be developed to encourage � Maintenance and refurbishing of older facil- boat access sites with special emphasis on landowners to participate. ities is critical to many urban delivery high capacity facilities in tidewater areas and -Adequate protection and management must systems. at major reservoirs across the state. be provided to existing and future compo- oExpanded coordination between all units of nents of the system. ajor mmencladons- government is necessary to ensure that the Natural Areas best possible use is made of opportunity for State Parks increased public access. -Data developed by the state's new Natural �The top priorities of the state park system ,Worthy components should be added to the Heritage Program should be considered in all over the next five years are the funding for Virginia Scenic Rivers System. major planning and development projects in maintenance and operation, new facility Assistance to Localities Virginia, development, and renovation of facilities at -Special emphasis should be placed on pro- existing parks; acquisition of new state park - The state should continue to assist localities viding adequate protection of especially sites; and development of master plans for important sensitive areas. each park unit. 30 Virginia Byways In addition to bringing new road segments into the system, promotional brochures encouraging self-guided tours along existing Byways should be developed to help promote tourism and enhance the enjoyment of Virgin- ia's natural and cultural heritage. Fish and Wildlife Resources The Department of Game and Inland Fisher- ies should seriously consider expanding the access to and use of State Wildlife Manage- ment Areas. � The Department should continue to empha- size the provision of recreation access to the state's water resources. �Additional hunting lands should be acquired, patible recreation facilities, such as picnic ing them from inappropriate development. with emphasis on areas east of the Blue tables and trails. Federal Agencies Ridge. Conservation Easements Federal agencies should work closely with Wetlands -State agencies should make greater use of the Commonwealth in the provision of re- �Virginia should establish a nontidal wetlands conservation easements in their resource creational opportunities and in the protection policy with the necessary mechanisms to protection programs. of recreation and natural resources identified provide protection and wise stewardship of Local and Regional Parks in the Plan. Particular emphasis should be these areas. -Recreation providers should make an effort placed on the provision of water and beach �Incentives, educational programs, easements, to increase public awareness of the facilities access and on the expansion of opportunities etc., should be developed/utilized in the and prograrns they offer. for water oriented recreation. protection of unique or vulnerable wetland -Localities should work toward a fuller utiliza- It should be noted that this summary addresses areas. tion of all available resources in the imple- only the statewide recreation picture. More State Forests inentation of their programs. detailed information and site-specific recommen- -Emphasis needs to be placed on the develop- dations are found in the "Recreation Systems" � The Department of Forestry should expand ment of adequate facilities at those areas chapter, which identifies and makes recommen- trail development and publish trail maps for already in public ownership. dations for each of the 21 systems that collec- each state forest. -Localities should strive to achieve a balance tively provide most of the public recreation Historic Resources of' both indoor and outdoor programs and opportunities in Virginia, and in the "Regional facilities. Analysis and Recommendations" chapter, which � Historic properties administered by public or discusses recreation demand, supply, and nee ds quasi-public agencies should be evaluated to Emphasis should be placed on utilizing flood in each of the states eleven Recreation Planning determine the feasibility of providing coin- plains for recreational purposes and protect- Regions. 31 @ P- "ITT CHAPTER VIL Implementing the Virpma Outdoors Plan Cooperation and coordination between public Federal Programs agencies and the private sector is paramount to the successful implementation of The Virginia Historically, a part of The Virginia Outdoors Outdoors Plan. Adequate levels of capital outlay Plan has been achieved through the programs of and opera tions/mainten a nee funds are also various federal agencies. In addition to the direct necessary to provide an adequate recreation provision of public parks and recreation resour- delivery system for the citizens of the ces, federal agencies have provided financial Commonwealth. assistance and advisory services. Monetary Although sufficient public funds are essential credit assistance for recreation purposes has to the success of the Plans implementation, total been available to both public and private borrow- needs within the state cannot be met without the ers and outright grants to state and local govern- involvement of private enterprise and individu- ments for recreational purposes were made als. Commercial recreation facilities, donations of available under a number of federal programs. money and land by individuals, and public use of The federal government has eliminated some private land, all play an important part in the programs that had previously been available to total picture. assist state and local governments in the provi- The following pages will examine programs sion of public recreational facilities and services. and methods that will play a significant role in Other programs have been reduced by budget implementation of The 1989 Virginia Outdoors cutbacks. However, there are still some federal Plan. funds to assist public recreation providers. The 32 11 14, and $82,879,989 in federal funds were made 't available through the Commission of Outdoor Recreation (1966-19831 and the Department of Conservation and Historic Resources (1983- 1987) for planning, acquisition, and development of local, regional, and state parks, and the Depart- Ui ment of Game and Inland Fisheries' facilities. Although federal funds are decreasing, in 1988 the General Assembly increased its commitment to assisting local parks and recreation depart- ments by implementing a $2.7 million grant/loan am, for the 1988-90 biennium. progn Grant and Local Governments Revolving Loan The political subdivisions of the state have the legal power to provide comprehensive systems of public outdoor recreation areas and open spaces. f They can acquire, develop, and operate sites, secure scenic easements, zone flood plains and other sensitive lands against intensive develop- ment, and encourage the preservation of open spaces through preferential taxation. Localities may provide park systems individually or coop- eratively through a regional park authority (Chapter 27, Title 15.1, Code of Virginia). Chap- ter Vill of this Plan discusses in detail the above mentioned techniques. Localities should use this Land and Water Conservation Fund, currently State Programs information when developing their outdoor administered by the National Park Service, - recreation systems. Department of Interior, is still available, although There are a variety of programs helpful in Local governments finance park and recreation at only a fraction of the levels of a decade ago. In implementing The Virginia Outdoors Plan at the activities out of local general funds, supple- most cases, the financing of federal programs state level. In addition to money and the direct mented by grants-in-aid, special revenues, or by depends on annual appropriations by Congress provision of parks and open spaces, there are borrowing. Private donations of lands and mon- which has steadily declined for the last several programs offering information, guidance, plan- ies also provide a significant tool for assisting years. The uncertainties and delays from year to ning, and research. local and regional units in the development of year inhibit systematic programming. It would parks and recreational facilities. be of considerable help in land acquisition, Most state programs are financed with legisla- facilities planning, scheduling, and development, tive appropriations. During the period of 1966 Preliminary results of the 1988 Municipal to have a long-range stable funding source. through 1987, $26,150,500 in state general funds Survey, conducted by the Division of Planning and 33 Recreation Resources, indicate that local park tages for that person. Local governments should term contracts for the purpose of developing and recreation departments in fiscal year 1986-87 give both alternate density ordinances and land privately owned recreational facilities on Depart- had general fund budgets that approached 159 contracting serious consideration when planning ment lands. This legislation will allow increased million dollars. Of this, over 34 million dollars for the future provision of park and open space public/private cooperation in the development of were obligated for acquisition and development lands. recreational opportunities in the Commonwealth. of sites and facilities. The projected expenditures Tourism, history, and recreation are interrelated from local park and recreation budgets for fiscal areas that together have helped create a billion year 1986-87 are expected to exceed $176 million. Private Sector dollar/year industry in Virginia. These monies may reach $186 million when special appropriations, grants, gifts, and dona- Activities of nonprofit groups and individuals tions are added. This local commitment consti- contribute much to the total effort of preserving Cooperative Agreements tutes a major portion of the public sector's efforts natural and historical resources, as well as in implementing The Virginia Outdoors Plan. providing outdoor recreational opportunities. Cooperative agreements, as the name implies, Substantial amounts of public park and open Among such groups are The Nature Conser- are agreements among two or more entities to space land have been acquired by some of the vancy, National Audubon Society, Izaak Walton work together to accomplish a specific task. heavily populated urban areas in the Common- League, the Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts, service These agreements can take many forms and wealth by employing a land use control mecha- clubs, country clubs, swimming and tennis clubs, cover almost any situation, but they generally nism commonly referred to as "alternate density and many others. Historic preservation organiza- state rather specifically what is to be accom- zoning' " Under this program, a subdivider may tions, such as the Colonial Williamsburg Founda- plished and the responsibilities of each involved reduce lot size and/or consolidate lot layout in tion and the Association for the Preservation of party. Parks and recreation administrators can exchange for the provision of compensating Virginia Antiquities, also contribute to recrea- use cooperative agreements to gain short or long- amounts of open space within the subdivision. tional enjoyment. Indeed, in Virginia, there are term use of a piece of land for park purposes. Although no increase in the number of lots is many places like Historic Williamsburg or Mon- Another example might be for two or more allowed, consolidation of layout can save the ticello where historical interpretation and educa- localities to take advantage of a special bulk developer utility costs and the locality acquires tion are forms of recreation, and the two cannot purchase of supplies or equipment. significant open space at no cost. This mecha- be separated. Another opportunity exists in using land set nism may be a viable alternative to the suggested Much of the recreational demand in Virginia is aside by developers within planned residential mandatory dedication amendment to the Land met by private enterprise. Hundreds of millions developments for future schools. If the parks and Subdivision Act. of dollars have been invested in the expansion of recreation department has need for recreational Land contracting is another open space acqui- campgrounds, ski resorts, and family amusement land in the area, it could enter into a cooperative sition technique which has been used effectively parks. Fishing lakes, marinas, charter fishing agreement with the school board to develop on a limited basis. This technique allows a boats, beach resort accommodations, and tourist recreational facilities on a part of the property. locality to purchase park and open space land by attractions, such as eaves and public park con- The site for the school itself could be held as open paying for it over a protracted period of time. The cessions, are well established parts of the total space until the locality is ready to construct the advantage to the locality is one of being able to state recreation delivery system. The Virginia buildings. Often there is a lag time of several buy needed open space at today's prices without Outdoors Plan notes, as a matter of policy, that years between the time that land is made avail- the necessity of raising the entire purchase price private investment should be encouraged and be able to the school board and the actual construc- at one time. Annual payments to the person from gi.ven a fair opportunity to provide quality ser- tion is started. If parks and recreation depart- whom the land is purchased, as opposed to a vices. The 1988 General Assembly passed legis- ments are able to develop sections of this lump sum payment, creates certain tax advan- lation authorizing the Department of Conserva- property, the burden of land acquisition for park tion and Historic Resources to enter into long- purposes may be lessened. 34 Cooperative agreements with paper and 7 -4 - companies have been used to make se- .4 tinibet lected corporate lands available for recreational use. Thousands of acres are available for public hunting through agreements reached between the Department of Game and Inland Fisheries and the timber companies. An agreement was reached between WESTVACO and the state which enabled the Smith Islands in the James River to be made available for picnicking, primi- tive. camping, and fishing, --4-, V instances where public agen- There are othei cies hold land that is not in use, but has potential for recreation. As an example, the City of Vir- 5--.7 "R ginia Beach and the U.S. Army have an agree- roent that permits public, day use of a section of beach within Fort Story. The city has a similar agreement with the Virginia National Guard which enables the public to use other beaches owned by the military. In both cases, the limita- tions of use and responsibilities of the military and the city are spelled out in the agreement. Virginia Beach now has about 2,000 additional feet of beach available for sunbathers that for- jo merly was closed to the public. The military still L -AL' has title to the properties and uses the beaches for their purposes during specified times. Land Use Controls ------ 4 117@ MM The need for intelligent regulation of the use and development of land is in the interest of the L public. Historically, this has been done by zoning. Experience has shown that this system does not always work to the best interest of the people when a resource lies within two or more olitical _;7- p subdivisions or is of greater than local signifi- cance. Therefore, the larger state interest, and even the national interest, should be recognized in the implementation of local land use controls. IN 35 one method of controlling land use is through method permits the developer to utilize all his maintaining park and recreation programs. The tax incentives. The Land Use Assessment Law, is land plus it gives the locality the option of using techniques learned have been a contributing designed to encourage and assist private prop- the fees to acquire lands and develop facilities factor to the increase in recreational opportuni- erty owners in maintaining their lands in agricul- which will be more in line with the needs of the ties throughout the Commonwealth. tural, horticultural, forestry, and open space uses. total community. The Department also urges localities to con- The law allows land to be taxed at a rate based on Easements are another land use control mech- sider the establishment of regional park and its current use rather than its best or potential anism worthy of consideration. Scenic, historic, recreation agencies to provide leisure service use. This legislation offers incentives for lands and open space easements offer a way for private delivery systems for their residents. The cooper- adjacent to designated Historic Districts, Vir- landowners to preserve their property for future ative funding of regional park and recreation ginia Byways, and Scenic Rivers. generations without giving up ownership. An agencies can provide localities with management Real estate transfer tax is a program where a open space easement is simply a dedication of and administrative experience at much less cost percentage of the transfer tax levied against each land to the public with restrictions on the future than would otherwise be possible. Cooperative real estate transaction is set aside for specific use and development of a property. The Virginia agreements between leisure service agencies uses. Often, these funds are earmarked for acqui- Outdoors Foundation was created by the legisla- and local school districts is also encouraged. The sition and/or development of local open space ture to encourage the donation of easements. The cooperative use of existing facilities can be very and parks. Although not in effect in Virginia at owners and their heirs retain the right of con- beneficial in the delivery of services to a this time, this type of program was considered by tinued ownership and use, not inconsistent with community. the 1988 session of the General Assembly. It was the restrictions, and are eligible for a one time carried over to the 1989 session where the pro- deduction in federal and state income taxes and posal was defeated. Other states and localities in the inheritance taxes on the estate. The owners The Virginia Outdoors Fund- that use real estate transfer taxes to help pay the and their heirs may also receive a continuing tax cost of parks and recreation have found the benefit through the Land Use Assessment Law, The Virginia Outdoors Fund, administered by program to be extremely effective. or the Open Space Land Act, depending on local the Department of Conservation and Recreation@s Some localities in Virginia have required that circumstance. (An easement is similar to writing Division of Planning and Recreation Resources, developers set aside a certain percentage of the a will for the future of your land.) is a supplemental source of money for the acqui- land within a proposed development for public sition and development of recreational lands at open space. Usually the land is conveyed to the the state and local level. It has consisted of state locality for the specific purpose of providing Technical Assistance funds appropriated by the General Assembly outdoor recreation opportunities within the and funds allocated to the state from the Federal development. The program goes under various The Department of Conservation and Recrea- Land and Water Conservation Fund. Money is titles, but is most often referred to as mandatory tion employs recreation consultants to assist allocated by the Division for specific qualifying dedication or set aside regulations. public and private agencies in the provision of projects at the state, regional, and local level. leisure services. The Department's recreation From the establishment of the Virginia Outdoors In some cases, the locality prefers to have the consultants hold regular workshops and offer Fund in July 1966 through December 1987, ap- flexibility of determining the appropriateness of suggestions to localities to streamline their proximately $103 million of the state's Land and land donated for public use. Local ordinances operation and develop more efficient and effec- Water Conservation Funds have been committed may authorize the assessment of money in lieu of tive departments. These workshops, often held in to projects in Virginia. Federal funds are almost land. The ordinance prescribes the circumstan- cooperation with other agencies, are designed to gone, but the General Assembly has seen fit to ces that surround the payment of fees and deli- increase the knowledge of local park and recrea- increase the state's share through the revolving neates the amount of the developer's payment per tion administrators, as well as interested citizens loan/grant program which is still administered unit, i.e., acre or housing unit built. This in the best methods of developing, operating, and as a matching fund for localities. 36 Volunteerism A properly orchestrated volunteer program As volunteers experience the inner workings of can be an asset to a leisure service agency or the agency, they come face to face with the The involvement of volunteers in local govern- organization, a valuable experience for the volun- problems and rewards associated with commu- inent is widespread and is not a new phenoine- teer, and an opportunity for direct involvement of nity park and recreation work. Volunteers also non. Existing fiscal constraints, as well as re- the Community. provide a foundation for programs and services cluced federal aid, have underscored the need for All principal characters benefit from the use of that can benefit the community. They bring to the local governments to consider alternative service volunteers: the agency, the community, and of job the needs and desires of the community delivery mechanisms, including the involvement course, the volunteer. The agency can expect an served and are often effective in helping commu- of volunteers. Many localities throughout the increase in manpower at minimal cost. nity officials improve and expand the public park and recreation facilities. country are engaging in a fundamental rethink- Volunteers supplement paid staff and often allow ing of public services which includes renewed for the expansion of services that would other- Volunteers can benefit directly from experi- appreciation of volunteers. wise not be possible. Volunteers also provide a ence gained on the job. The work itself can be a Volunteers often are perceived as being a wealth of knowledge, skills, and abilities that can form of recreation or career development. When potential resource for enhancing or maintaining offset shortcomings caused by lack of personnel properly reported, the volunteer work experience local government services as well as to aid in or decreased funding. can be legitimate job experience just as if it were reducing costs. The attractiveness of volunteers The community benefits from citizen involve- a paid position. This provides job incentive for to local government can be enhanced by address- ment and the multiple spinoffs associated with it. the volunteers as well as increases his/her expe- ing several management and organizational rience level. structure issues. The involvement of volunteers in the delivery of local government services unity provides a critical link between the comm and government in contemporary society. Most public park and recreation agencies and organizations have used volunteers in some way in the past. The volunteers can be of all ages and from all ethnic and racial groups, some with education and skills and some without. In public and voluntary agencies, volunteers may serve in many capacities from the traditional role of chairman of the board to a candy striper, volun- teer coach, Big Brother, or scout leader. As the use Of volunteers increases and volunteer systems become more sophisticated and complex, the agency must be well prepared before putting a volunteer program into action. The task must be approached thoughtfully with an open mind and open eyes. It is important to think through the total process before determining your agency's capabilities to handle volunteers and how they might best be employed. 37 CHAPTERVIM Priorities M* the Use of the Virginia Outdoors Fund Unlike The 1979 Virginia Outdoors Plan, when significant funds were available for the Future VOF Finandng acquisition and development of park and recrea- The Act which created the Land and Water tion areas, implementation of The 1984 Virginia Conservation Fund was scheduled to expire in Outdoors Plan was affected by a dramatic down- September 1989. Future prospects for federal turn in financial resources. The Virginia Out- grant assistance funds received important impe- doors Fund (VOF), a grant-in-aid program ad- tus in 1987 when the U.S. Congress extended the ministered by DCHR's, Division of Planning and program for an additional twenty years. Con- Recreation Resources (DPRR), experienced sharp reductions in federal program dollars. Histori- gress is studying various funding proposals for cally, the source of these federal dollars had been the new extended program; however, most knowl- the Land and Water Conservation Fund (LWCF), edgeable observers believe that significant quan- and like other national programs, these funds tities of federal funds will not be available to the showed a steady annual decline in the mid-1980s. states before the latter part of 1990. For example, the total 1,WCF appropriations to Concern for the lack of VOF funding prompted the Commonwealth during the VOF period of the Virginia General Assembly to pass House 1984-89 of $5,284,135 was less than the single joint Resolution 204 in 1987, which established a year appropriation in 1980 of $6,106,488. joint subcommittee to study the outdoor recrea- State funding support for the VOF remained tional needs of the Commonwealth and to recom- somewhat in place during the 1984-89 period, but mend stable long-term funding sources. In 1988, these limited dollars were only addenda funds the subcommittee in their report (House Docu- for a VOF assistance program built and sus- ment No. 40) provided several recommendations to Virginia's Executive and Legislative branches tained with federal pass-through monies from of government for future review and action. the LWCF. 38 Financial assistance for public outdoor recreation where there is an identified shortaoe of park throughout Virginia. However, development of 0 areas was considered a high priority by the 1988 lands or an exceptional resource is available. existing public lands which can meet the recrea- session of the Virginia General Assembly. tional needs of an area should be given priority - The utilization of private capital in providing over buying additional land. By developing In recognizing the public outdoor leisure needs recreational facilities is encouraged. 0 existing recreational lands and under-utilized of Virginia and the backlog of requested assis- -Prior funding levels for a political subdivi- recreational resources, VOF assistance can have tance to the VOF, the General Assembly appro- sion or region will be taken under advise- an immediate impact on meeting the recreational priated 4.2 million dollars in the 1988-90 hien- ment and special consideration given to those needs of Virginia. niUrn for the VOF Grant Program. In addition to participants who have not previously re- these grant funds, the General Assembly appro- ceived funds. Many political jurisdictions are unable to priated 2.8 million dollars in the 1988-90 bien- generate the local funds needed to match a 501% nium for a new revolving loan program. All of -Gifts of land, or interest in lands, for the DPRR grant. In consideration of this, the Division these funds will be available to Virginia localities purpose of obtaining VOF assistance is encourages local decision makers to apply for only. The combined results of these General encouraged. VOF grant and/or loan funds to finance part of Assembly actions will make available both grant - The rehabilitation of older parks and the sponsor's cost share. and/or loan assistance to Virginia localities for facilities. Public outdoor recreation. Development projects will be approved only if -Priority will be given to those project propos- the locality has demonstrated a willingness and als that appear best able to meet the recrea- capability to maintain existing recreational Funding Philosophy of the tional needs identified in this document. facilities within the political jurisdiction. If there Division of Planning and are no existing facilities, a realistic plan for operating and maintaining the facility must be Recreation Resources Criteria and Rationale prepared and endorsed by the local governing Priorities in the use of the available Virginia Local and Regional Projects body. Outdoors Funds must reflect the Division's The funding of community parks will be em- Because of budgetary constraints, few locali- funding philosophy. That philosophy is: phasized. A community park will provide a ties can provide the supply of recreational facili- ties needed to meet the full demand. Therefore, �Virginia Outdoors Fund monies should be complex of facilities, not just a hall field or other localities are encouraged to seek the private obligated to projects which emphasize the single type of development. Community parks sector's involvement in the financing and opera- greatest participation by the maximum num- will serve more than a single neighborhood ber of people. within a political jurisdiction. Single facility tion of revenue producing facilities such as golf applications will be considered if the facility courses, swimming pools, marinas, etc. Special �Local and regional comprehensive planning completes or compliments an existing recreation consideration will be given to applications that is encouraged. Priority will be given to pro- site or system. involve this type of cooperative effort. jects that are included in a local comprehen- The Division prefers to work with localities sive park and open space plan or land use Urbanization creates the necessity for compre- that manage funded projects with a minimum of plan. hensive planning. The Division urges localities to administrative difficulties. The fair and equitable engage in comprehensive park open space plan- �The utilization of existing resources is an ning and will give priority to those projects distribution of available Virginia Outdoors important conservation and economic con- included in plans of this type. Funds precludes the continual obligation of an cept. The development of existing park lands imbalance of funds to any one political jurisdic- will take priority over the acquisition of The acquisition of usable recreational resour- tion or region of the state. additional park acreage except in areas ces remains a high priority in many localities 39 A fair distribution of funds involves the serv- (A) Acquisition and development of access sites - Suitability of the site in relation to the in- ing of all Virginia residents. Therefore, applica- to the waters of the Commonwealth for tended facilities. tions from agencies that have not previously fishing and boating. - Desirability of the location in relation to other received DPRR's assistance will be given special (B) Acquisition and development of hunting and potential locations and existing facilities. consideration. These agencies must give assuran- wildlife management areas and facilities. ces that the locality has the intention and ability - Absence or presence of environmental to maintain and operate the facility. Although not (C) Acquisition and development of public fish- intrusions. mandatory, a park and recreation agency should ing lakes and fisheries management - Adequacy of access. exist within the local government or be in the facilities. planning stage. - Evidence of local support for the project. State Projects Open Project Selection - Evidence of citizen involvement in the project. Division of State Parks To assist agencies to participate in the Virginia - Acceptable operation and maintenance of The a mount of federal Virginia OU tdoors und Outdoors Fund, DPRR maintains an open project existing recreation facilities. monies to be allocated to the Division of tale selection process designed to encourage public - Accessibility of public recreational facilities Parks for state park open space acquisitio and participation in project development. to all segments of the public. development is determined by the Gener As- sembly. These monies are then obligated on a Applications or inquiries for VOF assistance - Evidence of the locality's ability to complete project by project basis according to the follow- are forwarded to the Division of Planning and the project satisfactorily. ing priorities. Recreation Resources. They may be submitted at - Suitability of site for future expansion. (A) Facility development of 1) state parks ac- any t.inie during the year. This approach provides quired, but not yet opened to the public, and maximum latitude to potential project sponsors Subsequent to the site visit and determination 2) ofexisting state parks which are not fully permitting them to initiate actions when condi- that available data is acceptable, the sponsoring developed or are in need of additional tions are politically and monetarily favorable agency is encouraged to proceed with completion facilities, within the locality. The initial step towards of the application, including A-95 review, archae- receiving VOF assistance is an inquiry, written ology survey, environmental assessment, and a (B) Acquisition of 1) inholdings within state or verbal, concerning project eligibility and resolution from the governing board. Adoption of parks, 2) donated lands that meet minimum availability of grant and/or loan funds. the resolution should take place in an advertised criteria, as discussed in the state parks The initial inquiry is analyzed by Division public meeting. system section, and which will not place a Recreation Planners. If the information is insuffi- Four to six weeks prior to a Recreation Advi- financial burden on the state, and 3) new cient to determine eligibility, additional data is sory Board meeting, known project sponsors will parks through purchases, should funds requested. If the project is determined to be be notified that projects for the agenda will be become available. noneligible or oflow priority, DPRR will provide selected from a list of completed applications Department of Game and Inland Fisheries recommendations on how to revise the project. available on a date at least two weeks prior to the As with the Division of State Parks, the Upon receipt of sufficient evidence, DPRR DPRR meeting. amount of money to be allocated to the Depart- makes a preliminary determination of eligibility The DPRR staff reviews and evaluates com- ment ofGame and Inland Fisheries is determined and arranges an on-site visit to discuss the pleted project applications to determine compat- F S n a] by the General Assembly. The Department then project. In the company of a sponsoring agency ibility with the objectives and recommendations obligates these funds on a project by project basis representative, the DPRR staff member will identified in the Virginia Outdoors Plan, regula- according to the following priorities: evaluate: tions established for administration of the Vir- 40 ginia Outdoors Fund Program, and the funding criteria presented earlier in this chapter. Various _4& factors considered at this time include the following: � Share of VOF received by potential sponsor in past 12 months. �Project cost in relation to current balances of v" funds. � Compliance with Division criteria. 1_4 �Total funds received by sponsor since begin- ning or program. (Emphasis is placed on projects sponsored by agencies that have previously received little or no VOF ;p Q* assistance.) 4@ � Completeness of application. �Information (observations) obtained from field trip. IP �Information included in application documentation. ca �Urgency to proceed with project. � Greatest participation by the maximum 4;@ number of people. �Inclusion of proposal in a local comprehen- T 4 sive park plan or land use plan. �Use o f private capital and community invol- venient, donation of lands. A '04 �Compliance with applicable program regula- 7-D I I @ @Wk tions and The Virginia Outdoors Plan After a discussion of all applicable evaluation Alk criteria, projects are selected for presentation to the five member Recreation Advisory Board. Representatives from the sponsoring agencies personally appear before the Board, summarize the scope of the project, and request a formal commitment of Virginia Outdoor Funds. The public is advised in advance of the meeting 41 through the Virginia Register. Any individual who requests to be heard at the funding meeting will be permitted to speak. The Board reviews the project as presented by the sponsoring agency, and if consistent with Division policies, recommends project funding to i'll the Director of the Department of Conservation and Recreation. Following the Director's concur- rence, funds are obligated and DPRR staff is authorized to proceed with finalization of the application process and to work with the project sponsor toward successful completion of the proposed project. State sponsored projects are also considered at this time. However, these projects are not com- pared to local projects since the Virginia General Assembly determines the amount of federal Virginia Outdoor Funds to be obligated to the Al Division of State Parks and the Department of Gaine and Inland Fisheries' projects. Applications not placed on the Board agenda may be considered in the next funding cycle. L!X_ *11 The Chesapeake Bay Youth and protect it from further deterioration. Utiliz- A wide variety of projects are eligible for ing the resources of nine separate agencies, funding, provided they contribute to the restora- Conservation Corps Virginia has impiernented and reinforced a wide tion of the Bay, either directly or indirectly. range of programs, termed The Chesapeake Bay Projects must be located within the region desig- The Chesapeake Bay Youth Conservation Initiatives, which are designed to achieve this nated by the General Assembly as "Tidewater:' Corps Program (CBYCC) is a grants program goal. The Chesapeake Bay Youth Conservation and physical improvements are restricted to also administered by the Division of Planning Corps was created as part of these Initiatives. publicly owned lands. and Recreation Resources. Operating with an annual budget of $300,000 In response to the current success of the In 1983, following a seven year study, the in state revenues, the CBYCC awards grants to CBYCC, and the growing interest in youth corps Environmental Protection Agency released a state and local government agencies who sponsor programs - within Virginia, as well as nation- report which documented alarming trends in the environmental projects that employ youths wide - the Division of Planning and Recreation decline of marine life in the Chesapeake Bay. sixteen to twenty-one years of age. The program Resources will explore avenues for expanding Recognizing the enormous value of this unique is labor intensive, requiring that 75% of all grant this program to better utilize its demonstrated natural resource, Virginia entered in an agree- monies be expended in wages, and a strong potentials. ment with Pennsylvania, Maryland, the District emphasis is placed upon educating the youth of Columbia, and the federal government in a participants in the environmental problems they coordinated long term effort to restore the Bay are addressing. 42 A IL "JAPT"'D 1X- 'V@ Persons with Disanmties and semor Adults Persons with Disabilifies One of the biggest problems or barriers that persons with disabilities ti.e., physical, sensory, are attitudi- There are many opportunities in Virginia for and mental impairments) may face nal barriers. These include the attitudes that most citizens to enjoy a wide variety of outdoor recreational experiences. These include boating, society, recreation planners, providers, and even participants themselves may have that often are hunting, fishing, hiking, bicycling, horseback riding, swimming, picnicking, camping, nature more limiting to persons with disabilities than observation, and sightseeing. However, there are any physical barriers that they might encounter. many citizens with disabilities who have very Overall, today's society is more conscious of the e reater accessibility for everyone. Atti- limited opportunities to participate in these ne d for g tudes are slowly changing and many positive activities. It is important for recreation planners and providers to understand some of the barriers steps are being taken to help create better access. persons with disabilities might face which may However, many barriers to participation still limit their participation. These physical, social, exist.These barriers can frequently be eliminated emotional, transportation, and financial barriers by educating staff about the abilities and needs of can then be addressed during the planning and persons with disabilities. If staff is aware of some implementation phases of recreation program of the barriers persons with disabilities face, they and facility development. can make the necessary program or facility 43 modifications needed to increase accessibility. leisure lifestyle. The total number of people problem for many people. Reduced agility, re- Often these adjustments are minor. Some exam- impacted increases significantly when you add duced speed of movement, reduced endurance, ples of program modification include: changes in the number of family members and friends who difficulty with balance, or a combination of these rules, regulations, equipment, and methods of recreate with them. This number is expected to things may contribute to impaired mobility. communicating information. Facility modifica- increase as the baby boom population ages and Some additional environmental concerns tion includes the removal of environmental or life spans grow because senior adults can be which particularly apply to persons using wheel- architectural barriers. expected to develop some of the disabilities chairs or three-wheeled vehicles (Omega) in- There are other major factors which may limit which often accompany the normal aging proc- clude: the presence of steps or curbs; maneuver- participation in outdoor recreational activities for ess. In addition, modern medicine is saving more ing through narrow spaces; going up and down persons with disabilities. These include inade- live.s and individuals may live many years with steep paths; moving over uneven or slippery quate, unaffordable, and inaccessible transporta- major disabilities (i.e., brain injury, disabilities surfaces; making use of conventional restrooms tion to programs and facilities and inadequate present at birth). and drinking water facilities; and reaching and financial resources to pay entry fees or purchase Types of Disabilities and viewing things placed at conventional heights. recreational equipment. Although these specific Implications for Planners It is important to remember that persons with concerns will not be addressed in this document, Physical Impairments: People with disabilities upper limb impairments may have difficulty with recreation providers should be aware of them include those with temporary or permanent heavy doors and certain styles of knobs, buttons, when planning programs and facilities. physical disabilities who have limited mobility door handles, drinking fountains, coin operated It is important for recreation providers to and require a more barrier free environment. machines, telephones, and elevator controls. recognize that citizens with disabilities have the They generally use a mobility aid such as Persons with upper limb impairments may also same varied personalities, experiences, capabili- crutches, canes, wheelchairs, three-wheeled have some difficulty with balance, especially ties, and leisure interests as the general popula- vehicles (Omega), walkers, or use artificial limbs when climbing stairs, or walking on inclines. tion. They expect to have the opportunity to or braces. They may lack full use of their arms participate in a wide variety of outdoor recrea- and hands, or lack coordination. People with Visual Impairments: There are many kinds of tional experiences and to enjoy the same satisfac- physical disabilities also include those with less visual impairments, each with a wide range of tions and benefits from these activities that visible impairments such as respiratory ail- disability and limitation. A legally blind person everyone else does. They also expect to partici- merits, cardiac complications, and arthritis. may be able to read large print and walk without pate in integrated leisure activities with their These impairments may be present at birth, a mobility aid in many or all situations. They may families, friends, and other nondisaWed park result froin an illness or accident, or from the also be able to perceive lightness and darkness visitors. They do not prefer to participate in normal process of aging. Some examples of the and perhaps even some colors. On the other separate, segregated, or "special" activities, nor do latter are arthritis, impaired eyesight, and hear- hand, someone else who may also be legally blind they prefer to use facilities designated exclu- ing loss. Some persons also have multiple inay not have any ofthese skills. The individual's sively for individuals with disabilities. There- impairments. vision may be better one day over another. fore, all efforts should be made to mainstream Soine environmental barriers of concern to Some environmental elements of concern to individuals with disabilities into programs and people with walking difficulties include: steps or persons with visual impairments include: ma- facilities with nondisabled people. steep slopes; uneven surfaces; raised or uneven neuvering around obstacles placed in the path of Scope of Impact expansion joints, slippery surfaces such as travel; avoiding collisions with objects protrud- highly polished floors or wet shower rooms; ing from walls; going up or down steps; reading Current estimates indicate that approximately walks filled with debris; and areas that collect signs or printed materials; understanding exhib- 121X, of Virginians have disabilities which signif- standing water, sand, and/or ice. Having to stand its that require visual perception; and obtaining icantly impact their daily living including their or walk for extended periods of time presents a directions to orient them to their surroundings. 44 It is estimated that less than 10% of the people who are blind or who have severe visual impair- nients are able to read braille. Many persons choose to receive information by audio cassettes, large print, or through oral presentations. This is not to say braille should not be provided. People who use braille appreciate its availability. How- ever, this should not be the only method used to present information (i.e., on signs, maps, inter pretive displays, program offerings) to people who are blind or visually impaired. 7 X Hearing Impairments: Hearing impairment is the most common disability among Am ericans. Persons with hearing impairments include those who are totally deaf and the larger numbers of persons with seriously limited hearing. People with seriously limited hearing have difficulty hearing sounds or other people's speech, but can often understand it with some sort of amplifica- a specific category of mental retardation may give tardation may have accompanying physical tion technique or device. People who are deaf can You a general idea about the intellectual level and disabilities. not hear sounds or speech well enough to under- adaptive behavior of a person, it does not mean stand it, even with amplification. A person who that all people within that category share the Learning Disabilities: Persons with learning is deaf may also have impaired speech, since he same characteristics or abilities. disabilities are defined as persons exhibiting a may not be able to hear well enough to correct disorder in one or more of the basic psychological phonetic errors in his own speech. For most people with mental retardation, it is processes involved in understanding or using A wide variety of communication methods are not the ability to learn that is missing, but the spoken or written language. These may be manif- used by persons with hearing impairments speed and ease at which things are learned. ested in disorders of listening, thinking, talking, including the use of sign language, reading and Reasoning and judgement capabilities may also reading, writing, spelling, or arithmetic. Ob- writing, mime and gesture, lip reading, or a develop at a slower pace. Therefore, applying the viously this definition covers a wide spectrum of combination of these methods. The two most safety precautions and supervisory methods potential obstacles a person with a learning commonly used methods are writing and the use necessary for all ages will meet the needs of most disability may encounter when attempting to of sign language. Some people also have key- persons with mental retardation. Some people receive or process information. A learning dis- board devices called TTYs or TDI)s, which may have problems with communication, but ability is generally specific and confined to one enable them to communicate over the telephone. most can generally communicate without modif- aspect of learning. This disability usually occurs Recreation providers should consider purchasing ication. Written information, instructions, and in people with average or above average one of these relatively inexpensive units to assist directions in particular may present problems, intelligence. in communicating with those persons who have a therefore alternative methods of conveying mes- hearing impairment. sages should be considered. For example, signs A person with a learning disability can experi- with pictures or well known symbols can often ence poor spatial orientation or have a poor sense Mental Retardation: just as there are different more effectively convey messages than written of direction, or have severe difficulty in reading. levels of normal intelligence, there are different words (i.e., pictures for women's and men's Modifications or adjustments needed for these levels or categories of mental retardation. Though restrooms). Some individuals with mental re- individuals are usually programmatic and will 45 largely depend on sensitive and alert staff who Specific procedures should also be established those with a disability. These standards also can identify them and adjust communications, for implementing and enforcing this policy. improve the design of buildings and facilities to programs, or presentations to meet their individ- Staff training also needs to he provided to benefit everyone (i.e., a person with a baby ual needs. ensure that employees are aware of specific stroller, a child with a wagon,a pregnant woman, Emotional Disorders: The number of people policies related to accessibility and the agency's a delivery man with an armful of packages, or a experiencing emotional disorders is very high. commitment to follow them. Staff need to be high school football player with a broken leg). Estimates vary according to the nature, severity, provided with the necessary technical informa- The first set of these federal standards were and duration of the disability considered. Per- tion to implement these policies (i.e., facility known as the ANSI (American National Stan- sons with emotional disturbance may include design standards, guidelines for removing pro- dards Institute) Standards, A117.1 Standards those with disabilities ranging from relatively -rammatic barriers). In addition, it is helpful to for Making Buildings and Facilities Accessible short-lived depression to severe psychosis that have staff understand and appreciate the possi- to, and Usable by, the Physically Handicapped, inay last for years. ble special needs persons with disabilities may 1980. These standards outlined criteria for door Like other mental disabilities, emotional dis- have. T 'his understanding is likely to increase the widths, ramps, toilet facilities, stairs, handrails, turbance is not easy to specifically define. In agency s commitment of access to everyone. parking lots, and provided information on site design, interior design, building products and general, persons with emotional disabilities may Legislative Requirements materials, and more. On August 7, 1984 the display an inability to concentrate, an inability to In 1970, the State of Virginia passed Chapter Uniform Federal Accessibility Standards build or maintain satisfactory interpersonal 539 of the Acts of Assembly. This legislation (tJFAS) were adopted to replace the ANSI Stan- relationships; they may exhibit inappropriate requires that buildings and facilities constructed dards. These are Currently the Mlidelines that behavior or feelings under normal conditions 0 and, frequently, a general, pervasive mood of or altered with public funds, except for school federal agencies or those receiving federal funds unhappiness. As with persons who have a learn- buildings, adhere to certain design standards for construction and renovation projects should ing disability, most modifications will be pro- which were established by the Division of Engi- now comply with. grammatic and based on individual needs. neering and Buildings to make them accessible to Adherence to these federal requirements helps Additional Implications for Recreation Planning and usable by persons with physical disabilities. to increase the accessibility of recreational Federal legislation has been passed which facilities for most persons who have a physical Often programs and facilities may be accessi- mandates fjcility and programmatic accessibil- disability, but there are many Situations where ble to persons with disabilities without having ity requirements for localities and agencies following these is still not enough and does not special adaptations or modifications. But to receiving federal financial assistance. Highligh- guarantee accessibility. Recreation providers ensure this, various aspects of accessibility ted below are two of the most important pieces of need to be aware of these situations and the should be incorporated into planning, developing, federal legislation relating to accessibility. problems they present so that they can develop and designing all recreational facilities and Facility Access: Congress passed the Architec- provisions in their policies which compensate for programs. Incorporating accessibility into the tural Barriers Act of 1968. This act requires that some of these shortcomings. Some of these design and construction of facilities can be certain buildings and facilities, built in whole or problems and related recommendations are relatively inexpensive. in part with federal funds, be accessible to and outlined below: Park and recreation agencies should be com- usable by physically disabled persons. This law Recommendations mitted to serving everyone in the population. resulted in the development of specific standards Agency policies should clearly indicate the for making buildings and facilities accessible in UFAS standards only outline the mininium commitment to providing barrier free or accessi- new construction and in renovation projects. It specifications that must he met for general ble recreational programs and facilities. Merely promotes the concept of providing buildings and handicapped accessibility. In many instan- developing a policy on accessibility is not enough. facilities that are usable by all citizens, including ces, exceeding these standards is desirable to 46 help make facilities more usable to everyone. participate in outdoor recreational experien- ment, or (c) is regarded as having such an For example, there are specific slope require- ces with their nondisabled family and impairment." ments for the maximum allowable grade on a friends. [PI-F] This is often referred to as the "civil rights act ramp. These requirements are set up to It is therefore critical that outdoor recreation for handicapped persons', Section 504 essentially ensure the minimum acceptable standards for accessibility. Complying with these providers seek other sources of information means that any program or service provided to standards can still result in a ramp with a which provide standards and guidelines for the general public must be made accessible to, slope that is too steep for some persons to making these types of facilities accessible to and usable by persons with disabilities to the negotiate. In this situation, exceeding these everyone. These sources include: various highest extent possible and feasible. Failure to standards by lowering the grade on a ramp technical assistance publications on the comply with this law can also result in the even further would actually help to make it subject; experts working in disability related withholding and withdrawal of federal financial accessible to even more persons. [111-F] professions; and persons with disabilities. assistance. People with disabilities and recreation pro- Again, it is not acceptable to merely design Adherence to UFAS standards is only en- grammers should also be directly involved accessible facilities when the programs them- forced when agencies receive federal funds. with facility design to help increase the selves are not accessible or available to everyone. Since all agencies don't receive these funds, functionalism of the facility In addition, the For example, a beautifully designed and fully many are not required to meet these stan- Virginia Department of Conservation and accessible visitor's center at a park is of little dards. Therefore, it is imperative that every Recreation has an Environmental Program value to a person who can enter the facility and outdoor recreation provider take responsibil- Planner available to provide expertise on navigate around it but not actually experience the ity above and beyond what is required for facility and programmatic accessibility to programs offered. A few illustrations of pro- adopting barrier free site design standards localities and agencies in Virginia. [Pi-H] grammatic barriers are listed below: and setting forth policies for enforcing com- Programmatic Access: The other significant pliance. [Pi-A] piece of legislation affecting all park and recrea- - Display cases that are too high for a wheel- Compliance with federally mandated stan- tion providers was signed into law by Congress chair user to view. dards is not retroactive. Consequently, build- in '1977. This legislation known as section 504 of - Printed information on exhibits or in park ings and facilities constructed prior to 1968 the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as amended in brochures that is not presented auditorially, are not generally accessible, unless the man- 1978, states in part that: or in braille, or large print, or through other agers of the facility have taken it upon them- "No otherwise qualified handicapped indi- methods usable to persons with visual selves to upgrade the facility. [Pi-F] impairments. vidual in the United States ... shall solely Another major concern with the UFAS is by reason of his handicap, he excluded from - Environmental interpretation done without that accessibility requirements are only the participation in, be denied the benefits of, an interpreter for a person with a hearing included for buildings and a few related or subjected to discrimination under any impairment. facilities. There are no requirements for some program or activity receiving federal finan- - Slide presentations given without closed of the key park and recreation facilities such cial assistance." captioning for persons with hearing as campgrounds, picnic areas, trails, swim- The term handicapped individual in the Act is impairments. ming and fishing areas, and playgrounds. defined as: - A telephone reservation system for camp- Since existing standards do not include sites, picnic shelters, cabins, etc., that does requirements or guidelines for these types of "Any person who (aJ has a physical or men- not include a TDD or TTY telephone number facilities, many are still being developed that tal impairment which substantially limits for persons with hearing impairments. are not accessible and which in fact, deny one or more of such person's major life people with disabilities the opportunity to activities, (b) has a record of such an impair- Perhaps the biggest barriers are attitudinal 47 barriers that are created by unenlightened staff who limit the visitor with a disability N, fix., by not allowing a person with a particu- lar type of disability to participate in an activity or use a facility available to everyone else because of the staff person's own per- sonal fears and concerns about liability which may be unfounded; by not being aware of available ada pt i ve equipment or not know- A;4 ing how to operate it; or not being familiar with accessible programs or facilities available). Recommendation Park and recreation a-encies should be as committed to programmatic. accessibility as they should be to facility accessibility, re- oardless of whether they receive federal nionies which mandate requirements for these. This commitment should also be re- flected through the agency's policy statement ,_7 which should be worded specifically enough to provide guidance and direction to agency staff who will be responsible for implement- ing it. [PI-F] bility to Persons with Disabilities." Senior Adults House joint Resolution 204: In -1988, the - Provided disability awareness training to "Report of the joint Subcommittee Studying Division staff. The senior adult population is another rapidly the Outdoor Recreation Needs of the Com- growing segment of society. This population also monwealth to the Governor and the General - Developed a training proqrarn and inanual on has special needs that should be considered in Assembly of Virginia" fHouse Document No. disability awareness for seasonal and part- planning recreational prograins, services, and 40) was released. This report recognized the tirne personnel. value of recreation to everyone. Recommen- facilities, alono with the normal planning dation 9 of this report stated, "That the Initiated a survey of state park sites to deter- process. Division of Planning and Recreation Resour- mine the current status of facility and pro- Some senior adults do have disabilities and ces [now the Division of State Parks] in- grammatic accessibility to persons with many of the issues and concerns addressed in the crease its efforts to make state park facilities disabilities. This information will be used to previous section also apply to thern. Most senior and prograrns accessible to handicapped and provide accessibility information to the adults, however, do not have disabilities, but may disabled persons." Since this study was public and to help with establishing priori- initiated, the Division has taken the following ties for improving access. have unique lejSUre needs or situations. Some of these needs may be attributed to changes related steps to help promote greater accessibility for Continued to make improvements on park to the aging process (i.e., physical or mental persons with disabilities: facilities and pro8rams to increase changes, such as reduced vision, hearing, poor Developed a "Statement of Policy on Accessi- accessibility. balance, low starnina); changes in their living 48 environment (i.e., moving from a private resi- their complexes. These developments are munity. In most cases, licensing regulations dence to a planned retirement community, life- providing a variety of areas for active/pas- require recreational programs. fPl-E, 131-171 care setting/adult home, nursing home); accident sive recreation and organized/unstructured There are specific planning aspects that safety concerns related to reduced agility and activities and programs. should be considered when developing re- poor balance; or crime safety concerns, such as Many senior adults are extremely active in creational facilities for seniors. The need for the fear of leaving home because Of Crime tar- their leisure pursuits and want facilities and physical accessibility has already been ad- geted at senior adults. programs available to them which are chal- dressed. Other areas such as safety consider- Any modifications made to improve accessibil- lenging and adventurous. They do not want ations are equally important to seniors. ity of recreational programs, services, and facili- to be limited to participating only in passive Safety is important in terms of accidents and ties for persons with disabilities will also im- or inactive leisure opportunities. falls and in terms of specific crime free prove access for the senior adult population. In The vast majority of senior adults (estimated design considerations (i.e., adequate lighting; addition to the accessibility issues identified at 95%) reside in the community. However, convenient, nearby parking; geographic loca- earlier, there are other areas that should be taken some do live in adult homes, nursing home tion in a low crime area of town/city/county; into consideration in recreation planning for this s' good visibility of entrances/exits and recrea- population. Some of these are highlighted below: or life care settings. The life care setting tional use areas). The location is also impor- concept is growing in popularity. It provides tant in terms of being centrally located near � The senior adult segment of society is rapidly a continuum of care for residents progressing expected users and public transportation. growing. Therefore, concerns or needs of this from an independent living situation to a less [Pl-E] population take on an even greater signifi- independent living situation. In addition, other specific design considera- uance to recreation planners. Reconnnendations tions should be incorporated in planning and � This population has large amounts of leisure designing indoor and outdoor recreational time available to them. Institutional settings should include provisions facilities so that they will be safe and attrac- for residents to participate in outdoor recreation tive for seniors. Some examples of this are: � Most seniors have a better than average since many of these residents will rarely, if ever, providing adequate lighting which is glare amount of discretionary income that is avail- leave the f ,acility where they reside. Therefore, it able to spend on leisure pursuits. free; using contrasting colors, which promote is even more important that a variety of readily good visibility; using smooth, nonslip floor � Senior adults are living longer life spans than accessible resources and opportunities to enjoy surfaces; providing seating with backrests in ever before, which means they may be living the outdoors are available on site to them, and shaded areas along paths and trails; elevating with even more years of forced leisure/ their families and friends who visit them (i.e., the seat of some chairs/benches higher than retirement. This also means that the popula- walking/trail areas, shaded comfortable seating the standard height used; locating restrooms tion of older senior adults is growing and areas, picnic areas, multipurpose and active use and parking near recreational use areas such they may have some of the disabling condi- areas for organized and unstructured recrea- as picnic sites. [Pi-E] tions that can result from the normal process tional activities and sports). It is highly recommended that recreation of aging. Outdoor recreational facilities are also needed providers involve senior adults in planning � The construction of planned retirement com- for other types of health, medical, and residential recreational programs, services, and facili- munities is on the increase. Many of the institutions where persons who have temporary ties. The Virginia Department of Conserva- housing developers for these communities or permanent disabilities may be staying or tion and Recreation has a specialist available recognize the importance of including high living. Today it is mandatory in facility planning who can provide technical assistance with quality recreational areas with these devel- and development to include these recreational recreation program and facility planning. opments because they know that these are facilities and programs if institutions want to [Pl-E, Pi-H] key components in attracting senior adults to market their facilities competitively in the com- 49 \_..,.1.LAPTEEB\, X Tourism and Recreat ion Econormcs In 1987, travelers in Virginia spent some $6.1 and the localities is the fact that the travel expen- billion, making tourism the state's largest indus- ditures resulted in $305,970,000 of state and