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I Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Outline of the Metros . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Regional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Publicly-Administered Recreation Opportunities . . . . . . . . . . 10 Land and Water Acreage . . . . . . . . . 10 Parks and Acreage by Type of Park 12 Park and Recreation Facilities by Type of Park . . . . . . . 12 Conversion of Facilities to Recreation Opportunities . . . . . . . 13 Estimated Current and Future Participation, 1970-2000 . . . . . . 13 Recreation Resource Requirements, 1970-2000 . . . . . . . . . . 15 Region 1 'djj . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 pal Description Publicly-Administered Recreation Opportunities . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Estimated Current and Future Participation, 1970-2000 . . . . . . . . 28 Recreation Resource Requirements, 1970-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Region 4 Regional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Publicly-Administered Recreation Opportunities . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Estimated Current and -2000 . . . . . . 48 C&W COW Future Participation, 1970 Recreation Resource Requirements, 1970-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 2 Region 5 Region 13 Regional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Regional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 Publicly-Administered Publicly-Administered Recreation Opportunities . . . . . . . . .. . . 62 Recreation Opportunities . . . . . . . . . . . 166 Estimated Current and Estimated Current and Future Participation, 1970-2000 . . . . . . . . 68 Future Participation, 1970-2000 . . . . . . . . 172 Recreation Resource Recreation Resource Requirements, 1970-2000 . . . . . . . . o . . . 70 Requirements, 1970-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 Region 7 Region 14 Regional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Regional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 Publicly-Administered Publicly-Administered Recreation Opportunities . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Recreation Opportunities . . . . . . . . . . . 186 Estimated Current and Estimated Current and Future Participation, 1970-2000 . . . . . . . . 88 Future Participation, 1970-2000 . . . . . . . . 192 Recreation Resource Recreation Resource Requirements, 1970-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Requirements, 1970-2000 . . . . . . . . . .. . . 194 Region 10 Region 16 Regional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Regional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 Publicly-Administered Publicly-Administered Recreation Opportunities . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Recreation Opportunities . . . . . . . . . . . 207 Estimated Current and Estimated Current and Future Participation, 1970-2000 . . . . . . . . 109 Future Participation, 1970-2000 . . . . . . . . 213 Recreation Resource . Recreation Resource Requirements, 1970-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . Ill Requirements, 1970-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 Region 11 Region 17 Regional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 Regional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 Publicly-Administered Publicly-Administered Recreation Opportunities . . . . . . . . . . . 125 Recreation Opportunities . . . . . . . . . . . 229 Estimated Current and Estimated Current and Future Participation, 1970-2000 . ... . . . . . 131 Future Participation, 1970-2000 . . . . . . . . 235 Recreation Resource Recreation Resource Requirements, 1970-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Requirements, 1970-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . /237 Region 12 Region 18 Midland Regional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Regional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247 Publicly-Administered Publicly-Administered, Recreation Opportunities . . . . . . . . . . . 146 Recreation Opportunities . . . . . . . . . . . 249 Estimated Current and Estimated Current and Future Participation, 1910-2000 . . . . . . . . 152 Future Participation, 1970-2000 . . . . . . . . 255 Recreation Resource Recreation Resource Requirements, 1970-2ObO . ... . . . . . . . . . 154 Requirements, 1970-2000 . . . . . ... . . . . . 257 3 Region 18 Odessa Region 27 Regional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267 Regional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370 Publicly-Administered Publicly-Administered Recreation Opportunities . . . . . . . . . . . 269 Recreation Opportunities . . . . . . . . . . . 372 Estimated Current and Estimated Current and Future Participation, 1970-2000 . . . . . . . . 275 Future Participation, 1970-2000 378 Recreation Resource Recreation Resource Requirements, 1970-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . 277 Requirements, 1970-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . 380 Region 20 Region 28 Regional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287 Regional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391 Publicly-Administered Publicly-Administered Recreation Opportunities . . . . . . . . . . . 289 Recreation Opportunities . . . . . . . . . . . 393 Estimated Current and Estimated Current and Future Participation, 1970-2000 . . . . . . . . 295 Future Participation, 1970-2000 . . . . . . . . 399 Recreation Resource Recreation Resource Requirements, 1970-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . 297 Requirements, 1970-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . 401 Region 21 Region 29 Regional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307 Regional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411 Publicly-Administered. Publicly-Administered Recreation Opportunities . . . . ... . . . . . 309 Recreation Opportunities . . . . . . . . . . . 413 Estimated Current and Estimated Current and Future Participation, 1970-2000 . . . . . . . . 315 Future Participation, 1970-2000 . . . . . . . . 419 Recreation Resource Recreation Resource Requirements, 1970-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . 317 Requirements, 1970-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . 421 Region 23 Region 33 Regional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327 Regional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432 Publicly-Administered Publicly-Administered Recreation Opportunities . . . . . . . . . . . 329 Recreation Opportunities . . . . . . . . . . . 434 Estimated Current and . Estimated Current and Future Participation, 1970-2000 . . . . . . . . 335 Future Participation, 1970-2000 . . . . . . . . 440 Recreation Resource Recreation Resource Requirements, 1970-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . 337 Requirements, 1970-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . 442 1 Region 25 Region 34 Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito Regional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347 Regional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453 Publicly-Administered Publicly-Administered Recreation Opportunities . . . . . . . . . . . 351 Recreation Opportunities . . . . . . . . . . . 455 Estimated Current and Estimated Current and Future Participation, 1970-2000 . . . . . . . . 357 Future Participation, 1970-2000 . . . . . . . . 461 Recreation Resource Recreation Resource Requirements, 1970-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . 359 Requirements, 1970-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . 463 4 Region 34 McAllen-Edinburg-Pharr Regional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473 Publicly-Administered Recreation Opportunities . . . . . . . . . . . 475 Estimated Current and Future Participation, 1970-2000 . . . . . . . . 481 Recreation Resource Requirements, 1970-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . 483 Region 35 Regional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493 Publicly-Administered Recreation Opportunities . . . . . . . . . . . 495 Estimated Current and Future Participation, 1970-2000 . . . . . . . . 501 Recreation Resource Requirements, 1970-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . 503 Appendices 1 ----'------\Appendix A - Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512 Appendix B - Listing of Metropolitan Areas: Core Cities and Contiguous Urban Areas (Populations 50,000 and Over in 1970) . . . . . 526 j/1 P _01 j Pit @VYIW 411 IW Ij I 5j tit, 5 duc The Texas Outdoor Recreation Plan (TORP) is the official statewide outdoor recreation plan developed by the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department at the direction of the Legislature (Senate Bill 165, Acts of the 59th Legislature). The TORP serves to guide the provision of outdoor recreation opportunities for the people of Texas. The 'Texas Outdoor Recreation Plan in its entirety consists of ten volumes. Each volume deals with a specific aspect of outdoor recreation in the State of Texas. Two of these ten volumes, Outdoor Recreation in the Rural Areas of Texas (referred to as the Rural Volume) and Outdoor Recreation in the Urban Areas of Texas (referred to as the Urban Volume) consist of three and four parts each respectively. Each part is bound and published under separate cover. This document, Part II--Metropolitan Areas, is one of four parts which, combined, comprise the entire volume.Outdoor Recreation in the Urban Areas of Texas. To understand the objectives of Part II--Metropolitan Areas it is important that the reader: � Relate the volume Outdoor Recreation in the Urban Areas of Texas to the other nine volumes of the TORP. � Visualize the relationship of Part II--Metropolitan Areas to Part I, Part III, and Part IV of Outdoor Recrea- tion in the Urban Areas of Texas. � Review the Glossary to clarify the specific use of terms in the TORP. Data presented is most meaningful once the terms used to describe the data are defined as they apply to the TORP. Outlined below are the ten volumes of the TORP, to include the various parts of the Urban and Rural Volumes, followed by a brief statement defining the purpose of each: Texas Outdoor Recreation Plan .1. Outdoor Recreation in the Urban Areas of Texas ... analyzes outdoor recreation occurring in the urban areas of Texas with respect to existing recreation opportunities, participation, and resource requirements now and in the future; also includes suggested minimum facility requirements for small communities (urbanized areas ranging in population from 200 to 2,499 in 1970 and which are not contiguous to a metropolitan area) and identifies areas of special con- cerns and associated problems in.the urban areas of Texas. a. Part I--An Overview ...summarizes the analyses of outdoor recreation occurring in all types of urban areas combined on a statewide and Analytical Planning Region basis. b. Part II--Metropolitan Areas ... analyzes that,portion of urban outdoor recreation occurring in each of 24 urbanized areas referred to as "metros" in the TORP. Metros are defined as*the core city or cities having populatiohs of 50,000 or more, according to 1970 population figures, plus all incorporated, and some unincorporated, urbanized areas contiguous to the core city/cities. Data is organized for each metro area by Analyti- cal Planning Region. The 24 metro areas are located in 22 different planning regions, with Regions 18 and 34 having two metros each, Midland and Odessa in Region 18 and Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito and McAllen-Edinburg-Pharr in Region 34. C. Part III--Cities ... analyzes that portion of urban outdoor recreation occurring in urbanized areas with populations ranging from 10,'000 to 49,999 in 1970 (referred to as "citiesit) and which are not part of or contig- uous to a metropolitan area. Twenty-seven Analytical Planning Regions have one or more cities. Data is combined for all cities within a region and presented on a regional basis. d. Part IV--Towns ... analyzes that portion of urban outdoor recreation occurring in urbanized areas with populations ranging from 2,500 to 9,999 in 1970 (referred to as "towns") and which are not part of or contiguous to a metropolitan area. All 37 Analytical Planning Regions have at least one,or more towns. Data is combined for all towns within a region and presented on a regional basis. 2. Outdoor Recreation in the Rural Areas of Texas -analyzes outdoor recreation occurring in the rural areas of Texas, areas having a country atmosphere or @owns.of less than 200 in population, with respect to existing recreation opportunities, participation and resource requirements now and in the future; also identifies areas of special concerns and associated probiems in the rural areas of Texas. a. Part 1--An Overview ... summarizes the analyses of outdoor recreation occurring in the rural areas of Texas on a statewide and Analytical Planning Region basis. b. Part II--Regions 1 - 18 ... analyzes rural outdoor recreation occurring in Analytical Planning Regions 1 18. c. Part III--Regions 19 - 37 ... analyzes rural outdoor recreation occurring in Analytical Planning Regions 19 37. 3. Outdoor Recreation on the Texas Gulf Coast ...analyzes outdoor recreation for selected urban and rural activities occurring on saltwater or adjacent land areas in the seventeen counties which are contiguous to the Gulf of Mexico or saltwater bays. Analy- ses are with respect to existing recreation opportunities, participation, and resource requirements now and in the future for each of the seventeen counties and the entire seventeen counties grouped together as one coastal region. 4. Outdoor Recreation Activities ...analyzes participation patterns in certain activities as they are explained by various recreationists, characteristics such as times of day for participation, seasons of the year, distances travelled, expendi- tures of time and money, ability to participate, and facility preferences for residents of Texas and out- of-state visitors. 5. The Role of the Public and Private Sectors ... compares the general influences on outdoor recreation in Texas by public agencies and the private sec- tor engaged in providing recreational resources for public use, either for free or for profit. 6. A Regional Environmental Analysis ....addresses basic resource conservation problems by focusing on the rapidly developing eight county Houston-Galveston region. The problems of conserving recreational resources, which include wildlife habi- tats, recreational areas, and a variety of other recreational resources, are illustrated by a map inventory of these resources. Also included are a series of maps showing various types of projected urban, indus- trial and other types of development in the region and how these types of development conflict with recrea- tion and damage or destroy recreational resources. Lastly, a series of maps and discussions addresses selected examples of planning factors that should be considered in the comprehensive planning process. 7. Techniques of Analysis ... describes the methodology used in the TORP to determine recreational demand, recreation facility stan- dards, opportunities, resource requirements, and recreation priorities in Texas. 8. A Statewide Recreation Information System ... describes the basic framework, uses, and operations of the recreational planning process in Texas. Also discussed are the data previously collected to support recreation planning, previous and potential methods of collection, and the data types to consider acquiring in the future. In addition, the impor- tance of communication, coordination, and cooperation among recreation planners and those involved in pro- viding outdoor recreation opportunities is emphasized. 9. Regional Summary ... synoptically analyzes outdoor recreation in Texas occurring in the urban areas, rural areas, and urban and rural areas combined with respect to the planning region's description; recreation opportunities, par- ticipation, and resource requirements now and in the future; potential recreation resources; and recommen- dations and priorities for the region. Data is organized by region for Regions 1 - 37. 10. State Summary ... contains broad information, recommendations, and policy statements to guide the current and future development of outdoor recreation resources in texas. With the above relationships of the various TORP volumes identified, the objectives of Part II--Metropolitan Areas (referred to as "Metrosit) are more easily viewed in their proper perspective. "Metros" deals only with outdoor recrea- tion occurring in those urban areas defined as metros. Again, m'etros are defined as the core city or cities with a pop- ulation of 50,000 or more, according to the 1970 census, plus all urbanized areas contiguous to the core city or cities. The contiguous urbanized areas may be of any population size, and may be either incorporated or unincorporated. Where several cities comprise a core, only the combined total population must equal or exceed 50,000 in order for the cities to qualify as a metro. Since 22 Analytical Planning Regions have urbanized areas defined as metros, these 22 regions are analyzed in "Metros." Emphasized in the "Metros" is the inventory of outdoor recreation resources and the compari- son of these resources with participation demands to determine resource requirements for various recreational facilities. The primary objectives of "Metros" are threefold: (1) to provide an in-depth data base that will assist recreation planners within the metros in solving their current and future outdoor recreation problems, (2) to provide detailed information concerning the outdoor recreation problems facing the metros in order that Federal, State, and local govern- mental entities and private enterprises can more effectively, as well as efficiently, plan their outdoor recreation programs to help meet the needs of the metros across the State, and (3) to serve as one of the primary documents which can be used to allocate monies from the Land and Water Conservation Fund to all urban areas in an efficient and equit- able manner. OUTLINE OF THE "METROS11 This volume is organized by Analytical Planning Regions. Major categories presented in each regional analysis are a description of the metro of each region, the outdoor recreation opportunities available in 1971, estimated participation for the years 1970, 1975, 19802 1990, and 2000 for selected urban outdoor recreation activities, and estimates of resource requirements for the years 1970, 1975, 1980, 1990, and 2000 'for selected types of urban outdoor recreation facilities. This outline briefly describes the contents of each of these major categories and explains how this mater- ial may be interpreted by the reader. 9 REGIONAL DESCRIPTION The Regional Description section contains three maps. One map is an outline of the State of Texas with the 37 analyti- cal planning regions depicted. The Analytical Planning Region presented is emphasized by black shading. This map serves to locate the region within the State and in relation to the other planning regions across the State. The second map outlines the county/counties comprising the region and also depicts the general location of the metro in the region. The third map is of the metropolitan area itself, and shows boundaries, major thoroughfares, and points of interest. This section also presents certain demographic characteristics of the population, including 1970 population, percentage change in population growth between 1960 and 1970, and age and racial composition of the populatiord/; describes impor- tant facets of the econo 2/; and lists important attractions and annual events.2/. my-t@ PUBLICLY-ADMINISTERED RECREATION OPPORTUNITIES This section presents descriptive information on the supply of publicly-administered (Federal, State,,and local) recrea- tional lands, parks, facilities, and resources available within the urbanized areas of the metros of each regiorL4-/ and the number of opportunity days provided by these facilities and resources. The primary sources of this information were the 1969 Outdoor Recreation Facilities Inventory and the 1971 Municipal Inventory Update Survey. Supply and oppor- tunity days data describe conditions as they existed through December 31, 1971. Facility standards used to compute opportunity days (see Appendix C, Part I--An Overview of the Urban Volume) were derived primarily from the 1970 On-Site Demand Survey. This section is divid.ed into the headings as shown in the following explanatory discussions. Land and Water Acreage This page shows the total public park and recreation land acreage and the water acreage within or adjacent to those parks for the metro area of the region. The total park and recreation land is divided into developed and undeveloped recreational land. Average land and water acreages per metro statewide are also shown. Developed and undeveloped recreation land acreage is presented in table form and then depicted graphically using circle graphs, as percentages of the total recreation land for the metro in each region and for the statewide metro average. Facts pertinent to the interpretation of data presented in the "Land and Water Acreage Section" section are: 0 Land acreage figures include only public land set aside as park and recreation areas, and do not include private recreation areas. 1/ SOURCE: U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. 1970. 2/ SOURCE: Texas Almanac and State Industrial Guide: 1972-1973: A. H. Belo Corporation, Dallas, Texas. 3/ The 1971 Texas Outdoor Recreation Chambers of Commerce Survey. 4/ Parks located in rural areas were excluded, which means that parks owned and operated by the metros but located in rural areas, even if the rural areas were within the city limits, were excluded. School-administered parks, play- grounds, and facilities were also excluded, even though most schools in Texas are public. 10 z 0 cc Z Z cn LLI 0 M 0 2 >- LU cc Z W x z W 0 z < < cc D LU z @e co uj 0 0 OR F- Z 0 (x m 0 ca CL x (1) cc (n 4 m u LU (1) z Z w X > -4 w o in I -------- -j X 0 w LLI U) LLI < cc w 40 Z cc LU cc LU z co x -i Az LU cn 0 UJ 0 0. 0cc Z cc< a x cam cn LL. 0 U. lk w ------ ------ 0 Zcr. Lu w A c -ix c Z ---- ----- LU z 0 ----------- ----------- ---- 44 -r4 ------ 9-1 ----- -- acd rn clm tz rij a) 41 0. @e w 44 Zri) 0 w Z -iZ (A ------------- -j 0 LU LLI< U) Z 0 CL4 co W CL z a -j . CO < Ed U L@ D 0 Lu r- z -4 ---------------- 0$4 U $4 cd0 0Ok cd 0(1) w p PCI 9 Water acreage figures are in terms of surface acres, and include only the freshwater lakes within or adjacent to the parks within the metro of that region. In other words, the total surface acres of water within the metro area (shown in the "Recreation Resource Requirements, 1970-2000" section) ,could conceivably be much greater than the amount presented in this table because there may be water bodies in the metros not within, or adjacent to, a park. Rivers and streams are not included in the water acreage figures. Parks and Acreage by Type of Park Purposes of this table are to statistically compare selected data for four types of urban parks ("DISTRICT," "Cammu- NITY," "SPECIALTY," and "OPEN LAND") existing in the metro area of the region, to comb@ine the data for the four types of parks into one "TOTAL" figure, and to show the "STATEWIDE AVERAGE METROS," which is the average per metro for all metros in the State. For these categories, data selected includes the number of parks, the number of parks per thou- sand population, the number of people per park, the total number of land acres of public parks, the number of acres per thousand population, and the number of people per land acre. Following each table is a brief narrative summarily describing conclusions drawn from the tabled data. In comparing the regional figures with the "STATEWIDE AVERAGE METROS," caution should be exercised in drawing conclusions with respect to the need for additional parks or lands in a particular region. The fact that a region falls below or above the statewide averages may or may not indicate that additional parks or lands are needed. For additional parks and lands needed the reader is referred to Outdoor Recrea- tion in the Urban Areas of Texas: Part I--An Overview. For definitions of the various types of parks, the reader is referred to Appendix A, the Glossary. Immediately following the table and narrative is a map of the metropolitan area entitled "Dispersion of Parks by Type," which shows the location of the various types of parks. Its purpose is to show park dispersion throughout the metro, and it enables one to determine what types of parks are needed in the different areas of the metro. (See "Recreation Resource Requirements, 1970-2000.") Park and Recreation Facilities by Type of Park This table presents detailed information on the number and types of facilities available in three types of urban parks (district, community, and specialty-- open land parks are not listed since they, by definition, contain no facilities) and for the three types of parks combined. Additional data included for each type of facility listed is presented under the following columnar headings: � PEOPLE PER UNIT- Computed by dividing the combined population of the region metro by the total number of facilities found in the three types of urban parks in the metro. � UNITS PER THOUSAND REGION 1-37 METROS-- Computed by dividing the total number of facilities in the three types of urban parks in the region metro by the total population of the metro expressed in thousands. � UNITS PER THOUSAND STATEWIDE AVERAGE METROS-- Computed by dividing the total-number of facilities in the three types of urban parks in the metros of the State by the total population, expressed in thousands, in the metros of the State. 12 For those regions bordering the Gulf Coast which have metro areas accessible to saltwater, data for selected facilities is included. The reader is referred to Appendix A for precise definitions of the various types of facilities. Conversion of Facilities to Recreation Opportunities The opportunity days table shows the total annual days of recreation opportunity provided by selected types of facili- ties in the region's metro. Opportunity days are a quantitative measure of the recreation participation that can be satisfied by existing recreation facilities, given the current participation patterns and preferences of urban outdoor recreationists. Opportunity days were computed by multiplying the number of facilities available in 1971 for each activity times the standard for the facility. The terms "current," "present," etc., when used to refer to opportunity days , are referring to the year 1971. (See Appendix C of Part I--An Overview for more information on urban facility standards.) The number of opportunity days per thousand population on a regional metro basis and statewide metro basis are shown in the last two columns. These figures were calculated by dividing opportunity days for the metros by the population of the metros expressed in thousands. It is recognized that, in reality, opportunity days are provided by facilities of activities which are not itemized in the opportunity tables. However, under TORP concepts, opportunity days calculations were limited by three criteria: (1) The activity for which opportunity days were calculated must have statewide significance in terms of the number of participants. (2) The major facility or resource, which provides the opportunity to participate in the activity must be quantifiable. Some activities rank high in terms of total participation, such as driving for pleasure, but the facilities, or resources, necessary for participation are difficult to measure in terms of supply. (3) Opportunity days computed were limited to those activities for which a standard could be developed, i.e., under TORP concepts, those facilities for which sufficient information could be compiled on which to base the standards. The following points should be noted about the opportunity days table: Opportunity days were based on the total supply of publicly-administered recreational facilities available. No adjustments were made for the quality of the facilities. Some facilities were in need of repair and others may even need replacing. Also, the quality of facilities varies over time, depending on maintenance, intensity of use, etc. Consequently, the number of opportunity days provided may fluctuate with variations in facility quality. Opportunity days for surface acres of freshwater lakes were calculated on the basis of the total, number of urban surface acres in the metros (as shown in the "Conversion of Facilities to Recrea- tion Opportunity Days" table) not simply the surface acres within or adjacent to parks (as tabled under "Land and Water Acreage"). EST124ATED CURRENT AND FUTURE PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 Participation for 16 urban activities and the combined activity totals is shown for residents and non-residents for the years 1970, 1975, 1980, 1990, and 2000 in terms of annual activity-days occurring in the metro of the respective inland regions. For those regions bordering the Gulf Coast., participation in saltwater fishing, boating, skiing, and surfing 13 is also shown. Several different methodologies were employed to project participation; these are explained in Appendix C to Part 1--An Overview. The resident participation tables show participation by a resident of a metro participating in an activity in the metro in which he resides. Total annual resident participation is presented in terms of total days, the relative ranking of each activity for each year by total days, average days per household for the metro in the region, and statewide average days per household for metros. Non-resident participation, or that participation by Texas residents not residing in the metro where the participation occurs, is presented in the next set of tables in terms of total annual activity days only. The following points should be noted with regard to curre nt and future participation. � Urban participation includes only participation which occurred while the participant was on a trip. Participation occurring at the participant's home was not included. Participation was counted at. both pAlic and private places as long as it occurred "away from home". � Urban participation by out-of-state residents was not presented because results of the Texas Outdoor Recreation On-Site Survey showed that only about two percent of recreationists at 38 parks located in six urban areas across the State were out-of-state residents. The narrow range of the percentage of out-of-state residents, .6 to 3.1 percent supports the conclusion that out-of-state participation comprises a small proportion of total urban outdoor recreation participation with the possible excep- tion of regional amusement centers such as Six Flags Over Texas, Astroworld, Aquarena, etc. � The terms "current," "present," and similar terms used in the participation tables and narratives refer to the year 1970, even though the verb tense implies a later projection year. 0 Estimated participation for some activities may not be actual participation pursued because projec- tion techniques may have assumed higher levels of supply, or, in other words, estimates of participa- tion measure expected demand, if supply levels are varied, moreso than participation likely to occur based on existing supply levels. only by using varying supply levels can participation figures be calculated most suited to compute resource requirements. This provides an estimate of "what people wuld do if adequate facilities were available" rather than "what people will do using existing facilities, which may be inadequate." � Survey data for some regions indicated no participation occurring for boating, skiing, and boat fish- ing. This was thought to be due to the lack of adequate recreational water resources available, or participation was not large enough to be picked up in sampling techniques. In these cases average urban participation rates, such as the statewide average urban rate or a multi-regional urban partic- ipation rate, were used for projections. This also provides an estimate of "what people would do if adequate facilities were available." � Participation was not projected for archery, sport shooting, horseback riding, and visiting zoos, rodeos, and cultural centers. This was due primarily to the fact that participation in these activities tends to vary considerably across the State, apparently caused by differences in the tastes and preferences of recreationists within the various urban locales. However, for planning purposes, the statewide average rates of participation in the urban areas for each of these activi- ties is presented in Outdoor Recreation in the Urban Areas of Texas: Part I--An Overview. 14 Percentages quoted in narratives referring to changes in participation levels were computed utilizing data shown in the tables. RECREATION RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS, 1970-2000 Of all the data presented in the "Metros" document, information presented in the "Recreation Resource Requirements, 1970-2000" section should be the most valuable to recreation planners having responsibilities for planning recreational development within the retros. Of most interest to the planners are the types and quantity of recreation facilities required to satisfy the needs of the people. Even though existing facility supply levels and projected participation are essential information to the planner, comparisons of the two must be made to produce resource requirement estimates. Only after supply levels and participation have been translated into resource requirements (what facilities are needed in what quantities) can the planner make the decisions, or recommendations, for which he is responsible. Recreation resource requirements were computed for the metros of each region for the years 1970, 1975, 1980, 1990, and 2000. For use as a planning document supplying information to recreation planners, projections for the year 1980 are considered most relevant for planning purposes. The year 1980 is the most realistic time period for most planning entities consid- ering that the final publication date for the 'Netros" is the year 1975. The five years between 1975 and 1980 allow planners a reasonable time to act on the data presented. Also, the longer the projection horizons, the less reliable the projections become simply because unpredictable changes in conditions are more likely over longer periods of time. Consequently, the more distant projection periods, particularly the year 2000, whould be interpreted as reflecting the general trends in participation that are expected. Facilities for which resource requirements were computed include square yards of swimming pools, acres of playgrounds, baseball/softball fields, picnic tables, football/soccer fields, holes of golf, tennis courts, basketball courts, surface acres of freshwater lakes, boat ramps-(freshwater and salt- water), and miles of trails for walking, bicycling, and nature study. Included in the resource requirements section is a map of the metro entitled "Predominant.Ethnic Background and Income Delineations," which shows the different socio- economic subsections of the area. When compared with the "Dispersion of Parks by Type" map in the recreation opportuni- ties section, this map enables one to examine park dispersion in regard to metro subsections characterized by residents of different income and ethnic backgrounds. In determining resource requirements for the metro within a region, a two-stage analysis was conducted. First, resource requirements were calculated by comparing projected participationwith opportunity days available in the metro. If a deficit resulted (participation greater than opportunity days), the deficit was divided by-the standard to determine resource requirements. Second, an analysis of the availability and spatial distribution of recreation opportunities provided by parks and recreation facilities was conducted with consideration given to the economic and ethnic subsections of the metro and the contiguous cities. Also given special attention were the areas expected to undergo rapid population growth and physical expansion in the future. Then, conclusions from the analysis were used to qualify, where necessary, the resource requirements calculated in the first step to compensate for inadequate dispersion of facilities. For example, those subsections and contiguous cities of a metro area which seemed to have relatively few, or no, facilities were singled out, and the suggestion made that they be considered in any future development of facilities. In cases where a surplus existed (opportunity days greater than participation), the resource requirement was simply stated as zero. Appendix C, Part I--An Overview, Outdoor Recreation in the Urban Areas of Texas, provides more detail on the methodology used to calculate resource requirements. 