local try. This industry involved over 29 million person taxes. This is up nearly $22 million from 1985. trips and supported more than 158,000 jobs for Cities and counties collected $104 million in local Virginians. The $6.1 million in expenditures can taxes on approximately 34% of the contributions e roken out in the following manner: $3.8 made by travelers. billion by out-of-state visitors; $1.0 billion by One of the major reasons for Virginia's popu- Vir inians to Virginia destinations; and $1.2 larity as a vacation destination is her blend of biffion by Virginians to out-of-siate destinations. recreational and historic sites, natural areas, Opportunities to enhance revenue from tourism beaches, and mountains; all of which offer oppor- lie in the development of programs for which tunities for various forms of outdoor recreation. Virginians normally travel out-of-state. In 1988, Many of these opportunities are the result of the citizens approved the development of horse resources made available to the public through racing facilities in the Commonwealth. This will the efforts of federal, state, and local agencies be another attraction in a diversified industry and which have developed a variety of recreational should result in additional general fund monies. areas. Included are the national parks and forests Ofparticular importance to the Commonwealth which provide hundreds of thousands of acres 50 for everything from walking on a scenic moon- fain trail, to swimming at a national seashore, or A visiting a historic site. Federal sites in Virginia rank third in the nation for recreation attendance, reaching over 26 million visits during 1987. Virginia's State Park System has sites distri- buted throughout the state, providing facilities for many of the most popular types of outdoor recreation. Thirty-six facilities are available with an annual attendance of just under four million. Many state parks host festivals each year which attract hundreds of thousands of visitors. Major events occur at Chippokes, Hungry Mother, Claytor Lake, and others. The impact of state parks on Virginia's econ- oiny is significant. It was determined that out-of- ac sLatevisitors, counted for approximately 20%of state park visitation. The average visitor will spend money for lodging, food and drink, trans- portation, activities, and miscellaneous items as part of the park visit. The average day use visitor will spend approximately $16.00 per day. The average overnight visitor will spend approxi- mately $55.00 per day. This is money spent in the park, the local community, and at point! s along the travel route. Thus the revenue generated by day use visitors to state parks was estimated to he in excess of $54 million. In addition, overnight of-state visitors for hunting and fishing. The sports complexes for softball, tennis, basketball, visitors to state parks spent over $25 million. Department of Game and Inland Fisheries also and swimming, as well as a variety of programs Therefore, Virginia's State Park System alone is owns Wildlife Management Areas in which to meet other recreational needs. These com- currently generating about $80 million dollars hunting, fishing, and trapping opportunities are plexes often generate revenues for local econo- annually for the state travel industry; this is only offered. Trails are available for naturalists and mies when used for tournaments or special one segment of the total public park and recrea- hikers. Boat ramps are available for launching of functions. The softball complexes provided in the tion system. private boats. It is estimated that hunters and Richmond area are used each year for one of the In addition to the Commonwealth's many park fishermen generate over $1.0 billion in revenue largest softball tournaments in the nation, at- and recreation facilities, the Department of Game annually. Nongame activities generate an addi- tracting teams from all over the East Coast. and Inland Fisheries manages over four million tional one billion dollars each year. In addition to the tourist revenues, it has been acres of public lands, through cooperative man- Virginia has a system of local and regional determined that a major open space unit such as agement agreements or direct ownership. These parks which provide opportunities for all types a state, regional, or county park results in a lands are available to Virginia residents and out- of recreational activities. This system includes substantial long-term local economic value. The 51 parks do this in the following ways: over $20 million in fees and charges, recouping festivals, and attending outdoor concerts and � Through taxes as a result of goods and ser- almost 17% of their total expenditures. In addi- dramas. It is easy to see how these types of vices sold in the park. tion, parks and recreation agencies reported activities can positively impact a community's noncollected revenues of over $3 million in fiscal economy. Recreational opportunities were found �Through taxes as a result of services and year 1986-87, spawned by activities facilitated by to influence the location of business, the creation industries being developed outside the park. the agencies. of jobs, and expenditure levels nationally and � Through the taxes resulting from higher In 1987, over 34% of Virginia's localities and 13 oca Y. quality residential development around the state parks contracted with the private sector for Recommendations park. concession and maintenance services providing The Department of Transportation should � Through increased employment in the area. tremendous employment and business opportun- conduct a new Virginia Visitor Survey to (It is estimated that a typical water oriented ities within the state. In addition, state and local provide data on types, destinations, and state park results in 23+ permanent jobs.) parks provided seasonal employment for over expenditures trends of the Virginia traveler. �Short-term and long-terin expenditures for 9,000 people. State and regional parks are often This will enable the public and private sec- goods and services in the development and responsible for increased revenues at nearby tors to develop plans and programs to meet operational phases of a park. retail stores, restaurants, attractions, hotels, and changing needs. [P2-F] motels. �Through expenditures of over $150 per day All of the facilities, acting in concert, are an The Department of Conservation and Recre- spent by the average out-of-lown visitor in integral part of tourism and economic growth in ation should complete an economic impact the host community. Virginia. The need for better promotion of the assessment of outdoor recreation and leisure These benefits accrue at little cost to the Commonwealth's recreational resources applies services for Virginia showing state and local locality in so much as the parks are generally sell' to out-of-state as well as in-state markets, and economic impact data. It will provide addi- sufficient in terms of water and waste water should be a high priority. When addressing the tional justification for capital investments services. They generally provide their own law question of why Virginia residents did not use and programming to meet client needs. [P2- enforcement personnel. Finally, the park pro- public recreational resources more often, 53% of F] vides a resource base for local educational pro- the population said they lacked information on The Division of Tourism should expand their grams. Many times park personnel interpret the these facilities. The travel industry needs to program to encourage Virginians to travel resource base and train users ofthe park facility. increase its efforts to promote recreational re- and visit Virginia attractions. This will sources in-state. Each Virginian that vacations increase awareness of the resource base and In fi's@al year 1986-87, Virginia localities com- in-state, and each out-of-state visito r attracted, capture a portion of the recreation expendi- in er $125 million to public parks and means significant dollars to the states economy. tures made in areas outside of the Common- recreation services. Ninety-one percent of the Therefore, a concerted effort to assure the devel- wealth. [P2-F] funding came from local sources, 711/0 came from opnient, maintenance, and prornotion of this state sources, and 2`/0 came from federal Sources. important segment of our tourist industry must The Division of Tourism, the Departments of Statewide, parks and recreation expenditures be made. Conservation and Recreation, Transporta- represented 2.2% of total -pending for local tion, and Agriculture should develop a series services, yet after education and public works, Recreation is big business. In '1984, according of Virginia Byway brochures to highlight the Parks and Recreation Departments returned to the report of the Presidents Commission on state's recreational, historic, cultural, and more revenues to localities' general funds than Americans Outdoors, the American public spent natural features. [P2-F, P2-G] did all other local services. $262 billion. Seventy-six percent of the U.S. adult population participates in spectator activities Local parks and recreation agencies collected such as sightseeing, visiting historic sites, zoos, 52 "APTER XL Incentives for Open Space Preservation It has been pointed out throughout The Vir- zoning for special resources, (i.e., Scenic Rivers ginia Outdoors Plan that satisfactorily meeting and Virginia Byways) provided added protection the recreational and open space needs of the to the traditional categories. One rather innova- citizens of the Commonwealth *is not solely the tive type of zoning, with provision of park and responsibility of government. Rather, it requires open space as one of its primary aiins, is known a public/private partnership, based on coordina- as alternate density zoning. This particular tion and cooperation. Obviously, government mechanism offers an incentive to developers by cannot be expected to acquire fee-simple interest allowing them to reduce lot size and consolidate in the amount of park and open space land lot layout on the more buildable portions of a necessary to preserve the natural and scenic tract, in exchange for the provision of compensat- heritage, nor can it single-handedly provide the ing amounts of open space. This particular recreational opportunities so essential to the zoning option, in concert with a well conceived quality of life historically enjoyed by Virginians. stream valley conservation program, has been Government can, however, encourage private particularly successful in Northern Virginia and open space preservation and park land dedica- has provided thousands of acres of much needed tion efforts through a variety of institutional park and open space land. mechanisms. It is not the purpose of The Virginia In recognition of Virginia's expanding popula- Outdoors Plan to discuss these mechanisms in tion and a corresponding reduction in the quan- detail, but to outline several of the more success- ful ones. tity and quality of real estate devoted to agricul- ture, horticulture, forest and open space uses, the Possibly the most widely used open space General Assembly in 1971, established a special preservation mechanism is zoning. Estate, con- tax assessment program aimed at preserving servation, flood plain, and agricultural zoning such land uses. Under the provisions of the "Land classifications have long protected open space Use Assessment Law" (Title 58, Chapter 15, amenities, largely as a byproduct of their primary Article 1.1, Code of Virginia), a locality may, at its ...'ended purpose. In several counties, overlay 53 own option, adopt a program of preferential assessment for lands devoted to agriculture, horticulture, forestry, and open space uses. if the VAL., program is adopted, real estate which meets qualification standards formulated by the State Land Evaluation Advisory Committee, is as- sessed by local officials according to its use value" as opposed to its fair market value. Such I M_ assessments promote the preservation of open space by ameliorating pressures which might otherwise force a property's conversion to more intensive use. There are currently 78 taxing maw. jurisdictions participating in this program. The 1988 General Assembly amended the Code of Virginia to provide additional incentives to protect open space systems identified in The t" Virginia Outdoors Plan. The changes include a reduction of the acreage to qualify and a require- ment to execute an agreement between the owner and the locality to maintain the property in its '01 current open space condition for a time period of ten years. In 1966, the Virginia Outdoors Foundation was established by the General Assembly for the purpose of assisting landowners in their efforts to protect and preserve open space. The Founda- The Agricultural and Forestal District Act of nomic, its implementation is doing much to tion is authorized to solicit and accept gifts and 1977 (Title 15.1, Chapter 36, Sections 15.1-1506 preserve the pastoral character of the Virginia bequests of money, securities, or other property through 15.1-1513, Code of Virginia) is yet an- countryside. or rights in property for the purpose of preserv- other institutional mechanism, the implementa- The 1988 General Assembly passed the Con- ing natural, scenic, historic, scientific, and recrea- tion of which results in the protection of open servation Easement Act which enables lan- tional areas of the state. Under certain condi- space. This program was established in order to downers to record conservation easements with tions, the value of such gifts is tax deductible provide a means by which agricultural and qualified nonprofit organizations. The five insti- under both state and federal law, providing a forestal lands may be protected and enhanced as tutional mechanisms discussed above provide a considerable incentive for the donor. Since its viable economic and environmental resources of variety of incentives for the preservation of creation, the Foundation has accepted 206 scenic major importance to the Commonwealth. Dis- Virginia's valuable open space resources. As easements on over 40,000 acres of land and has tricts are formed voluntarily by landowners, with development pressures continue to increase, it is acquired another 6,000 acres in fee-simple. It is the sanction Of local governments, in order to anticipated that their contribution to the mainte- anticipated that scenic and conservation ease- relieve unwanted land use conversion pressures nance of the quality of life in the Commonwealth ments will continue to play an increasingly through the imposition of development res- @@, al important role in the preservation of open space traints. Although the primary impetus for the will be even more significant. land in the future. Agricultural and Forestal District Act was eco- 54 Continumg P1 nmng 'W This chapter identifies the major elements of in Virginia. This inventory is a critical element in the Commonwealth's continuing planning proc- the planning process and is updated inhouse, ess as it rehates to the preparation and implemen- with major revisions and new computer summa- tation of The Virginia Outdoors Plan. It should ries produced every five years. _JL A N'4@ v, - !@ be noted that the planning, coordination, and (3) Demand - Information on the current and ams outlined in this chap- implementation progu future demand for recreation resources and ter are either necessary for updating The Virginia Outdoors Plan or are major functions in the facilities is most important in any recreation im lementation process. It does not address the planning process. Recreation demand informa- p tion was collected during the preparation of this more routine planning and coordinating pro- cesses discussed in other portions of this Plan. Over the next five years, a survey will be document. initiated and the data collected during that survey will be reevaluated with respect to (1) The Virginia Outdoors Plan is updated on a changes in socioeconomic conditions. This will five-year (;yule and is intended to provide specific enable the Department to maintain accurate guidance over a five-year period, with general information on the needs of Virginians with guidance and long-range projections for 10-15 respect to recreation resources and facilities. A years. Upon the completion and approval of the new facility demand bulletin will be produced in Plan, a process is initiated to implement its 1993. recommendations and begin the collection of data which will lead to the development of the (4) Water Access - Water related recreation next Plan.Table 1 on page 57depicts the schedule accounts for nearly 60% of the outdoor recreation which has been set for the preparation of The activity which takes place in Virginia. Although, 1994 Virginia Outdoors Plan. for the most part, there are adequate resources to (2) Inventory - A major responsibility of the meet this demand, accessibility is a significant Department of Conservation and Recreation is problem. Difficulties exist in gaining reasonable the maintenance of an inventory of public and access to the many miles of fine beach, tidal private outdoor recreation resources and facilities waters and rivers. The Chesapeake Bay Program 55 along with other initiatives over the next five hiking trail construction and use agreements on years will involve improving the accessibility to large privately owned tracts of land, such as these important recreational resources. S those managed by timber corporations. Aban- pecific activities will include updating existing access cloned railroad rights-of'-way and power line information, working out use agreements with corridors will be considered for trail use with private landowners, initiating cooperative pro- management being accomplished through coop- grams with public entities, and identifying areas erative agreements among private, local, state IP where acquisition and development with public and federal agencies, as well as private organiza- funds is most important. tions. In addition, the Department will continue its work with other state agencies, localities, and (5) Fishing - Fishing from boats, the shoreline, and piers, is one of the most popular activities in clubs in the development of shared-lane bicycle Virginia. Improving water access, particularly route maps. Efforts will also be made to locate and open sites for off-road vehicle use. for nonboaters, is important. The Department's Division of Planning and Recreation Resources (7) Byways - Virginia's Byway Program staffwill cooperate with the Virginia Department continues to grow in popularity. To reach its full of' Game and Inland Fisheries and the Virginia potential, the statewide system needs to be Marine Resources Commission to identify areas designated and appropriate self-guiding tour where access is most needed and work to expand maps developed. An examination of this ap- fishing opportunities. proach and the benefits to the state will be 1 The 1988 General Assembly created a commit- undertaken. tee to study Greenways. (For a more complete (8) Scenic Rivers - Virginia's rivers constitute discussion, see page 130.1 These are designed to one of her most important recreation resources. he long distance open space corridors along the Efforts will continue in the evaluation of rivers state's streams, utility alignments, and other for inclusion in the scenic river system and in linear features. Within these corridors, you will working with the public and private sectors on find the next three elements of the State Outdoor methods of river protection and utilization. The Recreation System. Department will also continue its program of (6) Trails - Trail activities, such as hiking, producing resource plans and recommendations for inland rivers and in acquiring use agreements bicycling, horseback riding, and off-road vehicle for canoeing and camping. use, continue to be popular throughout the state. Aftall The Virginia Outdoors Plan notes that there is (9) Natural Areas - Virginia is blessed with a still a shortage of trail opportunities, particularly variety of natural resources, many of which are of in or near the major population centers. Through state and national significance. The Departments agreements with clubs and organizations, trails Division of Natural Areas Conservation will 4, may be constructed and maintained at little or no continue with its efforts to develop a system for cost to the Commonwealth. Over the next five identifying and classifying natural areas. In years, emphasis will be placed on working with addition, the merits of a lanclowner notification trail clubs and other organizations in order to and natural area registration program as a increase trail opportunities on publicly owned inethod of protecting key sites will be considered lands. Attempts will also be made to negotiate and implemented if deemed important to the 56 protection of these areas. Monies will be allo- cated for the acquisition of significant areas. (10) Local Planning - Good park and recrea- tion plans at the local level are a key element in meeting the outdoor recreation needs of Virgini- ans. The Virginia Outdoors Plan is designed to serve_ as a guide and information base from which localities can draw in developing more specific plans. The Department will encourage N the development of local open space and recrea- tion plans and continue to offer technical assis- tance to localities in the development of these plans. The assistance is based on data generated by the Division of Planning and Recreation (4 A121 7 Resources, as part of the state's comprehensive F, recreation planning process. (11) One of the major reasons listed by Virgini- ans for not utilizing existing recreation resources was lack of information about where or how to Table 1 use them. The Department will continue its program of developing informational brochures Time Schedule on Virginia's recreation resources and in working with other agencies, localities, and organizations Virginia Outdoors Plan in promoting recreational opportunities in the Commonwealth. It will continue to work with the Division of Tourism to develop programs 89 90 91 92 93 94 which will encourage Virginians to visit state Publish Virginia Outdoors Plan x x attractions. (12) The Department will continue to monitor Update Demand Data x trends in the field of recreation and prepare Print Demand Bulletin x technical assistance reports to assist in providing In-house Inventory Update x x x x X x desired recreational opportunities. Major Inventory Update (Field Check) x (13) The Department will sponsor workshops, conferences, symposiums, and other meetings to Distribute Inventory Printout and Summary x provide. a variety of management and resource Completed Demand Survey and Analysis x x x based assistance. It will work closely with other organizations and agencies to provide advice on Initiate Plan Revisions x technical data needs and to support a coordi- Compute Updated Needs Analysis x nated approach to the dissemination of informa- tion. Select Format, Complete Draft of Plan x 57 N, A; 1_"'11-1APT"rEJDX X111-* 4@ Recreation Planning Regions @g To facilitate outdoor recreation planning at the internally, regions should not be considered as state level, the Commonwealth is divided into 11 independent of one another. They are highly V recreation planning regions, as depicted on the interdependent in terms of people idernand and "vj@, map on page 60. The regions are based on Virgi- needs) and resources (supply). Thus, to meet mas 22 planning districts, and their boundaries some of the demand in the urban regions, recrea- @r, coin 4': cide with those of the planning districts tional areas often have to be acquired and deve found within theni. loped in nearby rural regions. -T- J, Z, hen establishing the boundaries of the 11 Following is the composition of each outdoor W planning regions, several factors were consid- recreation planning region: "o e@ ered. First, because The Virginia Outdoors Plan is a genera I plan, it was felt that the regions REGION 1 - NORTHERN VIRGINIA should be kept fairly large. 'Ib make the recrea- Planning District 8 (Northern Virginia) tion regions smaller would require more detailed Counties - planning and this is the responsibility of the Arlington, Fairfax, Loudoun, Prince planning commissions in each of the planning William districts. Cities - Alexandria, Fairfax, Falls Church, Manassas, Manassas Park Second, it was fett that the regions %houid reflect the state's urban and rural distinctions. 46-' Regions -1, 2, and 3 are pedominantly urban areas Planning District 16 (RADCO) and Region 4 contains the Roanoke/ Lynchburg Counties - metropolitan areas. The other regions, while Caroline, King George, Stafford, including some substantial cities and towns, are, Spotsylvania Cities - Fredericksburg and probably will continue to be, predominantly open and rural. The final factor influencing REGION 2 - RICHMOND regional boundaries was the state's physiogra- Planning District 15 (Richmond Regional) phic divisions. Counties - Regions are used in outdoor recreation plan- Charles City, Chesterfield, Goochland, ning to facilitate the analysis of all data on Hanover, Henrico, New Kent, Powhatan recreation demand, supply, and needs. Although Cities - Richmond these regions have demands which may be met 58 REGION 3 - HAMPTON ROADS Planning District 3 (Mount Rogers) REGION 8 - TIDEWATER Planning District 20 (Southeastern Virginia) Counties - Planning District 17 (Northern Neck) Counties - Bland, Carroll, Grayson, Smyth, Counties - Isle of Wight, Southampton Washington, Wythe Lancaster, Northumberland, Richmond, Cities - Cities - Bristol, Galax Westmoreland Chesapeake, Franklin, Norfolk, Portsmouth, Suffolk, Virginia Beach Planning District 4 (New River Valley) Planning District 18 (Middle Peninsula) Counties - Counties - Planning District 21 (Peninsula) Floyd, Giles, Montoomery, Pulaski Essex, Gloucester, King and Queen, King Counties - Cities - Radford William, Mathews, Middlesex James City, York Cities - REGION 6 - SHENANDOAH VALLEY Hampton, Newport News, Williamsburg, Planning District 6 (Central Shenandoah) REGION 9 - PETERSBURG/HOPEWELL Poquoson Counties - Planning District 19 (Crater) Augusta, Bath, Highland, Rockbridge, Counties - Rockingham Dinwiddie, Greensville, Prince George, REGION 4 - ROANOKE/LYNCHBURG Cities - Sussex, Sorry* Planning District 5 (Fifth) Buena Vista, Harrisonburg, Lexington, Cities - Counties - Staunton, Waynesboro Colonial Heights, Emporia, Hopewell, Allep ghany, BoteLourt, Craig, Roanoke Planning District 7 (Lord Fairfax) Petersburg Cities - Clifton Forge, Covington, Roanoke, Salern Counties - Clarke, Frederick, Page, Shenandoah, REGION 10 - EASTERN SHORE Planning District 11 (Central Virginia) Warren Planning District 22 (Accomack/ Counties - Cities - Winchester Northampton) Amherst, Appomattox, Bedford, Counties - Campbell REGION 7 - NORTHERN PIEDMONT Accomack, Northampton Cities - Bedford, Lynchburg Planning District 9 (Rappahannock-Rapidan) Counties - Culpepper, Madison, Orange, REGION 11 - SOUTHERN PIEDMONT REGION 5 - SOUTHWEST VIRGINIA Rappahannock, Fauquier Planning District 12 (West Piedmont) Planning District 1 (LENOWISCO) Counties - Counties - Planning District 10 (Thomas Jefferson) Franklin, Henry, Patrick, Pittsylvania Lee, Scott, Wise Counties - Cities - Cities - Norton Albemarle, Fluvanna, Greene, Louisa, Danville, Martinsville Nelson Planning District 2 (Cumberland Plateau) Cities - Charlottesville Planning District 13 (Southsidej Counties - Planning District 14 (Piedmont) Counties - Buchanan, Dickenson, Russell,'Fazewell Counties - Brunswick, Halifax, Mecklenburg Amelia, Buckingham, Charlotte, Cities - South Boston Cumberland, Lunenburg, Nottoway, *Chesterfield County, located in Region 2, carries Prince Edward a dual membership. 59 fn 0 'k Jt@ MEL CD CA) m C) ot _Z3 lull cz@ cc Cl) 0 C@ :Lo -C 0 C 75 > 's E 1;2 CL; " - cc L) cr E cn OC r- >-, > o@ c > CL; M cc cr u X 0 @@ CD t z@ C" Z W In aj cr cu 71 C) CL; CC 0 co cc Z5 L' 9) 0 -a -:) E cr, CL; w w w cc > r-C cr :XjC cc cc Cc x cc cc W ,,r, C; a; Cc) 7R2 E -rD lu 7-- Cc E '"C E- t "'nm CL cr X cc a ILI M- -n -E cr a; cc c-A @7, Im a; CC t, u Cc C: r-C q CC, CE CU a) m r- r-C ILI cc E m CL; CLC C C U@ 0-4 OR iia-vu, W& d INK Mr, A g I iN ME, pM -v AMI I'A Maintenance Standards. These standards were four games per day, since the average warm up local park classifications, the neighborhood park, selected based on the experience and observation and game will last almost two hours. Thus, the the community park, and the district park. Each of professional planners and park and recreation planner can reasonably expect to accommodate of these park categories has its own unique authorities and represent reasonable and appli- up to eight teams per field, per day. function and service radius within the locality. cable guidelines for conditions within the Com- An Activity Day is the participation by one Frequently, local units of government will inter- monwealth. Their definitions, along with des- person in any recreation activity during any part change the names of the park types, but their criptions of other related terms, are provided to of one day. if an individual swims, picnics, and function within the locality remains unchanged. aid the user of The Virginia Outdoors Plan. plays baseball during the day, that individual has Space and Capacity Standards generated three activity days (occasions) of Definitions recreation, one each for swimming, picnicking, Space and capacity standards are presented in and baseball. table form on pages 78 through 82. They are Area Standards are utilized to determine the For the purposes of this document, outdoor utilized to determine the amount of land or water number of acres of recreation and park lands recreation activities are divided into active and required to accommodate a particular activity needed by a locality. These standards are usually passive and are defined as follows: within a park complex and to determine how expressed as a minimum number of acres per many people can be accommodated during an thousand population. Passive - Activities that allow an individual average day, week, or season. The tables will or group to listen, watch, or enjoy quiet relaxa- show the capacity and space standards for the Space Standards deal with actual site plan- tion. Physical activity is at a minimum. most popular types of outdoor recreational ning and give the amount of land or water neces- activities in the Commonwealth. sary for a particular activity, i.e., the number of Active - Activities that allow physical partic- square feet needed for a tennis court or acres ipation by an individual or group. Maintenance Standards needed for a football field. These standards are usually constants and are not subject to The subject of maintenance standards has variation. The Application of Standards been left out of the discussions in The Virginia Capacity Standards relate to the instant, daily, Outdoors Plan in the past. The difficulty with Area Standards developing a maintenance standard classification or seasonal capacity of a particular recreational is in devising a system that is comprehensive facility. They are used as aids in developing The suggested area standard for local recrea- enough to apply to a wide variety of park sys- management plans and/or determining the ade- tion and park sites in Virginia is ten acres per tems. The application of any given maintenance quacy of facilities to meet local desires. When the thousand population. This standard represents a standard model can contain a myriad of ele- capacity standard of a particular facility is minimum acreage which should be exceeded ments. Then additional segments may be added known, the planner can then determine (based on whenever possible. The satisfactory application to cover maintenance costs. Due to the wide local demand) how many facilities are needed. of this standard is contingent on two very impor- variety of staffing arrangements and personnel The capacity standards are subject to variations tant points. First, there are several different types levels, an agency may be using part of the ele- depending on the quality of the facility and its of parks which should be provided and second, ments from one "maintenance level" and some management, i.e., a ball field which is night these parks must be equitably distributed from another. Also, costs associated with facili- lighted has a greater daily capacity than one that throughout the locality. Meeting the acreage ties maintenance vary widely due to local labor is not. requirement alone, without proper park type and and material costs. Turnover refers to the number of times that a distribution, does not mean adequate recrea- particular facility may be used by different tional opportunity is being provided. Despite the almost endless variety of tasks and individuals or groups during a day. For example, In meeting the ten acres per thousand area methods associated with the upkeep of any a baseball field might have a turnover factor of standard, planners should consider three major system of outdoor recreation facilities, the Na- tional Recreation and Parks Association (NRPA) 62 has developed a set of guidelines. Park Mainte- tion, While standards were never meant to be The following pages contain schematic nance Standards, published in 1986 by NRPA applied to all situations without modification, it sketches of the various types of parks and recrea- was developed after years of research and evalu- appears that a fresh examination of state recrea- tional sites and a list of facilities typically found ation. This document covers a multitude of tion standards should be conducted. at each. maintenance levels, methods, and practices, Due Recommendation Neighborhood Playground or Playlot to the length and complexity of the NRPA Park Maintenance Standards, there is no attempt to The Division of Planning and Recreation + Size summarize the document here. However, copies Resources should conduct a standards work- 1/4 acre and up may be obtained by writing the National Recrea- shop, in cooperation with the 22 planning + Service Area tion and Parks Association, 3101 Park Center district commissions, state universities, local Approximately 5 minutes walking time. Drive, Alexandria, Virginia 22302. and state planners, as wellas other interested organizations. This workshop should take + Administrative Responsibility place in 1989 or early 1990 to be of maximum Local unit of government Need for Urban Standards value. [Pi-FI] + Purpose The heavily populated urban localities have Table 2 summarizes the acre standard, service Usually, the primary function of the play- indicated that many of the standards identified radius, and minimum size for each of the park ground or playlot is to provide for play of types. school age children, especially in areas of high here may no longer be applicable to their situa- density where it substitutes for back yards. These parks, however, can sometimes be or- Table 2 iented toward adult needs. + Character Summary of Local Park Area Standards The character of the playground facility is one of intensive use and easy accessibility. Facili- ties should be designed to meet the needs of SERVICE RADIUS local residents. When serving children, these parks should be designed for active play, while ACRE/ URBAN/ MINIMUM those desi-ned for adults should also provide CLASS 1,000 SUBURBAN RURAL SIZE opportunities for passive recreation. These Neighborhood 3 1/2 mile 1-11/2 miles 5 acres areas are not normally designed for organized Playground or activities. Playlot - 1/2 mile - + Location Community 3 1 mile 3-7 miles 20 acres Location is determined more by the availability of land or space than any other factor. District 4 5-7 miles 10-15 miles 50 acres Regional 25 miles 25 miles 100 acres + Potential Facilities - playgrounds - basketball courts State I hour 50 miles 400 acres - horseshoe courts 0 volleyball courts Total Recommended . shuffleboard courts - badminton courts Acres/1,000 20 *Considered at a variable rate over and above local area standard. 63 z RO CL (D 40 OL Neighborhood Park � Size 5 -20 ar res Plan at 3 acres/1000 population � Service Area Approximately 5-15 minutes walking distance or 1h mile to 11/2 miles driving distance. ol 11 � Administrative Responsibility Local unit of government � Purpose The primary function of the neighborhood park is to provide limited types of recreation for the entire family within easy walking distance. Facilities should be provided for all age groups. � Character Intensive use and easy access are characteris- tics of this classification. Ideally, the site should @7 have areas that are level to gently rolling to accommodate the intensive use facilities, with shaded areas for passive recreation. Location If possible, the neighborhood park should be located near a school and/or the neighborhood center and away from railroads, major streets, and other hazardous barriers. + Potential Facilities �playground 0 volleyball courts �picnic facilities - badminton courts �tennis courts * walking trails �ball diamond - fishing pond Intensive use areas (the playground area and deleting neighborhood parks and include their �horseshoe courts - swimming pool hard surfaced courts) are buffered from other function in larger community parks which could �shuffleboard courts - bikeway activities by passive natural areas and pedestrian better serve the needs of a widely dispersed local �basketball courts - recreation center access corridors. Programmed activities such as population. From an economic standpoint, it �football/soccer field organized athletics are often suitable in neighbor- would be more beneficial for a rural locality to hood parks. Although limited parking facilities have a few strategically located, well-designed, Playfields usually serve a dual purpose in this are provided, site design should encourage pedes- larger facilities than to invest in several small type of facility. They provide an area for sports trian access to the greatest extent possible. sites and not have the funds to properly develop and running games and also serve as open space. Rural communities may want to consider and maintain them. 65 + 0 cr cn 0 CL (D Cn 0 0 C) C) Q) 0 0 CL (1) (D 00) Community Park .4 � Size 20-50 acres Plan at 3 acres/1000 population � Service Area Approximately 15 minutes driving time. � Administrative Responsibility Local unit of government � Purpose Community parks should primarily support active recreation activities and be capable of 4 withstanding intensive use, while still contain- ino a fair amount of open space. � Character The site usually varies from relatively flat open space to moderately sloping wooded area. Such a park should be adaptable to a wide Ar variety of recreational activities. Access is gained by auto, bicycles, or walking. Location Locate when possible near the 'Center of the community with good access and serviced by a public transportation system. or Potential Facilities � playgrounds football/soccer � picnic facilities fields � tennis courts trails: walking, hik- � ball diarrionds ing, biking, fitness park. Organized activities and supervised play provide a space for more passive forms of recre- � horseshoe courts *naturalarea are administered from this point. Other activities ation such as nature walks, picnicking, and � beach and swim- -fishing lake or are grouped in the surrounding area. Their fishing. ming area stream access location is dependent upon the natural terrain, � Shuffleboard courts -swimming pool need for control, and vehicular access. Any In the rural setting, this park category may � basketball courts -parking area existing natural qualities, topography, water take the place of the neighborhood park. It can volleyball courts ,recreation center features, trees, etc., should be preserved and better serve a widely dispersed population than utilized as natural buffers between activity areas two or three smaller sites. Community parks, along with neighborhood parks (where applica- AM A multitude of activities must be provided by as well as to protect the recreation environment this intensive use recreational facility. Th .e from surrounding, incompatible influences. ble), usually meet most of the close-to-home recreation center is often the focal point of the These natural elements should also be used to recreation needs of most localities. 67 COMMUNITY PARK 20 50 AC Rec re Sp-a-ce.-. M:, @-,-Center:'@ icnic Pedestrian Access Pla field Area Football - Soccer Baseball Pond Hard -Surface Cf' Activity Area 17. -.-Plavaroun ,/.....pparatus Swimming Pool Basketball Court Games Pedestrian Access Parking Pedestrian Acce s Diagram 3 68 A,- 41@%2 ON District Park ample open space with generous buffers be- situations, easy access to mass transit is hi-hly 0 (City or County) tween activity areas. desirable. The site should also be accessible by � Size + Character pedestrians and bicyclists. 50-150 acres The site can vary froin flat open space to Plan at 4 acres/1000 population moderately to steeply sloping topography. It + Potential Facilities � Service Area should be capable of supporting a wide variety - playgrounds -trails '15-25 minutes driving tirne of activities with ample buffer and natural - picnic facilities *natural area 5-15 mile service radius areas. Siting on a stream, lake or fidal water- - tennis courts -lake or stream front is highly desirable. The district park - ball diamonds -fishing/boating � Administrative Responsibility needs to be accessible by automobile as well as - horseshoe courts -swimming pool Local unit of government by pedestrians and bicycles. * volleyball courts and/or beach with � Purpose + Location - basketball courts a swimming area It should serve the recreational needs of lar- - parking areas -footbdll/soccer 0 When possible, locate the district park so that portions of the local population. It shoulc it is near the center of the service area. It should * recreation centers fields contain a wide variety ofintensively developec be on or near a major street providing good - golf (on larger sites -shuffleboard courts areas for clay use recreation while proviclin@ access to the facility. In urban or suburban with ample land) 69 CF Cl) 0-4 cn RECREATION CENTER STEAM/ SAUNA M SHOWER POOL EQUIP, 2 1 1 VESTIBULE M/LOUNGE CHLORINE RM ]RABQUET IRACQUET J ALL BALL BASKETBALL M, :42BULE ELEC CL AIR /VOLLYBAI. L OK FT rs, DF STAIRS DF 0 ------------------- -- - ---- POOL EXERCISE - ------I AREA EXERCISE AREA MEETING AREA RECEPTICTN - ------ 10 AREA W TOILET VESTIB( LECTURE OR MEETING ROOM WEIGHT POOL EQUIP YOUTH ;@I@ ACTIV RM SAI INA 0 W LOUNGE STA. TOILET STEAM VESTIBULE Diagram 5 Recreation Center and locker room facilities. quently, larger centers contain an indoor pool The recreation center may be found at the The recreation center in a larger park that which is used year round for recreational, in- neighborhood, community, district, an large serves a community, district, or city area will be structional, and therapeutic purposes. An impor- urban parks. At the neighborhood le 11, the considerably larger, from 20,000-40,000 square tant consideration in all recreation facilities is to recreation center is usually constructe to be. feet, and will include several multipurpose provide adequate storage space. between 15,000 and 20,000 square feet. It gener- roonis, gymnasium, shower and locker rooms, Most localities that have developed guidelines ally will include multipurpose rooms, an arts and game room, arts and craft area, an auditorium or for indoor facilities have adopted a standard of crafts area, game room, kitchen, lounge and VESTIBULE FIA" BAL'I' d ve d areas for performing arts, class or club rooms, lobby, restrooms, and office. If a gymnasium is 0.5 to 0.75 square feet per resident. Small centers not available in a neighborhood school, the kitchen, large meeting room, restrooms, office, may serve 5,000-8,000 neighborhood residents recreation center may also include a gymnasium lounge or lobby, and some specialized areas such while larger centers may well serve communities as a ceramics workshop or weight room. Fre- of 50,000-80,000. 71 Regional Park N 16 � Size '100-500 acres No special rate/1000 population � Service Area 7 Approximately 45 minutes driving time. 25 mile service radius � Administrative Responsibility Single or multi-jurisdiction. � Purpose Regional parks should supplement the commu- nity park system with more extensive open eas and readily accessible passive space ar recreation opportunities. 7, --vo'-s"O it4l � Character Variety in terrain, scenic views, and extensive natural areas are important qualities of re- 17@ gional parks, along with the opportunity for participation in a variety of recreational activities. � Location Locate in areas with significant nal oral charac- teristics. The regional park should serve sev- eral communities. � Potential Facilities � camping, day - swimming area, � carnping, overnight (beach and/or pool) � natural area * boating facilities � picnic facilities - golf � trails (all types) - fishing lake circulation system are large intensive use areas facilities provided at other parks and should not � playground and picnic grounds. Lakes, streams, or other be expected to take the place of neighborhood, outstanding natural features are desirable assets. community, or district facilities. In addition to the The regional park is designed to provide recre- Up to 80% of the site is left undeveloped, as usable more intensively developed areas, the regional ation space for relatively large numbers of people. open space to provide opportunities for hiking, park should also offer an abundance of open The road system enables smooth vehicular flow nature study, and other passive activities. An space for recreational pursuits such as picnick- to the various facilities, and a single main access isolated segment of the site may be reserved for ing, hiking, nature study, and just enjoying the point facilitates control and reduces conflicts day camping. outdoors. between use areas. Located conveniently to the The regional park should compliment the 72 0 CL m pa cc m 10 CL L) Ole, N co M M LU dmw vim* 7, LU m 4) o 0) 0 0 Greenway G Size Ali: A Any length, preferably longer than one mile. fty'V, 1@@ @ V + Service Area 41, Depends upon the location, size, and signif' cance of the corridor. @Ia&, k Administrative Responsibility IA Federal, state, or local. Purpose The greenway is established to protect, pre- serve, and maintain existing natural and cul- tural corridors; to link population centers with recreation areas and other population cente s; Ji and to provide recreation opportunities along these corridors by utilizing watercourses -ims, rivers, canals, etc.), utility rights (stre, -of- way, roads, and abandoned railroad rights-of- way. V 41, Character Depending on the location, it can range from rugged terrain with scenic views and extensive vegetation to open level meadows. The green- way can be a separate entity or a portion of any of the other park categories. Location .1, TIN 7 t Watercourses, transportation, and u ility 7 rights-of-way between urban areas and signif- icant natural or cultural resource areas. + Potential Facilities 7@- � camping - fishing _4 � picnic facilities - access points f4f, '. N � trails (all types) canoeing Z_ � natural area 4.4 winter sports � boating and facilities parking areas 'V- - N-I 4, 74 GREENWAY LOCALITY *oAccess P oint cess Point *410;:Access Point 0 Recreatio Facility p t terer; *-*-Access Point Diagram 7 75 State Park @,- 7* . I IIQL '. . I -- F- Wi + Size 400-2,500 acres Plan at 10 acres/1000 population Service Area Entire state � Administrative Responsibility Department of'Conservat ion and Recreation. � Purpose To provide significant recreational experiences and protect a significant natural resource base or landscape. � Character Extensive open space and/or unique natural 1'eatures in the form of' views, terrain, and vegetation are important qualities ol'the state facility. Compatible recreational uses are a necessity. Access to a major lake, ocean, hay, or river is highly desirable. Location 0 - Usually determined by the location of' areas with unique natural features and proximity to 4 population centers. NI The site should be suitable for meeting a variety of the popular outdoor recreation :" Ji activities identified in The Virginia Out- doors Plan. � The site must be consistent with the mission, goals, and objectives of the Department. circulation system. Specialized activities are + Potential Facilities grouped in intensive use nodes along the - camping - boating f'acilities � The site should contain a significant natural central circulation system to provide areas - picnic facilities - fishing lake and/or feature, preferably water oriented. for camping, picnicking, and water oriented - naturalarea stream access � A single access road allows excellent control activities. The remaining area - as much as - playground - swimming pool and monitoring of users to the park and 8011% of the total site - can be left as natural, - traits (all types) and/or swimming serves as the backbone of the vehicular undeveloped, but usable open space for such - canoeing area and beach activities as hiking, horseback riding, nature - parking areas intensive, facilities study, and fishing. - overnight facilities 76 STATE PARK 400-2500 AC Open Space Primitivb. Camping C Natural Area LU 0 n cc Cn atu I Cn LLJ a Q P n lay U Picoi Lake River rk Offic Access Op Sp-a-c _qjn Trails - All Types@ Water riente n Recreati A e a ound intenanc -:R h Area Natural Area Diagram 8 77 > coo Ic > 0 > >> - FJ-) ol@ cl) > > O'om ril I lic CD a) C E z cr, ac < o' m < X x Qc :j. M N @z C:) I., z3 D) C:, x W CD cl, cD cr. Oo E3 z;l CD c- 0:) :::7T ct ct E c CD 77, CD co C) ac r- < x 3: CD a, M CD CD C) < c. 2L Z: rD C' C-D 0 77- 4, < cr n @r cn ac ac @E. -- EEL =-Olc < 3 C, C., CD, U-0 0 O'@ C)5 cr 77',-D m=CD " r- -0 c' @@ - co m C) D, m 0 Cc m m D: '0 n F 1; 0-0 "a Ql r@cm E: CD CD ID oc CD u, c: n TABLE 3 continued ACTI[VITY AND NET ACRES* INSTANT UNITS/ TYPE OF FACILITY DIMENSIONS- REQUIRED CAPACITY POP. REMARKS FIREARMS Variable 5 ac 20 1/50,000 Ten positions on each range. If possible, develop range complex (Shooting Range) with rifles, pistol ranges,and skeet and trap fields.-Careful coordi- nation with National Rifle Association and local gun clubs desira- ble. Provide adequate buffer from other activities. FISHING Bank 8'x 50' 400 sq. ft. 100 mile I mile shore/ Consider on any water body that can support fish population- shoreline 1,000 DGIF suggests '10 acre minimum size where unlimited fishing pres- sure anticipated. Fishing water is a plus for any community, dis- Boat 4 ac water/boat .50/acre 4 acre/1,000 trict, regional or state facility. with 2 people Stream I mile/eight 4/rnile fisherman FOOTBALL (Field) 195'x 480' 2.25 22 1/10,000 Should be included in complex of fields at community, district or re- 150'x 360' gional park. Lighting desirable-could also serve as hockey, ]a- actual play area crosse, or soccer field. GOLF 6,500 yards/18 holes 50 acre/9 holes 4/hole x 9 holes/25,000 Eighteen holes for each 50,000 people minimum size 100 acres-160 average 7,000 yds. + holes acres desirable-can accommodate 500 pcrsons/day. championship Course. HIKING Variable. 5 ac/mile 8/mile 2 mile/ 1,000 Hiking trails should vary from 1/2 mile to several miles depending on resource available. Shorter nature trails and walks desirable in urban rights-of-way to connect facilities where possible. Develop as wide a variety of trails as possible. HOCKEY 200'x 350' 1.6 22 1/25,000 Should be included in complex of fields at community park. Light- (Field) ing desirable. Are considered multi-purpose fields. (Ice Rinkj 85'x 200' 0.4 12 1/30,000 Artificial ice making required-can adapt paved court areas to hold water in colder parts of state for limited winter use. I JORSESHOE (Lanes) 12'x 50' 0.4 4 1/10,000 Include in neighborhood, COMMUflily, district, or regional park, con- sider in neighborhood park; if in neighborhood with high percent- age of people over 30-muliple lane best. HUNTING I Jpland 12 acre/hunter/ .166 hunters/ac Using a turnover factor of two = 6 acres of resource/hunter. day Waterfowl 12 ac/hunter .166 hunters/ac JOGGING TRAIL 8'x length 1 acre/mile 40/mile 2 miles/1,000 Can be fitness trail, or multipurpose loop trail. One mile trail used as base. LACROSSE (Field) 260'x 500' 3.0 24 1/25,000 Football or soccer fields often used-provided at community park. ORV USE Require carefully planned trails, courses or parks-Provide ample 2 Wheel Variable 10 acre min. 3/mile I acre/5,000 buffer from passive activities-Do not consider for fragile environ- 4 Wheel 15 acre min. 3/mile 2 acre/5,000 ments. Design width of 12'requires 1.5 achnile. PICNICKING Variable 4/table 10 units/1000 Tie in with other activities-Densily higher in urbanized areas. *Does not include land requirements for support facilities, buffer arid parking. **Suggested Dimensions - Site condit ions or intended use may dictate smaller court or field. 79 < on w (D - FE, C7, CP co C;l ',4 co cr aD > z 77, ayc -0 r- rc C-, 'D 3,c,, ac 'D ct CD m n cz 0 cn 3rc ct :rc 'WD cn CD ac cc 0; > cr CD Z5 'cl ac Z7. ID CD 7@1 =s 0 TABLE 4 Capauity Standards INSTANT DAILY CAPACITY UNIT MAXIMUM EXPRESSEDIN ACTIVITY CAPACITY* TURNOVER ACTIVITY DAYS/UNIT REMARKS ARCHERY 10 10- 100/range Ten positions with targets at different distances from baseline. BASEBALL 18 4- 72/field BASKETBALL 10 6** 60/(;otjrt BEACH USE 150 2 300/acre BICYCLE TRAIL 40 5 200/mile When possible, consider bike trails in units of 5 miles. BOATING, POWER & 3 people/boat/12 acres 3 .75/acre WATER SKIING CAMPING Tent 3 people x 5/acre 1 15/acre Self Contained 3 people x 8/acre 1 24/acre CANOEING 2 people x 4/mile 12 96/mile EQUESTRIAN TRAILS 8/mile 10 80/mile FIREARMS SHOOTING 10 rifle positions 20/ran8e **1 person/hr 160/day 10 pistol positions TRAP AND SKEET 4/field 2 rounds/hr 64/day FISHING Bank 10/mile 4 40/mile ***Small stream 10'-40'wide, 4 people/mile Boat 2 people/boat/4 ac 4 2/mile medium stream 40'-75'wide - 8 people/mile Stream 4 people/inile- 4 16/mile large stream over 75'wide - 12 people/mile (Use width x 5280' ' 43,560c]'= surface acre/mile.) FOOTBALL 22 4- 88/field GOLF 4/hole x # holes 7- 504/18 holes in course course *In team activities, does not include substitutes, coaches, officials, or spectators. **Assumes 8 hour day; extended hours, night lighting or controlled conditions could increase turnover. 81 TABLE 4 continued INSTANT DAILY CAPACITY UNIT MAXIMUM EXPRESSEDIN ACTIVITY CAPACITY* TURNOVER ACTIVITY DAYS/UNIT REMARKS HIKING 10/mile 6 60/mile HOCKEY Field 22 3- 66/field Ice 22 3 66/rink HORSESHOES 4 12** 48/lane HUNTING Upland I hunter/12 acres 2 .166/acre Waterfowl I hunter/12 acres 2. .166/acre JOGGING TRAIL 24 3 72/trail Use one mile I rail as base. LACROSS 24 3- 72/field OFF ROAD VEHICLE TRAIL 2 Wheel 2/15 miles 10 30/mile 4 Wheel 1/15 miles 10 15/mile. PICNICKING 4/table 2 160/acre Assume a density of 20 tables per acre. SAILING 3 people/boat/6 acres 2 I/acre SKIING SNOW 30/acre 6** 1 lift/200 skiers SOCCER 22 4** 88/field SOFTBALL 18 6** 108/field SWIMMING Jr. Olympic Pool 15 square ft/person 6" 1,350/pool Olympic Pool 15 square ft/person 6 4,950/pool TENNIS 4/coUrt 12** 48/court VOLLEY BALL 12 lo** 120/court WALKING FOR PLEASURE (Nature Trails) 25/mile 3 75/mile *In team activities, does not include substitutes, coaches, officials, or spectators. **Assumes 8 hour day; extended hours, night lighting or controlled conditions could increase turnover. 82 4 CHAPTERXV ne Demand for Outdoor Recreation Two major components of The Virginia Out- Report of the President's Commission on Amer- doors Plan are the Demand Survey, which indi- icans Outdoors, raw data and published results Cates demand for the 26 measured recreational from the 1986 Public Area Recreation Visitor activities, and the Inventory of Recreational Survey (PARVS] in Virginia by the U.S. Forest 77 71 Areas and Facilities, which enumerates the Service, and 1980 U.S. Census of Population data supply of places for these leisure activities to take together with official population projections place. In '1982, the Division of Planning and furnished by the Virginia Department of Plan- Recreation Resources entered into a cooperative ning and Budget. Updated information on facili- agreement with Virginia Commonwealth Uni- ties and area inventories was provided by the versity's Center for Public Affairs to design and DPR with input from regional and local recrea- conduct a survey and to develop demand data for tion and planning agencies, as well as the Vir- 26 outdoor recreation activities. The results of' ginia Department of Came and Inland Fisheries. this demand survey were used to develop the A limitation of the '1982 study was that recre- !eds assessment for The 1984 Virginia Out- ation needs were assumed to originate entirely doors Plan. In preparing for The 1989 Plan, the within a given locality. No allowance was made Department contracted with Virginia Common- wealth University to update the demand data. for the "spillover effect": citizens from areas lacking resources traveling to areas with more The methods chosen to accomplish this pur- abundant resources available. The updated pose were designed to make use of available estimates in the current study take this into sources of data without resorting to a new state- account, providing separate estimates of demand wide survey of recreational demand. Among the originating from within a locality, and the net new sources of information used were the 1987 demand (if positive) resulting from predicted 83 visits to a locality regardless of visitor origins. plied by the Virginia Department of Planning and were converted to planar coordinates using the However, because of a lack of comparable data, it Budget. cosine of the middle latitude of Virginia as the has again been necessary to ignore demands The results of this study are available from the estimated conversion factor for each degree of originating from outside Virginia, even though Virginia Department of Conservation and Recre- longi.tude. The results of this operation produce a many areas of the Commonwealth experience ation. Data supporting the results are maintained maximum of one mile per degree longitude of heavy visitation from other states and from by the Public Data Resources project at Virginia distortion in the extreme northern and southern Canada. The caveat that the needs estimated by Commonwealth University. A more detailed portions of the Commonwealth. Distances were this study are on the conservative side is still true description of the analysis procedures follows. then calculated by the Pythagorean Theorem in 1988, as it was in 1982. [C**2=a**2+b**2] with the following exceptions: Youth Demand Origin-Destination Model (1) distances within the same locality were A major part of the current study was to estimated as 1/2 the standard deviation of the Another limitation of the 1982 study was that develop, test, and implement an origin-destina- bounding coordinates; and (2) distances between the needs of young people under 12 years of age tion model of recreational demand for the Com- adjoining localities were set at a minimum as the were not recorded in the statewide surveys of monwealth. Such a model serves two purposes. sum of 1/2 the standard deviations of each locality. 1980 and 1981. For certain sports activities, youth First, it is the basis for estimating "spillover" Otherwise, for example, distances traveled demand can have a significant impact on the demands as described above. Secondly, it can be within the City of Richmond would be counted as availability of recreational resources for adult used to help estimate the future impacts of zero, and distances traveled between Bedford and family use. As part of the current study, the recreational developments. For example, if a ne County and Bedford City would also be counted Virginia Commonwealth University Department reservoir is planned for a certain locality, it will as close to zero. The distances thus obtained were of Recreation, Parks, and Tourism investigated not only create its own demand in terms of fed into a model finding the least-squares regres- youth participation in sports. (See Table 5) Their drawing visitors who never enjoyed reservoir sion estimate of the "distance-decay" coefficient estimates were added to the updated 1982 study recreation before, but also draw some visitors for each activity. [By the following steps: divide results to produce a more complete view of the away from other reservoirs located elsewhere. An the distances traveled into distance zones; aggre- demands being placed on the Commonwealth's origin-destination model of demand can help gate visitors by distance zone; take the base-10 public recreational facilities. The activities assess the magnitude of these impacts. logarithm of both number of visitors and distance affected were pool swimming, tennis, softball by zone; and regress the log of visitors on the log and baseball, soccer, and football. Because the available survey data were from of distance.] In general, estimates of the demands on facili- 1980 and 1981, the origin-destination model The only comparable data available to test the ties were increased for these activities. The compared survey data on origins and destina- reliability of the distance-decay estimates for impact varied from activity to activity, For tions of recreational visitors, by activity, with these activities in Virginia was provided by example, the male beginning age of 14 for tennis 1980 Census data on the originating localities. For PARVS. The Public Area Recreation Visitor meant that youth demand had already been each of the 26 recreational activities for which Survey conducted by the U.S. Forest Service was included in the 1982 study, whereas the begin- data were available from the surveys, the dis- taken at selected Virginia State Parks during the ning age of nine for baseball meant that the tance traveled by each respondent who partici- summer of 1986. Unlike the 1980-81 surveys of demands of 9-11 year-olds had previously been pated in the activity was calculated. The surveys households for the 1982 demand study, PARVS ignored. Hence, facility needs for tennis were not recorded the County or city of origin and destina- investigated on-site recreational behavior. Nor- affected, but those for softball and baseball were tion for each activity for each respondent. From a mally, one would expect that an on-site survey revised upward. Impacts also varied from local- computer mapping file of county and city out- would produce a more "distance-elastic" estimate ity to locality, based on the number of youths in lines, a "centroid" location (average latitude and of recreational demand. Looking out from a the specified age groups projected for the year longitude) was calculated for each city and household, one has a geometrically increasing 1990. Estimates were based on projections sup- county. These geographic (spherical) coordinates range of choices as one travels farther away from 84 home, resulting in a less elastic demand pattern The model used was: times rates from the national study, and were for a given activity, whereas the demand for a 109wi-k = 109 Pi + log Rik + adjusted upward accordingly. The affected activ- particular activity in a given park is normally 0.5 1@okg Ajk - uk log Dij [11 ities were: much more "elastic" in the sense that visits drop Where w is the number of visitors from locality Camping - 21% rather than the survey esti- off more steeply with distance away. Thus, it was 'T' going to locality "j" to participate in activity "k"; mate of 19% expected that visitor origins and destinations from the PARVS survey would exhibit a higher P is the population of locality "i"; Swimming outdoors - 43% rather than 32% "distance-elasticity of demand" than that shown R is the participation rate of residents of Golf - 1011% rather than 70/. by the results of the household surveys. However, locality "i"in activity "k" analysis of the PARVS data showed that dis- A is the attractiveness of locality "j" for activity Snow skiing - 8% rather than 60% tance-elasticity of demand was lower, for all 26 "k," measured in units of area or facilities avail- These adjustments were made proportionally, activities sampled, than the elasticities derived able in locality "j"; since different recreation regions of Virginia have from the 1980-81 Virginia household surveys. different rates of participation in each activity. Possible explanations of this finding might be u is the distance-elasticity of demand for either 1) that the State Parks in which PARVS activity "k"; and, Once the figures were determined for distance- surveys were conducted attract visitors from D is the distance from origin locality "i" to elasticity, attractiveness-elasticity, and participa- farther away than other areas offering compara- destination locality "I." tion rates, the model was run using equation [11 ble activities, or 2) that self-selection of respond- to arrive at an initial estimate of statewide ents favored longer distance visitors in the The coefficient of 0.5 for attractiveness "N' is demand for each activity: PARVS study. Regardless of why these results based on previous research by VCU researchers, Wk = 10**[EEwijk] [21 occurred, in keeping with the g .eneral goal of but within the context of the present study may maintaining a more conservative perspective on be viewed as arbitrary. The model was then calibrated by the total outdoor recreational demand, the more conserva- The participation rates "R" were originally statewide participation estimated from the 1982 tive (higher) estimates of elasticity derived from taken from the 1982 demand study. They were study (Uk) as: the 1980-81 household surveys were retained then compared with participation rates for the Sk = Uk/Wk [3] without modification for use in the model. nation as a whole recorded in the Report of the and the results for each locality recalculated Since there were two surveys (the first cover- President's Commission on Americans Out- accordingly: ing the six-month period of summer recreation doors. The commission report listed two levels of [4] and the second covering the six-month period, participation rates: those for people who partici- vijk = Sk Wijk including winter recreation), and since both pate sometimes; and those for people who partic- These figures could then be used to estimate surveys included information about many of the ipate often or very often. Again, in keeping with the total [both locally-generated and "spillover") same activities, different elasticities were ob- the guidelines of making conservative estimates demand for each activity in each locality of tained for each activity from the two surveys. In of demand, participation rates for Virginia from destination, as: these instances, the following rules were fol_ the 1982 demand study were evaluated based on Vjk = Evijk [51 lowed: if an activity had many more participants these more recent national statistics. The criteria on one season than the other, the elasticity from used was that estimated Virginia rates should fall Local and Nonlocal Demands the season with the most participants was used somewhere between the national sometimes rate Finally, the visitor-days to be expected for a in the model; if the number of participants was and the national often or very often rate. given activity in each locality were estimated as about equal between seasons, the elasticity used Nearly all participation rates from the 1982 the larger of either 1) locally-generated demand, in the model was halfway between the estimates study fell within these limits. A few estimated or 2) local] y-experienced demand regardless of for the two seasons. Virginia rates fell somewhat below the some- visitor origins. In the process, a net imported 85 demand figure was calculated as the difference AD is the number annual activity days for the Inquiries concerning any of these findings or between locally-generated demand (U'k) and activity; results should be addressed to the Virginia locally-experienced demand (Vjki. Note Ct this WIS is the number of weeks in the season for Department of Conservation and Recreation. is a "net" figure, because even if resources are the activity; General Findings of Survey locally available, some local residents will still travel outside the area to participate in a given DDP is the design-day percentage, i.e., the The 1988 Outdoor Recreation Demand Survey activity. Since the purpose of the demand esti- proportion of an average week's use that indicates that Virginians participated in 26 kinds mate is to assess local needs, demand-exporting occurs on the peak day of the week; of outdoor recreation activities. Three of the top localities were assumed to have a net import of TF is the turnover factor, i.e., how many times five, based on percent population participating, zero. during the day the same resource can be are sunbathing, pool swimming, and beach Projecting Potential Activity-Days reached by other visitors; swimming. Together they account for over 20% of the activity days of demand each year. Water Once the model was calibrated, it was used for PCN is the per capita need (in acreage or facil- resources draw the most recreationists in the predicting future needs in Virginia localities. ity units) for each visitor during the de- state and water based recreation such as boating, Predicting future needs involved two further sign day. sailing, canoeing, and fishing cumulatively repre- refinements of the model. First, population fig- CN sent more than 28% of the total annual activity ures "P" used in equation [1] were replaced by The figures used for WIS, DDP, TF, and P days. More than 65% of the population partici- official projections for the years 1990, 2000, and are the same as in previous recreation demand pates in one or more of these activities. Picnick- 2010. Secondly, some activities were assumed to studies (see Table 6). The figures for AD have ing ranks as the third most popular activity with be growing faster than normal, based on evidence been calculated according to the methodology over 4211/o of the population participating and is from the Report of the President's Commission. described above. The only exception is for skiing. often done in conjunction with water based For the activities identified as increasing in Skiing needs were reported on an acreage basis recreation. popularity, participation rates "R" were increased in 1984. In the current inventory, skiing supply is by 1% per decade. Again, this was a conservative reported by number of ski lifts. The daily capac- America's concern for staying in shape has led estimate of potential demand increases in these ity for skiing was changed from 1 acre/180 skiers to a- significant increase in recent years in the selected activities - camping, canoeing, sailing, in 1984 to 1 ski lift/200 skiers in the current number of people who participate in jogging and water skiing, outdoor swimming, hiking, bicy- estimates. bicycling for pleasure. The majority of this cling (to work and for pleasure), tennis, basket- activity occurs close to home on local streets and ball, soccer, ice skating, and snow skiing. Determine Need Gaps sidewalks, with 339/o of the population participat- Need gaps were arrived at by a simple subtraG- ing and accounts for over 36% of the activity days Conversion to Acreage and Facility Needs tion: N - S (need minus supply), with N calcu- generated each year. Projected activity-days were converted to lated by the formula above, and S based on the Eighteen percent of the activity days generated needed acreage or facilities based on rule-of- results of updating the acreage and facility each year are spent playing outdoor sports such thumb standards previously developed by the supply inventory. This result is the "bottom line" as football, soccer, baseball, softball, tennis, and Virginia Division of Planning and Recreation which presents a quantitative estimate of needs basketball. More than 20% of the population Resources. The standards are based on a formula for acreage acquisition and facility development participates in outdoor games. For the most part, in which: in each Virginia locality. Computer printouts these activities take place close to home on N = AD/WIS x DDP/TF x PCN; have been provided to the Division of Planning improved multipurpose play fields that are part and Recreation Resources containing these re- of the local school system or parks and recreation Where N is the need (in acreage or facility sults along with detailed reports of the intermedi- department. Other activities rank as shown in units); ate findings on which the results are based. Table 7, page 90. 86 A survey of the attitudes of people towards major exporter of hunting demand, as few oppor- the 1984 Virginia population was 5,636,000 recreation was conducted along with the demand tunities exist for hunting in that region. individuals of which 1,037,000 or 18.4% of these survey. It was determined from this survey that Demand Assessment for Youth Sports residents were between 5 and 17 years of age. Of 53% of the respondents felt recreation was very Participation this 1,037,000; 686,000 were between the ages of important to them, 33% felt it was of some impor- 5 and 13. A specific census of youth by age (age 1 tance while only 14% felt it was not very impor- In the development of a model to assess the through 19) has been obtained from the State tant. These same respondents, when questioned potential demand for facilities to support organ- Superintendent of Education for 1986. By com- about their preferences for various types of ized youth sports at the community level, several puting the data provided by the superintendent's outdoor recreation facilities and opportunities limitations and variables must be considered in summary, a differential of 33,579 was noted. This indicated that smaller, close-to-home parks were describing the accuracy of prediction. The most could be attributed to the two-year difference preferred to large more remote parks. Over 501Y. glaring limitation in developing a predictive between the reported data. of those responding felt that available funding formula is the lack of data analysis pertaining to In regard to youth participation in nonschool should be spent improving facilities and develop- youth participation. sports, a nationwide survey estimated (Martens, ing opportunities at existing parks instead of Data relative to the participation levels in youth "Youth Sport in the USA:'Sport for Children and acquiring more undeveloped land. sports (nonschool) has been provided by a vari- Youth) that 35.55 million youth participants were When asked why they did not use existing ety of sources: U.S. Bureau of Census, U.S. involved in organized sports. It should be noted recreational facilities more, the major reasons Department of Interior, and Sport for Children that the same child can be 10 participants if he or cited were lack of time, lack of information, and Youth. The breakdown of participation data she was involved in that many different activities overcrowding, and lack of desired facilities. by variables such as age groupings, geographic during the same calendar year. When questioned concerning their willingness to influence, economic stature of the community, The following chart provides a projected per- travel in order to participate, it was found that for level of competition, racial differences, type of centage of the number of youth between the ages some of the most popular activities, such as community, and length of season however, have of 6 and 18 who were involved with related youth tennis, softball, pool swimming, and basketball, not been developed. sports in 1984. (Data from Martens, Sport for most people were not willing to travel more than The Bureau of the Census data projected that Children and Youth.) fifteen to twenty minutes. Therefore, these facil- ities should be provided in close proximity to user Table 5 groups. Resource oriented activities, however, draw the Demand Assessment for Youth Sports Participation majority of the participants from over an hour away. For fishing, canoeing, boating, beach use, cam ,ping, picnicking, and hiking most users will Percent of Youth Male travel more than one hour. For this reason, Percent of Participatm@ Beginning planners with a major resource base should take Sport Youth Involved Who Are Male Age imported demand into consideration. For exam- Baseball 10.06 86.3 9 ple, Region 8 is a major importer of power boat- Football, flag 3.70 72.7 10 ing, sailing, waterskiing, and canoeing activity. Football, tackle 2.80 92.1 12 Region 6 imports fresh water fishing, and camp- Soccer 8.70 55.5 10 ing demand. The swimming and beach resources Softball 10.49 44.5 10 in Region 3 draw sunbathers and swimmers from - . other regions. On the other hand, Region I is a Swimming 8.73 47.1 11 Tennis 5.80 52.1 14 87 In 1984, it was estimated that 20 million differ- utilization show a significant rise. ent children (45% of the population available to 3. The sponsorship of youth sports specific participate) were involved with an organized quasi-private agencies increases the neighbor- youth sport during the year. Based upon the data hood participation rate over the rates asso- provided, rough estimates of possible participa- ciated by public agencies. In planning de- tion in various activities can be attempted. But mand, the type of sponsorship is a critical the estimates must be developed in concert with variable for consideration. several major variables that impact local demand. 4. Soccer has seen the greatest relative and Several communities (Virginia Beach, Henrico absolute increase in participation numbers of County, and Greensboro, North Carolina) were all the team sports played by youth. contacted in regard to the trends and variables that must be considered in assessing facility 5. The lack of adult volunteers may dictate the demand for youth sports. consolidation of practice times and heavier Aq -1. Practice times and game differ by age groups utilization of facilities on Saturday and A.- Sunday. but they must be considered in planning facility utilization. The listed times refer to the 6. The participation of girls in traditional male average facility consumption needed to sup- sports and leagues has not occurred at a level port a competitive quasi-private or public that projects an unexpected increase in youth league for 10 year-old participants. (Not All- team sports. Star or elite teams.) 7. Several youth sports utilize the same facilities Baseball during similar seasons (football and soccer; School wks. 6.0 hours/wk/team 13 wks. softball and baseball] and this creates a peak Summer wks. 8.5 hours/wk/team 13 wks. field utilization during very short and specific time periods (football and soccer practice Softball occur from late August to mid-November after School wks. 4.5 hours/wk/team 13 wks. school hours for most practice situations). Summer wks. 6.5 hours/wk/team 13 wks. Instead of 13 weeks times 7 days times day- Swimming light hours for practice (1,092 hours), most Summer leagues have 13 weeks times 5 days times 3 leagues 7.5 hours/wk/team 13 wks. hours (4:00-7:00 p.m.) for team practice (195 4.0 hours/wk/meets hours). Football, tackle 8.0 hours/wk/team 13 wks. 8. Socioeconomic and racial factors will influ- Tennis No figures available ence participation and the selection of activi- ties by youth. It appears as if tackle football Football, flag 5.0 hours/wk/team 13 wks. remains the most popular outdoor youth - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Soccer 4.5 hours/wk/team 13 wks. activity for black youths in the selected com- munities; whereas, baseball and soccer are the 2. As the age of the participants and the level of activity of choice by white youths. competitiveness increase, the times for facility 88 Table 6 4. Standards for Recreation Resource Needs 'j:; 4jN- Weeks in Percent on Daily Season Designed Day Cap Activity (WIS) (DDP) (DDP/TFxPCN) unit Basketball 26.00 0.37 100.00 Goals Beach Use, Sunbathing 20.00 0.43 300.00 Acres Bicycling, Pleasure 26.00 0.37 200.00 Miles Bicycling, Work/School 26.00 0.20 200.00 Miles Camping 26.00 0.46 3.00 Sites Canoeing, etc. 26.00 0.44 48.00 Miles Fishing 26.00 0.45 2.00 Acres Football 20.00 0.37 132.00 Fields Four-wheel, ORV 26.00 0.38 96.00 Miles Golf 26.00 0.39 360.00 Courses 9A Hiking/Backpacking 26.00 0.40 30.00 Miles Horseback Riding 26.00 0.45 40.00 Miles Hunting 12.00 0.49 0.17 Acres Ice Skating 16.00 0.42 300.00 Rinks jogging 26.00 0.15 72.00 Trail Miles Motorcycling, Off-road 26.00 0.38 32.00 Miles 14@ Picnicking 26.00 0.54 8.00 Tables Power Boating 26.00 0.47 0.75 Acres Sailing 26.00 0.45 1.00 Acres Skiing 12.00 0.50 200.00 Ski Lifts Soccer 20.00 0.37 88.00 Fields Softball/Baseball 26.00 0.37 120.00 Fields Swimming, Outdoors 14.00 0.43 300.00 Beach Acres Swimming, Pool 14.00 0.40 1,350.00 Pools Tennis 26.00 0.39 48.00 Courts Water Skiing 26.00 0.47 0.75 Acres 89 Table 7 Ranking of Activities Ranked by total number Percent of of participants population Total annual per activity participation activity days 1. Swimming, Pool 46.46 75,007,818 2. Swimming, Outdoors* 44.34 25,041,691 3. Picnicking 42.78 12,632,992 4. Beach Use, Sunbathing* 36.56 26,020,588 5. Bicycling, Pleasure* 33.52 49,098,734 6. logging 30.77 82,245,248 7. Fishing 27.64 16,203,734 8. Softball/Baseball 24.26 24,903,823 9. Basketball 21.95 41,793,374 10. Camping 21.80 8,884,150 11. Hiking/Backpacking 21.12 7,442,544 12. Tennis 20.78 13,073,834 13. Football 15.52 11,732,053 14. Power Boating 13.34 4,252,889 15. Soccer 10.69 8,321,673 16. Golf 10.66 8,682,787 17. Hunting 10.42 6,953,959 18. Bicycling, Work/School 10.13 16,527,562 19. Four-wheel ORV 9.78 7,042,829 20. Skiing 9.46 2,459,469 21. Canoeing, etc. 8.04 1,928,674 22. Ice Skating 7.90 1,475,878 23. Water Skiing 7.88 5,754,166 24. Sailing 6.60 2,360,022 25. Horseback Riding 6.02 3,404,716 26. Motorcycling, Off-road 5.88 6,759,844 *Mostly along local streets. 90 IL Table 8 Statewide Demand Expressed Mi Facilities Percent Activity unit 1990 2000 2010 Participation Basketball Courts 5,943 6,752 7,603 21.95 Beach Use, Sunbathing Acres 1,856 2,037 2,215 36,56 Bicycling, Pleasure Miles 3,491 3,934 4,407 33.52 Bicycling, Work/School* Miles 634 763 900 10.13 Camping Sites 52,391 59,947 67,990 21.80 Canoeing, etc. Stream Miles 680 838 1,007 8.04 Fishing Acres 140,240 152,200 164,240 27.64 Football Fields 1,630 1,776 1,924 15.52 Four-wheel, ORV Miles 1,031 1,111 1,200 9.78 Golf Courses 360 392 422 10.66 Hiking/Backpacking Miles 3,816 4,354 4,937 21.12 Horseback Riding Miles 1,471 1,593 1,698 6.02 Hunting Acres 1,670,314 1,804,646 1,940,060 10.42 Ice Skating Rinks 122 154 184 7.90 logging Miles 6,712 7,331 7,966 30.77 Motorcycling, Off-road Miles 489 521 563 5.88 Picnicking Tables 32,794 35,950 39,119 42.78 Power Boating Acres 102,515 111,601 120,762 13.34 Sailing Acres 40,850 52,410 65,202 6.60 Skiing Lifts 500 624 743 9.46 Soccer Fields 1,946 2,350 2,798 10.69 Softball/Baseball Fields 2,955 3,242 3,523 24.26 Swimming, Outdoors Beach Acres 2,571 2,856 3,154 44.34 Swimming, Pools Pools 1,584 1,742 1,895 46.46 Tennis Courts 4,366 5,033 5,741 20.78 Water Skiing Acres 138,692 169,922 204,410 7.88 '40 *Mostly along local streets. 91 CHAPTER XVL The Supply of Outdoor Recreation Visitor Center Axeas and Facilities An inventory of outdoor recreation resources in ensure that the inventory was complete and the Commonwealth is one of the primary compo- accurate. nents in the development of The Virginia Out- In 1987, the Division renewed its cooperative doors Plan. The current recreation picture in the agreement with Virginia Commonwealth Uni- state can be developed only after obtaining this versity's Center for Public Affairs to provide a information. more flexible and easily accessible system for handling supply and demand data. With the A 1987 update of Virginia Outdoor Recreation completion of this project, data is now available Areas and Facilities Inventory was carried out in to the Department via an in-house computer two phases. First, state and federal land manag- system. The Division is now able to add new sites ing agencies were asked to provide updated as they are acquired, update facilities on existing listings of the land areas and facilities they sites as they are added, and put information on managed in Virginia. Second, each local parks private holdings and facilities into the system as and recreation department or county administra- the inventory process becomes more refined. tor was provided a copy of the existing inventory Inventory information is stored on computer and a supply of new inventory forms. Each tapes according to recreation region, planning 11 _00' VE locality then updated the data for its area to district, locality, and individual site. It is further 92 Table 9 Statewide Supply Expressed Mi Facilities ACTIVITY UNIT OF UNITS BASKETBALL COURTS 2,774 BEACH USE, SUNBATHING ACRES 1,453 BICYCLING, PLEASURE" MILES 1,478 BICYCLING, WORK/SCHOOL MILES BOAT ACCESS RAMPS LANES 1,198 CAMPING SITES 50,783 CANOEING, E'I'C.* STREAM MILES 2,888 FISHING* ACRES 1,277,520 FISHING PIERS PIERS 90 FISHING, STREAM* MILES 2,992 FOOTBALL* FIELDS 1,406 FOUR-WHEEL, ORV* MILES 101 GOLF COURSES 205 GYMS EACH 303 HIKING/BACKPACKING MILES 3,710 HORSEBACK RIDING MILES 1,092 HUNTING ACRES 1,685,921 ICE SKATING RINKS -0- JOGGING" MILES 252 'Not additive to other similar resources 'Unmeasured, provided on any suitable surface in- 'Includes only specially constructed trails. eluding local streets. subdivided by administrative agency and use inventory printout have been provided to each type. This format enables the Division of Plan- parks and recreation director. Duplicate copies rung and Recreation Resources to perform a and summaries are provided to local, state, or valuable service to federal, state, and local federal agencies upon request. agencies, planning district commissions, and the it should be noted that this inventory still does private sector, by being able to extract acreage not include many of the private swimming pools, and facility listings and/or totals for each site, tennis courts, and other facilities normally pro- type o f activity, or administering agency, land vided by apartment complexes, housing develop- class, or any combination thereof. Copies of the m ents, or motels. While it is true that these 93 Table 9 (continued) ACTIVITY UNIT OF UNITS MARINAS SLIPS 23,823 MOTORCYCLING, OFF-ROAD* MILES 101 MUSEUMS EACH 17 NATURE CENTERS EACH 24 PICNICKING 'FABLES 30,958 PLAYGROUNDS EACH 2,119 POWER BOATING* ACRES 1,286,179 RANGES, ARCHERY EACH 199 RANGES, RIFLE/PISTOL EACH 125 RANGES, SKEET/TRAP EACH 27 RECREATION CENTERS EACH 154 SAILING* ACRES 1,286,179 SKIING LIFTS 26 SOCCER* FIELDS 1,406 SOFTBALL/BASEBALL FIELDS 2,760 SWIMMING, OUTDOORS BEACH ACRES 1,453 SWIMMING, POOL POOLS 616 TENNIS COURTS 3,217 WATER SKIING* ACRES -1,286,179 ***Not additive to other similar resources ***Unmeasured, provided on any smiable surface m- -Includes only specially constrUCted trails. cluding local streets. facilities, and others of similar type, ineet some ure the quality of available facilities. Local local recreational demand, they are not generally factors, such as lighting, accessibility, maint open and available to the public. When evaluating nance capabilities, layout, and design ofexisting the need for a given facility, however, thought fields, courts, and other elements, will ultimately should be given to the availability of these private determine whether inventoried recreation resour- resources, and to the percent of local demand ces can be used to their maximum potential. served by their presence. This should ensure that duplication of service does not occur. Table 9 on the following page summarizes the basic supply of outdoor recreation facilities used Also, the inventory does not attempt to meas- in developing The Virginia Outdoors Plan. 94 I A P T E-111 X V I I rMq jL fte Need for Outdoor Recreation Areas and Facilities The purpose of demand and supply studies is ment of the regional analysis presented in Chap- to provide data for calculating the need for ter XX. Some of the ways that the calculated recreation lands and facilities. The needs picture needs can be met include: acquiring and properly provides a reasonably accurate guide for direct- developing additional facilities; lengthening use in g the expenditure of local, state, and federal hours by facility lighting; developing mobile resources, and suggests emphasis for other programs and equipment; encouraging private ental and private acquisition and devel- facility managers to open their facilities to governm opment programs. An estimate of area and specific user groups; and coordinating transit facility needs has been prepared for the state as a systems, road improvement projects and the like whole and for each of the eleven planning to make existing areas more accessible. In addi- regions. tion, incentives should be provided to promote Facility needs do not necessarily reflect activ- private sector involvement in the development of ity popularity or activity day demand, but rather recreational facilities and services. the design day concept. For example, some out- Virginia's needs for outdoor recreation can be ation activities, such as bicycling, door recre@ met only through coordination and cooperation require fewer facilities than others because between public agencies and private enterprise. participation is fairly evenly distributed through- Tables 10 through 13 contain the basic current out the week and the year. An activity such as and projected needs summarizations used in snow skiing, on the other hand, requires more developing The Virginia Outdoors Plan. Sum- facilities per participant because participation mary needs data, by locality, is available in occurs primarily on winter weekends. booklet form from the Division of Planning and Recreation Resources. Present and projected regional and planning district needs were considered in the develop- 95 -,wqr@ -7 , -V4 sli @A, JJI- t U@ U) U@ UD U) It It LZ m cn + 0 C, @,7- w 70 CD w oc a) cr 00 @z =- - F@ q DO 0-0 2) n CD w C, M DO orc F7 oc C) C G@ 7;- Oro cc > > C) CD CD CD CD CD M CD w co w cn w cn cn cn cn CD > CD CD 41. cc CD n -C;l @z P, @q s", SQ P co .0. w m w 14@- m w N) tQ m m 0 1@ .9@1 113 tlz w = = 0 I-j C Cn W N@ w 0 0 W 0 M M- co 0 .1@- .01 m n cn P@l co w w co cc CD co N3 + cc CP tlz cn cn tl@ 0 00 .4 co m "I cm r1l, co tl-4) 0 41. cc -1 @l N C@l m m Ul 00 14 C@ w rQ 4 co Co co N CD cc .4 Ul 0 0 c = 4 w 4 cc tQ + co q cn N --,I --.I w -,I m N N w -t,-, -W IQ C) tQ -14 c cc m 0: W CD N co 00 m a) 0 11,D N cc .4 cc N 4:1 4 cc 14 cc w 0 CD cc tQ cc t4 t9l cc m IQ ci, p 14 p cn co CQ m 4 m w "I cc @pl 0 Ln cn TABLE 11 Recreation Needs 1990 Expressed mi FacMti*es RECREATION REGION ACTIVITY/UNITS OF MEASURE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 CAMPING/SITES 5,995 8,183 7,541 2,928 1,378 +24 2,236 933 1,580 +3,630 +1,178 FISHING/ACRES +51,217 +15,541 +129,567 +9,556 12,910 +1,744 +12,485 +442,794 +21,508 +53,003 +17,770 CANOEING, ETC./STREAM MILES +39 +56 189 +119- +134 +493 +1,011- +33 18 7 2 SAILING/ACRES +39,966 +17,523 +144,162 +14,176 +5,663 1,079 +14,193 +441,710 +21,297 +422,045 +87,785 POWER BOATING/ACRES +30,010 +4,501 +124,520 750 +171 4,527 +11,726 +421,508 +16,052 +416,077 +80,857 WATER SKIING/ACRES +21,672 +4,464 +93,666 3,032 1,889 1,307 +7,233 +405,465 +14,872 +409,710 +71,737 POOL SWIMMING/POOLS 320 160 400 69 49 78 55 13 56 1 13 SWIMMING OUTDOORS/BEACH ACRES 315 234 769 191 228 52 124 45 97 +196 51 BEACH USE, SUNNING/ACRES 305 150 210 64 114 50 56 25 34 +218 30 HIKING, BACKPACKING/MILES 725 257 394 193 51 +72 167 41 168 +9 79 JOGGING/MILES 2,246 1,021 6,807 1,317 813 845 1,122 50 912 54 491 BICYCLING/WORK, SCH/MILES 154 39 144 82 88 60 31 3 6 13 41 BICYCLING PLEASURE/MILES 686 531 1,332 184 19 63 308 81 174 30 159 HORSEBACK RIDING/MILES 21 67 139 70 203 ill 49 25 125 2 72 FOUR WHEEL O.R.V./MILES 206 64 235 69 467 202 172 37 45 6 40 MOTORCYCLE OFF ROAD/MILES 88 56 117 85 198 114 18 12 9 6 57 HUNTING/ACRES 205,279 158,712 347,516 +91,955 +121,936 +127,155 129,821 93,718 88,309 7,586 258,073 PICNICKING/TABLES 3,582 2,338 3,780 631 +493 +399 956 391 504 +611 +1,108 GOLF/COURSES 48 3 42 16 10 8 22 7 17 0 16 TENNIS/COURTS 286 332 561 +31 152 17 190 37 130 +2 30 SOFTBALL, BASEBALL/FIELDS 537 24 246 159 +31 84 50 105 80 35 j 38 BASKETBALL/COURTS 783 464 1,148 499 567 452 474 108 323 62 630 SOCCER/FIELDS 272 26 220 +9 275 15 25 17 90 4 30 FOOTBALL/FIELDS 160 73 +29 264 172 55_ 134 17 47 4 123 ICE SKATING/RINKS 56 15 19 3 0 9 5 9 3 1 2 SKIING/LIFTS 150 90 101 34 47 3 29 7 2:3 + = SURPLUS 97 + = cn --3n:R=K-1=E@E-,:-,== > rlCn (- 0 m @ c m n -- !] > > C > > > -3C @< .1 0 :;@Fz K -q > > C, nZ > @_r0 " (- n 2:, Z n n= ;@2z - I> c - - -<M 7- z* c Lz" ITI C) > W > cr cr > rr c 2 Q cn cr @:c @a cr cc m C) cn m m > CD co cnn 1@ 4@ 41 4w lll@w cl clD cz @c tl@ cc .. cz cc cc C) t@ "I w t; z mcjl w 'A co zz t@ N oo co w 0 rl.@ c.11mC)o0w-L@w I- 'I co N: m cc cc co cz t") C@m0@0zC;l cc + + @c @-o" No m 0 cz . . . C c w Aw N czCcc z w :c E, v:j S 't-I 'M cc + + + E@ ll@ + + + cl, + t@ "o "1 41 t@ @c ++ Ln cc U m -= @+ --I cn co L@wc@ w w + o3 :z v, cz @l cc c@ C -4 cc wL, w mL.; c7, cn C, cc L@ t@ @c cc cli o C L"Nw z co "I cz LC 8 + + + ul @j, + m Ul ccw +" @:c "4- c@ 'A m C) cn t; 1@ w m 41 co w ul ca-z' c@ w w cl, m I @z co 117 @c n t, O:D -A x cc L" + . . . 0 "0 oc ,; 1@ 0 C: N + n N oo co oc + + 'r Lc 11 1, rl cm 0 co Lr@ 0 n Lo m Ln L-, 'T cn c', 'r N Ij r@ C c LO + + 7 7 cc cn n o-o + co cc m LrI cD co C, @T CD cc) co N C LO x CD r-, n z cc cc Ln In @n t", m cz) 'N Lo 7T -q @t + oc + + + x n T Z) N N -N -q N N Lo :z + + + x z,.M cz :c Ln cc Lo m -,z= " rO LM + + + N x x N N 't C) LC N + :q n IN + + : -,] + N = N cn t, Ll@ 1\1M ol- L, I) cD -N 1\1 N c'. cn L, 0 -q L, cn N :2 = 'T -q "I L, L'@ T T C'@ IT LC m oc n 0 ll@ m zr -q n 'i. ol Ll@ = = =1 a) cc Lo -q N @c -Nq 0- + --A Lr! 'Nn N + + + = c:-m co -A m cc N cl = 'T I- o oi. cC 1@ cc c, N I- , , @T c, c --Il co cc N_ N -q + + + + -q ur u U0 z z E--Z 10 U2 U U E ul C4 CD 0 L) LJ w c o 0 :n c- Z. crjm T- L- - 1@ I @ - I.--..- IN ,ti gg ............ E a E7 -c m b CD CD M Ir Ln - 91 lk w -,6 =,.D ct 2 - = < :n = = 2 C6 C2 Z:) cr EL RL 5- ct It cr < 2 CD @ . . - - p C Y, fD cn oc CD 't@ 21, EL a cn a) F 57 a; CD Z) CD 0 @3 c = axo <> - F@ ct 0 Jo mEn CD Cc ct 5- C) 0 fw+ 77 w cct-, Cc, w m 0-- cn M z ml ;,n 6 Cc) a; C) CD Ct C-t cn cn CD CID CD Ct CD M i2 cr cr CD on 6 cr cc (D co Cc =3 prime resources to one ofirnproving and protect- 4PW w, in existing components of the system. It is extremely important that the Park Service main- tain oood communication with state, regional, and local units of government in order to assure Pl- that the short and long range goals of the Park Service are thoroughly understood. Good coordi- nation is imperative if the recreation resources of the nation and the Commonwealth are to be effectively protected and utilized. The 1988 Virginia Outdoor Recreation De- mand Analysis shows a continued increase in the dernand for picnicking, biking, bicycling, and other day use recreational activities provided at most of the National Park Service facilities in Virginia. National Park Service planners should be aware of this increased demand and consider the addition ofpicnicking facilities and trail loops for hiking and bicycling at national parks close to large population areas. Assateague Island National Seashore will continue to feel the affects of increased demand by Virginians for beach use, sunbathing, and recreation areas identified in the Blue Ridge Work closely with state and local land use swimming. Plans for the National Seashore Parkway Master Plan. [Pl-C] planning agencies and organizations to as- should be evaluated to determine if additional -Complete the upgrade of facilities in Shenan- sure that development adjacent to Shenan- support facilities are going to be required. They doah National Park. [Pi-C] doah National Park is compatible with both should also coordinate with the regional and local local and NPS needs to protect sensitive planners to explore the feasibility of a "transit" .Protect significant historic lands in the vicin- resources and maintain public access. [P2-E] system that will enable larger numbers of recrea- ity of Manassas National Battlefield Park The U.S. Department of Interior should tionists to visit the beaches without inundating (Prince William County) from incompatible revise its current policy concerning Chinco- the entire island with private vehicles. Chinco- development. Within this vicinity is the teague National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) and teague National Wildlife Refuge should not be Cundiff House, Lee's Headquarters, the Assateague Island National Seashore by expanded to close beaches or to further limit Lewis House, Longstreet's staging area, placing a higher priority on the provision of public use of the areas of the National Seashore. Stony Ridge, and other important areas. A water and beach access for recreation on the feasibility study should be conducted con- National Seashore. Currently, it appears that Recommendations cerning rerouting nonpark visitor traffic the needs of the Wildlife Refuge take prece- The National Park Service should: around the park. [Pi-C] dent. [Pl-C, P2-E] � Complete acquisition of the Appalachian Work with trail clubs on the construction of Assist in the development of a horse trail Trail corridor. [Pl-C] additional loop trails and publish maps and frorn Lexington to Roanoke by helping to descriptions of each trail in units of the locate the route, provide trail head parking, � Complete the planning and construction of National Park Service (NPS). [Pl-C, P2-G] and provide technical assistance. [Pi-C] 101 NATIONAL PARKS EXISTING 8 PROPOSED 0 07 GREAT FALLS 4+- /WOLF TR.' PARK FARM PARK MANASSAS NAT161QAL" STIS LEE B fTL IELD PA R@6 #1 ANSION PRINCE WI,LLNM@, GEORGE WASHINGTON FgREST PARKok MEMORIAL PARKWAY GEORGE WASHINGTON 4 BIRTHPLACE S ENANUOAH ATIONAL MONUMENT NATIONAL PKRK 'FREDERiCKSBU ASSATEAGUE ISLAND AND-SPOTSYIVA I -1A NATIONAL SEASH NATIONAIL MIO PARK SK LIN @D IVE RAIL_ @PALACHIANY N B. BLUE RI MAGGIE WAD @@R NAfib@. '!STQRIC SITE- PARKW y 1, N NATIIN -T-T[@ F@ D B D 0APPOMATTOX CO'URT.,HOUSE OLONI L 0 NATIONAL HISTORICAL PARK- 4f TIONA I ORIC LPARK APPALACHIAN ,t' 4@ PETERSBUR NX -1 N-AL TRAIL--- B OKEWT-VIASHINGTON r_; BATTLEFIELD'PARK NATIONAL MONUM7 NT CAPE HENRY LIGHTHOUSE MBERL NDGAP N T111 A HISTORI'6 L PARK V I SEASH AL @API C Plate 2 102 6 , W-ka National Forests satisfying the increasing demand for dispersed, Land Resource Management Plans which will resource based recreational opportunities. guide forest management for the next 10 years. The United States Forest Service administers in 1988 the Chief of the Forest Service deve- Plans are reviewed at least every five years and [lie George Washington and the Jefferson Na- I-ped a new National Recreation Strategy that updated if necessary. Forest planning has become tional Forests in Virginia. These forests currently highly sophisticated with computerized geogra- placed recreation at the same level of importance encompass over 1,600,000 acres. They constitute in planning and management of National Forests phic information systems, extensive inventories 50% of all public outdoor recreation land in the as timber, minerals, wildlife, and water. This of natural, cultural, and historic resources, and Commonwealth. renewed emphasis on meeting the needs of forest state of the art technology. Citizen input at all National Forest lands are managed under the recreationists is taking shape in the Jefferson phases of the planning process ensures a respon- niultiple-use sustained yield concept, thereby National Forest under the narne "Operation sive plan that will address the needs of all users. insuring the continual provision of timber, forage, Cornerstone" - the "Cornerstone" in this case The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers transferred water, wildlife, and recreational opportunities beino recreation and tourism. The U.S. Forest management responsibilities for two of its major needed by this and future generations. The Service, in conjunction with state, local, and impoundments to the Forest Service. The North recreation management objective of the Forest private recreation, tourism, hospitality, and Fork of the Pound Reservoir in Wise County will Service is to develop opportunities which will business leaders, is developing a coordinated and substantially increase the recreational opportun- enhance public use and enjoyment of the forest combined recreation and tourism marketing ities in the Jefferson National Forest. Lake Moo- lands. strategy for southwestern Virginia that emphas- inaw, located on the Bath and Alleghany County In recent years, both the George Washington izes the interrelationship of the National Forest line, is considered one of the finest recreation and Jefferson National Forests have significantly With other attractions in the region. resources in the state and contributes signifi- cantly to opportunities on the George Washing- expanded their recreation facilities and intensi- The National Forest Management Act ton National Forest. Each impoundment has fied their management of outdoor recreation amended the Forest and Rangeland Renewable developed camping, swimming, picnicking, and areas. Now a focal point for public outdoor Resources Planning Act and required the Na- boating facilities and both have excellent poten- recreation, the forests are of major significance in tional Forests to prepare new National Forest tial for expansion. 103 NATIONAL FORESTS AND WILDLIFE REFUGES O@RG GE WAS TON A-r,]YN'A- @_, FORE MASON NECK N.W.R, MARUMSCO N.W.R. FEATHERSTONE N,W@R, GEORGE WASHINGTON NATIONAL FOREST f CHINCOTEAQUE NATIONAL WILDLIFE FIEFU LAKE :All OF MLOS a . . 6 .4@ moom GEORG9 WASHINGTON 'KIATIO'AL Fq`R ST VVXL@L Pil. k JEF PRESQUILLINATIONA1 '@HA6' JEFFERSON 5,C) N N QN HE e ASTERN FOREST NA I.. NAL 4WILDLIF@JREFUG AT' N.W.R, %.,NATIONA HORE FOREST NORTH FORK OF LUM TR POUND RESERVOIR _41 f?4ATIONA WIIE),LIFE REF Oil FISHERMANS I ,, - - - ISLAND NATIONAL ILDLIFE REFUGE JEFFER N NATIO L FORES NAN@EMONDXW B CK BAY[NATIONAL e --j WILDLIFEIREFUGE c DISMA WAMP MOUN ROGERS- NATII NAL WILDLIF EFU T Q L RE6REATION AREA AY ISLAND NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE GE-,--AF @NR A@ER@ T y HORE NW.R Plate 3 104 The Mount Rogers National Recreation Area - Complete designation and protection of the proposing to acquire Cedar Island as a future (NRA) in southwest Virginia is a major destina- Appalachian Trail Corridor within forest addition to the system. tion for recreationists from across the country. proclamation boundaries. [P2-C] The USF&WS Refuge System operates under With the opening of Beartree Recreation Area in -The U.S. Forest Service's extensive collection broad goals that show concern for and identify 1982, Mount Rogers NRA can now meet substan- of cultural and archaeological data and the nation's wildlife resources for the following tially more of the ever increasing demand for artifacts should be more fully utilized by objectives: 1) to preserve, restore, and enhance forest oriented outdoor recreation. researchers, interpreters, and museums in the natural ecosystem of all species of animals In addition to the facilities mentioned above, the state. Much of this information can also and plants, including endangered or threatened the two national forests also include numerous be used in local and regional land use plan- species, 2) to perpetuate migratory bird resour- other recreation areas, hundreds of miles of ning, road and utility corridor identification, ces, 3) to preserve the natural diversity of plants rivers, streams, and trails, 12 wilderness areas, and in the environmental review process. and animals, and 41 to provide an understanding and numerous areas of historical or natural [Pl-H] for wildlife ecology and man's role in his environ- significance. The availability of these areas and -Manage abandoned railroad rights-of-way ment while offering refuge visitors safe, whole- facilities has made the National Forests major for trail use if located in or adjacent to Na- some, and enjoyable recreational experiences. recreational focal points. tional Forest boundaries, [Pi-D] The planning for both wildlife and nonwildlife Planning coordination between the Forest oriented recreation opportunities is approached Service and the Commonwealth has been very - Provide a managed system of roads and from the point of view that the amount of recrea- successful. The Department of Conservation and trails open to off-road vehicles. [Pi-C] tion provided should be determined by the capac- Recreation is given the opportunity to review and ity of an area to provide a quality recreation comment on all Forest Service composite plans experience, and not its ability to accommodate prior to finalization. In turn, Forest Supervisors National Wildlife Refuges quantity. are invited to review and provide input during The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USF&WS) The service has recently narrowed its interpre- various stages of the preparation of The Virginia manages 14 units containing 110,000 acres in tation of refuge system goals and objectives, Outdoors Plan. These valuable coordination Virginia, consisting of wildlife refuges and which in some cases has led to limited public efforts have facilitated a smooth working national fish hatcheries. Although the refuge access. The USF&WS should make its facilities relationship, which helps to maximize recreation areas are managed primarily to provide habitat available for wildlife compatible forms of recrea- services, facilities, and opportunities. and protection for migratory waterfowl, they also tion such as beach use, hiking, birdwatching, Recommendations provide significant outdoor recreation opportun- photography, fishing, picnicking, and other The U.S. Forest Service should: ities. In certain instances, some hunting is al- activities. lowed on some of the refuges. The Virginia Outdoors Plan encourages the � Provide additional access to water resources In 1987 the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service continued provision of both wildlife and compat- on National Forest land. [Pi-C] obtained title to the Cape Charles Air Force ible nonwildlife oriented recreation opportunities � Better publicize National Forest recreation Station at the southern end of Northampton on the refuges in Virginia. There are at least two opportunities. [P2-G] County on Virginia's Eastern Shore. The significant opportunities where the U.S. Fish and USF&WS plans to use the developed section of Wildlife Service can consider increasing the � Develop the Mount Rogers National Recrea- the property for a national training center while availability of its resources for compatible uses tion Area to its planned capacity. [Pl-C] undeveloped areas will continue to be managed by Virginians and out-of-state visitors. These � Designate qualifying National Forest Scenic as a component of the refuge system. The service two opportunities are: 1) Back Bay Wildlife Byways and study potential of these roads has also been negotiating to acquire some of the Refuge in Virginia Beach is in close proximity to for inclusion in the Virginia byways system. barrier islands in the vicinity of the Cape Charles almost one million residents and could assimilate [Pi-H, P2-F] Refuge in order to expand that unit. They are also adclitional use, and 2) Presquile Wildlife Refuge 105 in the Richmond area is close to a large urban population, but is generally inaccessible to the public. @fd The 1987 Virginia Outdoor Recreation De- 77777, @TNIX'74` inand Update shows a demand for over 50,000,000 activity days of ocean swimming and A% -state demand is beach use. Much of this in imported into the Hampton Roads/Virginia Beach area from all over the Commonwealth The the USFWS announced a proposal to study' possible expansion of Back Bay National W ildlife Refuge to the north and west. The study area -14 X, contains almost 8,500 acres, and includes land A west of Sandbridge, as well as lands along the western shore of Back Bay. The USFWS must i consider the continuation of existing public 4 access and recreation activity and the expansion A@ of compatible recreational opportunity, which can be accommodated within the area without access to False Cape State Park. Appropriate f also continue to work toward the resolution of adversely affecting the wildlife habitat. It should access through the refuge will allow the park to accommodate much of the recreation demand directed toward the refuge. Presquile National Wildlife Refuge on the Recommendations James River near Richmond offers a unique -Work with the National Park Service t opportunity for city dwellers to observe wildlife The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service should: ensure that as much of the Assateague Na- in close proximity to an urban environment. This - Improve ferry service to PresqUile National tional Seashore as possible remains available Refuge is on an island in the James River and, Wildlife Refuge. [PI-C] for the public's recreational use. [Pi-C] although there are a number of existing internal * Increase the accessibility to wildlife refuges -Move to implement the alternatives identified roads and trails which could accommodate in the Master Plan for the Great Dismal additional pedestrian traffic, the only access to for compatible outdoor recreation activities, Swamp National Wildlife Refuge. The envi- the island is via a ferry operated by the Fish and [Pi-C] ronmental review process for this plan was Wildlife Service. The Fish and Wildlife Service - Complete an equitable land exchange at False completed in 1987. The USF&WS full man- should consider improving the ferry by providing Cape between the Department of Conserva- agement alternatives direct a number of scheduled service to Presquile Island. Additional tion and Recreation and the LJ.S. Fish and actions that are aimed toward wildlife and parking at the ferry landing and an expanded Wildlife Service which will allow appropri- public benefits. [PI-C] 44- public information program would be helpful in ate wildlife management while increasing making this resource more accessible and usable recreational access to False Cape State Park. by area recreationists. See map on page 109. [Pi-B, PI-C] 106 Other Federal Areas and surrounding communities when there are no for other forms of outdoor recreation. The De- Programs conflicts with troop recreational activities or partment of Defense, FeWgDizing the importance training. The other army installations encompass of providing diversified recreational facilities for in addition to those areas already discussed, almost 34,000 acres of which nearly 1000 acres its personnel, maintains a wide variety of quality federal agencies administer a variety of other are designated for outdoor recreation use by indoor and outdoor recreational opportunities at areas and programs which contribute to the military personnel, dependents, and guests. The most military installations. In many cases, the outdoor recreation picture in Virginia. U.S. Navy has nine installations in Virginia, surrounding communities are permitted to use totaling about 48,000 acres. Of this total, over 200 some on-post recreational facilities. Often, re- Other agencies of the federal government acres contain outdoor recreation facilities. creational programs become a major focal point administer over 426,000 acres of land and water The U.S. Marine Corps operates the QuantiGo for the base's community relations activities. in the Commonwealth. Of this total, Flannagan, Marine Base. in Prince William County. It is the In 1981, Fort A.P. Hill first opened its gates to Kerr, and Philpott reservoirs, operated by the policy of the base to allow a percentage of all over 30,000 scouts for a national Boy Scout Army Corps of Engineers, make the greatest hunting and fishing permits on the 54,000 acres to jamboree. Another jamboree was held there in contribution to Virginia's recreation picture. be made available to the general public. 1985. These events have been so popular with the These reservoirs provide 35,000 acres of land and scouts and successful for the Army, that an 64,000 acres of water, for a total of 99,000 acres of This site is probably the closest available agreement has been reached to hold future jam- recreational areas. Traditionally, Corps projects hunting lands to the heavily populated Northern borees at the base. were designed for navigation and flood control. Virginia area. The remaining military installa- However, broadened legislative authority now tions in Virginia consist of' an air force base, an Obtaining adequate outdoor recreation inven- requires that full consideration be Uiven to air force station, one National Aeronautical and tory, data from military installations has been a multiple purpose developments including recrea- Space Administration (NASA) facility, and eight prohleni. This is partly due to the fact that tion, fish and wildlife conservation, hydroelectric Coast Guard stations, with a total of 5,700 acres, responsibilities for recreation facilities and power, water supply, and preservation and of which about 150 are devoted to outdoor recre- programs are divided among two or three offices enhancement of natural beauty. Beginning in ation facilities. at each installation. The Recreation Service 1982, the Army Corps of Engineers turned over In the last few years, the Plum Tree Island Officer usually has charge of sport fields, game operation responsibility for two of its reservoirs, Bornhing Range, Cape Charles Air Force Station courts, swimming pools, and other similar facili- North Fork of the Pound and Lake Moomaw, to and three other small siles have been acquired by ties, while the Post Engineer and/or the Wildlife the U.S. Forest Service. These reservoirs are the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for operation and Fish Section oversees hunting, fishing, pic- within the boundaries of national forests. as wildlife refuges. nicking, and natural areas. The U.S. Army has nine installations in Vir- The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) achnin- Since the Surplus Property Act, PI, 91-485, ginia, encompassing over 188,000 acres. Fort A.P. isters 2,000 acres of water and about 40 acres of' was passed in 1970, approximately 4,300 acres of Hill and Fort Pickett, two of the larger posts, have recreation land on the Virginia portion of the federal surplus property have been transferred to a combined acreage of 154,000. Of this total, some South Holston Reservoir. Additionally, the TVA the Commonwealth for park and recreation 122,000 acres are open to public hunting by coordinates with the Department of Game and purposes. Of this total, approximately 300 acres special permit. Both installations have numerous Inland Fisheries in the provision of improved have been accepted by state agencies and about small lakes and ponds which, when the military public access to those rivers in Southwest Vir- 4,000 acres have gone to cities and counties. mission of the post does not require their closure, ginia which are within the Tennessee Valley. The Department of'Conservation and Recrea- are open to the public, subject to post regulations tion is responsible for assessing Virginia's out- and user fees. These two installations are prima- Of the military lands in Virginia, over 176,000 door recreation and open space needs. The trans- rily used for reserve training. However, at times, acres are frequently available for public hunting fer of federal surplus properties to the state, or post recreation facilities are made available to and fishing, while about 1100 acres are available 107 one of its political subdivisions, affects these needs. Currently, there are some improvements that need to be made in the administration of the federal surplus property program, A frequently encountered problem is that of obtaining adequate property descriptions and maps, Often the only descriptions provided are those delineating the property boundaries and structures. No indication of the physical condi tion of the land is available. This is further compounded by the fact that readable location maps are seldom provided on the property. Another problem is the absence of notification of final disposition on properties that have been declared surplus to federal needs. Because the transfer of these properties affects the outdoor recreational needs picture, the Department should be notified at the time of deed transfer. In addition, a problem has resulted from the cut-rent administration's policy of requiring recipients of surplus property to pay fair market value for the 4 land. This places the taxpayer in the position of having to pay twice for the use of a piece of real estate. Recommendations � The National Park Service should coordinate with the Department of Defense in the devel- opment of a process whereby the state can of recreational land and facilities available for quate recreational opportunities. In thi obtain accurate recreation area and facility public use wherever possible. [Pi-C] regard, the National Park Service should inventory information. [Pi-H, P2-G] Greater impetus should be given Public Law assume the lead coordinating role in develop- � The National Park Service should work with 90-465, which authorizes the Secretary of ing agreements between the Department of the General Services Administration to Defense to carry out a program for the "devel- Defense and the Commonwealth of Virginia ensure that usable property descriptions and which would make military lands more location maps accompany federal surplus opment, enhancement, operation, and main- available for public outdoor recreation use. tenance of public Outdoor recreation resour- property notifications and that involved state ce I [PI-C] agencies are notified of surplus property title s at military reservations' Such an effort transfers. [Pl-H, P2-G] would not only be beneficial in meeting the The Tennessee Valley Authority should con- a, IL outdoor recreation needs of the general pub- tinue to provide access to major streams � The Department of Defense should assess its lic, but would also ensure that military within the Virginia portion of the Tennessee holdings in Virginia and increase the amount personnel and dependents are offered ade- River Watershed. [P1 -C, Pi-F] 108 OTHER FEDERAL AREAS ATE LINE ----- ST COUNTY LINES CITY LIMITS 3 35 14, 15 18 3X8 19 4_" i '20 27 e> 22 25 3 t 31 & 1. WOODBRIDGE RESEARCH FACILITY 10. SUANTICO MARINE BASE 21. FORT MONROE 31. COAST GUARD U.S. ARMY S. MARINE CORPS U.S. ARMY U.S. COAST GUARD 2. U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 11 - VINT HILL FARM MILITARY RESERVATION 22. CHANEY ISLAND FUEL DEPOT 32. FENTRESS LANDING FIELD RESEARCH CENTER 12. FORT BELVOIR U.S. NAVY U.S. NAVY (REMOUNT STATION) 13. OAHLGREN NAVAL PROVING GROUNDS 23. COAST GUARD STATION-NORFOLK 33. U.S. NAVAL RESERVATION 3. SOUTH HOLSTON RESERVOIR U.S. NAVY U.S. COAST GUARD 34. CAPE CHARLES AIR FORCE BASE TVA. 14. CAMP PERRY 24. PORTSMOUTH COAST GUARD BASE U.S. AIR FORCE 4. RADFORD ARSENAL 15. U.S. ARMY SUPPLY CENTER U.S. COAST GUARD 35. WALLOPS ISLAND & WALLOPS STATION U.S. ARMY CHEATHAM ANNEX 25. NORFOLK NAVY SHIPYARD NASA 5. PHILPOTT RESERVOIR 16. YORKTOWN WEAPONS STATION U.S. NAVY 36. FORT EUSTIS CORPS OF ENGINEERS U.S. NAVY 26. LITTLE CREEK AMPHIBIOUS BASE U.S. ARMY 6. BUGG$ ISLAND LAKE 17. COAST BOARD TRAINING CENTER U,S. NAVY 37. NORFOLK NAVAL AIR STATION KERR RESERVOIHJ U.S. COAST GUARD 27. FORT STORY U.S. NAVY EORIPS OF ENGINE RS 18. PLUM TREE ISLAND U.S. ARMY 38. JOHN W. FLANNAGAN RES, 7. FORT PICKETT BOMBING RANGE 28. OCEANA NAVAL AIR STATION CORPS OF ENGINEERS U.S. ARMY 19. LANGLEY AIR FORCE BASE U.S. ARMY 8. FORT LEE U.S. AIR FORCE 29. AMPHIBIOUS BASE U.S. ARMY 20. GROUP STATION-HAMPTON ROADS U.S. NAVY 9. FORT A. P. HILL U.S. COAST GUARD 30. DAN NECK FLEET TRAINING CENTER U.S. ARMY U.S. NAVY Plate 4 109 State Parks In the early 1930s, through the efforts of the Civilian Conservation Corps, many recreational sites and facilities were developed in Virginia. Six of these sites were brought into Virginia's newly established state park system in 1936. Over the years, as Virginia's recreational and open space needs increased, the system ex- panded and developed. By 1964, it had -rown to 'A include nine state parks, three recrealional areas, several historic sites, and seven natural areas. In 1965, Virginia's Common Wealth, a report of % the Virginia Outdoor Recreation Study Commis- sion, was released. This report was cornmissi- oned by the General Assembly for the expressed purpose of evaluating the demands of Virginians for outdoor recreation and the capability of the state's resources for meeting those demands. One major finding of that report was: rhe opportunities for enjoyment (of outdoor recreation) are severely limited by inadequate facilities and by a threatened and diminishing supply of enjoyable lands and water. Espe- 51,083 acres, including approximately 258 acres and operational funding. cially urgent is the need fora program of land of the AppalachianTrail through Virginia. Of the acquisition for major enlargement of our state 14 new park sites acquired, 13 have been opened The importance of our state park system in park system, which now falls far short of for public vise. Thus, the state now has a total of meeting recreational needs in Virginia can be meeting the demand of our own citizens and of 24 operating state parks. seen by comparing opportunities provided by our visitors to Virginia." state parks with the table on page 90, which Although significant progress has been Made, shows the most popular outdoor recreation This study helped to focus new emphasis on the there is still a shortage of adequately developed activities participated in by Virginians. Six of the continued development and expansion of the state park facilities. Five previously unopened top ten activities - sunbathing/beach use, swim- state park system. parks have gone into operation within the past ming, picnicking, fishing, hiking, and camping - Over the past 23 years, the Division of State six years. However, facility development at all are specifically provided for at nearly all operat- Parks has continued its efforts to acquire and five should he significantly increased as soon as ing state parks. These activities are increasing in protect significant natural resources while pro- possible. Priority should also be placed on devel- popularity and are ones for which the participant viding opportunities for meeting recreational opin8 sufficient facilities to accommodate public is willing to drive an hour or more. Two of the needs. During this time, 14 major state park sites use at the one state park site that has been other top ten activities - bicycling and jogging were acquired, bringing the total system to 24 acquired but not made available for public use. - also occur within our state parks. Boating and parks, six historic sites, seven natural areas and Acquiring significant natural resources however canoeing are popular activities, and are available one conference center with a combined to@al of will continue to be a challenge; the problem at many of the parks. In addition, opportunities remains one of obtaining sufficient development for hunters are provided at several parks through '110 the provision of camping facilities and access trail to hunting lands. In some instances, through cooperative arrangements with the Department of Game and Inland Fisheries, state park lands are availahfe for hunting. It has become evident that, in addition to protecting significant segments of our state's natural heritage, our parks also are. prime provid- ers of the most desired types of recreational opportunities. It is essential, therefore, that the. state continue to bring on-line those acquired but unopened park sites and offer, wherever compat- ible, those activities people traditionally expect from our parks. Consideration should he given to the development of cooperative relationships with local and regional governments to develop plans or programs to meet special needs. The natural resources within the various components of the state park system afford excellent opportunities for environmental educa- tion. Programs on the natural environment, t consisting of talks, walks, and exploratory activities, are provided in most state parks. Self- guided interpretive traits and specially identified natural areas, set aside for environmental educa- tion purposes, are also present within the state park system. Virginia's state park facilities provide invalua- ble natural and recreational resources for resi- dents and visitors. Although lands and facilities have been added in the past years, the full poten- tial of the system for meeting recreational needs is undeveloped. There are not only opportunities for the improvement and expansion of existing facilities, but also for the development of sites currently not open to the public. The challenge is -4 to develop the potential while protecting and preserving the natural environment. In view of this the following recommendations are. made. STATE PARKS EXISTING PARKS-ACQUIRED OR BEING ACQUIRED 0 EXISTING HISTORICAL PROPERTIES PROPOSED PARKS SKY -MEADOW EORGE WASHINGTON GRISTMILL MASOt@,NE'c' LEESYLVANIA CALEDON TM RELAND 9 c. @-M @AAKE AN 00OUTHAT V c. N ,@BEAR REEK LAKE'r-,-. Y-* IVER CeID'AY LAKE BREAKS INTERSTATE PAR' 'o _-POCI@RONVA rp "iNTIAKES d6 Tw LXY'TO KE RAIL W/ SAYLER'S CR@fiK_ 'EW,RIVER T IT NTAIN i-.N OW. SIX -TLEFIELD SEASHORE SOLIT @EST@-_ LAKE VIRGINI MUKFEUI@ S H OT_ T R K P413<, HISTOMCALR FALSE CAPE 1. PUNGOTTEAGUE CO. 4. CEDAR CREEK 7. RAPIDAN RIVER 9. POTOMAC RIVER- 2. BLACKWATER RIVER 5. JAMES RIVER-LYNCHBURG B. RAPPAHANNOCK RIVER- NORTHUMBERLAND COUNTY 3. EASTERN SHORE 6. MATHEWS COUNTY LANCASTER COUNTY 10. SHENANDOAH RIVER 11. JAMES RIVER NEAR RICHMOND Plate 5 112 The site should be suitable for meeting a variety of the popular outdoor recreational activities identified in The Virginia Out- doors Plan. There must be adequate access to the park area. MASTER PLANNING is needed in all of our state parks. Many of the existing park mas- ter plans do not meet the current standards developed by the Department of General Services. If the Division of State Parks is to 'Xi be able to balance the conservation of signif icant natural resources of the Common- wealth with the provision of recreational opportunities, and coexist with the urban growth in eastern Virginia, master planning must be a priority in the next five years. [Pi- B, Pi-1] V35 00 PERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE (O&M). Existing state parks must be pro- tected from use, overuse, and misuse. Staf- fing, equipment, and supplies for mainte CAY V nance of state parts must be the number one Reconunendations 5) Chesapeake Bay Site On Middle priority. Our citizens cannot be served with- ACQUISITION OF STATE PARK LANDS Peninsula out a reasonable number of on-site em- should be a top priority over the next five 6) James River - Near Lynchburg ployees and seasonal help. years. Diminishing availability of undeve- 7) Cedar Creek - SheDandoah/Frederick User fees should be examined to determine loped land with significant natural and County their appropriateness and adjusted to reflect the recreational resources means that prime sites 8) Rapidan River - Madison/Orange County quality of facilities and services provided at may be lost if not acquired in the immediate 9) Potomac River - Northumberland County individual parks. It should not be the goal of the future. [Pi-B, Pi-C] 10) Black Water River - Suffolk state park system to be a totally user supported Following is a list in priority order of the 10 Should the opportunity arise for the state to profit-making endeavor, nor should it be a totally areas which should be targeted for state park acquire a new park site, the following criteria subsidized enterprise. A successful pricing acquisition: should be considered: structure should: 1) Eastern Shore - The site should contain a natural feature of - Take into account local demographics. 2) Rappahannock River - Lower statewide significance. - Reflect the level of development/activities in 3) Shenandoah River - Page, Warren, and - The site must be consistent with the mis- the park. Clark County sion, goals, and objectives of the Division of - Provide a measure of control in heavy use 4) James River - Near Richmond State Parks. areas and an incentive for use during off 113 periods and at underutilized facilities. agement agreements on lands owned by other able size trout annually in over 1,000 miles of Help the system reach a specified level of government and nongovernment entities and by streams. Fish for both stream and lake stocking self-sufficiency. the acquisition and management of wildlife programs are produced at nine hatcheries oper- management areas. Through its Game Division, ated by the Fish Division. Collectively, these However, such a fee structure should not create the Department cooperatively manages wildlife hatcheries produce about 20 million stockable unfair competition between the state park and on about 2,000,000 acres of land owned by the fish each year. surrounding private facilities. [Pi-B, Pl-G, P1-I, U.S. Forest Service, Corps of Engineers, Depart- Another water related program administered P2-D] ment of Defense, Virginia Department of For- by the Department is the Boating Access Pro- FACILITY DEVELOPMENT AND RENO- estry, Virginia Department of Conservation and gram. Designed to provide the public with better VATION. During the next five years, empha- Recreation, and a number of private corporations. recreational access to Virgin4s abundant water The Department also owns and manages 33 resources, the program has provided 176 access sis should be placed on completion of devel- wildlife management areas comprising some locations, greatly enhancing the recreation op- opments at a minimum of three parks. 176,400 acres. Potential sites include Smith Mountain Lake, portunities on thousands of acres of reservoirs Lake Anna, Caledon, Leesylvania, Sky Mea- Because approximately 801/6 of Virginia's wild- and hundreds of miles of rivers and streams. The dows, Mason Neck, False Cape, Occonee- life habitat is in private ownership, the Depart- Governor's Chesapeake Bay initiatives will pro- chee, and New River Trail State Parks. This ment operates a Game Management Assistance vide more emphasis in Bay and tidal river access. should include expanding the technical staff Program to aid private landowners in developing to facilitate the capital outlay process re- proper game management techniques. In 1981, the General Assembly passed an act which enables taxpayers to donate a portion of quired for the completion of the proposed When ranked by total number of participants, their tax return to the Endangered Species and developments. [Pi-B, Pl-G, P2-B] fishing is the seventh most popular outdoor Nongame Wildlife Fund administered by the recreation activity in Virginia. In order to in- Department of Game and Inland Fisheries. Since crease and enhance sport fishing opportunities in that time, over $3,000,000 has been devoted to State Fish and Wildlife the Commonwealth, the Department's Fish Divi- this program. The major thrust of the effort has Management sion administers a comprehensive fisheries been to speed the recovery of endangered and management program on most of the public threatened wildlife. It is also designed to monitor The Department of Game and Inland Fisheries inland waters of the state. Through this program, other species to prevent them from becoming has statutory responsibility for the manage t the Department has constructed and maintains threatened or endangered and enhance the pub- of the state's wildlife and inland fisheries. Addi- 26 public fishing lakes totalling some 3,331 acres. lic's understanding of the needs of all nongame tionatly, the Game Department is vested with In addition, the Department has entered into wildlife. In 1987, the Department published the specific authority to take positive steps to pro- cooperative agreements to manage fishery re- first list of wildlife found to be endangered in sources owned by the Blue Ridge Parkway, the Virginia. vide opportunities for the recreational use of fish and wildlife resources by acquiring and develop- "epartment of Conservation and Recreation, the ing lands and waters for public hunting and Department of Defense, the Corps of Engineers, Since 1982, the Department has been involved fishing. The following programs illustrate the the U.S. Forest Service, and a number of counties in the development, implementation, and mainte- various ways in which the Game Department and municipalities. These contracts include 15 nance of the Commonwealth's computerized Fish pursues these responsibilities. reservoirs and over 100 small impoundments and and Wildlife Information Systems (FWISJ. The comprise over 200,000 acres of impounded water. primary system currently contains information Virginians spend almost 7,000,000 activity Further, the Division is responsible for fishery on over 1,070 vertebrates and invertebrates found days annually sport hunting. The Department resources in over 2,000 miles of native trout in Virginia and is used routinely by the agency helps satisfy the demand for hunting opportuni- streams and 30,000 miles of warm water rivers for a variety of tasks. The FWIS are used mainly ties through a combination of cooperative man- and streams. They stock about one million catch- in environmental reviews and assessments, 114 prioritization of research efforts and resource 6 allocations, and as planning tools for agency and area management plans. However, the manipula- T"Y' tive capab ilities of the database management package, and the plotting routines available, enable the Department to use the system for a wide variety of applications. One example is the agency s use of the FWIS to assist in the develop- ment of the state endangered species list. The Fish and Wildlife Information Systems' primary system, Biota of Virginia (BOVA), in- cludes information on taxonomy, status, county level and other distribution, habitat associations, food habits, environmental associations, life history, and effects of management practices for -1,077 species. There are currently over 300 fields of information in a given species account, permit- tmg sorting and retrieval of data in a variety of ways. Taxa covered include fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals, aquatic mollusca, crustaceans, and insects, terrestrial insects and other invertebrates, and marine mammals. Spe- cies information is supported by literature cita- tion, with over 8,500 bibliographic references being maintained in the faunal reference informa- tion system. V Other systems in the FWIS contain informa- tion on dam and cave locations; species ranking; breeding bird distributions from the Virginia The Department attempts to make the data in tion Systems Project, Virginia Council on Breeding Bird Atlas Project; fish collection re- the FWIS available to as many users as possible Environment, and Virginia Department of Con- cords from Dr. Robert Jenkins, Roanoke College; and cooperates with a variety of agencies and servation and Recreation. The Virginia Depart- point occurrences for selected species (digitized organizations. This includes: the Virginia De- ment of Game and Inland Fisheries was able to from USGS 7.5' topographic maps); NPDES partment of Agriculture, Virginia Department of provide the Virginia Natural Heritage Program permit locations from the State Water Control Mines, Minerals and Energy, U.S. Forest Service, with all of the FWIS data (informational and Board; and stream surveys for some of the cold- regional/local planning boards; Virginia Marine locational) for rare/threatened/endangered fauna water and all of the warmwater streams, includ- Resources Commission, Virginia Department of in Virginia when the program was started. As ing qualitative and quantitative data. Plotting Transportation, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the legal authority for most of the fish and capabilities allow for the overlaying of multiple Pennsylvania Game Commission, Maryland wildlife in Virginia, the Department routinely Z7 layers of information on a given map, assisting Department of Natural Resources, Tennessee responds to approximately 15-25 requests for Department staff, and outside users, in research, Wildlife Resources Agency, Chesapeake Bay faunal information or environmental reviews per planning, and review. Program, Multi-State Fish and Wildlife Informa- week for over 800 per year. 115 STATE VALDLIFE MANAGEMENTAREAS EXISTING PROPOSED @N N, WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT AREAS (9 PUBLIC FISHING LAKES 2346 2, STATE LINE 1250',24 COUNTY LINES -10 OF kllt@ to CITY LIMITS 27-21, 16 26 -52 15 9 60 14 (3-300 0,3, 33 13 2",-,"/ 341, m32-, 17 35S "36 10' @p 5& 5.6 4 3 4@ ,2 e 5 47 436@ 08 390 vo 57 4V 9 ',41 04 i40 6 \,,@ f @' i 7 44' 45% 6 10. HAVENS WMA 2& G. RICHARD THOMPSON WMA 30. LAKE ALBEMARLE 4& GORDON LAKE 50. CHICKANDMINY WMA 1. KEOKEE LAKE 11. GATHRIGHT WMA 21. LAKE FAIRFAX 31. FLUVANNA-RURITAN LAKE 41. BRUNSWICK COUNTY LAKE 51. SAME FARM MARSH WMA 2. SCOTT-WISE LAKE 12. LAKE ROBERTSON 22. LAKE BURKE 32. HARDWARE RIVER WMA 42. SUSSEX COUNTY LAKE 52. LANDS END WMA 3. CLINCH MOUNTAIN WMA 13. GOSHEN WMA 23. LAKE BRITTLE 33. NELSON COUNTY LAKE 43. AIRFIELD LAKE 53. MOCKHOHN WMA & LAUREL BED LAKE 14. LITTLE NORTH MOUNTAIN WMA 24. PRINCE WILLIAM COUNTY LAKE 34. JAMES RIVER WMA ". BLACKWATER WMA 54. SAXIS WMA 4. HIDDEN VALLEY WMA & LAKE 15. HIGHLAND WMA 25. WESTON WILDLIFE REFUSE 35. POWHATAN WMA & LAKE 45. ELM HILL WMA 55. KITTEWAN WMA 5. RURAL RETREAT LAKE 16. LAKE SHENANDOAH 26. RAPIDAN WMA 36. AMELIA WMA 46. POCAHONTAS & TROJAN WMA 56. SMITH MOUNTAIN WMA 6. CROOKED CREEK WMA 17. HORSEPEN WMA 27. CHESTER F. PHELPS WMA 37@ BRIERY CREEK WMA & LAKE 47. RAGGED ISLAND WMA 57. TURKEYCOCK MOUNTAIN WMA 7. FAIRYSTORE FARMS VINIA 18. FREDERICK COUNTY LAKE 28. LUNOA RESERVOIR 38. NOTTOWAY COUNTY LAKE 48. ESSEX COUNTY PFL 58. GGROYS MILL POND PFL 8. LAKE BURTON 19. LOUDOUN COUNTY LAKE 29. ORANGE COUNTY LAKE 39. CONNOR LAKE 49. ROG ISLAND WMA 59. CHANDLERS MILL POND PFL 9. WHITE OAK MTN WMA 60. PETTIGREW WMA Plate 6 116 The vast amount of natural resources owned W and managed by the Came Department offers a variety of recreational opportunities. Additional development could provide other facilities, such as hiking trails, primitive campsites or bridle paths for horseback riding, but they must be carefully planned. Primary consideration must k- be given to the original purpose of these areas, which is the management of wildlife. New fund- ing sources will have to be found through hunting 01i" and fishing licenses for such developments that PA benefit the segment of the public who do not contribute to the maintenance of these areas. e Recommendations � The Department of Game and Inland Fisher- ies should continue to emphasize the provi- _N sion of improved recreational access to the state's water resources. [Pi-C, Pi-F] � The Department should expand trail facili- ties and primitive camping opportunities within their existing wildlife management areas. [Pi-C] � The Department should acquire additional public hunting lands with emphasis on areas east of the Blue Ridge. [Pi-C] � Lands acquired with nongame funds should tive agreements with appropriate agencies to The Department should investigate leased or be made available for outdoor recreation share natural resource data and computer- joint management of facilities with other activities and connected to the Greenways based information. [P2-A] state and local agencies, i.e.: boat launching network, when feasible. [Pi-C] - The Department should determine the eco- ramps and campgrounds. [P2-A] �The Department should develop a coopera- nomic impact of its resources on the economy tive agreement with the Appalachian Trail of Virginia and within each locality. [P2-F] State Forests Conference and the maintaining clubs to - The Department should emphasize protec- provide technical assistance on game man- tion of the trout stream resource which is Starting with a gift of .589 acres in 1919, Vir- agement issues for property managed by the presently threatened by acid precipitation. ginia's state forest system now consists of over Conference. [P2-AJ [Pi-C] 50,000 acres in 10 forest units. The majority of � The Department should continue its active this land has been donated to the state by the support of OPERATION RESPECT. [P2-HJ The Department should continue its develop- federal government and private individuals. The ment of plans for an urban fishing program. system is managed by the Department of For- � The Department should maintain coopera- [Pi-C] estry which became a department-level agency 117 Department operates three tree nurseries which by action of the 1987 General Assembly. The A *4 together produce in excess of 100,000,000 see- dlings annually. The 10 state forests play a substantial role in meeting educational and recreational demand. They are managed for multiple-use including watershed protection, recreation, timber produc- tion, applied forest research programs, wildlife and fisheries management. The four largest forests provide the resource base for the state W> parks within them which round out recreation opportunities by providing camping, picnicking, interpretive, and swimming facilities. Natural areas have been designated at 10 locations within the forest system. These areas, consisting of over 320 acres, have been set aside for environmental studies and protection. The wildlife and fishery resources on the state forests are managed through a cooperative agree- ment with the Department of Game and Inland Fisheries. The success of this partnership is clearly evidenced by the popularity the state forests have with hunters, fishermen and nature lovers throughout the state. 