15 The first column of numbers in the resource requirements tables shows the "Total Participation" (resident and non- resident combined), in thousands of days, taking place in the metro of the region. Next follows "1971 Opportunity Days Available," which was explained earlier in the section dealing with recreation opportunities. "Net Opportunity Days" is the difference between total participation and opportunity days, which is either a deficit or a surplus. The last two columns show "Units of Recreation Resources Required." The "Cumulative" column is an additive total of all incre- mental requirements from 1970 up to, and including, the time period being considered. "Incremental" requirements are the number of units needed within a specified time period, assuming that the units of facilities needed for the previous time periods have been provided. In the development of resource requirements, it was assumed that the facility units listed in the resource requirements table satisfied the total demand for the activity, (excluding swimming pools and boat ramps, both of which had adjust- ments made so that the resource requirements reflect the facilities needed to satisfy participation occurring utilizing these type facilities. Miles of trails were also adjusted as shown below.) For instance, it was assumed that everyone who picnics away from home does so at a table, that all child's play away from home takes place at a playground, etc. Resource requirements represent facility development needed in addition to existing facilities, both public and private, within a given area, although the supply, or quantities of recreation opportunities, omitted privately-administered facilities due to the lack of inventory data. The private sector's contributions are insignificant for many of the selected activities; however, in some urban areas and for certain facilities, such as swimming pools, golf courses, tennis courts, etc., contributions by the private sector are significant. Therefore, where the private sector is pro- viding significant quantities of recreation opportunities, the resource requirements may need to be adjusted appropri- ately to reflect these contributions. Lastly, all relevant support facilities should be provided in addition to the major facilities stated in the tables. For example, relevant support facilities for picnic tables might include such items as grills and garbage cans. In considering these resource requirements, the reader should be mindful of the following: Facility needs established by resource requirements should not imply that all of these facilities must be provided by local parks and recreation departments. Recreation resources are also supplied by other entities, such as Federal agencies, private concerns and school systems. Federal agencies provide a minimal amount of outdoor recreation opportunities in the urban areas of Texas. Federal involvement is currently limited to two U. S. Army Corps of Engineers parks; however, expected expansion of the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex could envelop other Corps reservoirs. A wide range of facilities, from tot lots, baseball/softball fields, tennis and basketball courts, to huge stadiums housing football and track fields, have been constructed by school systems ranging in levels from pre-elementary through university. While some schools permit public use of these facilities during non-school hours and on weekends and holidays, many remain closed to the general public. The quantities of these facilities are substantial in number and could satisfy some of the resource requirements if made available to the public. Facilities provided by private or quasi-public con- cerns are also varied and, in some cases, extensive. Included are facilities such as golf courses, baseball/softball fields, tennis courts, and swimming pools. For more information on the roles of the public and private sector in outdoor recreation in Texas the reader is referred to the State Summary and the Roles of the Public and Private Sectors of the TORP. 16 The use of the terms "current," "present," "existing," etc., in the "Recreation Resource Requirements, 1970-2000" narratives when referencing levels of supply or opportunity days available refer to the year 1971; when referencing participation'or resource requirements these terms refer to the year 1970. Resource requirements were not computed for the activities of surfing, sightseeing, and driving for pleasure because of the difficulties involved in quantifying the facilities which satisfy the demand for these activities. � In a few instances, participation occurring in the metro area of a region for some activities may decline from one year to the next. Where this occurred, the resource requirements for that activity were left at the previous highest level, rather than advocate what would amount to removing facilities to meet a lessened demand. � Designated freshwater and saltwater swimming areas may be substituted for swimming poo 1 resource requirements. However, in so doing, total swimming participation (figure in the participation table) should be considered, not the participation figure given in the resource requirement table, which was adjusted to reflect only participation occurring in pools. Further, these substitutions should be made only if it is certain that swimmers would be satisfied with the substitution. � It should be emphasized that surface acre resource requirements take into consideration the combined total participation in boating, water skiing, and fishing from a boat taking place in the metro of a region. � In computing surface acre resource requirements two aspects of freshwater lakes considered were: (1) the availability of the freshwater lakes to support boating, boat fishing, and skiing, and (2) the suitability of the freshwater lakes to support the activities. Concerning availability, it was assumed that all freshwater lake surface acreage reported within the metros was available for the activities of boating, boat fishing, and skiing. This assumption-was made due to the limited data available concerning the availability of lakes for participation in the water-related activities. Exceptions to this assumption are caused by restrictions limiting participation, such as the lake serving as a municipal water supply or the lake is not accessible for use due to a lack of boat launching facilities or roads. Concerning suitability, adjustments were made which took into account those portions of freshwater lakes that would not permit boating, boat fishing, and skiing. Water may be unsuitable to support these activities for reasons such as the size of the lake was too small to accommodate participation in an activity such as'water skiing, portions of the lake near the bank were too shallow to support the activities, too much debris to allow water skiing or boating, or lake too open to provide a high use intensity of quality fishing. Surface acre resource requirements were first computed assuming all acreage was suitable to support the three water-related activities. These figures were then expanded using a statewide suitability adjustment factor for all types of urban.areas, so that the resource requirements printed in the tables are figures which have been adjusted to compensate for portions of the lakes that would be unsuitable to support the activities. In computing freshwater surface acre requirements, it was assumed that all boating, skiing, and boat fishing took place on alake or reservoir, either public or private. Rivers and streams were not considered because of the problems involved in trying to quantify the opportunity days provided by them. However, it is recognized that river or stream participation could be substituted for lake participation, depending upon the preferences of local residents, adequacy and quality of streams for recreation, etc. 17 0 In developing surface acres of fresh water in urban areas, consideration should be given to the proximity of recreational water located in rural areas. In some planning regions the supply of freshwater lakes in the rural areas.provides a surplus of opportunity days. If these are located in close proximity to urban areas, rural lakes might be used to meet some of the demands for urban recreational water. It should be recognized that the development of freshwater lakes within many metros is not feasible. This is due to many factors, some of which the most limiting are the high cost of urban lands needed for lake construction, climatic conditions (extremely high evaporation rates and low annual rainfall rates) and poor soil conditions (soil too permeable to retain water). A criterion of two boat lanes per boat ramp was adopted for the purposes of this volume, since it was found that, statewide, the average amounted to approximately two lanes per ramp. The term 11ramp," as opposed to "lane," is the more commonly used term when referring to the means to launch boats. � If the proper dispersion of boat ramp facilities is to be maintained in those metros having more than one lake within themselves, the resource requirements estimates for boat ramps may have to be exceeded. For example, the boat ramp resource requirements may show that only one ramp is needed, through the year 2000. If the metro area has several lakes widely dispersed, obviously, this one ramp would not provide reasonable access to all the surface acres. Planning should insure that each separate lake has access provided by boat ramps. � In the computation of resource requirements for boat ramps, participation totals for boating, water skiing, and boat fishing were adjusted downward to consider only the estimated proportion of partic- ipation wherein a boat ramp was used. Many recreationists using boats leave their boats in the water until the next time they are used, or may not use a ramp at all. The factor used to adjust participation downward was based on data on the use of boating facilities and came from the 1968 Household Survey. � In calculating resource requirements for the different types of trails, participation data was adjusted downward in order to consider only trails participation taking place at public recreation areas. While this is a different treatment than that of other types of facilities, it was neces- sary because it was found that a substantial amount of participation in these activities takes place at other than designated recreation places, such as streets and sidewalks. For walking, bicycling, and nature study, it was determined from 1968 Household Demand Survey data that .10.5, 4.0, and 20.1 percent, respectively, occurs at park and recreation areas. � The sum of the individual resource requirements for the different types of trails may not agree exactly with the combined total due to rounding. Here, the combined resource requirement was broken into resource requirements for the individual types of trails on the basis of participation because the trails standard combines the activities of walking (hiking), bicycling, and nature study. � In computing resource requirements for trails, horseback riding trails were included in the supply figures to compute opportunity days only if the horseback trail was designed for multiple use. Trails designated for horseback riding only were not included. The purposes of this introduction have been: (1) to show how this document relates to, and forms an integral component of, the entire ten volume Texas Outdoor Recreation Plan, and (2) to provide a synopsis of Part II of the 'Urban Volume relative to structure, format, and contents. Also, this introduction has included facts pertinent to the regional 18 analyses; frequent reference back to this introduction is, therefore, strongly recommended. Although some statements regarding methodologies and data sources have been included, the reader is referred to Appendix C, Part 1--An Overvie of the Urban Volume for more detailed discussions. 19 BELL ST. -SIERN VVESTERH GEOR- ST. MASTER! o $7, H. 0 HUGHES ST. < S.. ST. ST I STEIH ST. > RE 51 DE DRIVE r 0 0 0 REGION 1 REGIONAL DESCRIPTION: AMARILLO METROPOLITAN AREA Although Coronado's expedition came through the area, Amarillo POPULATION htgan much later as a small construction depot for the Fort Worth 1970 Metro Area Population: 127,010 and Denver City Railway in 1887. The dwellings at that time con- Change 1960-70: -8% sisted mostly of buffalo-skin huts, which gave rise to its origi- Race Composition 1/ nal name of Ragtown. The Spanish term for yellow, amarillo, was White ..... 94% - attached to the town when the first permanent buildings were Negro ..... 5% painted "amarillo." Following the railroad men, buffalo hunters, Other ..... 1% and bone collectors, ranchers brought a new stimulus to the area Age Composition (years): and a new industry to Amarillo. 13 or less ..... 27% 14 - 20 .... @. 13% Major events in the Amarillo Metropolitan Area are the Amarillo 21 - 44 ..... 31% Stock Show and Rodeo (January), Greater Southwest Music Festival 45 - 64 ..... 20% (April), the Boy Scout N.J.R.A. Rodeo (spring), Will Rogers 65 and over ..... 9% Range Riders Rodeo (July), Palo Duro Canyon Trail Ride (August), Tri-State Fair (September)., Southwest Championship Auto Races ECONOMY (Labor Day weekend), and the National Hot Rod Association World Agribusiness Finals (October). Clothing Oil Products Amarillo College is a municipal-owned junior college. Cultural Sand, Gravel and Cement and economic attractions often exist side-by-side in the metro- politan area. The Bibins Memorial Library features rare books on Panhandle history; the Nielsen Memorial Museum contains Western, Spanish and Indian artifacts, including an outstanding gun collection; and, Colony Catherine is a world-acclaimed artist colony that includes both working and living areas for several artists. Amarillo's air terminal has the second longest municipal runway in the United States. The world's largest cattle auction is held here weekly. A helium monument commemorates the rare gas which is found more abundantly here than anywhere else in the world. The world's largest natural gas development is located here. Pipelines from the Amarillo Metropolitan Area connect many large cities and thousands of towns all the way to the Atlantic seaboard. The fine arts are represented in Amarillo by the Little Theater, Symphony Orchestra, Civic Ballet, and Guild of Organists. Aaharillo is the county seat of Potter County and is a major trade and financial outlet for valuable agricultural pro- ducts of the region. I/ includes persons of Mexican and/or Spanish descent. 21 REGION 1 CITY SIZE: METRO P U B L I C L Y A D M I N I S T E R E D R E C R E A T 1 0 N 0 P P 0 R T U N I T I E S LAND AND WATER ACREAGE' ACRES REGION STATEWIDE 1 AVERAGE METRO METRO AREAS 48% Developed Land 1,050 1,307 REGION Undeveloped Land 1,148 536 1 METRO Totaltand 2,198 1,843 52% Water Within or Adjacent 55 1,006 Total Land and Water 2,253 2,849 FM DEVELOPED LAND UNDEVELOPED LAND Amarillo has a total of 2,198 acres of land set aside as park and recreation-areas. In addition, 55 surface acres of water either within or adjacent to these parks were reported. 71% Of the total land acreage, 1,050 acres are developed STATEWIDE with facilities leaving 1,148 acres available for future AVERAGE development. With only 48 percent of the land acreage METRO AREAS currently developed, Amarillo is well below the Statewide Metro average of 71 percent. 29% 717- (FF 22 REGION CITY SIZE: METRO PARKS AND ACREAGE BY TYPE OF PARK STATEWIDE DISTRICT COMMUNITY SPECIALTY OPEN LAND AVERAGE PARK PARK PARK- PARK TOTAL METRO AREAS Number of Parks 9.000 25.000 5.000 9.000 48.000 72.000 Parks Per Thousand .071 .197 .039 .071 .378 .267 People Per Park 14,112.000 5,080.000 25,402.000 14,112.000 2,646.000 3,754.000 ................................................. ........................................... .................... Land Acres 563.000 230.000 261.000 1,144.000 2,198.000 1,843.000 Acres Per Thousand 4.433 1.811 2.055 9.007 17.306 6.864 People Per Acre 226.000 552.000 487.000 111.000 58.000 146.000 More than one-half of the 48 parks in Amarillo are Community Parks. Eighteen others are divided between District and Open Land Parks with the remaining five being Specialty Parks. The land acreage in Open Land Parks consists of approximately one-half of the total park acreage for Amarillo. Another quarter is in District Parks with the remaining quarter divided almost evenly between Community and Specialty Parks. The dispersion of the four types Pf urban parks are depicted graphically in the accompanying map titled "Dispersion of Parks by Type." Looking at the total park and acreage figures in relation to the population of Amarillo, .378 parks per 1,000 and 17.306 acres per 1,000 population exist. Another way to present this data is that 2,646 people share each park while 58 people share each acre of park land. With .378 parks per 1,000,.Amarillo ranks well above the Statewide Metro average. However, the 17.306 acres per 1,000 gives Amarillo a figure almost three times that of the Statewide Metro average for acres per 1,000. 23 0 o o c C/) 0 z m -0 0 _0 m m z 2 33 > > c > z 0 z z > 0 :0 -n cn co BELL BELL ST WE5TE N sl I WE TERN 0 0 0 C, 0 0 0 0 ST 0 @A STEP 013 vs.iYoN ST N z p o ROSS F C) OSAGE r] sr v- 0 0 z m "-h CD > GRAND 0 M ST m 0 0 > C EAS z @\ 0 N, o r 0 LAKESIDE DRIVE > Z > m r r 0 0 0 o 1, , rT cL IT, REGION 1 CITY SIZE: METRO PARK AND RECREATION FACILITIES BY TYPE OF PARK UNITS PER THOUSAND DISTRICT COMKUNITY SPECIALTY PEOPLE REGION STATEWIDE TYPE OF FACILITY PARK PARK PARK TOTAL PER 1 AVERAGE (UNITS) (UNITS) (UNITS) UNITS UNIT METRO METRO AREAS Games and Sports: Parks .......................... 8 25 1 34 3,736 .268 .150 Tennis Courts .................. 27 15 0 42 3,024 .331 .142 Basketball Courts .... o ............. 10 40 0 50 2*540 .394 .071 Baseball/Softball Fields ...... ;.... 24 80 2 106 1:198 .835 .186 Football/Soccer Fields ............. 11 50 0 61 2,082 .480 .032 Picnicking: Parks .............................. 8 25 0 33 3,849 .260 .124 Tables ............................. 117 50 0 167 761 1.315@ 1.230 Playground: Parks ............................... 6 25 2 33 3,849 .260 .170 Acres Developed .................... 6 11 5 22 5,773 .173 Swimming: Parks ........................ 2 1 0 3 42,337 024 .050 Pools (Sq. Yd.) .................... 4,000 400 0 4,400 29 34.645 25.950 Designated Fresh Water (Sq. Yd.) ... 0 0 0 0 --- --- 52.242 Boating: Parks .............................. 0 0 0 0 --- .006 Ramp Lanes - Fresh Water ... o ....... 0 0 0 0 --- .008 Camping: Parks ............... oo .......... 0 0 0 0. --- .002 Campsites .................. o ....... 0 0 0 .0 --- --- .121 Fishing: Parks .............................. 2 0 0 2 63,505 .016 .013 Pier/Barge/Marina-Fresh Water (Yd.) 0 .0 0 0 --- --- .049 Golfing: Courses ............................ 0 0 1 1 127,010 o008 .005 Holes ...................... o........ 0 0 27 27 4,704 .213 .100 Trails: Parks .............................. 2 0 0 2 63,505 .016 .006 Nature (Mi.) ..... o .............. : ... 0 0 0 0 --- --- o009 Horseback (Mi.) ........... o.... ... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .003 Bicycle (Mi.) ......... o ............ 0 0 0 0 --- .007 Hiking (Mi.) ..................... o. 5 0 0 5 25,402 .039 .006 Total Trails (Mi.) ................. 5 0 0 5 25,402 .039 .021 25 REGION 1 PARK AND RECREATION FACILITIES BY TYPE OF PARK CITY SIZE: METRO UNITS PER THOUSAND DISTRICT COMMUNITY SPECIALTY PEOPLE REGION STATEWIDE TYPE OF FACILITY PARK PARK PARK TOTAL PER 1 AVERAGE (UNITS) (UNITS) (UNITS) UNITS UNIT- METRO METRO AREAS Sport Shooting: Parks ............................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .002 ,Traps .....e ....................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .002 Shooting Targets .................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .004 Archery Targets ................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .011 Miscellaneous: Parks ............................. 2 2 1 5 25,402 .008 .038 Amphitheatre Seats ....... o ........ 200 50 0 250 508 1.969 1.077 Botanical Gardens (Acres) ......... 1 0 0 1 127,010 .008 .077 Zoos (Acres) ...................... 0 0 2 2 63,505 .016 .051 Comunity/Recreation Centers ...... 0 1 0 1 127,010 .008 .038 The developed park and recreation facilities in Amarillo are about equally divided between the District and Community Park categories, with very few facilities in Specialty Parks. The only parks with fishing water available or with trails facilities are District Parks, while the only golf course is located in a Specialty Park. Of the 48 parks, 34 have facilities for games and sports, 33 have playgrounds and 33 have picnic facilities. The most common types of games and sports facilities are baseball/softball with 106 fields, followed by football/soccer with 61 fields, basketball with 50 courts and tennis with 42 courts. Looking at selected facilities in relation to the number of potential users we find the following: 127,010 persons for each community/recreation center 2,540 persons for each basketball court 25,402 persons for each mile of trails 2,082 persons for each football/soccer field 5,773 persons for each acre of playground 1,198 persons for each baseball/softball field 4,704 persons for each golf hole 761 persons for each picnic table 3,024 persons for each tennis court 29 persons for each square yard of swimming pool Amarillo is above the Statewide Metro average for facility units per 1,000 for tennis courts, basketball courts, baseball/ softball fields, football/soccer fields, picnic tables, square yards of swimming pools, golf holes, trail miles, and amphitheatre seats. Amarillo is below the average for playground acres, acres of botanical gardens, zoo acreage and community/recreation centers. No designated fresh water swimming area, boat ramp lanes, campsites, yards of fishing pier/barge/marina or sport shooting facilities were reported. 26 REGION 1 CONVERSION OF FACILITIES TO RECREATION OPPORTUNITY DAYS CITY SIZE: METRO Current opportunity days for 1971 were calculated by multiplying the number of facilities available for each activity in the metro area (determined from the Texas Outdoor Recreation Inventory of Parks, Recreation Areas, and Facilities) times the standard for the facility. DAYS PER THOUSAND POPULATION ANNUAL REGION STATEWIDE DAYS I AVERAGE ACTIVITY-FACILITY AVAILABLE METRO METRO Swimming (Pools) - square yards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 660,000 5,197 3,891 Child's Play - playground acres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 607,706 4,785 7,137 Baseball/Softball - fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,463,224 11,521 2,577 Picnicking - tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284,234 2,228 2,093 Football/Soccer - fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440,664 3,470 235 Golf - holes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109,269 860 414 Tennis - courts, double . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113,148. 891 384 Basketball - courts, full . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439,750 3,463 625 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW - surface acres . . . . . . 22,943 181 2,962 Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW - boat ramps . . . . . . . . 0 0 103 Trail Activities: Combined Walking, Bicycling, and Nature Study - miles . . . . 42,320 333 164 The Amarillo Metro Area offers the most opportunity days for baseball/ softball, followed by swimming (in pools), child's play and f ootball/ soccer. A comparison between the opportunity days per thousand population for the Amarillo Metro Area and the Statewide Metro average shows that the Amarillo Metro Area surpasses the statewide average for seven of the activity types -- swimming (in pools), baseball/softball, picnicking, football/soccer, golf, tennis, basketball, and trails activities. The Amrillo Metro Area is below the Statewide Metro average for child's play, and surface acres for freshwater boating, boat fishing and skiing, with no opportunity days available for freshwater boat ramps. 27 REGION 1 ESTIMATED CURRENT AND FUTURE PARTICIPATION, 100-2000 CITY SIZE: METRO The eleventh ranking metro area, based on population, Amarillo also ranked eleventh in total participation for the year 1970. Estimates for 1970 indicate that residents and non-residents in the area spent over 4.6 million recreation days in pursuit of urban outdoor recreation opportunities available within the metro area. Resident Total days of participation in urb'an outdoor recreation activities by the residents of the Amarillo Metropolitan Area were estimated to be 4.4-million days in 1970. Total participation is expected to increase to 6.1 million days in 1975 and to 7.8 million days in 1980. These projections represent increases of 37.7 percent in 1975 and 77.3 percent in*1980. Participation on a household basis is expected to increase 31.5 percent and 63.5 percent over the 1970 level for the years of 1975 and 1980, respectively. These percentages represent increases of 33 days in 1975 and 34 days in 1980. In comparison to other metropolitan areas in Texas, the residents of the Amarillo Metropolitan Area are expected to participate at a rate of 18, 23, and 30 days per household below the average for 1970, 1975, and 1980, respectively. Both the total days of participation and the days per household are expected to increase through the year 2000, but days per household will remain below the statewide average for all metropolitan areas. In 1970, the six most popular activities, based on total participation@, were estimated to be bicycling, walking, swim- ming, child's play, driving for pleasure, and golf. The relative ranking of these six activities is expected to remain constant through 1980. All 16 activities will increase in total participation days and in days per household through the year 2000. Non-Resident Participation in urban outdoor recreation activities within the Amarillo Metropolitan Area by non-residents was esti- mated to total 189,000 days for the activities specified for 1970. Compared to the 1970 level, total participation is projected to increase 10 percent (to 208,000 days) by 1975, and 19.6 percent (to 226,000 days) by 1980. Similar increases are anticipated through the years 1990 and 2000. Of the specific activities for which estimates were developed, the most popular activities by non-residents for 1970 were: sightseeing, with 64,000 days; driving for pleasure, with 43,000 days; picnicking, with 24,000 days, child's play, with 223,000 days; fishing, with 12,000 days; and swimming, with 10,000 days. Assuming adequate facilities are made available, all activities, as specified, are expected to increase at a moderate rate through the year 2000, with sightseeing, driving for pleasure, picnicking, child's play, fishing, and swimming retaining their ranking one through six, respectively. 28 REGION 1 CURRENT AND PROJECTED RESIDENT PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS (OOO'S OF ANNUAL ACTIVITY DAYS) 1970 1975 1980 1990 2000 STATE- STATE- STATE- STATE- STRE- REG. 1 WIDE REG. I WIDE REG. I WI DE REG. I WIDE REG. I WIDE METROS METROS METROS METROS METROS METRUS METROS METROS METROS METROS PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE ACTIVITY DAYS RANK DAYS/H DAYS/11H DAYS RANK DAYq/HH DAYS/HH DAYS RANK DAYS/HH DAYS/HH DAYS RANK DAYS/HH DAYS/HH DAYS RANK DAYS/HH DAYS/HH Swimming 634 3 14.88 27.41 741 3 16.60 36.52 864 3 18.70 47.17 1,149 4 23.43 75.28 1,302. 4 28.23 110.14 Child's Play 597 4 14.01 14.08 719 4 16.11 17.72 850 4 18.39 22.00 1,158. 3 23.61 32.20 1,367 3 29.64 43.99 Baseball/Softball 94 8 2.21 2.78 115 10 2.58 3.19 136 10 2.94 3.59 179 11 3.65 4.41 207 11 4.49 5.22 Picnicking 191 7 4.48 5.72 222 7 4.97 5.66 253 7 5.47 5.66 319 9 6.50 5.61 357 9 7.74 5.64 Football/Soccer 21 14 .49 1.43 22 15 .49 1.42 23 15 .50 1.41 25 15 .51 1.39 24 15 .52 1.38 Golf 194 6 4.55 3.92 230 6 5.15 4.98 267 6 5.78 6.16 350 8 7.14 8.96 398 8 8.63 12.07 Tennis 51 11 1.20 6.06 54 13 1.21 9.21 56 13 1.21 11.49 61 13 1.24 16.07 57 14 1.24 21.46 Basketball 47 12 1.10 1.60 141 8 3.16 2.59 242 8 5.24 3.57 459 6 9.36 5.52 622 5 13.49 7.53 Walking 937 2 21.98 18.21 1,381 2 30.95 23.09 1,844 2 39.90 29.20 2,837 2 57.84 39.89 3,495 2 75.78 50.31 Bicycling 945 1 22.17 20.30 1,600 1 35.85 32.77 2,290 1 49.56 45.25 3,774 1 76.95 68.44 4,812 1 104.33 95.49 Nature Study 11 16 .26 .72 12 16 .27 1.67 12 16 .26 2.64 13 16 .27 4.63 12 16 .26 6.70 Fishing 77 10 1.81 1.80 84 11 1.88 1.88 91 12 1.97 1.97 105 12 2.14 2.13 106 12 2.30 2.30 Boating 38 13 .89 .88 71 12, 1.59 1.60 107 11 2.32 2.31 183 10 3.73 3.74 238 10 5.16 5.17 Skiing 18 15 .42 .42 28 14 .63 .62 38 14 .82 .82 60 14 1.22 1.22 75 13 1.63 1.81 Surfing --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- Sightseeing 78 9 1.83 2.25 132 9 2.96 2.34 193 9 4.18 2.50 365 7 7.44 2.70 606 6 13.14 3.01 Dr. for Pleas. 471 5 11.05 13.38 513 5 11.50 13.52 542 5 11.73 13.67 605 5 12.34 13.86 597 7 12.94 14.10 TOTAL 4,404 103.33 120.96 6,065 135.90 158.78 7,808 168.97 199.41 11,642 237.37 286.05 14,275 309.52 386.32 CURRENT AND PROJECTED NON-RESIDENT PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 TOTAL CURRENT AND PROJECTED PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 (OOO'S OF ANNUAL ACTIVITY DAYS) (OOO'S OF ANNUAL ACTIVITY DAYS) ACTIVITY 1970 1975 1980 1990 2000 ACTIVITY 1970 1975 1980 1990 -2000 Swimming 10 11 12 14 16 Swimming 644, 752 876 1,163 1,318 Child's Play 22 25 27 32 36 Child's Play 619 744 877 1,190 1,403 Baseball/Softball 4 4 4 5 6 Baseball/Softball 98 119 14D 184 213 Picnicking 24 27 29 35 40 Picnicking 215 249 282 354 397 Football/Soccer 8 9 10 12 14 Football/Soccer 29 31 33 37 38 Golf 2 2 2 2 2 Golf 196 232 269 352 400 Tennis Tennis 51 54 56 61 57 Basketball Basketball 47 141 242 459 622 Walking Walking 937 1,381 1,844 2,837 3,495 Bicycling Bicycling 945 1,600 2,290 3,774 4,812 Nature Study Nature Study 11 12 12 13 12 Fishing 12 13 14 17 19 Fishing 89 97 105 122 125 Boating Boating 38 71 107 183 238 Skiing Skiing 18 28 38 60 75 Surfing --- --- --- --- --- Surfing --- --- --- --- --- Sightseeing 64 70 76 91 104 Sightseeing 142 202 269 456 710 Dr. for Pleas. 47 52 62 70 Dr. for Pleas. 514 560 594 667 667 TOTAL 189 208 226 270 307 TOTAL 4,593 6,273 8,034 11,912 14,582 Note: Asterisks indicate that projected annual activity days were less than 500. Dashes indicate not applicable. Zeros indicate that the activity was not ranked due to insignificant participation days recorded. 29 i REGION I R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 Estimates of urban outdoor recreation resource requirements were developed for the Amarillo Metropolitan Area for the years 1970, 1975, 1980, 1990, and 2000 by comparing currenrl/ and projected recreation participation with the current recreation opportunities.Z/ available* in the metro. In addition, the availability and spatial distribution of recrea- tion opportunities provided by parks and recreation facilities were analyzed with respect to subsections of the Amarillo Metro characterized by residents having similar incomes and ethnic backgrounds. Particular attention was given to those subsections expected to undergo relatively rapid population growth and physical expansion in the future. Conclusions reached from analyzing the distribution of recreation opportunities within the metropolitan area were used to qualify resource requirement estimates where a less than adequate distribution appeared to exist. In the discussions that follow, results of the distribution analysis of parks within subsections of the Amarillo Metro Area are presented. Then, estimates of current and future requirements for selected recreation facilities are presented for the metropolitan area and are qualified by conclusions reached from the distribution analysis of recreation facili- ties within subsections of the Amarillo Metro. PARK DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS In analyzing the availability and distribution of parks in the Amarillo Metro Area, several characteristics were con- sidered: changes in population (or trends, in general, 1960 to 1970), areas of the metro which were expected to exhibit relatively major expansion, and the dispersion of existing parks among the income/ethnic subsections of the metro. From these interrelated characteristics general conclusions were reached with respect to future park developments for the metro area. Population trends affected estimations of future recreation participation. Projections of population growth for Amaril- lo's Metro Area indicated that the 1970 population of 127,010 would almost double to about 210,000 persons by the year 2000. In addition, information provided by urban recreation planners of the area shows that major directions of future urban expansion are expected to occur (illustrated by arrows of decreasing size on the following map, titled "Predomi- nant Ethnic Background and Income Subsections") in the southwest-- between Interstate Highways 27 and 40; in the most northern portions-- in general vicinity of State Highways 87 and 287; and in the southeast-- around Interstate Highway 40. 1/ "Current" participation refers to levels of participation by type of selected recreation activity which were estimated for the year 1970. 2/ "Current" recreation opportunities refers to computed figures derived from the numbers of publicly-administered facil- ities by type available within the metro area in 1971. 30 REGION 1 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 The "Predominant Ethnic Background and Income Subsections" map shows ten subsections, as delineated by local recrea- tional planners from Amarillo, which characterize homogenous residential or demographic patterns by two major socio- economic factors. As illustrated by that map, the eastern one-third of the metro comprised two subsections of predomi- nantly low-income Anglo residents separated by Third Avenue. The southwestern third of the metro was populated predomi- nantly by middle-income Anglo residents, although there were two high-income Anglo subsections within this third of the metro. There was one subsection in northern Amarillo which was also predominantly middle-income Anglo. The remaining four subsections of the metro were made up of one subsection each populated predominantly by low-income Blacks (north- west central), middle-income Blacks (north central), low-income Mexican Americans (@outheast central), and middle- income Mexican Americans (south of 1-40, east of U.S. 60 and 87). The "Dispersion of Parks by Type" map shows the geographic distribution of parks in the Amarillo Metro Area. Among the ten subsections, community and district parks appeared to be adequately. distributed throughout Amarillo. Although two subsections-- the middle-income Anglo subsection in the far north and the high-income Anglo subsection in the far west had no parks of any type, specialty parks were located in the north central and south central subsections indicat- ing that future developments of specialty parks (i.e., those parks with one facility or a concentration of one type facility) should be considered in the eastern and southwestern subsections. Open land parks were concentrated in the southern half of the metro. If resources permit, the entire northeastern one-third of the metro should be considered for additions of this type park when practical. Overall, it appeared that attention should.be given to the development of additional parks in the northern, northeastern, eastern, southeastern, and southwestern portions of the metro area. In addition to maintaining an adequate dispersion of parks in all portions of the metro area, the provision of different types of recreational facilities in parks is also an important consideration. An analysis of the current and future requirements for selected recreational facilities and the current dispersion of facilities in the Amarillo Metro Area is .presented in the following discussions. FACILITY REQUIREMENTS AND DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS As mentioned previously, requirements for selected recreational facilities (see the following table) were calculated for the years 1970, 1975, 1980, 1990, and 2000. Then, an analysis of the dispersion of existing facilities among the predominant income/ethnic background.subsections and the major growth areas of the metro was conducted. Conclusions reached from the facility dispersion analysis were then used to qualify the facility requirement estimates, particularly in those cases where no additional facilities were estimated as being needed within the metropolitan area. Usually, special note is made where growth areas appeared to.have limited facilities. The methodology used to calculate facility, requirements in general is explained in Appendix C, Part I--An Overview of the Urban Volume. In the discussion that follows, resource requirements for recreational facilities are generally referred to by units of the most important feature necessary to allow participation. For example, when a requirement is shown for swimming pools, features such as a bathhouse, cleaning and filtering system, and other support features are implied when a requirement for the major facility is shown. 31 0 0 0 DE]EM, 1323a Momfl,-E KZ 00 o2 zo, a 'o > @i @z z z z z z z a > > > > > > 0 ;0.1 K>D z z z > > Z Z 0 nm zA 9'. 0 z lo > >,om , I , I, c > > n a > > 0 z z z z z Z CZ > c C > ME z oo 0 0 c > z Im 0 10 .......... .................. ........ ........ WESTERN --".LE ST4R@ .......... .... ........ . . ................ . ...... .. . . .... ...... ST A A A > XA Y\ xl@ x A Y\ 14 > XX X.M.: 5 .......... CL ............ OSAGE % 0 ....... . ... ... . . . ...... % ie 3 0 m x :::*::,X.: 0 EAS 0 c E 0 z M z Le) a U) c 0 cn - - - - - - - - - - c m 0 00 Cn m U3 z 0 :r 0 LAKE SIDE DRIVE jo, 00 tD -- 3 > z C/)0 C 0 7% > m r -0 0 r, o 00 0 - (D 0 REGION 1 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 Swimming Amarillo had 4,400 square yards of public swimming pools in 1971. Each square yard (unit) was estimated to provide 150 days of swimming opportunity per year, which yielded an estimated 660,000 opportunity days. To determine if there was a surplus or deficit of opportunity, estimated participation days for 1970 and estimated opportunity days were compared. For swimming there appeared to be a surplus of opportunity in 1970, but relatively substantial deficits were shown in each planning year thereafter. By 1975 the Amarillo Metro Area was estimated to require an additional 313 square yards of pools. Cumulative 1980 requirements were estimated at 1,793 square yards. By 1990 cumulative requirements should increase to 2,887 square yards and by the year 2000 Amarillo is projected to reach an additional 3,860 square yards above the 1971 supply. Only two parks were shown to have public swimming facilities in 1971, and they were located in northwest central and southeast central Amarillo, in predominantly middle-income Black and low-income Anglo neighborhoods, respectively. This may indicate that additional facilities were needed, especially in the eastern and western extremities of the metro with special considerations given to the more rapidly expanding residential sections in the southwest and southeast. Child's Play In 1971, Amarillo had twenty-two acres of playground, divided among thirty-three parks within the metro boundary. Mul- tiplying the twenty-two acre units by the playground standard (each acre was calculated to provide 27,623 days of recre- ation opportunity per unit per year), resulted in an estimated 608,000 annual opportunity (potential participation) days. Annual opportunity days were then compared with t 'he forecasted participation days, as shown in the Amarillo resource requirements table for the planning horizon years 1970, 1975, 1980, 1990, and 2000. Playground area deficits were apparent for all planning periods except 1970. The cumulative requirement for 1975 was five additional acres above the existing (1971) twenty-two acres. Requirements will grow incrementally by 5 acres, 11 acres, and 8 acres in the remain- ing planning horizon years, respectively, to a total cumulative requirement of 29 acres by the year 2000. Therefore, if all the playground areas expected to be required by the year 2000 are constructed, the total combined available play- ground area within the metro area should be approximately fifty-one acres (twenty-two acres available in 1971 combined with the cumulative requirement of 29 acres). Since the existing playgrounds were relatively well distributed in 1971, additions of playgrounds should be similarly dispersed with emphasis placed on the major growth areas. Baseball/Softball With an existing 106 public baseball/softball fie lds providing approximately 1.5 million total opportunity days (the facility standard utilized was 13,804 opportunity days provided per field each Year), the Amarillo Metropolitan Area appeared to have a sufficient quantity of- fields to meet the activity requirements of their baseball/softball recrea- tionists through the year 2000, However, since most of these facilities were located in only two of the ten socio- economic subsections, further local analysis may be required to insure an adequate distribution. 