4 The majority of the state forest acreage is concentrated in the Central Piedmont region between Richmond and Lynchburg. Acquisition of additional units in southeastern Virginia is under consideration. Existing and potential areas -Coordinate with and seek the assistance of land available for public use. [P2-H] are shown on plate 7, page 119. trail and river clubs to develop forest trails - Enter into or maintain cooperative agree- Recommendations and publish trail maps for each state forest. ments to support the natural resource data The Department of Forestry should: [Pi-C, P2-A, P2-GJ base being developed by the Natural Herit- place emphasis on Best Management Prac- -Continue to acquire inholdings and other age Program. [P2-A] tices and management of forest land for properties to straighten out boundary lines - Enter into a cooperative agreement with the properties adjoining the recreation systems and improve management. [Pi-C] Appalachian Trail Conference to provide identified in The Virginia Outdoors Plan, i.e., - Work with private forest landowners to technical assistance and support for the Scenic Rivers, Virginia Byways, Natural promote OPERATION RESPECT-principles management of the forest resource base on Areas Act. [P2-E] which could result in making more private A.T. Conference managed lands. [P2-A] 118 STATE FORESTS ----- STATE UNE ...... COUNTY LINES CITY LIMITS EXISTING FOREST AY POTENTIAL FOREST C) 4 RO N SN Bi ITNE PAUL ZQA -,SNE KING EEN CUTTER CUMERLAND" D O'R ARD ARD @POC,AkO@TA-, A om -TOX- S F, E ARD Pe AT M- BUCKI@GHA cillippo" S 'A BQUR@ASSA AeE, @--PRMCE EDWARD, GALLION Plate 7 119 Virginia Historic Landmarks- tered landmarks, historic buildings, and properties of historic, architectural, and archaeo- properties. logical significance, guaranteeing in perpetuity Virginia's historic landmarks are not normally - Conducting full-scale archaeological excava their survival in compatible settings. considered in outdoor recreation planning stud- tions and maintaining facilities for the pres- Under provisions of the federal tax laws, the ies of supply, demand, and needs. They are ervation of recovered artifacts. Department of Historic Resources has certified however, significant contributing features to the -Directing the state highway historical over 200 rehabilitation projects with a combined state's cultural, scenic, and recreational resour- total private investment of over $20,000,000. As a ces. As such, they draw each year several million markers program. result of its survey and register programs, the visitors who enjoy the many historic sites *Working with other state agencies, local agency has expedited the environmental review throughout the Commonwealth. governments, and volunteer groups to con- of thousands of construction projects while The preservation of our historic, architectural, duct preservation programs. protecting Virginia's historic resources. and archaeological resources has been assigned Additionally, the Department functions as Recommendations by the General Assembly to the Department of liaison with the federal historic preservation Historic Resources (DHR). The primary role of program. Under the National Historic Preserva- The Department of Historic Resources the DHR is to identify and to encourage the tion Act, the Department of Historic Resources is should evaluate those historic properties preservation of Virginia's great wealth of historic, charged with nominating Virginia landmarks to administered by public or quasi-public agen- architectural, and archaeological resources. Prior the National Register of Historic Places, and cies to determine the possibility of compati- to creation of the Virginia Historic Landmarks preparing the comprehensive statewide preser- ble recreational uses and alert the Depart- Board (VHLB) in 1966, most preservation work vation plan. The agency also evaluates the histor- ment of Conservation and Recreation to was done by private individuals, groups, or ical significance of properties as well as the those that they feel may have potential. [Pi- societies. The accomplishments of the Associa- appropriateness of rehabilitation work under the C, P2-AJ tion for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities, terms of the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981. The Department of Conservation and Recre- the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, the Na- The Department staff reviews and comments on ation should assist the Department of His- tional Trust for Historic Preservation, and many any action sponsored or funded by the federal toric Resources in determining compatible other groups and individuals have been well government which might impact on a state his- recreational uses on those properties identi- documented. The Department of Historic Resour- torical landmark. fied as having some recreational use poten- ces is responsible for: Proper management of Virginia's many his- tial. It may be that picnicking and incidental �Conducting a statewide survey of historic toric, architectural, and archaeological resources hiking and walking trails could contribute to buildings and their associated landscapes requires a current, comprehensive, statewide the visitor enjoyment of the site and provide and archaeological sites. inventory. This bank of information maintained additional recreational opportunity. [P2-E] � Publishing the official register of buildings, by the Department is a valuable planning tool for The Department of Historic Resources sites, structures, and districts with state or government agencies and private groups which should focus as a priority evaluation on those national historic significance. provides documentation of historically signifi- resources adjacent to lands or waters identi- cant properties. To date, surveys and assess- fied as an element of The Virginia Outdoors � Designating registered landmarks with ments have been completed on more than 49,000 Plan recreation systems. [Pi-C] plaques. structures and more than 20,000 archaeological � Accepting preservation easements on sites si .tes in the Commonwealth. Nearly 1,250 indi- -The Department of Historic Resources and landscapes of historic significance. vidual buildings, structures, and sites have been should continue to provide technical assis- enrolled in the Virginia Landmarks Register, as tance on the management and maintenance � Establishing and promoting uniform stan- well as over 140 historic districts. The Depart- of historic properties to include the site and dards for the care and management of regis- ment has acquired easements on nearly 110 its landscape elements. [Pi-H] 120 Or 1'1@ 47 -n@5 lo, lv@ It A t rJ, v @4@4 - @@ I 01 QL V'i J-4, -OV"J kx t-st 1@1@_ 4V 4- Tel 4 - *J@ Conservation Easements A conservation easement is a restriction on the tinued presence of valuable open spacelands use of land granted by a landowner in the form of without the commitment of government funds Realizing the need to promote a public policy of a deed to a public agency or a private conserva- otherwise required for purchase and manage- open space preservation in the face of rapid tion organization. In Virginia, conservation ment of land identified for preservation. Ease- urbanization, the 1966 General Assembly created easements granted to public bodies have pro- ment protected land produces a public benefit the Virginia Outdoors Foundation for the pur- duced advantages for the landowners and the while remaining in private ownership, in produc- pose of encouraging private gifts of money, public. A landowner who gives an easement on a tion of food and fiber, and on the tax rolls. securities, land, or other properties in order to tract of land is assured that the land will remain The 1966 General Assembly also passed the preserve open space resources. Since its creation, as he has known it, in its undeveloped state. In Open Space Land Act which authorized all the Foundation has solicited 206 easements on addition to enjoying uses of the land permitted public landholding bodies in Virginia to use over 46,000 acres of open space, and protects under the easement, the landowner may benefit conservation easements. Very few agencies have another 6,000 acres through fee-simple from income, property, and estate tax reductions used the conservation easement to preserve ownership. based on the absence of development potential recreation resources. Every agency that adminis- for his land. The public is assured of the con- 122 ters a recreation resource in the Commonwealth significant state resources such as the Chesa- should take a new look at the use of easements to peake Bay, Scenic Rivers, Virginia Byways, more effectively meet their land needs. historic sites, and for the establishment of The Outdoors Foundation program of volun- greenways and trails. [Pl-C, P2-A] tary donations of easements has contributed The use of easements to provide buffer zones significantly to open space preservation in Vir- around parks and natural areas should be ginia. However, there remains a vast untapped considered wherever feasible. [Ill-B, Pi-C, potential for the use of conservation easements to P2-A] fulfill the goals of local, state, and federal conser- vation plans. The protection of scenic rivers, V trails, and scenic roads will require consideration Natural Areas of a purchase program for conservation ease- ments. Voluntary donations will continue to be The Natural Areas Program was initiated in important, but the systematic protection of the 1960. Between 1960 and 1964, five sites totaling state's resources wiII he effected only if voluntary 3,956 acres were acquired by donation to the donations are supplemented by a well planned Department of Conservation and Economic purchase program similar to that presently Development's Division of State Parks, now nearing completion along the Appalachian Trail. located in the Department of Conservation and The 1988 Session of the General Assembly Recreation. Later, in 1965 and 1975, portions o passed the Virginia Conservation Easement Act Seashore State Park and Caledon State Park, under Chapter 13.2 of Title 10 which authorizes respectively, were designated National Natural certain charitable corporations, associations, or Landmarks and added to the system, bringing trusts to acquire and hold conservation ease- the total acreage of state owned natural areas to c, recrea- 7, ments for the protection of natural, sceni '100. In addition to these designated Natura Areas, the Division of State Parks has reserved "A 0Z tional, historic, or open space values. This Act i@,' -, 04.1 spe a- will assist The Nature Conservancy, the Chesa- cific sites within its state parks for educ tional purposes. These interpretive natural areas peake Bay Foundation, and other similaz orpni- zations in protecting Virginia's common wealth. generally exhibit natural features typical of the park and are managed to maintain site quality In summary, the future emphasis of public and despite high visitor use levels. easement holding agencies should continue to be the protection of natural, scenic, historic, and The concept of Virginia Natural Areas has evolved slowly since the inauguration of t recreational resources identified for preservation he in local, state, and federal conservation plans. program. Early literature describes natural areas The present program of voluntary donations of as aesthetically, topographically, or biologically easements should be supplemented by a planned unique, and as land which has never been explo- purchase program for significant natural, cul- ited. It is important to keep in mind that the title tural, and recreational resources. "Natural Area" may be applied to a variety of resource types. At one extreme, natural areas Recommendations may he in almost pristine condition, free from any sign of human activity; and at the other Easements should be utilized in pro tecting 123 extreme, it may be nothing more than a vegetated lot within the boundaries of a city. Thus, depend- ing on who is doing the designating and the 4 intended use of the area, a natural area can be any place that is somewhat more natural than its surroundings. For the purpose of the State Natu ral Areas System, three categories of natural areas were defined: 1. Unique natural areas harbor special or unusual examples of Virginia's environment. 2. Representative natural areas exhibit fea- tures characteristic of Virginia's natural resources. 3. Interpretive natural areas which do not necessa component, but are useful for public rily exhibit any exceptional natural education. The key natural area elements are: uniqueness, educational or scientific use, and the aura of a 7 natural environment. These merge to yield a _4@ "!,A single definition: An area of land, wetland, or water which manifests a natural character, although it need In 1970, an addition to the Virginia Constitu- Natural areas already in the system or other- not be completely undisturbed, and/or which tion gave legal foundation to much environmental wise protected are shown on the map on page sustains rare or exemplary natural features legislation which subsequently became law: 129. Some areas identified as significant and characteristic of Virginia's natural heritage 11... Further it shall be the Commonwealth's needing protection are listed in each regional and which has scientific or educational value, policy to protect its atmosphere, lands, and analysis. The Heritage Program office has lists The early goal of the Virginia Natural Areas waters from pollution, impairment, or destruc- with many more sites needing protection and System reflected an awakening environmental tion for the benefit, employment, and general should be consulted by all units of government awareness which was to become "the movement" welfare of the people of the Commonwealth," before making land use decisions. of the 1960s. Beginning with the Open Space The Scenic Rivers Act of 1970 and the We- The agencies charged with the responsibility Land Act in 1966, the General Assembly author- tlands Act of 1972 have done much to protect the for the management of state owned natural areas ized local governments and park authorities to state's water resources, while the Endangered are the Department of Conservation and Recrea- acquire land/or certain land rights in order to Species Act of 1972 and the Plant and Insect tiODs Divisions of State Parks and Natural Areas preserve open space. According to this law, land Species Act of 1979 have provided legal protec- Conservation. In addition to the six State Natural may qualify for protection if it displays signifi- tion for endangered species. The Virginia Cave Areas, the Division has set aside areas within cant natural features or historic, scenic, or scien- Protection Act of 1979 provides much needed each state park which represent the natural tific qualities. protection for caves and cave dwelling species. diversity of the area. 124 The Department of Forestry has identified 10 acquisition, endangered species research, and (TVA) Regional Natural Heritage Project has sites encompassing 320 acres within state forest habitat and species inventories. The Game De- gathered natural resource data and identified boundaries which support exemplary stands of partment is responsible for the enforcement of sensitive habitats in 11 counties of southwestern the major timber types found in the Piedmont the state's Endangered and Threatened Animal Virginia. TVNs Heritage Project goals are to physiographic province. All activity is prohibited Species Act. identify and protect sensitive natural features on in these natural areas except hiking. In 1966, the Virginia Outdoors Foundation TVA owned lands, provide recreation develop- For many years, the Department of Game and (VOF) was established to encourage the preser- ment where appropriate, and assist state and Inland Fisheries used funds from hunting and vation of open space throughout the Common- local governments in their endangered species/ fishing license fees for management and protec- wealth. Under this program, landowners volun- natural areas protection and management efforts. tion of nongame wildlife species, as well as game tarily restrict the development of their properties In 1986 the Virginia Natural Heritage Program species. In January, 1981 the General Assembly by granting to the Foundation scenic or conserva- (VANHP) was established through the joint adopted legislation which enables taxpayers, tion easements. Currently over 46,000 acres are efforts of The Nature Conservancy and the slated to receive state income tax refunds, to protected. Occasionally the Outdoors Foundation Commonwealth of Virginia. The goal of VANHP voluntarily contribute a part of their refund to a will actually acquire a property through gift or is to develop an easily accessible, constantly nongame cash fund. These monies are used purchase. The Bull Run Mountain Area is one updated data base that reflects the current status exclusively for the management of nongame such site. of biological diversity on Virginia's landscape. wildlife including endangered/threatened spe- The 1988 session of the General Assembly The Nature Conservancy is a major private cies, aquatic wildlife, protected species, wildlife passed the Virginia Conservation Easement Act conservation organization that specializes in requiring specialized habitat, and certain inverte- which authorizes nongovernment organizations ecological data management for the preservation brates. The acquisition of lands to protect . these to solicit, or purchase conservation easements. of natural lands, For over a decade this organiza- species will make an important contribution to Lands protected through this program will ex- tion, in partnership with state governments, has the state's Natural Areas Program. The Game pand the acreage of natural areas in the state. been pursuing biological inventory in a unique Department expects to undertake such activities . I and systematic manner. Called State Natural as citizen education, habitat improvement and Since 1976, the Tennessee Valley Authoritys Heritage Programs, these biological inventories collect and disseminate information on the exist- ence, status, and precise locations of rare plants and animals and unique or exemplary natural communities. The data are assembled into an integrated system of data bases that can serve many purposes. Natural Heritage Programs are typically lo- cated in state capitals where their data bases can A0.17 be conveniently used by various state land man- aging agencies, along with federal and private W 7__ users. The success of heritage methodology is reflected in state acceptance and recognition that a centralized, continually updated inventory that details specific locality information is critical to successful long-term planning and management. Heritage Programs have been established in forty-seven states, in Canada, and almost half of 125 the Latin American countries. The Natural Herit- Program Methodology sii age network has made disparate information '0@ The Elements of Natural Diversity within a state comprehensible and consistent, Los and has facilitated the sharing of ecological data The methods of data collection and manage- across state and national boundaries. ment are consistent among all Natural Heritage The Virginia Natural Heritage Program oper- Programs. The initial step is to decide which ated for its first year at the national office of The elements of natural diversity (species, natural Nature Conservancy, where it was developed as communities, geologic features, etc.) need to be a model, incorporating and testing the improve- inventoried. It is both impractical and unneces- ments in data base management that are now sary to complete an inventory of every population of each species in the state, so a more pragmatic applied by Natural Heritage Programs across the nation. The Nature Conservancy's efforts to place approach is used in an attempt to capture the full a Natural Heritage Program in Virginia culmi- spectrum of Virginia's biological diversity. The nated in a contract signing in Governor Baliles' preservation of natural communities (such as office in August of 1986. The VANHP was estab- spruce-fir forests, tidal wetlands, and shale lished in Richmond in November 1986 and is barrens) acts much like a coarse filter. If adequate examples of each of Virginia's natural commu- administered by the Department of Conservation nity types are protected, the majority of the and Recreation. Other cooperating agencies species native to the state will he preserved include the Department of Game and Inland Fisheries, the Department of Agriculture and because they are among the usual components of these communities. On the other hand, because Consumer Services, and the Council on the some species are exceedingly rare, or are dem- Environment. In July 1987, a Memorandum of zens of very uncommon habitat types, a list of Agreement was signed, formalizing the relation are r. plants and animals is also compiled. Careful ship of the VANHP with the Plant Protection monitoring of these species acts as a fine filter to Bureau of the Department of Agriculture and capture the rarest 10-15% of the Commonwealth's 10 - Consumer Services for cooperative efforts tinder biota. the Virginia Endangered Plant and Insect Act. A similar agreement covering animals is being Natural Heritage Programs rely heavily upon developed with the Department of Game and the input of state experts in developing lists of Inland Fisheries. rare species. Through every phase of the inven- tory the lists remain flexible and elements are Both national forests in Virginia have e ndan- added or deleted as the growing body of knowl- gered and threatened species programs and coordinate with the Heritage Program and var- edge directs. Program lists currently include A ious state universities. Many states, recognizing some 600 species of plants, 525 species of anim- the usefulness of their Natural Heritage Pro- als, and 40 natural community types. perspective according to rarity, number of indi- grams, have made them state agencies. The 1988 Element Priority Ranking viduals, population viability, and threats. A rank session of the General Assembly established the Once the list of elements in each category is of S1 is assigned to an element that is critically Heritage Program as a state-funded entity under compiled, each element is ranked in order of its imperiled in the state because of extreme rarity, the Department of Conservation and Historic overall priority for inventory and protection whereas, a rank of S5 is given to an element that Resources, now the Department of Conservation efforts. A scale of I to 5 is utilized and species are is demonstrably secure (Table 1). Global ranks and Recreation. ranked from both a state (S) and a global (G) are similar, but refer to a given species I rarity throughout its total range. 126 Table 1. Element ranks used by the Virginia somewhat lower priority. Some species, such as USGS quadrangle, county, physiographic prov- Natural Heritage Program (VANHP). Each ele- the Red-backed Salamander (Plethodon cine- ince, and watershed. ment (animal species, plant species, or natural reus, green) are demonstrably secure throughout Because these records are computerized, data community) monitored by the VANHP is as- (G5-S5) and consequently are not actively mon- can be sorted and retrieved by any of the 65 fields signed a global rank and a state rank. These itored by the program. on the Element Occurrence Record. For example, ranks reflect the rarity of the element in the The VANHP is now tracking 52 Gi and 531 S1 a printout of information on all known localities world, and within the Commonwealth of Vir- taxa. Giving first priority to the species that rank for the Piping Plover in Virginia is readily ob- ginia, respectively. Global ranks begin wit the the highest, the staff isaccumulating and process- tained. Should a summary be needed of all letter G while state ranks begin with an S. he ing information on the rarest species of Virginia. known occurrences of this element in Accomack meanings of these ranks are defined belo as in addition, these ranks are used for setting County, or in a specific quadrangle in Accomack they apply on the state level, global ran ar preservation priorities, planning status survey County, this too is easily available. Any combina- similar (e.g., a GI species is critically i p ile work, and the preparation of listing packages for tion of information on these records can be used globally). Where the rarity of an el t is state or federal endangered species. to search and order the database. This informa- uncertain, but is known to fall within a ran e o tion can be reported in a format tailored to fit a ranks, this is denoted with a combination rank, Data Management System specific need. e.g. SIS2. When a global rank is applied to a The central unit of data in the Natural Heritage subspecies, the rank of the full species is noted Program is termed the "element occurrence:' a In addition to this computerized file, the Herit- along with that of the subspecies, e.g. G3T1. age Program also maintains a complete set of Taxonomic uncertainties are denoted with a Q, specific locality that supports one of the listed USGS 7.5-minute topographic maps for Virginia e.g. S2Q. elements. For example, the site of the rare Clinch on which the exact location of each element River mussel Quadrula intermedio Conrad (Cum- occurrence is marked. Boundaries of the suitable S1- Critically imperiled because of ex- berland monkeyface) near Pendleton island in habitat for the element at that location are in- treme rarity. Scott County is an element occurrence. Ukewise, cluded when appropriate. Each mapped location S2- Imperiled because of rarity. a population of Trifolium virginicurn Small is numbered and referenced to an entry in the S3- Rare or uncommon. (Kate's Mountain Clover) on a shale barren near margin of the map that tells what it represents, be S4- Apparently secure.* Clifton Forge in Alleghany County, is also an it the location for a rare plant, animal, or commu- S5- Demonstrably secure,* element occurrence. Sources for such site-specific nity type. For each map a corresponding file SA - Accidentals, (e.g. European strays).* information include specimen labels, herbarium folder is maintained (referred to collectively as SE- Exotic, not native to state.* sheets, the scientific literature, personal com- the Geographic Manual File) in which all mate- SH - Historical records exist, but no recent munications from experts, and field surveys. rials pertaining to that particular map are stored. sightings. For each element occurrence a manual and These are the core files of the Natural Heritage SU - Uncertain status. computerized record (the Element Occurrence Program, but three other files can be mentioned SX- Apparently extirpated from state. Record) is completed. This includes, in addition briefly: the Element File, the Source File, and the *Not actively monitored by the VANHP. to the scientific and common names of the ele- Managed Area File. For example, the Peaks of Otter Salamander ment, such information as the element's location, The Element File consists of one file folder per (Plethodon hubrichti Highton), a Virginia en- notes on the status of the population, a site element in which all the life-history information demic known from only a single locality, has a description, threats to the site, and date of obser- encountered on that element is placed. For exam- rank of GI-Si and consequently receives the vation or collection, the name of the source ple, the file folder for the Virginia Big-eared Bat highest priority. Although the Pygmy Salaman- supplying that record, and ownership informa- (Plecotus townsendi virginianus Handley) con- ks m er emen der (Desfriognathus wrighti King) is also very tion. Given the importance of site-specific infor- tains a variety of articles and text references on rare in Virginia (ranked Si) it is apparently rnation, the Element Occurrence Record includes the biology of that species. This information is secure over its entire range (G4) and receives fields for recording latitude and longitude, the 127 used repeatedly by VANHP staff to prepare demand continues to increase. animals, and natural communities) are listed in species abstracts, complete ranking forms, sum- Natural Heritage Programs have Memoranda order of their relative rarity. For each element on marize status and threats, and in other day-to- of Agreement with many federal, state, and the scorecard, all known occurrences and the day tasks. private organizations. The Congressional Office protection status of the sites where they are The Source File is a collection of all sources of of Technology Assessment recently cited the found are listed. The result is a clear, objective use to the program. These include articles, books, Heritage network to Congress as the leading picture of what the rarest and unique natural maps, abstracts on knowledgeable individuals, effort in biodiversity data management. A num- features are and where they can best be pro- and various unpublished materials (field sur- ber of state governments have given state Herit- tected. With the sites determined, the appropriate veys, field notes, reports, correspondence, etc.). age Programs the authority to coordinate and level of protection can be decided upon. The most For each source a Source Abstract is completed. conduct research on federal and state listed rare critical of these sites may be acquired using the These abstracts list the citation of the source, the species. Natural Heritage Areas Fund, which is adminis- subjects it treats, its geographical coverage, and tered in partnership with The Nature Conser- where it is filed. Thus, there is on file a list of The Department of Agriculture and Consumer vancy. Other areas can be protected through a written sources and Virginia experts on almost Services relies on the Virginia Natural Heritage variety of conservation tools such as easements any field of natural history. Program to conduct field status surveys and to and voluntary registration. provide recommendations for listing of plant and Since the VANHP maintains information on The Managed Area File consists of one folder insect species for legal protection in Virginia. The public as well as private lands, significant areas for each area in Virginia managed by a conserva- VANHP has been working closely with the on public property can be identified, then man- tion organization or state, federal, or local agency. Department of Game and Inland Fisheries on aged by government agencies through existing Thus, there is a folder for each National Wildlife animals of special concern that may be given agency programs. Data provided by the VANHP Refuge, State Park, Nature Conservancy pre- protection under state law. Environmental re- gives the Department of Conservation and Recre- serve, etc. Information such as maps, regulations, views are frequently coordinated with other state ation additional knowledge in Scenic River species lists, and correspondence is kept in these agencies, such as the Council on the Environ- designation, and in State Park and Natural Area files. ment, Department of Transportation, and the management. The VANHP also complements the The VANHP`s data base now contains over Marine Resources Commission. Federal agencies Historic Landmark and Cave Protection Pro- 3,200 element occurrences. New and updated such as the Fish and Wildlife Service, Forest grams, the Chesapeake Bay Program, and the information is continuously being added. Service, and National Park Service routinely use work of the Virginia Outdoors Foundation. information provided by the VANHP. In addi- Users of the Data tion, many county and regional planning agen- By coupling traditional land acquisition tech- One of the keys to the success of Natural cies request information on rare species within niques with administrative and voluntary pro- Heritage Programs is the impartiality of their their jurisdictions. tection by landowners, the components of Virgi- data and the ease with which this information In a more active conservation mode, the nia's natural diversity can be safeguarded in can be retrieved. Because this data can be used to VANHP helps determine conservation priorities ways that best fit the particular situation. In help avert environmental conflicts before they within Virginia. It is particularly important to order to justify conservation priorities now and arise, the VANHP is appreciated by both com- focus preservation efforts on those select places in the coming years and in keeping with the Department of Conservation and Recreation's mercial and environmental interests. For these that contain fine examples of irreplaceable bio- mission of natural resource stewardship, the reasons, state agencies and organizations should logical resources. The VANHP serves this critical substantial, objective ecological database of the routinely consult the Heritage Program for need by helping to identify these sites. This Virginia Natural Heritage Program is a valuable environmental reviews in the state. In its first identification process involves an analysis of the asset. [Natural Areas map, Pi-C] year of operation, the VANHP has responded to entire database summarized in a "natural diver- over 700 requests for information, and this sity scorecard." Here elements (rare plants, 128 kib uj zi 2 <-rj 0 Lwu NCO j )-- 0 < 0 LLJ Ul CL < < cr U) < 2m S cz to cr- ILLJO w -:iLu s, z L-) \ @!<i@' n \ 2 1 Hi'm-51111.3 z Aft,3: 0 co cm zg cc -76- =3 LU Ica 0 ch COLLI W= uj < z cl) LL a <u) CL 2-lui -Lo, z OX D U LU U)<c cLU cc T- ,04 z Lu 0 L-01 rm Co Z"Y@ 0 "" 3: < u0 wzyz -j-:) < cc I - w M 11 a -In w:C)---i<oX< 0-, - 0 3: -Z, cr z ew CC CIO WWC6 Z< cc,G tj =2 "=a N < cl) Cl) cm Lr- @MLU ILL) 00 Pw CC < @w 0 , 1, 4= 1 MUN= 0 1 LL Lue C, S2 < LLJ -'Cr I LLI Cf) co Cf) 1 D -1 ?@Lu Z MU5 w L@ll , ZZ -A z Simi: LLI< Ogg r < -"S Od, - LL , m V3 L2 G) cc Ljj,. Lu > 0 CC 7N,-, @@\ < FE -'-,,(< z @L@L Ui cc < LL W < 7211m@--4' 0 uj WW 00 '0 x 0 mo Z, "--v` cc 00 D 0 m mm HIE gh M co tz Cal Sol w uj a =@n "m CA W 5. - 2 R - = 0 9=111 a ir ** "* V = rim' -3 CL. cc < O-NERWASIH9, cc z V) Ii 16 C6 1-Z ad c; 6 C! Ci Ld 0 F m z LU Lu -W w m C.;t A co" 06 0 0 -w cwr cr L) *,:D C) LLJ S co cr- CL 59 uj cc 0 w LL v co cc maw=- co ui Lw w W RZ w I- -C z =w= = w uj 0 was < cc rr C= CL CL a ff oc uj 05 F- w Wnpwws wwv vi cli 'i w td t.:.:d a; 6 CJ ui td 1.4 q o cc < z 0 w z 0 < LU zn are all potential components of a network of Greenways greenways. The 1988 Outdoor Recreation Demand Survey Southeastern Virginia has started a "prairie fire" with the formation of a Greenways with found that jogging, riding bicycles, hiking, and walking for pleasure were among the most Growth Coalition of trail users, user groups, and popular outdoor recreation activities both in government planners and officials. Interest percent of the population participating and in the generated by the enthusiasm of the coalition's number of activity days generated by these early meetings led to the passage of House joint activities each year. The President's Commission Resolution 177 which required the Director of the on Americans Outdoors found that 84% of all Department of Conservation and Historic Re- American adults walked for pleasure, 46% bi- sources to appoint an advisory commission to cycled, 42% jogged, 22% canoed/kayaked/rafted, advise the Department on promotion of the 17% backpacked, 8% participated in cross-coun- growth and expansion of greenways and trails in try skiing, and 6% participated in horseback the Commonwealth. This commission is com- posed of representatives of the State Corporation riding. Obviously, activities involving trails or "N" Aq. other forms of linear corridors are extremely Commission, Department of Transportation, popular outdoor recreation attractions. Department of Conservation and Recreation, the major telephone and electric utility companies r The President's Commission on Americans Outdoors (PCAOJ, recommended that communi- and railroads doing business in Virginia, local ties identify and establish corridors of private governments, and members of the public. and public lands and waters to provide people with access to open spaces close to where they Scenic Highways and Vni-giinia live and to link together the rural and urban Byways spaces in the landscape. They called these corri- 9W dors "greenways" PCAO sees greenways as the In 1966 the General Assembly passed t e way to provide open recreation spaces close to Scenic Highway and Virginia Byways Act au- @,A every home. They foresee a network of green- thorizing the Commonwealth Transportation ways linking towns, cities, and states all across i4 Board, in cooperation with the Department of the country. Conservation and Economic Development, (now The impetus for identification and establish- the Department of Conservation and Recreation), ment of these greenways is through the lighting of to designate certain outstanding roads as Vir- prairie fires of enthusiasm and commitment at ginia Byways or Scenic Highways. The Act all levels of society. The analogy of a "prairie fire" defines a Scenic Highway as a new road designed is used because they start small, spread fast, and and built in a protected corridor. Virginia By- ways are limited to protected areas such as large the land blooms behind them. Citizens, clubs, ways are defined as existing roads with rela- parks and forests. private landowners, town and county govern- tively significant aesthetic and cultural values, The Virginia Byways Legislation was designed ments, the state and federal governments must all leading to or lying within an area of historical, as a recognition act and as such, places no land work together to plan, develop, and manage these natural, or recreational significance. Virginia use restrictions or controls upon a designated greenways. Rivers, abandoned railroads, utility Byways have the potential of becoming the byway corridor. The only provision made in the corridors, scenic byways, trails, paths, sidewalks, strongest element of the Scenic Roads Program in law is that preference be given ". . . to corridors floodplains, forests, farms, parks and refuges Virginia, since opportunities for Scenic High- controlled by zoning or otherwise, so as to rea- sonably protect the aesthetic or cultural value of 130 -7 4', '21 4& the highway." The state obtains no land use In '1982, the state's highway system was evalu- used by localities to conserve the scenic and controls, implied or otherwise, through the ated again to determine if more roads should be historic integrity of these roads, and at the same process of designating state roads as Virginia added to the potential Virginia Byway list, or if time allow compatible development to occur. Byways. Maintenance and operating procedures some roads no longer met the minimum criteria They include low density residential zoning with of the Department of Transportation also remain for potential Byways. Adjustments were made as frontage and setback requirement, agricultural or unchanged. recommended by the Department of Transporta- conservation zoning, outdoor advertising sign When the Scenic Highway and Virginia Byway tio.n. The majority of the potential byways on the ordinances, special overlay ordinances, struc- program was first considered, the Department of original list, however, still meet the minimum turdl facade treatment, and special landscape Transportation surveyed the 52,000 plus miles of criteria for Virginia Byways designation. treatment. The Department of Transportation highways throughout the Commonwealth and During 1974, the first Virginia Byway was has occasionally been able to provide additional developed an initial list of more than 1,600 miles designated. Since that time, over 500 miles of assistance in the form of special plantings to screen undesirable views or otherwise beautify of roads which were felt to be worthy of receiving road, consisting of over 30% of those identified as statewide recognition because of important having potential for inclusion, have been desig- the roadside. Waysides, scenic overlooks, and visual qualities, historic interest, or recreational nated. Local land use controls have been relied pulloffs have been provided in some highly scenic opportunities. This list was adopted as the upon to conserve the unique character of Virginia areas. potential Virginia byway system. Byway environs. A variety of devices have been In 1988, the Department of Conservation and 131 Historic Resources published a Guide To Vir- The George Washington Memorial Parkway in overlooks, and special treatment of roads in ginia Byway Management. This report is in- Northern Virginia provides opportunities for business areas should be considered in providing tended to identify existing state programs which observing the numerous historic sites along the highway construction funds. are already in place and assist localities that have Potomac River, including George Washington's The Department of Conservation and Recrea- byway corridors. Nine laws and programs were home, Mount Vernon. The Park Service also tion will cooperatewith local units of government identified but are not aimed specifically at scenic develops loop roads which enable visitors to tour to suggest measures which will help to conserve roads protection. However, they offer local units the many battlefield sites under its administra- outstanding scenic and historic road corridors. of government a series of options to aid in con- tion. Skyline Drive, in Shenandoah National The staff will also cooperate with the Depart- serving the unique qualities of the local land- Park, was built for optimal recreational oppor- ment of Transportation in the evaluation and scapes, including Virginia Byway corridors. tunities and enjoyment of outstanding scenic designation of future Scenic Highways and Although the Department of Transportation resources within the park. The Blue Ridge Park- Virginia Byways. has primary responsibility for implementing the way, extending along the crest of the Blue Ridge Virginia Byways Program, as well as any future mountains from the southern end of the Skyline Recommendations scenic highways on nonfederal lands, the Depart- Drive into North Carolina, is also administered * Potential system components should be ment of Conservation and Recreation should by the National Park Service. The Federal Gov- evaluated and qualifying segments desig- continue to work closely with the Transportation ernment administers 616 miles of Scenic High- nated. [Pi-H] Department in identifying those roads which ways in Virginia. - Good promotional brochures should be pre- qualify for designation. Together they have The Commonwealth has many miles of roads pared, encouraging self-guiding tours along adopted criteria and procedures for evaluating which traverse areas of exceptional beauty and/ Virginia's Byways. Such brochures should potential Virginia Byways. In addition, the or outstanding historic interest. A traveler can help to promote tourism and enhance the Department of Transportation has designed now use scenic roads and Virginia byways to enjoyment of Virginia's varied natural and distinctive signs which are placed along Byways travel from the mountains to Tidewater Virginia cultural resources. [P2-F, P2-C] once they have been officially designated. The and along the westward migration routes. These official state highway map now identifies desig- roads should be brought together in a special The state should consider the possibility of nated Virginia Byways, as well as the federally Scenic Highways and Virginia Byways System designating all qualifying road segments as administered parkways. which would give official recognition to their Virginia Byways at the same time. This Scenic Highways, developed by the National unique qualities and, at the same time, encourage statewide designation would permit local, Park Service and the U.S. Forest Service, have local units of government to adopt land use regional, and state planners to develop a been in use in Virginia since the late 1930S. These measures which will conserve these resources more uniform approach toward recognizing roads, designed and built in protected corridors, for the enjoyment of future generations. The full and promoting the unique resources that were created for the enjoyment of motorists who potential of the Byways program can be realized exist along these special roads. This action desire to visit areas of scenic and historic impor- only if the people of the Commonwealth are could require General Assembly approval. tance. In 1988, the U.S. Forest Service began a prepared to take the steps necessary to [Pl-H] program of recognizing scenic roads within strengthen land use controls and clean up the The Department of Transportation should national forests. This program may recognize undesirable elements along Virginia's scenic consider allocating special funds for mainte- state roads as national forest scenic highways. roads. The Department of Transportation should, nance and enhancement of the Virginia to the greatest extent possible, provide wide Byway corridors. [Pl-Al The National Park Service's Colonial National rights-of-way and pay careful attention to aes- Historical Parkway connects Jamestown Island, thetic and environmental concerns when improv- the first permanent English settlement in Amer- ing existing roads or constructing new roads ica, with Yorktown and Colonial Williamsburg. throughout the state. Additional waysides, scenic 132 lit C9, 0) cn (n >-- K K CC Co L.U z (D o :5 z z u z Lu z LU sit T5 0 R 50 co 0 0 w CL Trails Nearly all of Virginia's long distance trails for hiking and horseback riding are located in the Jefferson National Forest, George Washington National Forest, and Shenandoah National Park. Together these three resources provide over 2,000 miles of back country type trails which are frequently preferred by backpackers, hikers, and horseback riders. Also, hundreds of miles of multipurpose primitive roads accommodate foot A and equestrian travelers. Assateague Island National Seashore, the Dismal Swamp, and Back Bay National Wildlife Refuges and the larger national battlefield parks offer opportunities for extended trips in the eastern part of the state. IL The Division of State Parks, Department of Forestry, and the Department of Garne and Inland Fisheries also contribute significa-1, the statewide trails scene. The Division of State Parks maintains 348 miles of trails on 36 state Authority, extends 44 miles through much of threatened with incompatible encroachments parks and historic sites, many of which tie in Fairfax and Loudoun Counties. and growing conflicts in uses. with the extensive trail and gated road systems Short foot trails, such as interpretive and The isolated and scenic character of the Appa- within adjacent state forests. The state wildlife walking trails of two miles or less, are found in lachian Trail will continue to be threatened by management areas supply some roads and trails nearly all major recreation areas and in many many kinds of development: recreational homes, for foot and horse use. local parks throughout the Commonwealth. mining and industrial operations, communica- Many local park agencies have established Surveys have shown that these facilities are tions and highway, power, or gas line corridors, lengthy hiking and riding trails, some of which utilized by a majority of park visitors who use and energy projects. Even where the trail seems are located in densely populated areas and utilize trails. securely protected by a public land unit, activi- unique corridors. A multipurpose trail, con- A particularly significant trail resource in ties adjacent to or within these units may ad- structed on an abandoned railroad right-of-way Virginia is the Appalachian National Scenic versely affect the scenic and physical character of between the towns of Abington and Whitetop Trail. Entering the state from the north near the trail. State and local units of government has received National Recreation Trail Status Harpers Ferry, this 2,100 mile Maine-to-Georgia should take this into consideration in planning and is called the Virginia Creeper Trail. Two foot trail winds its way down the crest of the Blue and zoning decisions affecting lands in the Virginia Beach parks will eventually be linked by Ridge Mountains and then southwest through vicinity of the trail. a trail following portions of a utility easement. In the. Jefferson National Forest for over 540 miles One of the unique aspects of the Appalachian Fairfax County many trails have been developed before leaving the state near the Town of Damas- Trail is its history of cooperative management. along stream valleys. Following the bed of the cus. The majority of the Appalachian Trail in For more than fifty years t he many components L7: abandoned Washington and Old Dominion Rail- Virginia is on public land and is consequently of the Appalachian Trail Conference (all of which road, the W&OD Railroad Regional Park, adn-@n- protected to some degree. Several stretches of the are volunteers) have worked closely with units of istered by the Northern Virginia Regional Park trail which cross private land, however, are federal, state, and local government as well as 134 numerous individual landowners to solve the - To meet annually with representatives of the many problems associated with the acquisition, ATC to discuss management progress and development, administration, management, and concerns. maintenance of the trail. In 1985 the Secretary of - To ensure widespread understanding of the interior delegated management responsibility for significance of the Trail and the components the trail to the Appalachian Trail Conference and of good stewardship. its member clubs. In 1971, the Virginia General Assembly recog- nail Opportunities nized the importance of the Appalachian Trail There are numerous and readily available and designated the Department of Conservation opportunities for extending and improving trails and Economic Development, tnow the Depart- on public lands. On those sites where the estab- ment of Conservation and Recreation], as the lished trails network is extensive, access to agency responsible for the acquisition, adminis- selected, perhaps underutilized, trails could be Al tration, and management of the trail in Virginia. improved. New construction should focus on In 1987, the Department of Conservation and linking existing trails to form long distance Historic Resources entered into a Memorandum hiking circuits of five miles or greater and riding A,, fe of Understanding with the Appalachian Trail loops of ten miles or more. On new sites and Conference and has worked closely with the lands with few trails, trail systems should be conference, the National Park Service, and others included as an integral part of the area's recrea- to complete the acquisition and protection of the tional developments. The Department of Game trail corridor on state and private land. This five- and Inland Fisheries should seek to improve trails year Memorandum of Understanding will en- in the wildlife management areas in conjunction sure the perpetuation of the highest possible with the development of the Nongame Wildlife quality environment for the Appalachian Na- Fund's environmental education/interpretation tional Scenic Trail in Virginia. Through this programs. Memorandum, the Department of Conservation Public land managers should strive to generate and Historic Resources has agreed to the support and assistance from trail users, environ- t following: mental groups, and the local community when To review the Trail's location on state owned developing new trails or seeking to maintain lands. existing trails. There are many fine examples of trails projects in which volunteers have played a To seek to acquire lands or interests in lands to protect Trail values. significant role, including the Willis River Trail in the Cumberland State Forest, the Virginia High- To delegate to the Appalachian Trail Confer- lands Horse Trail in the Mount Rogers National ence and Trail maintaining clubs responsibil- Recreation Area, the trails system in Richmond's ity for the development, maintenance, and @t James River Park, The Big Blue Trail in north- monitoring of state owned trail corridor western Virginia, and the Occoquan RiverTrail in Northern Virginia. Portions of public proper- lands. ties which serve nonrecreational purposes may To serve as liaison between the ATC and in some cases be suitable for trails development. other state agencies. 135 Lp .......... 0 co C= m A M --4 (n 0 =M m m m z z z M-4, -qw= J> CA: . -4 cm 39 0@ OD' <CD C"a m (D 0 C :P. Pn z m >c 'a -n m Z CIO "I > 0 > 2. R @< c z M cn 0 m m CD cc 0 _0 z Zia Z CD m CD 10, :E,% ET 2,- , CD Z I D M.T MZ =3 t'd 00 .MM-= (CC), 0 (D cn ct 'Im F -f! Q -2c-w 4 r cD rn C-J M m 12- rm 2.7; c" ED C-3 CA GO -;j = 2; --4 C, (J) WE r@> 'o CD CD 2 "on c" Irl r C13 -4; - . .-\ W M CD C= -ov (D 0) 0 m 2c -_4 to OD IWD r-. Im oplaz co c,* ee CD :3 R I Privately owned corporate properties may also structed. Many trail club members participate in From Rails to nails offer an opportunity for meeting trail needs. In "Adopt A Trail" programs and assume mainte- The 1984 Virginia Outdoors Plan recom- some cases, trail recreation may suitably inter- nance and monitoring responsibility for certain mended that abandoned railroads be analyzed to face with the management activities carried out trail sections. Much of the cost of trail mainte- determine their potential as trail corridors. The on lands held by pulp and paper companies, nance can be absorbed by these willing and able General Assembly's Outdoor Recreation Study utility companies, or mining companies. Cooper- volunteers. Commission found much public support for rails ative management programs for limited recrea- From a statewide perspective, the Virginia to trails conversions and recommended that the tional use have been developed on a trial basis Trails Association (VTA) should draw support Commonwealth strive to acquire and develop with WESTVACO Corporation on some of their from the local organizations, and in return serve abandoned railroad rights-of-way as trails. timber lands. For example, they opened a two- as an information clearinghouse for successful Virginia is crisscrossed with an extensive rail mile nature trail along Buffalo Creek in Bedford programs and projects and provide technical system consisting of 3,623 miles of operating County. As other such resources are identified, assistance. VTA should also coordinate multi- railroads. Over the last twenty years, a substan- their potential for recreation should be examined jurisdictional projects and spearhead statewide tial number of additional miles of these railroads and where feasible, cooperative agreements efforts to educate citizens as to the value of trails have been abandoned. A few have been acquired developed. and proper trail etiquette. In addition, the VTA for trail use and have become very popular Fitness trails with associated exercise appara- could serve as a liaison between state agencies recreational resources. The majority, unfortu- tus are becoming more popular in Virginia. whose activities affect trails and trail users in nately, have not been acquired for recreational Although mostly found in local parks, fit-trails Virginia. use. are being developed on industrial park or office complex grounds. Homeowners associations and apartment complex owners should also consider 41 constructing fitness trails in their communities. Localities should encourage developers to de- velop trails in conjunction with housing develop- ments. When possible, these trails should be linked with the existing trails system in the locality. Although governmental agencies usually di- rect the development of trails on their properties, the major initiative for obtaining new trails and keeping existing ones maintained often comes from the trail users. Many of the problems com- monly associated with trails development, such as lack of community support, landowner oppo- sition, and lack of funding may be overcome by strong, well organized local initiative. Therefore, individuals representing the diversity of trail interests in a community must first organize, identify stumbling blocks to trails development, and then identify the specific steps needed to overcome the obstacles and get the trails con- 137 One of the major problems associated with the cultural sites, commercial, industrial, residential, clauses on the titles of some sections that, upon development of a new long distance trail is shopping and service areas, better focuses our abandonment, require the reversion of the prop- having to deal with myriad patterns of private attention on the full value of these rights-of -way. erty to the adjacent landowner. In cases where a land ownership along the corridor. This problem Their additional value as utility corridors for federal or state easement was acquired and the is nearly nonexistent when an abandoned rail- water, sewer, electric, telephone, oil and gas railroad does not own the right-of-way fee sim- road right-of-way is acquired for trail use. transmission lines, and subways is also ple, the abandonment authorization automati- During the last twenty years, 551 miles of significant. cally triggers reversion to the present adjacent railroad have been abandoned in Virginia. Of this Congress, in 1887, established the Interstate property owner. mileage, only 142.4 miles have been obtained for Commerce Commission (ICCJ as an independent The abandonment of underutilized track trail use. Some of the remainder has been sold or regulatory agency to protect the public from makes financial sense to the railroad industry, has reverted to adjacent landowners, but many of inflated rail rates and poor service. Under the but the loss of valuable rights-of-way for public these abandoned miles are still owned by the Interstate Commerce Act, railroads must obtain uses does not. Recognizing this fact, Congress railroad company, and may still be available for the permission of the Commission before making enacted three laws designed to prevent the loss of use as trails. any of a number of changes in their operations. these potential trail corridors: One of these actions is the discontinuance of Currently, there are a number of miles of existing rail service or abandonment of rail lines. The Railroad Revitalization and Regulatory railroad rights-of-way available for acquisition or Before granting an abandonment to a railroad, Reform Act of 1976 (The "4R Act") set forth which may become available in the near future. notices are posted to inform the public and all procedures granting recreation agencies and Several of these railroads pass through more potentially affected persons of the request, so nonprofit citizen organizations 180 days than one locality which complicates ownership that comments and appeals can be solicited. It is from the time an abandonment was ap- and management. In cases like this, it is some- at this time that trail users have an opportunity to proved to buy the undivided right-of-way times best to set up a separate entity to manage notify the ICC and the railroad of their interest in before it was offered for sale piecemeal to the trail. A park authority is a good mechanism the right-of-way as a trail. landowners or developers. for this in that it can cross jurisdictional lines in Four years later, Congress passed the an equitable manner. The park authority can also The National Trails System Act of 1968 (P.L. Staggers Rail Act of 1980 which set forth a raise money and incur debt for the development 90-543) provides for cooperation between the more detailed timetable under which negoti- of the trail and facilities along the trail. ICC and other federal agencies and the Secretar- ies of the Interior and Agriculture to assure that, ations for rights-of-way conversion could be Carrying the trail concept a step fort er, to the extent possible, abandonments which may carried out. Northern Virginia Regional Park Authority has be suitable for improving or expanding the The National Trails System Act Amend- developed the Washington and Old Dominion National Trails System are made available for ments of 1983 instructed the ICC to develop Railroad Regional Park along the bed of an public use. State and local governments and trail rules whereby a private organization or a abandoned railroad. The roadbed is the thread user groups are notified of impending abandon- local public agency could convert an unused that ties together a series of parks, cultural ments so that action can be taken to acquire the railroad track into a trail on an "interim" attractions, and scenic areas. The right-of-way railroad bed for trail use. However, the ICC will basis (i.e., until such time as the right-of-way contains a paved surface, multipurpose, nonmot- rant abandonments to railroads despite inquir- might again merit use as a railway) without orized trail with a parallel horse trail for much of F its 44-mile length. The park extends from Alex- ies from units of state and local governments. the route becoming officially abandoned and andria 44 miles west to Purcellville. Thinking of When this occurs, local governments interested in fragmented among adjacent landowners. To these old railroads as linear corridors of open acquiring the railroad must deal directly with the qualify, the interested party must agree to space land with the added attraction of tying railroad company. This would seem to be the assume full responsibility for management together a series of bubble parks, historic and logical approach to acquisition of these rights-of- and liability and pay all taxes. Unfortunately, way except that in many cases there are reversion the ICC has promulgated regulations under 138 these amendments which fail to implement tural and recreational attractions draw millions ec Congressional intent, providing only for of visitors to the Old Dominion each year. Many voluntary transfers from willing seller rail- visitors bring bicycles with them or rent bicycles roads. At the same time, the ICC has con- while visiting the state and increasing numbers d tinued to grant abandonments to rail compa- of visitors arrive on bicycles. In addition to nies at an unprecedented rate. visitors from out-of-state, the "1987 Virginia Outdoor Recreation Demand Survey" found that Once the railroad right-of-way is acquired, costs associated with conversion to a trail are 33.5% of Virginia's residents over 12 years of age bicycled for pleasure. An additional nine percent minimized because so much of the work of bicycle to work or school on a frequent basis. The grading, draining, and stabilizing has already been done. Decking and installing railings on Division of Planning and Recreation Resources has recently conducted an inventory and analysis trestles, providing parking areas at trail heads, as of available bicycle facilities in the state. The well as fencing and signing are costs of conver- inventory and analysis identified existing bike- sion in addition to acquisition and surface prep- aration. Costs for these items vary considerably ways and many areas where bikeways could be developed. by locality and ballast composition. *4 The Greenways System Map identifies many For purposes of this analysis, the term "bike- rail lines that have been abandoned as well as way" is used to refer to any road, path, or way some operating lines which would be important which in some manner is specifically designated components of the state greenways network. as being open to bicycle travel, regardless of Many of the lines still in service operate only on whether such facilities are designated for the low tonnage and may become the subject of an exclusive use of bicycles or are to be shared with abandonment application in the near future. other modes of transportation. The American Localities should evaluate railroads in their Association of State Highway and Transporta- jurisdictions to determine their current status. tion Officials [AASHTO) has identified four Plans should be made to obtain those roadbeds basic classifications of bikeways listed in their no longer needed for rail service for their future "Guide for the Development of New Bicycle 41 '41 conversion to trails or other public uses. Facilities' In summary, abandoned railroad corridors AASHTO Classification of Bikeways make interesting linear parks/greenways with a Bicycle Path: A bikeway physically sepa- multitude of opportunities for linking outdoor rated from motorized vehicular traffic by an recreational, historical, and cultural areas. Many open space or barrier and either within the miles of abandoned railroads exist in Virginia highway right-of-way or within an inde- and many more are being evaluated for abandon- ment. Each locality should study the potential pendent right-of-way. Bicycle paths are uses of railroads in their jurisdiction and prepare facilities designed to minimize conflicts with motor vehicles and other trail users. plans accordingly. Bicycle paths can provide a community bicy- Bicycling and Bikeways clist with a shortcut through a residential neigh- Virginia's wealth of magnificent scenery, parks borhood (e.g., a connection between two cul de and forests, numerous historical sites, and cul- sac streets). Located in a park, they can provide 139 an enjoyable recreational experience. The bicycle route. Roadway improvements, such as safe getting to their destination quickly and safely. path is generally restricted to bicycle use only drainage grates, railroad crossings, smooth The 33.5% of the population that bicycles for and physically separates bicyclists from other pavements, maintenance schedules, and signals pleasure however, is more concerned with the trail users. Bicycle paths should be designed to be responsive to bicycles, should always be consid- recreational and aesthetic aspects of bicycling one-way or be wide enough (eight feet) to accom- ered before a roadway is identified as a bicycle and favor the scenic route over the direct route. modate two-way traffic. AASHTO'S "Guide for route. The local bicycle plan should be designed to Development of New Bicycle Facilities, 1981" Shared Roadway: Any roadway upon which accommodate this mix of needs and abilities. should be consulted for other design specifica- a bicycle lane is not designated and which Increased planning for bikeways will enhance tions. may be legally used by bicycles regardless of the usage and popularity of bikeways, as well as � Bicycle Lane: A portion of a roadway which whether such facility is specifically desig- the attraction for tourists., has been designated by striping, signing, and nated as a bikeway. Several techniques have been used with con- pavement markings for the preferential or Bicycles Under the Law siderable success in other states and localities for exclusive use of bicyclists. Bicycle lanes can attracting recreational bicyclists and bicycling be considered when it is desirable to delin- In Virginia, a bicycle is considered a vehicle tourists. Each locality should give consideration eate available road space for preferential use and bicyclists have the same rights and responsi- to appointing a balanced committee composed of by bicyclists and motorists. Bicycle lanes bilities as motorists. The laws governing the bicyclists, a traffic engineer, historian, recreation should always be one-way facilities and regulations of traffic apply to both except that professional, business representative, and inter- carry traffic in the same direction as adjacent bicyclists are required to ride to the right side of ested citizens. The committee should identify motor vehicle traffic. The ideal minimum the roadway when not passing another vehicle, significant historic, recreational, and cultural. lane width is four feet but under certain avoiding hazards, making a left turn, or when the sites that should be included in a tour of their urban conditions wider lanes are necessary. lane is too narrow for a motor vehicle and bicycle locality. Such places of interest to bicyclists as The AASHTO Guide should be consulted to safely share the lane. bicycle shops, hardware stores, laundromats, when designing bicycle lanes. restaurants, campgrounds, hotels, inns and other � Bicycle Route: A segment of bikeways desig- Bikeway Planning lodging places, hospitals and medical services, nated by the jurisdiction having authority The planning of bikeways in any area will etc, should be noted. An inventory of acceptable with appropriate directional and informa- probably include a mix of several types of bike- roads and existing bikeways should be compiled tional markers, with or without specific ways. The excessive cost of constructing bike and plotted on a good large scale map of the bicycle route number. When providing conti- paths restricts most bikeway planning to existing locality. Those routes which most safely and nuity to other bicycle facilities, a bicycle roads. in scenic areas or where opportunities directly guide the bicyclist to or through the area route can be relatively short. However, a arise (abandoned railroad rights-of-way), bike attractions should be chosen for the local bicycle bicycle touring route can be quite long. For paths may be practical. The purpose of the tour route. A map and brochure describing the long bicycle routes, a standard bicycle route planning process should be to integrate the route can then be produced and distributed marker with a numerical designation in bicycle into the transportation plan and to pro- through bicycle organizations, tourist informa- accordance with Part IX of the Manual on vide for safe and efficient bicycle travel. tion systems, and the state travel agency. Uniform Traffic Control Devices can be used There are differences in bicyclists' abilities and Reconunendations in place of a bicycle route sign. purposes for riding which must be taken into There are a number of actions that can be taken The roadway width, along with factors such as consideration when planning bicycle transporta- to improve the overall safety of bicyclists and volume, speed, type of traffic, parking conditions, tion improvements. Ten percent of the population the opportunity for bicycling in the state. Consid- grade, and site distance should be considered of Virginia uses a bicycle to commute to work or eration should be given to the following when determining the feasibility of a bicycle school. These bicyclists are more interested in recommendations: 140 State, regional, and local planners should bikeways. Funds should be appropriated by the state crossing the Potomac River from coordinate bicycle facility planning to ensure the General Assembly asa separate line item Arlington County. Maps of this route are system interface. [Pl-C] of the Department of Highways and Trans- available from the League of American The Department of Conservation and Recre- portation budget which would be specifi- Wheelmen for a fee. County maps published ation, in cooperation with local jurisdictions cally allocated to reduce roadway hazards by the Department of Highways and Trans- and the Department of Transportation, and to improve the safety of bicyclists. [Pi-11 portation also depict this route. The DOT should develop a network of bikeways which The Department of Transportation should also has signed this route from Richmond will join together all the state parks. Addi- continue to indicate the route of major state north with the U.S. Bike Route 1 signs. tionally, the Department should work with hikeways on county road maps they print. U.S. Bike Route 76, also called the TransA- local jurisdictions to produce maps and Localities should produce maps of their local merica Bicycle Route begins in Yorktown, brochures of bikeways in the vicinity of each bikeway systems and make them available to Virginia and crosses the country to Astoria, state park so that park visitors can bicycle to tourists through the travel information sys- Oregon. This route goes west from Yorktown attractions, restaurants, hotels, and enter- tem. [P2-G] through Williamsburg, Richmond, Charlot- tainment services in the surrounding area. All associated state and local units of govern- tesville and over the Blue Ridge Mountains to [Pi-B] ment, law enforcement, educational institu- Waynesboro. From there the route goes south The Virginia Recreation and Park Society, in tions, and the general public should work to to southwest and exits the state at Breaks cooperation with bicycle clubs, the Virginia improve the education of motorists, bicy- Interstate Park on the Virginia/Kentucky line Bicycle Federation, Bicycle USA, League of clists, highway engineers, law enforcement in Buchanan County. Maps of this route are American Wheelmen, units of federal, state, officers, and the judicial system of the role of available from Bikecentennial of Missoula, and local government, and the hospitality each in insuring the safety of everyone using Montana. The DOT county road maps also industry, should cooperatively sponsor sev- our roads and bikeways. The Division of show this route and major sections of it are eral annual bicycling events of major propor- Motor Vehicles Driver's Manual should in- signed. tion. There are annual events in many states clude extensive instruction on motorist- Bikecentennial East Coast Trail. This trail which do much to raise the profile of bicy- bicyclist relationships. High School Drivers begins in Richmond and goes east where it cling as a recreational, racing, touring, and Education courses should emphasize training exits the state on Adams Swamp Road in community activity. These rides spread good in proper bicycling as well as motorist- Suffolk. From there it proceeds to Florida. will, expose people along the route to bicycle bicyclist relationships. Bicycle safety educa- Bikecentennial sells maps of the route. touring and bicycle tourists, and provide a tional programs directed toward elementary source of revenue for the bicycle clubs and school children should emphasize the tech- Virginia Loop Bicycle nail. The Virginia businesses along the way. A premier exam- niques of safe bicycle operation and the place Loop Trail begins and ends in Washington, ple is the annual RAGBRAT, a ride across of the bicycle in traffic. [Pi-H] DC. Maps detailing the 600-mile route may Iowa sponsored each year by the Des Moines Existing Major Bikeways be purchased from Bikecentennial, Inc. After Register. By having these events in different leaving Washington, D.C., this bikeway fol- parts of the state each year, different locali- U.S. Bike Route 1 and Southern Extension, lows the C&O Canal Trail west across south- ties would have the opportunity to share in also known as the East Coast Bicycle Trail ern Maryland to Harpers Ferry, where it the excitement and demonstrate their most (ECBT). This route stretches from the Vir- turns south and enters Virginia in Clarke significant aspects. [P2-G] ginia-North Carolina line at Palmer Springs County. The bikeway meanders through the Appropriate units of federal, state, and local near Occoneechee State Park to Boston, Shenandoah Valley to Waynesboro where it government should work in conjunction with Massachusetts. The route passes through joins the TransAmerica Bicycle Trail and bicyclists to identify and reduce hazards on Richmond and Fredericksburg and leaves goes east to the junction with the East Coast 141 Bicycle Trail near Ashland. Here the Virginia the more rugged multi-purpose trails used by the is available through the Department of Conserva- Loop turns north and follows the East Coast young on their BMX dirt bikes. One area of tion and Recreation. Additional access sites can Bicycle Trail to Massaponax where it turns concern to resource planners and managers is the be found at marinas and at some private recrea- northwest and proceeds back to Washington, use of these bikes on trails designed and man- tional areas. D.C. aged as foot trails. Owners of these bikes should By identifying public access points along rivers Washington and Old Dominion Railroad ride only on authorized trails when visiting parks and lakes, it is possible to plan many different Regional Park Rail. This 44-mile long trail and forests. Resource managers, on the other types of water trail experiences. In many areas of follows the bed of an abandoned railroad hand, should review their existing inventory of the state, public access areas are close enough from Alexandria west to Purcellville. Many trail facilities to determine if some could be together so that day trips can be made from one other bicycle trails intersect or pass nearby, redesignated as mountain bike trails. Perhaps to the other. By arranging transportation, these some new trails will need to be constructed or thus providing many opportunities for com- existing trails modified to accommodate these trails can be enjoyable family outings. Many muters and recreationists alike. Maps are bikes. The newly acquired New River Trail State canoe liveries operate in Virginia and will rent available from the Northern Virginia Re- canoes and provide transportation to and from gional Park Authority. Park will provide 55 miles of trails most suitable the access points. for use by mountain bikes. The cinder surface on There are many other popular routes in the this trail provides an excellent footing to the Water trails are classed by degree of difficulty. state, such as the Blue Ridge Parkway, Skyline wider tires of these bicycles. As other rails-to- Flat, or smooth water is what you would expect Drive, the Mount Vernon Bikeway, the Virginia trails conversions take place across the state, to find on lakes, long pools on rivers, and on the Beach Bikeway, Molly Custis Bikeway, and so on. more opportunities for mountain bike touring tidal rivers below the Fall Line. Whitewater is the Shorter bikeways are available in parks, forests, will become available. other classification system and ranges from and wildlife management areas throughout the Class 1 to a Class 6. Degree of difficulty is based state. Towns and cities have bicycle plans as well Water/River nails on river velocity, rate of fall, character of rapids as established bikeway systems. Bicycle clubs Virginia is blessed with ample rainfall to and obstacles, ease of rescue, and amount of across the state have guides or lists of recom- support numerous streams and several large maneuvering required. Class 1 is the least diffi- mended routes. This information is available by rivers. In our efforts to provide electricity, drink- cult and can usually be handled by a paddler contacting the individual clubs. ing water and flood control, we have developed with basic canoeing skills. Class 4 and above Several private bicycle touring companies offer lakes on many of these inland rivers and streams. require extreme skill, canoe floatation devices tours of various parts of Virginia and have The Department of Game and Inland Fisheries as and, frequently, the decked boat of the kayak. themselves put together interesting jaunts that. well as units of the federal government and Degree of difficulty and class of a particular take the tourist past significant historic, scenic, commercial enterprises have developed a system rapid or river segment varies with the volume of and cultural places. These tours can include of public access points along major rivers and water in the river. River volume is measured by stops for meals at local restaurants and overnight lake shores. Most of these access points include a the U.S. Geological Service at river gauges placed stays at country inns. This concept can be utilized parking area and a boa[ launching ranip. In areas along most streams in Virginia. A second gaug- by any locality interested in attracting greater where motorboats are impractical, less highly ing system was developed by canoe and river numbers of tourists. developed ramps are provided for canoe and guide author Randy Carter. Carter painted lines light-boat access. on bridge abutments, piers, and footings at access One new component of the bicycle picture is The Department of Game and Inland Fisheries points with the zero line indicating the lowest the mountain bike. These bicycles are geared for rough terrain and steep hills. Tires are wider and publishes a map which identifies the location of level for navigability of the stream. Most canoe- are usually knobby. These bikes can be used on each public access area. In addition, a public ing guidebooks relate USGS gauge readings to much more primitive a bike path than a normal access guide to all sites on the Chesapeake Bay, the Randy Carter system and prescribe maxi- touring bicycle and are particularly at home on its tidal tributaries, and the Susquehanna River mum flow levels and changes in a section's 142 classification at each level. This is a good system for knowing when there is enough water to canoe as well as when there is too much to be safe. There is frequently a problem, though, in know- ing what the water level is before you leave for the river. Information on the Potomac, Rappahan- nock, and Shenandoah River systems can be obtained from River Services, Weather Bureau, Suitland, Maryland. Information for the James Aga__ -ad River is available from the Weather Bureau office at Richmond International Airport near Rich- mond. For information on many smaller streams, there is no reliable source of water level information. Ilk It is critical to the safety of canoeists and other whitewater enthusiasts to know at which level a river becomes dangerous. Guidebooks have been written to provide this information for most of the streams and rivers in the state, and can be acquired at most book stores and stores selling canoes and canoe equipment. One of the major problems associated with river trails is the lack of public access to many good sections of streams. A great number of the access points identified in the canoeing guides are on private property or at bridge crossings where no authorized access or parking exists. A major program to identify suitable access to the best stretches of rivers needs to be initiated and a source of funding for acquisition and develop- ment of these areas needs to be found. In addition to access points, river recreationists need places between landings to get out of their boats and rest, picnic, or camp. Few public, canoe in, day use, or camping areas exist. One solution to this problem is for private landowners to agree to open some of their riverfront lands to public use. Islands are particularly desirable for this use. The major rivers in the state have numerous islands, but all privately owned. The Department 143 of Conservation and Recreation has entered into a cooperative agreement with Westvaco Corpora- tion for the public use of 100 acres of islands in the James River in Appomattox County. More agreements of this type will need to be formed if problems of promiscuous trespass are going to be 1., 14 solved in the future. - I n_5 Recommendations * Develop public access areas at convenient distances apart on state rivers. [Pi-C] N@' V. *Identify landowners willing to allow public use of river front property for day use and overnight camping. [P2-Al *Identify a funding source to cover the co st of 7%, renting lands for public use. [Pi -A] * Develop an improved system for reporting river levels throughout the state. Post signs at each public access area showing the range of k, safe river use by experience class. [Pi-H] * Brochures should be prepared for each river which show access points, day use and camp- ing areas, hazards, historical structures along the river, etc. [P2-G] not exist, horsemen will need to develop trails on ency to replace farm land and open space with Equestrian nails private land. Good public relations with land housing and commercial areas pushing the hor- owners can lead to use agreements where a trail seman ever further from the city center. Public Trail riding is an increasingly popular sport can be developed through several farms in an development of greenways, such as stream val- among Virginia horseback riders. Each year sees area in exchange for agreements to keep gates leys, abandoned roads and railroads, utility the development of new horse trails and an closed, trail tread maintained, and litter removed. corridors, etc., will have to become standard increase in participation in trail riding events. There are many kinds of trail rides and a wide procedure if the future trail needs of horsemen Trail riding is an enjoyable sport and is good variety of options must be made available. The and other trail users are to be met. exercise for riders of all ages as well as for horses and ponies. basic and most important requirement is for trail Management of horse trails and facilities on facilities close to where the horses are stabled. public lands can create challenges for land With the increased interest in trail riding, land These should be from two to twenty-five miles in managers. Many hikers do not find horses com- managers and saddle club members must de- length, where horse and riders can exercise to patible with hiking. Many trails suitable for velop liaisons and work closely together to stay in shape. This requirement is fairly easily hikers are not suitable for horses and should be so develop new trails and to maintain existing trails. met in the more rural parts of the state, but signed. At the same time, off-road vehicles In areas of the state where large tracts of public becomes increasingly critical as the more urban (ORVs] are usually not considered compatible land suitable for horse trail development do areas are approached. Urban sprawl has a tend- with horses. Trails for horses should be restricted 144 grams at the federal and state level do not ade- 4. Extending the Vision: Education and Research ing at preservation options for unique freshwater quately protect wetlands. Management efforts Wetland protection depends upon public tidal wetlands identified along the Chickahom- must now be directed to control all wetland awareness of wetland values, management iny, Pamunkey, Mattaponi, James, Potomac, and impacts-direct, indirect, and cumulative. Major needs, and landowner support for protection Rappahannock Rivers. Critical sites representa- actions include: policies. Appropriate technical training must be tive of wet meadows and sinkhole ponds of the �Reviewing and evaluating existing made available to resource. managers and private Shenandoah Valley and mountain bogs have also sector interests. In addition, research is essential been targeted for preservation by the Conser- tory and protection programs and initiating to refine our knowledge of wetland functions and vancy and are currently under negotiation for corrective measures. improve our ability to sustain these resources. acquisition. �Identifying, in advance, wetland areas of Major actions include: In a joint effort, The Nature Conservancy and special concern to enhance protection .Developing and disseminating information the Commonwealth of Virginia have coopera- through the permitting process. for the public and educational institutions on tively established a Virginia Natural Heritage � Eliminating government sanctioned pro- the values of and need to protect wetlands. Program. This program has been identifying grams which are counterproductive to wet- .Initiatin- technical assistance programs to significant "elements of natural diversity" in the land protection, and establishing private state such as rare species, natural communities sector incentive programs. support local government protection efforts. and unique habitat, and determines the relative � Identifying priority areas for wetlands pres- -Evaluating the individual and cumulative urgency of their need for protection. Data from ervation through land acqUiSitiOD. effects on wetlands of current best manage- this program is helpful in state natural resources ment practices, shallow water dredging, management and in protecting important species 3. Building the Base: Rehabilitating, Restoring, structural shore erosion practices, and alter- and critical habitat, including unique wetland and Creating Wetlands ation of the land/water interface. habitats. Commensurate with the goal of obtaining a net Assessing the design and effectiveness of Since the methodology for data collection and resource gain is the need to protect the existing artificial wetlands developed for wildlife and assessment is the same for all states' natural wetlands base, thereby reducing extensive crea- waterfowl improvement, shore erosion con- heritage programs, Virginia has access to infor- tion and restoration projects. In those instances trol, wastewater treatment, or acid mine ination from neighboring states as well as na- where unavoidable losses occur, compensatory drainage. tional network information. Formal cooperative creation, rehabilitation, or restoration measures Natural Heritage Programs are found in 47 states will be required. The policy emphasizes coopera- Private efforts also play a role in wetland and in Canada and Latin America. The Depart- tive design and evaluation of compensatory protection in Virginia. The Nature Conservancy, ment of Conservation and Recreation adminis- mitigation projects, along with long-term moni- a nonprofit, privately supported land preserva- ters the Heritage Program now housed in the toring and management of these sites. Equally tion organization that devotes its resources to the Division of Natural Areas Conservation. important tools for building the base of function- protection of unique and ecologically valuable ing wetlands are incentives and land acquisition. areas, has made a significant contribution to the Ducks Unlimited, Inc. is another nonprofit Major actions include: preservation of wetlands in Virginia. Two of the organization interested in preserving critical �Using private sector incentives to encourage most notable preserves established by the Con- habitat, specifically wetlands. Although most of rehabilitation, restoration, and creation of servancy encompass the Great Dismal Swamp, their acquisition efforts have focused on areas in wetlands transferred to the Fish and Wildlife Service for Canada, Mexico, and the northern midwest management, and the Virginia Coast Reserve, a states, a program initiated in 1985, called �Acquiring strategic sites to provide appropri- chain of 13 barrier islands located along the MARSH (Matching Aid to Restore States'Habi- ate locations for wetland restoration, crea- Eastern Shore of Virginia, which is managed by tat), offers funds for acquisition, preservation, tion, and use activities. the Conservancy. The Conservancy is now look- protection, and enhancement of wetlands to all 161 states. Ducks Unlimited and the Department of the Commonwealth. This will ensure that wet- - Adequate staffing and improved surveillance Game and Inland Fisheries are working coopera- lands are categorized and prioritized according to and enforcement programs are needed to tively on this program, targeting certain areas for their relative values. The inventory will also effectively implement existing laws and habitat improvement. enable the resource managers to ascertain the policies or future programs. [Pi-G] Wetlands may also be preserved in Virginia vulnerability of wetland areas and monitor their - Emphasize preserving unique or vulnerable through the donation of conservation easements alteration. wetlands through acquisition and conserva- to state, county, or city governments and to Priorities for Protection tion easement programs. [Pi-C] regional park authorities and under the 1988 The Governor has declared the Chesapeake - Develop comprehensive land use plans and Conservation Easement Act to certain qualified Bay and its watershed to be a high priority for corresponding zoning ordinances in all local- nonprofit organizations. Conservation easements water quality and habitat protection. Therefore, ities. These land use plan-, should recognize offer many benefits to the landowner. Promotion of' highest priority for protection from degrada- the importance of wetlands and flood plains of this concept and an increase in public aware- tion will be wetlands of the Chesapeake Bay and and protect them from the adverse affects of ness of wetland values could preserve significant its tributaries. [Pi-C] development and incompatible land uses. environments without the burdens of regulation. [111-H, P2-A, P2-E] Additionally, the State Wetlands Act allows the The Virginia Outdoors Plan identifies numer- Marine Resources Commission to receive gifts, ous wetlands that are unique or sensitive and An integrated management approach would grants, and bequests of wetlands, A few small recommended for protection. provide an array of options to state government, gifts have been made, generally for tax purposes. The Natural Heritage Program identifies sig- communities, developers, and citizens for wet- This program could gain momentum in future land preservation. Such an approach would also years as private owners become aware of the nificant wetlands throughout the state that have foster the public's understanding and interest in potential financial benefits of such donations. rare, threatened, or endangered species within protecting this resource. The issue of wetland The Virginia Outdoors Foundation, the Depart- them or are unique or representative communi- protection has become a challenge for all con- ment of Conservation and Recreation, and t e ties of' Virginia. A priority for protection will cerned citizens of the Commonwealth and can no Chesapeake Bay Foundation also acquire inter- include those areas identified by the Natural longer be ignored. ests in wetlands for protection purposes. Heritage Program as being significant and which are threatened by some action of man which will Table 15 lists those wetlands that have been In recent decades, tidal wetlands, and even impact the wetland. identified as priorities for protection under the more recently nontidal wetlands, have become Other actions which should be seriously con- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Wetlands Prior- recognized as beneficial resources to our society. ity Protection Plan. Perhaps because of Virginia's maritime orienta- sidered by the Commonwealth include: tion and possibly due to the early attention these Develop a state nontidal wetlands policy areas received, coastal wetlands are better pro- with the necessary mechanisms to provide tected by regulatory and conservation programs the wise stewardship of these areas. A single than nontidal wetlands. However, many existing agency should be delegated the responsibil- programs need strengthening and others should ity to administer a protection program for be developed if these valuable areas are to be nontidal wetlands. [P I-C] preserved for the benefit of future generations. Develop tax incentives and educational pro- The completion of the National Wetlands inven- grams, similar to those in other states, which tory now being conducted by the U.S. Fish and have proven to be effective in encouraging Wildlife in cooperation with the Council on the private citizens and local governments to Environment will provide needed information on protect wetland areas. [Pi-H] the location, condition, and types of wetlands in 162 Table 15 Wetlands Priorities for Protection Accornack County Alexandria County Brunswick County Smith Island Complex Rolfs Tract Natural Area Nottoway River Swamp Fox & Little Islands Meherrin River Wetlands Freeschool Marsh Amelia County Michael Marsh Appomattox River Wetlands Buckingham County Byrds Marsh Slate River Baileys Ridge Augusta County fames River Arborvitae Bluff Marks Island/lacks Island Back Creek Halfmoon Island Mt. Torrey Furnace Campbell County Webb Island Campbells Pond Big Otter River-Hemlock Slope Flannegan Point Marsh Cold Spring Bridge Big Otter River-North Slope Custis Cove Marsh Green Pond Big Marsh Complex Grove Farm Pond Caroline County Parkers Marsh St. Mary's River Skinkers Neck Scuitkill Neck Marsh Complex South River Wet Meadow Moss Neck/Corbins Neck Hacks Neck Maple Flat Sinkhole Pond Alexander Berger Memorial Sanctuary Hyslop Marsh Wakena-Gleason Marsh Camden Pitts Creek Marsh Warehouse Marsh Meadow Creek Pond Drummonds Millpond Peterson Pond Ware Creek Wallops Island Lebanon Church Fault Pete Ross Swamp Watts Island Ramseys Draft Ruther Glen Wetlands Chincoteague Interior Natural Chimneys Turkey Track Creek Swale Wetlands Magnolia Swamp North Anna River Wetlands Cedar Island Kennedy Mountain Meadow Metomkin Island Shenandoah Mountain Carroll County Chincoteague NWR Sink Holes Hanks Branch Saxis WMA Linard Creek Parramore Island Bath County Revel Island Bolar Mountain Pond Charles City County Sandy Island Shenandoah Mountain Herring Creek Marsh Assawoman Island Sink Holes Weyanoke Point Parson's Island/Sunken Marsh/Old Neck Albemarle County Bedford County Morris Creek Marsh Fernbrook Natural Area Cap of Smith Mountain Chickahominy River Marshes Chickahominy Swamp Alleghany County Botetourt County Lower Kittewan Marsh Potts Pond fames RiverTerrace Salem Run Bog near Warminster Chickahominy WMA 163 Table 15 continued Chesapeake County Dragon Run Grayson County Pocaty Creek Swamp Jones Creek Wetlands Big Spring Bog Northwest River Wetlands Devil's Horseshoe Elbow Big Wilson Creek West Landing Baylor Swamp Hanks Branch Gum Swamp Fairfax Mt. Rogers Wetlands Chesterfield County Mt. Vernon Tidal Marsh Piney Creek Bog Dutch Gap Fault Dogue Creek Greensville County Appomattox River Marshes Pohick & Accotink Creeks Beaver Pond Creek Appomattox River Wetlands Great Marsh Turners Crossroads Presquile NWR Kanes Creek Skipper's Bog Cumberland County Burling Woods Park Meherrin River Wetlands Willis River Wetlands Eakin Park Wetlands Hanover County Dickenson County Mason Neck NWR Chickahominy Swamp Breaks Interstate Park Fraser Preserve North Anna River Wetlands Floyd Curies Neck Dinwiddie County Bottom Creek Gorge Chickahominy Swamp Nottoway River Swamp Twin Falls (Lick Fork Falls) Rowanty Swamp Henrico County Appomattox River Wetlands Frederick Chickahominy River Preserve Essex County Back Creek/Route 681 Highland County Otterburn Marsh White's Marsh Shenandoah Mountain Sink Holes Hoverroale Ponds Drake's Marsh Giles County Isle of Wight County Horsehead Point Craneberr, Lawnes Neck Creek Marsh Marsh Point y Bog Pagan River Marsh Ibbys Point Little Meadows Ragged Island WMA Beverly Marsh Mountain Lake Ballard Marsh Payne's Island Gloucester County Blackwater River Swamp Broad Creek Purtan Island Horse Swamp Mount Landing Creek Wetlands Catlett Islands Zuni Pine Barrens Essex County Four Point Marsh Hoskins Creek Marsh Bush Point Marsh Piscataway Creek Marsh Dragon Run Paynes Island/Beverly Marsh Poropotank River 164 Table 15 continued James City County Walkerton New Kent County Big Marsh Point Clayborne Creek Marsh Lilly Point Marsh Complex Yarmouth, Simpson & Wright Creeks Pamunkey Indian Reservation West Island Ware Creek & Terrapin Point Shanty Creek Cousiac Marsh Taskinas Creek Lancaster County Hill Marsh Passmore Creek Mosquito Island Ware Creek & Terrapin Point College Creek Marsh North Point Marsh Chickahominy River Marshes Chisel Run Bog Belle Island Chickahominy Swamp Chickahominy River Marshes Belle Isle Lanexa Marsh King George County Cumberland'rhoroughfare Moss Neck/Corbins Neck Lee County Matton Creek Skinkers Neck Powell River Wetlands Whites Landing Cleve Marsh Unthanks Cave Holts Creek Horsehead Point Lunenburg County North Anna River Wetlands Marsh Point Meherrin River Wetlands Big Creek Tobys Point Nottoway Falls Newport News County Caledon Creek Madison County Mulberry Island Chotank Creek Big Meadows Warwick River Persimmon Point Northampton County Gambo Creek Mathews County Butlers Bluff Upper Machodoc Creek Lilleys Neck Fishermans Island Nanzatico WMA Mathews County Interior Wetlands Greens Creek King William County Middlesex County Plantation Creek Brooks Creek Marsh Dragon Run Wreck & Bone Islands Heartquake Creek Marshes Montgomery County Savage Neck Dunes Green Island Marshes Bottom Creek Gorge Eastern Shore of Virginia NWR Cohoke Marsh Falles Ridge Preserve Mockhorn Island WMA Sweet Hall Marsh Hog Island Lee Marsh Nelson County Cobb Island Eltham Marsh Love Swamp Godwin Island Horse Landing Tye River Hemlock-Beech Slope Ship Shoal Island Pointers Landing Helena's Island Preserve Mink Island Myrtle Island Smith Island Rogue Island Magothy Bay Fringing Bottomlands 165 Table 15 continued Northumberland County Featherstone NWR Smyth County Hack Creek Marumsco NWR Saltville Marshes Bluff Point Marsh Richmond County Mt. Rogers Wetlands Bell Swamp/Owens Point Broad Creek Gap of Smith Mountain Dameron Marsh Cat Point Creek Southampton County Nottoway County Little Carter Creek Marsh Blackwater River Swamp Nottoway River Swamp Totuskey Creek Nottoway River Swamp Nottoway Falls Downing Bridge Marsh Turners Crossroads Page County Jones Creek Wetlands Beaver Pond Creek Unamed Bog Rockbridge County Kirk Track Middle Mountain Site Goshen Pass Natural Area Assamoosick Swamp Rhododendron Bog Short Hills Smith Island Big Meadows Rockingham County Meherrin River Wetlands Powhatan County Deep Run Pond Spotsylvania County Appomattox River Wetlands Madison Run Alexander Berger Memorial Sanctuary Prince Edward County Maple Springs Pond Ware Creek Allen's Mill Little Laurel Run Hazel Run Fault Prince George County Shenandoah Mountain Sink Holes Stafford County Russell County Aquia Creek Powell Creek Marsh Accakeek Creek Kennon Marsh Clinch River Floodplain Potomac Creek Ward's Creek Laurel Bed Lake Wetlands Dutch Gap Fault Scott County Stafford County Upper Chippokes Creek Clinch River Shoals Chopawarnsic Creek Appomattox River Wetlands Pendleton Island Tank Creek Fault Appomattox River Marshes Rye Cove Crows Nest Prince William County Pendleton Island Preserve Suffolk County Neabsco Creek Marsh Shenandoah County Nansemond River/Bennett Creek Marshes Poweirs Creek Mudhole Gap Bog Hoffler Creek Marsh Quantico Creek Peter's Mill Run Bog South Quay Pine Barrens Chopawarnsic Creek Massanutten Wetlands Blackwater River Great Dismal Swamp NWR 166 Table 15 condnued Surry County Washington County Currioman Bay Upper Chippokes Creek Saltville Marshes Hollis Marsh Island Sunken Meadow Pond Rush Creek Bridges Creek Crouch Creek & Timber Neck Creek Westmoreland County York County Lower Chippokes Creek Marsh Drake's Marsh College Woods Hog Island Otterburn Marsh Grafton Ponds Lawnes Neck Creek Marsh Nomini Cliffs Blackwater River Swamp Sorry Site Swann@s Point Mt. Pleasant Sussex County Nottoway River Swamp Charles C. Steirly Natural Area Nottoway Falls Sussex Schoolhouse Swamp Assamoosick Swamp Tazewell County Tazewell Beartown Wetland Burkes Garden Laurel Bed Lake Wetlands Virginia Beach County North Landing River Wetlands Pocaty Creek Swamp Seashore State Park Blackwater Creek Pungo Causeway False Cape State Park Gum Swamp . . . ....... Stumpy Lake Back Bay Wetlands Back Bay NWR Pocohontas WMA Trojan WMA ARW Barbour's Hill WMA 167 Table 16 lists those sites identified for protection access across private lands, with the owners or enhancement under the North American permission. Until fairly recently, these informal Waterfowl Management Plan. sites, in combination with the excellent facilities provided by the Department of Game and Inland TABLE 16 Fisheries, were adequate to satisfy the demand. Dramatic increases in use levels in the last few years, however, have resulted in increased in- North American Waterfowl Management Plan stances of trespass, littering, and vandalism and Focus Area Acreage? consequently the posting of many of the informal sites previously open to the public. Virginia: During the last decade, it became apparent that ACREAGE the various sectors of government needed to AREA PROTECTION ENHANCEMENT TOTAL intensify their efforts to increase formal river VA Eastern Shore (Seaside) 14,500 500 15,000 access opportunities. The Department of Game VA Eastern Shore (Bayside) 7,000 800 7,800 and Inland Fisheries in response to this need has Pamunkey River Marshes 9,200 100 9,300 significantly increased their inland boating Chickahominy River Marshes 4,400 50 4,450 access program, acquiring and developing thirty- three sites between 1982 and 1987, with similar James River Marshes 3,650 50 3,700 progress expected to continue. Many of these Back Bay/North River Landing Marshes 8,300 500 8,800 sites have been provided as a direct result of Rappahannock River Marshes 4,150 200 4,350 interagency and intergovernmental coordination. Mattaponi River Marshes 2,500 - 100 2,600 The Department of Game and Inland Fisheries, York River'Marshes 1,400 250 1,650 the Department of Transportation, and the De- partment of Conservation and Recreation formal- Western Bayshore Marshes ized a cooperative agreement whereby potential (Reedville-Mobjack Bay) 2,475 - 275 2,750 bridge replacement and road realignment pro- TOTAL 57,575 2,825 60,400 jects are screened by all three agencies to deter- *Includes all protection strategies, i.e., acquisition, cooperative agreements, lease, easements, enhancement, etc. mine the feasibility of incorporating river access facilities into the project. This cooperative ven- River resources in Virginia are more than ture has the potential of providing a significant Inland River Access adequate to accommodate current and projected amount of river access without the necessity for use levels. As is the case with a number of other new land acquisitions. Another highly produc- According to the 1987 Demand Survey, almost resource based activities, however, access is a tive cooperative program is being carried out 30% of all participation in outdoor recreation by limiting factor. Public access to inland rivers and between the Department of Game and Inland Virginians is water based. The increase in the streams ranges from excellent to virtually nonex- Fisheries, the Tennessee Valley Authority, and popularity of canoeing, rafting, and kayaking istent, depending on the river. local and regional units of government. Under over the past decade has been remarkable. River this agreement, a number of access sites have running has moved from a barely perceptible Historically, a majority of the public's recrea- been provided on the rivers in Southwest Vir- participation rate in 1972 to one of the 20 most tional access to rivers and streams has been ginia under the purview of TVA. popular outdoor recreation activities, with over informal in nature, consisting primarily of road The role of local government in the provision of one million Virginians participating in 1987. rights-of-way at bridge crossings and some river access opportunities should be expanded. 168 City, county, and town governments should take owners of riparian lands in their locality and continue an effective access provision program, the initiative in providing access areas and determine their willingness to make land avail- the Department of Conservation and Historic facilities on those rivers and streams which are or able for the development of river access facilities. Resources completed a statewide inventory of primary interest to their own citizenry, thereby Opportunities also exist for local government to both formal and informal access sites in 1982. By allowing the Game Department to continue to develop cooperative access agreements with civic developing a comprehensive picture of access concentrate on providing access to rivers which and/or conservation organizations which may locations on our major rivers and streams, it constitute recreational resources of greater than have riparian land holdings. Because neither the becomes much easier to locate "holes" or "gaps" in local significance. area requirements nor the facility developments the system. The identification of these gaps will A significant opportunity exists at the local for access areas need be extensive, costs for all aid in the formulation of priorities for the expend- level for cooperative ventures between govern- pa .rt.ies concerned can frequently be kept to a iture of increasingly limited funding. Existing ment and the private sector. Park and recreation minimum. and potential access areas are shown on the map planning officials should identify corporate In order to aid in the planning necessary to on page 170. 169 -n OM K too > > m w -n L 5; L o n 0 oM'-' M, -oz MZW a:umm G) T mg:co no-O ()- ED Zq M m m G) r- --Ioo_ OC7 0--i-n om m ch z > 0 CnMOG) M-O> U02 Zml G) Mm 01@ F; M-6 --4 Oom >0 o mm X III cn-00 > 0 C Z W Too v Recommendations Successfully meeting a meaningful percentage of current and projected demand for recreational river access is going to require continued coordi- nation an ariety o d cooperation between a w f governmental agencies, as well as segments of T the private sector. Implementation of the follow- ing recommend ations should significantly en- hance access opportunities: State and federal land managing agencies, such as the Army Corps of Engineers, Na- tional Park Service, U.S. Forest Service, e Division of State Parks, the Department of Forestry, and the Department of Transporta- tion should survey their real estate f )oldings to determine the degree of potential to satisfy i river access needs. [P2-G] Increasing ,ly heavy use of popular river segments are beginning to result in condi- T tions of overcrowding, overfishing, promis cuous trespass, litter, and conflicts between user types. Livery operators, river users, state, regional, and local government officials i 4 will need to give consideration to the devel- opmeirit of river corridor management plans which address these problems. [112-El Beaches assist localities in the enhancement and protec- �Local and state agencies should intensify tion of public beaches. Of the more than 5,000 their efforts to involve corporate land manag- Beach use/sunbathing is the single most popu- miles of shoreline in the tidal portion of the state, ing interests in the provision of public river lar outdoor recreation activity participated in by the Board has identified only about 24 miles of access. [P2-A] Virginians, in terms of total numbers of partici- public beach. This beach is locally controlled by �Existing interagency and intergovernmental pants. Approximately 44% of the state's popula- fee acquisition or easement and is eligible for cooperation and coordination in the provi- tion participated in this activity in 1987. The public beach funding. sion of access opportunities should Continue Outdoor Recreation Area and Facilities Inventory The public sector provides additional miles of and new opportunities for such cooperation indicates a surplus of beach resources. However, high quality beach, which has limited public sought. [P2-G] because many of these beach areas are privately access. Many of the federal sites have restricted � The Department of Game and Inland Fisher- owned, and many which are publicly owned are use because of the military mission or because of ies should continue acquisition and develop- inaccessible, there is actually a deficit of avail- agency policy. Although most of the state-owned ment of river access sites of regional signifi- able, public beaches. beaches are more open, access is limited due cance. [Pi-C] The Board on the Conservation of Public to insufficient parking and limited support Beaches was created by the General Assembly to facilities. 171 The Commonwealth has conducted a tidal beach inventory and evaluation in order to piece together a "picture" of the state's beach resources. The purpose of the study was to determine if and where opportunities exist and to improve their public recreational usability, as well as to deter- mine where the priorities should be with regard to governmental actions aimed at increasing and improving beach availability to the public. The beaches inventoried were evaluated and ranked according to six weighted quality factors: physi- cal quality; extent; proximity to population; fastland use and/or condition; accessibility; and ownership. Those resources which ranked high- est are depicted on the map on page 173. Not all beaches are appropriate for intense AL recreation. Beaches which are prime habitat for endangered species should receive special plan- ning and consideration. The management of such areas will need to balance recreation use with species protection. In addition, care must be taken to provide protection of the dunes and their associated vegetation. The primary conclusion drawn from this inventory and evaluation process was that a substantial amount of high quality beach can be made available for public use without the neces- sity of large scale land acquisition. Access and support facility development at three existing state parks and at Back Bay National Wildlife @N, Refuge would result in making over 14 miles of currently inaccessible, high quality beach, avail- able for use. exists, but is limited by a lack of parking and be a priority. Also, where justifiable and feasible, In Recreation Region 3, the primary destina- other support facilities. these beaches should be enlarged. The proposed tion of a majority of the state's beach users, there Although a majority of the beach use in the state park on the eastern shore should provide a are over 20 miles of excellent beach to which Commonwealth takes place in the Tidewater large beach and public access to the Chesapeake public access is severely limited. The local govern- region, opportunities to increase beach availabil- Bay. ments in this region should be alert to opportun- ity in other areas should not be ignored. For In summary, much of the need for additional ities to provide improved access to the beach, example, beach areas are among the most heavily beach can and should be satisfied through better particularly in areas where public use already used resources found within our state parks. utilization of those beaches already in the public Insuring access to all state park beaches should estate. 172 A . ...... .. ul Co 3 z 00 r*% F- < WCZW a:00cr p C) Z 6 W L.L Cr < 0 (.) LU I Lu @-- U) CC 0::) a. z cr LLJ W 00 ccl R w 02 ow OM z Reconunendations ginia Outdoors Plan, the JLA&RC study, and the have potential for future multiple use, including Implementation of the following recommenda- Department of General Services all set goals and compatible recreation. It should be pointed out tions should help to achieve increased utilization objectives encouraging the wise use of the Com- that a parcel of public land which has been of public beaches: monwealth's land resources. Multiple use has identified as underutilized or potentially surplus been an alternative that has been recommended is not automatically suitable for public recreation. � The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service should by the Department of Conservation and Recrea- Nevertheless, uncommitted public lands need to consider ways in which it's beach resources tion, as well as a number of other groups and be evaluated to determine if recreational use can be made available for public use while agencies, as one way of obtaining additional would be a compatible alternative. meeting its mandate to protect wildlife and public benefit from these properties. The Department of Conservation and Recrea- wildlife habitat. [Pi-C] The Outdoor Recreation Demand Survey tion has statewide responsibility for affecting a � The state should place a priority on maximiz- points out that Virginians are demanding more comprehensive plan for long-range acquisition ing the use potential of state park beaches. and more in the way of recreational areas and and development of a complete state recreation [Pi-B] facilities. Although the major responsibility for system. All previous Outdoors Plans advocated � Military installations should be encouraged acquiring and developing these facilities rests multiple use of public lands as a wise and bene- to increase the amount of beach available to with the Department of Conservation and Recre- ficial use of the resources of the Commonwealth. the public. [Pi-C] ation, the Department of Game and Inland Fi- The Division of Planning and Recreation Re- sheries, and local units of government, there sources staff is in a position to coordinate with � The cities of Norfolk and Virginia Beach appear to be many instances where existing other state agencies and local units of government should work toward improving access to state-owned lands which have a nonrecreation in order to help evaluate the recreation potential their public beaches by providing vehicular primary use might be utilized to some degree for of public properties and to suggest arrangements parking along Ocean View, Atlantic Avenue, recreation. More efficient use could be made of that might help to open up selected parcels for and Shore Drive. [Pi-C, P1-F] such properties by permitting compatible recrea- various recreational activities. � The state should acquire public beach front tional developments to occur on certain of the underutilized or potentially surplus areas. as part of any state park acquisition pro- yt The Division of Engineering and Buildings is gram. [Pi-B] the state agency with legislative responsibility for coordinating the review and disposition of Other State Properties state-owned properties. Over the past few years, the Division has developed maps and descrip- Throughout the Commonwealth, there are tions of the real property belonging to 17 land about 629,000 acres of land belonging to state managing agencies and institutions. The almost agencies and institutions. The vast majority of 300,000 acres of property inventoried, excluding 4 these resources are committed to specific public highway department right-of-way and state owned bottoms, host a full range of functions functions. However, there are lands belong ing to some agencies that have been identified as under- including conservation, recreation, education, utilized and potentially surplus. A joint Legisla- health and corrections. tive Audit and Review Commission [ILA&RC) Of the 300,000 acres, 15,000 were identified by J study indicated that there may be as much as the JLA&RC study, and subsequently by the t 15,000 acres of such lands statewide. Department of Forestry and the Division of Article XI of the State Constitution, The Vir- Engineering and Buildings, as resources that may 174 C*4 cv) 4 tUR seam As -3 _59 co r-@ Go ',j cm 17 LO M C400 CH HA -253 N 10 LO U) 9S 5. OF co co =88 LO Ln 5-1 to LO co Lo zm_ wz > 0 0 w >-- itig Z< MIR IsIg-I Met LU ',,04-, t 9 cc (D w C) I"(v)k @-- :F cc < 0 w p U3 LL z w z w C z LL w Z 10, 21. k LUz wCL LU D>- -Jo8w 101, a OZ 0E Lij Cc a) U) C-)Q(/) 0- CL D VE h; it a Mg MIN Min IM RE-1482.1-91;l3al ;.j L4 4 w @6.4 @d Recommendations year. Providing close-to-home park and open parks could be considered to meet a specific need The following recommendations should be space areas is a basic responsibility of local for a specific population. implemented in order to evaluate state-owned government. In combination, neighborhood and community property and identify opportunities for recrea- Studies have revealed that a majority of the parks should provide for a majority of the citi- tional use: population feels more parks and recreation areas zen's close-to-home recreational needs. Commu- � The Division of Engineering and Buildings are needed near large cities. The three most often nity parks are designed to serve two or more should consider compatible recreational expressed needs were: 1) more facilities for both neighborhoods and generally provide those activities as a potential use for surplus or organized sports and for unscheduled freeplay, 2) facilities which require more space than can underutilized public lands. [131 -C] more local parks, and 3) more local recreation normally be accommodated at a neighborhood � Before disposing of real estate through public programs. This expressed desire for expanded park. A planning standard of three acres per sales or auction; the Division of Engineering facilities and opportunities, coupled with the fact thousand population, with a minimum size of and Buildings should check with the Depart- that 80% of American adults consider outdoor 20� acres, is recommended for community ment of Conservation and Recreation, the recreation an important or very important aspect parks. Facilities should include such things as Department of Game and Inland Fisheries, of family life, emphasizes the significant role lighted game fields and court complexes, a swim- and local parks and recreation directors to which local government plays in satisfying the ming pool, a picnic area, and walking and jogging see if the parcel (s) have potential for present recreation demand in Virginia. Approximately trails. These should be within 15 minutes driving or future recreational use. (Pi -C] one-third of the population is participating in time of the client population. If possible it should more recreation than they did five years ago. be located near the center of the community and � The Department of Conservation and Recre- Younger single adults and couples are spending have good access and service by public ation should work with all land managing more time recreating. transportation. agencies which have underutilized lands, to As a general rule, a locality should provide a The district park is the largest of the three evaluate recreational potential and help develop cooperative agreements, use permits, minimum of ten acres of park land per thousand types of parks for which local governments or leases, on those lands where recreation is population. However, acreage alone should not be should be responsible. Four acres per thousand compatible. Such mechanisms would enable used as an indicator of adequacy. Distribution is population, with a minimum size of 50 acres, the Commonwealth to retain title to the land also an important factor. A properly planned should be used as a planning standard. In addi- while permitting some form of recreational park and recreation system should include three tion to providing many of the same facilities often use. [P2-A) types of areas, each serving a particular set of found in community parks, the district park needs. Because the needs which they are intended should provide substantial undeveloped open to meet are different, so are their size, facilities, space to accommodate passive or unstructured Local and Regional Parks and service radii. recreational opportunities and enhance visual The first of the three types of areas which a amenities in the area. Ideally, a district park One of the most important elements of an locality should provide for its citizens is the would be located within 15 to 20 minutes driving adequate outdoor recreation system for the neighborhood park. Ideally, a neighborhood park time of anyone in the target population. They Commonwealth is a system of local and regional should provide about three acres of park land per should be served by mass transit means, where parks. Today, the types of recreation facilities thousand population and be within 5-15 minutes appropriate, and be accessible by pedestrians most in demand are those which people can use or 1/z to 11/2 miles walking distance of those it is and/or bikes. on a daily basis. American adults utilize city or intended to serve. The park should be intensely Although not necessarily exclusively the re- community parks more than any other type of developed and include playground equipment, sponsibility of individual local units of govern- outdoor recreation area. Over 40% of this popula- game courts, and play fields. If possible the ment, regional parks are nonetheless an impor- tion visits local parks more than 10 times per neighborhood park should be located near a tant element of an adequate outdoor recreation school and/or a neighborhood center. Smaller system. With a recommended service radius of 176 .Ctq D119 ELI 0,4?A NORTHERN VIRG'INIA RE61 AL PARK AUTHORITY A$ 4t, 25 miles and a minimum of 100 acres in size, consider when planning the development of a open space system. Opportunities for partner- regional parks may best be provided by two or park and recreation system. Among these areas ships with private enterprise to assist in meeting more units of government working together. are stream valleys, landfills, flood plains, and community recreational demands should also be Regional parks should have a wide variety of abandoned railroad right-of-way corridors. fully explored. developed facilities in order to provide recrea- Because development is usually restricted, Local Recreation Programs tional opportunities for all age groups. Undeve- stream valleys frequently offer excellent oppor- One hundred and seventeen full-time local loped open space to accommodate unstructured tunities for trail construction. Utility corridors parks and recreation departments operate within recreational pursuits should also be available. and abandoned railroad rights-of-way should Virginia. Or the 96 counties in the state, 54 have Although specific local park sites are not also be considered for trail development. These full-time departments as well as all cities and 16 identified in The Virginia Outdoors Plan, they linear corridors provide opportunities for com- incorporated towns. Thirteen percent of the are included in the inventory of facilities main- munifies to work together to provide greenbelt or state's population remains unserved by a local tained by the Department of Conservation and greenway parks. They can provide protection to recreation program, with the largest voids pres- Recreation. The Plan does identify several gen- the resource base while linking cultural, histori- ent in Recreation Regions 5, 7, 8, 9, and 11. eral areas of opportunity which localities should cal, recreational, and natural areas into a unified '177 The majority of local departments place Every city, town, county, and planning dis- tems should involve the participation of local greater priority on the provision of recreation trict should prepare and adopt an open space recreation personnel in developing and reno- programs and activities than on the acquisition and recreation plan and an action program vating school facilities. [P2-C] of park properties. Recreation budgets, when for developing a comprehensive system of Localities should comply with House joint compared to other local services, are often very open space and outdoor recreation opportun- Resolution 12 (January 1988) requesting limited, meeting primarily payroll and operating ities. These plans should be consistent with school systems and local recreation depart- expenditures. Opportunities for parkland acqui- The Virginia Outdoors Plan and should be ments to enter into cooperative use agree- sition are often limited to the availability of state periodically updated to reflect changing ments. [P2-C] and federal funding and private donations. conditions and circumstances. [P2-E] Local governments should solicit the partici- While many departments work cooperatively Local governments should make the neces- pation of school authorities when developing with school systems to provide community level sary commitments to preserve important a parks and recreation system. [Pl-C] programs throughout the jurisdiction, more scenic, recreation, cul tu ral /historic, and open localities need to consider the implementation of space resources, including floodplains, Adjacent counties and towns not currently the school/park concept. The school/park con- stream valleys, scenic roads, and scenic providing local recreation opportunities cept promotes the schools and surrounding land rivers. Floodplains and stream valleys are should explore possibilities for combining and facilities as community recreation centers particularly valuable as recreation and open resources to meet regional demands coopera- during nonschool hours. The concept requires the space resources. If managed for passive tively. Existing systems may need to re- close cooperation of school and recreation per- recreation, floodplains and stream valleys evaluate services and facilities and combine sonnel throughout facility planning, devel- are protected from more intense uses which opportunities where duplication occurs, or opment, and renovation to ensure that a balance can result in environmental and public safety where certain demands can not be met of recreational and educational features are concerns, and can provide educational and through one jurisdiction's resources alone. provided. An operating agreement between the recreational opportunities as well as water [P2-A] school board and the governing body should be access. [Pl-C] Cities, towns, and counties should consider established to encourage full utilization of all Local governments should make stronger the creation of a park authority composed of available resources. budgetary commitments to parks and recre- several area political jurisdictions. Fre- The following recommendations are made ation system maintenance management and quently, such an authority can provide areas with respect to local and regional park providers development where possible, and seek alter- and facilities, the scope of which is beyond in the state: native methods of funding such as set-aside the capabilities of its individual members. � Government recreation providers should ordinances, fees and charges and private Larger metropolitan areas particularly are make efforts to increase public awareness of partnerships. [Pi-11 in need of such cooperative mechanisms. the facilities and programs which they offer. -Cities and other urban areas should consider [P2-A] According to recent studies, a lack of infor- providing access to certain outlying recrea- -Local governments should consider entering mation on available opportunities is the tion areas, by means of public transit. [PI-F] into cooperative management agreements for single largest deterrent to the citizens' use of -Local governments should make their parks the recreational use of private, corporate, public recreation areas, facilities, and pro- and programs accessible to special popula- state, or federally owned lands. [P2-AJ grams. [P2-G] tions, including senior adults and persons -Local government should consider the adop- � Localities should make use of available state with disabilities. [PI-E, Pi-F] tion of special ordinances providing for planning and technical assistance in their -Local governments should consider the im- special tax assessments for open space prop- efforts to maximize the use of existing public plementation of the school/park concept erties adjacent to public lands identified in and private resources. [Pl-H] when possible. As a minimum, school sys- this Plan which are consistent with the local comprehensive plan, [Pl-C, Pl-H, P2-EJ 178 Private Sector 41 Since 1980, Virginia has grown 10.4% as com- pared to 7.4% for the nation. Each year thousands A of houses are constructed and thousands of acres of land are transformed into subdivisions, offi- ces, and other areas of intensive use. Growth is a reality and can be a positive force. As new areas are constructed we must look for new ways to shape our environment and provide the parks 3 necessary for recreation and relaxation. In order to protect the critical areas in a com- munity, government at both state and the local level need to identify key elements of their recrea- tional, natural, and cultural heritage. There are several stages which outline the process communities can take to control growth. These include: 1) Identify prime assets and set goals to protect them. 2) Specify growth areas where damage does not accrue to prime assets. 3) Establish a public planning process. munity open space and greenway trail links to ces. States should help through planning, techni- other recreation areas. Private developers must cal assistance, and other means to ensure good 4) Work with local officials to use growth-shap- produce high quality designs and sell the quality planning can and does take place at the local ing tools to direct growth. concept to the residents and planners. Planners level. Finally, the state must exercise a coordi- One single protection method does not always in review of development plans must reward nated approach in directing funding for land provide the solution. Most localities find that creativity and innovation. Creative partnership protection, as well as development of roads, several tools may be necessary to establish a permits citizens to gain open space while the schools, and other growth programs. successful protection program. Commitments to private sector gains profits through higher qual- General tools exist for shaping growth. These funding key land acquisitions, good planning and ity development of recreation and cultural amen- include: ities. Governments gain by receiving parks, strong regulation options, and the use of existing higher quality development, and a working Identification of critical open spaces, unique government powers are all important elements in relationship between citizens, governments, and habitats, and sensitive areas under local a state and local protection program, the private developer. planning programs or state programs for Private enterprise working within government State government's role in this process includes specific resources, such as rivers, historic At&" 7 can accomplish protection of critical resources. identifying the critical state and regional re- sites, wetlands, or coastal zones. Natural This occurs when you have cluster housing sources. The state grants localities the authority heritage programs identify unique biological development which permits dedication of com- to protect, manage, and plan for critical resour- resources such as the habitats of rare and endangered plants and wildlife. 