33 REGION I R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 Picnicking There were 167 publicly-administered picnic tables in the Amarillo Metro Area in 1971. At 1,702 days of opportunity per table per year (standard), the existing tables provided approximately 284,000 days annually. Although the existing number of tables was expected to provide adequate overall opportunity through 1980, additional tables will be required .in the years 1990 and 2000. A total of 41 tables will be needed by the year 1990, and an additional 25 tables will be needed in 2000, bringing the cumulative requirement to 66 tables by the year 2000. The distribution analysis of picnick- ing facilities indicated good dispersion among the existing populace; however, as the metro area grows, provision of additional tables in growth areas should be considered. Football/Soccer Each of the sixty-one football/soccer fields in the Amarillo Metro Area provided on the average 7,224 days of opportunity annually. In total this amounted to approximately 441,000 available opportunity days per year in 1971, which was esti- mated to be an adequate number of opportunities to meet requirements for these activities through the year 2000. Although a dispersion analysis was not possible from available information, consideration should be given to providing an equitable distribution relative to growth areas and the various income-ethnic subsections. Golf Ross Rogers Municipal Golf Course, the only publicly-administered course in Amarillo, provided twenty-seven holes of golf in,1971. Using the urban golf standard, each golf hole was shown to be capable of providing 4,047 days of recrea- tion opportunity annually. Amarillo golfers, then, had about 109,000 days of opportunity provided by public courses in 1971. Comparing the expected participation for the projection years with the available opportunity days shows that the golfers would have required an additional twenty-one holes (at least one eighteen-hole course or two nine-hole courses) in 1970. Incrementally, additions of 9, 10, 20, and 12 holes will be required in the years 1975, 1980, 1990, and 2000, respectively, to meet expected increases in golfing participation. As a general rule, golf facilities are constructed in multiples of nine holes or eighteen holes; therefore, by the year 2000 the Amarillo Metro Area will need eight ,additional nine-hole courses (72 holes), or four eighteen-hole courses,' or some appropriate combination which considers local resources. Tennis The 113,000 opportunity days provided by the forty-two tennis courts available in 1971 (each court can make available about 2,694 days of opportunity per year) apparently were adequate to meet facility requirements of Amarillo tennis players through the year 2000. Although dispersion of these facilities cannot be discerned from available data, it is important that an adequate distribution be considered in current and future planning efforts. 34 REGION 1 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E X E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS, 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 Basketball Based on an urban basketball standard of 8,795 opportunity days per year per court, the fifty basketball courts in the Amarillo Metro Area provided approximately 440,000 opportunity days in 1971. By comparing available opportunity days with estimated participqtion for each projection year, as expressed in the Amarillo Recreation Resource Requirement table, it was apparent that the fifty courts that were available should be sufficient to meet expected metro needs through 1980. By 1990, 2 courts should be added, and by the year 2000, 19 more, bringing the cumulative total to 21 courts by 2000. Dispersion analysis of basketball facilities could not be accomplished with available data, but ade- quate distribution is an important consideration. Trails Activities A comparison of expected participation for walking, bicycling, and nature study occurring in the park and recreation areas with opportunity days provided by the current supply of trails in the Amarillo Metropolitan Area indicated that approximately eleven miles of combined trails should have been added to the existing five miles of trail in 1971. Given the expected growth in the trails activities participation, incremental additions of 9 additional miles are projected for 1975, 9 more miles in 1980, 19 miles in 1990, and 13 miles in 2000. Overall, a total of sixty-one miles of com- bined trails should be added to the existing five miles by the year 2000 to meet expected participation levels. A relatively small proportion of the total participation in trail and related activities was estimated to take place in publicly-administered park and recreation areas. It is likely, however, that as additional trail facilities are pro- vided, the relative proportion of total participation will increase at these recreation areas. Thus, the above esti- mates of additional resources required may be conservative in the long run and should be considered as minimum esti- mates. In addition to the expectations for increases in participation in trail and related activities at publicly- administered park and recreation areas, it is clear that the major proportion of walking, bicycling, and nature study is occurring in places other than established recreation areas. The majority of this participation is most likely taking place in local neighborhoods, on city streets, and on available open lands within the area. This phenomenon has direct policy implications with respect to the provision of sidewalks within currently existing and newly develop- ing neighborhoods, the development of a system of bike lanes in high use areas, and the provision of adequate open space and green belt areas within the metro area. Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing Surface Acres - Freshwater Lakes (Boating, BoatFishing, Skiing) A total of fifty-five freshwater surface acres was located within the Amarillo Metro Area in 1971. Because of the limited area of freshwater available for skiing, no participation was reported for that activity in Amarillo in the Texas Outdoor Recreation Household Demand Survey. Using participation patterns of households recreating in the urban areas, it was estimated that boating would have totaled 38,000 days, boat fishing 19,000 days, and skiing 18,000 days 35 REGION 1 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 2 0 0 0 for a total of 75,000 days in 1970 if adequate freshwater lakes had been available. A comparison of estimated partici- pation with the opportunities provided by the surface acres available in 1971 indicated that incremental resource requirements were expected to expand from an additional 125 acres needed in 1970 to 105 acres in 1975, 115 acres in 1980, 245 acres in 1990, and 168 acres in the year 2000. This brings the cumulative resource requirement to an addi- tional 758 surface acres by the year 2000. Freshwater Boat Ramps No publicly-administered freshwater boat lanes were reported for the Amarillo Metro Area in 1971. By estimating the 1970 total freshwater boat fishing, skiing, and boating participation which would have occurred using freshwater boat ramp facilities to gain access to the water if ramps were available, it was calculated that two boat ramps were needed in 1970. Projected increases in freshwater boat fishing, skiing, and boating participation were expected to generate a requirement for one additional freshwater boat ramp in 1975, one in 1980, three in 1990 and two in the year 2000, bringing the cumulative resource requirement to nine ramps in the year 2000. Since boa@ ramps are the most frequently used means by which boaters, skiers, and boat fishermen gain access to freshwater lakes, the provision of freshwater surface acres and freshwater boat ramps required should be planned as joint projects, even though, in some cases, this may require the construction of boat ramps prior to the years reflected in the boat ramp resource requirement projec- tions. Summary of Facilities Requirements The only type of public facility which was not provided at all within the Amarillo Metro Area in 1971 was freshwater boat ramps. Although facilities were provided for all other designated urban activities in 1971, additional facilities were required in every planning year for golf holes, miles of trail, and surface acres of freshwater. Additional public swimming pools and playgrounds were estimated to be required beginning in 1975, while additional picnic tables and basketball courts were estimated to be required beginning in 1990. The 1971 supply of baseball fields, football/soccer fields, and tennis.courts were projected to be adequate, for the metro as a whole, through the year 2000. Additional facilities should consider the distribution of existing facilities, relative to growth areas and income/ethnic subsections. 1/ In calculating freshwater boat ramp resource requirements the assumption was made that each boat ramp has two lanes: Supply'figures listed in the "Park and Recreation Facilities by Type of Park" table and quoted in the narratives are in terms of single lanes. 36 REGION RECREATION RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS TOTAL 1971 OPPORTUNITY NET OPPORTUNITY DAYS PARTICIPATION DAYS AVAILABLE (000's OF UNITS OF RECREATION (000-S OF (000-S OF ACTIVITY DAYS) RESOURCES REQUIRED YEAR ACTIVITY ACTIVI DAYS) ACTIVITY DAYS) DEFICIT SURPLUS CUMULATIVE INCREMENTAL Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 605 660 55 0 square yards-2/ 0 square yards-2/ Child's-Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 619 608 11 <1 acre <1 acre Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 98 1,463 1,365 0 fields 0 fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 284 69 0 tables 0 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 441 412 0 fields 0 fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196 109 87 21 holes 21 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51. 113 62 0 courts, dbl. 0 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 440 393 0 courts, full 0 courts, full 1970 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 75 23 52 125 surfaS@ acres 125 surfac7 acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 57 0 57 2 ramps@ 2 rampsi Trails*Activities: Walking ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 4/ 8 miles 8 miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 @/ 3 miles 3 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24/ <1 mile <1 mile Combined Walking, Bicycling, Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 138 4/ 42 96 11 miles 11 miles ACTIVITY Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 707 l/ 660 47 313 square yardsV 313 square yardsV Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 744 608 136 5 acres 5 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 119 1,463 1,344 0 fields 0 fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 284 35 0 tables 0 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 441 410 0 fields 0 fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232 109 123 30 holes 9 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 113 59 0 courts, dbl. 0 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 440 299 0 courts, full 0 courts, full 1975 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 119 23 96 230 surfac acres 105 aurfj@e acres mp r37 Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 88 0 88 3 ra I ramP__ Trails Activities; Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 4/ 14 miles 6 miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 4/ 6 miles 3 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24/ <1 mile 0 miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, 4/ 42 169 20 miles 9 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 211 - 37 REGION I RECREATION RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS TOTAL 1971 OPPORTUNITY NET OPPORTUNITY DAYS PARTICIPATION DAYS AVAILABLE (000-S OF UNITS OF RECREATION (OOOTS OF (000-S OF ACTI ITY DAYS) RESOURCES REQUIRED YEAR ACTIVITY ACTIVITY DAYS) ACTIVITY 21YS) DEFICIT SURPLUS CUMULATIVE INCRI24ENTAL Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 823 660 163 1,793 square yardsv 1,480 square yards!/ Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 877 608 269 10 acres 5acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 140 1,463 1,323 0fields 0fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282 284 2 0tables 0tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 441 408 0fields 0fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 109 160 40 holes 10 holes Tennis 56 113 57 0courts, dbl. 0courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242 440 198 0courts, full 0courts, full Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 167 23 144 345 surfac acre 115 surfa@e acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 121 0 121 4ramp 37 1ra.P3 Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 20 miles 6miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 4/ 9miles 3miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24/ <1 mile 0miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 288 4/ 42 246 29 miles 9miles ACTIVITY Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 1,093 660 433 2,887 square yards-2/ 1,094 square yardsV Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 1,190 608 582 21 acres 11 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 184 1,463 1,279 0fields 0fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354 284 70 41 tables 41 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 441 404 0fields 0fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352 109 243 60 holes 20 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 113 52 0courts, dbl. 0courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459 440 19 2courts, full 2courts, full 1990 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 269 23 246 590 surfac7 acres 245 surfj@e acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW 191 0 19l 7ramp s 3ramp- Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298 32 miles 13 miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 4/ 16 miles 6miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34/ <1 mile 0miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 452 4/ 42 410 48 miles 19 miles 38 REGION RECREATION RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS TOTAL 1971 OPPORTUNITY NET OPPORTUNITY DAYS PARTICIPATION DAYS AVAILABLE (OOO'S OF UNITS OF RECREATION (OOO'S OF (OOO'S OF ACTIVITY DAYS) -RESOURCES REQUIRED YEAR ACTIVITY ACTIVITY DAYS) ACTIVITY DAYS) DEFICIT SURPLUS CUMULATIVE INCREMENTAL Swimming (Pools) ... . . . . . . . . . 1,239 660 579 3,860 square yards-21 973 square yards-z' Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 1,403 608 795 29 acres 8acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 213 1,463 1,250 0 fields 0fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397 284 113 66 tables 25 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 441 403 0 fields 0fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400 109 291 72 holes 12 holes Tennis . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . 57 113 56 0 courts, dbl. 0courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 622 440 182 21 courts, full 19 courts, full 2000 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 339 23 316 758 surfaS7 acres 168 surfas7 acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 240 0 240 9 ramps- 2ramps@ Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366 40 miles 8miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 4/ 21 miles 5miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 <1 mile 0miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 560 4/ 42 518 61 miles 13 miles 1/ Includes only swimming participation occurring in swimming poo ls, 94 percent of the total in urban areas. _@/ Designated freshwater swimming areas may be substituted for swimming Poole . When making substitutions consider total swimming participation. Assumes 2.0 lanes per ramp. Reflects estimated participation occurring in park and recreation areas; does not include participation occurring outside park and recreation areas. Of the total walking, bicycling, and nature study participation it was determined that 10.5, 4.0, and 20.1 percent, respectively for each activity, occurs in park and recreation areas. 39 0, .0 E. I > o@ -D AVE. SLIDE WAD RIDE wAD 7A .LAS. AVE. cr cr .DI-A AVE. IRDIAMA AVE. ARY AVE. LWVE S." AVE. UNMRSITYAVE AVE!, Q is: on @c TE.S -3111. AVE. H AVE. H AVE A AVE, A V.AS. 0 AVE. URT AVE. QUIRT AVE, o o L REGION 4 REGIONAL DESCRIPTION: LUBBOCK METROPOLITAN AREA Lubbock, the county seat of Lubbock County, is a relatively new POPULATION city in Texas. Originally two tiny communities, the present 1970 Metro Area Population: 149,101 town was incorporated in 1909, with much of its growth resulting Change 1960-70: +16% from the development of irrigated cotton farming in the South Race Composition l/ Plains. It is now the nation's third largest inland market for White ..... 9276--- cotton and the world's largest cottonseed crushing center. It Negro ..... 7% also serves as a marketing and shipping point for surrounding Other ..... 1% areas. Age Composition (years): 13 or less 27% Located in Lubbock is Texas Technological University, the third 14 - 20 ..... 17% largest state university in Texas, and the largest university 21 - 44 ..... 3 4% campus in the world. On campus is the West Texas Museum, with 45 - 64 ..... 16% emphasis on South Plains pioneer days. Ranch Headquarters, an 65 and over ..... 6% outdoor museum developed in cooperation with Texas Tech and part of the West Texas Museum, has gained the recognition of the ECONOMY American Revolution Bicentennial Commission as an illustration Agriculture of the continuing ideals and principles of the American Processing Plants Revolution. Lubbock Christian College and the Texas A&M Agricultural Research and Extension Center are also located in the town. Reese Air Force Base Pilot Training Center is just west of Lubbock. Lubbock hosts the Panhandle-South Plains Fair (September), the Coaches' All American Football Game (June), Texas Tech Intercollegiate Rodeo (April), the Southwest Junior Livestock Show (March), and the American Kennel Club Dog Show (January). Lubbock is one of the State's leading cultural centers with activities such as the Lubbock Symphony Orchestra, Lubbock Theatre Center, Hayloft Dinner Theatre, the Moody Planetarium at the Museum, And the Garden and Arts Center. l/ Includes persons of Mexican and/or Spanish descent. 41 REGION 4 CITY SIZE: METRO P U B L I C L Y A D M I N I S T E R E D R E C R E A T 1 0 N 0 P P 0 R T U N I T I E S LAND AND WATER ACREAGE ACRES REGION STATEWIDE 4 AVERAGE METRO METRO AREAS 62% Developed Land 1,055 1,307 REGION Undeveloped Land 651 536 4 METRO Total Land 1,706 1,843 38% Water Within or Adjacent 72 1,006 Total Land and Water 1,778 2,849 DEVELOPED LAND UNDEVELOPED LAND Lubbock has a total of 1,706 acres of land set aside as park and recreation areas. In addition, 72 surface acres of water either within or adjacent to these parks were reported. 71% Of the total land acreage, 1,055 acres are developed STATEWIDE with facilities, leaving 651 acres available for future AVERAGE development. With 62 percent of the land acreage currently developed, Lubbock is below the Statewide Metro METRO AREAS average of 71 percent. 29% 42 REGION 4 CITY SIZE: METRO PARKS AND ACREAGE BY TYPE OF PARK STATEWIDE DISTRICT COMMUNITY SPECIALTY OPEN LAND AVERAGE PARK PARK PARK PARK TOTAL METRO AREAS Number of Parks 5.000 17.000 5.000 13.000 40.000 72.000 Parks Per Thousand .034 .114 .034 .087 .268 .267 People Per Park 29,820.000 8,771.000 29,820.000 11,469.000 3,728.000 3,754.000 ................................................................................................................. Land Acres 832.000 156.000 59.000 659.000 1,706.000 1,843.000 Acres Per Thousand 5.580 1.046 .396 4.420 11.442 6.864 People Per Acre 179.000 956.000 2,527.000 226.000 87.000 146.000 Of the 40 parks in Lubbock, the majority are either Community or Open Land Parks with 17 and 13 respectively. The remaining 10 parks are equally divided between District and Specialty Parks. However, the acreage figures show that almost one-half of the total land acreage is in District Parks followed closely by the total acreage for Open Land Parks. The 17 Community Parks total only 156 acres while the 5 Specialty Parks consist of 59 acres of park land. The dispersion of the four types of urban parks are depicted graphically in the accompanying map titled "Dispersion of Parks by Type." Looking at the total park and acreage figures in relation to the population of Lubbock, .268 parks per 1,000 and 11.442 acres per 1,000 population exist. Another way to present this data is that 3,728 people share each park while 87 people share each acre of park land. With .268 parks per 1,000, Lubbock just about matches the Statewide Metro average. The 11.442 acres per 1,000 gives Lubbock a figure almost twice that of the Statewide Metro average for acres per 1,000, 43 0 0 * o o o a) 0 > -0 a 0 Fn z m m K -0 z 2 K m > > > z z c -u 0 M > > > :3 CD W SLIDE ROAD SLIDE ROAD 0 z QUAKER AVE 0 13 QUAKER AVE cr co cr 0 INDIANA AVE INDIANA AVE, 0 N. 0 GARY FLINT AVE@ Q 0 0 UNIVEISITY AVE J@ C UNIVERSIry AVE 0 0 % 0 0 0 0 AVE. AVE p A-f z N AVE N c 300- TEXAS AVE. 3a CD AVE. H AVE. H a) 0 0 @,)M- 1 00-1 3z @c AVE A AVE A N ASH AVE. 0 z OUIRT AVE m QUIRT AVE. > > > 0.! REGION 4 CITY SIZE: METRO PARK AND RECREATION FACILITIES BY TYPE OF PARK UNITS PER THOUSAND DISTRICT COMMUNITY SPECIALTY PEOPLE REGION STATEWIDE TYPE OF FACILITY PARK PARK PARK TOTAL PER 4 AVERAGE (UNITS) (UNITS) (UNITS) UNITS UNIT METRO METRO AREAS Games and Sports: Parks ............................... 5 17 2 24 6,213 .161 .150 .Tennis Courts ...................... 6 13 0 19 7,847 .128 .142 Basketball Courts ............. 1 4 0 5 29,820 .034 .071 Baseball/Softball Fields ...... 13 9 1 23 6,483 .154 .186 Football/Soccer Fields ............. 2 0 0 2 74,551 .013 .032 Picnicking: Parks .............................. 5 16 3 24 6,213 .161 .124 Tables .............................. 25 20 6 51 2,924 .342 1.230 Playground: Parks .............................. 4 15 0 19 7-,847 .128 .170 Acres Developed ..................... 10 22 0 32 4,659 .215 .258 Swimming: Parks ......................... 4 2 0 6 24,850 .040 .050 Pools (Sq. Yd.) ............... 2,938 855 0 3,793 39 25.456 25.950 Designated Fresh Water (Sq. Yd.)... 0 0 0 0 --- --- 52.242 Boating: Parks .............................. 1 1 0 2 74,551 .013 .006 Ramp Lanes - Fresh Water ........... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .008 Camping: Parks .............................. 1 0 0 1 149,101 .007 .002 Campsites .......................... 82 0 0 82 1,818 .550 .121 Fishing: Parks .............................. 4 1 2 7 21,300 .047 .013 Pier/Barge/Marina-Fresh Water (Yd.) 0 0 0 0 --- .049 Golfing: Courses ............................ 1 0 0 1 149,101 .007 .005 Holes .............................. 27 0 0 27 5,522 .181 .100 Trails: Parks .............................. 1 0 0 1 149,101 .007 .006 Nature (Mi.) ....................... 10 0 0 10 14,910 .067 .009 Horseback (Mi.) .................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .003 Bicycle (Mi.) ...................... 17 0 0 17 8,771 .114 .007 Hiking (Mi.) ....................... 0 0 0 0 --- .006 Total Trails (Mi.) ................. 27 0 0 27 5,522 .181 .021 45 REGION 4 PARK AND RECREATION FACILITIES BY TYPE OF PARK CITY SIZE: METRO UNITS PER THOUSAND DISTRICT COMMUNITY SPECIALTY PEOPLE REGION STATEWIDE TYPE OF FACILITY PARK PARK PARK TOTAL PER 4 AVERAGE (UNITS) (UNITS) (UNITS) UNITS UNIT METRO METRO AREAS Sport Shooting: Parks ............................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .002 Traps ............................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .002 Shooting Targets .................. 0 0 0 0 --- .004 Archery Targets ................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .011 Miscellaneous: Parks ............................. 4 13 0 17 8,771 .114 .038 Amphitheatre Seats ................ 0 0 0 0 --- --- 1.077 Botanical Gardens (Acres) ......... 96 0 0 96 1,553 .6,44 .077 Zoos (Acres) ...................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .051 Community/Recreation Centers ...... 4 13 0 17 8,771 .114 .038 Most of the developed park and recreation facilities in Lubbock occur in the Community and District Parks, with games and sports, picnicking and fishing the only types of facilities in the 5 Specialty Parks. All of the facilities for trails, golf and camping are in the District Park category. It should be noted that these facilities are all in MacKenzie State, Park, which is administered by the City of Lubbock. Ten miles of nature trails and 17 miles of bicycle trails were reported. Seven parks have fishing waters available and two parks have boating available although no boat ramps, fishing piers, barges or marinas were reported. Of the 40 parks', 24 have facilities for games and sports and 24 for picnicking, 19 have playgrounds, and 17 have community/recreation centers. The most common types of games and sports facilities are baseball/softball with 23 fields, followed by tennis with 19 courts, basketball with 5 courts and football/soccer with two fields. Looking at selected facilities in relation to the number of potential users we find the following: 74,551 persons for each football/soccer field 5,522 persons for each mile of trails 29,820 persons for each basketball court 4,659 persons for each acre of playground 8,771 persons for each community/recreation center 2,924 persons for each picnic table 7,847 persons for each tennis court 1$818 persons for each campsite 6,483 persons for each baseball/softball field 39 persons for each square yard of swimming pool 5$522 persons for each golf hole Lubbock is above the Statewide Metro average for facility units per 1,000 only for campsites, golf holes, trail miles, acres of botanical gardens and community/recreation centers, while falling below the average for tennis courts, basket- ball courts, baseball1softball fields, football/soccer fields, picnic tables, playground acres and square yards of swimming pools. No designated fresh water swimming area, boat ramp lanes, yards of fishing pier/barge/marina, sport shooting facilities, amphitheatre seats or zoo acreage were reported. 46 REGION 4 -CONVERSION OF FACILITIES TO RECREATION OPPORTUNITY DAYS CITY SIZE: METRO Current opportunity days for 1971 were calculated by multiplying the number of facilities available for each acti vity in the metro area (determined from the Texas Outdoor Recreation Inventory of Parks, Recreation Areas, and Facilities) times the standard for the facility. DAYS PER THOUSAND POPULATION ANNUAL REGION STATEWIDE DAYS 4 AVERAGE ACTIVITYs-FACILITY AVAILABLE METRO METRO Swimming (Pools) - square yards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 568,950 3,818 3,891 Child's Play - playground acres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 883,936 5,932 7,137 Baseball/Softball - fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317,492 2,131 2,577 Picnicking - tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86,802 583 2,093 Football/Soccer - fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,448 97 235 Golf - holes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109,269 733 414 Tennis - courts, double . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,186 344 384 Basketball - courts, full . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,975 295 625 Water7Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW` - surface acres . . . . . . 632407 426 2,962 Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW - boat ramps . . . . . . 0 0 103 Trail Activities: Combined Walking, Bicycling, and Nature Study - miles . . . . 228,528 1)534 164 The Lubbock Metro Area offers the most opportunity days for child's play, followed by swimming (in pools), baseball/ softball and the trails activities. A comparison between the opportunity days per thousand population for the Lubbock Metro Area and the Statewide Metro average shows that the Lubbock Metro Area surpasses the statewide average for two of the activity types -- golf and the trails activities. The Lubbock Metro Area is below-the Statewide Metro average for swimming (in pools), child's play, baseball/softball, picnicking, football/soccer, tennis, basketball, and surface acres for freshwater boating, boat fishing and skiing, with no opportunity days available for freshwater boat ramps. 47 REGION 4 ESTIMATED CURRENT AND FUTURE PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METRO The tenth ranking metro area, based on population, Lubbock also ranked tenth in total participation for the year 1970. Estimates for 1970 indicate that residents and non-residents in the area spent over 5.3 million recreation days in pursuit of urban outdoor recreation opportunities available within the metro area. Resident Total days of participation in urban outdoor recreation activities by the resident of the Lubbock Metropolitan Area, for the 16 activities shown, was estimated to be 4.6 million days in 1970. Total participation is expected to in- crease to 7.4 million days in 1975 and to 10.9 million days in 1980. As compared to the 1970 level, this represents an increase of 59.5 percent by 1975 and 134.3 percent by 1980. On a days per household basis, total participation is projected to increase from 99.3 days in 1970 to 136.4 days in 1975, and to 174.8 days in 1980 (increases of 37.4 and 76.0 percent, respectively). The residents of the Lubbock Metropolitan Area, in comparison of other metropolitan areas in Texas, are expected to participate at a rate of 24, 25, and 28 days per household below the average for 1970, 1975, and 1980, respectively. For the more distant years of 1990 and 2000, both total days of participation and days per household are expected to increase, but days per household will remain below the statewide average for all metro- politan areas. Projections for specific activities indicate that each of the 16 activities will increase in total days of participa- .tion through the years 1975 and 1980. On a. days per household basis, participation is expected to increase in the 16 activities by 1980. Based on total days of participation, the six most popular activities in 1970 were: bicycling, swimming, driving for pleasure, walking, child's play, and picnicking. Participation in walking is expected to increase substantially, replacing driving for pleasure as the number three activity by 1980. The six most popular activities in the Lubbock Metropolitan Area in 1980 are expected to be: bicycling, swimming, walking, child's play, driving for pleasure, and basketball, in that order. Non-Resident When considering participation in urban outdoor recreation activities in 1970, a total of 684,000 days of participa- tion, was recorded by non-residents inthe Lubbock Metropolitan Area. As compared to the 1970 level, total partici- pation is expected to increase 11.7 percent to 764,000 days by 1975 and 23.8 percent to 847,000 days by 1980. This trend of increased participation is expected to continue through the years 1990 and 2000. The estimates for 1970 indicate that the top six ranked activities, in order of popularity, were sightseeing pic- nicking, child's play, swimming, football, and driving for pleasure with totals of 158,000, 129,000, 86,000, 80,000, 79,000, and 77,000 days, respectively. It is anticipated that all 16 activities listed in the tab.1- will increase in participation through the year 2000, while retaining their relative positions in popularity. 48 REGION 4 CURRENT AND PROJECTED RESIDENT PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: MET90S (OOO'S OF ANNUAL ACTIVITY DAYS) 1970 STATE- 1975 STATE- 1980 STATF 1990 STATE- 2000 STATE- REG. 4 WIDE REG. 4 WIDE REG. 4 WIDE REG. 4 WIDE REG. 4 WIDE METROS METROS IMETROS METROS METROS METROS METROS METROS METROS METROS PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE ACTIVITY DAYS RANK DAYS/HH DAYS/HH DAYS RANK DAYS/HH DAYS/HH DAYS RANK DAYS/HH DAYS/HH DAYS RANK DAYS/HH DAYS/HH DAYS RANK DAYS/HH DAYS/H11 Swimming 866 2 18.53 27.41 1,272 2 23.44 36.52 1,804 2 29.01 47.17 3,531 2 42.57 75.28 5,889 2 58.92 110.14 Child's Play 602 5 12.88 14.08 848 4 15.63 17.72 1,177 4 18.93 22.00 2,218 4 26.74 32.20 3,604 4 36.06 43.99 Baseball/Softball 79 10 1.69 2.78 105 10 1.94 3.19 136 11 2.19 3.59 224 12 2.70 4.41 325 12 3.25 5.22 Picnicking 234 6 5.01 5.72 288 6 5.31 5.66 349 8 5.61 5.66 519 8 6.26 5.61 693 9 6.93 5.64 Football/Soccer 76 11 1.63 1.43 89 12 1.64 1.42 103 14 1.66 1.41 138 15 1.66 1.39 168 15 1.68 1.38 Golf 200 7 4.28 3.92 279 7 5.14 4.98 377 7 6.06 6.16 667 7 8.04 8.96 1,018 7 10.19 12.07 Tennis 60 13 1.28 6.06 81 14 1.49 9.21 107 15 1.72 11.49 187 13 2.25 16.07 282 13 2.82 21.46 Basketball 70 12 1.50 1.60 237 8 4.37 2.59 449 6 7.22 3.57 1,075 6 12.96 5.52 1,868 5 18.69 7.53 Walking 629 4 13.46 18.21 1,019 3 18.78 23.09 1,500 3 24.12 29.20 2,886 3 34.79 39.89 4,544 3 45.46 50.31 Bicycling 872 1 18.66 20.30 1,916 1 35.31 32.77 3,231 1 51.96 45.25 7,070 1 85.24 68.44 11,847 1 118.53 95.49 Nature Study 16 16 .34 .72 59 15 1.09 1.67 115 13 1.85 2.64 279 11 3.36 4.63 487 11 4.87 6.70 Fishing 84 9 1.80 1.80 102 11 1.88 1.88 122 12 1.96 1.97 177 14 2.13 2.13 230 14 2.30 2.30 Boating 41 14 .88 .88 87 13 1.60 1.60 144 10 2.32 2.31 310 10 3.74 3.74 517 10 5.17 5.17 Skiing 20 15 .43 .42 34 16 .63 .62 51 16 .82 .82 101 16 1.22 1.22 162 16 1.62 1.81 Surfing --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- Sightseeing 150 8 3.21 2.25 210 9 3.87 2.34 283 9 4.55 2.50 512 9 6.17 2.70 812 8 8.12 3.01 Dr. for Pleas. 640 3 13.69 13.38 775 1 14@28 13.52 920 5 l4m79 13.67 I.,3_1 3 5 15m83 13.86 1 6,78 6 16*79 14.10 TOTAL 4,639 99.27 120.96 7,401 136.40 158.78 10,868 174.77 199.41 21,207 255.66 286.05 34,124 341.40 386.32 CURRENT AND PROJECTED NON-RESIDENT PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 TOTAL CURRENT AND PROJECTED PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 (OOO-S OF ANNUAL ACTIVITY DAYS) (000-S OF ANNUAL ACTIVITY DAYS) ACTIVITY 1970 1975 1980 1990 2000 ACTIVITY 1970 1975 1980 1990 2000 Swimming 80 90 100 125 141 Swimming 946 1,362 1,90@ 3,656 6,030 Child's Play 86 96 106 133 150 Child's Play 688 944 1,283 2,351 3,754 Baseball/Softball 2 2 2 2 3 Baseball/Softball 81 107 138 226 328 Picnicking 129 144 160 199 225 Picnicking 363 432 509 718 918 Football/Soccer 79 88 98 122 138 Football/Soccer 155 177 201 260 306 Golf 27 31 34 42 48 Golf 227 310 411 709 1,066 Tennis Tennis 60 81 107 187 282 Basketball 5 6 6 8 9 Basketball 75 243 455 1,083 1,877 Walking 2 2 3 3 4 Walking 631 1,021 1,503 2,889 4,548 Bicycling Bicycling 872 1,916 3,231 7,070 11,847 Nature Study 2 2 2 3 3 Nature Study 18 61 117 282 490 Fishing 22 24 27 33 38 Fishing 106 126 149 210 268 Boating 11 12 13 17 19 Boating 52 99 157 327 536 Skiing 4 4 5 6 7 Skiing 24 38 56 107 169 Surfing --- --- --- --- --- Surfing --- --- --- --- Sightseeing 158 177 196 245 276 Sightseeing 303 387 479 757 1,088 Dr. for Pleas. _77 86 95 119 134 Dr. for Pleas. -717 861 1,015 1,432 1,812 TOTAL 684 764 847 1,057 1,195 TOTAL 5,323 8,165 11,715 22,264 35,319 Note: Asterisks indicate that projected annual activity days were less than 500. Dashes indicate not applicable. Zeros indicate that the activity was not ranked due to insignificant participation days recorded. 49 REGION 4 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 2 0 0 0 Estimates of urban outdoor recreation resource requirements were developed for the Lubbock Metropolitan Area for the years 1970, 1975, 1980, 1990, and 2000 by comparing current-11 and projected recreation participation with the current recreation opportunities-2/ available in the metro. In addition, the availability and spatial distribution of recrea- tion opportunities provided by parks and recreation facilities were analyzed with respect to subsections of the Lubbock Metro characterized by residents having similar incomes and ethnic backgrounds. Particular attention was given to those subsections expected to undergo relatively rapid population growth and physical expansion in the future. Conclusions reached from analyzing the distribution of recreation opportunities within the metropolitan area were used to qualify resource requirement estimates where a less than adequate distribution appeared to exist. In the discussions that follow, results of the distribution analysis of parks within subsections of the Lubbock Metro are presented. Then, estimates of current and future requirements for selected recreation facilities are presented, and are qualified by conclusions reached from the distribution analysis of recreation facilities within subsections of the Lubbock Metro Area. PARK DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS In analyzing the availability and distribution of parks in the Lubbock Metro, several characteristics were considered: changes in population (or trends in general, 1960 to 1970), areas of the metro which were expected to undergo rela- tively major expansion, and the dispersion of existing parks among the income/ethnic subsections of the metro. From these interrelated characteristics, general conclusions were reached with respect to future park developments for the metro area. Population trends affected estimations of future recreation participation. Lubbock has more than doubled in population since 1950. Projections of population growth for the metro area indicate that rapid growth is.likely to continue to the year 2000 when a population of 318,000 is projected. The major direction of growth is expected to be toward the west and southwest, as illustrated by the arrows on the accompanying map, titled "Predominant Ethnic Background and Income Subsections." Urban planners reported sixteen income/ethnic subsections in 1971. Generally, these subsections were stratified in an east/west direction. The southeastern part of the metro was populated predominantly by low-income Blacks, I/ "Current" participation refers to levels of participation by type of selected recreation activity which were esti- mated for the year 1970. 2/ "Current" recreation opportunities refers to computed figures derived from the numbers of publicly-administered facilities by type available within the metro area in 1971. so REGION 4 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 2 0 0 0 while the northeastern and uppermost northwestern parts were predominantly low-income Anglos. A very large middle- income Anglo section was interspersed in the central, south central part of the metro and along the southern metro boundary. Middle-income Mexican-Americans dominated a subsection along! either side of Erskine Street in north central Lubbock. High-income Anglo subsections were scattered throughout the western and southwestern parts of Lubbock; two high-income Anglo subsections were identified along the north central metro boundary. A small high-income Black sub- section was located in the southeastern portion of the metro south of 19th Street and east of Quint Avenue. These subsections are expressed graphically on the "Predominant Ethnic Background and Income Subsections" map. The urban parks reported in the Lubbock Metro Area for 1971 appeared to be well distributed within the circumference of Loop 289. Only two income-ethnic subsections were completely devoid of parks of any kind and these were: the smaller of the two high-income Anglo subsections in the north central portion of the metro and the high-income Black subsection in the east central portion of the metro near the.Brazos River. Around the metro periphery, i.e., outside of Loop 289, there appeared to be only two open land parks in the large north central low-income Anglo subsection and one open land park in the middle-income Anglo area southeast of the loop near Avenue H. Otherwise, approximately the eastern one- quarter of the metro including the major portions of the two low income Anglo and Black subsections east of Quint Ave- nue had three parks combined. Given the reported array of parks by type only specialty parks appeared inadequately distributed. When selecting sights for future developments, considerations should be given to providing parks having recreational facilities outside of the loop giving particular attention to the major growth areas. In addition to maintaining an adequate dispersion of parks in all portions of the metro area, the provision of different types of recreational facilities in parks is also an important consideration. An analysis of the current and future requirements for selected recreational facilities and the current dispersion of facilities in the Lubbock Metro is pre- sented in the following discussions. FACILITY REQUIREMENTS AND DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS As mentioned previously, requirements for selected recreational facilities (see the following table) were calculated for the years 1970, 1975, 1980, 1990, and 2000. Then, an analysis of the dispersion of existing facilities among the predominant income/ethnic background subsections and the major growth areas of the metro was conducted. Conclusions reached from the facility dispersion analysis were then used to qualify the facility requirement estimates, parti- cularly in those cases where no additional facilities were estimated as being needed within the metropolitan area. Usually, special note is made where growth areas appeared to have limited facilities. The methodology used to cal- culate facility requirements in general is explained in Appendix C, Part 1-4n Overview of the Urban Volume. In the discussion that follows, resource requirements for recreational facilities are generally referred to by units of the most important feature necessary to allow participation. For example, when a requirement is shown for swimming pools, features such as a bathhouse, cleaning and filtering system, and other support features are implied whena requirement for the major facility is shown. 51 fm 0) 0 0. 5z cz 'T o o o 5@ 0, Or. OK OK OK 0. a z > > > 'z >z z z 0 @o -0 > z > > > " E -> " > X I >z n>) >z -zo 0 0 > > > z z z 2 z z > c > c K > K 5 P z 1>1 go 0 .A > 00 m z T 10 Oil .......... . ... ....... FRANK .............. ....... c 0 > (n '0 E/) .......... 0 c ............ 0 CD .... ........ (D c -0 ...... LO 7@ ........... ........... .............. ............. .. ..... ............ ....... ... ............. . . QUAKER AVE, -0 ....... ........ . ..... . .... ... .... ....... ... ........ 0 cr cr NDIANA AVE, ... ..... .. ........ co . ............ :-.*&::: % -FUP;T A-VT- en ;X@X X .... ........... M ............ ---------- - -%% . . ...... . .......... :-.% -:.. - ----------- - g. ........... % ... AVE, AY AVE, ...... .... 0 OD __AVE H A . ........... _@VE@ A 0 ............ .............. REGION 4 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: NETROS 1 9 7 0 2 0 0 0 Swimming In 1971, the Lubbock Netropolitan Area reported 3,793 square yards of public swimming pools which, when multiplied by the facility standard of 150 days per year per square yard, provided approximately 569,000 days of opportunity. Demand. was estimated to be about 889,000 participation days in 1970, or 320,000 days more than the 1971 supply. Accordingly, an estimated 2,133 additional square yards were required in 1970 to satisfy this deficit. An additional 2,607 square yards of pools will be required by 1975 bringing the cumulative requirement to 4,740 additional square yards above the 1971 supply. The cumulative requirements will increase to 8,140 square yards in 1990, to 19,120 square yards in 1990, and to 33,993 square yards by the year 2000. The major areas where public swimming pools were unavailable'were in the south and the west portions of the metro. In particular, the areas luded those south of 50th Street and west of Quaker Avenue. Two other areas which also seemed to have inadequate swiicing opportunities were in the central part of Lubbock within a one mile radius of. 19th and Ave- nue Q and in the southeast within a one mile radius of 50th and Avenue A. Child's Play Given a facility standard of 27,623 days per year per acre of developed playground, the thirty-two acres enumerated in 1971 provided approximately 884,000 days of opportunity for that year. This supply level was considered adequate to accommodate the estimated 688,000 days of participation in 1970. However, by 1975 an additional two acres were required to satisfy an estimated demand of 944,000 participation days. Assuming that these two additional acres were provided, a requirement of twelve more acres by 1980 will be necessary to satisfy an estimated demand of 1,283,000 participation days. The cumulative requirement increases to fifty-three acres over the 197l.supply level in 1990, and to 104 acres by the year 2000. With the exceptions of the southeast'; generally an area bound on the south by 82nd Street, on the west by Avenue H, on the north by 34t1v Street, and on the east by Highway 331; the southwest; west of Quaker Avenue and south of 34th Street; and the area west of Slide Road, playgrounds appeared to be well dispersed in 1971. In addition to these areas, addi- tional playground facilities should probably be considered for growth areas. Baseball/Softball The twenty-three baseball fields reported in 1971 provided a combined total of approximately 317,000 days of opoor- tunity, given a conversion standard of 13,804 days per year per field. Estimates of demand for this activity suggest that the 1971 supply level should be adequate to the year 2000, when one additional field will be required. Although dispersion analysis was not possible from available information, consideration should be given to providing an equi- table distribution relative to growth areas and the various income-ethnic subsections. 53 REGION 4 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 Picnicking The Lubbock Metro area reported fifty-one public picnic tables in 1971. Using the facility standard of 1,702 days per year per picnic table, the 1971 supply amounted to approximately 87,000 opportunity days. A comparison of opportunities with estimated participation indicated a deficit of 276,000 opportunity days. A total of 162 additional tables was thus required to meet the 1970 requirements. Incremental increases of 41 tables in 1975, 45 tables in 1980, 123 tables in 11990, and 117 tables in the year 2000, will be needed to meet the demand in those respective years. A cumulative total of 488 additional tables should be needed in the Lubbock Metro by the year 2000. Picnic tables appeared to be evenly distributed in 1971. When increasing the supply of picnic tables, consideration should be given to areas experiencing rapid growth. Football/Soccer In 1971 the Lubbock Metropolitan Area reported a total of two public football/soccer fields which, when multiplied by the facility standard of 7,224 days per year per field, provided approximately 14,000 days of opportunity. With a 1970 estimated demand of 155,000 participation days, twenty additional fields would have been needed to satisfy demand. If the 1971 supply level remained unchanged, the cumulative resource requirement increases from 20 additional fields in 1970, to 23 additional fields in 1975, to 26 additional fields in 1980, to 34 aaditional fields in 1990, and to 40 fields above the 1971 level by the year 2000. A dispersion analysis of football/soccer fields could not be accomplished using 1971 data, nevertheless, additional fields should be located so as to maximize access to potential users. Golf The twenty-seven hole public golf course enumerated in 1971 provided an estimated 109,000 opportunity days as compared with an estimated demand of 227,000 participation days in 1970. Thus, in order to satisfy the 118,000 days deficit, a total of twenty-nine additional holes was required in 1970. On the other hand, if the 1971 supply level remained at twenty-seven holes, then the cumulative resource requirement was calculated to increase to 50 additional holes in 1975, and should increase to 75 holes over the 1971 level by 1980, to 148 golf holes in 1990, and to 236 holes by the year 20006 Owing to the general scarcity of public courses in most areas of the metro, additional courses should be located so as to maximize access to users. Tennis There were nineteen public tennis courts in the Lubbock Metro Area in 1971. With a standard of 2,694 days per year per tennis court, these courts provided a combined total of 51,000 days of opportunity, which was slightly below the esti- mated demand of 60,000 participation days'. Accordingly, three additional courts were needed in 1970 to accommodate the 1970 demand. With the 1971 supply level of nineteen courts taken as a base, the cumulative r .equirements for subsequent planning years were 11 courts by 1975 and 21 courts by 1980. The cumulative resource requirement has been projected to increase to 50 courts over the 1971 supply level in 1990 and to 86 courts by the year 2000. Available information for 1971 did not permit a dispersion analysis of tennis courts; however, additional courts should be located so as to maxi- mize access to users. 54 REGION 4 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 Basketball With a conversion standard of 8,795 days per year per court, the five public basketball courts enumerated in 1971 provided a combined total of 44,000 opportunity days. However, demand for this,activity was estimated at 75,000 participation days, requiring four additional courts in 1970. The demand for basketball facilities is projected to increase rapidly, and thus require fourty-seven additional courts over the 1971 supply level in order to satisfy demand in 1980. The cumulative requirement has been projected to reach 118 courts in 1990, and 208 courts by the year 2000. A dispersion analysis of basketball courts could not be accomplished with 1971 supply data; however, additional courts should be located so as to maximize access to users. Trails Activities The twenty-seven miles of trail enumerated in 1971 provided approximately 229,000 opportunity days, given a conversion standard of 8,464 days per year per mile of trail. This level of opportunities was substantially above the estimated 105,000 participation days in 1970; thus, no additional miles of trail were needed in 1970. The surplus was expected to continue into 1975; however, by 1980 the rapid rise in demand is expected to require an additional ten miles of trail for that year. The cumulative requirement has been projected to increase to 49 miles of trail, over the 1971 .supply level, in 1990; and to 97 miles by the year 2000. A relatively small proportion of the total participation in trail and related activities was estimated to take place in publicly administered park and recreation areas. It is likely, however, that as additional trail facilities are provided, the relative proportion of total participation will increase at these recreation areas. Thus, the above estimates of additional resources required may be conservative in the long run and should be considered as minimum estimates. In addition.to the expectations for increases in participation in trail and related activities at publicly administered park and recreation areas, it is clear that the major proportion of walking, bicycling, and nature study. is occurring in places other than established recreation areas. The majority of this participation is most likely tak- ing place in local neighborhoods, on city streets, and on available open lands within the area. This phenomenon has direct policy implications with respect to the provision of sidewalks within currently existing and newly developing neighborhoods, the development of a system of bike lanes in high use areas, and the provision of adequate open space and green belt areas within the metro area. Water-Related Activities:- Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing Surface Acres - Freshwater Lakes (Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing) A total of 152 surf ace acres of freshwater lakes was located within the Lubbock Metro Area in 1971. Because of the limited freshwater available for skiing, no participation was reported in the.Texas Outdoor Recreation Household 55 .REGioN 4 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E RE QUIRE MENTS CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 Demand Survey. Using participation patterns of households recreating in the urban areas, it was estimated that boat- ing would have totaled 52,000 days, boat fishing 22,000 days, and skiing 24,000 days for a total.of 98,000 days in 1970 if adequate freshwater lakes had been available. A comparison of estimated participation with the opportunities provided by the surface acres existing in 1971 indicated that incremental resource requirements will expand from an additional 84 acres neededin 1970 to 158 acres in 1975, 192 acres in 1980, 561 acres in 1990, and 681 acres in the year 2000. This brings the cumulative resource requirement to an additional 1,676 surface acres by the year 2000. Freshwater Boat Ramps-I/ No publicly-administered freshwater boat lanes were reported for the Lubbock Metro Area in 1971.- By estimating the 1970 total freshwater boat fishing, skiing, and boating participation which would have occurred using freshwater boat ramp facilities to gain access to the water if ramps were available, it was calculated that three boat ramps were needed in 1970. Projected increases in freshwater boat fishing, skiing, and boating participation are expected to require one additional freshwater boat ramp in 1975, three in 1980, six in 1990, and seven in the year 2000, bringing the cumulative resource requirement to twenty ramps in the year 2000. Since boat ramps are the most frequently used means by which boaters, skiers, and boat fishermen gain access to freshwater lakes, the provision of freshwater sur- face acres and freshwater boat ramps required should be planned as joint projects, even though, in some cases, this may require the construction of boat ramps prior to the years reflected in the boat ramp resource requirement pro- jections. Summary of Facilities Requirements The only type of designated facility which was not available at all in the Lubbock Metro in 1971 was freshwater boat ramps; boat ramps were estimated to be needed in every planning horizon year. Although facilities for other urban recreational activities were available in 1971, an insufficient quantity existed in most cases. Incremental resource requirements were indicated for each planning horizon year for swimming pools, picnic tables, football/soccer fields,. holes of golf, tennis courts, basketball courts, and surface acres of freshwater. Playgrounds were estimated to be required beginning in 1975; trails were considered adequate through 1975, but by 1980 additional miles will be required; and baseball/softball fields were considered adequate through 1990, with one additional field needed by the year 2000. An important criterion in planning for additional facilities for all outdoor recreation activities is a spatial distri- bution which considers urban growth areas, and as many different income/ethnic subsections as is practical. l/ In calculating freshwater boat ramp resource requirements the assumption was made that each boat ramp has two lanes. Supply figures listed in the "Park and Recreation Facilities by Type of Park" table and quoted in the narratives are in terms of single lanes. 56 REGION 4 RECREATION RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS TOTAL 1971 OPPORTUNITY NET OPPORTUNITY DAYS PARTICIPATION DAYS AVAILABLE (000fS OF UNITS OF RECREATION (OOO'S OF (OOO'S OF . - ACTIVITY DAYS) RESOURCES REQUIRED YEAR ACTIVITY ACTIVITY DAYS) ACTIVITY DAYS DEFICIT SURPLUS CUMULATIVE INCREMENTAL Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 889 1/ 569 @320 2,133 square yards!' 2,133 square yards@/ Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 688 884 196 0 acres 0acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 81 317 236 0 fields 0fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363 87 276 162 tables 162 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 14 141 20 fields 20 fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 109 118 29 holes 29 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 51 9 3 courts, dbl. 3courts, dbl. Basketbali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 44 31 4 courts, full 4courts, full 1970 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 98 63 35 84 surface acres 84 surface acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 75 0 75 3 ramps!/ 3ramps!/ Trails Activities: Walking . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . 66 4/ 0 miles 0miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 0 miles 0miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 0 miles 0miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, 4/ Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 105 - 229 124 0 miles 0miles ACTIVITY Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 1,280 1/ 569 711 4,740 square yards 2,607 square yards Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 944 884 60 2 acres 2acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 107 317 210 0 fields 0fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432 87 345 .203 tables 41 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 14 163 23 fields 3fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310 109 201 50 holes 21 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 51 30 11 courts, dbl. 8courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 44 199 23 courts, full 19 courts, full 1975 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 164 63 101 242 surface acres 158 surface acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 120 0 120 4 ramps!/ Irap3/ Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 4/ 0 miles 0miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 0 miles 0miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 0 miles 0miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 196 4/ 229 33 0 miles 0miles 57 REGION 4 RECREATION RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS TOTAL 1971 OPPORTUNITY NET OPPORTUNITY DAYS PARTICIPATION DAYS AVAILABLE (OOO'S OF UNITS OF RECREATION (OOO'S OF (000-S OF ACTIVITY DAYS) RESOURCES REQUIRED YEAR ACTIVITY ACTIVITY DAYS ACTIVITY DAYS DEFICIT SURPLUS CUMULATIVE INCREMENTAL Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 1,790 569 1,221 8,140 square yards-21 3,400 square yards.Zl Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 1,283 884 399 14 acres 12 acres Baseball/Softball . .... . . . . . . . . 138 317 179 0fields 0 fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509 87 422 248 tables 45 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 14 187 26 fields 3 fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 411 109 302 75 holes 25 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . I. . . 107 51 56 21 courts, dbl. 10 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455 44 411 47 courts, full 24 courts, full 1980 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 244 63 181 434 surfac7 acres 192 surfac7 acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 177 0 177 7ramps-3 3 ramps-3 Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 4/ 5miles 5 miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 -41 4miles 4 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 1mile 1 mile Combined Walking, Bicycling, Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 311 4j 229 82 10 miles 10 miles ACTIVITY Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 3,437 569 2,868 19,120 square yards-21 10,980 square yards-2/ Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 2,351 884 1,467 53 acres 39 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 226 317 91 0fields 0 fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 718 87 631 371 tables 123 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 260 14 246 34 fields 8 fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 709 109 600 148 holes 73 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 187 51 136 50 courts, dbl. 29 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,083 44 1,039 118 courts, full 71 courts, full 1990 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 478 63 415 995 surfaS7 acres 561 surfac7 acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 340 0 340 13 ramps- 6 ramps3 Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303 4/ 23 miles 18 miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283 4/ 22 miles 17 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 4/ 4miles 4 miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, Nature Study ... . . . . . . . 643 4/ 229 414 49 miles 39 miles 58 REGION 4 RECREATION RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS TOTAL 1971 OPPORTUNITY NET OPPORTUNITY DAYS PARTICIPATION DAYS AVAILABLE (000 - S OF UNITS OF RECREATION (OOO'S or (000-S OF ACTIVITY DAYS) RESOURCES REQUIRED YEAR ACTIVITY ACTIVITY DAYS) ACTIVITY DAYS) DEFICIT SURPLUS CUMULATIVE INCREMENTAL Swimming (Pools) 5,668 569 5,099 33,993 square yards-21 14,873 square yards, 2/ Child's Play (Playgroundsi 3,754 884 2,870 104 acres 51 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 328 317 11 1field I field Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 918 87 831 488 tables 117 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 306 14 292 40 fields 6 fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,066 109 957 236 holes 88 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282 51 231 86 courts, dbl. 36 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,877 44 1,833 208 courts, full 90 courts, full 2000 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 762 63 669 1,676 surfa c acres 681 surfac7 acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 536 0 536 20 ramps3 7 ramps-3 Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478 4/ 44 miles 22 miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474 4/ 44 miles 22 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 9miles 4 miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 1,050 229 821 97 miles 48 miles 1/ Includes only swimming participation occurring in swimming pools, 94 percent of the total in urban areas. @@/ Designated freshwater swimming areas may be substituted for swimming pools. When making substitutions consider total swimming participation. 3/ Assumes 2.0 lanes per ramp. 4/ Reflects estimated participation occurring in park and recreation areas; does not include participation occurring outside park and recreation areas. Of the total walking, bicycling, and nature study participation it was determined that 10.5, 4.0, and 20.1 percent, respectively for each activity, occurs in park and recreation areas. 59 10 ow Fn m REGION 5 REGIONAL DESCRIPTION: WICHITA FALLS METROPOLITAN AREA Wichita Falls, county seat of Wichita County,-progressed from an POPULATION Indian tent village, to trading post, railroad terminal, cattle 1970 Metro Area Popul'ation: 97,564 town, business center, and independent oil capital of the world. Change 1960-1970: -4% Home of one of the nation's largest U.S. Ai r Force Technical Training Race Composition: 1/ Air Bases, it is one of the younger Texas cities, and was named White ..... 90% - for a waterfall which was long ago washed out by a flood. The Negro ..... 9% town was laid out in 1876 by the family of J. A. Scott, a Mississippian Other ..... 1% who won the land in a poker game in 1837. Age Composition (years): 13 or less ..... 24% While cattle was the first large industry in the area, the discovery 14 - 20 ..... 17% of oil made the oil industry dominant. Natural gas Attracted 21 - 44 ..... 32% industry in the early 1900's, and Wichita Falls had the first 45 - 64 ..... 18% municipal gas supply in the West. A large number of independ *ent 65 and over ..... 9% oil companies are headquartered there today. Cultural attractions include the Wichita Falls Symphony Orchestra, the Theatre Arts ECONOMY Group, Wichita Falls Museum and Arts Center, North Texas Center Agribusiness of the.Arts, Midwestern University Artist Lecture Series, Civic Manufacturing Music Association, Art Association, Broadway Theatre League, and Oil Civic Playhouse Association. Located in the city are Midwestern University, Wichita Falls State Hospital, and Sheppard Air Force Base. Annual events include Faith City Kennel Club Show (March), Midwestern University's Science Fair (March), Antique Sales Show (March), Wichita County Junior Livestock Show (March), Art Expo (April), Flower Show (April), Red River Rodeo (June), Texas & Oklahoma Tennis Tournament (Summer), Texas & Oklahoma Golf Tournament (Summer), Oil Bowl Football Game (August), Pioneer Bowl (December), and Burn's-Christmas Display (December). I/ Includes persons of Mexican and/or Spanish descent. 61 REGION 5 CITY SIZE: M .ETRO P U B L I C L Y A D M I N I S T E R E D R E C R E A T 1 0 N 0 P P 0 R T U N I T I E S LAND AND WATER ACREAGE REGION ACRES -STATEWIDE 5 AVERAGE METRO METRO AREA'.; 88% Developed Land .881 1,307 REGION Undeveloped Land 119 536 5 METRO Total Land 1,000 1,843 12% Water Within or Adjacent 2,330 1,006 Total Land and Water 3,330 2,849 FM DEVELOPED LAND UNDEVELOPED LAND Wichita Falls has a total of 1,000 acres of land set aside as park and recreation areas. In addition, 2,330 surface acres of water either within or adjacent to these parks were reported. Of the total land acreage, 881 acres are developed with STATEWIDE 71% facilities, leaving 119 acres available for future AVERAGE development. 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T RD 0 OLD WINDTMORS 00 4- 31 > m C CL REGION 5 CITY SIZE: METRO PARK AND RECREATION FACILITIES BY TYPE OF PARK UNITS PER THOUSAND DISTRICT COMMUNITY SPECIALTY PEOPLE REGION STATEWIDE TYPE OF FACILITY PARK PARK PARK TOTAL PER 5 AVERAGE (UNITS) (UNITS) (UNITS) UNITS UNIT METRO METRO AREAS .Games and Sports: Parks .............................. 8 17 1 26 3,752 .265 .150 Tennis Courts ...................... 19 9 0 28 3,484 .286 .142 Basketball Courts .................. 1 4 0 5 19,513 .051 .071 Baseball/Softball Fields ........... 15 5 0 20 4,878 .204 .186 Football/Soccer Fields ............. 5 3 1 9 10,840 .092 .032 Picnicking: Parks .............................. 8 18 2 28 3,484 .286 .124 Tables ............................. 80 66 4 150 650 1.531 1.230 Playground: Parks .............................. 7 17 1 25 3,903 .255 .170 Acres Developed ..................... 7 17 1 25 3,903 .255 .258 Swimming: Parks .............' ................. 2 1 0 3 32,521 .031 .050 Pools (Sq. Yd.) .................... 130 120 0 250 390 2.551 25.950* Designated Fresh Water (Sq. Yd*.) ... 4,840 0 0 4,840 20 49.387 52.242 Boating: .Parks .............................. 1 0 0 1 97,564 .010 .006 Ramp Lanes - Fresh Water ........... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .008 Camping: Parks .............................. 0 0 0 0 --- .102 Campsites .......................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- Fishing: Parks .............................. 4 0 0 4 24,391 .041 .013 Pier/Barge/Marina-Fresh Water (Yd.) 0 0 0 0 --- --- .049 Golfing: Courses ............................ 1 .0 0 1 97,564 .010 .005 Holes .............................. 18 0 0 18 5,420 .184 .100 Trails: Parks ...i.......................... 2 0 0 2 48,782. .020 .006 Nature (Mi.) ....................... 1 0 0 1 97,564 .010 .009 Horseback (Mi.) .................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .003 Bicycle (Mi.) ...................... 3 0 0 3 32,521 .031 .007 Hiking (Mi.) ....................... 1 0 0 1 97,564 .010 .006 Total Trails (Mi.) ................. 4 0 0 4 24,391 .041 .021 65 REGION 5 PARK AND RECREATION FACILITIES BY TYPE OF PARK CITY SIZE: METRO UNITS PER THOUSAND DISTRICT COMMUNITY SPECIALTY PEOPLE REGION STATEWIDE TYPE OF FACILITY PARK PARK PARK TOTAL PER 5 AVERAGE (UNITS) (UNITS) (UNITS) UNITS UNIT METRO METRO AREAS Sport Shooting: Parks ............................. 0 0 0 0 --- .002 Traps ............................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .002 Shooting Targets ................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .004 Archery Targets ... o............. 0 0 0 0 ---- --- .011 Miscellaneous: Parks ................... oo ........ 0 0 0 0 --- .038 Amphitheatre Seats ...o ............ 0 0 0 0 --- --- 1.077 Botanical Gardens (Acres) ......... 0 0 0 0 --- .077 Zoos (Acres) ...................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .051 Community/Recreation Centers ...... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .038 The District Park category contains all of the parks with boating, fishing, golf and trails facilities, although no boat ramps or fishing,piers were reported. One of the District Parks has an area designated as fresh water swimming area. Of the 35 parks, 28 have picnic facilities, 26 have facilities for games and sports and 25 have playgrounds. The most common types of games and sports facilities are tennis with 28 courts, followed by baseball/softball with 20 fields, football/soccer with 9 fields and basketball with 5 courts. Looking at selected facilities in relation to the number of potential users we find the following: 24,391 persons for each mile of trails 3,903 persons for each acre of playground 19,513 persons for each basketball court 3,484 persons for each tennis court 10,840 persons for each football/soccer fi.eld. 650 persons for each picnic table 5,420 persons for each golf hole 390 persons for each square yard of swimming pool 4,878 persons for each baseball/softball field Wichita Falls is above the Statewide Metro average for facility units per 1,000 for tennis courts, baseball/softball fields, football/soccer fields, picnic tables, golf holes and trail miles. Wichita Falls is below the average for basketball courts, playground acres, square yards of swimming pools and designated fresh water swimming area. No boat ramp lane6, campsites, yards of fishing pier/barge/marina, sport shooting facilities, amphitheatre seats, acres of botanical gardens, zoo acreage or community/recreation centers were reported. 66 REGION 5 CONVERSION OF FACILITIES TO RECREATION OPPORTUNITY DAYS CITY SIZE: METRO Current opportunity days for 1971 were calculated by multiplying the number of facilities available for each activity in the metro area (determined from the Texas Outdoor Recreation Inventory of Parks, Recreation Areas, and Facilities) times the standard for the facility. DAYS PER THOUSAND POPULATION ANNUAL REGION STATEWIDE DAYS 5 AVERAGE ACTIVITY-FACILITY AVAILABLE METRO METRO Swimming (Pools) - square yards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,500 383 3,891 Child's Play - playground acres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 690,575 7,047 7,137 Baseball/Softball - fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276,080 2,817 2,577 Picnicking - tables . . . . . . . . 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . 255,300 2,605 2,093 Football/Soccer - fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,016 663 235 Golf - holes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,846 743 414 Tennis - courts, double . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,432 770 384 Basketball - courts, full . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,975 449 625. Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW - surface acres . . . . . . 971,966 9,918 2,962 Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW - boat ramps . . . . . . . . 0 0 103 Trail Activities: Combined Walking, Bicycling, and Nature Study - miles . . . . 33,856 345 625 The Wichita Falls Metro Area offers the most opportunity days for surface acres for freshwater boating, boat fishing and skiing, followed by child's play, baseball/softball and picnicking. A comparison between the opportunity days per thousand population for the Wichita Falls Metro Area and the Statewide Metro average shows that the Wichita Falls Metro Area surpasses the statewide average for six types of facilities -- baseball/softball. fields, picnic tables, football/soccer fields, golf courses (holes), tennis courts, and surface acres for freshwater boating, boat fishing, and skiing. The Wi_Chita Falls Metro Area is below the Statewide Metro average for swimming (in pools), child's play, basketball and the trails activities, with no opportunity days available for freshwater boat ramps. 67 -REGION 5 ESTIMATED CURRENT AND FUTURE PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METRO The thirteenth ranking metro area based on population, Wichita Falls ranked fifteenth in total participation for the year,1970. Estimates for 1970 indicate that residents and non-residents in the area spent over 2.5 million recreation days in pursuit of urban outdoor recreation opportunities available within the metro area. Resident Total days of participation by residents of the Wichita Falls Metropolitan Area were estimated to be 2.4 million days in 1970 and are estimated to be 3.6 million days in 1975 and 4.9 million days in 1980. These projections for the years 1975 and 1980 represent increases of 48.3 and 101.8 percent, respectively, over the 1970'participation level, and for the years 1975 and 1980, on a days per household basis, represent increases of from 73.4 days in 1970 to 108.3 days in 1975, and to 146.5 days in 1980. On a comparative basis, this is below the average for households in the other metropolitan areas across the State. The projections for 1975 and 1980 indicate increases of 47.6 and 99.6 per- cent, respectively, over the 1970 estimate for participation on a days per household basis. All activities are projected to increase, both in total days of participation and participation on a days per house- hold basis, through the year 2000 but will remain below the statewide average for all metropolitan areas. In regard to specific activities, swimming, driving for pleasure, child's play, walking, golf, and picnicking ranked one through six, respectively, in total participation days in 1970. However, the order of popularity is anticipated to change somewhat by 1975 with swimming ranking first, child's play second, driving for pleasure third, walking fourth, bicycl- ing fifth, and golf as the sixth ranked activity. The order is expected to change again by 1980 Swimming will retain its number one ranking with child's play, walking, driving for.pleasure, bicycling, and golf following in that order. Non-Resident Participation in urban outdoor recreation activities within the Wichita Falls Metropolitan Area by non-residents was estimated to total 95,000 days for the activities specified for 1970. By 1975, total participation is expected to remain steady at 95,000 days, and decrease I percent (to 94,000 days) by 1980. Slight decreases are anticipated through the years 1990 and 2000. Of the specific activities selected, the most popular activities by non-residents for 1970 were: sightseeing, with 34,000 days;.fishing, with 19,000 days; golf, with 14,000 days; swimming, with 11,000 days; dtiving for pleasure, with 8,000 days; and picnicking, with 4,000 days.' Assuming adequate facilities are made available, 12 activities are expected to remain constant and'four activities are expected to decrease through the year 2000. All activities are expected to retain their respective rankings of popularity through the year 2000. 68 REGION 5 CURRENT AND PROJECTED RESIDENT PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: -METROS (OOO'S OF ANNUAL ACTIVITY DAYS) 1970 1975 1980 1990 2000 STATE- STATE- STATE- STATE- STATE- REG. 5 WIDE REG. 5 WIDE REG. 5 WIDE REG. 5 WIDE REG. 5 WIDE METROS METROS METROS METROS METROS METROS METROS METROS METROS METROS PART AVERAGE AVERAGE PART AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE ACTIVITY DAYS RANK DAYSJHH DAYS/HH DAYS RANK DAYR/HH DAYS/HH DAYS RANK DAYS/ DAYS/HH DAYS RANK DAYS/HH DAYS/HH DAYS RANK DAYS/HH DAYSJHH Swiuming 536 1 16.26 27.41 773 1 23.32 36.52 1,059 1 31.76 47.17 1,780 1 53.21 75.28 2,679 1 80.95 110.14 Child's Play 482 3 14.62 14.08 665 2 20.06 17.72 897 2 26.90 22.00 1,472 2 44.00 32.20 2,185 2 66.02 43.99 Baseball/Softball 59 8 1.79 2.78 77 8 2.32 3.19 96 9 2.88 3.59 141 9 4.22 4.41 192 9 5.80 5.22 Picnicking 139 6 4.22 5.72 155 7 4.68 5.66 171 7 5.13 5.66 206 8 6.16 5.61 244 8 7.37 5.64 Football/Soccer 24 13 73 1.43 24 13 72 1.42 25 14 75 1.41 26 14 78 1.39 26 14 79 1.38 Golf 159 5 4182 3.92 222 6 6'70 4.98 297 6 8'91 6.16 475 6 14*20 8.96 681 6 20.'58 12.07 Tennis 36 11 1.09 *6.06 38 12 1.15 ,9.21 39 12 1.17 11.49 41 12 1.23 16.07 43 13 1.30 21.46 Basketball 5 15 .15 1.60 5 15 .15 2.59 5 15 .15 3.57 5 15 .15 5.52 5 15 .15 7.53 Walking 220 4 6.67 18.21 513 4 15.47 23.09 809 3 24.27 29.20 1,399 3 41.82 39.89 1,966 3 59.40 50.31 Bicycling 93 .7 2.82 20.30 328 5 9.89 32.77 564 5 16.92 45.25 1,039 4 31.06 68.44 1,494 4 45.14 95.49 Nature Study 1 16 .03 .72 1 16 .06 1.67 2 16 .06 2.64 3 16 .06 4.63 4 16 .06 6.70 Fishing 59 8 1.79 1.80 62 10 1.87 1,88 66 11 1.98 1.97 71 11 2.12 2.13 76 11 2.30 2.30 Boating 29 12 .88 .88 53 11 1.60 1.60 77 10 2.31 2.31 125 10 3.74 3.74 171 10 15.17 5.17 Skiing 14 14 .42 .42 21 14 .63 .62 27 13 .81 .82 41 12 1.23 1.22 54 12 1.63 1.81 Surfing --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- Sightseeing 49 10 1.49 2.25 75 9 2.26 2.34 108 8 3.24 2.50 210 7 6.28 2.70 383 7 11.57 3.01 Dr. for Pleas. 514 2 15.59 13.38 576 3 17.38 13.52 641 4 19.23 13.67 783 5 23.41 13.86 934 5 28.22 14.10 TOTAL 2,419 73.37 120.96 3,588 108.26 158.78 4,883 146.47 B9.41 7,817 233.67 286.05 11,137 336.45 386.32 CURRENT AND PROJECTED NON-RESIDENT PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 TOTAL CURRENT AND PROJECTED PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 (OOO'S OF ANNUAL ACTIVITY DAYS) (OOO'S OF ANNUAL ACTIVITY DAYS) ACTIVITY 1970 1975 1980 1990 2000 1975 1980 1990 2000 Swinming 11 11 11 11 11 Swirniriing 547 784 1,076 1,791 2,690 Child's Play 2 9 2 2 2 Child's Play 484 667 899 1,474 2,187 Baseball/Softball Baseball/Softball 59 77 96 141 192 Picnicking 4 4 4 4 3 Picnicking 143 159 175 210 247 Football/Soccer 2 2 2 2 2 Football/Soccer 26 26 27 28 28 Golf 14 14 14 13 13 Golf 173 236 311 488 694 Tennis Tennis 36 38 39 41 43 Basketball Basketball 5 5 5 5 5 Walking I Walking 221 514 810 1,400 1,967 Bicycling Bicycling 93 328 564 1,039 1,494 Nature Study Nature Study 1 1 2 3 4 Fishing 19 19 18 18 18 Fishing 78 81 84 89 94 Boating Boating 29 53 77 125 171 Skiing Skiing 14 21 27 41 54 Surfing --- --- --- --- Surfing --- --- --- --- --- Sightseeing 34 34 34 34 33 Sightseeing 83 109 142 244 416 Dr. for Pleas. 8 8 8 8 8 Dr. for Pleas. 791 942 TOTAL 95 95 94 93 91 TOTAL 2,514 3,683 4,977 7,910 11,228 Note: Asterisks indicate that projected annual activity days were less than 500. Dashes indicate not applicable. Zeros indicate that the activity was not ranked due to insignificant participation days recorded. 69 REGION 5 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 Estimates of urban outdoor recreation resource requirements werl /developed for the Wichita Falls Metropolitan Area for the years 1970, 1975, 198 1990, and 2000 by comparing current-' and projected recreation participation with the 1971 recreation opportuniti-Plavailable in the metro. In addition, the availability and spatial distribution of recreation opportunities provided by parks and"recreation facilities were analyzed with respect to the subsections of the metro characterized by residents having similar incomes and ethnic backgrounds. Particular attention was given to those sub- sections expected to undergo relatively rapid population growth and physical expansion in the future. Conclusions reached from analyzing the distribution of recreation opportunities within the metropolitan area were used to qualify resource requirement estimates where a less than adequate distribution appeared to exist. In the discussions that follow, results of the distribution analysis of parks within subsections of the metro are pre- sented. Then, estimates of current and future requirements for selected recreation facilities are presented, and qual- ified by conclusions reached from the distribution analysis of recreation facilities within subsections of the Wichita Falls Metro Area. PARK DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS In analyzing the availability and djqtribution of parks in the Wichita Falls Metro, several charaoteristics were con- sidered: changes in population (or trends in general, 1960 to 1970), areas of the metro which were expected to undergo relatively major expansion, and the dispersion of existing parks among the income/ethnic subsections of the metro. From these interrelated characteristics, general conclusions were reached with respect to future park developments for the metro area. Populati6n growth affected current and future participation estimates used to project recreation resource requirements. Projections of population growth indicate that the 1970 population of 94,546 in Wichita Falls will remain relatively constant through the year 2000. Information provided by urban recreation planners of the area shows that the major direction of future urban expansion was expected to occur in the extreme southwestern edge along U.S. Highway 82 or Seymour Road as illustrated by the arrow on the following map titled "Predominant Ethnic Background and Income Subsec- tions. A total of nine subsections was reported by urban planners in 1971. The delineated subsections characterize the homo- geneous residential, or demographic patterns existing in 1971 by income and ethnic background. Two of the nine were I/ "Current" participation refers to levels of participation by type of selected recreation activity which were esti- mated for the year 1970. 