179 Zoning and other regulations that limit devel- opment in hazardous or environmentally At sensitive areas, such as prime farmlands, estuaries, wetlands, flood plains, or other natural areas necessary to protect rare or endangered plants and animals. Acquisition of critical lands and waters which need complete protection, including purchase of development or use rights in lieu of full fee-simple acquisitions, where such less-than-fee approaches are beneficial to both the public and private property owners. Land Trusts that can employ the full range of land protection tools, including acquisition of land rights, or easements, voluntary land- @w owner agreements, monitoring and steward ship. Local trusts or nonprofit groups work- ing with landowners can identify Mutually acceptable protection options, and can act more swiftly than governments if acquis-1- is required. Preferential taxation to owners of private many communities throughout the state. Private landowners, along with local, state, agricultural, forest, and open space lands Transfers of Development Rights (TDRs] are and federal government provide for acquisi- when they commit to keeping their lands free a relatively new tool based on the concept of tion, management, and development of the of development. Senate Bill 181 of the 1988 land ownership as a complex bundle of rights resource base. Private ownership utilizing General Assembly expanded the opportuni- including personal use, physical access, open space easements in concert with appro- ties for special assessment for land preserva- minerals, and the right to further develop- priate tax incentives establish the land own- tion. It now includes properties of two acres ment. This can allow transfers of develop- ership patterns. The private and public or more adjacent to a scenic river, a scenic ment rights from areas of low growth to areas sector work together to provide the manage- highway, a Virginia byway, or public prop- of more intensive development, providing ment plan which permits utilization and erty in The Virginia Outdoors Plan. Most landowners in restricted growth areas with growth, while recognizing and protecting preferential taxation schemes provide only compensation for developments which are sensitive properties critical to maintaining interim protection; landowners can later opt prohibited. TDR programs work well only in the integrity of the Land Preserve, The Pine- for more intensive development if they are conjunction with strong growth planning lands National Reserve is New Jersey and the willing to pay previously "forgiven" taxes. and zoning. Their usefulness may also be Piedmont Reserve in Virginia are models of Impact Fees and Mandatory Dedication enhanced by establishment of TDR "banks" this protection tool. Ordinances which require developers of land to buy, sell, and broker transfers between Recommendation to provide for recreation and other facilities landowners and developers. Protection can only take place in a partner- essentially linked to new residential, com- A Land Preserve can be a means of protecting ship environment. It will require a partner- mercial, or industrial developments. This has a region containing a variety of natural, ship between state and local government, as resulted in the dedication of lands in historic, cultural, and recreational resources. well as the public and private sector. [P2-A] 180 4* %___.".uLLAPTER X1X: Indoor Recreation Facilities For the first time, this plan includes a chapter A growing population has made it increasingly addressing the need for indoor recreational difficult for individuals and families to locate and facilities. Outdoor recreational resources provide. utilize indoor facilities that meet their needs. for a large portion of the total demand for recrea- Overcrowding and lack of funding for developing tional opportunity, but by no means satisfy a new facilities severely limits opportunities. community's entire leisure wants and needs. The Unlike outdoor opportunities that may be avail- desire for instructional classes, organized indoor able to a family literally in the backyard, indoor sports leagues, community theatre, and meeting facilities forleisure activities are not so prevalent. space for special interest groups can only be The provision of specific use facilities for instruc- satisfied by access to indoor facilities. This need tional programs, sports and fitness, cultural can be met in a variety of ways including build- events, and community gatherings is incumbent ing new community recreational facilities; maxi- upon local government if it wishes to improve the mizing the use of existing public and private quality of community life. facilities; revitalizing and renovating outdated facilities; and planning future public facilities for Comprehensive planning at the local level is multipurpose community usage. essential to providing a unified, well balanced , M"ra"' 181 system of leisure services. Facilities should be planned to complement each other. Piecemeal planning often results in sites and facilities with no systematic function nor sense of relationship. When including indoor facilities in the plan- @ t-1 ning process, localities should first consider the existing structures that are available. Making efficient use of existing public and private resour- res may meet the entire need for indoor facilities in some communities. The use of neighborhood schools for recreational programs should be a priority consideration. The 1988 Virginia Gen- eral Assembly passed a resolution encouragino d ... local school boards to work closely an cooperatively with local leisure service agencies, and to establish written cooperative agreements have independently. The facility boasts a full square feet and include several multipurpose between the two agencies, and for the school community recreation center including game rooms, gymnasium, locker room facilities, game administration to provide the OPPOrtUnity to room, canteen, dining common, clubroom, a 730- room, arts and crafts area, auditorium or theatre, local leisure agencies to comment on school seat theatre, a 68,000 square foot field house with classrooms, larger meeting room, restrooms, construction plans, and to generally encourage an I/a mile track, and a fully equipped arts studio, office, lounge or lobby, and specialized areas such the multiple use of school facilities which are a i.n addition to the school. Thomas Jefferson, a as ceramics workshop or weightroom. Large major investment on the part of taxpayers in the premiere facility concept in the Commonwealth, community centers may also house special use Commonwealth of Virginia" (HIR12). Sc ools, serves as a model concept for other jurisdictions facilities such as racquetball courts, tennis the natural focal point for many neighbor oods, nationwide. courts, swimming pools, skating areas, and are ideal locations for coinmunity, speci , and running tracks, depending on the availability of cultural events, sports activities, and instruc- Large and growing communities are realizing these facilities at other locations and the local tional programs for all ages. joint use of school pressures to provide specialized indoor facilities demand. facilities maximizes the benefits to the COMMU- for meeting local recreation needs. These facili- nity, with school children benefiting during ties may be developed separately or as a part of a school hours and the general public availing larger park development. Most popular is the Summary themselves of much needed recreational facilities demand for recreation centers. A recreation before and after school hours and during summer center located at the neighborhood level should be In summary, a well balanced leisure service months. between 15,000 and 20,000 square feet and serve system provides a combination of indoor and Where feasible, the community school concept up to approximately 8,000 people. The facility outdoor facilities where the public can satisfy a should be considered and implemented. An should include multipurpose rooms, an -arts and variety of recreational interests. In addition to outstanding example of this movement is found crafts area, game room, kitchen, lounge or lobby, open spaces for outdoor experiences, people need at the Thomas Jefferson junior High School and restrooms, and office. If gymnasium facilities are places to learn a craft, exercise, attend dramas, Community Center in Arlington. The school not provided at a nearby school, the center should play a game of basketball, or simply meet and include gymnasium and locker room facilities. h h al district, in cooperation with the Parks and Recre- socialize. Local governments will be challenged to ation Department, constructed a far better educa- Recreation centers serving an entire commu- provide diversified facilities to meet the public's tion/recreation center than either agency could nity or city should be between 20,000 and 40,000 many needs as communities continue to grow. 182 Z z0 ............ - Sw w -........... . 0 p CL 0 cc o ........... ....... a] Li ia ...... LAJ I.I.I. - mil a* Ic 0 Ul CA u -i Rs,- , Ld 0 .......... ........ :.. .. .............. . .......... ......... ....... .... ... .... -0@ ..... .. .. ....... 0 ... .......... ...... . ........... .................. .......... ........ .......... .......... Ui w Ali .... ......... Z,CL@ CA .. _j 0 z CL- Z. ..... .LL ... .............. 'Xo ........... -t (n , = .............. W CD ........... ..Q .......................... ...... .... ............. ..................... ...........Q ai ci 0i ....... .... ::.L ... ...... . ..... ........ ............ ........... . ...... .... ...... ...... ... . .. . .. ...... ...... ..... W.--- ..... .... .. .... ..... ... ui Ell: ..... . .......... ..... .... "', t; ..... .... ......... Lo. .. ..... .......... M m .. p .... jig ......... ........... ......... . .... .............. . ..... ............. ................. ui . . . ...... w cc ... .... . < Mis co ui UJ ...... P.-4 cr < a@ LU LU 0 0* z 0) cm 0 C) cr- co cm C.2 < z z z I'l a %__...L.LAPTER XK Regional Amalysis md Recommendations Introduction General recommendations for local facilities, however, are made and a chart, ranking activities by percent participation and broken down by The purpose of this chapter is to examine each PDC, is included in each regional narrative. This of the eleven recreation planning regions and evaluate them according to their particular needs, should aid planners in prioritizing needs at the _44 as determined by an updated 1987 Outdoor local level. Recreation Demand Survey and the 1987 Out- Another item of importance is the difference in door Recreation Areas and Facilities Inventory. the amount of facility needs shown in this Plan as Following each regional discussion is a set of compared to those shown in previous Outdoors recommendations which, if implemented, would Plans. As a result of an updated demand survey, help to meet major state recreational needs. better facilities inventory, and revised capacity These recommendations are keyed by number to standards, the state's current facility needs are the regional maps which show major existing realistic and serve as a better guide in the plan- and potential facilities. ning process. The specific proposals contained in this chap- In looking at the facility needs tables in each ter relate primarily to those facilities which are region, it is important to keep several factors in considered to be of national, state, or regional mind. First, the facility inventory does not in- significance. Items of a purely local nature are felt clude pools or tennis courts located within to be the responsibility of local government and apartment or townhouse complexes. These facil- should be included in local recreation plans. ities meet a significant demand in the state's 184 urban areas. Therefore, the actual need for pools and tennis courts in ar eas with significant -ovide numbers of apartment complexes that pi -in that indicated these facilities is actualiv less th, able. in the 1, Second, in the previous Plan, there was a /soccer double Count of facilities in the football -A! field category. The inventory combined football and soccer fields as one item. In the 1989 Plan, soccer participation rates and demand have been identified and presented in a realistic fashion to[, nch region. each facility with a needs table for e, '7V The recommendations in this chapter are directed primarily towards more efficient use of' 4 existing recreational sites. Each locality should carefully examine what they have and determine how, through multiple use, cooperative. agree- ments, leases, etc., they can increase recreational opportunity without expensive acquisitions. This is particularly important in meeting the high demands for bicycling and jogging facilities which can take place on existing low volume roads, provided signed routes are developed and V -77.@" aintained in shoulders are m, good condition. dered for those JI Acquisition should be consi critical resources which may be lost to develop- ment or some other pressure. Acquisition with deferred or limited development may he the preferred option. Finally, one should recognize that although a V recreation region or PDC may have a sufficient number of facilities, there may he deficiencies at the local level. Not only are the number of facifi- ties important, but also their distribution. People are not willing to travel more. than 10 or 15 m@inutes to participate in many activities. There- fore, they need to have a variety of opportunities within their neighborhood. The issues to be served by the recommendations in this chapter Vz, are as follows: Pi-B, Pi-C, Pi-D, Pi-E, Pi-F, Pl- H, and P2-A. 185 'All REGION 1 0 11 IMI yd' North e rn'TvT l*rg#u m` a meet those demands. Due to past accomplish- Recreation Planning Region 1 is the most populous in (he. state, with approximately 1.5 ments, the. district is over 95% adequate in its million people and two planning districts: North- supply of park and open space lands. However, ern Virginia (PD 8) and RADCO (PD -161. The the region continues to experience exceptional demographics, and consequently the recreational population growth. Local and regional park demands of the two areas, are significantly acquisition plans should specifically address the different. Planning District 8 is largely urban in open space needs generated in the major growth nature, and contains approximately 90% of the areas. region@s population. Although Planning District Currently, the most pressing needs in PD 8 are 16 lies within Virginia's "urban corridor:'and has for jogging trails, beach/OUtdoor swimming approximately the same amount of land as PD 8, facilities, jogging, hiking, and biking trails, it remains primarily a rural area, with only 101% picnicking, and camping facilities. Needs for of the region's population. soccer, softball, baseball, and basketball facilities Although PD 8 generates greater levels of are also significant. There is a need for bicycling demand than any other in the state, there has facilities both for pleasure and for commuting to always been an unusually high degree of commit- work and school. ment on the part of local units of government to 186 With the possible exception of camping and hunting, the satisfaction of all of the area's most critical needs appropriately falls to the localities. It is felt that the information provided in Table 17, and other places in the Plan will be extremely useful to local and regional planners in the development of project funding priorities. Planning District 16 has an adequate amount of park and open space lands. However, a num- ber of facility needs remain unmet. While the greatest facility need is for jogging trails, in terms of overall percent deficiency, the need for basket- ball, softball/ baseball, tennis, football, and swimming pool facilities is also very significant. It is suggested that those activities for which formal facilities are a necessity receive funding and development priority. As was mentioned earlier, the most significant and pressing needs in Region 1 are for close-to- 6@ home recreation opportunities which are best provided by local government. Following are recommendations involving resources which have the potential to contribute significantly to park and open space opportunities at the regional and state level. These key resources are identified by systems, with recommendations as to how 4 they can best be protected, developed, and/or utilized to satisfy present and future park and open space needs. State Parks 1. Lake Anna State Park in Spotsylvania County has been partially developed. The park should be further developed in order to help satisfy the need for water based recreation facilities in the region. The highest priority is the 187 construction of a beach and related day use and 6. Meadowlark Gardens Regional Park in Scenic Rivers waterfront activity areas. Fairfax County should be further developed with 2. Leesylvania State Park, consisting of almost landscaping, interpretive displays, gazebos, a The following rivers or sections of rivers have 500 acres, fronting on the Potomac. River in visitor center and a conservatory. been evaluated and found worthy of inclusion in Prince William County is under development. 7. Balls Bluff Regional Park in LoudOUn the Virginia Scenic Rivers System: The site will provide 1.2 miles of river frontage, as County should be developed into a battlefield 14. Rappahannock River from Deep Run to the well as areas for other forms of water enhanced park, including restoration of the battlefield and City Dock in Fredericksburg. recreation. This site should be completely deve- development of road and parking areas, trails, loped as quickly as funds permit. interpretive displays, and a picnic area. 15. Rapidan River from the Orange/Spotsylva- 3. In Fairfax County, the 1,804-acre Mason nia County line to the Rappahannock River. Neck State Park has been acquired by the Divi- Scenic Highways, Byways, and 16. North Anna River from Lake Anna to the sion of State Parks. This fragile area should be Painunkey River. further developed to take advantage of the unique Parkways The following rivers or sections of rivers merit natural resources of the Potomac estuary. A evaluation in the future to determine their suita- priority should be placed on the construction of 8. Routes 208 and 613 in Spotsylvania County bility for inclusion in the Virginia Scenic Rivers access for nonmotorized watercraft, as well as in from Fredericksburg to the Orange County line, System: environmental education facilities. The park through the battlefield area. should connect its existing and proposed trail 17. The Rappahannock River in Stafford, system with trails located in the adjoining man- Spotsylvania, King George and Caroline Coun- agement areas. Public Water and Beach Access ties, between Fredericksburg and the King 4. A visitor center, trails, picnic, and other George/Westmoreland County line, should be appropriate facilities should be developed at 9. Additional boating and fishing access evaluated in the future to determine its suitability Caledon Natural Area. This site should be deve- should be provided at Lake Anna. for inclusion in the Virginia Scenic Rivers loped with interpretive education facilities as 10. Canoeing access should be provided to the system. soon as possible. Limited recreation facilities popular North Anna River in Caroline County. should be constructed in a manner to support the 11. Boating, fishing, and beach access to the Trails educational programs of the park. Potomac River should be increased significantly, particularly in the stretch below Occoquan. An effort should be made by all localities to link existing trails into a regional trail network, Regional Parks 12. Additional access to the Rappahannock connecting the numerous public park and recrea- River in King George and Stafford Counties tion areas. Now that most of the planned regional park should be developed. The following traits are existing or suggested land acquisitions have been completed, emphasis components of' the Statewide Trails System: should be placed on developing them to meet the region's most pressing facility needs. Particular Public Game and Fish 18. Additional protection is needed for those emphasis should be given to developing water Management sect ions of the Appalachian National Scenic oriented facilities. Trail that cross private property. 5. Barnesfield Park has been initially deve- 13. Public fishing lakes should be acquired and -19. Potential exists for the development of a loped. Additional facilities should be added developed in Loudoun and Prince William Rappahannock Trail on land owned by the based on demand and the availability Of funds. Counties. City of Fredericksburg as well as private indi- 188 1*1 25. Thoroughfare Gap 26. Manassas 27. Burke Lake Park 28. Prince William Forest Park 29. Fredericksburg X Natural Areas The following is a current listing (as of 1989) of significant natural resources and should be considered for inclusion into the State Natural Areas System: 30. Accokeek Creek in Stafford County. 31. Chotank Creek in King George County is a very significant freshwater marsh area with 'i:@z '16- mature upland hardwoods surrounding it. The area supports several active eagle nests. 32. The Bull Run Mountains in Prince William and Fauquier Counties offer attractive mountain terrain. There is an intensive effort by state and local governments, in cooperation with private interests, to preserve this unique mountain area through land acquisition and open space ease- ments. Once protection is provided for this area, k a master plan should be developed which will viduals adjacent to the river upstream frorn 23. In northwest Fairfax County, a trail from provide for compatible day use recreation. Fredericksburg. the W&OD to the Potomac River should be constructed. 33. Ruther Glen Wetlands in Caroline County 20. Completion of the Potomac National Herit- is an unusual wetland community containing age Trail along the Potomac is encouraged. 24. Along the Accotink Stream Valley, a trail many rare plant species. 2J. The development of a Bull Run Mountain from Fairfax City to Pohick Bay/Gunston Cove 34. Meadow Creek Pond in Caroline County Trail traversing the beautiful Bull Run Mountains should be constructed. contains both bog and marsh communities with in Loudoun and Fauquier Counties would greatly many rare aquatic and wetland plant species. enhance the State Trails System. Hostels 35. The Turkey Track Creek area in Caroline 22. Potential exists for the development of a County supports an old growth upland hard- trail utilizing the abandoned Dahlgren junction The following general areas in Northern Vir- wood forest with rare plant locations. Railroad spur. ginia are suggested as hostel locations: 189 36. Rappahannock River Hemlock Bluff is an area along the river in Caroline County that is dominated by a disjunct montane plant commu- F nity, inixed with a very rich, mesic hardwood forest. The Heritage Program under the Department of Conservation and Recreation continually updates a list of sites needing protection and should be contacted before making land use 4@ decisions. Other State Properties The following state owned properties contain significant undeveloped land which may have potential for recreational use. Each site should be iW assessed and cooperative use aoreements deve.- loped where appropriate. 37. George Mason University, Fairfax County. A 38. Curry House, Prince William County. 39. Northern Virginia Community College, Woodbridge, Prince William County. .0 40. Hamlet Tract, Mary Washington, College, Spotsylvania County. N 41. Old Brompton Tract, Mary Washington @7 College, Spotsylvania County. Bicycle Trails 42. Mapping and signing of the Virginia Loop IL 7 IL Bicycle nail in Caroline, Spotsylvania, Prince William and Fairfax Counties should be corn- Any road maintenance and pleted. i - reconstruction operations along the route should be done with cyclist safety and convenience in ow mind. 190 Sears Don REGION 1 NORTHERN RT,690 18 Furnace Mtn. VIRGINIA 13 preserve x ZZ: > RT@662 RT 7719-- easburg Hostel Sails Blutt Regional Park LOUD UN R90 Root Re onal Park Oatla dPotomac Heritage Trail Algonkian Regional Park GO. 4*- pper Potomac Regional Park 4, cve%% 20 Fraser Preserve Washinito& Riverbend Park Old Dom nil Trail % real Falls Park & Natural Area "A Scott$ Run mature Preserve 32 23Wolf rap Turkey Run farm Park FarNPark FAIRFAX _,q serge Washington IEllanor C %Msm. Parkway 25 V Law'rence --ft `4111, Par 0LFairfax Park Potomqa@Overtook Conway Linson 6 P.F.L. :co M dTLaF Lake Ac link Memorial Forest ard.116 a away\ Manassas it 37 IRArlington I j Battlefield ar Twin Lakes Park Cc WASI, Son L'Tand Park �1ke trail _@NGTON D.C >41M B k Lak Park uRun - Occoquan "' @4& 1).F.L. Regional Park,.* 27 George Washington 0000 26 Memorial Parkway 2 .0 South Run "Huntley Meadows 00 13 >Z> 3ark Park PRINC@ VIL6@M Dist. I ar IPar a ege Prince W39 a-3 @Moumt Vernon Forest Pat8 Washingtoifs Orist Mill S.P. -Penick Say Regional Park Uantic Mason Neck SP. N.A. Marine 4usoh Mack WJ-.R. Base Lungs 'Potomac Rgirallne Regional P8 -,,,Reservoir -Marumsco WWA. , )qdw --Curtis Park N,, ""Lessylvenis S.P. Featherstorm N.W.R. & P.F.L. R&p;CdWjs, r STAFFORD j#20 15 t 19 J# 9- cz@ 30 . REDERICKS*# 14 BURG A Fred keb r A 5 & potsylv 1 10 1 arneefield Park Na lonal 29 Millis YV?4p; 22 'Z@ 7z-Caig ro,@ ry Park B 1State Park & N.A. 1 Lake Anna I e State Park oo## ,io 00N. alp erger 12 KING 42 j IS GEORGE SPOTSYLVANIA Pettigrew 1, La ftd- WtA-C 35 ildmis Refuge 03 Vort A.P. Hill ZVI LEGEND POTENTIAL OR 0 33 EXISTING PROPOSED 00 00 PARK OR RECREATION AREA 4 CAROLINE 12* 910 FOREST EIA Ej3 A WILDLIFE MGT. AREA 0 H 0 NATURAL AREA 16 PUBL@C FISHING LAKE PUBL C BOAT LANDING 0 C3 HISTORIC AREA /V SCEN C HWY., BYWAY, PKWY. SCEN@C RIVER TRAIL HOSTELS BEACH KEY NuNBERS REFER TO TEXT -C-.E. -ERNUI AREA m = CJ'D --@ 2 = K -'I = 2 = @n -= * -1:) m - -'I n > 0 > 0 m c n a C 0 c 0 M :@F 0 > o > z z A CD > 0-4 = P@ z * U) = n n > F+ tz CD 0 r.L w cz - m 41. CQ CQ w LC 0 "1 "1 rQ co C@ > 00 = Lq cq 41 = 41 0 m t@ 4. t2 co tl@ C', w --j t1l; m 00 co z un Ln C) w LC w m 7i Z-i -,l C5 "I w cz Vi 0, C4 'A C) L@ m 1@ C"o w CD co CC w N C 41 41 V + Iz z cc \j 41 N: C,: L@ C.C 0') L, C., N CD c:l cz "I CC), w t@ LID 0 m CD cc Oo LI; C @o 00 Cc -A 41 w w @;l (n tz z Y, 'o CC w r@ K Lq CP -P, t@ w vl@ .11 cc @j w t+.; w 1@ (n N: N cz 'I X., > w LIZ Oo 0 ul t': 'A N) z n CIZ N C@ N pl: z L,; N w co UQ N; z C@ 1"@ Z, C, E, 0) C@z n C:) CD w z + + + 00 + N z ND CQ N C) N C- C@ C', N tQ 4, U, w OD ", :@ = g ;, t@ cc co w m C.0 VQ Co N cc 00 m m m n U) CD J::, cc C@ L, 'o t= > > Z cn cr > cn cn m > Qn PLANNING DISTRICT 8 TABLE 18 Projected 1990 Population: 1327608 1990 2000 2010 PCNT. TOTAL TOTAL PRIVATE ACTIVITY PART. DEMAND SUPPLY SUPPLY NEED DEMAND NEED DEMAND NEED UNIT CAMPING 19.54 11258 1588 571 9670 13300 11712 15484 13896 SITES FISHING 21.26 16520 30686 1122 +14166 18560 +12126 20616 +10070 ACRES CANOEING, ETC. 9.21 155 87 0 68 190 103 232 145 STREAM MILES SAILING 6.53 8820 12897 40 +4077 11430 +1467 14374 1477 ACRES POWER BOATING 10.93 15311 12897 40 2414 17205 4308 19099 6202 ACRES WATER SKIING 6.10 21066 12897 40 8169 27550 14653 34892 21995 ACRES POOL SWIMMING 50.44 449-- 158 128 291 503 345 558 400 POOLS SWIMMING OUTDOORS 33.76 312 7 7 305 361 354 413 406 BEACH ACRES BEACH USE, SUNNING 29.43 313 7 7 306 352 345 391 384 ACRES HIKING, BACKPACKING 21.54 1030 437 29 593 1214 777 1410 973 MILES JOGGING 30.22 1726 24 0 1702 1917 1893 2110 2086 MILES BICYCLING/WORK, SCH q.15 138 0 0 138 171 171 211 211 MILES BICYCLING PLEASURE 33.28 877 320 20 557 995 675 1119 799 MILES HORSEBACK RIDING 4.67 131 117 16 14 146 29 159 42 MILES FOUR WHEEL O.R.V. 3.89 188 6 0 182 214 208 240 234 MILES MOTORCYCLE OFF ROAD 3.74 81 6 75 90 84 102 96 MILES HUNTING 6.89 228285 28005 900-- 200280 253558 225553 278844 250839 ACRES PICNICKING 46.50 9162 5287 168 3875 10296 5009 11429 6142 TABLES GOLF 11.83 81 39 26 42 91 52 100 61 COURSES TENNIS 25.35 855 611 159 244 1002 391 1157 546 COURTS SOFTBALL, BASEBALL 20.55 1024 545 22 479 1156 611 1289 744 FIELDS BASKETBALL 17.88 1035 335 Z2 700 1226 891 1432 1097 COURTS SOCCER 7.72 547 304 8 243 697 393 866 562 FIELDS FOOTBALL 14.63 451 304 8 147 507 203 564 260 FIELDS ICE SKATING '12.33 50 0 0 50 60 60 70 70 RINKS SKIING 8.00 134 0 0 134 169 169 210 210 LIFTS +means a surplus. TOTAL SUPPLY INCLUDES PRIVATE SUPPLY. 193 PLANNING DISTRICT 16 TABLE 19 Projected 1990 Population: 157907 1990 2000 2010 PCNT. TOTAL TOTAL PRIVATE ACTIVITY PART. DEMAND SUPPLY SUPPLY NEED DEMAND NEED DEMAND NEED UNIT CAMPING 19.54 4351 8026 8021 +3675 5106 +2920 5949 +2077 SITES FISHING Z1.26 3048 40099 288 +37051 3576 +36523 4104 +35995 ACRES CANOEING, ETC. 9.21 64 171 +107 81 +90 98 +73 STREAM MILES SAILING 6.53 2926 38815 374 +35889 3859 +34956 48916 10101 ACRES POWER BOATING 10.93 6391 3R8i5 374 +32424 7170 +31645 8017 +3079B ACRES WATER SKIING 6.10 8974 38815 374 +29841 11433 +27382 14331 +24484 ACRES POOL SWIMMING 50.97 48 19 16 29 58 39 68 49 POOLS SWIMMING OUTDOORS 33.76 68 58 27 10 82 24 92 34 BEACH ACRES BEACH USE, SUNNING 29.43 57 58 27 + 1 65 7 74 16 ACRES HIKING, BACKPACKING 21.54 227 95 15 132 268 173 312 217 MILES JOGGING 30.22 554 10 0 544 630 620 708 698 MILES RICYCLING/WORK, SCH 9.15 16 0 0 16 23 23 28 28 MILES BICYCLING PLEASURE 33.28 174 45 2 129 206 161 242 197 MILES HORSEBACK RIDING 4.67 30 23 7 7 33 10 37 14 MILES FOUR WHEEL O.R.V 3.89 25 1 1 -24 28 27 33 32 MILES MOTORCYCLE OFF ROAD 3.74 14 1 1 13 17 16 19 18 MILES HUNTING 6.89 113077 108078 3880_ 4999 126218 18140 139435 31357 ACRES PICNICKING 46.50 1441 1734 1225 +293 1666 +68 1890 '156 TABLES GOLF 11.83 11 5 4 6 13 8 15 10 COURSES TENNIS 26.24 ill 69 17- 42 138 69 165 96 COURTS SOFTBALL, BASEBALL 21.75 120 62 9 58 143 81 167 105 FIELDS BASKETBALL 17.88 115 32 2 83 145 113 -_ 177 145 COURTS SOCCER 8.20 67 38 29 90 52 116 78 FIELDS FOOTBALL 15.34 -51 38 0 13 60 22 68 30 FIELDS ICE SKATING 12.33 6 0 0 6 8 8 10 10 RINKS SKIING -8.00 16 0 0 16 23 23 28 28 LIFTS +means a surplus. TOTAL SUPPLY INCLUDES PRIVATE SUPPLY. 194 ANAL REGION 2. r chmond u 'io' M 1, C_;r, The Richmond Planning Region, third most Based on the 1987 Outdoor Recreation De- populous in Virginia, has more than 733,180 mand/Supply/Needs Analysis, the most popular eople. Eighty-five percent of the population lives activity in the region is pool swimming with p esterfield and Henrico Counties and the 50.8% of the population participating. This great in Ch City of Richmond while Hanover, New Kent, demand has created a 78% deficiency in swim- 0 James City, Goochland, and Powhatan Counties ming pools in the region and there currently remain mostly rural in character. In the next ten exists a need for 160 additional pools. Picnicking years, the population in this region is projected to is the second most popular activity and interest increase 15%. Demand for recreational facilities ingly this region is one of the few in the state with will increase proportionally and add to facility a need for additional tables. The need for 2,338 d f" * ies which currently exist in the region. picnic tables should be addressed in all local park planning, and existing parks should be evaluated Region 2 is deficient in dIMOSt every type of for their potential as picnicking areas. outdoor recreation facility, particularly the close- to-home facilities such as game fields, swimming Region 2 has high demand for beach use, pools, bicycle trails, tennis courts, and picnic sunbathing, and outdoor swimming. Opportuni- areas. When acreage standards are applied, a 261% ties to increase water access should be. pursued. deficiency in local and regional park and recrea- Bicycling for pleasure and jogging are also very M. tion acreage is revealed. To meet this need, over popular activities in the Richmond Region. Over 3,200 additional acres of recreation and park land 36% of the residents bicycle for pleasure and I @SiA_4 should be acquired for local and regional use. more than 28% jog. These popular activities take Table 20, on page 202 lists the top 12 activities in place mostly on local streets or sidewalks. The the region, ranked by rate of participation. 195 implementation of the Richmond Regional Bi- cycle Plan would increase safe bicycling opportunities. Tennis, soft ba I I/baseb all, and basketball are the most popular outdoor games in the region and the supply of facilities for tennis and soft- ball/baseball are nearly adequate. However, We there appears to be a substantial shortage of basketball courts to meet the current need, 370 more courts are needed. Soccer is a sport cur- rently experiencing rapid increases in popularity. New fields will be a must in most localities, Camping is a very popular activity in the region, but there is only a 14% sufficiency in campsites. Over 8,000 more sites are needed just to meet current demand. Planning for the near future should specifically include camping. The following significant resources contribute, or have the potential to contribute, to regional open space and/or recreational opportunities and, therefore, merit special attention. These Reeonal Parks recreation and ecological study serving Henrico resources are identified by recreation system and Goochland Counties. with recommendations as to how they can best 3. Lands along approximately six miles of the 6. The Belmont Park Horse Swamp area in meet existing and future demand. James River through Richmond have been ac- Henrico County would actually be a combination quired by the city and improved for the public's of two sites linked by trails. Both areas are easily access and enjoyment. It is recommended that the accessible and particularly attractive for regional State Parks par be extended westward through Henrico and recreational development. Chesterfield Counties as a part of the Regional 1. Pocahontas State Park is scheduled to have Open Space Program. 7. White Oak Swamp, in Henrico County, is of a new master plan developed to ensure that the historical and ecological significance. The area park is meeting the needs of the rapidly growing 4. The acquisition and development of a site contains swamp land that is rich in plant and metropolitan area, while still protecting the South of the James River in Western Chesterfield animal life, and gently rolling uplands suitable resource values of the site. County would create a rugged, heavily forested for a variety of recreational activities. shoreline park with significant ecological fea- 2. James River lands between Richmond and tures and natural beauty. 8. The densely wooded valleys and swamps Hopewell should be considered for a state park. It 5. The old canal locks and railroad embank- along Four Mile Creek in Henrico County have could provide a variety of traditional offerings, ments, recalling the Gayton Coal Mines and considerable potential for recreational develop- access to the river, as well as an area for cooper- other historic interests, plus the heavily wooded ment and use.The county has acquired two large ative development with the localities for local swamps and ravines along Tuckahoe Creek tracts of land along Four Mile Creek. One park programs and facilities. would provide a natural setting for outdoor will be developed for active recreational pursuits, and the Four Mile Creek Park will be used for 196 more passive activities, such as environmental Falls of the James and through the downtown to the proposed extension of the Powhite study. These two sites and the Deep Bottom Boat area and into the tidal portion of the James River. Parkway. Landing on the James will be linked by trails. The annual James River Bateaux Race and nu- 17. Lee's Retreat Route in Chesterfield County, 9. A large potential park site exists along merous other events would benefit from the Routes 36, 602, and 603, from Petersburg to the Otterdale Branch on Swift Creek Reservoir in availability of a functional canals and navigation Amelia County line. Chesterfield County. system around the dams and falls of the city. 18. Route 156 in Hanover, Henrico, and Charles 10. The lands along the scenic South Anna City Counties - Battlefield Route from Mecha- River in Hanover County have potential for Scenic Highways, Virginia nicsville to the James River. regional park development. Byways, and Parkways 11. The land adjacent to the whitewater fall Public Water Access Areas line section of the little River in Hanover County The following roads or sections of roads have is especially scenic and is suitable for regional potential for consideration and possible designa- Although Region 2 is rich in water resources, park development. tion as components of the Virginia Byway public access to those resources is inadequate 12. The natural area along Big Creek on the System: and needs to be substantially increased. In all Pamunkey River in New Kent County includes 16. Route 604 in Chesterfield and Powhatan instances where public highway crossings of several hundred acres of natural waterways, Counties from the Amelia/Powhatan County line fishable and/or floatable waters are scheduled for swamps, and marshlands, which provide consid- erable opportunity for water oriented recrea- tional pursuits. 13. A regional park located along the scenic Chickahominy River near Providence Forge would compliment the existing state owned Chickahominy River Wildlife Management Area farther downstream and help to preserve an important natural resource. 14. Diascund Reservoir, in New Kent County, is located in natural, forested surroundings. It possesses potential for the development of nu- merous water oriented and water enhanced recreational facilities. Y,f 15. During the 1988 session of the General Assembly, the James River Batteau Festival Trail was officially designated from Lynchburg through the City of Richmond. Localities along the route should work towards protection and rehabilitation of navigation structures remaining from the days of the bateaux. The City of Rich- mond should consider renovation of canals and navigation structures within the City to permit the passage of canal boats and bateaux by the 197 renovation or relocation, the potential for provid- ing parking areas and boat launching facilities should be evaluated. Public access to the James River is needed between Richmond and Hamp- ton Roads. Access sites should also be provided on the North Anna, South Anna, Pamunkey, and Chickahominy Rivers in Region 2. Public Fish and Game Management Areas 19. More than 5,000 acres have been acquired at the Chickahominy Wildlife Management Area in Charles City County. Consideration should be given to expanding recreational opportunities, particularly along the Morris Creek portion of the tZ_ property. 20. Recreational developments should be con- sidered at the Powhatan Wildlife Management Area in Powhatan County. Opportunities exist for increasing water oriented recreation at the @I two lakes within the area and along the Appo- mattox River. t Scenic Rivers A" Yi- 1"-f" "Y'7 *Ir6 iT The following rivers or sections of rivers have been evaluated and found to qualify for inclusion in the Virginia Scenic Rivers System. 21. The James River from Columbia to Maid- ens in Goochland and Powhatan County and from Hopewell to the Chickahominy confluence. 22. The South Anna River from Route 673 to Route 686 in Hanover County. 23. The Chickahominy River from Route 609 to Route 618 in New Kent County. 24. The North Anna River from Route 738 to Route 1 in Hanover County. 198 the Department of Forestry but is not open to the public. Because of its proximity to the densely populated Richmond area, some recreational or environmental education use should be accom- modated at this site. The wetlands and natural area portions of the tract should be managed by the Department of Conservation and Recreation in cooperation with other on-site state agencies. Truils A The following trail proposals are suggested as components of the State Trails System: 2. The proposed James River Trail would Now 3 traverse the state from Richmond to Irongate. 33. The Rivanna River nail would parallel the James and Rivanna Rivers through Goochland, Fluvanna, and Albemarle Counties. Hostels 34. The Richmond Region should be consid- The following river segments merit evaluation River in Hanover County. ered as a location for a hostel. in the future to determine their suitability for 29. The Parnunkey River, the entire river in the inclusion in the Virginia Scenic Rivers System. region. Other State Properties 25. The Chickahominy River from Route 630 to Route 609 in New Kent County and from Route The following state owned properties contain 613 to the James River in Charles City County. State Forests significant undeveloped land which may have 26. The James River from Richmond to the potential for recreational use. Each site should be Benjamin Harrison Bridge and from Maidens to 30. Pocahontas State Forest in Chesterfield assessed and cooperative use agreements deve- Watkins Landing in Coochland and Powhatan County could accommodate additional recrea- loped where appropriate. Counties. tional opportunities. The development of the 35. John Tyler Community College in Chester- master plan for Pocahontas State Park will field County has 151 acres which may have 27. The South Anna River from the Hanover address the entire 7,400-acre tract to determine potential for recreation. County line to Route 673 and from Route 686 to future recreation uses and resource management the Pamunkey River in Hanover County. programs. 36. The James River Correctional Center has 25 28. The North Anna River from Lake Anna to 31. The 2,350-acre state owned Elko nact in acres which may have recreational potential. Route 748 and from Route 1 to the Pamunkey eastern Henrico County is presently managed by 199 37. The Correctional Center for Women has 266 acres of surplus land. 38. J. Sargeant Reynolds Community College in Goochland has 110 acres, some of which could he used for local recreational development. 39. The Hanover Learning Center has 1,100 acres of land in Hanover County which may be suitable for recreation use. 40. The Powhatan Correctional Center has 2,595 acres which should be studied for its potential to provide recreation. 41. The Beaumont Learning Center has 1,203 A acres which may be suitable for recreation. Natural Areas The following is a current listing (as of 1989) of significant natural resources and should be considered for inclusion in the State Natural Areas System: 42. Parsons Island is located along the Chicka- hominy River adjacent to the Chickahominy Wildlife Management Area. Protection of this highly significant tidal marsh should be given serious consideration. 43. Weynoke Point is a prime wetland and swamp forest area in southern Charles City County. 44. The Elko Area in Henrico County contains old growth bottomland hardwood swamp forest 46. Lily Point Marsh in New Kent County watershed in New Kent County. This extensive with adjacent sphagnous seepage areas with contains a combination of freshwater marshes tidal marsh area is inhabited by both osprey and several rare plants. and swamp forests with several rare plant eagles. 45. The floodplain swamp along the Chicka- species. The Heritage Program under the Department hominy River in Hanover, Henrico, New Kent, 47. West Island in New Kent County is a 475- of Conservation and Recreation continually and Charles City Counties is extremely rich and acre freshwater marsh and hardwood swamp updates a list of sites needing protection and diverse in both plant and animal life and serves forest. should be contacted before making land use as an important natural resource and water 48. Terrapin Point is located in the York River decisions. conservation area in the region. 200 >: 3: z > rz, z lul z 0-, m x M > . 0 it > cc M CD x m 0 u D z m w z 2 X Co o 00 o zoR 0060 E39 Q o 2 F z z LLJ Uir LU a KI M,@, LU z LU 0 Z. < Jo A@ 00 10 0 a m go 0= LU E2 0. 0 a; 0 0CL 0 m m * 0 , 0: 2 3: (a 2 CL 2@ rr @00 UM tu w on a NE (L Olt Q%-4 at cl: LU 0 m ft. 0 3:-- .0 ECL m z A 0 ED CL. 0 0 z: 4 cli Ll - R C\j T-E m 9L E 0 .0 Z 0 0 LL N Fr cc 2 C6 Z 'L ML Is C E L, 0 OM 0 R I X CL u 0 0 "o L-i, . k."If 14 1LL cr 4 @o LU 0.1- c 0 0 U) 1 '0.6 UT, j 0, cc 0 CL C) o C@ CL W, 0 o A, m:L- 11 LU Co Q7 z 0 0 3: mi 0 aCL REGION 2 TABLE20 Projected 1990 Population: 733180 1990 2000 2010 PCNT. TOTAL TOTAL PRIVATE ACTIVITY PART. DEMAND SUPPLY SUPPLY NEED DEMAND NEED DEMAND NEED UNIT CAMPING 25.10 9479 1296 1201- 8183 10970 9674 12570 11274 SITES FISHING 31.79 15064 30605 5461 +15541 16824 +13781 18632 +11973 ACRES CANOEING, ETC. 7.95 84 140 26 +56 103 +37 126 +14 STREAM MILES SAILING 9.81 5603 23126 341 +17523 6961 -+16165 B471 +14655 ACRES POWER BOATING 15.43 18625 23126 341 +4501 20753 +2373 22917 +209 ACRES WAT -R SKIING 9.98 18662 23126 341 +4464 22925 +201 27668 4542 ACRES POOL SWIMMING 50.77 206 46 35 160 231 185 254 208 POOLS SWIMMING OUTDOORS 50.26 246 12- 12 234 278 266 315 303 BEACH ACRES BEACH USE, SUNNING 37.35 162 12 12 150 181 169 202 190 ACRES HIKING, BACKPACKING 19.76 371 114 17 257 431 317 499 385 MILES JOGGING 28.08 1033 12 0 1021 1128 1116 1226 1214 MILES BICYCLING/WORK, SCH 8.14 39 0 0 39 49 49 59 59 MILES BICYCLING PLEASURE 36.41 654 123 1 531 745 622 844 721 MILES HORSEBACK RIDING 4.51 105 38 26 67 116 78 129 91 MILES FOUR WHEEL O.R.V. 8.79 64 0 0 64 71 71 79 79 MILES MOTORCYCLE OFF ROAD 5.00 56 0 0 56 61 61 69 69 MILES HUNTING 10.05 173923 152-11 2168 158712 193118 177907 212675 197464 ACRES PICNICKING 46.80 3903 1565 508 2338 4362 2797 4828 3263 TABLES GOLF 9.58 26 23 22 3 29 6 31 fi I COURSES TENNIS 29.39 755 423 120 332 875 452 1003 580 COURTS SOFTBALL, BASEBALL 24.24 423 309 6 114 377 68 422 113 FIELDS BASKETBALL 23.59 309 264 4 45 854 590 990 726 COURTS SOCCER 13.72 152 126 1 26 184 58 218 92 FIELDS FOOTBALL 14.76 199 126 1 73 -223 97_ 249 123 FIELDS ICE SKATING 8.57 15 0 0 15 19 19 Z4 24 RINKS SKIING 17.20 96 6 6 90 117 Ill 135 12 LIFTS F 6 '80 'j 58 2 g3 9 .9 24.24 2359 +means a surplus. TOTAL SUPPLY INCLUDES PRIVATE SUPPLY. 202 PLANNING DISTRICT 15 TABLE21 Projected 1990 Population: 733180 1990 2000 2010 PCNT. TOTAL TOTAL PRIVATE ACTIVITY PART. DEMAND SUPPLY SUPPLY NEED DEMAND NEED DEMAND NEED UNIT CAMPING 25.10 9479 1296 1201 8183 10970 9674 12570 11274 SITES FISHING 31.79 15064 30605 5461 +15541 16824 +13781 18632 +11973 ACRES CANOEING, ETC. 7.95 84 140 26 +56 103 +37 126 +14 STREAM MILES SAILING 9.81 5603 23126 341 +17523 6961 +16165 8471 +14655 ACRES POWER BOATIN:7 15.43 18625 23126 341 +4501 20753 +2373 22917 +209 ACRES WATER SKIING 9.98 18662 23126 341 +4464 22925 +201 27668 4542 ACRES POOL SWIMMING 50.77 206 46 35 160 231 185 254 208 POOLS SWIMMING OUTDOORS 50.26 246 12 12 234 278 266 315 303 BEACH ACRES BEACH USE, SUNNING 37.35 162 12 12 150 181 169 202 190 ACRES HIKING, BACKPACKING 19.76 371 114 17 257 431 317 499 385 MILES JOGGING 28.08 1033 12 0 1021 1128 1116 1226 1214 MILES BICYCLING/WORK, SCH 8.14 39 0 0 39 49 49 59 59 MILES BICYCLING PLEASURE 36.41 654 123 1 531 745 622 844 721 MILES HORSEBACK RIDING 4.51 '105- 38 26 67 116 78 129 91 MILES FOUR WHEEL O.R.V. 8.79 64 0 0 64 71 71 79 79 MILES MOTORCYCLE OFF ROAD 5.00 56 0 56 61 61 69 69 MILES HUNTING 10.05 173923 15211 2168 158712 193118 177907 212675 197464 ACRES PICNICKING 46.80 3903 1565 508 2338 4362 2797 4828 3263 TABLES GOLF 9.58 26 23 22 3 29 6 31 8 COURSES TENNIS 29.39 755 423 120 332 875 452 1003 580 COURTS SOFTBALL, BASEBALL 24.24 423 309 6 114 377 68 422 113 FIELDS BASKETBALL 23.59 309 254 4 45 854 590 990 726 COURTS SOCCER 13.72 152 126 1 26 184 58 218 92 FIELDS FOOTBALL 14.76 1qq 126 1 73 -223 97 249 123 FIELDS ICE SKATING 8.57 15 0 0 15 19 --19 24 -24 RINKS SKIING 17.20 96 6 6 90 117 ill 135 129 LIFTS NOTE: Chesterfield County is also a member of Planning District 19. 1 lowever, all demand, Supply, and needs analyses for Chesterfield County are shown in Planning District 15 and are. therefore shown in Region 2. +means a surplus. TOTAL SUPPLY INCLUDES PRIVATE SUPPLY. 203 A REGION 3 Hampton Roads The heavily developed communities around dential population, Region 3 is also an extremely the mouth of the James River make up outdoor popular tourist destination for Virginia residents recreation Region 3. The north side of the Hamp- as well as visitors from other states. The region ton Roads Harbor consists of the Cities of New- also hosts a substantial military population port News, Hampton, Poquoson, and Williams which can vary due to the worldwide mission of burg plus the Counties of York and James City. the Navy, Army, and Air Force. The southern part of the region consists of the The Hampton Roads area is a water oriented Cities of Virginia Beach, Norfolk, Portsmouth, Chesapeake, Franklin, and Suffolk plus Isle of recreational fun spot. There are more than Wight and Southampton Counties. Two Planning 157,000 acres of tidal waters adjacent to the District Commissions (PDCs) coordinate plan- localities of the region. State and federal agencies lung for the region. PDC 21 directs planning for and the private sector control about 129,000 acres the north side of Hampton Roads and PDC 20 of park land, providing a wide variety of land coordinates planning on the south side. based recreational opportunities. Almost every locality within Region 3 has an aggressive and In 1986, the total residential population was progressive parks and recreation department. about 1.34 million for the region. The Department The 1987 Outdoor Recreation Inventory identi- of Planning and Budget projects a growth rate of fied over 39,000 acres of land and water that is 4.50 by 1990 with some localities exceeding this supplied by local units of government for park rate. Hampton Roads region will then be home to purposes. I A Million people. In addition to the large resi- 204 Based on the standards in The Virginia Out- doors Plan, Region 3 has an adequate supply of locally provided park acres for swimming Out- doors and beach use. Table 22 on page 212 shows the 26 outdoor recreation activities for Region 3 as measured in the Outdoor Recreation Demand Survey. Although there is an abundance of beach acres within the region, public access is, in some instances, limited. Military activities and the blic use of some sites while the absence restrict pu U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service policy severely of public access and the lack of adequate support facilities, such as public parking and restroom facilities, limit optimum use of other prime beach resources. According to PDC estimates, the available and usable beaches in the region only meet about 15% of the total demand. 41" Pool swimming, bicycling, picnicking, and dim jogging all showed significant deficiencies in both segments of the region. Cycling for pleasure and jogging are demands which can be met in part by designating routes within local neighborhoods along streets or other public rights-of-way. The construction of swimming pools will require significant capital outlays at the local level while tip, some of the additional picnicking demand might be satisfied by expanding the facilities within each local or regional park. Basketball, tennis, softball/baseball, and soccer show some local deficiencies, which will affect development priorities within the affected localities. Fishing and powerboating are also among the more popular activities within the region, and there is ample resource to support many times more than the anticipated total demand. How- ever, in many cases, public access is limited. Additional launch ramps and/or marina slips are needed in most of the localities. A 205 and, therefore, merit special attention. These resources are identified by recreation systems with recommendations, when appropriate, as to how they might best meet existing or future demand. National Wildlife Refuges In 1988, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service proposed a substantial expansion of the Back Bay National Wildlife Refuge. The announced purpose of the proposed expansion was to ac- q uire critical habitat to the north and west of the present refuge. The Service is concerned that continued development pressure could threaten the fragile areas within the refuge. The Service should consider the acute needs of the region for additional water and beach recreational access for the resident population as well as the large influx of visitors who travel to Virginia shores during the summer months. The recreational needs of the public to use the water and beach resources must he balanced with the Service's mandate to preserve wildlife habitat. zt, State Parks False Cape State Park in 1. The 4,321-acre Virginia Beach, stretching six miles along the . ..... Atlantic Ocean from the Back Bay National Region 3 is a major importer of outdoor recrea- Continued close cooperation between the local Wildlife Refuge to the North Carolina line, has tional demand. The private sector supplies a governments is essential if adequate outdoor been acquired. The site is now open for limited significant amount of the recreational facilities recreational opportunities are to be provided in use and trails and primitive camping are now that support the large influx of visitors. Swim- Region 3 to support both the residential popula- available. The park will provide recreational ming pools, camping, tennis, picnicking, golf, and tion and the large numbers of visitors entering opportunities to thousands of Virginians when water access for fishing and beach use are among the area annually. adequate access and support facilities are deve- the resources supplied by private enterprise. loped. An equitable arrangement to permit public There may be as many as 30,000 resident trailer- The following significant resources contribute, access through the Back Bay National Wildlife able boats competing for use of just over 100 or have the potential to contribute to regional Refuge will speed the process of making these raraps. open space and/or recreational opportunities beaches more available to the public. 206 2. Seashore State Park and Natural Area in The sites listed below are among those that may Virginia Beach is the state's most popular and have potential for additional recreational % overused park. The need for additional land and development. facilities at this park could be met by the acquisi- .5. Northwest River Park in Chesapeake on @J <Wb tion of all or part of Fort Story. The federal the Northwest River, offers a large natural set- governmen t should declare Fort Story surplus ting. Parts of the site are already developed. IV41, and turn it over to the state as soon as possible. 6. Newport News Park, an 8,500-acre site The park is scheduled to have a new master plan developed to ensure that the park is meeting the protecting a city water supply, has extensive needs of the rapidly growing metropolitan area, developments in place, but may offer additional opportunities around the periphery. while still protecting the resource. 3. A site on the lower Blackwater River in 7. Grandview Park in Hampton, offers a Southampton County, or Suffolk, near the North significant bay front resource with extensive marshes for wildlife habitat. Carolina line, should be acquired for future development. A site in this area featuring the 8. The Lone Star Lakes in Suffolk provide dense swamp and dark fishing waters of the river more than 1,100 acres of land and freshwater would not only provide a needed recreational with potential for additional developments. This facility, but would help to preserve this interest- ss site could also afford good saltwater acce ing natural area. where it fronts on the Nansemond River. 4. York River State Park in James City County 9. Waller Mill Park in James City County is a affords outstanding opportunities for water major freshwater oriented park near Williams- oriented and water enhanced recreation in a large burg. It is connected to the local bike trails tidal wetlands upland forest environment. Due to network. its close proximity to urban areas and popular visitor attractions, the site is likely to receive 10. New Quarter Park in York County is a 550- heavy use pressure. Additional facilities for day acre site on the York River. use activities, such as trails, picnicking, and 11. Little Creek Reservoir, a new Newport swimming should he considered for future News water supply in Western James City development. County, contains about 1,800 acres and offers N opportunities for additional water enhanced recreation. V Regional Parks 12. Lake Prince, Lake Cohoon, Lake Mead, The localities of Region 3 have a large number Lake Kilby, Lake Burnt Mills, Spaetes Run Lake, of parks that can be considered "regional in and Western Branch Reservoir are all water scope." These major resources include lands supply reservoirs located within Suffolk, but surrounding water supply reservoirs, as well as belonging to adjacent cities. They now offer only resources acquired to provide local recreational limited use for freshwater fishing. Perhaps addi- opportunities. Each site should be analyzed to tional compatible recreational resources like determine if there is any potential to provide hiking trails and picnicking could be developed at additional compatible recreational resources. some of these lakes. 207 13. Ware Creek Reservoir, scheduled to be 17. Goodwin Islands in York County consist of 23. Chisel Run and Long Hill Swamp in James constructed in James City County, will provide low lying land and tidal marshes at the mouth of City County contain bottomland swamp forest the opportunity to develop a significant park the York River. These marshes provide ideal and upland hardwoods with rare plant locations. facility in conjunction with the Development of habitat for many species of birds, including the 24. Blackwater Ecological Preserve in Isle of the reservoir. osprey. Wight County is an area with a mature longleaf 18. The North Landing River in the Cities of pine-turkey oakheath community with many Scenic 1-fighways, Byways, and Virginia Beach and Chesapeake is bordered by rare plants, and is near the Blackwater River and Parkways quality swamp forests and contains extensive adjacent swamp forests. Much of this area was freshwater and brackish marshes with many recently acquired by The Nature Conservancy The following roads or sections of roads have plants and animals reaching the northern limits and turned over to Old Dominion University for potential for consideration and possible designa- of their distribution in this area. The North administration. tion as components of the Virginia Byway Landing and three of its major tributaries have 25. Assamoosick Swamp in Sussex and South- System: been added to the State Scenic River System. hampton Counties contains old growth bottom- 14. Routes 10 and 32 in Isle of Wight County, 19. An area of the Northwest River in Chesa- land and hardwood swamp forest with possible from the Sorry County line to the James River peake, between Routes 168 and 17, is of primary rare plant locations. Bridge. concern for Natural Area preservation. This area The Heritage Program under the Department 15. Route 35 in Southampton County, from is a lowland forest subject to repeated flooding of Conservation and Recreation updates a list of Courtland to Sussex County Line. and should not be intensely developed. Its pri- sites needing protection and should be contacted mary value in Southeastern Virginia, which is a before making land use decisions. growing metropolitan area, is open space. As this Natural Areas area develops, the Northwest River and its environs will be important in preserving vital Public Game and Fish The following is a current listing (as of 1989) of open space. Recreational development should be Management Areas significant natural resources and should be limited to the portion of the river below Route considered for inclusion into the State Natural 168. Much of the area is still in its natural state Areas System: but encroachments are occurring and some 26. A potential Blackwater Wildlife Manage- parcels are being coverted to agricultural uses. ment Area in Southhampton County and Suffolk 16. The Dismal Swamp Wildlife Refuge, con- 20. A portion of the Lower Blackwater River in has been identified. Such a facility would help sisting of about 84,000 acres in the cities of Southhampton County and Suffolk and its im- meet the needs for additional hunging lands in Suffolk and Chesapeake is managed by the U.S. mediate environs should be kept in its natural this region. Fish and Wildlife Service. The 1986 Environmen- state. 27. Ragged Island, located in Isle of Wight tal Impact Statement (EIS) on the master plan for County on the James River, was acquired by the the refuge called for a number of improvements 21. Powhatan Creek in James City County Department of Game and Inland Fisheries. This within the Dismal Swamp, including to conserve contains a large freshwater marsh area in a 1,473-acre site offers limited water oriented resources, improve wildlife habitat, and provide relatively undisturbed state. The marsh should recreational potential. Consideration should be for additional recreational opportunities. The be protected in its natural condition. given to the acquisition of adjacent highland Service should move toward the implementation 22. Passmore Creek/Yarmouth and Gordon areas to increase the recreational potential of the of the strategies identified in the EIS as soon as Islands in James City County are freshwater site. This site is being developed with raised possible, including the ". . . construction of marshes with hardwood areas. There are known board walks and interpretive trails. visitor contact facilities at Washington Ditch, osprey nests on the islands. Highway 17, and Jerico Lane.' 208 Water and Beach Access are 28. Additional Public Water Access Areas needed thoughout the region. Priority should be given to the development of additional access to tidal portions of the James and York Rivers as well as to the Hampton Roads and Chesapeake Bay areas. The freshwater areas on the Black- water and Nottoway Rivers also need additional access points. There is also a need for additional marinas and/or marina slips on most of the tidal waters in the region. 29. Throughout the region, there are many miles of outstanding beaches. However, access is M_ limited to certain areas of the beaches because of' either inadequate support facilities or military control which severely limits public use. Addi- tional access must be provided to the Chesapeake Bay and Atlantic Coast beaches through the development of necessary support facilities and/ U P or cooperative agreements with the numerous area military installations if present and future "A' demands are to be met. Scenic Rivers Vw`@, Z The following river sections have been evalu- alify for inclusion in the Virginia ated and qu, Scenic Rivers Systern: 30. The Blackwater River in Isle of Wight and Southhampton Counties between Zuni and Franklin. 'A' 3 1. The Blackwater River in Isle of Wight and Southhampton Counties, from the Surry County line to the town of Zuni. "J" hominy River in James City 32. The Chicka County from Providence Forge to the James 4-4 River. -7ti-i;t2 2-z@ T 209 33. The Northwest River in Chesapeake - the 44. Paul D. Camp Community College in the entire stream to the North Carolina state line. City of Franklin contains over 70 acres of open 34. The James River, from the Charles City/ space. James City County line to Hampton Roads. Part 45. Saint Bridges Correctional Center in Chesa- of this reach has been recognized by the General peake has over 200 acres of open space. Assembly as a historic river. 46. The State Military Reservation (Camp 35. The Nottoway River in Southampton Pendleton), owned by the Virginia Army Na County. tional Guard, is a large tract with beach frontage. Portions of this property are undeveloped and have potential for use as recreational lands. Other State Properties The following state owned properties contain Trails significant undeveloped land which may have potential for recreational use. Each site should be The following trail proposals are suggested as assessed and cooperative use agreements deve components of the State Trails System: loped where appropriate. 47. The James River Trail would traverse 36. Eastern State Hospital in James City Virginia from Newport News to Iron Gate in County has over 300 acres of open space. Alleghany County, along the James River. 37. Eastern State Hospital/William and Mary 48. Virginia Southside Trail would extend Tract in James City County contains over 100 from Virginia Beach to Mount Rogers. A portion -of-way of the acres that are not developed. of this trail will utilize the right 38. The William and Mary Airport Tract in Lake Gaston/Virginia Beach water pipeline. York County has over 150 wooded acres. 4@1 39. Thomas Nelson Community College in Hostels Hampton contains a wooded tract east of the campus. The following general locations are suggested for the establishment of hostels: 40. The Virginia Association Research Cam- pus in Newport News contains about 350 acres 49. Williamsburg/Yorktown Area. A that are partly undeveloped. 50. Virginia Beach Area. 41. The Tidewater Research Station in Suffolk 51. Feeder Ditch Area of the Dismal Swamp. has about 80 acres of open space. 42. Tidewater Community College in Virginia Beach has over 100 acres that are not fully developed. q 43. The Tidewater Community College, Fred- erick Campus, has a large tract on the James River. 210 49 Mo. c 0 c LJ L J c L) QL- ME LIJ CR C) Cc dule U) OD -M f a UA 9L 0 4 ....... .... ....... it .......... ... . ........... cme 0 4, Uj W cq 0 Mo C\j V Sw 31 -.Now 01- E I's U) U) cn u UIUIO 31 :-:Cc m ::D 0 U) z >: w z z m > w x Re 0 0 u 0 2 x cc ,0 m . @- w @ 1 0 , = . 0 u * , 0 z z 00 -Ea E,3 onQ C3 I z 0 9 ui ui 13 El REGION 3 TABLE22 Projected 1990 Population: 1393302 1990 2000 2010 PCNT. TOTAL TOTAL PRWATE ACTIVITY PART. DEMAND SUPPLY SUPPLY NEED DEMAND NEED DEMAND NEED UNIT CAMPING 21.31 13904 6363 5507 7541 15918 9555 18057 11694 SITES FISHING 26.15 39160 168727 351 +129567 42848 +125879 46520 +122207 ACRES CANOEING, ETC. 8.88 238 49 2 189 289 240 345 296 STREAM MILES SAILING 11.07 25179 169341 320 +144162 30293 +139048 35869 +133472 ACRES POWER BOATING 16.71 44821 169341 320 +124520 48873 +12046B 52991 +116350 ACRES WA`fER SKIING 8.95 75675 169341 320 +93666 91805 +77536 109492 +59849 ACRES POOL SWIMMING 48.19 493 -93 62 400 540 447 590 497 POOLS SWIMMING OUTDOORS 55.34 1567 798 185 769 1734 936 1907 1109 BEACH ACRES 798 185 210 302 1188 390 ACRES BEACH USE, SUNNING 51.48 1008 1100 HIKING, BACKPACKING 16.89 716 322 58 394 825 503 946 624 MILES JOGGING 35.24 6895 88 0 6807 7476 7388 8058 7970 MILES BICYCLING/WORK, SCH 12.77 144 0 0 '144 169 169 197 197 MILES BICYCLING PLEASURE 39.76 1558 226 --32 1332 1745 1519 1941 1715 MILES HORSEBACK RIDING 6.15 333 194 138 139 363 169 392 198 MILES FOUR WHEEL O.R.V. 7.61 239 4 2 235 2 279 275 MILES MOTORCYCLE OFF ROAD 4.96 121 4 2 117 130 1 126 141 137 MILES HUNTING 7.89 348469 953 549 347516 381657 380704 414842 413889 ACRES PICNICKING 38.89 8608 4828 1563 3780 9440 4612 10276 5448 TABLES GOL F 10.43 74 32 15 42 78 46 89 57 COURSES TENNIS 22.19 1424 863 104 561 1641 778 1873 1010 COURTS SOF FBALL, BASEBALL 22.58 931 685 66_ 246 1020 335 1108 423 FIELDS BAS(ETBALI. 22.36 2367 1219 88 1148 2692 1473 3039 1820 COURTS SOCCER 14.31 677 457 -22 220 797 340 929 472 FIELDS FOOrBALL -20.56 428 457 22 +29 469 12 512 55 FIELDS ICE SKATING 7.64 19 0 0 19 24 24 27 27 RINKS SKIING 9.58 10-1 0 101 123 123 147 147 1 LIFTS +means a surplus, TOTAL SUPPLY INCLUDES PRIVATE SUPPLY. 212 PLANNING DISTRICT 20 TABLE23 Projected 1990 Population: 1001501 1990 2000 2010 PCNT. TOTAL TOTAL PRIVATE ACTIVITY PART. DEMAND SUPPLY SUPPLY NEED DEMAND NEED DEMAND NEED UNIT CAMPING 21.31 8438 3066 2467 5372 9737 6671 11117 8051 SITES FISHING 26.15 24896 47480 228 +22584 27448 +20032 29976 +17504 ACRES CANOEING, ETC. 8.88 173 45 0 128 211 166 254 209 STREAM MILES SAILING 11.07 14945 48364 234 +33419 17998 +30366-- 21329 +27035 ACRE 3 POWER BOATING 16.71 24155 48364 234 +24209 26417 +21947 28737 +19627 ACRES WATER SKIING 8.95 42282 48364 234 +6082 51548 3184 61736 13372 ACRES POOL SWIMMING 48.24 333 64 40 269 368 304 405 341 POOLS SWIMMING OUTDOORS 55.34 1067 578 7 489 1182 604 1304 726 BEACH ACRES BEACH USE, SUNNING 51.48 679 578 7 101 742 164 803 225 ACRES HIKING, BACKPACKING 16.89 476 234 28 242 551 317 635 401 MILES JOGGING 35.24 4480 70 0 4410 4847 4777 5215 5145 MILES BICYCLING/WORK, SCH 12.77 104 0 0 104 122 122 143 143 MILES BICYCLING PLEASURE 39.76 954 -118 23 836 1069 951 1189 1071 MILES HORSEBACK RIDING 6.15 237 143 138 94 259 116 281 138 MILES FOUR WHEEL O.R.V. 7.61 186 4 2 182 203 199 219 215 MILES MOTORCYCLE OFF ROAD 4.96 96 4 2 92 104 100- 112 108 MILES HUNTING 7.89 250480 953 549 249527 276058 275105 301648 300695 ACRES PICNICKING 38.89 5860 3048 684 2812 6478 3430 7097 4049 TABLES GOLF 10.43 51 21 9 30 55 34 63 42 COURSES TENNIS 22.24 991 630 74 361 1150 520 1319 689 COURTS SOFTBALL, BASEBALL 22.73 643 500 39 143 705 205 768 268 FIELDS BASKETBALL 22.36 1725 1032 75 693 1958 926 2204 1172 COURTS SOCCER 14.38 458 375 19 83 541 166 632 257 FIELDS FOOTBALL 20.65 279 375 19 --F-196 305 1 +70 331 +44 IELDS ICE SKATING 7.64 14 0 0 14 17 1 17 20 20 RINKS SKIING 0 0 73 89 1 89 107 107 LIFTS +means a surplus. TOTAL SUPPLY INCLUDES PRIVATE SUPPLY. 213 PLANNING DISTRICT 21 TABLE24 Projected 1990 Population: 391801 1990 2000 2010 PCNT. TOTAL TOTAL PRIVATE ACTIVITY PART. DEMAND SUPPLY SUPPLY NEED DEMAND NEED DEMAND NEED UNIT CAMPING 21.31 5466 3297 3040 2169 6181 2884 6940 3643 SITES FISHING 26.15 14264 121247 123 +106983 15400 +105847 16544 +104703 ACRES CANOEING, ETC. 8.88 65 4 2 61 78 74 91 87 STREAM MILES SAILING 11.07 10234 120977 86 +110743 12295 +108682 14540 +106437 ACRES POWER BOATING 16.71 20666 120977 86 +100311 22495 +98482 24254 +96723 ACRES WATER SKIING 8.95 33393 120977 86 +87584 40257 +80720 47756 +73221 ACRES POOL SWIMMING 48.07 160 29 22 131 172 143 185 156 POOLS SWIMMING OUTDOORS 55.34 500 220 178 280 552 332 603 383 BEACH ACRES BEACH USE, SUNNING 51.48 329 220 178 109 358 138 385 165 ACRES HIKING, BACKPACKING 16.89 240 88 30 152 274 186 311 223 MILES JOGGING 35.24 2415 18 0 2397 2629 2611 2843 2825 MILES BICYCLING/WORK, SCH 12.77 40 0 0 40 47 47 54 54 MILES BICYCLING PLEASURE 39.76 604 108 9 496 676 568 752 644 MILES HORSEBACK RIDING 6.15 96 51 0 45 104 53 ill 60 MILES FOUR WHEEL O.R.V. 7.61 53 0 0 53 57 57 60 60 MILES MOTORCYCLE OFF ROAD 4.96 25 0 0 25 26 26 289 289 MILES HUNTING 7.89 97989 0 0 97989 105599 105599 113194 113194 ACRES PICNICKING 38.89 2748 1780 879 968 2962 1182 3179 1399 TABLES GOLF 10.43 23 11 6 12 23 12 26 15 COURSES TENNIS 22.07 433 233 30 200 491 258 554 321 COURTS SOFTBALL, BASEBALL 22.19 288 185 27 103 315 130 340 155 FIELDS BASKETBALL 22.36 642 187 13 455 734 547 835 648 COURTS SOCCER 14.12 219 82 3 137 256 174 297 215 FIELDS FOOTBALL 20.31 149 82 3 67 164 82 181 99 FIELDS ICE SKATING 7.64 5 0 0 5 7 7 7 7 RINKS SKIING 9.58 28 0 0 28 34 34 40 40 LIFTS +means a surplus. TOTAL SUPPLY INCLUDES PRIVATE SUPPLY. 214 --------- kA., _AWL REGION 4 Roanoke/Lynchburg Recreation Region 4, composed of Planning normally participated in close-to-home. This Districts 5 and 11, has a projected 1990 popula- type of facility provision is primarily the respon- K A, U tion of approximately 480,000. Almost 40% of sibility of local government. this total is concentrated in the Roanoke and Planning District 5 has an adequate supply of Lynchburg metropolitan areas. The remainder of the region is sparsely populated, with land use local and regional park acreage. However, 75% of devoted primarily to agriculture and forestry. the total acreage is in the protected watershed surrounding Carvin Cove Reservoir. Under A significant percentage of the land in Plan- present policy, recreational use of the area is very ning District 5 lies within the George Washington limited and adds little to the local supply of and Jefferson National Forests. For this reason, available outdoor recreational opportunities. If the region as a whole contains an adequate or the acreage at Carvin Cove is subtracted from the nearly adequate supply of horseback and hiking current supply, Planning District 5 has a deficit of trails, and hunting acreage. However, significant local and regional park acreage. However, be- facility and/or acreage shortages exist for nine of cause the district does have 75% of the amount of the twelve most popular outdoor recreation local and regional park and open space acreage activities participated in by residents of the recommended, primary emphasis should be on region. A majority of these activities are the type 215 facility development rather than land acquisi- A P" tions. pply of The most acute shortages in the su outdoor recreation opportunities in Planning J" District 5 exist in the Roanoke/Salem metropoli- tan area, where over 40% of the population is located. The greatest need is for close-to-home IV activities requiring special areas and/or facilities, such as swimming, basketball, picnicking, and softball/baseball. Though special circumstances may exist in some areas, generally speaking, local park and recreation department priorities in Planning District 5 should reflect the above referenced needs. Table 26 also shows facility deficiencies for jogging and biking. However, these activities do not usually require special facilities and do not, therefore, constitute priority needs. Much of the need for local outdoor recreational opportunity in Planning District 11 is generated 4. in and near the City of Lynchburg. The greatest area and/or facility needs are for outdoor swim- ming, softball/baseball, basketball, and biking. In V all probability a significant amount of the current facility needs can be satisfied with additional development of existing areas. In view of the fact that Planning District 11 has 86% of the recom- tz mended amount of local and regional park acreage, primary emphasis in most localities should be on facility development rather than land acquisition. M; A major recreation and open space proposal for this region is called the Explore Project. It will be developed as a result of a collaboration be- tween the public and private sector. This pro- 'Af gram calls for action on the part of federal, state, and local governments. The Explore Project consists of a parkway developed along the Roa- AX, noke River connecting the Blue Ridge Parkway to the Cities of Roanoke, Salem, Booker T. Washing- 216 ton Monument, and Smith Mountain Lake. It will to the top of North Mountain on Forest Service Regional Parks include a regional zoo and a major theme park Road 447 and then on to State Route 770 to the focusing on the westward expansion of the point of beginning. It is entirely on National 3. Additional developments at Mowles Spring United States. The Commonwealth hasallocated Forest land. Park, south of Salem, could help to meet current funds for the development of plans and land Both of these proposals may be recommended and future facility needs in the region. acquisition. Nearly 800 acres of the 1,200 acres to the Commonwealth to be evaluation for inclu- proposed for the project have been acquire . sion in the designated State Byway System. 4. Consideration should be given to the estab- The 1988 General Assembly directed a study lishment of a new regional park in the vicinity of of the area which included the Counties of Al- The satisfaction of the needs thus far discussed Poor Mountain/Bent Mountain, southwest of the leghany and Bath to develop a marketing ap- is primarily the responsibility of local govern- Roanoke/Salem area. proach to expand recreational opportunities. The ment. This Plan does not attempt to make site- study will specifically focus on the resources of specific recommendations for local parks and the U.S. Forest Service, Lake Moomaw, the recreation developments. The following recorn- Scenic Highways, Byways, and Gathright State Wildlife Management Area, and mendations involve resources which have the Parkways Douthat State Park. The private recreational potential to contribute significantly to park and open space opportunities at the regional and state opportunities, such as the Homestead, will be level. These key resources are identified by The following roads or sections of roads have included in the assessment. The study will systems, with general recommendations as to potential for consideration and possible designa- provide direction for any future developments in how they can best be protected, developed and/or tion as components of the Virginia Byway the area as they relate to existing and future park utilized to satisfy present and future park and System: development and acquisition. open space needs. 5. Route 220 in Alleghany County from the The U.S. Forest Service has begun a program north side of Covington to the Bath/Alleghany to identify scenic roads within forest lands. County line and in Botetourt County from Clifton These may be evaluated and included in the State Parks Forge to Route 615. Virginia Byway System. The following are being studied at this time. The first is the Dolly Ann 6. Route 606 in Bath and Alleghany Counties Discovery Byway, which would lie primarily 1. Completion of the much needed facilities at from north of Clifton Forge, northwest to the within National Forest lands and connect the Smith Mountain Lake State Park should be a intersection with Route 220. cities of Covington and Clifton Forge via Dolly priority. In view of the fact that land acquisition 7. Route 311 in Roanoke, Craig, and Allegh- Ann Drive (Route 625) eastward from Covington, has been completed and a basic facility has been any Counties, north from Salem, Virginia to which becomes Forest Service Road 125. This developed, the additional recreation units should White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia. route follows Pounding Mill Creek into the center be developed to meet current demand. of a large forest area before connecting with State The following site is identified for future 8. Route 501 in Bedford County from Lynch- Route 606 north of Clifton Forge. consideration should circumstances warrant: burg to the Bedford /Roc kbridge County line. A second possible scenic road is the Highlands 2. The James River and its environs in the 9. Routes 460, 24, 614, 626 in Appomattox Scenic Byway. This byway would form a loop vicinity of Lynchburg offer significant potential County, from the Appomattox/Campbell County road along the boundary between Rockbridge for the development of water oriented and water line to the Buckingham Appomattox County line. County and Alleghany County. It begins at Exit enhanced recreational opportunities in the imme- 10. Route 629 in Alleghany and Bath Counties 10 of Interstate 64 at Longdale Furnace and diate proximity of a major population center. from Clifton Forge, north through Douthat State proceeds east on State Route 850 [old Route 60), Acquisition of a state park site should be Park. passing under Interstate 64, Exit 11, and climbing considered. 217 11. Roanoke River Parkway. This proposal will connect the Roanoke area to the site of the proposed Explore Project situated along the Blue Ridge Parkway. 12. Route 43 in Botetourt County from Eagle Rock to the Town of Bedford. 13. Route 614 in Botetourt County from Inter- state 81, through Arcadia to the Blue Ridge Parkway. 14. Route 606 in Botetourt and Craig Counties from Fincastle to the intersection with Route 615. 3 15. Route 615 in Botetourt and Craig Counties from Eagle Rock to New Castle. V, 16. Route 633 in Botetourt County from Route 220 to Baldwin. 17. Route 42 in Craig County from Route 311 to the Montgomery County line. 18. A James River Byway consisting of roads that closely parallel the James River Bateau Festival Trail. The corridor would includes Route 6 in Goochland and Fluvanna Counties, Route 626 in Albemarle, Route 622 in Nelson and Amherst Counties, Route 130 in Amherst and Rockhridge Counties, Route 11 in Rockbridge county, and Routes 43 and 220 in Botetourt and Alleghany Counties. 19. Route 159 in Alleghany County from Route 311 to Covington. Natural Areas The following is a current listing (as of 1989) of significant natural resources and should be considered for inclusion into the State Natural -Z@- tT- Areas System: 20. Tobacco Row Mountain in Amherst County 218 is a unique Piedmont landmark that is scenic and should be contacted before making land use Springwood to Rocky Point. largely undeveloped. Protective measures are decisions. 34. The James River in Campbell, Amherst, needed to ensure the preservation of its natural and Appomattox Counties from Lynchburg to and scenic qualities. Public Water Access Bent Creek. 21. The scenic, natural environment of the 35. Craig Creek in Craig County from the Candler Mountain/Long Mountain area provides 27. Public Water Access Areas are needed on Montgomery/Craig County line to the Town of a natural greenbeft for the Lynchburg metropoli- the James River between Eagle Rock and New Castle. tan area. The area is suitable for a variety of Snowden; between Lynchburg and Bent Creek; recreational activities such as hunting and trail on Johns Creek above New Castle; and on Craig riding, and should be protected because of its Creek between New Castle and Strom. Other State Properfies proximity to a major population center. 22. Warm River Cave in Alleghany County 28. The U.S. Forest Service and the Depart- The following state owned properties contain contains both a warin water stream and a cold ment of Came and Inland Fisheries should coop- significant acreage of undeveloped land which water stream, which merge at Falling Spring. erate to finalize and implement plans to acquire may have potential for recreational use. Each site This phenomenon is believed to be unique east of and develop a series of boating and fishing access should be assessed and cooperative use agree- the Rocky Mountains and should be preserved. sites and canoe in campsites along the James ments developed where appropriate. River in Region 4. 23. Statons Creek Gorge and Lacy Falls in 29. Water based recreation facilities along with 36. The Lynchburg Training School and Hos- Amherst County comprise a unique scenic area. expanded access opportunities should be consid- pital site in Amherst contains approximately 100 The steep topography of the area is responsible ered for Lake Moomaw in Alleghany County. acres of undeveloped land. for a fragile microclimate in which two rare plant 37. Approximately 58 acres of the Central species have been found. The Forest Service Virginia Community College tract in Campbell owns the gorge and should develop the necessary Scenic Rivers County are undeveloped and may have potential protective measures as an element of their unit for recreational use. management planning. The following rivers or sections of rivers have 38. The Dabney Lancaster Community College 24. Potts Pond in Alleghany County is a natural been evaluated and found to qualify for inclusion in Alleghany County near Clifton Forge has some mountaintop pond whose environs support rare in the Virginia' Scenic Rivers System: 55 acres of undeveloped land. plant species. 30. The James River in Botetourt, Rockbridge, 25. Dunlap Creek Shale Barrens in Alleghany Amherst, and Bedford Counties and from Rocky County are several scenic shale cliffs with well Point to Snowden. Trails developed shale barren plant communities con- taining several rare plant species. 31. Johds Creek in Craig County from Craig The following trail proposals are suggested as 26. Castle-Craig Depressions in Campbell Springs to New Castle. components of the State Trails System: County are a unique geological formation which 32. Craig Creek in Craig and Botelourt Coun- 39. In Region 4, the Appalachian National support a relict disjunct plant community con- ties from New Castle to Strom. Scenic Trail stretches from northern Amherst taining many unusual plant species. The following river segments merit evaluation County to southern Craig County. Several of the The Heritage Program under the Department in the future to determine their suitability for sections in this region are in need of improvement of Conservation and Recreation continually inclusion in the Virginia Scenic Rivers system: and protection. Localities should continue to updates a list of sites needing protection and 33. The James River in Botetourt County from cooperate with and encourage the federal govern- ment and the Appalachian Trail Conference 219 Clubs in their efforts to protect and maintain the trail. 40. Cumberland to Appomattox Trail. A trail Y k',r should be developed which ties together the Cumberland State Forest with the Appomattox Courthouse National Historical Park via the Buckingham/Appomattox State Forest. The existing Willis River Trail could be linked by current forest roads and short sections of trail across private land to join these resources together. 41. The Roanoke Area nail is a proposed loop connection to the Appalachian Trail that would :47 provide urban residents with much needed X V 4'. hiking opportunities. 42. The proposed Alleghany nail traverses the "Y Craig County/West Virginia line and cuts across .,z t, @00 the southwest corner of Alleghany County before I 4:, entering West Virginia. The trail, which is under wow construction in West Virginia, will serve as an 1.00. alternate loop trail for the Appalachian National Scenic Trail. 43. Consideration should he given to the recrea T tional trail development of the abandoned C&O -of-way between New Castle and Railroad right Eagle Rock in Craig and Botetourt Counties. The right-of-way is already in state ownership and would serve as a means of connecting Camp Mitchell, the recently constructed high school, 4, Nc the Jefferson National Forest and several other (17 local recreation areas. 44, Roanoke-Lexington Horse nail. The Blue R@ Ridge Parkway and the National Forest staff have been working with horse enthusiasts in the acquisition and development of an equestrian 45. The C&O Line between Clifton Forge and 46. A James River Trail from the City of Rich- trail between Roanoke and Lexington. The trail Charlottesville should be acquired upon aban- mond to Iron Gate in Alleghany County should will connect the recently constructed equine donment and developed as a greenway. It holds be considered. This trail would he on existing NNW center near Lexington with trail resources in the potential as a multi-use trail corridor while rights-of-way, using public and private lands and national forests. providing linkage to several major recreation waters. systems. 220 REGION 4 LEGEND POTENT AL ROANOK&LYNCBBURG EXISTING PRO'P"O'SED 04111, go PARK OR RECREATION AREA d* 00 FOREST El A E) A WILDLIFE MGT. AREA H 0 n 0 NATURAL AREA - lab -C> PUBLIC FISHING LAKE - PUBLIC BOAT LANDING 0 HISTORIC AREA Late ""Ins Gathright W.M.A. In d1V SCENIC HWY., BYWAY, PKWY. w whi 9 a 'tn Do SCENIC RIVER t =1 R t ModywArm TRAIL 1, 25 Route 6 10 HOSTELS 42 BEACH 5 AR KEY NUMBERS REFER TO TEXT n 10 Rich Hole Wilderness INCLUDES WILDERNESS AREA Area Appalachian litall 'LiF ORG INGTON ALLEGHANY 16 Highlands q9F Motor Route 41 :)A George Washington National Forest 2 0 C, James River Face Wilderness A AMHERST James River Jefferson per James .10 Balteau Tralf National Forest Scenic River 7,3, 20 <1 Cutter State Forest 0000 .00 3 iTall Jefferson Appomattox - Buckingham National 8 2 S.F. & Natural Area Forest Alc`- Buhrman APPOMATTOX Tract 9 40 111day Lake S.P. 37',- @YNCHIIIIRI 4010 R='ke - Lexington --1 21 C) %44 H Trai BEDFORD 9 Appomattox Courthouse P lactilaft Havens Nat'l Historical Park an M A SALEKI-@, le , I ROANC@K Booker T. Washington ri 4t--'4 - ' Explore Project BEDFORD National Monument ark 3 OKE CAMPBELL 26(D B urassa State F rest I mith M u n Smith Mountain W.M.A. take S.P. p Plate 21 221 REGION 4 TABLE25 Projected 1990 Population: 479206 1990 2000 2010 PCNT. TOTAL TOTAL PRIVATE ACTIVITY PART. DEMAND SUPPLY SUPPLY NEED DEMAND NEED DEMAND NEED UNIT CAMPING 25.77 6526 3598 3014 2928 7157 3559 7818 4220 SITES FISHING 29.14 8064 17620 10444 +9556 8504 +9116 8952 +8668 ACRES CANOEING, ETC. 6.91 82 201 0 +119 99 +102 117 +84 STREAM MILES SAILING 3.58 1145 15321 11635 +14176 1522 +13799 1935 +13386 ACRES POWER BOATING 15.08 16071 15321 11635 750 16826 1505 17584 2263 ACRES WATER SKIING 9.28 18353 15321 11635 3032 21328 6007 24499 9178 ACRES POOL SWIMMING 38.96 ill 42 33 69 116 74 123 81 POOLS SWIMMING OUTDOORS 55.58 217 26 21 191 228 202 247 221 BEACH ACRES BEACH USE, SUNNING 32.76 90 26 21 64 97 71 100 74 ACRES HIKING, BACKPACKING 24.32 704 511 107 193 768 257 839 328 MILES JOGGING 29.28 1370 53 1 1317 1445 1392 1519 1466 MILES BICYCLING/WORK, SCH 7.02 82 0 0 82 101 101 117 117 MILES BICYCLING PLEASURE 30.45 255 71 7 -184 276 205 301 230 MILES HORSEBACK RIDING 4.23 148 78 77 70 156 78 163 85 MILES FOUR WHEEL O.R.V. 12.89 70 1 1 69 74 73 76 75 MILES MOTORCYCLE OFF ROAD 13.00 86 1 1 85 90 89 94 93 MILES HUNTING 12.00 325447 417402 2552 +91955 341803 +75599 358276 +59126 ACRES PICNICKING 47.00 3378 2747 1217 631 3547 800 3718 971 TABLES GOLF 9.63 34 18 17 16 37 19 37 19 COURSES TENNIS 14.15 Z73 304 60 +31 306 2 345 41 COURTS SOFTBALL, BASEBALL 23.18 485 326 28 159 509 183 530 204 FIELDS BASKETBALL 21.42 731 232 13 499 799 567 869 637 COURTS SOCCER 8.34 158 167 10 +9 190 23 219 52 FIELDS FOOTBALL 10.97 431 167 10 264 450 283 466 299 FIELDS ICE SKATING 5.25 3 0 0 3 5 5 5 5 RINKS SKIING 7.80 34 0 0 34 40 40 49 49 LIFTS +means a surplus. TOTAL SUPPLY INCLUDES PRIVATE SUPPLY. 222 PLANNING DISTRICT 5 TABLE26 Projected 1990 Population: 263713 1990 2000 2010 PCNT. TOTAL TOTAL PRIVATE ACTIVITY PART. DEMAND SUPPLY SUPPLY NEED DEMAND NEED DEMAND FNEED UNIT CAMPING 25.77 3725 1980 1660 1745 4072 2092 4436 2456 SITES FISHING 29.14 4448 5080 91 +632 4632 +448 4808 +272 ACRES CANOEING, ETC. 6.q 1 45 122 0 +77 54 +68 64 +58 STREAM MILES SAILING 3.58 469-- 3210 0 +2741 625 +2585 792 +2418 ACRES POWER BOATING 15.08 8610 3210 0 5400 8975 5765 9342 6132 ACRES WATER SKIING 9.28 9665 3210 0 6455 11178 7968 12782 9572 ACRES POOL SWIMMING 38.96 63 28 21 35 65 37 68 40 POOLS SWIMMING OUTDOORS 55.58 119 13 9 106 125 1-12 134 121 BEACH ACRES BEACH USE, SUNNING 32.76 51 13 9 38 53 40 55 42 ACRES HIKING, BACKPACKING 24.32 442 341 89 101 479 138 521 180 MILES JOGGING 29.28 792 43 0 749 827 784 859 816 MILES BICYCLING/WORK, SCH 7.02 45 0 45 55 55 62 62 MILES BICYCLING PLEASURE 30.45 163 62 3 1011 174 112 188 126 MILES HORSEBACK RIDING 4.23 99 75 74 24 104 29 107 32 MILES FOUR WHEEL O.R.V. 12.89 33 0 33 34 34 34 34 MILES 4+ 2 MOTORCYCLE OFF ROAD 13.00 42 0 42 43 43 45 45 MILES HUNTING 12.00 208295 332641 665 +124346 218148 +114493 228063 +104578 ACRES PICNICKING 47.00 2264 1036 237 1228 2352 1316 2440 1404 TABLES GOLF 9.63 22 9 11 24 13 24 13 COURSES TENNIS 14.15 171 173 33 +2_ 189 16 213 40 COURTS SOFTBALL, BASEBALL 23.18 330 211 9 119 342 131 352 141 FIELDS BASKETBALL 21.42 507 117 1 390 548 431 589 472 COURTS SOCCER 8.34 102 103 3 + 1 121 18 140 37 FIELDS FOOTBALL 10.97 309 103 3 206 319 216 327 224 FIELDS ICE SKATING 5.25 2 0 0 2 2 2 2 2 RINKS SKIING 7.80 19 0 0 19 21 21 26 26 LIFTS +means a surplus. TOTAL SUPPLY INCLUDES PRIVATE SUPPLY. 223 PLANNING DISTRICT I I TABLE27 Projected 1990 Population: 215493 1990 2000 2010 PCNT. TOTAL TOTAL PRIVATE ACTIVITY PART. DEMAND SUPPLY SUPPLY NEED DEMAND NEED DEMAND NEED UNIT CAMPING 25.77 2801 1618 1354 1183 3085 1467 3382 1764 SITES FISHING 29.14 3616 12540 10353 +8924 3872 +8668 4144 +8396 ACRES CANOEING, ETC. 6.91 37 79 0 +42 45 +34 53 +26 STREAM MILES SAILING 3.58 676 12111 11635 +11435 897 +11214 1143 +10968 ACRES POWER BOATING 15-08 7461 12111 11635 +4650 7851 +4260 8242_ +3869 ACRES WATER SKIING 9.28 8688 12111 11635 +3423 10150 +1961 11717 +394 ACRES POOL SWIMMING 39-05 48 14 12 34 51 37 55 41 Pool's SWIMMING OUTDOORS 55.58 98 13 12 85 103 90 113 100 BEACH ACRES BEACH USE, SUNNING 32.76 39 13 12 26 44 31 45 32 ACRES HIKING, BACKPACKING 24.32 262 170 18 92 289 119 318 148 MILES JOGGING 29.28 578 10 1 568 618 608 660 650 MILES BICYCLING/WORK, SCH 7.02 37 0 0 37 46 46 55 55 MILES BICYCLING PLEASURE 30.45 92 9 4 83 102 93 113 104 MILES HORSEBACK RIDING 4.23 49 3 3 46 52 49 56 53 MILES FOUR WHEEL O.R.V. 12.89 37 1 1 36 40 39 42 41 MILES MOTORCYCLE OFF ROAD 13.00 44 1 1 43 47 46 49 48 MILES HUNTING 12.00 117152 84761 1887 32391 123655 38894 130213 45452 ACRES PICNICKING 47.00 1114 1711 980 +597 1195 +516 1278 +433 TABLES GOLF 9.63 12 8 8 4 13 5 13 5 COURSES TENNIS 14.26 102 131 27 +29 117 +14 132 1 COURTS SOFTBALL, BASEBALL 23.38 155 115 19 40 167 52 178 63 FIELDS BASKETBALL 21.42 224 115 12 109 251 136 280 165 COURTS SOCCER 8.47 56 64 7 +8 69 5 79 15 FIELDS FOOTBALL 11.01 122 64 7 58 131 67 139 75 FIELDS ICE SKATING 5.25 1 0 0 1 3 3 3 3 RINKS SKIING 7.80 15 0 0 15 19 19 23 23 LIFTS +means a surplus. TOTAL SUPPLY INCLUDES PRIVATE SUPPLY. 224 C; cn >, - , - - -.;,, -Z@ ,a) a) m " (L; co C) -C w- , mU@ -= r@ C) -C E C E ;>- C 0 ..- W X - CL; cc CL; a; = CL) L) L) ccZ CL; cn _r_ cn -I-- CL; cn CL; U Mcr co 7-- cc 3) c:, cr ,a. Lo w a) >-E 7-- L6 cz LD v't c cn _= " 7-- >-. 2- " r- c LO r. C-0U cj@ - c C) -C5 Do C.) cc ;:J CL@ -= cc - --C -0 -a OiD cn 0 o x Cc L) .0 0.0 a) cn 5 L) L) 1 7-2 CC w - = CZ: CL; CU cc t -a > E CL) c cc C) L) Z) cc -'a a) ct E L) cc Cl) L) co a; Co I L) L) 7- > a; @) w. E > , " -2 cz 0. -2 cu 00 CL) :n a; cn C) --a cn 0) C'. cz (1) a) -a c ': a) CC m ll@ > > Q@ cc " r@ - L) co L) @w- R Lf5 - -Ic X C) -*@ F) CL@ K L) E 0 T..q cc cu 't czNZ3 m > CZ C) - C dEn cr a; c) cc a) 0 .2 - L5 @C: m CL CL C)c-a C: ccc - a) - t-@ U@ - cn cc E - =, @x. CL, Cc ro Z a CL@ cn -:@ - C) cc E-x E6 .- '= " , a - CL) U@ W C-a30 = C: oc a; CL Cc a; 'o cc a) - -0 cn L) co N Cl cc > (i co ct cn > X OJD cn C: C, L) tll@ U, Cc 3) c L) C) 0CL) C: a; -u, a, M 5 au ?: .4 E > co cn CL) cr L) CL@ CL) X Eli > C) cc WMA, a M 00 7' 4*t In, Ell U5 v I A, DAN low olw@llmvp;,t'l'W.,. particular, off-road, four-wheel drive and motor- cycle riding are very popular sports in Region 5. Unfortunately, there is a 50% deficiency of suita- ble places to ride or drive these vehicles. Con- structing a challenging off-road course could be one form of strip mine reclamation that would help satisfy this demand. Fishing is the fifth most popular activity in Region 5, based on the 1987 Outdoor Recreation Demand Survey, and is only surpassed in popu- larity by picnicking. Many quality rivers traverse development of additional access for both canoe the region and provide opportunities for the and bank fishing. Through the close cooperation of slate, planning district, county, local, and federal agencies, it would he possible to develop, along the major stream valleys, a system of access points with some sites being set aside for picnicking, parking, and camping. Such develop- ments could provide increased opportunity for water enhanced recreation on good fishing and canoeing streams. Table 28 on page 233 lists, in order of regional working with private individuals, chambers of therefore, merit special attention. These resour- participation rates, 24 outdoor recreational commerce, business leaders, local governments, ces are identified by recreation system with activities. Of those listed which require special and colleges to develop a coordinated and com- recommendations as to how they can best meet facilities, softball /baseball fields and basketball bined recreation and tourism marketing strategy existing and future demand. courts seem to be of highest need region wide. for southwestern Virginia that emphasizes the Swimming pools are needed in three planning interrelationship of the forest with other attrac- districts. tions in the region. This program should do much State Parks to encourage tourism and recreational use of the Operation Comerstone national forest as well as public and private 1. At Claytor Lake State Park in Pulaski parks and attractions. Local economies will County plans are being developed for additional In 1988, the U.S. Forest Service initiated a new accrue many secondary economic benefits. Local picnic facilities, increasing marina capacity and marketing program for the national forests called parks and recreation departments, chambers of improvement of the beach and related facilities. "Operation Cornerstone:' with the "Cornerstone commerce, and service industries that benefit This should be implemented as soon as possible. from tourist attractions should become involved of the National Forest being recreation and in the development of this opportunity. 2. Grayson Highlands State Park in Grayson tourism. The concept is that the national forest is County should cooperate with the New River a significant economic asset to local economies The following significant resources contribute, Trail State Park and the Mount Rogers NRA to and produces more than timber and mineral or have potential to contribute, to regional open develop a connector trail between the Virginia resources. The Jefferson National Forest staff is space and/or recreational opportunities and, Creeper Trail and the New River Trail State Park. 226 3. Hungry Mother State Park in Smyth County much of its length and ties together the may crease its responsiveness to the recreation needs near Marion has acquired Hemlock Haven Con- towns and people of the New River Valley from of the region. A new tramway will provide access ference Center and opened it for use. This facility Fries and Galax to the outskirts of Pulaski. Local to the base of Natural Tunnel from the visitor should do much to meet the needs of large groups, citizens have worked together to build the park, center. business, family groups, and government units clean up trash, landscape, and deck bridges. A 6. Breaks Interstate Park should investigate for accommodations in an outdoor recreation master plan should be prepared to guide develop- opportunities to acquire land along Russell Fork setting. ment of canoe access, camping, fishing, and in Virginia that could be used in the development 4. New River 'ftail State Park was donated to picnic areas as well as trail access sites and of a whitewater rafting industry associated with the state in December 1986 by Norfolk Southern parking areas. Funding to complete construction, planned releases from Flannagan Dam. Also, Corporation, The 55 miles of railroad right-of- and acquire access sites is needed. lands owned by the U.S. Forest Service known as way is known as the Carolina Branch. This 5. Natural Tunnel State Park has undergone the Pinnacles or Towers in the scenic viewshed of newest state park parallels the New River for extensive expansion and development to in- the park should be considered for acquisition. 227 National Forests 7. Mount Rogers National Recreation Area (NRA) has opened Beartree Campground. In doing so, the Forest Service has substantially increased the number of visitors the NRA can serve. The completion of Ravens Cliff and the New River asing areas will help meet the incre demands of the future. Because of the NRAs proximity to Grayson Highlands State Park and New River Trail State Park, it is advisable to have Forest Service and state park coordinate and share information on each other's facilities and activities, particularly with respect to publica- tions, maps, and trail development activities. Any development which will provide access to water resources for swimming, fishing, or canoe- ing should also receive priority. The NRA should continue to pursue opportunities to consolidate its boundaries when lands become available for acquisition. Development of additional faci i ies as specified in the 1980 Final Management Plan and Environmental Impact Statement f or the Mount Rogers NRA should be completed using ginia private investors if necessary. The Vir Creeper Trail should be connected to the New River Trail State Park, linking both ends of the 10. Route 16 in Grayson, Smyth, and Tazewell 15. Routes 61 and 666 in Tazewell County NRA. Counties from Volney to the intersection with would complete a loop between Burkes Garden Route 61. and Tazewell. Virginia Byways, Scenic 11. Route 603 in Grayson County from Konna- 16. Route 739 in Dickenson County provides Highways, and Parkways rock to Route 16. additional access to Flannagan Reservoir. 12. Routes 700, 604, and 42 in Giles County 17. Route 61 in Giles and Bland Counties from The following roads or sections of roads have from the Intersection of Routes 700-460 to Route Narrows to Rocky Gap. potential for consideration and possible designa- 604, and from there by Routes 604, 601, and 42 to 18. Routes 693 and 672 in Pulaski and Montgo- tion as components of the Virginia Byway the intersection of Routes 42-460. Access to mery Counties from Route 8 to the access road at System: Mountain Lake is via Route 700. 1-81. 8. Route 75 in Washington County from Abing- 13. Route 660 in Pulaski County from 1-81 to 19. Route 8 in Montgomery and Floyd Counties don to the Virginia/Tennessee line. Claytor Lake State Park. from Christiansburg to the Blue Ridge Parkway. 9. Route 58 in Washington and Grayson Coun- 14. Route 348 in Smyth County within and in 20. Routes 58,781, and 648 in Floyd and Carroll ties from Interstate 81 to Volney. the vicinity of Hungry Mother State Park. Counties. 228 21. Route 58 in Lee, Scott, and Wise Counties amateur naturalists. Pubfic Water Access Areas from Cumberland Gap to Abingdon. The following is a current listing [as of 1989) of 22. Routes 80 and 63 in Dickenson, Buchanan, significant natural resources and should be Although Region 5 is rich in water resources, Russell, and Washington Counties from Breaks to considered for inclusion into the State Natural public access to them is inadequate and needs to Flannagan Reservoir. Areas System: be substantially increased. In all instances where 23. Routes 709, 614, 802, 689, 613, and 747 in 29. The Clinch Mountain area along the Wash- public highway crossings of fishable and/or Scott and Washington Counties from Weber City ington, Russell, Smyth County lines contains the floatable waters are scheduled for renovation, to Laurel Bed Lake. state's fourth highest peak, almost 4,700 feet. The relocation, or wherever feasible, the potential for climate of the higher elevations of the Clinch providing parking areas and boat launching 24. Routes 19,16,42,621, and 21-52 in Russell, Mountain area is similar to that of Southern ramps should be evaluated. Tazewell, Smyth, Bland, and Wythe Counties Canada. Winters are harsh and revegetation is from Route 80 to Wytheville. slower, due to the shorter growing season. Scenic Scenic Rivers 25. Route 635 in Giles County, from the New vistas from the higher ridges provide impressive River to White Rocks and the West Virginia state views to the Mount Rogers National Recreation line. Area, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Kentucky. The following rivers or sections of rivers have 26. Route 738 in Pulaski and Bland Counties The unusual floral and faunal associations of this been evaluated and found to qualify for inclusion from Pulaski to Route 42. area should be preserved. in the Virginia Scenic Rivers System: 27. Route 700 in Washington County from the 30. Clinch River in Russell County has pools 34. Craig Creek from the headwaters to the intersection with Route 745 to the intersection and shoal areas inhabited by a large diversity of Montgomery County line. with Route 58. rare mollusk and fish species. 35. Russell Fork in Breaks Interstate Park. 31. Laurel Bed Creek Headwaters in Russeil 36. Clinch River in Russell County from Puck- and Tazewell Counties has extensive high eleva- ett's Hole to Nash Ford. Natural Parks tion wetlands and beaver pond areas with asso- 37. Whitetop Laurel Creek froin Creek Junction 28. The Nature Conservancy's Falls Ridge ciated unique flora and fauna. to near Damascus in Grayson and Washington Preserve was established in 1975. It consists of 32. Burkes Garden in Tazewell County is a Counties. 655 acres which the Conservancy designated unique physiographic feature in itself with scenic 38. The New River from Buck Reservoir to with an ecological rating of "Rare Ecosystem." mountain terrain and abundant wetland habitats. Allisonia and from Whilethorne to Bluff City in One of the prime attractions of the Preserve is a Also contains a unique cave system and unusual Montgomery and Giles Counties. spectacular 30 meter travertine waterfall. Other plant community with several rare plants and distinguishing features include an old lime kiln animals. 39. Big Reed Island Creek from Route 753 to and several caves near the waterfall. The Pre- 33. Buffalo Mountain in Floyd County has near Route 693 in Carroll and Pulaski Counties. serve is noted for its outstanding display of unique geologic feature with an exposed rock 40. The Little River from Route 8 to Route 787 spring wildflowers and diversity of wildlife. A bald, several rare plants and animals, and unu- in Floyd and Montgomery Counties. geologic fault runs through this natural area sual, virgin forest community. The following river segments merit evaluation creating two soil types and, consequently, differ- ences in vegetation. With its proximity to Blacks- The Heritage Program under the Department to determine their suitability for inclusion in the burg, it has become a valuable research area for of Conservation and Recreation continually Virginia Scenic Rivers System: scientists from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and updates a list of sites needing protection and 41. The North Fork Holston River from Plas- State University. It is also popular with garden should be contacted before making land use terco to the Tennessee state line through Wash- clubs, scouts, botanists, bird watchers, and ecisions. ington County. 229 42. The Clinch River from Blackford to Puck- ett's Hole, and Nash Ford to Cleveland in Russell County. @kV 43. The Middle Fork Holston River from Seven Mile Fork to South Holston Lake in Washington County. 44. South Fork Holston River from Sugar Grove to the South Holston Lake. 45. Cripple Creek from Speedwell to the Ne River in Wythe County. 46. Laurel Fork from the headwaters to Big Reed Island Creek in Carroll County. 47. Walker Creek from Point Pleasant to the New River in Bland and Giles County. 48. Little Stony Creek from its headwaters to the New River in Giles County. x Historic Preserves 49. Ingle's Ferry on the New River in Montgo- mery and Pulaski Counties should be preserved 4@, in connection with a potential county park and other recreational developments. 51. Sections of the Appalachian National 54. Guest River Gorge nail should be deve- 50. Daniel Boone Historic Trail was officially Scenic Trail need additional protection and loped along the bed of the old Interstate Railroad designated by the 1988 session of the General improvements. Future considerations should in Wise County. Assembly. The trail is along Route 23 from the include a spur trail which will provide access Tennessee state line to its junction with Route 58 from the Blacksburg area. at Duffield and then along Route 58 to the Cum- 52. Breaks Trail is proposed as a spur off the Other Recreation Areas berland Cap. Sites of historic significance along Trans-Virginia Trail and would run from Hungry the route should be identified and interpreted in a Mother State Park to Breaks Interstate Park and 55. Fishers Peak in Carroll County, a recrea- publication made available to visitors to the area. connect with Kentucky's Little Shepherd Trail. tional development planned by the National Park Service, is included in the Blue Ridge Parkway 53. Cumberland Mountain Trail from Cumber- Master Plan. Trails land Gap to the Breaks Interstate Park should be 56. The Jefferson National Forest will upgrade developed jointly by the National Park Service, facilities at the North Fork Reservoir in Wise The following trail proposals are suggested as U.S. Forest Service, state and local governments, County. components of the State Trails System: and trail enthusiasts. 230 Hosteh The following general areas are suggested for the establishment of hostels: 57. Galax. 58. Honaker. 59. Adney Gap. 60. Fancy Gap. Other State Properties The following state owned properties contain j significant undeveloped land which may have 411; 7 potential for recreational use. Each site should be assessed and cooperative use agreements should lJ.PMI!!!!r7- be developed where appropriate. 61. New River Community College, Pulaski County, has 100 acres suitable for game field and tennis court development. 62. Fishburn Tract, a VPI&SU property in Montgomery County is a picturesque parcel suitable for the provision of a variety of dispersed recreational opportunities on its 1,200 acres of forested land. V 63. Mountain Empire Community College in Wise County has 100 acres of land suitable for al enjoyment on which recreational recreation development could take place. 64. Southwest Virginia Community College in Russell County has 99 acres of land on which some development potential may exist. 65. Virginia Highlands Community College in Washington County has a 100-acre tract suitable for outdoor recreation development. 231 REGION 5 SOUTHWEST VIRGINIA LEGEND POTENTIAL OR EXISTING PROPOS D me 100 PARK OR RECREATION AREA E24 gio FOREST El A WILDLIFE MGT. AREA H 0 NATURAL AREA - 14M XD PUBLIC FISHING LAKE - PUBLIC BOAT LANDING 0 HISTORIC AREA SCENIC HWY., BYWAY, PKWY. SCENIC RIVER TRAIL HOSTELS BEACH 25 nans-cortfinerflal 131ke Do,, KEY NUNBERS REFER TO TEXT INCLUDES WItDERWESS AREA 14. 4 34 94 GILES Breaks Interstate Par, 62MONT r1% ERY 5 BUCHANAN 4 Falls BLAND Ridge RA RD John W. I 1 428iV 15 C-eh eeee Flannagan "0 C, TAZEWELL W.1hel 5@ * Res 22 ____1 32 9CIaytor Lake _t;- 56 24 State Park 61 North FO K 01 'Ir- @ICKENSON Lick Cr k A Pound s. allret imeo ju L PF.L. OTT Nal 10 R' 4o FLOYD *A 53 63 Rj'.' 29 ore s No," I L ur 24 se,111110tOmm-Trall Aiv4 South eat Va. WISE Jefferson @[email protected] 30 NYT@FVILLE 051 muse m Forest -% , 'ff linch M ."let WYTH@ 4 39 19 8RUSSE L W.M .A. S Rural Retreat Ke9kee P.F-L Ctee hot Towm SMYTH .. 3 P.F.L.4 Ct- Historl I P k 33 0C Dripple 38 42 Hii don Vallev 23 Mountain dow C) 4 P.F .L &W.1 43 -4WP reServ 4 P.F.L. Fork lb 1, LEE 34 ec-Af CARROLL * "' Cumberland Gap 5 -SCOTT 21 WASHI ON 44 7 Crooked Crook N.H.P. 2, atural Tunne 6 10 GRAYSON M. t. R s P & N A. 09 60 conic G L X\ 23 55 VirgInIa-J Sout zhite Danle7l Holston Boone Creeper Highlands nail nail L"e State Park Plate 22 232 REGION 5 TABLE28 Projected 1990 Population: 604222 1990 2000 2010 PCNT. TOTAL TOTAL PRIVATE ACTIVITY PART. DEMAND SUPPLY SUPPLY NEED DEMAND NEED DEMAND NEED UNIT CAMPING 21.31 5597 4219 2297 1378- 6249 2030 6953 2734 SITES FISHING 34.99 22896 9986 723 12910 -24312 14326 25696 15710 ACRES CANOEING, ETC. 6.55 67 201 0 +134 83 +118 100 +101 STREAM MILES SAILING 3.86 1681 7344 152 +5663_ 2245 +5099 2856 +4488 ACRES POWERBOAIING 6.81 7173 7344 152 +171 7621 277 8070 726 ACRES WNI'ER SKIING 5.63 9233 7344 152 1889 11505 4161 13982 6638 ACRES POOL SWIMMING 37.39 116 67 36 49 126 59 131 64 POOLS SWIMMING OUTDOORS 46.43 332 104 87 228 358 254 385 281 BEACH ACRES BEACH USE, SUNNING 33.54 218 104 87 114 235 131 248 144 ACRES HIKING, BACKPACKING 30.89 651 600 34 51 721 121 789 189 MILES JOGGING 30.76 829 16 0 813 870 854 919 903 MILES BICYCLING/WORK, SCH 13.63 88 0 0 88 102 102 116 116 MILES BICYCLING PLEASURE 25.84 289 270 0 19 318 48 351 81 MILES HORSEBACK RIDING 7.63 346 143 30 203 372 229 394 251 MILES FOUR WHEEL O.R.V. -21.69 544 77 0 467 573 496 607 530 MILES MOTORCYCLE OFF ROAD 7.20 275 77 0 198 291 214 306 229 MILES HUNTING 12.94 186331 308267 822 +121936 197188 +111079 208181 +100086 ACRES PICNICKING 39.05 3590 4083 662 +493 3795 +288 4008 +75 TABLES GOLF 11.46 31 21 17 10 35 14 36 15 COURSES TENNIS 15.24 385 233 54 152 435 202 488 255 COURTS SOFTBALL, BASEBALL 39.71 146 177 25 +31 158 +19 165 +12 FIELDS BASKETBALL 25.29 711 144 20 567 783 639 859 715 COURTS SOCCER 7.21 336 61 6 275 404 343 483 422 FIELDS FOOTBALL 11.15 233 61 6 172 246 185 262 201 FIELDS ICE SKATING 1.82 0 0 0 0 0 0 o RINKS SKIING 3.22 8 2 2 6 13 11 15 13 LIFTS +means a SUrPJUS. TOTAL SUPPLY INCLUDES PRIVATE SUPPLY. 233 + m = cr -1 n :@ = K 'I= E R -5 = m -cl* -C m m @-!m > 0 > 0 0 C > > > C rl > > > > z z C: > U) z ;71 C-) co C > @c r. cr C m 0 C: C: @oC > z Cl) r1l; cow 00 L@4 @Q m m L@ w @o @jl @o @z C@ L, 410 z w .4, CICm cz w t", Cc 0@ zj, @o Lq t@ I-,; cc ND w - 4. M L@ = w = w "I m cc w m m C": M 4. L- w C) 'A 1-1 03 CZ) cz= @o t@ 0@ 'A r": C) o o z 0 0 'A L@ "I 'A ril + co ol CD -4 @m 0@ V.; m W C) + w zz 4. 41 "1 w t@ 4, co ::cz + L, @c N r@ 41 co 'A + + + CC L, -,I = N 41 C) t@ cz "I C., CC C @c 1@ C) L@ 4, L, co tz cz 0 L@ C.1; @z rl;- t = N 41 + t:, X, 41 L, C.ZN C., + + > > > > U5 U) m U-) or cr U) Lf)> @n PLANNING DISTRICT 2 TABLE30 Projected 1990 Population: 151113 1990 2000 2010 PCNT. TOTAL TOTAL PRIVATE ACTIVITY PART. DEMAND SUPPLY SUPPLY NEED DEMAND NEED DEMAND NEED UNIT CAMPING 21.31 1227 375 163 852 1372 997 1527 1152 SITES FISHING 34.99 5728 2389 202 3339 6128 3739 6520 4131 ACRES CANOEING, ETC. 6.55 18 81 0 +63 21 +60 26 +55 STREAM MILES SAILING 3.86 400 1257 80 +857 535 +722 682 +575 ACRES POWER BOATING 6.81 1711 1257 80 454 1830 573 -1949 692 ACRES WATER SKIING 5.63 2171 1257 80 914 2735 1478 3350 2093 ACRES POOL SWIMMING 37.85 27 13 9 14 30 17 31 18 POOLS SWIMMING OUTDOORS 46.43 77 1 1 76-- 84 83- 91 90 BEACH ACRES BEACH USE, SUNNING 33.54 53 1 1 52 56 55 59 58 ACRES HIKING, BACKPACKING 30.89 136 61 10 75 151 90 166 105 MILES JOGGING 30.76 129 0 0 129 137 137 147 147 MILES BICYCLING/WORK, SCH 13.63 22 0 0 22 26 26 29 29 MILES BICYCLING PLEASURE 25.84 70 53 0 17 77 24 86 33 MILES HORSEBACK RIDING 7.63 83 10 5 73 91 81 97 87 MILES FOUR WHEEL O.R.V. 21.69 65 0 0 65 69 69 75 75 MILES MOTORCYCLE OFF ROAD 7.20 23 0 0 23 26 26 27 27 MILES HUNTING .12.94 30720 25664 0 5056 32765 7101 34816 9152 ACRES PICNICKING 39.05 785 832 74 +47 840 8 894 62 TABLES GOLF 11.46 8 4 4 4 8 4 8 4 COURSES 95 51 9 44 108 57 121 70 COURTS TENNIS 15.60 SOFTBALL, BASEBALL 44.09 36 30 3 6 40 10 41 11 FIELDS BASKETBALL 25.29 158 19 1 139 176 157 194 175 COURTS SOCCER 7.42 82 1 0 81 100 99 120 119 FIELDS FOOTBALL 11.40 51 1 0 50 55 54 59 58 FIELDS ICE SKATING 1.82 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 RINKS SKIING 3.22 0 0 0 0 1 -1 2 2 LIFTS +means a surplus. TOTAL SUPPLY INCLUDES PRIVATE SUPPLY. 235 PLANNING DISTRICT 3 TABLE31 Projected 1990 Population: 191309 1990 2000 2010 PCNT. TOTAL TOTAL PRIVATE ACTIVITY PART. DEMAND SUPPLY SUPPLY NEED DEMAND NEED DEMAND NEED UNIT CAMPING 21.31 1725 2116 1259 +391 1898 +218 2093 +23 SITES FISHING 34.99 7248 1835 426 5413 7560 5725 7856 6021 ACRES CANOEING, ETC. 6.55 23 80 0 +57 29 +51 34 +46 STREAM MILES SAILING 3.86 498 240 12 258 654 414 821_ 581 ACRES POWER BOATING 6.81 2167 240 12 1927 2258 2018 2351 2111 ACRES WATER SKIING 5.63 2747 240 12 2507 3372 3132 4044 3804 ACRES POOL SWIMMING 37.28 37 24 13 13 40 16 41 17 POOLS SWIMMING OUTDOORS 46.43 122 88 81 34 128 40 136 48 BEACH ACRES BEACH USE, SUNNING 33.54 75 88 81 +13 81 +7 85 +3 ACRES HIKING, BACKPACKING 30.89 218 297 8 +79 241 +56 262 +35 MILES JOGGING 30.76 329 11 0 318 340 329 357 346 MILES BICYCLING/WORK, SCH 13.63 28 0 0 28 32 32 35 35 MILES BICYCLING PLEASURE 25.84 96 161 0 +65 104 +57 112 +49 MILES HORSEBACK RIDING 7.63 113 84 1 29 119 35 124 40 MILES FOUR WHEEL O.R.V. 21.69 365 77 0- 288 383 306 403 326 MILES MOTORCYCLE OFF ROAD 7.20 210 77 0 133 222 145 234 157 MILES HUNTING 12.94 98001 218253 72 +120252 102896 +115357 107899 +110354 ACRES PICNICKING 39.05 1195 1703 337 +508 1237 +466 1284 +419 TABLES GOLF 11.46 10 7 7 3 12 5 12 5 COURSES TENNIS 15.15 121 63 25 58 134 Ti 149 86 COURTS SOFTBALL, BASEBALL 38.70 45 59 18 +14 49 +10 50 +9 FIELDS BASKETBALL 25.29 234 46 14 188 253 207 274 228 COURTS SOCCER 7.17 107 24 5 83 126 102 149 125 FIELDS FOOTBALL 11.10 80 24 5 56 83 59 87 63 FIELDS ICE SKATING 1.82 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 RINKS SKIING 3.22 7 2 2 5 10 8 11 9 LIFTS +means a surplus. TOTAL SUPPLY INCLUDES PRIVATE SUPPLY. 236 PLANNING DISTRICT 4 TABLE32 Projected 1990 Population: 152696 1990 2000 2010 PCNT. TOTAL TOTAL PRIVATE NEED NEED NEED ACTIVITY PART. NEED SUPPLY SUPPLY GAP NEED GAP NEED GAP UNIT CAMPING 21.31 1731 1310 875 421 1951 641 2185 875 SITES FISHING 34.99 5784 4947 83 837 6176 1229 6560 1613 ACRES CANOEING, ETC. 6.55 16 19 0 +3 20 1 24 5 STREAM MILES SAILING 3.86 499 5050 50 +4551 671 +4379 858 +4192 ACRES POWER BOATING 6.81 2059 5050 50 +2991 2206 +2844 2352 +2698 ACRES WATER SKIING 5.63 2748 5050 50 +2302 3415 +1635 4148 +902 ACRES POOL SWIMMING 36.75 31 15 9 16 33 18 35 20 POOLS SWIMMING OUTDOORS 46.44 77 8 4 69 85 77 91 83 BEACH ACRES BEACH USE, SUNNING 33.55 52 8 4 44 57 49 61 53 ACRES HIKING, BACKPACKING 30.89 195 109 12 86 216 107 236 127 MILES JOGGING 30.76 243 4 239 255 251 269 265 MILES BICYCLING/WORK, SCH 13.63 22 0 0 22 25 25 30 30 MILES BICYCLING PLEASURE 25.84 73 56 0 17 80 24 90 34 MILES HORSEBACK RIDING 7.63 - -89 20 15 69 96 76 103 83 MILES FOUR WHEEL O.R.V. 21.69 67 0 0 67 70 70 75 75 MILES MOTORCYCLE OFF ROAD 7.20 24 0 0 24 25 25 26 26 MILES HUNTING 12.94 28574 750 750 27824 30481 29731 32390 31640 ACRES PICNICKING 39.05 985 836 109 149 1048 212 1114 278 TABLES GOLF 11.46 9 8 5 1 9 1 10 2 COURSES TENNIS 14.73 101 92 12 9 115 23 130 38 COURTS SOFTBALL, BASEBALL 33.73 39 72 2 +33 41 +31 44 +28 FIELDS BASKETBALL 25.29 202 68 -3 134 224 156 246 178 COURTS SOC--ER 6.94 87 35 1 52 -106 71 127 92 FIELDS FOOTBALL 10.81 64 35 29 68 33 73 38 FIELDS ICE SKATING 1.82 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 RINKS SKIING 3.22 1 0 0 1 1 1 LIFTS +rneans a surplus. TOTAL SUPPLY INCLUDES PRIVATE SUPPLY. 237 411 AA DU 1\.FIGION 6 r,%414', Shenandoah Valley 11F Recreation Region 6 contains the communities located in the higher elevations along the Blue of the Shenandoah Valley, a small component of Ridge and the Alleghanies. All of the resorts are the James River watershed, and a segment of the provided by private enterprise. Blue Ridge and Alleghany Mountain ranges. The 1987 Outdoor Recreation Demand, Sup- Planning Districts 6 and 7 are within this recrea- ply, and Needs Analysis indicates that overall, tiOD region. Region 6 has a surplus of local park acres. How- The region abounds with beautiful landscapes ever, a close look at Table 33 reveals area and and diverse natural resources that are tourist facility deficiencies for a number of resource Ar", attractions of national significance. Within the oriented activities. Close-to-home needs for region, there are over 870,000 acres of state and activities like jogging and bicycling for pleasure federal lands that are available for almost all are likely to be satisfied primarily on existing forms of outdoor recreation. These resources streets and will not require a lar8e amount of include Shenandoah National Park, Skyline locally provided resources, although signed bike Drive, Blue Ridge Parkway, George Washington routes and jogging trails are needed throughout National Forest, Lake Moomaw, Douthat State the region. Within the two planning districts Park, as well as Gathright, Highland, Goshen, priorities will differ, but it appears that local and Little North Mountain Wildlife Management emphasis should be placed upon providing swim- areas. ming pools, outdoor swimming areas with beaches, basketball courts, ball fields, fitness In a ddition to the vast amount of state and trails, and similar activities that will help to meet federal recreational resources, the private sector close-to-home needs. provides significant amounts of intensively developed recreational facilities, such as golf The Division of Planning and Budget has courses, snow skiing areas, campgrounds with projected a 14% population increase for the region swimming pools, picnicking, and fishing oppor- between 1990 and 2000. This will in effect elim- tunities. Although these resources were deve- inate most of the surpluses that now exist in the loped primarily to serve the large influx of close-to-home facilities normally provided by tourists, in some cases they also meet a portion of local units of governments. Tables 33 on page 245 the local recreational needs. Region 6 contains projects regional needs from 1990 to 2010 for all most of the ski areas within the Commonwealth. measured outdoor recreation activities. Three of the state's four snow ski resorts are 238 :' 'I I *@' "I @ ____ -_ - -- ning plans for expanding existing facilities which QA. are already being used to capacity. A concession operated marina and swi now in imming area is the planning stages. The Department of Game and Inland Fisheries operates the Gathright Wildlife Management Area, which surrounds the a e. T e y are cooperating with the Corps of 7;a Engineers and the U.S. Forest Service in the management of the wildlife and fishery resources. 4. The Virginia Power Company's Bath County X Pump Storage Hydroelectric Project on Back Creek includes the provision of an extensive multipurpose recreation area along Back Creek below the dam. Fishing, swimming, boating, and picnicking facilities will be provided adjacent to two ponds, totaling approximately 85 acres. Hiking and stream fishing opportunities are provided in conjunction with the project. The following significant resources contribute, 2. Cedar Creek in Frederick and Shenandoah Scenic Highway, Byways, and or have the potential to contribute, to regional Counties offers beautiful scenery, excellent open space and/or recreational opportunities fishing and canoeing opportunities, several caves, Parkways and, therefore, merit special attention. These and historic features, including the Cedar Creek resources are identified by recreation systems Battlefield in Frederick County. The area pro- The following roads or sections of roads have with recommendations, when appropriate, as to vides a rare opportunity for the acquisition and potential for consideration and possible designa- how they might best meet existing or future development of a multipurpose river park.There tion as components of the Virginia Byways demand. is a possibility that such a state park could be System: developed in conjunction with Belle Grove, a 5. Route 250 in Highland and Augusta Coun- property of the National Trust for Historic ties from Monterey to Staunton. State Parks Preservation. 6. Routes 924 and 257 in Rockingham County 1. The acquisition and development of a state from the Virginia/West Virginia line to park along the Shenandoah River in Region 6 is Other Recreational Areas Harrisonburg. needed. A consultant's study conducted in 1986 7. Routes 211,675, 678, and 55 in Shenandoah, identified 6 sites in Page, Warren, and Clarke 3. Lands surrounding Lake Moomaw in Bath Warren, and Page Counties from New Market to Counties suitable for the development of a state and Alleghany Counties offer additional oppor- Strasburg. park. Such a park could provide a wide variety of tunities for water based and water enhanced water oriented and water enhanced facilities in a recreation. The U.S. Forest Service operates the 8. Routes 618 and 687 in Bath County between mountain setting within 50 miles of the Northern reservoir and lands around the lake. Because of Route 220 and Warm Springs. Virginia metropolitan area. the instant popularity of the lake, they are begin- 9. Route 629 in Bath County from Douthat 239 State Park to Route 39. A 10. Numerous roads in Clarke County have been recommended for consideration for Virginia Byway designation. 11. Route 501 in Rockbridge County from Glasgow to Buena Vista. 12. Route 60 in Rockbridge County from Buena Vista to the Blue Ridge Parkway. 4 13. Route 220 in Bath and Highland Counties from Monterey to the Bath/Alleghany County line. Tlkv- 14. Route 780 in Rockbridge County from 4 Route 39 to Route 60. 15. Route 56 in Rockbridge County from the Rockbridge/Nelson County line to Vesuvius. 16. Route 42 in Rockingham, Augusta, and Ayl Rockbridge Counties from Route 11 at Mount 17 - Crawford to the intersection with Route 39 in Goshen. 18. Rugged and highly scenic Bullpasture significant caves should be protected. Some of River Gorge in Highland County lies within the these sites contain subterranean crustaceans Natural Areas Highland Wildlife Management Area. Several which have been placed on the federal list of significant caves occur here. Management em- threatened species. The following areas are significant natural phasis should be placed on maintaining the 21. Little Laurel Run in northwest Rock- resources which are already under some level of natural character of this area. ingham County, a Research Natural Area desig- protection and should be considered for inclusion 19. The extensive Butler Cave/Sinking Creek nated in 1936, contains 2,100 acres of National into the State Natural Areas System: Cave System in the Burnsville Cove Karst Area of Forest lands. 17. Scenic and historic Goshen Pass, protected Bath and Highland Counties includes five inte- 22. The area surrounding Laurel Fork in north- as a component of the State Natural Areas grated caves and underground streams. Not only western Highland County is managed as a com- System, should be evaluated for improvements to is this the largest cave in Virginia, but it ranks ponent of the George Washington National trails, picnic grounds, and visitor services, high among the major caverns of the world. Forest. however, additional development should be kept Although a portion of this cave system is cur- to a minimum in order to maintain the natural rently protected by the Butler Cave Conservation 23. The Thunderbird Archaeological Park in integrity of the area. Additional land for this site Society, Inc., additional protection is needed. Warren County, on the banks of the South Fork of could be provided by combining existing hold- 20. The Cave Hill Area in Augusta County the Shenandoah River, has been identified by the ings by the Division of State Parks, the Depart- includes three historically important caves: Lord Fairfax Planning District Commission as a ment of Came and Inland Fisheries, and the Madison's Saltpeter Cave, Grand Cavern, and significant historic and natural area. Department of Transportation. Fountain Cave. These historically and naturally 240 law shale barren plant species. It contains an exten- sivearea of well developed shale barrens. 33. The Massanutten Wetlands in Shenan- _0 doah County contain many small, but very AA unique wetlands with northern plant associa- 4- tions and rare species. 34. The Devirs Backbone, in northwest High- land County, is a remote rugged area within the National Forest. The recent Wilderness Act passed by Congress added over 31,000 acres of wilderness to the George Washington National Forest. Those areas include: 35. The Ramsey's Draft area in Highland County which contains over 6,500 acres. 36. Richhole Wilderness area in Alleghany and Rockbridge Counties (partially in Region 4) contains over 6,400 acres. 37. The Rough Mountain Wilderness in Bath County has q,300 acres. 24. Short Mountain in Shenandoah County is 28. The Maple Flat Sinkhole Ponds of Au- 38. The Saint Mary's Wilderness contains a scenic, well developed shale barren community gusta County have interesting geologic features about 10,000 acres of mountain sides in southern with several rare plant species and a unique producing many natural ponds, each with its Augusta County. dwarf hardwood forest. own unique flora, rare species, and relict plant The Heritage Program under the Department 25. White's Pond in Frederick County contains communities. of Conservation and Recreation continually diverse wetland habitats with rare and local 29. Magnolia Swamp in Augusta County has updates a list of sites needing protection and plants, with several at the limit of their range. The relict wetland flora with many rare and disjunct should be contacted before making land use area also is an important waterfowl congregating plant species. decisions. area. 30. Green Pond in Augusta County displays a 26. Madison Run and Deep Run Ponds in unique mountain bog with unusual plants in an Water and Beach Access Rockingham County are natural ponds with interesting geologic setting near the headwaters many rare plant species and relict flora. of the Saint Mary's River. 39. Additional Public Water Access sites are 27. South River Wet Meadows of Augusta 31. Short Hills area of Rockbridge County is a needed on the James and Maury Rivers in Rock- County contains unique inland wetlands with mountaintop valley with forested wetland and a bridge County, the North Fork of the Shenandoah diverse flora and several rare plant species. It is rare plant species location. also an important staging area for transient River in Shenandoah County, the South Fork of marsh, shore birds, and waterfowl. 32. Shale Slopes near Millboro in Bath County the Shenandoah in Page County, and Cedar was the first location discovered for many rare Creek in Shenandoah or Warren County. 241 40. The possibility of adding beaches and outdoor swimming areas to any publicly owned flat water body should be explored. The US Forest Service should expand beach opportuni- ties at Lake Moomaw. Other State Properties The following state owned properties contain significant undeveloped land which may have potential for recreational use. Each site should be assessed and cooperative use agreements deve- L loped where appropriate. 41. Western State Hospital in Augusta County contains about 200 acres. The site appears to be about 501% developed. 42. Blandy Experimental Farm in Clarke County houses the 150 acre Orland E. White Arboretum, the State Arboretum of Virginia. Plans are being developed for a visitor's center with indoor public meeting facilities, an outdoor amphitheater, picnic facilities, additional gardens, and garden walks, designed for handi- 46. Jackson River in Bath County from Route 52. Cowpasture River in Highland and Bath capped participation. 623 to Lake Moomaw. Counties from Panta to Route 42. 43. McCormick Farm in Rockbridge County 47. Maury River in Rockbridge County from 53. South Fork of the Shenandoah River in contains over 600 acres of open space. The Cyrus the Head of Goshen Pass to Limekiln Bridge. Rockingham, Page, and Warren Counties, from McCormick Museum is operated on the farm. 48. The Calfpasture River in Bath County Port Republic to the end of Route 684 in Page 44. The White Tract owned by Virginia Mil- from Marble Valley to Goshen Pass. County, and from Overall to Front Royal. itary Institute (VMI) in Rockbridge County 54. North Fork of the Shenandoah River in contains over 60 acres of undeveloped land. 49. The James River in Rockbridge County, the Shenandoah and Warren Counties from New entire stream. Market to Riverton. Scenic Rivers 50. The South Fork of the Shenandoah River 55. Laurel Fork in Highland County, the entire in Page County from Goods Mill to Overall. stream. The following rivers or sections of rivers have The following river sections are identified as been evaluated and found worthy of inclusion in being worthy of future evaluation and possible inclusion in the Virginia Scenic Rivers System: Trails t II the Virginia Scenic Rivers System: 45. Back Creek in Bath County from Boiling 51. Cedar Creek in Shenandoah, Frederick and The following trail proposals are suggested as Springs to Lake Moomaw. Warren Counties, the entire stream. components of the State Trails System: 242 56. The Virginia Loop Bicycle nail traverses the Shenandoah Valley from Harpers Ferry to Waynesboro, using existing low volume roads. A The route should be signed and mapped. 57. The Big Blue nail begins in Shenandoah National Park goes west through the Manassas Mountains to the Alleghanies and then north into We .st Virginia and Maryland. The trail has been developed and is managed and maintained by members of the Potomac. Appalachian Trail Club. Mr Hostels The following general areas are suggested as potential hostel locations: 58. Natural Bridge. 59. Waynesboro. .@2 60. Winchester. -15 At Other Property 61. The Old Remount Station near Front Royal contains several thousand acres, is administered by the National Zoo in Washington, DC, and is largely undeveloped. There is an opportunity for local government to explore a use agreement which could secure a parcel for a community Ago- park. The Northern Virginia 4-H Educational Center has been developed on land acquired fro -7- the federal government. Facilities at the center are available for 4-H campers, groups, and local citizens. The center's equestrian facilities have helped to meet the needs of horsemen in the area. The Appalachian Trail passes through the center and trail hikers frequently stop to use the pool, shower, and other facilities. 243 REGION 6 SBENANDOAH VALLEY F ERICK 6" 25 10 56 WINCHES 157, A Lucas Cod "M"Wheati 8 1 ak 723 2)40 51 RREN 33 FRO T RO L 39 51 HENANDOAH 2j, D In 21 39 George Washil t n 22 Natl@onaf Fore t ROCKINLAM kidmors Wild* a 53 Area 4 HARRISONBURG \Ramsey'& Draft Paul W.A.35 S.F. C4 26,, HIGHLAND Lake C13 Igh aild W.M, A.. risiura, , khonandoeh C Re'gmionneayll"Parku orth River W.A. 16 A 5% UNTON 41 59 WAYNESBORO MT AUGUSTA 27 40 'A dols'hen Pass p 9a N.A. St. Mary's W.A. 38 ake oshen oormh 4 44 Douthat SJ). 3,W.M.A .7.- Blue Rou j LENA Ridge LEGEND gh Mountain W.A. 37 EXINGTON I ISTA Parkway POTENTIAL OR take Robert len- aur' Chassis Trail EXISTING PROPOSED Park EA @CCKBRIDGEJ 11 12 M 0 E20 PASK OR RECREATION AR , GOOrge, Washington E2* 910 FOREST 31 58 National Forest a A IS A WILDLIFE MGT. AREA 0 * E) 0 U 0 NATURAL AREA * 'lit-Conlin - 49 14b x=1 PUBLIC FISHING LAKE alk. Route James River - PUBLIC BOAT LANDING Face Wilderness J6ft*r#*n N.F. 0 HISTORIC AREA 01V OV SCENIC HWY., BYWAY, PKWY. SCENIC RIVER TRAIL HOSTELS BEACH KEY NUMBERS REFER TO TEXT INCLUDES WILDERNESS AREA REGION 6 TABLE33 Projected 1990 Population: 373972 1990 2000 2010 PCNT. TOTAL TOTAL PRIVATE ACTIVITY PART. DEMAND SUPPLY SUPPLY NEED DEMAND FNEED DEMAND NEED UNIT CAMPING 24.27 7054 7078 5948 +24 7999 .21 9001 1923 SITES FISHING 23.82 7096 8840 966 +1744 7568 +1272 8072 +768 ACRES CANOEING, ETC. 8.45 148 641 8 +493 179 +462 218 +423 STREAM MILES SAILING 1.67 1475 396 4 1079 2544 2148 3745 3349 ACRES POWER BOATING 12.80 -4923 396 4 4527 5261 4865 5606 5210 ACRES WATER SKIING 5.94 1703 396 4 1307 2114 1718 2569 2173 ACRES POOL SWIMMING 48.40 141 63 44 78 151 88 16l 98 POOLS SWIMMING O@FTDOORS 34.07 94 42 28 52 105 63 115 73 BEACH ACRES BEACH USE, SUNNING 30.54 92 42 28 50 97 55 105 63 ACRES HIKING, BACKPACKING 25.56 824 896 308 +72 927 31 '1037 141 MILES JOGGING 26.38 854 9 '1 845 925 916 994 985 MILES BICYCLING/WORK, SCH 9.38 60 0 60 70 70 84 -84 MILES BICYCLING PLEASURE 24.73 266 203 75 63 293 90 326 123 MILES HORSEBACK RIDING 8.38 284 173 115 ill 305 132 324 151 MILES FOUR WHEEL O.R.V. 12.64 212 10 0 202 222 212 232 222 MILES MOTORCYCLE OFF ROAD 11.51 124 10 0 114 130 120 138 128 MILES HUNTING 16.90 457816 584971 32285 +127155 487712 +97259 518451 +66520 ACRES PICNICKING 45.79 4268 -4667 1322 - +399 4594 +73 4923 256 TABLES GOLF 5.57 30 22 21 8 32 10 35 13 COI IRSES TENNIS 13.62 221 204 72 17 253 49 286 82 COURTS SOFTBALL, BASEBALL 2 1.68 271 _187 28 84 291 104 309 122 FIELDS BASKETBALL 25.29 549 97 20 452 608 511 66q 572 COI JRTS SOCCER 13.73 80 65 5 15 93 28 108 43 FIELDS FOOTBALL 11.55 120 65 5 55 127 62 135 70 FIELDS ICE SKATING 8.88 9 0 0 9 12 12 14 14 RINKS SKIING 12.88 85 1 18 1 18 1 67 104 1 86 121 103 1 LIFTS t AND 900 1 872 0 2,18 +means a surplus. TOTAL SUPPLY INCLUDES PRIVATE SUPPLY. 245 + CP > r- 2 n n = >W 2 n -= U7-) > r -< @,j P@ z n -1@ et 0 E 0 cr F-I@p @c p p t@l 90 03 cl@ X, w 41 N -P, 1-1 cil cc ul w @7) !@, bo @z = Z CD .91 cc m -P, W4 Cc': LC w CD C@ c w .1@, 0 0 w c;l w cz w co cc CD cl, 41 + ul cc C@ r@ 4, w w w w w w @;lm 0@ cz C.Z z ol 'p, CD> cc :;I t co C:) 14 03 cc "' 41 (.0 LIZ w C., 13 00 --A = IlzZ + + + N: "I y, -3 N ul m 0 z ND tQ 0 w C', w tl@ Ul ul w t@ > co CD ul c m + + (7) cc Cil cc OD ul 0 cc co 10 C) m C) W @.n CO W 4@- Cl W 0 M 0 Z., L, w 0@ 7@ 7i > K K K K K K K > 0 rr n p P P F P F cn w w m @n w m UO cr cn @n m cn cv, > cr PLANNING DISTRICT 7 -TABLE35 Projected 1990 Population: 150386 1990 2000 2010 PCNT. TOTAL TOTAL PRIVATE NEED NEED NEED ACTIVITY PART. NEED SUPPLY SUPPLY GAP NEED GAP NEED GAP UNIT CAMPING 24.27 3418 4073 3675 +655 3947 +126 4508 435 SITES FISHING 23.82 2848 3430 375 +582 3080 +350 3320 +110 ACRES CANOEING, ETC. 8.45 74 303 2 +229 92 +211 ill +192 STREAM MILES SAILING 1.62 592 263 4 329 1038 775 1543 1280 ACRES POWER BOATING 12.80 1960 263 4 1697 2121 1858 2285 2022 ACRES WATER SKIING 5.94 634 263 4 371 795 532 974 711 ACRES POOL SWIMMING 48.50 48 28 24 20 53 25 57 29 POOLS SWIMMING OUTDOORS 34.07 40 21 18 19 -44 23 49 28 BEACH ACRES BEACf I USE, SUNNING 30.54 37 21 18 16 40 19 44 23 ACRES HIKING, BACKPACKING 25.56 351 423 178 +72 402 +21 458 35- MILES JOGGING 26.38 317 - 6 1 311 3 @5O 344 383 377 MILES BICYCLING/WORK, SCH 9.38 24 0 0 24 29 1 29 35 35 MILES BICYCLING PLEASURE 24.73 82 52 52 30 92 40 105 53 MILES HORSEBACK RIDING 8.38 106 64 36 42 117 53 125 61 MILES FOUR WHEEL O.R.V. 12.64 33 0 0 33 36 36- 38 38 MILES MOTORCYCLE OFF ROAD 11.51 19 0 0 19 20 20 23 23 MILES HUNTING 16.90 141287 113577 14922 27710 154052 40475 166852 53275 ACRES PICNICKING 45.79 1509 2243 671 +734 1654 +589 1799 +444 TABLES GOLF 5.57 13 9 9 4 14 5 16 7 COURSES TENNIS 13.73 81 85 36 +4 94 9 108 23 COURTS SOFTBALL, BASEBALL 21.98 90 67 14 23 99 32 106 39 FIELDS BASKETBALL 25.29 173 41 12 132 195 154 218 177 COURTS SOCCER 14.10 26 18 4 8 32-- 14 37 19 FIELDS FOOTBALL 11.67 30 18 4 12 33 15 35 17 FIELDS ICE SKATING 8.88 5 0 0 5 5 5 6 6 RINKS SKIING 12.88 30 5 5 25 36 31 43 38 LIFTS +means a surplus. TOTAL SUPPLY INCLUDES PRIVATE SUPPLY. 