2/ "Current" recreation opportunities refers to computed figures derived from the numbers of publicly-administered facilities by type available within the metro area in 1971. 70 ton in 0 ui LL X':0 ... ............. kicNim mo 0 c + 3AV NOOSS 4(1)0"d 9)W7 OL 0 AAN ............... BE GAIN dW @A_ z z C3 OAII AYMSIV4 LU cn to LLJ CO 0 L) z FL Z - a z 0 LU 8 < a 4) (A 2 1@ X. 0. i Ci ID 0. > 0 42 z z z z z z z z c m z z z a E 0 ,a 0 0 0 1 0 0 a 2 1 6 6 6 (D 00 0 > . . . t t . I x . . @' Z. -Z2 z . z z S, Fa a 0 m "DEDE3 E3 El DIR IBM 0 0 z REGION 5 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 low-income subsections, both predominantly Anglo and located in the northeastern quadrant of the metro. There were four middle-income subsections one of which,,the Anglo subsection, comprised seventy to eighty percent of the entire metro area. In the northeastern quadrhnt of Wichita Falls were two middle-income Black subsections on either side of a middle-income Mexican-American subsection. The remaining three high-income subsections were predominantly characterized by Anglo residents. One was located on the west central periphery, another was centrally located southwest of the core area on either side of the Southwest Parkway, and the remaining subsection was east and immediately adjacent to the core area. An analysis of parks dispersion among the subsections was conducted by comparing the "Dispersion of Parks by Type" map with the "Predominant Ethnic Background and Income Subsections" map. Overall, the distribution of parks appea 'red ade- quate. However, two subsections had no parks of any type: the large low-income Anglo area east of the central business district and the west central high-income Anglo subsection west of the intersection of Highways 11 and 82. The few open-land parks were located in the northern half of the metro area leading to the conclusion that consideration should be given to the southern half when additions of open land parks are planned. The major growth area in the southwest, along Highway 82, contained very few parks. In general, the metro appeared to need additional parks in the east, north- west, and southwest subsections. In addition to maintaining an adequate dispersion of parks in all portions of the metro area, the provision of different types of recreational facilities in parks is also an important consideration. An analysis of the current and future requirements for selected recreational facilities and the current dispersion of faciliities in the Wichita Falls Metro is presented in the following discussions. FACILITY REQUIREMENTS AND DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS As mentioned previously, requirements for selected recreational facilities (see the following table) were calculated for the years 1970, 1975, 1980, 1990, and 2000. T hen, an analysis of the dispersion of existing facilities among the pre- dominant income/ethnic background subsections and the major growth areas of the metro was conducted. Conclusions reached from the facility dispersion analysis were then used to qualify the facility requirement estimates, particularly in those'cases where no additional facilities were estimated as being needed within the metropolitan area. Usually, special note is made where growth areas appeared to have limited facilities. The methodology used to calculate faci- lity requirements in general is explained in Appendix C, Part I--An Overview of the urban volume. In the discussion that follows, resource requirements for recreational facilities are generally referred to by units of the most important feature necessary to allow participation. For example, when a requirement is shown for swimming pools, features subh as a bathhouse, cleaning and filtering system, and other support features are implied when a requirement for the major facility is shown. 72 REGION 5 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZF: METROS 1 9 7 0 2 0 0 0 Swimming The Wichita Falls 1,16tro Area had two public pools in 1971 for a combined total of 250 square yards. Each square yard provides approximately 150 days of swimming opportunity per year; therefore, the two pools provided about 38,000 opportunity days. The estimated participation in 1970 was 514,000 days, leaving a deficit of 476,000 days or an addi- tionally required 3,167 square yards. It was estimated that an additional 1,493 square yards would be required to pro- vide for the 1975 participation. By 1980 another 1,793 square yards will bring the cumulative requirements to 6,453 .square yards of pools. A substantial increase was shown for 1990 and 2000 with incremental additions of 4,520 and 5,634 square yards, respectively. Ine two existing pools were in the middle-income Mexican- American neighborhood in the north central edge of the metro and within a few blocks of each other. This may indicate that additional facilities were especially needed across the entire central portion ofthe metro with special consideration due the eastern and southern extremities. Child's Play There were twenty-five parks in 'operation in 1971, each with one acre of playground area, providing a total of approxi- mately 691,000 days of recreation opportunity per year. Each acre was calculated to provide 27,623 opportunity days per year. The comparison of total days of opportunity to the projected demand, as shown in the Wichita Falls recrea- tional resource requirements table,indicates that Wichita Falls should have a surplus of opportunity days through 1975. By 1980 the demand should surpass the supply and eight additional acres will be needed. Requirements will grow incre- mentally by 20 acres for 1990 and 26 acres for the year 2000. The cumulative requirement for all planning horizon years is fifty-four. The existing playgrounds were located throughout the metro with only three small income/ethnic subsections of the metro lacking facilities. Two subsections were low-income Anglo on the north central and north- eastern edges, and the other was high-income Anglo located in the west central extremity of the metropolitan area. These subsections with no facilities and the major growth area in the extreme southwestern edge of the city should be considered when more playgrounds are developed. Baseball/Softball The Wichita Falls Metro Area had twenty baseball/softball fields in 1971.' One field should provide 13,804 opportunity days; thus, the total days of opportunity for Wichita Falls was over 276,000. This 'number should meet the needs of the metro area through the year 2000. Although a dispersion analysis was not possible from available information, consider- ation'should be given to providing an equitable distribution relative to growth areas and the various income-ethnic subsections. 73 REGION 5 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 Picnicking With a conversion standard of 1,702 days of opportunity per table per year, the 150 picnic tables within the metropoli- tan area should provide over 255,000 opportunity days. This was expected to be sufficient to meet the proj ected demand through the year 2000. The dispersion of tables appeared to.be quite adequate with two-thirds of them in the one large middle-income Anglo, subsection. When planning new picnicking areas, the major growth areas should be considered. Football/Soccer The nine football/soccer fields available in 1971 provided 7,224 days of opportunity each, for a combined total of 65,000 days. The 1970 participation was only 26,000 days, and in the year 2000 participation is projected to be no higher than 28,000 days. Therefore, the nine fields should adequately handle all the projected demand. Although a dispersion analysis was not possible from available information, consideration should be given to providing an equitable distribution relative to growth areas and the various income-ethnic subsections. Golf In 1971 Wichita Falls had one publicly administered eighteen hole golf course; it was located in the south central por- tion of the large middle-income Anglo subsection of the metro closely proximal to the south central high-income Anglo subsection. Each golf hole was estimated to provide 4,047 days of recreation opportunity annually. An eighteen hole golf course would then provide 73,000 days of recreation opportunity. The participation for 1970 indicated a need for twenty-five additional holes. For the planning horizon years 1975, 1980, 1990, and 2000 incremental additions of 15, 19, 44, and 50, respectively, will be needed to meet expected increases in golfing participation. Any future develoD- ments should be considered'for subsections in the northeast and northwest. Tennis The 75,000 opportunity days provided by the twenty-eight public tennis courts available in 1971 (each court provides about 2,694 opportunity days per year) are apparently adequate to meet facility requirements of Wichita Falls tennis players through the year 2000. However, dispersion analysis of these facilities indicates that the only tennis courts available were located in Jaycee Park in the extreme southeast and in Lucy Park in the extreme north central portion of the metro. Since all courts were located in the large middle-income Anglo subsection, future developments should most likely be considered in the northeast in the two middle-income Black, two low-income Anglo, one middle-income Mexican-American, and one low-income Black subsections. Basketball The five basketball courts in the metropolitan area should each provide 8,795 opportunity days for a total of 44,000 days.per year. The Wichita Falls recreation resource requirement table makes it apparent that the five courts should 14 REGION 5 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE METROS 1 9 7 0 2 0 0 0 be sufficient to meet expected demands through the year 2000. Analysis of the dispersion of basketball facilities was not possible, but adequate distribution is an important consideration in determining future requirements, as- is consid- eration of adequate facilities to support the expanding residential areas of the metro. Trails Activities With an urban trails facilities standard of 8,464 opportunity days per mile per year, the four miles of trails (some of which were miltiple use) available in 1971 should provide about 34,000 opportunity days. This should have been adequate for the 1970 demand; but by 1975, an additional four miles should be added and by 1980, another five miles of trails would bring the cumulative requirements total to nine miles. Incremental additions are-projected to amount to ten miles in 1990 and nine miles in 2000. overall, a total of twenty-eight miles of combined additional trails should be added to the existing four miles. A relatively small proportion of the total participation in trail and related activities was estimated to take place in publicly-administered park and recreation areas. It is likely, however, that as additional trail facilities are pro- vided, the relative proportion of total participation will increase at these recreation areas. Thus, the above esti- mates of additional resources required may be conservative in the long run and should be considered as minimum estimates. In addition to the expectations for increases in participation in trail and related activities at publicly- administered park and recreation areas, it is clear that the major Oroportion of walking, bicycling, and nature study is occurring in places other than established recreation areas. The majority of this participation is most likely taking place in local neighborhoods, on city streets, and on available open lands within the area. This phenomenon has direct policy implications with respect to the provision of sidewalks within currently existing and newly developing neighborhoods, the development of a system of bike lanes in high use areas, and the provision of adequate open space.and green belt areas within the metro area. Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing Surface Acres - Freshwater Lakes (Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing) A total of 2,330 surface acres of freshwater lakes was located within the Wichita Falls Metropolitan Area in 1971. Using participation patterns of households recreating in the urban areas, it was estimated that boating totaled 29,000 days, boat fishing 16,000 days, and skiing 14,000 days for a total of 59,000 days in 1970. Comparing estimated partici- pation with the opportunities provided by the surface acres existing in 1971 indicates that existing freshwater lakes should provide adequate opportunities through the year 2000. 75 REGION 5 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E-S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 Freshwater Boat Ramps I/ No publicly-administered freshwater boat lanes were reported for the metropolitan area in 1971. By estimating the 1970 total freshwater,boat fishing, skiing, and boating participation which would have occurred using freshwater boat ramp facilities to gain access to the water if ramps were available, it was calculated that two boat ramps were needed in 1970. Projected increases in freshwater boat fishing, skiing, and boating participation should require one additional freshwater boat ramp in 1975, none in 1980, two in 1990, and one in the year 2000, bringing the cumulative resource requirement to six ramps in 2000. Since boat ramps are the most frequently used means by which boaters, skiers, and boat fishermen gain access to freshwater lakes, the provision of freshwater boat ramps required could be constructed on existing freshwater lakes if the lakes are available for water related activities. Summary of Facilities Requirements Swimming areas and golf courses are the only facilities which were found to be required in each planning horizon year. In 1975 the demand for trails should exceed the supply. In 1980 more playgrounds will be needed, and the increase in demand should continue for both activities through all remaining planning horizon years. Both swimming pools were in the small middle-income Mexican-American subsections near the intersection of Highway 240 and the Big Wichita River. The location of these two pools is such that most of the metro residents may have limited or difficult access to a public pool. The single municipal golf course was located in the district park on the south central edge of the metro. When planning for new golf courses and swimming pools, insuring an adequate dispersion should be an important consider- ation. The dispersion of trails cannot be discerned from available data, but adequate dispersion should be considered when additional trails are provided. Playground areas were well dispersed throughout the metro, except for three small subsections of the metro in the far north central (low-income Anglo), northeastern (low-income Anglo), and west central (middle-income Black) areas which had no recreational facilities for any activity. Although surface acres of fresh water for boating, fishing, and skiing wze projected to be adequate to the year 2000, several boat ramps may be needed to accommodate demand. Public facilities for basketball, baseball, picnicking, football, and tennis were projected to be adequate through the year 2000. For all activities, adequate distribution of facilities should be considered with emphasis placed on the major growth area in the extreme southwest near Lake Wichita. 1/ In calculating freshwater boat ramp resource requirements the,assumption was made that each boat ramp has two lanes. Supply figures listed in the "Park and Recreation facilities by Type of Park" table and quoted in the narratives are in terms of single lanes. 76 REGION 5 RECREATION RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS TOTAL 1971 OPPORTUNITY NET OPPORTUNITY DAYS PARTICIPATION DAYS AVAILABLE (OOO'S CF UNITS OF RECREATION (OOO'S OF (OOO'S OF ACTIVITY DAYS) RESOURCES REQUIRED YEAR ACTIVITY ACTIVITY DAYS ACTIVITY DAYS DEFICIT SURPLUS -----CUMULATIVE INCREMENTAL Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 514 1/ 38 476 3,167 square yards-2/ 3,167 square yards2/ Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 484 691 207 0acres 0 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 59 276 217 0fields 0 fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 255 112 0tables 0 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 65 39 0fields 0 fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 73 100 25 holes 25 holes Tennis 36 75 39 0courts, dbl. 0 courts, dbl. Basketb.li 5 44 39 0courts, full 0 courts, full 1970 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 59 972 913 0surfac@ acres 0 surfa acres 47 0 47 2ramps3 2 ramps�7 Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 3 Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 0miles 0 miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 0miles 0 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0miles 0 miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 27 34 7 0miles 0 miles ACTIVITY Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 737 38 699 4,660 square yards-V 1,493 square yards-V Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 667 @691 24 0acres 0 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 77 276 199 0fields 0 fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 255 96 0tables 0 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 65 39 0fields 0 fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 73 163 40 holes 15 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 75 37 0courts, dbl. 0 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 44 39 0courts, full 0 courts, full 1975 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 91 972 881 0*surfap acres 0 surface acres, Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 68 0 68 3 ramps3 I rap-3/ Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 4/ 3 miles 3 miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 4/ 1 mile I mile Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . *4/ <1 mile <1 mile Combined Walking, Bicycling, 67 4/ Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 34 33 4 miles 4 miles 77 REGION 5 RECREATION RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS TOTAL 1971 OPPORTUNITY NET OPPORTUNITY DAYS PARTICIPATION DAYS AVAILABLE (OOO'S OF UNITS OF RECREATION (000-S OF (OOO'S OF ACTIVITY DAYS) RESOURCES REQUIRED YEAR ACTIVITY ACTIVITY DAYS) ACTIVITY DAYS DEFICIT SURPLUS CUMULATIVE INCREMENTAL Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 1,006 38 968 6,453 square yardsV 1,793 square yards 2/ Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 899 69'1 208 8acres 8acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 96 276 180 0fields 0fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 255 80 0tables 0tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 65 38 0fields 0fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311 73 238 59 holes 19 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 75 36 0courts, dbl. 0courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 44 39 0courts, full 0courts, full 1980 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 122 972 850 0surfac@ acres 0surfac@ acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW 88 0 3ramp S3 0ramps-3 Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 4/ 7miles 4miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 z/ 2miles Imile Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4/ <1 mile 0miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 108 4/ 34 74 9miles 5miles ACTIVITY Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 1,684 38 1,646 10,973 square yards-V 4,520 square yards-2/ Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 1,474 691 783 28 acres 20 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 141 276 135 0fields 0fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 255 45 0tables 0tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 65 37 0fields 0fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488 73 415 103 holes 44 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 75 34 0courts, dbl. 0courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 44 39 0courts, full 0courts, full 1990 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing.FW . . . 185 972 787 0surfac acres 0surf acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 132 0 132 5ramp,37 2ramps- Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 4/ 15 miles 8miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 @/ 4miles 2miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34/ <1 mile 0miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, 4/ 34 158 19 miles 10 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 192- 78 REGION 5 RECREATION RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS TOTAL 1971 OPPORTUNITY NET OPPORTUNITY DAYS PARTICIPATION DAYS AVAILABLE (000-S OF UNITS OF RECREATION (OOO'S OF (OOO'S OF ACTIVITY DAYS) RESOURCES REQUIRED YEAR ACTIVITY ACTIVITY DAYS) ACTIVITY DAYS) DEFICTT SURPLUS CUMULATIVE INCRIIIENTAL Swimming (Pools) ... . . . . . . . . . 2,529 1/ 38 2,491 16,607 square yardsV 5,634 square yards 2/ Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 2,187 691 1,496 54 acres 26 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 192 276 84 0fields 0 fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247 255 8 0tables 0 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 65 37 0fields 0 fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 694 73 621 153 holes 50 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 75 32 0courts, dbl. 0 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 44 39 0courts, full 0 courts, full 2000 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 245 972 727 0surfac7 acres 0 surfa@e acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 172 0 172 6ramps-3 1 ramp3 Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 4/ 21 miles 6 miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 4/ 6miles 2 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-41 1mile I mile Combined Walking, Bicycling, Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 271 4/ 34 237 28 miles 9 miles Note: Asterisks indicate that.projected annual activity days were less than 500. l/ Includes only swimming participation occurring in swimming pools, 94 percent of the total in urban areas. Designated freshwater swimming areas may be substituted for swimming pools. When making substitutions consider total swimming participation. Assumes 2.0 lanes per ramp. 4/ Reflects estimated participation occurring in park and recreation areas; does not include participation occurring outside park and recreation areas. Of the total walking, bicycling, and nature study participation it was determined that 10.5, 4.0, and 20.1 percent, respectively for each activity, occurs in park and recreation areas. 79 > ?o o 2 S o I pt o cr o@o GU PE IICKORY C@dor ai F 5Z -T M m Z 0 > 0 0 C z 0 REGION 7 REGIONAL DESCRIPTION: ABILENE METROPOLITAN AREA Abilenei the county seat of Taylor County, was established by POPULATION cattlemen as a livestock shipping point on the Texas and Pacific 1970 Metro Area Population: 89,653 Railroad in 1881. The town soon became a major sheep and wool Change 1960-1970: -1% producing area as well and is now a center for various agricultural Race'Composition: pursuits. Oil production is also important to Abilene's economy. White ..... 93% Other industries in Abilene process dairy and livestock products; Negro ..... 6% while clothing, watches, and aircraft parts are the chief manu- Other ..... 1% facturing industries. Major annual events in Abilene include the Age Composition (years): Abilene Fat Stock Show (January), the Abilene Festival of Arts 13 or less ..... 26% (April), and the We9t Texas Fair (September). Abilene is the 14 - 20 ..... 15% home of Abilene Christian College, Hardin-Sinnnons University, 21 - 44 32% McMurry College, and Dyess Air Force Base. Abilene has two 45 - 64 ..... 18% museums: the Abilene Fine Arts Museum and the American Heritage 65 and over ..... 9% Museum. ECONOMY Agribusiness Food Products Manufacturing Oil Includes persons of Mexican and/or Spanish descent. 81 REGION 7 CITY SIZE: METRO P U B L I C L A D M I N I S T E R E D R E C R E A T 1 0 N 0 P P 0 R T U 1@ I T I E S LAND AND WATER ACREAGE ACRES REGION STATEWIDE 7 AVERAGE METRO METRO AREAS .70% Developed Land 352 1,307 REGION Undeveloped Land 153 536 7 METRO Total Land 505 1,843 30% Water Within or Adjacent 2 1,006 Total Land and Water 507 2,849 DEVELOPED.LAND Abilene has a total of 505 acres of land set aside as UNDEVELOPED LAND park and recreation areas. In addition, 2 surface acres of water either within or adjacent to these parks were reported. Of the total land acreage, 352 acres are developed with facilities, ieaving 153 acres available for future 71% development. With 70 percent of the land acreage STATEWIDE currently developed, Abilene is about equal to the AVERAGE Statewide Metro average of 71 percent. METRO AREAS 29% %7 0 -1. e7 1 -1. D 82 REGION 7 CITY SIZE: METRO PARKS AND ACREAGE BY TYPE OF PARK STATEWIDE DISTRICT COMKUNITY SPECIALTY OPEN LAND AVERAGE PARK PARK PARK- PARK TOTAL PETRO AREAS Number of Parks 5.000 7.000 2.000 1.000 15.000 72.000 Parks Per Thousand .056 .078 .022 .011 .167 People Per Park 17,931.000 12,808.000 44,827.000 89,653.000 5,977.00.01 3,754.000 ................... ................................................. ............................................ Land Acres 186.000 57.000 255.000 7.000 505.000 1,843.000 Acres Per Thousand 2.074 636 2.844 ..078 5.633 - 6.864 People Per Acre 482.000 1,57.3.000 352.000 12,808.000 178.000 146.000 Of the 15 parks in Abilene, 7 are Community Parks and 5 are District Parks. Only 2 Specialty Parks and 1 Open Land Park were reported. However, the acreage figures show that the 2 Specialty Parks occupy more than one-half of the total acreage. District Parks follow with 186 acres, Community Parks total 57 acres, while the one Open Land Park contains 7 acres. The dispersion of the four types of urban parks are depicted graphically in the accompanying map titled "Dispersion of Parks by Type." Looking at the total park and acreage figures in relation to the population of Abilene, .167 parks per 1,000 and 5.633 acres per 1,000 population exist. Another way to present this data is that 5,977 people share each park while 178 people must share each acre of park land. With only .167 parks per 1,000, Abilene ranks well below the Statewiae Metro average. The 5.633 acres per 1,000 also gives Abilene a figure below the Statewide Metro average for acres per 1,000. 83 C 0 M co 0 C/) 0 0 > ,13 0 0 z M IM z > > C 0 > r z z (0) 'U > 71 0 0 BARRO@ ------ MOCKI GSiRD C 0,; MIR @O Cr z CD D BIN T as 0 GRAPE M ol 0 ST HICKORY OA ST OF MW .I, P III cedar Cree, TREADAWAY PHANTO. HILL BLVD -PLE S, 0 RD 'o z OLDH@ 0 z STADIUMWAY z lop 0 0 z REGION 7 CITY SIZE: METRO PARK AND RECREATION FACILITIES BY TYPE OF PARK UNITS PER THOUSAND DISTRICT COMMUNITY SPECIALTY PEOPLE REGION STATEWIDE TYPE OF FACILITY PARK PARK PARK TOTAL PER 7 AVERAGE (UNITS) (UNITS) (UNITS) UNITS UNIT METRO METRO AREAS Games and Sports: Parks ............................... 5 5 1 11 8,150 .122 .150 Tennis Courts ...................... 17 0 0 17 5,274 .188 .142 Basketball Courts .................. 4 3 0 7 12,808 .077 .071 Baseball/Softball Fields ............ 8 4 0 12 7,471 .133 .186 Football/Soccer Fields ............. 4 0 0 4 22,413 .044 .032 Picnicking: Parks .............................. 5 7 0 12 7,471 .133 .124 Tables .......& ..................... 4Q 34 0 83 1,080 .922 1.230 Playground: Parks .............................. 5 7 0 12 7,471 .133 .170 Acres Developed .................... 4 4 0 8 11,207 .088 .258 Swimming: Parks .............................. 1 0 0 1 89,653 .011 .050 Fools (Sq. yd.) ..................... 378 0 0 378 237 4.200 25.950 Designated Fresh Water (Sq..Yd.)... 0 0 0 0 --- --- 52.242 N Boating: Parks ............................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .006 Ramp Lanes - Fresh Water ........... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .008 Camping: Parks .............................. 0 0 0 0 --- .002 Campsites .......................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .121 Fishing: Parks .............................. 2 1 0 3 29,884 .033 .013 Pier/Barge/Marina"Fresh Water (Yd.) 0 0 0 0 --- --- .049 Golfing: Courses ............................ 0 0 1 1 89,653 .011 .005 Holes .............................. 0 0 18 18 4,981 .200 .100 Trails: Parks ................... I........... 0 0 0 0 - --- .006 Nature (Mi.) ........................ 0 0 0 0 --- --- .009 Horseback (Mi.) .................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .003 Bicycle (Mi.) ...................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .007 Hiking (Mi.) ....................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .006 Total Trails (Mi.) ................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .021 85 REGION 7 PARK AND RECREATION FACILITIES BY TYPE OF PARK CITY SIZE: METRO UNITS PER THOUSAND DISTRICT COMMUNITY SPECIALTY PEOPLE REGION STATEWIDE TYPE OF FACILITY PARK PARK PARK TOTAL PER 7 AVERAGE (UNITS) (UNITS) (UNITS) UNITS UNIT METRO METRO AREAS Sport Shooting: Parks ............................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .002 Traps ............................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .002 Shooting Targets .................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .004 Archery Targets ................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .011 Miscellaneous: Parks ............................. 2 2 0 4 22,413 .044 .038 Amphitheatre Seats ................ 0 0 0 0 --- --- 1.077 Botanical Gardens (Acres) ......... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .077 Zoos (Acres) ...................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .051 Community/Recreation Centers ...... 2 2 0 4 22,413 .044 .038 Most of.Abilene's park and recreation facilities are in either the District or Community Park categories. The only types of facilities in the two Specialty Parks are for golf and games and sports. Only one swimmi*g pool was reported and that in a District Park, while one of the Specialty Parks contains the only golf course. Four community/recreation centers exist, two in District Parks and two in Community Parks. A total of three parks have fishing waters available although no specific facilities were reported, Of the 15 parks, 12 have facilities for picnicking, 12 have playgrounds and 11 have facilities for games and sports. The most common types of games and sports facilities are tennis with 17 courts (all in District Parks), followed by baseball/ softball with 12 fields, basketball with 7 courts, and football/soccer with 4 fields. Looking at the facilities in relation to the number of potential users we find the following: 22,413 persons for each football/soccer field 5,274 persons for each tennis court 22,413 persons for each community/recreation center 4,981 persons for each golf hole 12,808 persons for each basketball court 1,080 persons for each picnic table 11,207 persons for each acre of playground .237 persons for each square yard of swimming pool 7,471 persons for each baseball/softball field Abilene is above the Statewide Metro average for facility units per 1,000 only for tennis courts, basketball courts, foot- ball/soccer fields, golf holes and community/recreation centers, while falling below the average for baseball/softball fields, picnic tables, playground acres and square yards of swimming pools. No designated fresh water swimming area, boat ramp lanes, campsites, yards of fishing pier/barge/marina, trail miles, sport shooting facilities, amphitheatre seats, acres of botanical gardens or zoo acreage were reported. 86 REGION 7 CONVERSION OF FACILITI .ES TO RECREATION OPPORTUNITY DAYS CITY SIZE: METRO Current opportunity days for 1971 were calculated by multiplying the number of facilities available for each activity in the metro area (determined from the Texas Outdoor Recreation Inventory of Parks, Recreation Areas, and Facilities) times the standard for the facility. DAYS PER THOUSAND POPULATION ANNUAL REGION STATEWIDE DAYS 7 AVERAGE ACTIVITY-FACILITY AVAILABLE METRO METRO Swimming (Pools) square yards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,700 630 3,891 Child's Play - playground acres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220,984 2,455 7,137 Baseball/Softball - fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165,648 1,841 2,577 Picnicking - tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141,266 1,570 2,093 Footb'all/Soccer - fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,896 321 235 Golf - holes . . . . . * ' * * * * * * ' ' * * * ' * ' ' * ' 72,846 809 414 Tennis - courts, double . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,798 509 384 Basketball - courts, full . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61,565 684 625 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW - surface acres . . . . . . 2,320,621 25,785 2,962 Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW - boat ramps . . . . . . . . 0 0 103 Trail Activities: Combined Walking, Bicycling, and Nature Study - miles . . . . 0 0 164 The Abilene Metro Area offers,the most opportunity days for surface acres for freshwater boating, boat fishing and @skiing, followed by child's play, baseball/softball, and picnicking. A comparison between the opportunity days per thousand population for the Abilene Metro Area and the Statewide Metro average shows that the Abilene Metro Area surpasses the statewide average for five types of facilities -- football/soccer fields, golf courses (holes), tennis courts, basketball courts, and surface acres for freshwater boating, boat fishing, and skiing. The Abilene Metro Area is below the Statewide Metro average for swimming (in pools)., child's play, baseball/softball and picnicking, with no opportunity days available for freshwater boat ramps and the trails activities. 87 REGION 7 ESTIMATED CURRENT AND FUTURE PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METRO The fourteenth ranking metro area, based on population, Abilene ranked seventeenth in total participation for the year 1970. Estimates for 1970 indicate that residents and non-residents in the area spent over 2.5 million recrea- tion days in pursuit of urban outdoor recreation opportunities available within the metro area. Resident Total days of participation by residents of the Abilene Metropolitan Area were estimated to be 2.3 miftion days in 1970 and are projected to be 3.1 million days in 1975 and 3.9 million days in 1980. These projections for the years 1975 and 1980 represent increases of 32.7 and 67.2 percent, respectively, over the 1970 participation level. Partici- pation on a days per household basis will increase from 76.9 days in 1970 to 101.5 days in 1975, and to 127.7 days in 1980. On a comparative basis, this is significantly below the average for households in the other metropolitan areas across the State. The estimates for 1975 and 1980 indicate increases of 32.0 and 66.0 percent, respectively, over the 1970 estimate for participation on a days per household basis. Of the activities pursued on a days per household basis, all the activities are expected to increase in participation through the year 2000. With respect to total days of participation, all 16 activities will increase in participation. When considering the ranking of activities, driving for pleasure, walking, swimming, child's play, bicycling, and golf ranked one through six in that order in total days of participation in 1970, and were projected to retain those positions in 1975 and 1980. Non-Resident. For the urban outdoor recreation activities specified for 1970, participation within the Abilene-Metropolitan Area by non-residents was estimated to total 152,000 days. Compared to the 1970 level, total participation is expected to decrease 5.3 percent (to 144,000 days) by 1975 and 10.5 percent (to 136,000 days) by 1980. Similar decreases are anticipated for the years 1990 and 2000. In terms of days of participation for 1970, the most popular non-resident activities were: driving for pleasure, with 47,000 days; sightseeing, with 43,000 days; football, with 20,000 days; swimming, with 9,000 days; picnicking, with 8,000 days; and boating, with 6''000 days. A moderate decrease in participation for all activities except fishing and skiing is expected through the year 2000 by non-residents. Neither the character nor relative ranking of the top six activities, over that of 1970, is projected to change by the year 2000. 88 REGION 7 CURRENT AND PROJECTED RESIDENT PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS (OOO'S OF ANNUAL ACTIVITY DAYS) 1970 STATE- 1975 STATE- 1980 1 STATF 1990 STATE- 2000 STATE- REG. 7 WIDE REG. 7 WIDE REG. 7 .WIDE REG. 7 WIDE REG. 7 WIDE METROS METROS METROS METROS METROS METROS METROS METROS METROS METROS PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERA,,E AVERAGE ACTIVITY DAYS RANK DAYSIHH DAYS/HH DAYS RANK DAYq/HH DAYS/HH DAYS RANK DAYS/ DAYS/HH DAYS RANK DAYS/HH DAYS/HH DAYS RANK DAYS/HH DAYS/1111 Swimming 331 3 10.89 27.41 436 4 14.23 36.52 553 3 18.01 47.17 870 3 27.26 75.28 1,194 38.50 110.14 Child's Play 319 4 10.50 14.08 408 5 13.32 17.72 509 4 16.58 22.00 776 4 24.31 32.20 1,044 4 33.67 43.99 Baseball/Softball 16 14 .53 2.78 19 14 .62 3.19 23 15 .75 3.59 32 14 1.00 4.41 40 13 1.29 5.22 Pinnicking 114 7 3.75 5.72 125 7 4.08 5.66 139 7 4.53 5.66 173 8 5.42 5.61 200 8 6.45 5.64 Football/Soccer 35 11 1.15 1.43 35 12 1.14 1.42 36 12 1.17 1.41 39 12 1.22 1.39 39 14 1.26 1.38 Golf 115 6 3.78 3.92 145 6 4.73 4.98 178 6, 5.80 6.16 260 6 8.15 8.96 334 7 10.77 12.07 Tennis 26 13 .86 6.06 27 13 .88 9.21 28 13 .91 @11.49 31 15 .97 16.07 32 15 1.03 21.46 Basketball 89 8 2.93 1.60 90 9 2.94 2.59 90 9 2.93 3.57 94 10 2.94 5.52 91 10 2.93 7.53 Walking 415 2 13.65 18.21 529 2 17.26 23.09 641 2 20.87 29.20 897 2 28.10 39.89 1,095 3 35.31 50.31 Bicycling 289 5 9.51 20.30 626 1 20.43 32.77 963 1 31.36 45.25 1,699 1 53.23 68.44 2,329 1 75.10 95.49 Nature Study 1 16 .03 .72 1 16 .03 1.67 2 16 .07 2.64 3 16 .09 4.63 4 16 .13 6.70 Fishing 55 10 1.66 1.80 58 10 1.89 1.88 60 11 Boating 1.95 1.97 68 11 2.13 2.13 71 11 2.29 2.30 27 12 .82 .88 49 11 1.60 1.60 71 7 2.31 2.31 119 9 3.73 3.74 160 9 5.16 5.17 Skiing 13 15 .39 .42 19 15 .62 .62 25 14 .81 .82 39 12 1.22 1.22 50 12 1.61 1.81 Surfing --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- Sightseeing 71 9 2.34 2.25 94 8 3.07 2.34 130 8 4.23 2.50 235 7 7.36 2.70 381 6 12.29 3.01 Dr. for Pleas. 