247 h IN '4 Wu r,,@GION 7 W Northem Piedmont Recreation Region 7 is the largest in the state, of the three planning districts is more than 50% and includes three planning districts. Geographi- deficient in facilities for jogging, outdoor swim- cally, the region stretches from Fauquier County ming, basketball, and football/soccer, as indi- in the north to Charlotte County in the south, and cated in the accompanying table. the coastal plain in the east to the eastern slope of Planning District 9 is 8o% deficient in the the Blue Ridge in the west, taking in a majority of amount of local park and open space land avail- Virginia's Piedmont physiographic province. The able to its residents. The acquisition and develop- region contains large acreage of both federal and nt of several county parks over the next five state owned recreation land which satisfies me resident demands for hunting, fishing, and hik- years should be a priority for area localities. ing/backpacking. The regional area and facility The largest single area/facility deficiency in surpluses which exist for these activities also Planning District 9 is for public swimming help to satisfy needs in adjacent regions. Addi- beaches. However, this deficiency is due to a lack tional developments at existing state and/or of water resources suitable for the development federal areas could help satisfy some local shor- of large swimming areas. Consequently, the tages of outdoor swimming areas, picnic sites resident population will have to continue satisfy- and hunting areas. However, the greatest needs ing their demand for outdoor swimming outside which exist in Region 7 are for the types of areas the region. Overall, the most pressing local needs and facilities that are traditionally provided by are for basketball courts, football/soccer fields, local units of government. For the most part, each picnic sites and swimming pools. 248 Planning District 10 has an adequate supply of local park land and is less deficient in the supply of facilities than are the other two planning districts in the region. Still, significant deficien- -to football/soccer fields, basketball courts, and cies exist in the supply of swimming beaches, swimming pools. In general, local priorities over the next five years should be aimed primarily at Igg satisfying the demand for these activities by increasing facility development at existing parks rather than acquiring additional park sites. I R 11 1 '4 all I OX fill ,11. The largest and least populous of the planning districts in Region 7, is Planning District -14. With 111111111pill less than 30% of the recommended amount of local and regional park land, the localities in this district, like those in Planning District 9, should place their emphasis on the acquisition and development of county parks. Current demand figures indicate that the greatest needs in the area are for basketball courts, football/soccer fields, bicycle trails, and swimming beaches. Oil @'V The following recommendations involve sig- W nificant resources which contribute, or have the potential to contribute, to regional recreation and/ or open space opportunities and, therefore, merit 4" are special attention. These resources identified by system with recommendations, where appro- priate, as to how they can best satisfy current and 4A@ projected needs. @4 State Parks Rapidan Wildlife Management Area in Madison 3. Byrd Creek Hemlock Bluffs in Fluvanna County. County are a very diverse, relict, montane plant 1. Appropriate outdoor recreation facilities and community. opportunities should be developed at Sky Mea- Natural Areas 4. The Ivy Creek Headwaters in Albemarle dows State Park in Fauquier County. County support a montane hemlock forest which The following site is identified as worthy of The following is a current listing (as of 1989] of contains rare plants. consideration as a state park: significant natural resources and should be 5. Spy Rock in Nelson County is an exposed 2. Potential exists for the acquisition and considered for inclusion in the State Natural rock bald with an associated plant community development of a state park in the vicinity of the Areas System: which contains several rare species. 249 6. The James River Arbor/Vitae Bluff in Buckingham County is an unusual geologic feature that supports a disjunct montane plant community. 7. The rich hardwood slopes of the Bent Creek Ravines in Buckingham County support several rare plant species. 8. Willis Mountain in Buckingham County is a very scenic and unique geologic feature, a mountain monadnock, which supports several unusual plants. The Heritage Program under the Department ',A@ @,:@ of Conservation and Recreation continually updates a list of sites needing protection and should be contacted before making land use decisions. t9 Scenics Highways, Byways, and Parkways The following roads or sections of roads have Prince Edward, Nottoway, and Amelia Counties, 19. Route 810 in Albemarle and Greene potential for consideration and possible designa- from the Appomattox/Buckingham County line Counties. tion as components of the Virginia Byways to the Amelia/Chesterfield County line. 20. Route 626 in Albemarle County. System: 14. Route 604 in Amelia County from Chula to 21. Route 522 in Culpeper and Rappahannock 9. Route 53 in Albemarle and Fluvanna Coun- the Amelia/Powhatan County line. Counties from Chester Cap to Washington. ties from Route 20 in Albemarle County to Route 15. Route 622 in Cumberland County from the 22. Route 688 in Fauquier County from Route 15 in Fluvanna County. Buckingham/Cumberland County line through 211 to Route 17. 10. Routes 712 and 692 in Albemarle County Cumberland State Forest to the intersection of from Scottsville to Route 29. Route 60. 23. Route 647 in Rappahannock and Fauquier 11. Routes 229 in Culpepper County from 16. Route 696 in Prince Edward County from Counties from Flint Hill to 1-66. Route 802 to Culpepper. Route 460 to Route 360. 24. Route 709 in Fauquier County from Route 1 17. Route 729 in Rappahannock County from 50 to Route 17. 12. Route 522 in Orange and Culpeper Coun- Route 211 to Route 522. 25. Route 712 in Fauquier County from Route ties from the Orange/ Spotsylvania County line to 17 to Route 50. the Town of Culpeper. 18. Route 15 in Fluvanna County from the 13. Routes 636, 642, 656, 45, 460, 600, 617, and Louisa County line to Bremo Bluff; and in Cul- 26. Numerous additional road segments in 307, Lee's Retreat Route through Buckingham, peper, Madison, and Orange Counties from Rappahannock and Fauquier Counties include all Culpeper to Route 20. 250 >@ - - -@ a r- Z a) x X z co -C cz CL) OJO C" -Z N E CL V -Z3 -.C@ CL; -C E C, LD Cn Cc) u -0 CO c 7s C4 1 u aj E _r C) E 10 L) r- Cl) C) > E L) -S cc a) cq CU cc in. co > a W C; CC cc cc w OJD c- 7@ -2 cc 0 'j-, W, x OIL- lw a) u _r_ cz C) L6 cd C@ u C) m C L) cc a ao C cc CL m m A2 Zn L; L) C: ac cc a; cc x aj 0 -Z: to cc C:) L; cc w cl. -'4 r- u -0 t:,c V) M L) Ej 7@ cc w a, (L) C@ .- 0 W cc > w W cn cc a; 0 CC 7- CD cz r- Q) :10 z cc t C; C) -Z > ob -a U C: r- oe C: E-- cz -a C) M" z1R. cc 11 Z u Do t-: cn w C6 CL C'i cz C, d :2 -Cd CL > U E m c @c mu cc Cc @4' -A 1r iL LO t%v Al 10 le NI 77: 7" -Ml *@A'*"- hannock, Rivanna, James, and Slate Rivers and on Lake Anna. 32. The Chester Phelps, Hardware River, James River, and Amelia Wildlife Management Areas, as well as other large tracts of publicly and privately owned lands on major rivers in Region 7 have the potential of accommodating primitive canoe-in only camping and picnicking _771111 opportunities. The feasibility of providing such opportunities should be investigated. Scenic Rivers The following rivers or sections of rivers have been evaluated and found to qualify for inclusion in the Virginia Scenic Rivers System: 33. The Robinson River from headwaters to its junction with the Rapidan River. 34. The Thornton River in Rappahannock and Culpeper Counties from Sperryville to the Hazel River. 35. The Upper Appomattox River in Buck- ingham and Prince Edward Counties from Route IA 612 to Route 603. 36. The James River in Nelson, Buckingham, @69 Albemarle, Fluvanna, and Cumberland Counties from Wingina to Columbia. 37. The Slate River in Buckingham County from Route 20 to the Jarnes River. 38. The Rapidan River in Green, Madison, Orange, Culpeper, and Spotsylvania Counties from its headwaters to the Town of Rapidan and The following rivers or section of rivers should Loudoun County line. from Germanna Ford to its confluence with the be evaluated for inclusion in the Scenic Rivers 42. Hughes River in Rappahannock and Cul- Rappahannock. System: peper Counties. 39. The Staunton River in Charlotte and 40. Rockfish River from Schuyler to the junc- 43. Hazel River starting in Rappahannock Halifax Counties from the Campbell County line tion with the James River. County to the confluence with the Rappahan- to Kerr Reservoir. 41. Goose Creek from its headwaters to the nock River in Culpeper County. 252 Other State Properties Trails The following state owned properties contain The following trail proposals are suggested as significant acreage of undeveloped land which components of the State Trails System: may have potential for recreational use. Each site 52. Appalachian National Scenic Trail is in should he assessed and cooperative use. agree- need of additional protection. ments should be developed where appropriate. 53. Rivanna River Trail in Fluvanna and A]- 44. The Virginia Outdoors Foundation owns three tracts of forested land in Fauquier County, beinarle Counties would connect the Point of totaling approximately 400 acres, which may Fork area and the Trans-Virginia Trail with the have potential for recreational use. Appalachian Trail. 54. A James River Trail from the City of Rich- 45. Germanna Community College in Orange mond to Iron Gate in Alleghany County should County has approximately 60 acres of undeve- lopedland. h.e considered. This trail would be on existing rights-of-way, using public and private lands and 46. The Birdwood Property in Albemarle waters. County is a 148-arre tract of undeveloped land, 55. Cumberland-Appomattox Trail in Cuill- owned by the University of Virginia. 2'@ M berland and Buckingham Counties would cross 47. Undeveloped portions of the Piedmont this region south of the James River. Community College Campus in Albemarle ;z@ County may have recre 56. Rappahannock River Trail through Fauq- III ,ation potential. uier County would connect the rapidly urbaniz- 48. Approximately 97 acres of the Blue Ridge ing Fredericksburg area with the Appalachian Hospital property in Albemarle County is uri- Trail. developed and may have recreation potential. 57. Bull Run Mountain Trail, Fauquier County. 49. The Department of Corrections owns a 58. Virginia Southside Trail would traverse 194-acre undeveloped tract in Louisa County. Lunenburg and Charlotte Counties and stretch 50, There is a 90-acre tract of undeveloped across Southside Virginia from the Atlantic to NJ timberland at the Piedmont Geriatric Hospital in Mount Rogers in Southwest Virginia. Nottoway County. Hostels Historic Preserves The following general areas are suggested as 51. Point of Fork in Fluvanna County is the site hostel locations: of a significant Revolutionary War Arsenal. 59. Thoroughfare Gap. Located near the confluence of the Rivanna Scenic Fiver and the James River, the site has 60. Charlottesville Area. considerable potential for acquisition and devel- opment as a park site. 253 Sky Meadows S.P. K @@' &a Crook . @; 2>5 Goo REGION 7 hom 41 W.M. NORTME6N PIEDMONT- 52 22 2RT 245 44 62 26 FAUQUIER 57 59 Wildcat ntaln 17 262 26 L k 6 ltfl KD r 0 I a T' 114 JWARREN N AP ANNOCK ELL 802 Weston Refuge 34 brhitney S.F. 49 0?0 56 Virginia Loop UUL EVEH 29 0 S... \CULPEPER Chostor"F. Phelps W.M.A. an r. 32 0 812 2 38 Acp 38 MADIS N 45 deflcksburg & GREEI- S otaylvanis N 11onal Military Park 4 19 4@> 674 RT 2 601 RANGE Ofa"5y County Lake W im S I Uhft Green 0 Co. Par <@@Rocreall& Aral? Albomarig, T> 11-v' Lake Anne 11@ j- 1r..1 wear cr. F.1 Ash Fornbroo E =60mo 0110amERISM Pon 'P rK 49 RT.250 6 31 CHARLOTTESVILLE 47 x LOUISA ALBEMARLE 48 4 10 RT 20 53 3 18 5 luvanna Rur -TrI R1 6 Eft on .1 LUVANNA IvatR. 1. George Waqbln NELSON Rockl1oh "no 40. 40. National forest R 40. 6 r war Jamoo River 1RT 6 W.M.A ,Moo 54 K:> 25 36 37 54 31 Hall C. PFL 27 36 C:3 C= 1,land 31 C) 7 BI I KtNGHAM HoIroopon Cumb land S.F. W.M.A. A55 C:) Boar rook Lake S.P. log N. Amelia W.M.A. 30 suck i \F# 8 0 32 App.= 3 John B. Tabb 9East Coast Holiday Lake S.P. -41P Monument 14 Bike Trail 35 aylar's @reek FARIVVILLE attle or 13 13 AMELIA CE EDWARD 32 PR'N 16 -_.!,!Us Cheadon C so r I, Ury .1 Twin Lak S.P. W.M.Z3"?` xz> . . .5 nee Edwar NOTTOWAY %. VSa affion 0 LEGEND 4f CHARL OTTE Nottoway Co. P.F.L. :3 ------I POTENT AL 58 For kett PR OR IQl to I EXISTING OPOSED C:m 00 (30 PARK OR RECREATION AREA 91 1@ FOREST staun or Ell M 6 WILDLIFE MGT. AREA LUNENBURG 58 010 nO NATURAL AREA - K:::, PUBLIC FISHING LAKE 39 - PUBLIC BOAT LANDING L7 0 0 HISTORIC AREA .0@ 0V SCENIC HWY., BYWAY, PKWY. ii@@ SCENIC RIVER TRAIL HOSTELS BEACH KEY NJUMEAS RUER TO TEXT REGION 7 TABLE36 Projected 1990 Population: 362212 1990 2000 2010 PCNT. TOTAL TOTAL PRIVATE ACTIVITY PART. DEMAND SUPPLY SUPPLY NEED DEMAND NEED DEMAND NEED UNIT CAMPING 21.96 4983 2747 1807 2236 5724 2977 6515 3768 SITES FISHING 33.98 10856 23341 14327 +12485 11888 +11453 12952 +10389 ACRES CANOEING, ETC. 6.23 246 1257 8 +1011 303 +954 368 +889 STREAM MILES SAILING 2.44 2174 16367 13829 +14193 3078 +13289 4112 +12255 ACRES POWER BOATING 8.42 4641 16367 13829 +11726 5107 +11260 5577 +10790 ACRES WATER SKIING 5.25 9134 16367 13829 +7233 11715 +4652 14611 +1756 ACRES POOL SWIMMING 47.51 92 37 27 55 101 64 110 73 POOLS SWIMMING OUTDOORS 46.88 144 20 11 124 161 141 179 159 BEACH ACRES BEACH USE, SUNNING 29.82 76 20 11 56 83 63 94 74 ACRES HIKING, BACKPACKING 26.27 620 453 71 167 712 259 807 354 MILES JOGGING 31.89 1149 27 17 1122 1245 1218 1341 1314 MILES BICYCLING/WORK, SCH 9.39 31 0 0 31 35 35 40 40 MILES BICYCLING PLEASURE 31.40 482 174 32 308 537 363 595 421 MILES HORSEBACK RIDING 9.65 274 225 37 49 300 75 323 98 MILES FOUR WHEEL O.R.V. 13.32 173 1 0 172 189 188 207 206 MILES MOTORCYCLE OFF ROAD 3.89 19 1 0 18 21 20 23 22 MILES HUNTING 15.01 252631 122810 31838 129821 274884 152074 297360 174550 ACRES PICNICKING 47.45 2549 1593 6-23 956 2792 1199 3038 1445 TABLES GOLF 16.64 35 1 13 12 22 38 25 41 28 COURSES TENNIS 10.86 3892 202 88 3690 469 267 551 349 COURTS SOFTBALL, BASEBALL 32.22 215 165 34 50 236 71 256 91 FIELDS BASKETBALL 29.06 624 150 19 474 701 551 780 630 COURTS SOCCER 7.23 107 82 14 25 134 52 159 77 FIELDS FOOTBALL 18.48 216 82 14 134 237 155 255 173 FIELDS ICE SKATING 8.13 5 0 0 5 8 8 10 10 RINKS SKIING 13.02 47 0 47 56 56 65 65 LIFTS +means a surplus. TOTAL SUPPLY INCLUDES PRIVATE SUPPLY. 255 PLANNING DISTRICT 9 TABLE37 Projected 1990 Population: 109097 1990 2000 2010 PCNT. TOTAL PRIVATE ACTIVITY PART. SUPPLY SUPPLY NEED DEMAND NEED DEMAND NEED UNIT CAMPING 21.96 1484 648 389 836 1738 1090 2009 1361 SITES FISHING 33.98 3128 3466 41 +338 3464 +2 3800 334 ACRES CANOEING, ETC. 6.23 64 188 +124 80 +108 99 +89 STREAM MILES SAILING 2.44 408 5097 20 +4689 616 +4481 855 +4242 ACRES POWER BOATING 8.41 731 507 20 224 818 311 906 399 ACRES WATER SKIING 5.25 1852 507 20 1345 2446 1939 3115 2608 ACRES POOL SWIMMING 47.67 24 13 10 11 28 15 31 18 POOLS SWIMMING OUTDOORS 46.B8 41 0 0 41 47 47 53 53 BEACH ACRES BEACH USE, SUNNING 29.82 21 0 0 21 22 22 26 26 ACRES HIKING, BACKPACKING 26.27 195 136 40 59 227 91 261 125 MILES JOGGING 31.89 215 1 @14 239 238 264 263 MILES BICYCLING/WORK, SCH 9.39 10 0 0 10 11 11 13 13 MILES BICYCLING PLEASURE 31.40 90 25 25 65 103 78 115 90 MILES HORSEBACK RIDING 9.65 89 69 16 20 99 30 107 38 MILES FOUR WHEEL O.R.V. 13.32 52 1 0 51 58 57 63 62 MILES MOTORCYCLE OFF ROAD 3.89 13 1 0 12 14 13 15 14 MILES HUNTING 15.01 62636 26409 10725 36227 69334 42925 76054 49645 ACRES PICNICKING 47.45 697 275 102 422 777 502 857 582 TABLES GOLF 16.63 10 3 3 7 12 9 12 9 COURSES TENNIS 10.91 106 37 7 69 128 9-1 153 116 COURTS SOFTBALL, BASEBALL 32.71 57 44 3 13 63 19 69 25 FIELDS BASKETBALL 29.06 137 21 1 116 159 138 180 159 COURTS SOCCER 7.36 29 27 2 2 36 9 43 16 FIELDS FOOTBALL 18.57 48 27 2 21 53 26 59 32 FIELDS ICE SKATING 8.13 2 0 0 2 3 3 4 4 RINKS SKIING 13.02 14 0 0 14 17 17 20 20 LIFTS +means a surplus. TOTAL SUPPLY INCLUDES PRIVATE SUPPLY. 256 PLANNING DISTRICT 10 TABLE38 Projected 1990 Population: 165502 1990 2000 2010 PCNT. TOTAL TOTAL PRIVATE ACTIVITY PART. DEMAND SUPPLY SUPPLY NEED DEMAND NEED DEMAND NEED UNIT CAMPING 21.96 2451 1806 1248 645 2801 1 995 3174 1368 SITES FISHING 33.98 5216 17138 14032 +11922 5800 +11338 6392 +10746 ACRES CANOEING, ETC. 6.23 153 1008 8 +855 189 +819 227 +781 STREAM MILES SAILING 2.44 1309 14614 13809 +13305 1843 +12771 2460 +12154 ACRES POWER BOATING 8.42 2930 14614 13809 +11684 3236 +11378 3545 +11069 ACRES WATER SKIING 5.25 5432 14614 13809 +9182 7009 +7605 8788 +5826 ACRES POOL SWIMMING 47.34 47 15 10 32 52 37 57 42 Pool Is SWIMMING OUTDOORS 46.88 65 13 9 52 74 6-1 83 70 BEACH ACRES BEACH USE, SUNNING 29.82 33 13 9 20 38 25 43 30 ACRES HIKING, BACKPACKING 26.27 244 152 30 92 281 129 317 165 MILES JOGGING 31.89 809 26 17 783 874 848 939 913 MILES BICYCLING/WORK, SCH 9.39 14 0 14 16 16 18 18 MILES BICYCLING PLEASURE 31.40 327 135 7 .192 363 228 402 267 MILES HORSEBACK RIDING 9.65 1 78 16 6 62 86 70 94 78 MILES FOUR WHEEL O.R.V. 13.32 80 0 1) 80 88 88 98 98 MILES MOTORCYCLE OFF ROAD 3.89 4 0 4 5 5 6 6 MILES HUNTING 15.01 88280 27503 12113 60777 96937 69434 105649 78146 ACRES PICNICKING 47.45 1273 811 470 462 1403 592 1535 724 TABLES GOLF 16.64 17 6 5 11 18 12 20 14 COURSES TENNIS 10.80 201 132 64 69 244 112 287 155 COURTS SOFTBALL, BASEBALL 31.69 108 78 9 30 121 43 132 54 FIELDS BASKETBALL 29.06 376 -120 --- 16- 256 422 302 469 349 COURTS SOCCER 7.09 56 48 10 -8 71 23 85 37 FIELDS FOOTBALL 18.38 131 48 10 83 144 96 153 105 FIELDS ICE SKATING 8.13 3 0 3 4 4 5 5 RINKS SKIING 13-02 22 0 0 22 26 26 31 31 LIFTS +means a surplus. TOTAL SUPPLY INCLUDES PRIVATE SUPPLY. 257 PLANNING DISTRICT 14 TABLE39 Projected 1990 Population: 87613 1990 2000 2010 PCNT. TOTAL TOTAL PRIVATE ACTIVITY PART. DEMAND SUPPLY SUPPLY NEED DEMAND NEED DEMAND NEED UNIT CAMPING 21.96 1048 293 170 755 1185 892 1332 1039 SITES FISHING 33.98 2512 2737 254 +225 2624 +113 2760 23 ACRES CANOEING, ETC. 6.23 29 61 0 +32 34 +27 42 +19 STREAM MILES SAILING 2.44 457 1246 0 +789 619 +627 797 +449 ACRES POWER BOATING 8.42 980 1246 0 +266 1053 +193 1126 +120 ACRES WATER SKIING 5.25 1850 1246 0 604 2260 1014 2708 1462 ACRES POOL SWIMMING 47.63 21 9 7 12 21 12 22 13 POOLS SWIMMING OUTDOORS 46.88 38 7 2 31 40 33 43 36 BEACH ACRES BEACH USE, SUNNING 29.82 22 7 2 15 23 16 25 18 ACRES HIKING, BACKPACKING 26.27 181 165 1 16 204 39 229 64 MILES JOGGING 31.89 125 0 0 125 132 132 138 138 MILES BICYCLING/WORK, SCH 9.39 7 0 0 7 8 8 9 9 MILES BICYCLING PLEASURE 31.40 65 14 0 51 71 57 78 64 MILES HORSEBACK RIDING 9.65 107 140 15 +33 115 +25 122 +18 MILES FOUR WHEFL O.R.V. 13.32 41 0 0 41 43 43 46 46 MILES MOTORCYCLE OFF ROAD 3.89 2 0 0 2 2 2 2 2 MILES HUNTING 15.01 101715 68898 9000 32817 108613 39715 115657 46759 ACRES PICNICKING 47.45 579 507 51 72 612 105 646 139 TABLES GOLF 16.63 8 5 4 3 8 3 9 4 COURSES TENNIS 10.90 85 33 17 52 97 64 ill 78 COURTS SOFTBALL, BASEBALL 32.59 50 43 22 7 52 9 55 12 FIELDS BASKETBALL 29.07 ill 9 2 102 120 ill- 131 122 COURTS SOCCER 7.33 22 7 2 15 27 20 31 24 FIELDS FOOTBALL 18.55 37 7 2 30 40 33 43 36 FIELDS ICE SKATING 8.13 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 RINKS SKIING 13.02 11 0 0 11 13 13 14 14 LIFTS +means a surplus. TOTAL SUPPLY INCLUDES PRIVATE SUPPLY. 258 2v, REGION 8 Tidewater The Tidewater section of Virginia, lying be- Recognizing access limitations as a major tween the York, Pamunkey, and the Potomac obstacle to public recreational use of the Chesa Rivers, east of the Richmond-Washington corri- peake Bay, the governors of Maryland, Pennsyl- ay to the vania, and Virginia included improvement of dor and fronting on the Chesapeake B, east, is entirely rural in the sense that it has no public access as a major component of the Chesa- incorporated cities. Its population of 101,000 in peake Bay Agreement. Funds were appropriated 1980 amounted to less than 20% of the state's by the General Assembly in the 1988 session to population. The rural nature of this region and its identify and acquire public access sites. A joint close association with the many acres of tidal project of the Chesapeake Bay Foundation and waters ]ends itself to dispersed recreation. Con- the Bay states produced a map of the Bay area sequently, few public recreational facilities have depicting access points and public use areas. been developed in the region. Region 8 should experience significant increases in visitation to water access areas as the supply However, with its plentiful water resources, of areas is increased and information on the the region has great recreational potential. In- location of these areas is disseminated. cluded among the regiorfs water assets are the tidal estuaries of such rivers as the Rappahan- Since the publication of The 1984 Virginia nock, Potomac, Piankatank, and York, along with Outdoors Plan, some towns and counties in a large section of the Chesapeake Bay. Although Region 8 have increased the number of facilities there is an abundance of water resources, the lack available to the public. Mathews County recently of public access creates major problems. Nearly completed two Land and Water Conservation all of the beach area and the lands adjacent to the Fund (I.WCF) assisted projects which signifi- rivers and the Bay are privately owned, thus cantly improved public access to the Chesapeake limiting public access. Bay at one site, while outdoor game fields and 259 picnic facilities were provided in the other new park. Gloucester County is planning the develop- ment of a new park in conjunction with its new water reservoir on Beaver Swamp. There is still a strong demand for swimming pools in Planning District 17, and for softball/ baseball fields, basketball courts, tennis courts, and football fields throughout the entire region. The region is also short on local and regional park land. Based on a standard of 10 acres of land per thousand of population, Region 8 currently has only 628 acres of a recommended 1,008 acres. The following significant resources contribute, or have the potential to contribute, to regional open space and/or recreational opportunities and, therefore, merit special attention. These resources are listed by recreation system with recommendations as to how they can best meet gil@:@', I existing and future demand. V'A age nag L11 -A State Parks -[fJJJJV The following sites are identified as worthy of consideration for development as state parks: 1. An area near the mouth of the Potomac River in Northumberland County should be considered for development as a state park The ovum Ila Boas on Coan River, Hull Neck, and Mob Neck possess considerable potential. areas tiff 2. A park near the mouth of the Rappahan- nock River in Lancaster County or Middlesex County would be most desirable. This is one of the region's most popular boating and fishing areas. 3. In Mathews County, on the Chesapeake Bay above New Point Comfort, is another good loca- ty tion for a water oriented state park. A facili 4. located in this area would help meet the needs of the Richmond and Norfolk metropolitan areas, 260 -Apr, King and Queen Counties contains some of the finest freshwater tidal marshes found inTiclewa- 77A ter Virginia. These marsh areas should he pre- 14 served in the Natural Areas System or as part of _1Rf @*4975__ - the proposed Mattaponi State Scenic River. . .. .. . ... ..... '10. Garnett's Marsh in King and Queen County is an outstanding fresh water marsh area which should he preserved. 11. Dragon Run in Middlesex, King and Queen, and Gloucester Counties, is a prime example of old growth bottomland, hardwood swamp forest and is a prime candidate for inclu- sion in the State Scenic Rivers System. 12. The Poropotank Area in Gloucester and Kin- and Queen Counties has significant marsh- land and should be protected as a State Natural Area or Wildlife Management Area. The Herita-e Pro-ram under the Department of Conservation and Recreation continually updates a list of' sites needing protection and Scenic HiLghways, Byways, and 5. Hollis Marsh in Westmoreland County is should be contacted before making land use Parkways noted as a breeding area for the clapper rail. The decisions. secluded nature of the marsh also makes ideal The following roads or sections of roads have habitat for osprey and there are some 20 active Public Water and Beach Access potential for consideration and possible clesigna- nests. Herons and egrets also are known to [ion as components of the Virginia 13' way frequent the area. Although Region 8 is rich in water resources, y 0 System: public access to them is inadequate and needs to 6. Curriornan Bay in Westmoreland County is 4. Route 3 in Westmoreland, Richmond, Lan- another prime high tidal marsh area. It provides be substantially increased. In all instances where sionificant wildlife habitat and contains an eaole public highway crossings are scheduled for caster, Middlesex, and Gloucester Counties, from 11 0 the Westmoreland/King George County line to nest. renovation or relocation, the potential for provid- Route 17 in Gloucester County. 7. Broad Creek Marsh, located in Richmond ing parking areas and boat access facilities County, is another example of prime tidal marsh. should be evaluated. This site contains excellent waterfowl habitat 13. A Public Fishing Lake in Essex County is Natural Areas and one known eagle nest. needed to meet the demand for freshwater fishing 8. The Bluff Point Area in Northumberland in this region. The following is a current listing (as of 1989) of 7 County has potential as a State Forest Natural Additional public water access areas for beach significant natural resources and should be Area with significant wildlife and wetlands. use need to be acquired and developed wherever considered for inclusion into the State Natural possible in the Tidewater Region. Areas System: 9. The Mattaponi River in King William and 261 Scenic Rivers The following rivers or sections of rivers have been evaluated and found to qualify for inclusion in the Virginia Scenic Rivers System: 14. Piankatank River in its entirety. 15. The Mattaponi River in King William and King and Queen Counties from Route 628 to West Point. -16. The Rappahannock River from the West- moreland/King George County line to the Chesa- peake Bay, 17. The Pamunkey River from the King Wil- liam/Caroline County line to the York River. 18. Dragon Run, the entire stream. ffistoric Preserves si 19. The remains of the Rosewell Man ion in Gloucester County merit efforts to preserve this IS historically significant ruin. Trails N-7-V, The following trail proposals are suggested as components of the State Trails Systern: 20. A segment of the Potomac Heritage nail is Other State Properties 23. Rappahannock Community College in proposed to run from Harpers Ferry to Smith Richmond County has '118 acres of land which Point in Northumberland. If completed, it would The following state owned properties contain should be evaluated for its recreational potential. provide a trail of not only state, but also of' significant undeveloped land which may have 24. Rappahannock Community College, national significance. potential for recreational use. Each site should be South Campus in Gloucester County, has 199 assessed and cooperative use agreements deve- acres of land which should be studied for its Hostels loped where appropriate. recreational potential. 22. The Vera Knols nact, administered by the 25. The VPI&SU Forest Management Station 21. The Westmoreland State Park area is Virginia Outdoors Foundation in Northumber- in Richmond County has 55 acres of land which suggested as a hostel location. land County should be maintained as a natural may be suitable for dispersed recreation, such as area. hiking, picnicking, and nature study. 262 20@ REGION 8 George Washl"gitOn's 4 Birthplace National Monument 0 )EWArER Chandlers 2 1 6 Mill Pond WESTMORELAND 7 0 23 RICHMOND ESSEX NORTHUMBERLAN" 4 22 9 LANC ASTER N., KING & QUEEN KING WILLIAM S 0> . . . . . . . . 100. 17 MIDDLE EX LEGEND oat A POTENTIAL ZSt. Forest OF' EXISTING PROPOSED 0: 80 PARK OR RECREATION AREA 24 EM 910 FOREST 14 EIA El A WILDLIFE MGT. AREA at no N 0 NATURAL AREA K::> PUBLIC FISHING LAKE Xing & Queen per Seed Orchard - PUBLIC BOAT LANDING 12 MATHEWS 0 0 HISTORIC AREA GLOUCESTER *'W SCENIC HWY., BYWAY, PKWY. SCENIC RIVER TRAIL 3 HOSTELS 4 FM a BEACH 19 KEY NUNIBERS REFER TO TEXT INCLUDES WILDERNESS AREA Plate 25 263 IDU REGION 8 TABLE40 Projected 1990 Population: 119906 1990 2000 2010 PCNT. TOTAL TOTAL PRIVATE ACTIVITY PART. DEMAND SUPPLY SUPPLY NEED DEMAND NEED DEMAND NEED UNIT CAMPING 21.31 5053 4120 3983 933 5833 1713 6664 2544 SITES FISHING 31.97 17712 460506 790 +442794 19640 +440866 21752 +438754 AC RES CANOEING, ETC. 11.15 77 110 0 +33 97 +13 118 8 STREAM MILES SAILING 7.19 16339 458049 197 +441710 20518 +437531 25144 +432905 ACRES POWER BOANNG 27.08 36541 458049 197 +421508 40272 +417777 44035 +414014 ACRES WATER SKIING 11.38 52584 409 197 52175 64465 64056 77603 77194 ACRES POOL SWIMMING 37.73 34 21 '17 13 36 15 38 17 Pool's SWIMMING OUTDOORS 42.95 96 51 18 45 109 58 120 69 BEACH ACRES BEACH USE, SUNNING 44.04 76 51 18 25 86 35 95 44 ACRES HIKING, BACKPACKING 8.94 94 53 27 41 ill 58 128 75 MILES JOGGING 24.27 50 0 0 50 54 54 61 61 MILES BICYCLING/WORK, SCH- 7.99 3 0 0 3 7 7 9 9 MILES BICYCLING PLEASURE 38.62 89 8 6 81 99 91 113 105 MILES HORSEBACK RIDING 7.67 37 12 12 25 40 28 44 32 MILES FOUR WHEEL O.R.V. 9.77 38 1 1 -37 41 40 44 43 MILES MOTORCYCLE OFFROAD 5.10 13 1 1 12 15 14 16 15 MILES HUNTING 15.12 94918 1200 1200 93718 106037 104837 117238 116038 ACRES PICNICKING 34.60 717 326 72 391 806 480 895 569 TABLES GOLF 13.54 10 4 4 6 12 8 13 9 COURSES TENNIS 12.23 72 35 17 37 88 53 102 67 COURTS SOFTBALL, BASEBALL 27.80 124 19 10 105 138 119 152 133 FIELDS BASKETBALL 21.26 117 9 2 108 137 128 159 150 COURTS SOCCER 19.48 30 13 4 17 35 22 43 30 FIELDS FOOTBALL 18.20 30 13 4 17 33 20 38 25 FIELDS ICE SKATING 10.69 9 0 0 9 9 9 12 12 RINKS SKIING 7.41 3 0 0 3 7 7 9 @ 9 LIFTS +means a surplus. TOTAL SUPPLY INCLUDES PRIVATE SUPPLY. 264 Cl) CL CID U) cQ Q@ :n cn :n cn TJ U@ cn @n U) cn cn cf) cn cn w 0 co M N cc cc cc t, t" V) m N 1-1 cli clj + . . . C-A m N n m N m 0 m = Lr) Lo = - IZ3, n E, Lo cc N n N oc) Ll@ 0 co zc z cq + . . . c', Z T@ cc cla n m co N c O@ 11 L" cc C -zl,N 1, N t, m n N + Ll@ cli cn 11 V) cc X L@ cz m N N I'llN + . . . L"@ clQ > clq u Zoo) Aw co N cc 'A N cq .4 Z cc oD ml-=m=cq-c=c cc)z c) n co I, co 't L@ ro n co Cj cc cz cc) L- m cc) zc @t It t, N L" L" o N c N cn 'm c. z a@ n c@ C; C@ N cc I:r E-1 ccN z, lo ll@ t c -q I, oo C:) t-, V-4 N n n It cq CID UO CD 0 0 0 @11 + 0 C > 0 > > C) -i z_- @- z z z -3 @4 z --j n 7@ m2 C > z n = K Z @c > -j> n nz 71 C) C) >@c Lo 7@ 0-4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "I C4 wr"D 0-4 p @c @c ?I 7@1 LIZ m N t@ cil (:,@ C) @o N; @c ccww X, wl C@ 410 j -A L, L, OD cc Oo LID w LI; a, 0 m a) :4 4@ W 0 -,j L@m r...) C." 41@ cm C) N; "Iz m C) 8) CD C:@ cow w m m w cc L@ co t, 'o `0 CD 0 c-, CD ED C) --j "I CA C) rQ C@ 'n 1@ cm t.)w ll@ 0, N 00 z I" cc co cz :2 C, C.0 rQ ILI "I t" cn rl: > :1: 00 cc --jmwL, W m CA ul C@ coz + + w 4, L, z co + oc "I w w w w 0 C@ wL, "0' ND m:c [email protected] cd, P, C) @c m w 1 Ll w LI, Z@c w w r1l: -P@ 00 'o 'i> Z v 00 0@4 C) w w rl.@ C)0z M C-) CZ CAD ul 0 + -;- co 41 C) .4 lg@ 4@. w jco C-ii w cc Ul cc C)c L@ ul co I'll cc n n > > > n n 0 CDI R '> r7lmn n IT, UO > r AA 'D ic nor r,_@GION 9 Petersburg/Hopewell Recreation Region 9 consists of the Cities of There have been a number of important recrea- Petersburg, Colonial Heights, Emporia, and tional accomplishments in Region 9. Chippokes Hopewell, plus five counties in south central Plantation State Park has been opened to the Virginia. This region's boundaries coincide with public; picnicking facilities, the visitor center, -ire available for use. The Planning District 19. The heavily populated areas and a swimming pool in the north evolved around an industrial, com- park also hosts several regional festivals, and is mercial, and military employment base. Outside home to the Model Farm Foundation, a museum the developed areas surrounding the principal and educational center that demonstrates past cities, the. region consists of sparcely settled and present farming technology, Prince George communities that are almost entirely oriented County and Surry County have developed signif- toward agriculture or timbering and related icanL county park facilities to serve the residential support industries. Emporia is the regional trade populations. Colonial Heights has developed two center for the southern part of Region 9. major waterfront parks, one on the Appomattox Within the region, there are a limited number of River and the other on Swift Creek. Emporia has state and federal recreation resources. The 1987 completed a river front park on the Meherrin Outdoor Recreation Areas and Facilities Inven- River that provides traits and picnicking. In 1988, tory identified about 20,500 acres of state and The Nature Conservancy acquired the Powell Creek Preserve in Prince George County. This federal lands that receive recreation use. Included important 3,400 acre natural area is a major eagle in this total are about 12,300 acres of military roosting and nesting area. lands at Fort Lee and Fort Pickett. While these lands are opened for some public use, they are Region 9, as a whole, provides about 89% of the frequently closed to avoid conflicts with military local and regional park acreage needed to satisfy m .ssions. local demand. Based upon results of the 1987 267 Outdoor Recreation Demand Study, Table 43 on VVII page 273 shows the 26 measured outdoor recrea- I tional activities participated in by the people of the region and converts this demand to facility needs. Although Region 9 has most of the land mass needed to support a balanced recreational delivery system, every locality needs to provide more facilities for its residents. Some extremely popular activities such as bicycling for pleasure and jogging, will not require a major local com- mitment to new facilities since much of the demand may be satisfied by signed shared-lane bike routes and jogging trails on local streets. Priorities should include swimming facilities, picnicking areas, tennis courts, and ball fields. The following significant resources contribute or have potential to contribute, to the regional open space and/or recreational opportunities within Region 9 and therefore, merit special attention. Each resource is identified within a system with recommendations, when appropri- ate, as to how they might meet existing or future recreational demand. State Parks 1. Chippokes Plantation State Park. In the 1 14, next live years, a new Model Farm Educational Center will be constructed near the Visitot Center. Camping and additional day use facilities will also be developed in the park. Regional Parks with the Petersburg waterfront via trails along regional park along the James River in the his- the old canal towpath. toric plantation area to provide both land and 2. The Appomattox River Park below Lake 3. Thefti-Cities Park in the Petersburg/Hope- water based recreational facilities. Chesdin in Dinwiddie County has been deve- well/Fort Lee area is proposed and will have 5. Sorry County should take advantage of the loped by the City of Petersburg. This facility Appomattox River frontage. There is potential beautiful natural setting of forest, water, and should be expanded to provide a variety of for enlargement, using an adjacent landfill site. marsh along the James River near the Town of recreational uses, and ultimately should connect 4. Prince George County should develop a Surry. 268 6. The Nottoway River and its environs in 13. Skippers Wetlands in Greensville County Sussex County offer an ideal location for various contains small relict plant communities with woodland and water oriented recreational many rare and local plant communities of the activities. southeastern coastal plain near the northern limit 7. The acquisition of the Slage Lake property of their range. Would be a major contribution to the recreational 14. The Nottoway River in Sussex and Greens- resources of the region due to its historical ville Counties contains extensive swamp and significance and proximity to the town of jarratt. forest areas similar to the Blackwater River Swamp. 15. The James River Ravines in Sorry County Scenic Highways, Byways, and is an area of old growth upland hardwood forest Parkways with man disjunct montane plants occurring in y the coastal plain. The following roads or sections of roads have 16. Sunken Meadow in Surry County. Al- potential for consideration and possible designa- though developments are encroaching, signifi- tion as components of the Virginia Byways System: cant marsh communities remain. 17. Upper Chippokes in Surry and prince 8. Routes 142, 613 and 627 in Dinwiddie A George Counties, along the James River, is a County from Petersburg to the intersection of prime freshwater marsh surrounded by a large, Route 627 and Route 1. near-mature hardwood forest. 9. Routes 10 and 156 in Prince George and 18. The Sussex Schoolhouse nact in central Surry Counties from Hopewell to the Surry/Isle Sussex County contains a breeding colony of red of Wight County line. cockaded woodpeckers. 10. Route 35 in Sussex County. The Heritage Program under the Department 11. Route 40 in Sussex and Surry Counties of Conservation and Recreation continually from Route 301 to Route 10. updates a list of sites needing protection and s hould be contacted before making land use decisions. -K Natural Areas The following is a current listing (as of 1989) of Water and Beach Access significant natural resources and should be atural 19. A number of Public Water Access Sites are considered for inclusion into the State N, Areas System: needed for the region. They include: James River 12. The Blackwater River Swamp in Prince in Hopewell, Prince George and Surry Counties, George and Surry Counties contains an extensive Blackwater River in Surry County, Nottoway area of old growth bottomiand hardwood swamp River in Dinwiddie and Sussex Counties, Meher- forest. This resource should be conserved. rin River west of Emporia, and Meherrin River east of Emporia. 269 20. The Meherrin River, east of Emporia, has the potential of becoming a major recreational resource for Emporia, Greensville, and South- ampton Counties. In order to achieve its potential, N the numerous log jams would have to be removed and additional access opportunities provided. Al. A) Scenic Rivers The following rivers or sections of ivers V, r should be evaluated for inclusion in the Virginia J Scenic Rivers System: 21. The Blackwater River from its headwaters in Prince George County to the Surry/Isle of 22. The Nottoway River in Dinwiddie, Sussex Wight County line. and Greensville Counties. About 33 miles of the Nottoway in Sussex County have been added to the Virginia Scenic River System. The remainder of the stream should be studied to determine if it should also be considered for inclusion. 23. The James River between Hopewell and the Surry/Isle of Wight County line. The Sorry N; County Reach was designated a historic. river by to the 1988 General Assembly. State Forests 24. The Department of Forestry should estab- Other State Properfies Trails lish a state forest between Chippokes Plantation The following state owned properties contain The following trail proposals are suggested as State Park and Hog Island Wildlife Management significant undeveloped land which may have components of the State Trails System: Area. A cooperative effort among the Depart- potential for recreational use. Each site should be ment of Forestry, Department of Conservation assessed and cooperative use agreements deve- 26. Petersburg is planning a trail along the old and Recreation, and the Department of Came and loped where appropriate. Virginia Electric and Power Company Canal Inland Fisheries should be made to protect the adjacent to the Appomattox Scenic River. This environs of the state park and the view from 25. Richard Bland College in Dinwiddie trail would connect the City of Petersburg and Jamestown Island, and to screen the Surry Nu- County contains almost 700 acres. About 20% of the Appomattox River Park to the west. clear Power Plant. the property has been developed. 270 Ulf EN Ar lb ,A @7t 7, 27. The proposed Virginia Southside Trail the Petersburg National Battlefield Park. The site Public Game and Fish would traverse Greensville and Sussex County was originally the debarkation point for men and Management Areas and could be accommodated to a large extent on materials during the siege of Petersburg and the abandoned railroad rights-of-way and the devel- manor house was used as General Grant's head- opmeDt of the Virginia Beach water pipeline. quarters. This constitutes an important addition 30. Hog Island Wildlife Management Area, in to the facilities at the National Park. Surry County, is being considered for expansion. Recent developments include a much needed boat National Park Service 29. The National Park Service, the City of landing. Several miles of trails are proposed. The Petersburg, and Dinwiddie County should work area has potential for picnic area development 28. Appomattox Manor and adjacent water- together to provide additional trail opportunities and includes some good, natural beach. The site within the Petersburg National Battlefield Park offers excellent opportunity for water oriented front lands in the City Point area of Hopewell and adjacent communities. recreation. have been purchased as part of an expansion of 271 REGION 9 PETERSBURG.-HOPEWELL Preserve COLONIAL, HEIGHTS C) 4 Lower James filstoric Park H ELL 17 ADOOMattbx I .... . . . . . . ..PNB ahe Chesdin 4:J k PRINC 0 -2 2 GEORGE 15 0 PEIERSBURG 16 %V5 19 Appomattox a 12 Chippok Oland W.M.A at r :Iurg Nall. 'a River Park Battlefield Park 0 Q1 100V State P rk1 P 11 8 29 21 1 11 30 Fort Pickett DINWIDDIE -4. Charles Steirly Sussex Ga at. Natural Area Refuge La a River 19 'J. 61 22 Airfield 19 11 Lake 11-1-' 22 SUSSEX 10 0 18 14 LEGEND 6 POTENTIAL OR EXISTING PROPOSED 2 me go PARK OR RECREATION AREA Cz:@ Efl* FOREST 27 Rio 7 EIA M6 WILDLIFE MGT. AREA H 0 NATURAL AREA - PUBLIC FISHING LAKE PUBLIC BOAT LARDING HISTORIC AREA SCEN :C HWY., BYWAY, PKWY. LWORIA % "%L-- SCEN C RIVER TRAIL 013 19 HOSTELS BEACH GREENSVILLE KEY NUMBERS REFER TO TEXT INCLUDES YVILOERNCSS AREA 20 Plate 26 272 REGION 9 TABLE43 Projected 1990 Population: 164003 1990 2000 2010 PCNT. TOTAL TOTAL PRIVATE ACTIVITY PART. DEMAND SUPPLY SUPPLY NEED DEMAND NEED DEMAND NEED UNIT CAMPING , 21.98 2526 946 945 1580 2840 1894 3179 2233 SITES FISHING 32.51 5272 26780 1448 +21508- 5560 +21220 5872 +20908 ACRES CANOEING, ETC. 6.815 18 0 0 18 21 21 26 26 STREAM MILES SAILING 2.00 3754 25051 368 +21297 4998 +20053 6344 +18707 ACRES POWER BOATING 19.57 -8999 25051 368 +16052 9634 +15417 10304 +14747 ACRES WATER SKIING 11.43 10179 25051 368 +14872 12253 +12798 14544 +10507 ACRES POOL SWIMMING 39.67 65 9 4 56 68 59 71 62 POOLS SWIMMING OUTDOORS 36.36 127 30 15 97 139 109 149 119 BEACH ACRES BEACH USE, SUNNING 32.20 64 30 15 34 69 39 74 44 ACRES HIKING, BACKPACKING 13.83 251 83 16 168 282 199 320 237 MILES JOGGING 25.20 921 9 0 912 980 971 1044 1035 MILES BICYCLING/WORK, SCH 6.85 6 0 0 6 8 8 9 9 MILES BICYCLING PLEASURE 36.77 200 26 0 174 219 193 238 212 MILES HORSEBACK RIDING 4.81 162 37 3 125 169 132 177 140 MILES FOUR WHEEL O.R.V. 12.83 45 0 0 45 45 45 46 46 MILES MOTORCYCLE OFF ROAD 3.91 9 0 0 9 10 10 10 10 MILES HUNTING 14.24 119054 30745 15450 88309 126375 95630 134120 103375 ACRES PICNICKING 23.32 774 270 102 504 830 560 890 620 TABLES GOLF 3.72 22 5 3 17 23 18 23 18 COURSES TENNIS 23.07 202 72 -4 130 222 150 --245 173 COURTS SOFTBALL, BASEBALL 19.17 169 89 8 80 183 94 194 105 FIELDS BASKETBALL 15.74 413 90 1 323 455 365 499 409 COURTS SOCCER 7.00 109 19 0 90 128 109 151 132 FIELDS FOOTBALL 20.25 66 19 0 47 70 51 74 55 FIELDS ICE SKATING 4.37 3 0 0 3 4 4 5 5 RINKS SKIING 13.04 29 0 0 29 31 31 35 35 LIFTS NOTE: Chesterfield County is also a member of Planning District 19. However, all demand, supply, and needs analyses for Chesterfield County are shown in Planning District 15 and are therefore shown in Region 2. +means a surplus. TOTAL SUPPLY INCLUDES PRIVATE SUPPLY. 273 PLANNING DISTRICT 19 TABLE44 Projected 1990 Populatiow. 164003 1990 2000 2010 PCNT. TOTAL TOTAL PRIVATE ACTIVITY PART. DEMAND SUPPLY SUPPLY NEED DEMAND NEED DEMAND NEED UNIT CAMPING 21.98 2526 946 945 1580 2840 1894 3179 2233 SITES FISHING 32.51 5272 267BO 1448 +21508 5560 +21220 5872 +20908 ACRES CANOEING, ETC. 6.85 18 0 18 21 21 26 26 STREAM MILES SAILING 2.00 3754 25051 368 +21297 4998 -+20053 6344 +18707 ACRES POWER BOATING 19.57 8999 25051 368 +16052 9634 +15417 10304 +14747 ACRES WATER SKIING 11.43 10179 25051 368 +14872 12253 +12798 14544 +10507 ACRES POOL SWIMMING 39.67 65 9 4 56 68 59 71 62 POOLS SWIMMING OUTDOORS 36.36 127 30 15 97 139 109 149 119 BEACH ACRES BEACH USE, SUNNING 32.20 64 30 15 34 69 39 74 44 ACRES HIKING, BACKPACKING 13.83 251 83 16 168 282 199 320 237 MILES JOGGING 25.20 921 9 --0-- 912- 980 971 1044 1035 MILES BICYCLING/WORK, SCH 6.85 6 0 0 6 8 8 9 9 MILES BICYCLING PLEASURE 36.77 200 26 0 174 219 193 238 212 MILES HORSEBACK RIDING 4.81 162 37 3 125 169 132 177 140 MILES FOUR WHEEL O.R.V. 12.83 45 0 0 45 45 45 46 46 MILES MOTORCYCLE OFF ROAD 3.91 9 0 0 9 10 10 10 10 MILES HUNTING 14.24 119054 30745 15450 88309 126375 95630 134120 103375 ACRES PICNICKING 23.32 774 270 102 504 830 560 890 620 TABLES GOLF 3.72 22 5 3 17 23 18 23 18 COURSES TENNIS 23.07 202 72 4 130 222 150 245 173 COURTS SOFTBALL, BASEBALL 19.17 169 89 8 80 183 94 194 105 FIELDS BASKETBALL 15.74 413 90 t 323 455 365 499 409 COURTS SOCCER 7.00 109 19 0 90 128 109 151 132 FIELDS FOOTBALL 20.25 66 19 0 47 70 51 74 55 FIELDS ICE SKATING 4.37 3 0 0 3 4 4 5 5 RINKS SKIING 13.04 29 0 0 29 31 31 35 35 LIFTS +means a surplus. TOTAL SUPPLY INCLUDES PRIVXI'E SUPPLY. 274 DU 1\_L1G10N 10 Eastern Shore Although the Eastern Shore of Virginia has their natural state for perpetual protection and less than 1% of the state's population, it embraces limited public recreation. All or part of 13 islands a large percentage of the state's saltwater shores, have been acquired by The Nature Conservancy. including most of the ocean frontage. To a very Three islands are administered by federal agen large extent, the frontage is relatively unspoiled. cies and one island is maintained by the state as Islands and inlets, and some marshlands, with a natural area. There are two state controlled sandy beaches toward the southern end, are on marshland areas on the bay side. One is main- the Chesapeake Bay side. Wide expanses of tained for wildlife management and hunting. The marshland, shallow bays, and winding channels, other is a protected natural area. The state also all guarded by a chain of barrier islands with owns extensive wetlands for wildlife manage- unspoiled beaches, are on the seaward side. The ment between the mainland and harrier islands whole region is a vast incubating and feeding on the ocean side. ground for bird and sea life, and is of vital importance to fish and wildlife interests far Although there is an abundance of water and beyond the borders of Virginia. open space in the region, access to and use of Much of it is very limited. Many of the beach Due largely to the efforts of private organiza- areas for instance are either privately owned or ns, nearly all of the barrier islands of Virginia are very difficult to get too, as is the case with ... VVe been acquired and are being preserved in barrier island beaches. There is a need for access 275 g q'l "A-Z" t1t @C@,OA,G ky A Ilk --Nook, )jo A@I @Vp @N I X@ , ei@ A )@d to the Barrier Island beaches, but access should supply of picnic facilities, it should be pointed out suggests that a major state park be placed in the be regulated to protect these fragile resource the only inground pool and a majority of the Chesapeake Bay between the community of Cape areas. In addition to the need for better access to picnic tables are located at commercial camp- Charles and the Bay Bridge Tunnel. Several area beaches, recent studies identified several grounds and are not available for use by local potential sites have been identified and are shown close-to-home types of activities for which residents. on the map on page 279. As indicated in the significant facility needs exist. According to the Recent studies have been completed which recommendations below, the Commonwealth table on page 280, the most pressing such needs should place a high priority on the acquisition are for jogging, bicycle and horseback trails, identify a need for more passive recreational and development of a major water oriented areas (parks, trails, picnic areas, etc.) as well as soccer, softball/baseball fields and basketball increased bay and ocean access. A study of the destination park site on the Eastern Shore. It Courts. While this table indicates a surplus existing recreational resources and facilities should be developed in a way that preserves a 276 freshwater ponds. It has extensive open and V forested lands which lend themselves to the ay use and overnight development of a variety of & facilities. 2. Picketts Harbor has a long beach and wide @;o wooded section along the shore. Its frontage has a long vegetated dune line. The site can support a var iety of day use and overnight facilities. 3. Kiptopeke Beach is composed of open fields and forests. The forests create a wide meander- 0 ing edge along the shoreline of the Bay. The old Chesapeake Bay ferry landing site, with its dock, is included in the site. f 4. Savage Neck consists of a peninsula with Bay and tidal creek frontages. It has both open V and forested land which is suitable for a variety of day use and overnight facilities. It has a fine beach and offers excellent water oriented opportunities. 5. The potential exists for a state park in the area between Occahannock and Pungoteague Creek of southern Accomack County which would offer abundant shoreline on the Chesa- peake Bay, as well as on several large creeks in the area. The excellent marshes and beaches found here could contribute greatly to the Eastern Shore's supply of accessible water oriented significant portion of the Eastern Shore's natural attention. These resources are identified by recreational opportunities. heritage and features the Eastern Shore's cultural system, with recommendations as to how they and recreational opportunities. can best meet current and projected needs. Re0onal Parks Local priorities on the Eastern Shore should he toward the development of a number of small State P2w]ks 6. A regional park should be acquired and community parks and at least two district parks, - providing game fields and courts, picnic sites, developed in both Accomack and Northampton swimming, and trail opportunities. Some of the The acquisition of a new state park site is a Counties. Both sites should provide trails, swim- current needs may be satisfied by further devel- high priority during this planning cycle. The ming, beach access, and facility development for oping existing parks. following sites have been identified for softball and basketball. Accomack County has consideration. identified a potential regional park site near The following significant resources have the Onancock which is centrally located and has potential to contribute to regional outdoor recrea- 1. Brown and Root is a large tract of land near good development potential. tional opportunities, and therefore, merit special Cape Charles with a wide beach and numerous 277 Natural Areas The following is a current listing (as of 1989) of significant natural resources and should be considered for inclusion in a State Natural Areas System: 7. The Pitts Creek area contains a freshwater i arsh and adjacent cypress/white cedar hard- n, wood swamp and is the best developed habitat of jy its type on the Eastern Shore. This area should he considered for inclusion in the State Natural Areas System. 8. The Barrier Islands, off Accomack and Northampton Counties, are almost totally in public or Nature Conservancy ownership. The delicate nature of most of the islands requires that they be left in a relatively undisturbed state. Plans, however, should be developed and imple- 7- 4,m merited which would allow for public recrea- tional use where compatible. The Heritage Program under the Department ally of Conservation and Recreation continu updates a list of sites needing protection and should be contacted before making land use County from Onancock to AccomaG. 14. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service should decisions. 12. Route 600 in Accomack and Northampton investigate the possibilities of providing some Counties from Painter to Kiptopeke. limited parking and day use recreation facilities on Fishermans Island. Scenic Rig ays, Virginia 15. The Eastern Shore National Wildlife Ref- .,hw Byways, and Parkways Public Water and Beach Access uge in Northampton County should be consid- ered as a possible access point to those barrier The following roads or sections of roads should Although its rich and plentiful water resources islands suitable for some type of recreational use. be considered as components of the Virginia are the Eastern Shore's primary recreation attrac- Byway System: tions, public access to them for boating and beach 9. Route 180 in Accomack County from Pun- use is very limited and should be increased. Hostels goteague to Wachapreague. 13. The Department of Game and Inland Fi- The following general areas are suggested as 10. Route 605 in Accomack County from Wa- sheries should continue its program of providing potential hostel locations: chapreague to Accomac. additional public hunting, fishing, and boating access to the ocean, bays, and marshes on the 16. Assateague Island. 11. Route 718 and Route 178 in Accoinack Eastern Shore. 17. Cape Charles Area. 278 MARYLAND REGION 10 Chin EASTERN SHORE -wi -M 7 A - - - - ------- *6 LEGEND POTENTIAL OR EXISTING PROP SED iN 0 00 PARK OR RECREATION AREA 4 12 00 FOREST 10 MA 113 A WILDLIFE MGT. AREA ED 0 He NATURAL AREA w W5 140 PUBLIC FISHING LAKE - PUBLIC BOAT LANDING m El HISTORIC AREA ONO SCENIC HWY., BYWAY, PKWY. SCENIC RIVER TRAIL HOSTELS BEACH 12 AF KEY N NIBERS REFER TO TEXT Oil, INCLUDES WILDERNESS AREA . ..................... . . -46 Atlantic ocean 4-1 17 Eaw Plate 27 279 REGION 10 TABLE45 Projected 1990 Population: 47204 1990 2000 2010 PCNT TOTAL TOTAL PRIVATE ACTIVITY PART. DEMAND SUPPLY SUPPLY NEED DEMAND NEED DEMAND NEED UNIT CAMPING 21.31 1774 5404 5353 +3630 2031 +3373 2304 +3100 SITES FISHING 37.35 568 53571 0 +53003 616 +52955 663 +52908 ACRES CANOEING, ETC. 4.07 7 0 0 7 9 9 10 10 STREAM MILES SAILING 6.85 6483 428528 2 +422045 8010 +420518 9687 +418841 ACRES POWER BOATING 27.25 12451 428528 2 +416077 13418 +415110 14393 +414135 ACRES WATER SKIING 8.30 18818 428528 2 +409710 22852 +405676 27281 +401247 ACRES POOL SWIMMING 24.28 7 6 5 1 7 1 7 1 POOLS SWIMMING OUTDOORS 35.93 78 274 39 +196 86 +188 96 +178 BEACH ACRES BEACH USE, SUNNING 38.89 56 274 39 +218 62 +212 67 +207 ACRES HIKING, BACKPACKING 7.61 22 31 2 +9 25 +6 29 +2 MILES JOGGING 29.01 54 0 0 54 54 54 55 55 MILES BICYCLING/WORK, SCH 11.31 13 0 0 13 14 14 15 15 MILES BICYCLING PLEASURE 34.79 32 2 0 30 34 32 35 33 MILES HORSEBACK RIDING 4.54 4 2 0 2 4 2 4 2 MILES FOUR WHEEL O.R.V. 9.20 6 0 0 6 7 7 7 7 MILES MOTORCYCLE OFF ROAD 8.91 6 0 0 6 6 6 6 6 MILES HUNTING, 13.84 23657 16071 25 7586 25655 9584 27741 11670 ACRES PICNICKING 22.64 151 762 700 +611 166 +596 181 +581 TABLES GOLF 4.62 2 2 2 0 2 0 2 0 COURSES TENNIS 13.97 12 14 3 +2 14 0 15 1 COURTS SOFTBALL, BASEBALL 24.89 39 4 1 35 40 36 41 37 FIELDS BASKETBALL 15.65 64 2 0 62 69 67 74 72 COURTS SOCCER 16.64 7 3 0 4 7 4 8 5 FIELDS FOOTBALL 9.73 7 3 0 4 7 4 7 4 FIELDS ICE SKATING 9.83 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 RINKS SKIING 6.51 7 0 0 7 9 9 10 10 LIFTS +means a surplus. TOTAL SUPPLY INCLUDES PRIVATE SUPPLY. 280 PLANNING DISTRICT 22 TABLE 46 Projected 1990 Population: 47204 1990 2000 2010 PCNT. TOTAL TOTAL PRIVATE ACTIVITY PART. DEMAND SUPPLY SUPPLY NEED DEMAND NEED DEMAND NEED UNIT CAMPING 21.31 1774 5404 5353 +3630 2031 +3373 2304 +3100 SITES FISHING 37.35 568 53571 0 +53003 616 +52955 663 +52908 ACRES CANOEING, ETC. 4.07 7 0 0 7 9 9 10 10 STREAM MILES SAILING 6.85 6483 428528 2 +422045 8010 +420518 9687 +418841 ACRES POWER BOATING 27.25 12451 428528 2 +416077 13418 +415110 14393 +414135 ACRES WATER SKIING 8.30 18818 428528 2 +409710 22852 +405676 27281 +401247 ACRES POOL SWIMMING 24.28 7 6 5 1 7 1 7 1 POOLS SWI AMING OUTDOORS 35.93 78 274 39 +196 86 +188 96 +178 BEACH ACRES BEACH USE, SUNNING 38.89 56 274 39 +218 62 +212 67 +207 ACRES HIKING, BACKPACKING 7.61 22 31 2 +9 25 +6 29 +2 MILES JOGGING 29.01 54 0 0 54 54 54 55 55 MILES BICYCLING/WORK, SCH- 11.31 13 0 0 13 14 14 15 15 MILES BICYCLING PLEASURE 34.79 32 2 0 30 34 32 35 33 MILES HORSEBACK RIDING 4.54 4 2 0 2 4 2 4 2 MILES FOUR WHEEL O.R.V. 9.20 6 0 0 6 7 7 7 7 MILES MOTORCYCLE OFF ROAD 8.91 6 0 0 6 6 6 6 6 MILES HUNTING 13.84 23657 16071 25 7586 25655 9584 27741 11670 ACRES PICNICKING 22.64 151 762 700 +611 166 T +596 181 +581 'FABLES GOLF 4.62 2 2 2 0- 2 0 2 0 COURSES TENNIS 13.97 12 14 3 +2 14 0 15 1 COURTS SOFTBALL, BASEBALL 24.89 39 4 1 35 40 36 41 37 FIELDS BASKETBALL 15.65 64 2 0 62 69 67 74 72 COURTS SOCCER 16.64 7 3 0 4 7 4 8 5 FIELDS FOOTBALL 9.73 7 3 0 4 7 4 7 4 FIELDS ICE SKATING 9.83 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 RINKS SKIING 6.51 7 0 0 7 9 9 10 10 LIFTS 1 2 1 2 3 9 F@64 +means a surplus. TOTAL SUPPLY INCLUDES PRIVATE SUPPLY. 281 REGION 11 Southern Piedmont The south central portion of Virginia is consid- Based on the Outdoor Recreation Demand ered by many to be the premiere inland water Study, the most popular outdoor recreational playground in the Commonwealth. The U.S. activity in the region was pool swimming. Plan- Army Corps of Engineers and major power ning District 12 has a 30% deficiency in pools and companies have created a series of large reser- needs 12 more to meet the demand. Twenty-one voirs for flood control, electrical power genera- of the twenty-six pools identified in Planning tion, and recreation. John H. Kerr Reservoir and District 13 are privately owned, however, and Lake Gaston, on the Virginia/North Carolina therefore not available to the general public. More border, have a combined total of more than 73,000 public swimming pools are needed to meet the acres of water within Virginia. Three other major demand in this region. There is a significant undments - Leesville Lake, Smith Moun- shortage of beach acreage in the region and steps impo tain Lake, and Philpott Reservoir - add another should be taken towards providing more beach able 47 on 24,600 acres of water based recreational opportu- areas on the major impoundments. T, nity to the region. In addition to the lakes, this page 287 lists recreation activities in the region, -g -it deal of ranked by participation rate. region has many lai e rivers with a gre. untapped recreational potential. Three state Developed facilities for close-to-home recrea- -eas, the Blue parks, three wildlife management ai Ridge Parkway, and the Army Corps of Engi- tion like basketball courts and tennis Courts are also needed. The Demand Study indicated that neers' lands provide over 58,000 land acres of the majority of people did not want to travel more recreational opportunity in the region. than 15 minutes away from home for most out- Town, city, and county parks in this region door game activities. These facilities should be provide an additional 3,400 acres of park and provided close to population concentrations. The open space area. Much of this land is developed following significant resources contribute, or and meets 45% of the demand for ciose-to-home have the potential to contribute, to regional open recreation. Overall, Region 11 has a 3,578-acre space and/or recreational opportunities and, deficiency for local and regional open space therefore, merit special attention. These resour- acreage, based on a standard of 20 acres per 1,000 ces are identified by recreation system with population. This deficiency is most serious in recommendations for how they can best meet Planning District 13, which has an 80% defi- existing and future demand. L'ifficy and needs 1,337 acres of local and regional land. 282 Regional Parks 1. improved release schedules from Leesville Reservoir have substantially improved the re- creational attractiveness of the Staunton River. A regional park should be developed in Pittsylva- nia, Campbell, Halifax, or Charlotte counties to provide access and use of this improved resource. 2. A regional park site at Elkhorn Lake in eastern Pittsylvania County should be acquired -:77 to help meet the day use needs of the area. An- Scenic Highways, Byways, and Parkways The following roads or sections of roads have potential for consideration and possible designa tion as components of the Virginia Byway System: 11. Route 602 in Franklin County from Ferrum 16. The Pinnacles of Dan in Patrick County 3. Route 8 from Route 58 to Blue Ridge Park- to Route 221 at Adney Gap. display spectacular gorges and wilderness along way in Patrick County. 12. Route 659 in Halifax County between the the headwaters of the Dan River. More than 4,400 4. Route 58 from Route 8 to Blue Ridge Park- Pittsylvania County line and Route 729. acres should be considered for preservation. way in Patrick County. 13. Route 614 in Patrick County from the Blue 17. Turkey Cock Mountain in Franklin and 5. Route 623 in Patrick and FranklinC ounties Ridge Parkway to Route 645. Henry Counties contains numerous beaver colo- from its junction with Route 57 in Ferrum. nies. There are more than 20,000 acres in this 14. Route 648 in Patrick County from Route unique area, 2,680 acres of which have been 6. Routes 108 and 890 in Henry and Franklin 103 to the end. acquired by the Game Commission. Counties from Martinsville to Penhook. The Heritage Program under the Department 7. Route 344 in Halifax County, from inter- Natural Areas of Conservation and Recreation continually section of Routes 304 and 344 to Staunton River updates a list of sites needing protection and State Park. The following is a current listing (as of 1989) of should be contacted before making land use 8. Routes 4,615,637, and 626 in Mecklenburg significant natural resources and should be decisions. and Brunswick Counties. considered for inclusion into the State Natural 9. Routes 748 and 640 in Franklin County Areas System: Public Water Access from Ferrum to Blue Ridge Parkway. 15. Busted Rock in Patrick County offers 10. Route 863 from Route 58 to the North distinctive natural and scenic features and con- Although Region 11 is rich in water resources, Carolina state line in Pittsylvania County. tains 10,000 acres, public access to them is inadequate and needs to 283 be substantially increased. In all instances where Y- public highway crossings of fishable and/or floatable waters are scheduled for renovation, relocation, or wherever feasible, the potential for providing parking areas and boat launching ramps should he evaluated. A comprehensive river access guide should be developed for the region. The Dan River Canoe Trail should be extended into Virginia from North Carolina. Scenic Rivers The following rivers or sections of rivers have been evaluated and found to qualify for inclusion -21 in the Virginia Scenic Rivers System: k 18. Nottoway River in Brunswick County, Route 609 to Route 630 in Sussex County. Allv' 19. The South Mayo River in Patrick and Henry Counties from Route 653 to the North Carolina line. 20. The North Mayo River in Henry County from Route 695 to North Carolina line. 21. The Meherrin River in Brunswick County from Route 635 to North Carolina line. The following river segments merit evaluation National Park Service oped where appropriate. in the future to determine their suitability for 28. Medium Security Institute #1 in Bruns- inclusion in the Virginia Scenic Rivers System: 27. Pine Spur in Franklin County has potential wick County has 700 acres of undeveloped land 22. The Smith River from Route 8 to Route 704 for major recreation area development. This which should be studied for its potential for in Patrick County. location is included in the Blue Ridge Parkway meeting local recreational demand. 23. The Staunton River from Brookneal to master plan. 29. Southside Virginia Community College in Kerr Reservoir and from Leesville Reservoir to Brunswick County has 62 acres of land that Long Island. Other State Properdes should be evaluated for its potential as a recrea- - tion site. 24. The Blackwater River from Route 220 to 30. Department of Corrections Field Unit 15 in Smith Mountain Lake in Franklin County. The following state owned properties contain significant undeveloped land which may have Pittsylvania County has a 200-acre site with 25. Sandy River in Pittsylvania County. potential for recreational use. Each site should be recreational potential which should be consid- 26. Dan River in its entirety. assessed and cooperative use agreements devel- ered in local planning. 284 .0 Public Game and Fish 0 Management Areas Substantial additional acquisitions are planned for recreational development, including an extensive trails system at the White Oak :;77 Mountain Wildlife Management Area in Pittsylvania County. 4 1 .4, 37. Additional acquisitions are planned along L the Lake Gaston shoreline at Elm Hill Wildlife Management Area in Mecklenburg County. 38. Additional river access sites are needed on the Dan, the Sandy, and the Staunton River j systems. v L Corps of Engineers Impoundments 7 4@ 39. John H. Kerr Reservoir is located in Halifax and Mecklenburg Counties. Further development of .existing project lands around this great lake ould make available for recreation more than 18,000 acres of land and water. Much of this is no currently designated for recreational use. Developments can be by the Corps of Engineers, or by state, regional, or local agencies, or private 31. Department of Corrections Field Unit 28 in enterprise, under lease from the Corps. Stich Trails developments could help significantly in making Henry County has 90 acres of land, 45 of which up for the deficiencies in local acreage. They are wooded and may be suited for recreational The following trail proposals are suggested as would also help to relieve the pressure from use. components of the Sf ate Trails System: other, more urban, regions. 32. Danville Community College has 40 acres 34. The Southern Extension of the East Coast 40. Philpott Reservoir is in Franklin, Patrick, of wooded land which could be evaluated for its Bicycle Route connects with the North Carolina and Henry Counties. Potential exists for addi- recreational potential. Bicycle Trail at Okoneechee State Park. tional recreational developments on nearly 6,000 33. Patrick Henry Community College in 35. North Carolina is developing a Dan River acres of unused government land. These lands Henry County has 80 acres of wooded land Trail, which should be continued into Virginia, are not currently designated for recreational use. which may prove to be ideally suited for recrea- with its terminus at Staunton River State Park, tional development. 285 m z < c w (3 grg cc= . < .1 m 00 ct ISO CL ca U2 go A z @z C@m m o > ->oS,MZI 0 M CA m 0 z W. mo -M, 00 00 amIZ .0 ?Zi wo to 0 ca m m U) m 3 . m m z OW > r z co 0 z c/) 0 m 0" REGION I I TABLE47 Projected 1990 Population: 334000 1990 2000 2010 PCNT. TOTAL TOTAL PRIVATE ACTIVITY PART. DEMAND SUPPLY SUPPLY NEED DEMAND NEED DEMAND [ NEED UNIT CAMPING 19.07 4220 5398 3705 +1178 4670 +728 5144 +254 SITES FISHING 29.83 13992 31762 28143 +17770 14344 +17418 14696 +17066 ACRES CANOEING, ETC. 5.39 33 31 2 2 42 11 49 18 STREAM MILES SAILING 2.54 3159 90944 34201 +87785 4197 +8-6747 5312 +85632 ACRES POWER BOATING 10.77 10087 90944 34201 +80857 10627 +80317 11174 +79770 ACRES WATER SKIING 10.76 19207 90944 34201 +71737 22132 +68812 25256 +65688 ACRES POOL SWIMMING 45.36 68 55 47 13 71 16 72 17 POOLS SWIMMING OUTDOORS 27.01 82 31 9 51 86 55 92 61 BEACH ACRES BEACH USE, SUNNING 28.48 61 31 9 30 64 33 67 36 ACRES HIKING, BACKPACKING 16.90 194 115 16 79 213 98 234 119 MILES JOGGING 31.73 495 4 0 491 510 506 522 518 MILES BICYCLING/WORK, SCH 9.84 14 0 0 14 14 14 154 15 MILES BICYCLING PLEASURE 28.99 169 10 5 159 179 169 189 179 Mil ES HORSEBACK RIDING 8.06 122 50 15 72 125 75 130 80 MILES FOI JR WHEEL O.R.V. 12.69 40 0 -0 40 40 40 42 42 MILES MOTORCYCLE OFF ROAD 5.30 57 0 0 57 57 57 59 59 MILES HUNTING 14.34 310281 52208 3046 258073 318981 266773 327737 275529 ACRES PICNICKING 41.32 1988 3096 1473 +1108 2046 +1050 2111 +985 TABLES GOLF 11.32 38 23 22 15 41 18 41 18 COURSES TENNIS 16.45 217 187 70 30 -234 47 255 68 COURTS SOFTBALL, BASEBALL 16.25 230 192 38 38 235 43 241 49 FIELDS BASKETBALL 22.25 830 200 26 630 885 685 942 742 COURTS SOCCER 9.66 101 71 7 30 112 41 126 55 FIELDS FOOTBALL 12.99 194 71 7 123 199 128 202 131 FIELDS ICE S 2 0 27=@ 4 6 6 RINKS SKIII, 23 0 F-0 23 33 33 39 39 LIFTS +means a surplus. 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Ll@ I: C@ tl-: r-@ C@ Ln -,j @.D Lo N C) M Ln cq C@ n N -A cq cq C', < Z 10, 2 cn In, @SD LD Lr x Z z L) E- En < < 2 = EL cn L) cn I @3 I 4& 74 Jj, A 7@ CA) 0) ,gi qv W, 1,44m, &P kle @v i 441i J, ("49 of 4