429 1 14e!2 13.38 450 3 14-69 13.52 47-3 19.4o 13.67 533 5 16.70 13.86 558 5 17.99 14,10 TOTAL 2,345 76.91 120.96 3,111 101.53 158.78 3,921 127.68 199.41 5,868 183.83 286.05 7,622 245.78 386.32 CURRENT AND PROJECTED NON-RESIDENT PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 TOTAL CURRENT AND PROJECTED PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 (000-S OF ANNUAL ACTIVITY DAYS) (OOO'S OF ANNUAL ACTIVITY DAYS) ACTIVITY 1970 1975 0 ACTIVITY 1970 1975 1980 1990 2000 Swimming 9 9 8 8 8 Swimming 340 445 561 878 1,202 Child's Play 1 1 1 i@ Child's Play 320 409 510 776 1,044 Baseball/Softball 2 2 2 1 1 Baseball/Softball 18 21 25 33 41 Picnicking 8 7 7 7 6 Picnicking 122 132 146 180 205 Football/Soccer 20 19 18 17 17 Football/Soccer 55 54 54 56 56 Golf 5 5 4 4 4 Golf 120 150 182 -264 338 Tennis Tennis 26 27 28 31 32 Basketball 2 2 2 1 1 Basketball 91 92 92 95 92 Walking 4 4 4 4 3 Walking 419 533 645 901 1,098 Bicycling Bicycling 289 626 963 1,699 2,329 Nature Study Nature Study 1 1 2 3 4 Fishing 1 1 1 1 1 Fishing 56 59 61 69 72 Boating 6 5 5 5 5 Boating 33 54 76 124 165 Skiing 4 4 4 4 4 Skiing 17 23 29 43 54 Surfing --- --- --- --- --- Surfing --- --- --- --- Sightseeing 43 41 38 36 36 Sightseeing 114 135 168 271 417 Dr. for Pleas. 47 44 42 39 39 Dr. for Pleas. 476 494 515 572 597 TOTAL 152 144 136 127 125 TOTAL 2,497 3,255 4,057 5,995 7,747 Note: Asterisks indicate that projected annual activity days were less than 500. Dashes indicate not applicable. Zeros indicate that the activity was not ranked due to insignificant participation days recorded. 89 REGION 7 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q UJ R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 2 0 0 0 Estimates of urban outdoor recreation resource requirements were developed for the Abilene Metropolitan Area for the years 1970, 1975, 1980, 1990, and 2000 by comparing current-1/ and projected recreation participation with the current recreation opportunities-2/ available in the metro. In addition, the availability and spatial distribution of recrea- tion opportunities provided by parks and recreation facilities were analyzed with respect to subsections of Abilene characterized by residents having similar incomes and ethnic backgrounds. Particular attention was given to those subr sections expected to undergo relatively rapid population growth and physical expansion in the future. Conclusions reached from analyzing the distribution of recreation opportunities within the metropolitan area were used to qualify resource requirement estimates where a less than adequate distribution appeared to exist. In the discussions that follow, results of the distribution analysis of parks within subsections of the Abilene metro Area are presented. Then, estimates of current and future requirements for selected recreational facilities are pre- sented, and are qualified by conclusions reached from the distribution ana.lysis of recreational facilities within sub- sections of the Abilene Metro Area. PARK DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS In analyzing the availability and distribution of parks in the Abilene Metro Area, several characteristics were con- sidered: changes in population (or trends in general, 1960 to 1970), areas of the metrowhich were expected to ex- hibit relatively major expansion, and the dispersion of existing parks among the income/ethnic subsections of the metro. From these interrelated characteristics general conclusions were reached with respect to future park develop- ments for the metro area. Population trends affected estimations of future recreation participation. Projections of population growth for the Abilene Metro indicated that the 1970 population of 89,653 would increase to 92,412 persons by the year 2000. In addition, information provided by urban recreation planners of the area shows that major directions of future urban expansion were expected to occur (illustrated by arrows of decreasing size on the following map, titled "Predominant Ethnic Background and Income Subsections") in the southwest--near Dyess Air Force Base; in the northwest--in the gen- eral vicinity of State Highway 351; and in the southeast--around State Highway 36. For the Abilene Metropolitan Area, local metro area planners delineated nineteen subsections which are indicated on the map titled "Predominant Ethnic Background and Income Subsections". The delineated subsections characterize the homo- geneous residential, or demographic, patterns existing in 1971 by two major socio-economic factors. I/ "Current" participation refers to levels of participation by type of selected recreation activity which were estimated for the year 1970. 2/ "Current" recreation opportunities refers to computed figures derived from the numbers of publicly administered faci- lities by type available within the metro area in 1971. 90 wz > 0 z Xx xx u W 0 0: 1 CL @K 0 )<)<X, w XXX)<)< z 9D V Z ................ IXX .... ............ co AYA WAMPS X)< Xxl)<@< 4) ........... z < WWUM x M --- is We va a Kit," W. 0 X- AIL- ..... .......... 0 a) -Xv- 'i-; c -SP ...... m C .......... U CL Z 'D C) ............. z M r, D 0 o cl 0 0 r Lu ......... . 2-0 -Ir (D > D o :5 En CL Cn Cj LU w @- a . A Z z < < k- z LL, cc 0 0 LU z z Q'i C; z UZ.. z z .0, 4 o < t s 0 -z < z 0 < < < < < z z z z < z z w n 0 0 0 4m 0 0 c < 0 0 0 < 00 E 2 -: 0, -Z o 2 uj ul Z@Z2 z@ q.Z, z@ z 0- 1 c- El El El D REGION.7 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S'O U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 There were six low-income subsections reported. The two small Anglo subsections were located in the central core area and in the north central area north of Interstate Highway 20. The single small Black subsections was southeast of the core area, and the three small low-income Mexican-American subsections were located in the vicinity of the central core area. Seven of the subsections were characterized by middle-income residents making up well over half of the metro area. One Anglo subsection comprised the majority of the southern half and extended all the way through the north central portion of the metro. The other Anglo subsection was northeast of the core area. There,were four middle-income Black subsections, three near the eastern core area and one in the northwestern quadrant toward Dyess Air Force Base and the western growth area. Also toward the air base was a middle-income Mexican-American subsection immediately south of the mid-income Black area. Six high-income Anglo subsections were located around, but not immediately adjacent to, the central core area with one approximately three miles south near Kirby Lake. An analysis of parks dispersion among the subsections was conducted by comprising the "Dispersion of Parks by Type" map with the "Predominant Ethnic Background and Income Subsections" map. overall, parks appeared to be adequately distributed in the core area of the metro. Ten subsections had no publicly available urban parks of any type. Both low-income Anglo subsections and the low-income Mexican-American subsection just south of the core area had no parks. Four middle-income subsections were completely devoid of parks, the northeastern Anglo section, the most eastern and the most western Black subsections, and the western Mexican-American subsection. Three high-income Anglo subsections lacked parks, the very small subsection east of the core area and the subsections near Lakes Lytle and Kirby. All of those subsections, however, appeared to be relAtively close to a park of some type, i.e., within two to three miles. Parks with recreation facilities appeared to be needed throughout the metro area, with consideration most apparently needed for the peripheral and growth areas particularly in the west, southwest, east, and northeast. Open land parks should be considered throughout the metro where resources are available. @ In addition to maintaining an adequate dispersion of parks in all portions of the metro area, the provision of different types of recreational facilities in parks is also an important consideration. An-analysis of the current and future requirements for selected recreational facilities and the current dispersion of facilities in the Abilene Metro Area is presented in the following,discussions. FACILITY REQUIREMENTS AND DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS As mentioned previously, requirements for selected recreational facilities (see the following table) were calculated for the years 1970, 1975, 1980, 1990, and 2000. Then, an analysis of the dispersion of existing facilities among the predominant income/ethnic background subsections and the major growth areas of the metro was conducted. Conclusions reached from the facility dispersion analysis were then used to qualify the facility requirement estimates, particularly in those cases where no additional facilities were estimated as being needed within the metropolitan area. Usually, special note is made where growth areas appeared to have limited facilities. 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At 1,702 days of opportunity per table per year (standard) the existing tables provided approximately 141,000 days annually. Although the existing number of tables was expected to be adequate through 1975, additional tables will be required in the planning years subsequent to 1975. Three additional tables will be needed by the year 1980, another 20 needed by 1990, and an additional 15 tables will be needed by the year 2000, to bring the Abilene Metro Area total requirement to 38 tables. The distribution analysis of picnicking facilities indicated adequate dispersion among the existing subsections, except for the outlying sub- sections of northern, western, and southern Abilene. As the metro area grows, provision of additional tables in the growth areas should be considered. Football/Soccer Each of the four football/soccer fields in the Abilene Metro Area provided on the average 7,224 days of opportunity annually. In to 'tal, this amounted to approximately 29,000 available opportunity days in 1971. In 1970, there was a need for four additional fields which was estimated to be adequate to meet facility requirements through the year 2000. The distribution of football/soccer facilities could not be discerned from available data, but local analysis can insure adequate distribution and attention to growth areas. Golf The only publicly-administered course in Abilene in 1971 provided eighteen holes of golf. Each golf hole was cal- culated to be capable of providing 4,047 days of recreation opportunity annually. Abilene golfers, then, should have had about 73,000 days of opportunity provided annually by this public course. Comparing the expected participation for the projection years with the number of opportunity days available in 1971 shows that an additional twelve holes (at least one nine-hole course would have been required) in 1970. Incremental additions of 7, 8, 20, and 18 holes were calculated to be needed in the years 1975, 1980, 1990, and 2000, respectively, to meet expected increases in golfing participation. As a general rule, golf courses are constructed in multiples of nine holes; ther,efore, by the year 2000, the Abilene Metro Area will need slightly over seven additional nine-hole courses (sixty-five holes) or three eighteen-hole courses and one nine-hole course, or some appropriate combination which-considers local re- sources. Tennis The 46,000 opportunity days provided by the seventeen public tennis courts available in 1971 (each court can make avail- able about 2,694 days of opportunity per year) apparently were adequate to meet facility requirements for the metro through the year 2000. Although dispersion of these facilities cannot be discerned from available data, it is important that an adequate distribution be considered in current and future planning efforts. 94 REGION 7- R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: NETROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 Basketball Based on a standard of 8,795 days per year per court-, the seven basketball courts reported in 1971 provided approxi- mately 62,000 opportunity days. By co 'mparing available opportunity days with estimated demand for each projection year, as expressed in the Abilene recreation resource requirement table, it is apparent that three additional courts were needed for 1970 with one additional court needed by 1990 to make a cumulative requirement of four courts through the year 2000. Dispersion analysis of basketball facilities could not be accomplished with available data for 1971., but adequate distribution is an important planning consideration. Trails Activities There were no walking, bicycling, and nature study trails reported in the Abilene Metropolitan Area in 1971. Estimates of expected participation for walking, bicycling, and nature study occurring in the park and recreation areas compared with the absence of opportunity days indicates that approximately seven miles of combined trails would have been re- quired in 1970. Given the expected increase in participation in trails activities, incremental additions were project- ed to be 3 miles in 1975, 3 miles in 1980, 6 miles in 1990, and 6 miles in the year 2000. Overall, a total of twenty- five miles of additional trails should be added by the year 2000 to meet expected participation levels. A relatively small proportion of the total participation in trail and related activities was estimated to take place in publicly-administered park and recreation areas. It is likely, however, that as trail facilities are provided, the relative proportion of total participation will increase at these recreation areas. Thus, the above estimates of resources required may be conservative in the long run and should be considered as minimum estimates. In addition to the expectations for increases in participation in trail and related activities at publicly- administered park and re- creation areas, it is clear that the major proportion of walking, bicycling, and nature study is occurring in places other than established recreation areas. The majority of this participation is most likely taking place in local neighborhoods, on city streets, and on available open lands@within the area. This phenomenon has direct policy impli- cations with respect to the provision of sidewalks within currently existing and newly developing neighborhoods, the development of a system of bike lanes in high use areas, and the provision of adequate open space and green belt areas within the metro area. Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing Surface Acres - Freshwater Lakes (Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing) A total of 5,563 surface acres of freshwater lakes were reported as available for water-related recreation within the Abilene Metro in 1971. Using participation patterns of the households recreating within' the urban areas, it was esti- mated that a total of 62,000 days of freshwater boating', boat fishing, and skiing participation occurred in 1970. Of these 62,000 days, 33,000 were boating participation days, 12,000 were boat fishing days, and 17,000 were skiing days. Projections developed for the water-related activities indicated no additional resource requirements for surface acres of freshwater lakes through the year 2000. 95 REGION 7 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 Freshwater Boat Rampsl/ No publicly administered freshwater boat lanes were reported for the Abilene Metro in 1971. By estimating the 1970 total freshwater boat @ishing, skiing, and boating participation which would occur using boat ramp facilities to gain access to the water, it was estimated that two boat ramps were needed in 1970. Increases in boat fishing, skiing, and boating participation were projected to require incremental freshwater boat ramp additions of one by 1980, two by 1990, and one by the year 2000, bringing the cumulative requirement to six ramps by the year 2000. Since boat ramps are the most frequently used means by which boaters, skiers, and boat fishermen gain access to freshwater lakes, the provision of freshwater boat ramps required could be constructed on existing freshwater lakes if the lakes are available for water- related activities. Summary of Facilities Requirements The following selected types of recreational facilities were found to be required in every planning horizon year: swimming pools; playgrounds; football/soccer fields; golf courses; basketball courts; and designated trails for walking, bicycling, and/or nature study. In addition, freshwater boat ramps were needed in all planning horizon years except 1975. The only existing public swimming pool was located in the district park located in a predominantly middle-income Black neighborhood south of Abilene Christian College. Location of additional swimming pools should be an important consider- ation in providing adequate dispersion throughout the metro. Dispersion of football/soccer fields.and basketball courts was not discernable from available data; therefore, require- ments for the income/ethnic subsections were not determined, but indications were that many of the subsections needed facilities. Playgrounds appeared to be relatively well dispersed among the eighteen socio-economic subsections. Fu- ture playground development should focus on maintaining this distribution with special attention given to growth areas. The only publicly-administered golf course was at the specialty park adjacent to Cedar Creek and east of Treadway Boulevard in south central Abilene. It appeared that any new golf courses should be considered for the northeastern half of the metro. The dispersion analysis revealed that no existing trails or publicly-administered boat ramps were available. In terms of the other designated activities, additional picnicking facilities will be required beginning in 1980; baseball fields, tennis courts, and surface acres of fresh water were calculated to be adequate through the year 2000. l/ In calculating freshwater boat ramp-resource requirements the assumption was made that each boat ramp has two lanes Supply figures listed in the "Park and Recreation Facilities by Type of Park" table and quoted in the narratives are in terms of single lanes. 96 REGION 7 RECREATION RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE-. METROS TOTAL 1971 OPPORTUNITY NET OPPORTUNITY DAYS PARTICIPATION DAYS AVAILABLE (OOO'S OF UNITS OF RECREATION (OOO'S OF (OOO'S OF ACTIVITY DAYS) RESOURCES REQUIRED YEAR ACTIVITY ACTIVITY DAYS) ACTIVITY DAYS DEFICIT SURPLUS CUMULATIVE INCREMENTAL Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 320 57 263 1,753 square yards-2/ 1,753 square yards!/ Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 320 221 99 4 acres 4 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 18 166 148 0 fields 0 fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 141 19 0 tables 0 tables Football/Soccer4 . . . . . . . . . . . 55 29 26 4 fields 4 fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 73 47 12 holes 12 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 46 20 0 courts, dbl. 0 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 62 29 3 courts, full 3 courts, full 1970 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 62 2,321 2,259 0 surfac acres 0 surfac7 acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 47 0 47 2 ramps-37 2 ramps-3 Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 5 miles 5 miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 4/ 2 miles 2 miles -4/ Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . T_ <l,mile <1 mile Combined Walking, Bicycling, Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 56 0 56 7 miles 7 miles ACTIVITY Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 418 57 361 2,413 square yards-2/ 660 square yards!/ Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 409 221 188 7 acres 3 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 21 166 145 0 fields 0 fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . 132 141 9 0 tables 0 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . 54 29 25 4 fields 0 fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 73 77 19 holes 7 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 46 19 0 courts, dbl. 0 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 62 30 3 courts, full 0 courts, full 1975 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 89 2,321 2,232 0 surfaS@ acres 0 surfac@ acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 65 0 65 2 ramps- 0 ramps2 Trails Activities: Walking . . . I . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 4/ 7 miles 2 miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 4/ 3 miles I mile Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . <1 mile 0 miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 81 4/ 0 81 10 miles 3 miles 97 REGION 7 RECREATION RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS TOTAL 1971 OPPORTUNITY NET OPPORTUNITY DAYS PARTICIPATION DAYS AVAILABLE (OOO'S OF UNITS OF RECREATION (OOO'S OF (OOO'S OF ACTIVITY DAYS) RESOURCES REQUIRED YEAR ACTIVITY ACTIVITY DAYS ACTIVITY DLYS) DEFICIT SURPLUS CUMULATIVE INCREMENTAL___ Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 527 57 470 3,133 square yardsV 720 square yardsV Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 510 221 289 11 acres 4 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 25 166 141 0fields 0 fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 141 5 3tables 3 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 29 25 4fields 0 fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 73 109 27 holes 8 holes Tennis . . . 28 46 18 0courts, dbl. 0 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 62 30 3courts, full 0 courts, full 1980 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing F14 118 2,321 2,203 0surfac 0 surfac7 acres 3@ acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 85 0 85 ramps@ I ramp - Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 8miles I mile Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 4/ 5miles 2 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . W/ < Imile 0 miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 107 4/ 0 107 13 miles 3 miles ACTIVITY Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 825 1/ 57 768 5,120 square yards-2/ 1,987 square yards2/ Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 776 221 555 20 acres 9 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 33 166 133 0fields 0 fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 141 39 23 tables 20 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 29 27 4fields 0 fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264 73 191 47 holes 20 holes Tennis 31 46 15 0courts, dbl. 0 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 62 33 4courts, full 1 court, full 1990 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 182 2,321 2,139 0surface acres 0 surface acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 128 0 128 5ramps-3/ 2 ramps-3/ Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 95 4/ 11 miles 3 miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 4/ 8miles 3 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4/ <1 mile 0 miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 164 4/ 0 164 19 miles 6 miles 98 REGION 7 RECREATION RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS TOTAL 1971 OPPORTUNITY NET OPPORTUNITY DAYS PARTICIPATION DAYS AVAILABLE (000's OF UNITS OF RECREATION (000-S OF . (000's OF ACTIVITY DAYS) RESOURCES REQUIRED YEAR ACTIVITY ACTIVITY DAYS) ACTIVITY DAYS) DEFICIT SURPLUS CUMULATIVE- INCREMENTAL Swimming (Pools) ... . . . . . . . . . 1,130 -11 57 1,073 7,153 square yards-21 2,033 square yards-21 Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 1,044 221 823 30 acres 10 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 41 166 125 0 fields 0fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 141 65 38 tables 15 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 29 27 4 fields 0fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338 73 265 65 holes 18 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 46 14 0 courts, dbl. 0courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 62 30 4 courts, full 0court, full 2000 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FINT 234 2,321 2,087 0 surfaS7 acres 0surface acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 164 0 164 6 ramps@ 1ramp 3/ Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 4/ 14 miles 3miles Bicycling . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 4/ 11 miles 3miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 <1 mile 0miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 209 0 209 25 miles 6miles q Note: Asterisks indicate that projected annual activity days were less than 500. I/ Includes only swimming participation occurring in swimming pools, 94 percent of the total in urban arpn@. @/ Designated freshwater swimming areas may be substituted for swimming pools. When making substitutions consider total swimming participation. 2J Assumes 2.0 lanes per ramp. 4/ Reflects estimated participation occurring in park and recreation areas; does not include participation occurring outside park and recreation areas. Of the total walking, bicycling, and nature study participation it was determined that 10.5, 4.0, and 20.1 percent, respectively for each activity, occurs in park and recreation areas. 99 LL ......... 2L 14 DE.- WDE OR ol .1 Mi TCU c 0 2 m 0 ol 1. 0 0 0 x CO LNS AVE, 31 m > REGION 10 REGIONAL DESCRIPTION: FORT WORTH NETROPOLITAN AREA The Fort Worth Metropolitan Area.is composed of the cities of Fort POPULATION Worth, Arlington, Halt9m City, Hurst, North Richland Hills, White 1970 Metro Area Population: 636,143 Settlement, and Bedford, and the towns of Richland, Forest Hill, Change 1960-1970: +28% River Oaks, Benbrook, Lake Worth Village, Sansom Park Village, Race Composition:I/ Westworth Village, Kennedale, Saginaw, Pantego, Edgecliff Village, White ..... 88% 1/ Dalworthington Gardens, and Westover Hills. Contrary to its name, Negro ..... 11% Fort Worth has never been a fort. It began as a camp where federal Other ..... 1% troops under General Winfield Scott were stationed in 1849 to main- Age Composition (years). l/ tain control over Indian tribes, particularly the Comanches. The 13 or less ..... 28% name came from General William Jenkins Worth, a hero of the Mexican 14 - 20 ..... 13% War. Fort Worth's first prosperity came from the livestock and 21 - 44 ..... 33% meat packing industry, then shipping oil and oil well supplies 45 - 64 ..... 19% became major aspects of the economy. Aerospace and various other 65 and over ..... 7% industries contribute further to the city's economy. ECONOMY Fort Worth, known as "where the West begins," has several museums Aerospace and sites which reflect the frontier heritage of the Old West. Agribusiness The Amon G. Carter Museum of Western Art features among other Transportation things a permanent collection of paintings by Frederic Remington and Charles Russell. Heritage Hall describes the early develop- ment of the Fort Worth Metropolitan Area and life in the old Southwest. Seven authentic pioneer homes built in the 1850's are grouped together in Forest Park and are known as Log Cabin Village. The stockyards area has western- style stores and'restaurants. Other museums include the Fort Worth Museum of Science and History and the Fort Worth Art Center. The Lord's Supper is a life-sized wax model exhibit of Leonardo da Vinci's famous painting. The Dr. May Owen Hall of Medical Science is the largest health museum in the world. This metropolitan area also has a large botanical garden at Trinity Park, the James R. Record Aquarium, and ForA-st Park Zoo at Forest Park. The longest miniature train in the world is there. The Greer Island Nature Center and Refuge, nine miles northwest of town, is designed to teach principles of conserva- tion and nature appreciation to young people. The performing arts are represented by the Casa Manana Theater (a nationally-known theater- in-the-round in which summer musicals are held) , William Edrington Scott Theater, and the Will Rogers Memorial Coliseum, Auditorium and Exhibit Buildings, which span 14 blocks of downtown Fort Worth. The fine arts are further represented by the Fort Worth Community Theater, Civic Opera, Fort Worth Symphony, Ballet Theater, Texas Boys' Choir, Children's Theater, Civic Music, and the Woman's Club. I/ Due to lack of information for some suburbs in the metropolitan area, data for the entire county was used from the 1970 Census. 2/ Includes persons of Mexican and/or Spanish descent. 101 REGION 10 Continued The institutions of higher education in the Fort Worth Metropolitan Area include Texas Christian University, South- western Baptist Theological Seminary, Texas Wesleyan College, Fort Worth Christian College, and Tarrant County Junior College. Major events include the Automobile Show (January), Fort Worth Fat Stock Show & Rodeo (late January and early February), World-Wide Antique Show (February), State Golden Gloves Tournament (Februa'ry), Boat Show (February), Mardi Gras Carnival (week before Lent), Southwestern Track & Field & Golf Tournament (March), Six Flags Park (Easter through Thanksgiving), Tarrant County Art Show,(April), Colonial National Invitational Golf Tournament (May), Miss Texas Pageant (July), Texas League Baseball (summer months), and National Cutting Horse Festivity (December). Arlington is the location of Six Flags Over Texas, the top tourist attraction in Texas according to the Texas Tourist Development Agency, and the site of Seven Seas, an amusement park featuring sea life and attractions from each of the seven seas of the world. Turnpike Stadium is the home of the Texas League Baseball Spurs. Surpassing its beginnings as a rail stop between Dallas and Fort Worth, Arlington is now home for the world's largest planned industrial development, the Great Southwest Industrial District. The University of Texas at Arlington is located there along with Bible Baptist Junior College and Bible Baptist Seminary. Annual attractions are the Pecan Bowl, the Arlington Relays (one of the outstanding outdoor meets in the State), the Starving Artist Art Show (May and September), the Miss Arlington Contest (May), and the Miss Flame Contest (September). The former Washington Senators Baseball Club, now named the Texas Rangers, began the 1972 season in Turnpike Stadium. 102 REGION 10 CITY SIZE: METRO P U B L I C L Y A D M I N I S T E R E D R E C R E A T 1 0 N 0 P P 0 R T U N I T I E S LAND AND WATER ACREAGE ACRES REGION STATEWIDE 10 AVERAGE METRO METRO AREAS 90% Developed Land 7,903 1,307 REGION Undeveloped Land 868 .536 10 10% Total Land 8,771 1,843 METRO Water Within or Adjacent 9,964 1,006 Total Land and Water 18,735 2,849 DEVELOPED LAND UNDEVELOPED LAND The Fort Worth Metro Area has a total of 8,771 acres of land set aside as park and recreation areas. In addition, ,9,964 surface acres of water either within or adjacent to these parks were reported. Of the total land acreage, 7,903 acres are developed with 71% facilities, leaving 868 acres available for future STATEWIDE development. With 90 percent of the land acreage AVERAGE currently developed, the Area is well above the Statewide METRO AREAS Metro average of 71 percent. 29% 9 TWI. J'/ 7 rl.@ 103 03 :3 flo W00N) (D m n m lb 0 H 0 H fD rt 0 CD0 pli @tH< C> @r pq- rr 0) PV W(D (D C) (D 10 m pq, ED cn F@. to w m C 0 m M @l ch cr m pi z D) rl CrQ .0) (D rt I-d 0 OV Sb @-hH m pi m 0 00 Lo CL :c oll su m00H 10 m pi m (D pi t F- 00 D3 Lo rt zr0 D) pq w H 10 14 CL 23 03 "0 rt mic0 0 rt :@ 23 rn 0 0 03 0 pi 0 (D :3 V. 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H.Vm CL 10 0 0rtM 09 C> 0 0 0 0 0 ,3: (D m 0 0'.4 0 0 Lo C) 0 Un C fD 0 rb rT " 0 Oll 0 0 rt V 0 0@d0 14 "m t-h cr @-hMrT 0r?, @i 930 0) @:r ca (a c@ v .(D 14 (Du (D0 03 "a lb L4 00 L.) pi< H 1@1 M@-h<0 --J - 03 (D (D 0 0(D CL -0, IA mpi pi r@ Pt V Ij F- -4 0 ON 0 m23 m rr PI 03 lb OD w Lo ID --j m 0) con H . ;,j "(1) 0 :E: rt (D" X, 0 -4 0 0 C@ C') 0 :;1, 0 l<M w 0 00 0 CD ON 0 PI .00lb 0 OD Lj o D) rr (D :J GQ 0 rn CD 0 n0 pi "ic m 0 M(D m ?-h 03 @-40 u)< 0 rr 0, rt 9 (D H o ::r VP't 0 r- CL M rr 17, 00 -1 :3 Ln C) @4 41 Ln as w C) co C) -0 toll tHzp CD a% 0 0 ON 0 > Q 4-1 0 0 -4 0 cn Li LLJ CL 0 > Q uj C/) cc Y- cc < CL < LL z alz CL < C; CL 0 >- 0 EL F- z z E5 b.. ct o F- C.) D < LLJ Fn (r < Ir z cr- (L F- w w uj z S2 0 EL CL 0 CL < 0 L) 0 T To 0 o e 00 C 0 D 0 0 0 0 X0 0 00 10 > 0 C) 0 0 IN H 0 OV, s VIIHDI. CIO 11314 ll@ 0 0 6 0 0 .3 @0-3a 10 0 0* 3@ N33CI Is llwd@3w @o p 0 a 3@@ HA is S3 0 13 (30 0 0 ALIS13AIN a 0 N zl 0 z o I-- v > E z ED 0 U :cl ?.0 13 2 c 0 0 cn REGION 10 CITY SIZE: METRO PARK AND RECREATION FACILITIES BY TYPE OF PARK UNITS PER THOUSAND DISTRICT COMKUNITY SPECIALTY PEOPLE REGION STATEWIDE TYPE OF FACILITY PARK PARK PARK TOTAL PER 10 AVERAGE (UNITS) (UNITS) (UNITS) UNITS UNIT METRO METRO AREAS Games and Sports: Parks .............................. 28 53 6 87 7,311 .136 .150 Tennis Courts ...................... 36 19 1 56 11,359 .088 .142 Basketball Courts .................. 3 7 1 11 57,831 .017 .071 Baseball/Softball Fields ........... 48 23 3 74 8,596 .116 .186 Football/Soccer Fields ............. 6 7 1 14 45,439 o022 .032 Picnicking: Parks ....... o.................... o. 28 41 4 73 8,714 .114 .124 Tables.... .................. o...... 229 123 43 395 1,610 .621 1.230 Playground: 30 68 7 105 6,058 .165 .170 Parks ............................ o. Acres Devel6ped. ............. o ..... 27 70 6 103 6,176 .161 .258 Swimming: Parks .......................... 11 8 0 19 33,481 .029 .050 Pools (Sq. Yd.) ................ 7,353 4,765 0 12,118 52 19.053 25.950 Designated Fresh Water (Sq. Yd.) ... 5,000 0 0 5,000 127 7.86.1 52.242 Boating: Parks .................... o ......... 4 5 8 17 37,420 .026 .006 Ramp Lanes - Fresh Water ........... 10 8 2 20 31,807 .031 .008 Camping: Parks ..... o........................ 0 1 0 1 636,143 .001 .002 Campsites ................ o ......... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .121 Fishing: Parks ........ oo .................... 8 4 9 21 30,292 .033 .013 Pier/Barge/Marina-Fresh Water (Yd.) 0 80 0 80 7,951 .125 .049 Golfing: Courses ............................ 2 0 4 6 106,023 .009 .005 Holes .............................. 27 0 81 108 5,890 .169 .100 Trails: Parks .............................. 2 0 1 3 212,047 .004 .006 Nature (Mi.) ....................... 0 0 8 8 79,518 .013 .009 Horseback (Mi.) .................... 2 0 0 2 318,071 .003 .003 Bicycle (Mi.) ................. o .... 3 0 0 3 212,047 .004 .007 Hiking (Mi.) ....................... 3 0 0 3 212,047 .004 .006 Total Trails (Mi.) ....... o ......... 8 0 8 16 39,758 o025 .021 106 REGION 10 PARK AND RECREATION FACILITIES BY TYPE OF PARK CITY SIZE: METRO UNITS PER THOUSAND DISTRICT COMMUNITY SPECIALTY PEOPLE REGION STATEWIDE TYPE OF FACILITY PARK PARK PARK TOTAL PER 10 AVERAGE (UNITS) (UNITS) (UNITS) UNITS UNIT METRO METRO AREAS Sport Shooting: Parks ............................. 0 0 1 1 636,143 .001 .002 Traps ............................... 0 0 6 6 106,023 .009 .002 Shooting Targets .................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .004 Archery Targets .................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .011 Miscellaneous: Parks ............................. 8 7 2 17 37,420 .026 .038 Amphitheatre Seats ................ 0 0 0 0 --- 1.077 Botanical Gardens (Acres) ......... 125 0 0 125 5,089 .196 .077 Zoos (Acres) ....................... 150 0 0 150 4,240 .235 .051 Community/Recreation Centers ...... 8 7: 3 18 35,341 .028 .038 Most of the park and recreation facilities in the Fort Worth Metro Area are in the District and Community Park categories where all of the swimming facilities exist. Designated fresh water swimming area was also reported in the District Park category. One Specialty Park has sport shooting facilities while the District Park category has zoo and botanical garden facilities. Twenty-one parks have water acreage for fishing although most of these have no specific fishing facilities. Camping is permitted in only one park, and that a Community Park. Eighteen community/recreation centers and 16 miles of trails were reported. Seventeen parks have boating waters available and 6 have golf courses. of the 167 parks, 105 have playgrounds, 87 have facilities for games and sports, 73 have picnicking facilities and 19 have swimming facilities. The most common types of games and sports facilities are baseball/softball with 74 fields, followed by tennis with 56 courts, football/socc6r with 14 fields and basketball with 11 courts. Looking at selected facilities in relation to the number of potential users we find the following: 57,831 persons for each basketball court 8,596 persons for each baseball/softball field 45,439 persons for each football/soccer field 6,176 persons for each acre of playground 39,758 persons for each mile of trails 5,890 persons for each golf.hole 35,341 persons for each community/recreation center 1,610 persons for each picnic table 11,359 persons for each tennis court 52 persons for each square yard of swimming pool The Fort Worth Metro Area is above the Statewide Metro average for facility units per 1,000 for boat ramp lanes, yards of fishing pier/barge/marina, golf holes, trail miles, shooting traps, acres of botanical gardens and zoo acreage. The Area is below the average f or tennis courts, basketball courts, baseball/sof tball f ields, f ootball/soccer f ields, picnic tables, playground acres, square yards of swimming pools, designated fresh water swimming area and community/recreation centers. No campsites, shooting targets, archery targets or amphitheatre seats were reported. 107 REGION 10 CONVERSION OF FACILITIES TO RECREATION OPPORTUNITY DAYS CITY SIZE: METRO Current opportunity days for 1971 were calculated by multiplying the number of facilities available for each activity in the metro area (determined from the Texas Outdoor Recreation Inventory of Parks, Recreation Areas, and Facilities) times the standard for'the facility. DAYS PER THOUSAND POPULATION ANNUAL REGION STATEWIDE DAYS 10 AVERAGE ACTIVITY-FACILITY AVAILABLE METRO METRO Swimming (Pools) square yards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,817,700 2,858 3,891 Child's Play - playground acres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,845,169 4,474 7,137 Baseball/Softball - fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,021,496 1,606 2,577 Picnicking - tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 672,290 1,057 2,093 Football/Soccer - fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101,136 159 235 Golf - holes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437,076 687 414 Tennis - courts, double . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150,864 237 384 Basketball - courts, full . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96,745 152 625 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW - surface acres . . . . . . 4,156,510 6,535 2,962 Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW - boat ramps . . . . . . . . 269,720 424 103 Trail Activities: Combined Walking, Bicycling, and Nature Study - miles . . . . 118,496 186 164 The Fort Worth Metro Area offers the most opportunity days for surface acres for freshwater boating, boat fishing and skiing, followed by child's play, swimming (in pools) and baseball/softball. A comparison between the oppor- tunity days per thousand population for the Fort Worth Metro Area and the Statewide Metro average shows that the Fort Worth Metro Area surpasses the statewide average for four types of facilities -- golf courses (holes), surface acres for freshwater boating, boat fishing and skiing, freshwater boat ramps and the miles of trails for the trails activities. The Fort Worth Metro Area is below the Statewide Metro average for swimming (in pools), child's play, baseball/softball, picnicking, football/soccer, tennis and basketball. 108 REGION 10 ESTIMATED CURRENT AND FUTURE PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE:. METRO The fourth ranking metro area, based on population, Fort Worth ranked fourth in total participation for the year 1970. Estimates for 1970 indicate that residents and non-residents in the area spent over 30.4 million recreation days in pursuit of urban outdoor recreation opportunities available within the metro area. Resident Total days of participation in urban outdoor recreation activities by the residents of the Fort Worth Metropolitan Area for the 16 activities shown were estimated to be 28.9 million days in 1970. Total participation is expected to increase to 42.7 million days in 1975 and to 59.2 million days in 1980. These projections represent increases of 47.8 percent by 1975 and 104.6 percent by 1980. Participation on a days per household basis is projected to increase from 138.6 days in 1970 to 178.5 days in 1975, and to 220.6 days in 1980--increases of 28.8 and 59.1 percent, respec- tively, over the 1970 level. Residents of the Fort Worth Metropolitan Area are expected to participate at a rate of 15, 17, and 18 days per household above the statewide average for the other Texas metropolitan areas in 1970, 1975, and 1980, respectively. For the more distant years of 1990 and 2000, total days of participation and days per house- hold are expected to increase and days per household will remain above the statewide average for all metropolitan areas. Projections for specific activitie's indicate that each of the 16 activities will increase in total days of participa- tion through the years of 1975 and 1980. On a days'per household bas 'is, participation is expected to increase in 15 activities by 1980, while football will decline slightly. Based on total days of participation, the six most popular activities in 1970 were: bicycling, walking, swimming, child's play, driving for pleasure, and picnicking. Partici- pation in golf is expected to increase 50.5 percent by 1975 and this activity will replace picnicking as the sixth ranked activity. By 1980 the six most popular activities in the Fort Worth Metropolitan Area are expected to be: bicycling, swimming, walking, child's play, driving for pleasure, and golf. Non-Resident Participation in urban outdoor recreation activities within the Fort Worth Metropolitan Area by non-residents was estimated to total 1,491,000 days for the activities specified for 1970. Compared to the 1970 level, total participa- tion is expected to increase 17.3 percent (to 1,749,000 days) by 1975, and 34.1 percent (to 2,000,000 days) by 1980. Similar increases are anticipated through the years 1990 and 2000. Of the specified activities, the most popular activities by non-residents for 1970 were: picnicking, with 311,000 days-, swimming, with 292,000 days; sightseeing, with 282,000 days; fishing, with 163,000 days; driving for pleasure, with 141,000 days; and baseball, with 87,000 days. Assuming adequate facilities are made available, all activities are expected to increase significantly through the year 2000, but the relative ranking of individual activities should remain the same as the 1970 standings. 109 REGION 10 CURRENT AND PROJECTED RESIDENT PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: IETROS (000-S OF ANNUAL ACTIVITY DAYS) 1970 1975 1980 1990 2000 STATE- STATE- STATE- STATE- STATE- REC,10 WIDE REG.10 WIDE REC.10 WIDE REG.10 WIDE REG.10 WIDE NETROS MEMOS =ROS METROS METROS ISTROS MFTROS METROS METROS METROS PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE ACTIVITY DAYS RANK DAYS/1111 DAYS/HH DAYS RANK DAYq/HH DAYS/1111 DAYS RANK DAYS/ DAYS/HH DAYS RANK DAYS/HH DAYS/HH DAYS RANK DAYS/HH DAYS/HH Swimming 4,300 3 20.62 27.41 6,747 3 28.18 36.52 9,975 2 37.07 47.17 19,990 2 59.54 75.28 33,780 2 87.99 110.14 Child's Play 2,661 4 12.76 14.08 3,974 4 16.60 17.72 5,642 4 20.97 22.00 10,510 4 31.30 32.20 16,720 4 43.55 43.99 Baseball/Softball 430 10 2.06 2.78 585 10 2.44 3.19 763 10 2.84 3.59 1,225 12 13.65 4.41 1,723 12 4.49 5.22 Picnicking 936 6 4.49 5.72 1,092 9 4.56 5.66 1,244 9 4.62 5.66 1,592 9 4.74 5.61 1,856 11 4.83 5.64 Football/Soccer 285 13 1.37 1.43 326 15 1.36 1.42 365 15 1.36 1.41 452 15 1.35 1.39 513 16 1.34 1.38 Golf 842 7 4.04 3.92 1,267 6 5.29 4.98 1,803 6 6.70 6.16 3,356 6 10.00 8.96 5,331 5 13.89 12.07 Tennis 786 9 3.77 6.06 1,248 7 5.21 9.21 1,658 7 6.16 11.49 2,655 7 7.91 16.07 3,721 7 9.69 21.46 Basketball 825 8 3.96 1.60 1,112 8 4.64 2.59 1,436 8 5.34 3.57 2,254 8 6.71 5.52 3,108 8 8.10 7.53 Walking 5,286 2 25.34 18.21 7,391 2 30.87 23.09 9,791 3 37.05 29.20 15,923 3 47.43 39.89 22,445 3 58.39 50.31 Bicycling 9,462 1 45.37 20.30 14,872 1 62.-ll 32.77 21,217 1 78.84 45.25 37,712 1 112.33 68.44 55,973 1 145.80 95.49 Nature Study 120 15 .53 .72 378 14 1.58 1.67 706 11 2.62 2.64 1,582 10 4.71 4.63 2,611 9 6.80 6.70 Fishing 374 11 1.79 1.80 450 11 1.88 1.88 529 13 1.97 1.97 717 14 2.14 2.13 885 14 2.31 2.30 Boating 184 14 .88 .88 382 13 1.60 1.60 622 12 2.31 2.31 1,256 11 3.74 3.74 1,985 10 5.17 5.17 Skiing 87 16 .42 .42 148 16 .62 .62 220 16 .82 .82 409 16 1.22 1.22 622 15 1.62 1.81 Surfing --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- Sightseeing 320 12 1.53 2.25 412 12 1.72 2.34 510 14 1.90 2.50 744: 13 2.22 2.70 960 13 2.50 3.01 13.38 13.52 2,685 5 9a 98 13.67 3,435 5 M23 13.86 4 Dr. for Pleas. 0.17 5 9.61 2 012 6 10.45 14.10 .j.3.55 .j M3 TOTAL 28,915 138.60 120.96 42,739 178.49 158.78 59,166 220.55 199.41 103,812 309.22 286.05 156,245 406.92 213.83 CURRENT AND PROJECTED NON-RESIDENT PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 TOTAL CURRENT AND PROJECTED PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 (OOO'S OF ANNUAL ACTIVITY DAYS) (000-S OF ANNUAL ACTIVITY DAYS) ACTIVITY 1970 1975 1980 1990 2000 ACTIVITY 1970 1975 1980 1990 2000 Swimming 292 342 391 506 602 Swimming 4,592 7,089 10,366 20,496 34,382 Child's Play 68 80 91 118 140 Child's Play 2,729 4,054 5,733 10,628 16,860 Baseball/Softball 87 102 116 151 179 Baseball/Softball 517 687 879 1,376 1,902 Picnicking 311 364 417 539 641 Picnicking 1,247 1,456 1,661 2,131 2,497 Football/Soccer 43 50 57 74 88 Football/Soccer 328 376 422 526 601 Golf 67 78 89 115 137 Golf 909 1,345 1,892 3,471 5,468 Tennis I 1 1 2 2 Tennis 787 1,249 1,659 2,657 3,723 Basketball Basketball 825 1,112 1,436 2,254 3,108 Walking 19 22 25 32 39 Walking 5,305 7,413 9,816 15,955 22,484 Bicycling I I I Bicycling 9,462 14,872 21,218 37,713 55,974 Nature Study Nature Study 120 378 706 1,582 2,611 Fishing 163 196 224 290 345 Fishing 537 646 753 1,007 1,230 Boating 16 19 21 28 33 Boating 200 401 643 1,284 2,018 Skiing 1 1 1 2 2 Skiing 88 149 221 411 624 Surfing --- --- --- --- --- Surfing --- --- --- Sightseeing 282 330 378 489 581 Sightseeing 602 742 888 1,233 1,541 Dr. for Pleas. 141 164 188 243 289 Dr. for Pleas. 2,158 2,519 2,873 3,678 4,301 TOTAL 1,491 @1,749 2,000 2,590 3,079 TOTAL 30,406 44,488 61,166 106,402 159;324 Note: Asterisks indicate that projected annual activity days were less than 500. Dashes indicate not applicable. Zeros indicate that the activity was not ranked due to insignificant participation days recorded. 110 REGION 10 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 Estimates of urban outdoor recreation resource requirements,7ere developed for the Fort Worth Metropolitan Arei for the years 1970, 1975, 1980, 1790, and 2000 by comparing current-L and projected recreation participation with the current recreation opportunitie&I available in the metro. In addition, the availability and spatial distribution of recr(2@a- tion opportunities provided by parks and recreation facilities were analyzed with respect to subsections of the metro characterized by residents having similar incomes and ethnic backgrounds. Particular attention was given to those sub- sections expected to undergo relatively rapid population growth and physical expansion in the future. Conclusions reached from analyzing the distribution of recreation opportunities within the metropolitan area were used to qualify resource requirement estimates where a less than adequate distribution appeared to exist. In the discussions that follow, results of the distribution analysis of parks within subsections of the Fort Worth Metro Area are presented. Then, estimates of current and future requirements for selected recreation facilities are presented, and are qualified by conclusions reached from the distribution analysis of recreation facilities within sub- sections of the Fort Worth Metro Area. PARK DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS In analyzing the availability and distribution of parks in the Fort Worth Metro Area, several characteristics were con- sidered: changes in population (or trends in general from 1960 to 1970), areas of the metro which were expected to exhibit relatively major expansion, and the dispersion of existing parks among income/ethnic subsections of the metro. From these interrelated characteristics, general conclusions were reached with respect to future park developments for the metro area. Population trends affected estimations of future recreation participation. Projections of population growth for the Fort Worth Metro indicated that the 1970 population of 636,143 would more than double to about 1,358,555 persons by the year 2000. In addition, information provided by urban recreation planners of the area showed that major directions of future urban expansion were expected to occur (illustrated by arrows of decreasing size on the following map titled "Predominant Ethnic Background and Income Subsections") in the north-- north of Haltom City; in the northwest-- in the general vicinity of Lake Worth; and in the east along the Dallas Fort Worth Toll Road and Trinity River. An area direct- ly south of the core area also appeared to be rapidly expanding along Interstate Highway 35 south, even though not indi- cated as such by the planners of the area. l/ "Current" participation refers to levels of participation by type of selected recreation activity which were esti- mated for the year 1970. 2/ "Current" recreation opportunities refers to computed figures derived from the numbers of publicly- administered facilities by type available within the metro area in 1971. REGION 10 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 2 0 0 0 For the 'Fort Worth Metropolitan Area, local metro area recreation planners also delineated over fifty subsections which are indicated on the accompanying map titled "Predominant Ethnic Background and Income Subsections." The delineated subsections characterize the homogeneous residential, or demographic, patterns existing in 1971 by two major socio- economic factors, income and ethnic background. As shown on the map, approximately thirty subsections comprised low- income residents, fifteen were predominantly characterized by middle-income residents, and ten comprised high-income residents. As this general distribution indicated, low-income residents lived in a significant percentage of the area. The majority of the low-income areas were found in the Fort Worth core area and the northeastern quadrant of the metro where Anglos and Blacks predominated. Arlington, Forest Hills, Haltom City, North Richland Hills, Pantego, and Richland Hills also had significant compliments of low-income residents, mainly Anglos and Mexican-Americans. Fort Worth was typical of most other metro areas in Texas wherein middle-income Anglo residents were predominant in the major portions of the metro. Rather than a large number of small subsections, in Forth Worth, most of the southern half and north- eastern quadrant of the metro area was characterized by four or five large middle-income Anglo subsections. There were three middle-income Black subsections in the metro area, one located in the central core area, one northwest of Lake Arlington, and one comprising all of Edgecliff Village and some of the surrounding area south of Loop 820. The single small middle-income Mexican-American subsection was west of Kennedale and southeast of Forest Hills. Only two high- income subsections were reported in the metro area and those were Anglo subsections adjacent to Texas Christian Univer- sity on the west side, one on each side of the south fork of the Trinity River. Other high income subsections were also Anglo areas located in the contiguous urban areas of Arlington, Bedford, Benbrook, Dalworthington Gardens, and Hurst. An analysis of parks dispersion among the subsections was conducted by generally comparing the"bispersion of Parks by Type" map with the "Predominant Ethnic Background and Income Subsections" map. Overall, the analysis revealed that the distribution for all park types among the different subsection patterns was generally good. However, several of the contiguous urban areas (specifically Benbrook, Westover Hills, Westworth Village, Sansom Park Village, Saginaw, and Pan- tego) indicated no parks at all in 1971. With the exception of Benbrook, those areas are relatively small and in all cases were located within three miles of a park. In addition, two small subsections (predominantly low-income Anglo and Black) in Arlington, the low-income Anglo subsection in North Richland Hills, the low-income Mexican-American sub- section north of Haltom City (and west of North Richland Hills), and the small middle-income Mexican-American subsection south of Forest Hills did not have parks. All of those subsections were close to parks in other subsections, however. The major inadequacy appeared to be the lack of parks of any type in the major areas of expected growth to the north and northeast. Parks with recreation facilities, i.e., community, district, and/or specialty, may need to be considered in those areas. Other portions of the metro with apparent inadequacies were indicated to the south and east along Interstate Highway 35 South, south of Edgecliff Village. The northeastern extremity of the metro (east of Bedford, north of the Trinity River) appeared to be rapidly changing land uses as the Fort Worth and Dallas metropolitan areas are converging. Efforts by both metros and the affected contiguous urban areas will be necessary to assure that an adequate dispersion of parks of all types is attained and-maintained between them. Open land parks are especially important in urban areas like Fort Worth. While the reported parks of this type were fairly well distributed in the metro area, the southeastern quadrant especially, and much of the eastern half may need consideration for additional open land parks where resources are available. 112 too ...... cc 009 - co LU lu 0 X ... 10. All O.M. Xx x -/,X X>v\X X x x z z cc k4 LU < LL ca cn co ui Z;R 0 > u Lu z 50-1 0 Z Z Z Lu ui uj Z 0 W w -AN z zo u < o4 z z z < c o u ou o El EDO 'a cu 0 El DID REGION 10 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 In addition to maintaining an adequate dispersion of parks in all portions of the metro area, the provision of differ- ent types of recreational facilities in parks is also an important consideration. An analysis of the current and future requirements for selected recreational facilities and the current dispersion of facilities in the Fort Worth Metro Area is presented in the following discussions. FACILITY REQUIREMENTS AND DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS As mentioned previously, requirements for selected recreational facilities (see the following table) were calculated for the years 1970, 1975, 1980, 1990, and 2000. Then, an analysis of the dispersion of existing facilities among the pre- dominant income/ethnic subsections and the major growth areas of the metro was conducted. Conclusions reached from the facility dispersion analysis were then used to qualify the facility requirement estimates, particularly in those cases where no additional facilities were estimated as being needed within the metropolitan area. Usually, special note is made where growth areas appeared to have limited facilities. The methodology used to calculate facility requirements in general is explained in Appendix C, Part I--An Overview of the Urban Volume. In the discussions that follow, re- source requirements for recreational facilities are generally referred to by units of the most important feature neces- sary to allow participation. For example, when a requirement is shown for swimming pools, features such as a bathhouse, cleaning and filtering system, and other support features are implied when a requirement for the major facility is shown. Swimming The Fort Worth Metro had 12,118 square yards of public swimming pools in 1971. Each square yard (unit) was estimated to provide 150 days of swimming opportunity per year, which resulted in approximately 1,818,000 opportunity days in 1971. To determine if there was a surplus or deficit of opportunity, estimated participation days and estimated opportunity days were compared. For swimming, there appeared to be a deficit of opportunity in 1970-- 2,498,000 opportunity days, or 16,653 square yards. Deficits were shown in each planning year thereafter. By 1975, the metro area was estimated to require an incremental addition of 15,654 square yards of pools. Cumulative 1980 requirements are estimated at 52,840 square yards. The years 1990 and 2000 will require incremental additions of 63,480 and 87,020 square yards, respectively. Additional swimming facilities may be indicated for the southern portions of the metro, and all contig- uous urban areas except White Settlement, Hurst, and Arlington, which appeared to have an adequate distribution in 1971. Special consideration should be given to the more rapidly expanding portions of the metro, especially in the north. Child's Play The Fort Worth Metro in 1971 had a total of 103 acres of playgrounds divided among 105 parks within the metro boundary. Multiplying the 103 acres by the playground standard (each acre was calculated to provide 27,623 days of recreation opportunity per unit per year) yielded an estimated 2,845,000 annual opportunity (potential participation) days. Annual opportunity days were then compared with the forecasted demands, in terms of participation days, as shown in the Fort Worth resource requirements table. Playground area deficits were apparent for all planning periods after 1970. The 114 REGION 10 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 2 0 0 0 The cumulative requirement for 1975 was forty-four additional acres above the existing 103 acres in 1971. Requirements should grow incrementally by 61 acres, 177 acres-, and 225 acres in the remaining planning horizon years of 1980, 1990, and 2000, respectively, to a cumulative requirement of 507 acres by the year 2000. The existing playgrounds appeared- to be relatively well distributed among the population except for noted deficiencies in Lake Worth Village, Sansom Park Village, North Richland Hills, Bedford, Kennedale, Everman (a small community on the south central extremity of the metro area near 1-35 south; not noted on the 1971 map), Edgecliff Village, Benbrook, Westover Hills, and Westworth Village. Additions of playgrounds should be similarly dispersed with emphasis placed on the major growth areas. Baseball/Softball With an existing seventy-four baseball/softball fields providing approximately one million total opportunity days. (the facility standard utilized was 13,804 opportunity days provided per field each year), the Fort Worth metropolitan area appeared to have a sufficient quantity of fields to meet the activity requirements of their baseball/softball recrea- tionists through the year 1980. Thereafter, in 1990, 26 fields will be needed with 38 additional fields needed for 2000, which brings the cumulative total to 64 fields by the year 2000. Although dispersion analysis could not be accom- plished with available data, local analysis may indicate that additional fields are required prior to 1980 to insure an adequate distribution and to fulfill growth area requirements. Picnicking There were 395 public picnic tables in 'the Fort Worth Metro in 1971. At 1,702 days of opportunity per table per year (standard) the existing tables provided approximately 672,000 days annually. An additional 338 tables are estimated to be required for 1970 with 123 and 120 tables needed for the years 1975 and 1980, respectively. Another 276 tables will be needed by the year 1990, and an additional 215 tables will be needed to bring the year 2000 Fort Worth Metro Area total requirements to 1,072 tables over the 1971 supply. The distribution analysis of picnicking facilities indicated relatively good dispersion among the existing populace, except for Westover Hills, Westworth Village, Sansom Park Vil- lage, North Richland Hills, Bedford, Kennedale, Everman, Edgecliff Village, and Benbrook. Picnic tables should be con- sidered for these areas. The area north and west of Haltom City also appeared to be particularly devoid of public picnicking facilities. Football/Soccer Each of the fourteen football/soccer fields in the Fort Worth Metro Area provides on the average 7,224 days of opportun- ity annually. In total, this amounts to approximately 101,000 available opportunity days per year. The estimated requirement for 1970 is thirty-one additional fields with an additional 7, 6, 15, and 10 fields needed in the planning years 1975, 1980, 1990, and 2000, respectively. Although dispersion analysis of football/soccer facilities could not be performed from available data, additional fields may be needed to provide a more adequate dispersion within the metro area. This factor should be considered in any future expansions of facilities with attention to growth area requireA ments. 115 REGION 10 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 2 0 0 0 Golf In 1971 there were six golf courses in the Fort Worth Metro providing 108 holes of golf. Using the urban golf standard, each golf hole was shown to be capable of providing 4,047 days of recreation opportunity annually. Fort Worth golfers, then, should have about 437,000 days of opportunity provided annually by public courses. Comparing the expected partic- ipation for the projection years with the available opportunity days shows that the golfers would have required an addi- tional 117 holes (at least thirteen nine-hole courses) in 1970. Incrementally, additions of 107, 136, 390, and 493 holes would be needed in the years 1975, 1980, 1990, and 2000, respectively, to meet expected increases in golfing par- ticipation. As a general rule, golf courses are constructed in multiples of nine holes; therefore, by the year 2000 the Fort Worth Metro Area will need slightly over 138 additional nine-hole courses (1,243 holes) or sixty-nine eighteen- hole courses, or some appropriate combination which considers local resources. Tennis Comparison of 1970 participation estimates with the 151,000 opportunity days provided by the fifty-six tennis courts available in 1971 (each court can make available about 2,694 days of opportunity per year) resulted in a requirement of 236 additional courts for that year. Incremental additions of 172 courts in 1975, 152 in 1980, 370 in 1990, and 396 in 2000 were projected. Tennis facilities in Fort Worth were concentrated in a portion just southeast of the metro center. It is important that an adequate distribution throughout the metro be considered in current and future planning efforts. Basketball According to the urban basketball standard, each of the eleven basketball courts in the Fort Worth Metro Area should provide approximately 8,795 days of opportunity per year for a total of about 97,000 basketball opportunity days. In 1970, there was an estimated requirement of eighty-three basketball courts. Incremental addition's of 32, 37, 93, and 97 courts were needed for the years 1975, 1980, 1990, and 2000, respectively. Dispersion analysis of basketball facili- ties could not be accomplished with available data, but adequate distribution is an important consideration. Trails Activities Analyzing and comparing expected participation for walking, bicycling, and nature study occurring in the park and recre- ation areas with opportunity days provided by the 1971 supply of trails in the Fort Worth Metropolitan Area indicates that approximately ninety-nine miles of combined trails should have been added to the existing 14 miles of trail by 1970. (Although the total actually amounted to sixteen miles, two of these were horseback riding trail miles. Because re- source requirements were not computed for urban horseback riding trails and because these two miles in the Fort Worth Metro Area.were not designated for other types of trail usage, they were excluded from the computation of opportunity days.) Given the expected participation growth in the trails activities, incremental additions are projected for 58 miles in 1975, 68 miles in 1980, 175 miles in 1990, and 191 miles in 2000. Overall, a total of 591 miles of combined trails should be added to the existing fourteen miles by the year 2000 to meet expected participation levels. 116 REGION 10 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 A relatively small proportion of the total participation 1 in trail and related activities was estimated to take place in publicly-administered park and recreation areas. It is likely, however, that as additional trail facilities are pro- vided, the relative proportion of total participation will increase at these recreation areas. Thus, the above esti- mates of additional res rces required may be conservative in the long run and should be considered as.minimum estimates. In addition to the expe tations for increases in participation in trail and related activities at publicly- administered park and recreation areas, it is clear that the major proportion of walking,. bicycling, and nature study is occurring in places other than established recreation areas. The majority of this participation is most likely taking place in local neighborhoods, on city streets, and on available open lands within the area. This phenomenon has direct policy implications with respect to the provision of sidewalks within currently existing and newly developing neighborhoods, the development of a system of bike lanes in high use areas, and the provision of adequate open space and green belt areas within the metro.area. Water-Related Activities: Boating,'Boat Fishing, Skiing Surface Acres Freshwater Lakes (Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing) A total of 9,964- surface acres of freshwater lakes was located within the Fort Worth Metro Area in 1971. Using partici- pation patterns of households recreating in the urban area, it was estimated that boating totaled 200,000 days, boat fishing 113,000 days, and skiing 88,000 days for a total of 401,000 days in 1970. _@omparing estimated participation with the opportunities provided by the surface acres existing in 1971 indicates that existing freshwater lakes should be adequate through the year 2000 to support the water-related activities. Freshwater Boat Ramps Twenty publicly- administered freshwater boat lanes were reported for the Fort Worth Metro Area in 1971. By estimating the 1970 total freshwater boat fishing, skiing, and boating participation which would have occurred using freshwater boat ramp facilities to gain access to the water if sufficient ramps were available, it was calculated that one boat ramp was needed in 1970. Projected increases in freshwater boat fishing, skiing, and boating participation are expected to require eight additional freshwater boat ramps in 1975, nine in 1980, twenty-three in 1990, and twenty-five in the year 2000, bringing the cumulative resource requirement to sixty-six ramps in 2000. Since boat ramps are the most fre- quently used means by which boaters, skiers, and boat fishermen gain access to freshwater lakes, freshwater boat ramps required could be constructed on existing freshwater lakes since they appear to be sufficient. l/ In calculating freshwater boat ramp resource requirements the assumption was made that each boat ramp has two lanes. Supply figures listed in the "Park and Recreation Facilities by Type of Park" table and quoted in the narratives are in terms of single lanes. 117 REGION 10 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 2 0 0 0 Summary of Facilities Requirements The aggregate analysis indicates that the Fort Worth Metro had, in 1971, at least some facilities for all activities specified. However, in order to increase the number of opportunity days to a level which matches participation days, additional public facilities were estimated to.be required for every planning horizon year for swimming, child's play, picnicking, football, golf, tennis, basketball, trail activities, and activities requiring freshwater boat ramps. Also, additional public baseball/softball fields were estimated to be required (to accommodate estimated demand), beginning in 1990. The only type of facility which was estimated to be sufficient in number through the year 2000 (for the metro as a whole) was surface acres of freshwater lakes. Dispersion analysis was possible only for a few types of facilities. There were apparent inadequacies in the supply of public swimming pools for all of the contiguous urban areas except White Settlement, Hurst, and Arlington. An inade- quate supply of playground acres was apparent for Lake Worth Village, Sansom. Park Village, North Richland Hills, Bedford, Kennedale, Everman, Edgecliff Village, Benbrook, Westover Hills, and Westworth Village. There appeared to be an inade- quate supply of public picnic tables for the area north and west of Haltom City, for Westover Hills, Westworth Village, Sansom. Park Village, North Richland Hills, Bedford, Kennedale, Everman, Edgecliff Village, and Benbrook. 118 REGION 10 RECREATION RESOURCE REQUIRF14ENTS, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS TOTAL 1971 OPPORTUNITY NET OPPORTUNITY DAYS PARTICIPATION DAYS AVAILABLE (OOO'S OF UNITS OF RECREATION (OOO'S OF (OOO'S OF ACTIVITY DAYS) RESOURCES REQUIRED YEAR ACTIVITY ACTIVITY DAYS) ACTIVITY DAYS DEFICIT SURPLUS CUMULATIVE INCREMENTAL Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 4,316 1/ 1,818 2,498 16,653 square yardsl/ 16,653 square yards!/ Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 2,729 2,,845 116 0acres 0 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 517 1,021 504 0fields 0 fields Picnicking . . ... . . . . . . . . . . 1,247 672 575 338 tables 338 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 328 101 227 31 fields 31 fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 909 437 472 117 holes 117 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 787 151 636 236 courts, dbl. 236 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 825 97 728 83 courts, full 83 courts, full 1970 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 401 4,157 3,756 0surfj@e acres 0 surfpe acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 310 270 40 1ramp-- I ramp-, Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557 4/ 58 miles 58 miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378 4/ 39 miles 39 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 2miles 2 miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, Nature Study . . . . . . . . 957 118 839 99 miles 99 miles ACTIVITY Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 6,664 1,818 4@846 32,307 square yards-2/ 15,654 square yards-2/ Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 4,054 2,845 1,209 44 acres 44 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 687 1,021 334 0fields 0 fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,456 672 784 461 tables 123 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 376 101 275 38 fields 7 fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,345 437 908 224 holes 107 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . 1,249 151 1,098 408 courts, dbl. 172 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,112 97 1,015 115 courts, full 32 courts, full 1975 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 686 4,157 3,471 0surfacy acres 0 surfac7 acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 512 270 242 9ramps3 8 ramps! Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 778 4/ 84 miles 26 miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 595 65 miles 26 miles Natu@e Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 8miles 6 miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 1,449 4/ 118 1,331 157 miles 58 miles 119 REGION 10 RECREATION RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS TOTAL 1971 OPPORTUNITY NET OPPORTUNITY DAYS PARTICIPATION DAYS AVAILABLE (OOO'S OF UNITS OF RECREATION (OOO'S OF (OOO'S OF ACTIVITY DAYS) RESOURCES REQUIRED YEAR ACTIVITY ACTIVITY DAYS) ACTIVITY DAYS DEFICIT SURPLUS CUMULATIVE INCREMENTAL Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 9,744 1,818 7,926 52,840 square yards-2/ 20,533 square yard&V Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 5,733 2,845 2,888 105 acres 61 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 879 1,021 142 0 fields 0 fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,661 672 989 581 tables 120 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 422 101 321 44 fields 6 fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,892 437 1,455 360 holes 136 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,659 151 1,508 560 courts, dbl. 152 courts, dbl. Basketball . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,436 97 1,339 152 courts, full 37 courts, full 1980 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW 1,023 4,157 3,134 0 surface acres 0 surface acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 747 270 477 18 ramp,3/ 9 ramps-3/ Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,031 115 miles 31 miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 849 4/ 94 miles 29 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 16 miles 8 miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 2,022 4/ 118 1,904 225 miles 68 miles ACTIVITY Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 19,266 1,818 17,448 116,320 square yards-2/ 63,480 square yards 2/ Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 10,628 2;845 7,783 282 acres 177 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 1,376 1,021 355 26 fields 26 fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,131 672 1,459 857 tables 276 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 526 101 425 59 fields 15 fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,471 437 3,034 750 holes 390 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,657 151 2,506 930 courts, dbl. 370 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22254 97 2,157 245 courts, full 93 courts, full 1990 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 1,907 4,157 2,250 0 surfaS@ acres 0 surfa acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 1,364 270 1,094 41 ramps- 23 rampsl Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,675 192 miles 77 miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,508 4/ 172 miles 78 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318 4/ 36 miles 20 miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 3,501 4/ 118 3,383 400 miles 175 miles 120 REGION 10 RECREATION RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS TOTAL 1971 OPPORTUNITY NET OPPORTUNITY.DAYS PARTICIPATION DAYS AVAILABLE (OOO'S OF UNITS OF RECREATION (OOO'S OF (OOO'S OF ACTIVITY DAYS) RESOURCES REQUIRED YEAR ACTIVITY ACTIVITY DAYS) ACTIVITY DAYS) DEFICIT SURPLUS CUMULATIVE INCREMENTAL 2/ Swimming (Pools) ... . . . . . . . . . 32,319 1,818 30,501 203,340 square yards!' 87,020 square yards- Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 16,860 2,845 14,015 507 acres 225 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 1,902 1,021 881 64 fields Hfields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,497 672 1,825 .1,072 tables 215 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 601 101 500 69 fields 10 fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,468 437 5,031 1,243 holes 493 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,723 151 3,572 1,326 courts, dbl. 396 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,108 97 3,011 342 courts, full 97 courts, full 2000 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 2,902 4,157 1,255 0surface acres 0surface acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 2,054 270 1,784 66 ramp,3/ 25 ramps-3/ Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,358 4/ 272 miles 80 miles Bicycling . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . 2,239 4/ 258 miles 86 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525 4/ 61 miles 25 miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, 4/ Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 5,122 - 118 5,004 591 miles 191 miles 1/ Includes only swimming participation occurring in swimming pools, 94 percent of the total in urban areas. _@/ Designated freshwater swimming areas may be substituted for swimming pools. When making substitutions consider total swimming participation. Assumes 2.0 lanes per ramp. Reflects estimated participation occurring in park and recreation areas; does not include participation occurring outside park and recreation areas. Of the total. walking, bicycling, and nature study participation it was determined that 10.5, 4.0, and 20.1 percept, respectively for each activity, occurs in park and recreation areas. 121 > 33 @PT N ToLL wly IIE -0 CL C C )01 A, m m In REGION 11 REGIONAL DESCRIPTION: DALLAS METROPOLITAN AREA The Dallas Metropolitan Area consists of the cities of Dallas, POPULATION. Irving, Garland, Mesquite, Grand Prairie, Richardson, Farmers 1970 Metro Area Population: 1,302,242 Branch, University Park, Duncanville, Carrollton, Lancaster, Change 1960-1970: [email protected]% Balch Springs, and Highland Park; and of the towns of Kleberg, Race Composition, . .1 Seagoville, Cockrell Hill, and Hutchins. Dallas or "Big D" White ..... 82% V began as a trading post on the Trinity River, with no special Negro ..... 17% advantages in natural resources or geography to predestine it. other 1% The advantage proved to be people. When two railroads planned Age Composition (years): V to bypass the tiny town, the Dallasites used imagination, 13 or less ..... 28% pressure and gifts of money and land to change the minds of 14 - 20 ..... 12% railroad officials. After this success, Dallas produced many 21 - 44 ..... 35% more achievements. 45 - 64 ..... 18% 65 and over ..... 7% The metropolitan area boasts the site of the State Fair of Texas (the nation's largest annual exposition in attendance), ECONOMY the hub for a huge highway network, and the 11th District Federal Business Reserve Bank. A channel was dug for the Trinity River to reclaim Distribution 10,000 acres of flood plain in the heart of the area. It has Education achieved a leading position in the nation's airline transporta- Industry tion system. Far-sighted master plans for the physical and Manufacturing aesthetic development of the area have been implemented. The Transportation Dallas Metropolitan Area has one of the most sustained growth records of any major metropolitan center. Of a total exceeded only by New York, Chicago, and Los Angeles, there are now 619 companies based here, each with assets of one million dollars or more. Forty-seven degree-granting institutions are within a 100-mile radius of the metropolitan area, and the seven-campus Dallas Junior College District will put a junior college within 20 minutes driving time of every resident in the county. The Dallas Metropolitan Area has required and supported visitor accommodations and attractions disproportionate to its population rank because of the size and character of its visitor trade. Dallas, according to the Texas Highway Depart- ment, is the number one destination for out-of-stat.e visitors entering Texas. The city is among the top five conven- tion/expositlon centers in the country. This metropolitan area is a marketing center, the 12th largest in the United States, servicing 1/5 of the nation's marketing areas. The largest market center in the nation in square footage devoted to display is the Dallas Market Center, which is a permanent international trade fair. The gross annual sales here exceed $1 billion. Dallas is one of the nation's principal fashion centers and one of the world's biggest international cotton markets. l/ Due to lack of information for some suburbs in the metropolitan area, data for the entire county was used from the 1970 Census. 2/ Includes persons of Mexican and/or Spanish descent. 123 REGION 11 Continued The area is also a financial center, claiming the largest bank in the South. Transportation, too, is important here. Dallas is the most accessible city from any point in the nation. The Dallas/Fort Worth Regional Airport is the world's largest and is able to accommodate any future supersonic aircraft. This 18,000-acre facility is within 35 minutes driving time of all major office buildings. Education, conventions, and insurance all play important roles in the area's economy. Dallas has the largest number of headquarterd life insurance companies of any city in the United States. It is also the leader in the Southwest in medical research in the areas of kidney transplants, heart research and surgery, circulatory diseases, cancer, and leukemia. Fun is a password in the city, with events for everyone. There is the Cotton Bowl Classic (January), Southwest Boat Show (January-February), United Sports & Vacation Show (March), Byron Nelson Golf Classic -- Greater Dallas Open (April), Dallas Flower & Garden Show (April), Dallas Invitational Tennis Tournament (April), Dallas Gun Club Metro- politan Open (April or May) , Southwest Home Builders Show (April) , Texas Palomino Horse Show (April) , Dallas Charity Horse Show (May), Dallas Civitan Women's Open Golf Tournament (May), Metropolitan Opera of New York (May), Dallas Summer Musicals (June-August), Annual Fourth of July Parade (July), Dallas Symphony Orchestra (September-April), Pan American Livestock Exposition (October), State Fair of Texas (October), Dallas Civic Opera (November), and the National Junior Indoor Tennis Championship (November). Professional sports may be seen throughout the year. The metropolitan area is home to the Dallas Cowboys of the National Football League, the Dallas Chidparrals of the American Basketball League, the Dallas Black Hawks.of the Central Hockey League, and the Dallas Rockets of the Continental Football League. In addition to these special events are numerous other places and attractions. State Fair Park is open year round for various events. The Summer Musicals are presented in the State Favir Music Hall. The Dallas Museum of Fine Arts, the Age of Steam Historical Wax Museum, the Texas Hall of State which records 400 years of Texas history in its decorative motifs, and the Texas Sports Hall of Fame are located in Fair Park. Educational institutions include Southern Methodist University, University of Dallas, Bishop College, Dallas Baptist College, Dallas Theological Seminary, Baylor University College of Dentistry, and the University of Texas Southwestern Medical School. 124 REGION 11 CITY SIZE: METRO P U B L I C L Y A D M I N I S T E R E D -R E C R E A T. 1 0 N 0 P P 0 R T U N I T I E S LAND AND WATER ACREAGE ACRES REGION STATEWIDE 11 AVERAGE METRO METRO-AREAS 47% Developed Land 4,909 1,307 REGION 11 Undeveloped Land 5,621 536 METRO - Total Land 10,530 1,843 53% Wate r Within or Adjacent 2,860 1,006 Total Land and Water 13,390 2,849 Im DEVELOPED LAND UNDEVELOPED LAND The Dallas Metro Area has a total of.10,530 acres of .land set aside as park and recreation areas. In addition, 2,860 surface acres of water either within or adjacent to these parks were reported. 71% Of the total land acreage, 4,909 acres are developed with STATEWIDE facilities, leaving 5,621 acres available for development AVERAGE in the future. With only 47 percent of the land acreage METRO AREAS currently developed, the Area is well below the. Statewide Metro average of 71 percent. 29% 125 > 0 0 t74 @v z n H. CD o " 0 0 0'0 I-h m n m lb Pi rr H 0 ON 0 n m :3 4(D 0 pi 0 I't M =' PV rt 0 PV 0 1 H. (D CT m CL 10 w UI :31 F. 5 gu rt < zr m > w m 0 m la 0 V M '4 (D t4 (D m m pi z PI) 03 aq 03m 91) pt 0 I'd M ON :j 0 0 LJ old m 01 I'd m 0 Ia. 00 4 lb CL w m ilt m m pi I.- 03 rt I-.w OD pi H cl) @o 14 :3 1 0 rt En 51 @o rt (D _Ir 00H 03 0 9b 0 Pt 0 Pr 0 H m rt W7-V ri r_ " C: 0 (a M 0 CA W w 9) V rt V CO rt 0) ril lu P) qq V H 0 P3 o14 F. (D m rt r? 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(D 03 (D 110 U) Lo m 03 co rt pi :Jo a 41 CD OD rt In 0 rt @:r v D) CL H- rD .3, - M D) D) 1-t @D @j 0 rt rT 03 r) C) 1.- 0 0 w C :3, rt 0 0m m 0 C) 0 0 rt H1@4 :1 rr lb (D rp D) ib 0)- rt OQ0 23 0 (D 0 aq rr V @-h . (D m 0 lb PQ 0 4 a " %D Sb H. 0 @o @-h H- M m W Pi co 00 tzj 0 CL t., (D rt VI Uq OD old z m CL F- -_j rT (D 4-1 V 0 o ti n m 0 H. " rr (D @D C) @D I rt "0 0 r) m t=j 0 N) CD CD 41 CD M " M rr ca H. 0 %D 0 0 00 a (a 0 0 0 m co 0)0 rt I-h CL pi PV (D m rr OQ @31 00 :j ri) m lb (D rt 0) H- :a, V cr rr CD LO ON @dm 14 . 03 LI) Sb rjQ F@ @.n OD LO @-3 0 (D @l lb H. m 0 "0 @d LI) Ul Lo 0 23 P7," 03 00 0 w 00 H m w 10 ri) Fj-N 0) CA (D -(D PV 0 CD rl) 0 @r 0 U) U3 00 0 ON 0 m a, CD 0 0 0 (D H. t@ F-3 00 rt lb VrD pi ;3 (D ro cn 0 00 m > (D @d 000 rr til 0 lb @.A rt 14 ro (D H. I w @-g W n< ft rb 0(D V P- 00 '-.1 M Fig N T-- 41 k-n (D (ON ON LI) > (D N 0 H 0 00 C> til 0 CD a% 0 Cl (ON C> M C) o 0 m 0 C) m m 0 m > c z > r z 0 z 0 V > > > m @D > 13 0 rn > 0 0 0 0 m c toD> 0 C 0. 0 0 0 0 0 Q 0 00 0 ZZ 40 -P wIA 0 0 0 00 0 13 o 00 0 00 0 0 0 %0 00 0 .0 0 0 0 0 D; F 0 0 09 0 * I 0 0 06 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o cl 0* 00 0 CL 0 00 0 3' 13 @o 0 0 0 0 < 0 0 w 0 0 c REGION 11 CITY SIZE: METRO PARK AND RECREATION FACILITIES BY TYPE OF PARK UNITS PER THOUSAND DISTRICT COMMUNITY SPECIALTY PEOPLE REGION STATEWIDE TYPE OF FACILITY PARK PARK PARK TOTAL PER 11 AVERAGE (UNITS) (UNITS) (UNITS) UNITS UNIT METRO METRO AREAS Games and Sports: Parks ............................... 40 145 10 195 6,678 .150 .1-50 Tennis Courts ................. 90 144 5 239 5,449 .184 .142 Basketball Courts ............ ::::*: 23 52 0 75 17,363 .058 .071 Baseball/Softball Fields ........... 116 138 114 268 4,859 .206 .186 Football/Soccer Fields .............. 16 22 0 38 34,270 .029 .032 Picnicking: Parks .............................. 40 155 8 203 6,415 .156 .124 Tables ............................. 1,110 756 38 1,904 684 1.462 1.230 Playground: Parks .............................. 39 168 20 227 5,737 .174 .170 Acres Developed .................... 99 275 25 399 3,265 .306 .258 Swimming: Parks ......................... :: .... 30 93 3 126 10,335 .097 .050 Pools (Sq. Yd.) .............. .... 17,111 25,321 3,000 45,432 29 36.894 25.950 Designated Fresh Water (Sq. Yd.) ... 5,000 8,140 10 13,140 99 10.0912 52.242 Boating, Parks .............................. 2 0 0 2 651,121 .002 .006 Ramp Lanes - Fresh Water ........... 14 0 0 14 93,017 .Oil .008 Camping: Parks .............................. 1 0 0 1 1,302,242 '.001 .002 Campsites .......................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .121 Fishing: Parks .............................. 4 1 2 7 186,035 .005 .013 Pier/Barge/Marina-Fresh Water (Yd.) 186 0 0 186 7,001 .143 .049 Golfing: Courses ............................ 2 0 2 4 325,561 .003 .005 Holes .............................. 45 0 36 81 16,077 .062 .100 Trails: Parks .............................. 3 2 4 9 144,694 .007 .006 Nature (Mi.) ....................... 4 2 9 15 86,816 .012 .009 Horseback.(Mi.) .................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .003 Bicycle (Mi.) ...................... 1 0 0 1 1,302,242 .001 .007 Hiking (Mi.) ....................... 1 0 0 1 1,302,242 .001 .006 Total Trails (Mi.) ........ ; ........ 5 2 9 16 81,390 .012 .021 128 REGION 11 PARK AND RECREATION FACILITIES BY TYPE OF PARK CITY SIZE: METRO UNITS PER THOUSAND DISTRICT COMMUNITY SPECIALTY PEOPLE REGION STATEWIDE TYPE OF FACILITY PARK PARK PARK TOTAL PER 11 AVERAGE (UNITS)_ (UNITS) (UNITS) UNITS UNIT METRO METRO AREAS Sport Shooting: Parks ............................. 0 0 0 0 .002 Traps ............................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .002 Shooting Targets .................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .004 Archery Targets ................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .011 Miscellaneous: Parks ............................. 19 25 6 50 26,045 .038 .038 Amphitheatre Seats ................. 700 0 0 700 1,860 .538 1.077 Botanical Gardens (Acres) ......... 0 1 0 1 1,302,242 .001 .077 Zoos (Acres) ...................... 1 0 48 49 26,576 .038 .051 Community/Recreation Centers ...... 19 24 5 48 27,130 .037 .038 The majority of the park and recreation facilities in the Dallas Metro Area are in either the District or Community Park categories. All of the boating facilities are in two of the District Parks. In addition, one District Park has a camping area available, although no specific camping facilities were reported. Seven parks with fishing waters available were inventoried. A total of 126 parks were reported with swimming facilities. -In addition to the swimming pools, designated fresh water swimmirig area was reported in both the District and Community Park categories. Two zoos, one in a District Park and one in a Specialty Park were reported. A total of 16 miles of trails, with all but one mile of this nature trails, were inventoried. The Dallas Metro Area has a total of 48 community/recreation centers. Only four parks with golf courses were reported. .Of the 338 parks, 227 have playgrounds, 203 have picnicking facilities, 195 have games and sports facilities and 126 have swimming facilities. The most common types of games and sports facilities are baseball/softball with 268 fields, followed by tennis with 239 courts, basketball with 75 courts and football/soccer with 38 fields. Looking at selected facilities in relation to the number of potential users we find the following: 81,390 persons for each mile of trails 5,449 persons for each tennis court 34,270 persQns for each football/soccer field 4,859 persons for each baseball/softball field 27,130 persons for each community/recreation center 3,265 persons for each acre of playground 17,363 persons for each basketball court 684 persons for each picnic table 16,077 persons for each golf hole 29 persons for each square yard of swimming pool The Dallas Metro Area is above the Statewide Metro average for facility units per 1,000 for tennis courts, baseball/soft- ball fields, picnic tables, playground acres, square yards of swimming pools, boat ramp lanes and yards of fishing pier/ barge/marina. The Area is below the average for basketball courts, football/soccer fields, designated fresh water swimming area, golf holes, trail miles, amphitheatre seats, acres of botanical gardens, zoo acreage and community/recrea- tion centers. No campsites or sport shooting facilities were reported. 129 REGION 11 CONVERSION OF FACILITIES TO RECREATION OPPORTUNITY DAYS CITY SIZE: METRO Current opportunity days for 1971 were calculated by multiplying the number of facilities available for each activity in the metro area (determined from the.Texas Outdoor Recreation Inventory of Parks, Recreation Areas, and Facilities) times the standard for the facility. DAYS PER THOUSAND POPULATION ANNUAL REGION STATEWIDE DAYS 11 AVERAGE ACTIVITY-FACILITY AVAIIABLE METRO METRO Swimming (Pools) - square yards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,819,800 5,238 3,891 Child's Play - playground acres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,021,577 8,465 7,137 Baseball/Softball - fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,699,472 2,841 2,577 Picnicking - tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,240,608 2,489 2,093 Football/Soccer - fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274,512 211 235 Golf - holes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327,807 252 414 Tennis - courts, double . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643,866 495 384 Basketball - courts, full . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 659,625 507 625 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW - surface acres . . . . 1,193,057 916 2,962 Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW - boat ramps . . . . . . . . 188,804 145 103 Trail Activities: Combined Walking, Bicycling, and Nature Study - miles . . . . 135,424 104 164 The Dallas Metro Area offers the most opportunity days for child's play, followed by swimming (in pools), baseball/ softball and picnicking. A comparison between the opportunity days per thousand population for the Dallas Metro Area and the Statewide Metro average shows that the Dallas Metro Area surpasses the statewide average for six types of facilities -- swimming pools, children's playgrounds (in acres), baseball/softball fields, picnic tables, tennis courts, and freshwater boat ramps. The Dallas Metro Area is below the Statewide Metro average for football/soccer, golf, basketball, surface acres for freshwater boating, boat fishing and skiing, and the trails activities. 130 REGION 11 ESTIMATED CURRENT AND FUTURE PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METRO The second ranking metro area, based on population, Dallas ranked first in total participation for the year 1970. Estimates for 1970 indicate that residents and non-residents in the area spent over 63.8 million recreation days in pursuit of urban outdoor recreation opportunities available within the metro area. Resident Total days of participation in urban outdoor recreation activities by the residents of the Dallas Metropolitan Area for the 16 activities shown were estimated to be 62.5 million days in 1970. Total participation is expected to increase to 94.8 million days in 1975 and to 137.9 million days in 1980. These projections represent increases of 51.8 percent by 1975 and 120.7 percent by 1980. Participation on a days per household basis is projected to increase from 145.9 days in 1970 to 185.2 days in 1975, and to 226.7 days in 1980--increases of 26.9 and 55.4 percent, respectively, over the 1970 level. Residents of the Dallas Metropolitan Area are expected to participate at a rate of 22, 24, and 24 days per household above the statewide average for the other Texas metropolitan areas in 1970, 1975, and 1980, respectively. For the more distant years of 1990 and 2000, both total days of participation and days per household are expected to increase, and days per household will remain above the statewide average for the other Texas metropolitan areas. Projections for specific activities indicate that each of the 16 activities will increase in total days of participa- tion through the years 1975 and 1980. On a days per household basis, participation is expected to increase in 15 acti- vities, while football will decline slightly. Based on total days of participation, the six most popular activities in 1970 were: swimming, walking, bicycling, child's play, driving for pleasure, and tennis, respectively. By 1975 bicy- cling will replace walking as the second ranked activity and tennis will move into fifth place replacing driving for pleasure. In 1980 the six most popular activities in the Dallas Metropolitan Area are expected to be: swimming, bi- cycling, walking, child's play, tennis, and driving for pleasure, respectively. Non-Resident Participation in urban outdoor recreation activities within the Dallas Metropolitan Area by non-residents was'estimated to total 1,266,000 days for the activities specified for 1970. Compared to the 1970 level, total participation is e.x- pected to increase 21.3 percent (to 1,536,000 days) by 1975 and 42.6 percent (1,805,000 days) by 1980. Similar increases are anticipated through the years 1990 and 2000. Of the specific activities selected, the most popular activities by non-residents for 1970 were: sightseeing, with 500,000 days; football, with 232,000 days; swimming, with 195,000 days; driving for pleasure, with 123,000 days; golf, with 83,000 days, and picnicking with 37,000 days. Assuming adequate facilities are made available, all activities are expected to increase at a moderate rate through the year 2000 and retain their relative ranking in terms of popula- rity. 131 REGION 11 CURRENT AND PROJECTED RESIDENT PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 CITY SIZEi IIETROS (OOO'S OF ANNUAL ACTIVITY DAYS) 1970 1975 1980 1990 2000 STATE- STATE- STATE-" STATE- STATE- REG.11 WIDE REG.11 WIDE REG. 11 WIDE REG.11 WIDE REG. 11 WIDE METROS METROS NETROS METROS METROS ICTROS METROS METROS METROS NETROS PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE ACTIVITY DAYS RANK DAYS/H DAYS/HH DAYS RANK DAYS/HH DAYS/HH DAYS RANK DAYS/ DAYS/HH DAYS RANK DAYS/HH DAYS/HH DAYS RANK DAYS/HH DAYS/111i Swimming 17,580 1 41.06 27.41 28,470 1 .55.61 36.52 44,300 1 73.17 47.17 98,670 1 117.77 75.28 179,200 1 174.35 110.14 Child's Play 8,077 4 18.86 14.08 12,170 4 23.77 17.72 17,970 4 29.68 22.00 36,340 3 43.37 32.20 60,880 3 59.23 43.99 Baseball/Softball 1,018 9 2.38 2.78 1,435 9 2.80 3.19 1,948 9 3.22 3.59 3,405 9 4.06 4.41 5,032 9 4.90 5.22 Picnicking 1,915 8 4.47 5.72 2,327 8 4.55 5.66 2,784 8 4.60 5.66 3,958 8 4.72 5.61 4,972 10 4.84 5.64 Football/Soccer 555 12 1.30 1.43 661 13 1.29 1.42 780 14 1.29 1.41 1,074 14 1.28 1.39 1,310 15 1.27 1.38 Golf 2,404 7 5.61 3.92 3,679 7 7.19 4.98 5,400 7 8.92 6.16 10,730 6 12.81 8.96 17,640 6 17.16 12.07 Tennis 3,780 6 8.83 6.06 6,695 5 13.08 9.21 9,996 5 16.51 11.49 20,110 5 24.00 16.07 33,760 5 32.85 21.46 Basketball 600 11 1.40 1.60 748 12 1.46 2.59 921 13 1.52 3.57 1,375 13 1.64 5.52 1,810 13 1.76 7.53 Walking 10,712 2 25.02 18.21 14,286 3 27.90 23.09 18,641 3 29.78 29.20 30,630 4 36.56 39.89 43,505 4 42.33 50.31 ,Bicycling 9,370 3 2f.89 20.30 15,487 2 30.25 32.77 23,380 2 38.61 45.25 46,370 2 .55.34 68.44 74,078 2 72.07 95.49 Nature Study 164 16 .38 .72 560 14 1.09 1.67 1,092 12 1.80 2.64 2,701 11 3.22 4.63 4,773 11 4.64 6.70 Fishing 769 10 1.80 1.80 963 10 1.88 1.88 1,190 11 1.97 1.97 1,789 12 2.14 2.13 2,369 12 2.30 2.30 Boating 377 13 .88 .88 817 11 1.60 1.60 1,399 10 2.31 2.31 3,134 10 3.74 3.74 5,314 8 5.17 5.17 Skiing 179 15 .42 .42 317 16 .62 .62 496 16 .82 .82 1,021 15 1.21 1.22 1,664 14 1.62 1.81 Surfing --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- Sightseeing 301 14 .70 2.25 413 15 .81 2.34 532 15 .88 2.50 852 16 1.02 2.70 1,148 l6 1.12 3.01 Dr. for Pleas. 4,685 5 10.94 13.38 5,810 6 11.35 13.52 7,057 6 11.66 13.67 10,261 7 12.25 13.86 13,094 7 12-74 14.10 TOTAL 02,486 145.93 120.96 94,838 185.25 158.78 137,886 226.74 199.41 272,420 325.13 286.05 450,549 438.35 386.32 CURRENT AND PROJECTED NON-RESIDENT PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 TOTAL CURRENT AND PROJECTED PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 (000-S OF ANNUAL ACTIVITY DAYS) (OOOIS OF ANNUAL ACTIVITY DAYS) ACTIVITY 1970 1975 1980 1990 2000 ACTIVITY 1970 1975 1980 1990 2000 Swimming 195 237 278 379 471 Swimming 17,775 28,707 44,578 99,049 179,671 Child's Play 13 16 19 26 32 Child's Play 8,090 12,186 17,989 36,366 60,912 Baseball/Softball 9 11 13 18 23 Baseball/Softball 1,027 1,446 1,961 3,423 5,055 Picnicking 37 44 52 71 89 Picnicking 1,952 2,371 2,836 4,029 5,051 Football/Soccer 232 281 330 451 560 Football/Soccer 787 942 1,110 1,525 1,870 Golf 83 101 119 162 201 Golf 2,487 3,780 5,519 10,892 17,841 Tennis 6 7 9 12 15 Tennis 3,786 6,702 10,005 20,122 33,775 Basketball 11 14 16 22 28 Basketball 611 762 937 1,397 1,838 Walking 15 19 22 30 37 Walking 10,727 14,305 18,663 30,660 43,542 Bicycling 2 2 3 4 4 Bicycling 9,372 15,489 23,383 46,374 74,082 Nature Study Nature Study 164 560 1,092 2,701 4,773 Fishing 28 34 40 54 67 Fishing 797 997 1,230 1,843 2,436 Boating 9 11 13 17 22 Boating 386 828 1,412 3,151 5,336 Skiing 3 4 5 7 8 Skiing 182 321 501 1,028 1,672 -Surfing --- --- --- --- --- Surfing --- --- --- Sightseeing 500 606 711 971 1,206 Sightseeing 801 1,019 1,243 1,823 2,354 Dr. for Pleas. 123 149 175 238 296 Dr. for Pleas. 4,808 5,959 7,232 10,499 13,390 TOTAL 1,266 1,536 1,805 2,462 3,059 TOTAL 63,752 96,374 139,691 274,882 453,608 Note: Asterisks indicate that projected annual activity days were less than 500. Dashes indicate not applicable. Zeros indicate that the activity was not ranked due to insignificant participation days recorded. 132 REGION 11 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 2 0 0 0 Estimates of urban outd oor recreation resource requirements were developed for the Dallas Metropolitan Area for the years 1970, 1975, 1980, 1990, and 2000 by comparing currenfl/ and projected recreation participation with the 1971 recreation opportunities!/ available within the metro. In addition, the availability and spatial distribution of recre- ation opportunities provided by parks and recreation facilities were analyzed with respect to subsections of the Dallas Metro characterized by residents having similar incomes and ethnic backgrounds. Particular attention was given to those subsections expected to undergo relatively rapid population growth and physical expansion in the future. Conclusions reached from analyzing the distribution of recreation opportunities within the metropolitan area were used to qualify resource requirement estimates where a less than adequate distribution appeared to exist. In the discussions that follow, results of the distribution analysis of parks within subsections of the Dallas Metro Area are presented. Then, estimates of current and future requirements for selected recreation facilities are presented, and are qualified -by conclusions reached from the distribution analysis of recreation facilities within subsections of the Dallas Metro. PARK DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS In analyzing the availability and distribution of parks in the 'Dallas Metro Area, several characteristics were consid- ered: changes in population (or trends in general, 1960 to 1970), areas of the metro which were expected to exhibit relatively major expansion, and the dispersion of existing parks among the income/ethnic subsections of the metro. From these interrelated characteristics general conclusions were reached with respect to future park developments for the metro area. Population trends affected estimations of future recreation participation. Projections of population growth for Dallas indicated that the 1970 metro population of 1,302,242 will increase to about 3,186,193 persons by the year 2000. The observed growth and physical expansion has been greatest in the northwestern, northern, northeastern, and southwestern portions of the metropolitan area @nd those portions likely will continue to be the major growth areas. The "Predominant Ethnic Background and Income Subsec tions" map shows that in 1971 the Dallas Metro had over thirty income/ethnic subsections, as delineated by recreation planners from Dallas and the contiguous urban areas. Dallas was populated predominantly by Anglos and Blacks. There were only two small Mexican-American subsections, a low-income and a middle-income subsection located on either side of the largest low-income Black subsection located in the central core area. Other than the large low-income Black subsection in Dallas' central core area, there were two smaller low- l/ "Current" participation refers to levels of participation by type of selected recreation activity which were esti- mated for the year 1970. 2/ "Current" recreation opportunities refers to computed figures derived from the numbers of publicly- administered facilities by type available within the metro area in 1971. 133 :X) C) :E z j7) > m 0 > r- M m 3) > 0 z z En FlOMER, 11MON 0 9 m (pp 0 0 A .1 1 1 1 z O:r 0 m zo. . Z; -0 c 9 0 0 0 K 0 00 00 00 10 *j.. 9 K . K Ko go 0 > m 5 > > > 0 z z 0., z z 0 z z z n m z 0 < 0 > > > 0 0 z K>O z z z Z> >z 'z >Z z z 'I 0 1 A I 1 0- > O@ z I T. 0 Z r 0 g A > 0 > 'o > Km m > > 0 0 > > zo z > 7, c r- 1 '. , z 'o > G) >z . 0 m m z oz z z z z z z > c > c > > c > < co 0 K > m j: M -n > M 0--l r- 0 0 .0 > Tnp M > C > c > z z z z 1c) m .1 2 0 > M 10 a 0 r- 2 - - - - a ou r- 0 > > 0 m Z -4 -4 'm o m c ow > un In 0 k C C a Cc Z Lake 0 > > -73 m ..... ... . . .... .. M 0 ............ xm C/) . ............. m to ............- ........ ... rn .......... x >(;XK x x XX X XX X c Xx Q U) 10 (n (D =r 0 (D 'a 0) CD REGION 11 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 income Black subsections located in Carrollton, one more located between Grand Prairie and Irving, and another in Lan- caster. There was a large middle-income Black subsection south of -the central core area, and two more very small middle- income Black subsections located in Farmer's Branch and one within the core area about a mile southwest of Richardson. The remaining Black subsection was a small high-income area northeast of the intersection of Illinois Avenue and High- ways 67 and 77 in the south central core area. Most of the northeastern one-half of the metro was composed of inter- spersed middle and high-income Anglo subsections including the two contiguous areas of University Park and Highland Park (both high-income Anglo). The western third of the metro was also predominantly characterized by middle and high- income Anglos. All of the seven low-income Anglo subsections were relatively small. One of these was located in the central core area; one each was located in Irving, Duncanville, and Lancaster. Another was located just north of Dun- canville in the core area, and the remaining two were located to the southeast of the core area on either side of a relatively large middle-income Anglo area. The "Dispersion of Parks by Type" map indicates the geographic distribution of parks in Dallas and most of the contig- uous urban areas for 1971. Analysis of parks distribution with regard to the income-ethnic background characteristics reveals that all types of parks were generally well-distributed in the metro area. All but six very small subsections had at least one or more parks. Those six specific subsections, however, were within one mile of a park. The two low- income-Black subsections and the one high-income Anglo subsection in Carrollton had no parks. The low-income Black subsection between Irving and Grand Prairie, the low-income Anglo subsection north of, and the high-income Anglo sub- section within Duncanville also had no parks. Information relevant to the dispersion of parks among subsections in Richardson and Kleberg was not available. With the exception of those two contiguous urban areas, all of the remaining contiguous areas had parks,. indicating that the metro as a whole had an adequate distribution of parks in 1971, when analyzed according to income and ethnic subsections. . Regarding new developments of parks, the major growth areas in the northwest, north, northeast, and southwest should receive consideration. In addition to maintaining an adequate dispersion of parks in all portions of the metro area, the provision of different types of recreational facilities in parks is also an important consideration. An analysis of the current and future requirements for selected recreational facilities and the current dispersion of facilities in the Dallas Metro is pre- sented in the following discussions. FACILITY REQUIREMENTS AND DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS As mentioned previously, requirements for selected recreational facilities (see the following table) were calculated for the years 1970, 1975, 1980, 1990, and 2000. Then, an analysis of the dispersion of existing facilities among the pre- dominant income/ethnic subsections and the major growth areas of the metro was conducted. Conclusions reached from the facility dispersion analysis were then used to qualify the facility requirement estimates, particularly in those cases where no additional facilities were estimated as being needed within the metropolitan area. Usually, special note is made where growth areas appeared to have limited facilities. The methodology used to calculate facility requirements in general is explained in Appendix C, Part I--An Overview of the Urban Volume. In the discussions that follow, 135 REGION 11 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 resource requirements for recreational facilities are generally referred to by units of the most important feature neces- sary to allow participation. For example, when a requirement is shown for swimming pools, features such as a bathhouse, cleaning and filtering system, and other support features are implied when a requirement for the major facility is shown. Swimming The Dallas Metro had 45,432 square yards of public swimming pools in 1971. Each square yard (unit) was estimated to provide 150 days of swimming opportunity per year, which yielded an estimated 6,815,000 opportunity days. To determine if there was a surplus or deficit of opportunity, estimated participation days and estimated opportunity days were com- pared. For swimming there appeared to be a deficit of 9,894,000 days of opportunity in 1970, which translated to 65,960 square yards of pools. Additional deficits were estimated in each planning year thereafter. By 1975, the metro area was estimated to require an additional 68,507 square yards of pools. Cumulative 1980 requirements were estimated at 233,920 square yards. Requirements should continue to grow incrementally by 341,353 square yards and 505,234 square yards in 1990 and 2000, respectively. Only one subsection on the northeast edge of the Dallas core area had no pools, but four contiguous urban areas (Balch Springs, Kleberg, Cockrell Hill, and Hutchins) had no public outdoor pools, and several other contiguous urban areas and subsections had only one pool. Future consideration probably should be given to these areas as well as the more rapidly expanding residential sections in the northwestern, northern, northeastern, and southwestern portions of the metro. Child's Play The Dallas Metro in 1971 had 399 acres of playground dispersed through 227 parks. Multiplying the 399 acre units by the playground standard (each acre was calculated to provide 27,623 days of recreation opportunity per unit per year) resulted in an estimated 11,022,000 annual opportunity (potential participation) days. Annual opportunity days were then compared with the forecasted demands, as shown in the Dallas resource requirements table. Playground area deficits were apparent for all planning periods after 1970. The cumulative requirement for 1975 was forty-two additional acres above the 399 acres existing in 1971. Requirements should grow incrementally by 210 acres, 665 acres, and 889 acres in the remaining planning horizon years, respectively, to a total requirement of 1,806 acres by the year 2006. Except for the high-income Anglo subsection in the northeast, which had no public playgrounds, the existing playgrounds were rela- tively well distributed among the core area population. Balch Springs, Kleberg, Cockrell Hill, and Seagoville had no public playgrounds. Additions of playgrounds should be made with emphasis also placed on the major growth areas. Baseball/Softball With an existing 268 baseball/softball fields providing approximately 3.7 million opportunity days (the facility stan- dard utilized was 13,804 opportunity days provided per field each year), the Dallas Metropolitan Area appeared to have a sufficient quantity of fields in 1971 to meet the activity requirements of their baseball/softball recreationists through the year 1990. By the year 2000, an estimated ninety-eight more fields may be needed. Although dispersion of these facilities cannot be discerned from available data, it is important that an adequate distribution be considered in current and future planning efforts. 136 REGION 11 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 Picnicking There were 1,904 public picnic tables in the Dallas Metro in 1971. At 1,702 days of opportunity per table per year (standard) the existing tables provided approximately 3,241,000 days annually. Although the 1971 supply level was expected to provide adequate overall opportunity through 1980, additional picnic facilities will be required in the years from 1980 through 2000. Another 463 tables will be needed by the year 1990, and an additional 606 tables will be needed by the year 2000 to bring the cumulative total to 1,069 tables. These tables, when added to tables existing in 1971, would bring the Dallas Metro Area total to 2,973 tables in the year 2000. The distribution analysis of picnick- ing facilities indicated good dispersion among the existing populace with only the northern growth area, Balch Springs, Cockrell Hill, Kleberg, and Seagoville showing no picnic tables in 1971. Football/Soccer Each of the thirty-eight football/soccer fields in the Dallas Metro Area provided approximately 7,224 days of opportuni- ty annually. This amounts to approximately 275,000 available opportunity days per year, which was estimated to be in- sufficient for 1970, with another seventy-one fields needed to meet demand. If these fields had been provided, 21 more fields would have been necessary to meet the 1975 requirement, and in 1980 an additional 24 fields would bring the cumu- lative requirement to 116 fields. The incremental requirements for 1990 and 2000 were estimated to be 57 fields and 49 fields, respectively. Data were not available to determine the distribution in Dallas, but seven contiguous urban areas had no fields, or had only one. Golf The four publicly- administered golf courses in the Dallas Metropolitan Area provided eighty-one holes in 1971. Using the urban golf standard of 4,047 days per year per hole, a total of 328,000 days of opportunity were, provided annually by the public courses. A comparison of projected participation days with the available opportunity days (1971) showed that the golfers would have required an additional 533 holes (at least fifty-nine, nine-hole courses) in 1970. Incre- mentally, additions of 320, 430, 1,327, and 1,717 holes would be required in 1975, 1980, 1990, and 2000, respectively, to meet expected increases in golfing participation. As a general rule, golf courses 'are constructed in multiples of nine holes; therefore, by the year 2000 the Dallas Metro Area will 'need nearly 481 additional nine-hole courses (4,327 holes) or 240 eighteen-hole courses, or some other appropriate combination of eighteen and nine-hole courses which con- siders local resources. Tennis The 644,000 opportunity days provided by the 239 public tennis courts available in 1971 (each court can make available about 2,694 days of opportunity per year) apparently were insufficient to meet facility requirements for the Dallas Metro. Tennis court deficits were indicated for all planning periods. The 1970 deficit was approximately 3,142,000 opportunity days, or 1,166 courts. Requirements will grow incrementally by 1,083 courts, 1,227 courts, 3,754 courts, 137 REGION 11 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 and 5,068 courts in the remaining horizon years, respectively, to a total requirement of 12,298 courts by the year 2000. Because of a general absence of courts throughout the metropolitan area, most sections should be given consideration in current and future planning efforts. Basketball Based on an urban basketball standard of 8,795 days per year per court, a total of 660,000 opportunity days was provided by the seventy-five basketball courts enumerated in 1971. By comparing available opportunity days with estimated par- ticipation for each projection year as expressed in the Dallas recreation resource requirement table, it appeared that the seventy-five courts would meet only the 1970 requirements. By 1975, an additional twelve courts would be needed. An incremental addition of nineteen courts in 1980 would bring the cumulative total to thirty-one . For 1990 and 2000 incremental additions of 53 courts and 50 courts respectively were estimated. Dispersion analysis of basketball facil- ities could not be accomplished with available data. However, consideration should be given to a balanced distribution relative to growth areas and income/ethnic subsections, in the allocation of additional basketball facilities.* Trails Activities Comparing expected participation for walking, bicycling, and nature study occurring in the park and recreation areas with opportunity days provided by the 1971 supply of trails in the Dallas Metro Area indicated that approximately 165 miles of combined trails were needed in 1970, in addition to the sixteen miles of trail (some of which were multiple use) enumerated in 1971. Given the expected increase in participation for the trail activities, incremental additions were projected to increase by 83 miles'in 1975, by 96 miles in 1980, by 304 miles in 1990, and by 340 miles in 2000. Overall, a total of 988 miles of combined trails should be added to the existing 16 miles by the year 2000 to meet expected participation levels. A relatively small proportion of the total participation in trail and related-activities was estimated to take place in publicly-administered park and recreation areas. It is likely, however, that as additional trail facilities are pro- vided, the relative proportion of total participation will increase at these recreation areas. Thus, the above esti- mates of additional resources required may be conservative in the long run and should be considered as minimum estimates. In addition to the expectations for increases in participation in trail and related activities at publicly-administered park and recreation areas, it is clear that the major proportion of walking, bicycling, and nature study is occurring in places other than established recreation areas. The majority of this participation is most-likely taking place in local neighborhoods, on city streets, and on available open lands within the area. This phenomenon has direct policy implications with respect to the provision of sidewalks within currently existing and newly developing neighbornoods, the development of a system of bike lanes in high use areas, and the provision of adequate open space and green belt areas within the metro area. 138 REGION 11 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing Surface Acres - Freshwater Lakes (Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing) A total of 2,860 surface acres of freshwater lakes was located within the Dallas Metropolitan Area in 1971. Using par- ticipation patterns of households recreating in the urban areas, it was estimated that boating would have totaled 386 386,000 days, boat fishing 168,000 days; and skiing 182,000 days for a total of 736,000 days in 1970. A comparison of estimated participation with the opportunities provided by the surface acres existing in 1971 indicated that from an adequate supply in 1970, incremental resource requirements were expected to increase by 398 acres in 1975, 1,951 acres in 1980, 5,742 acres in 1990, and 7,081 acres in the year 2000, bringing the cumulative resource requirement to an addi- tional 15,172 surface acres needed by the year 2000. Freshwater Boat Rampsi/ Fourteen publicly-administered freshwater boat lanes were reported for the Dallas Metro Area in 1971. By estimating the 1970 total freshwater boat fishing, skiing, and boating participation which would have occurred using freshwater boat ramp facilities to gain access to the water if sufficient ramps were available, it was calculated that fourteen addi- tional boat ramps were needed in 1970. Projected increases in freshwater boat fishing, skiing, andboating participa- tion were expected to require sixteen additional freshwater boat ramps in 1975, twenty-one in 1980, sixty-two in 1990, and seventy-six in the year 2000, bringing the cumulative resource r&quirement to 189 ramps in 2000. Since boat ramps are the most frequently used means by which boaters, skiers, and boat fishermen gain access to freshwater lakes, the provision of freshwater surface acres and freshwater boat ramps required should be planned as joint projects, even though, in some cases, this may require the construction of boat ramps prior to the years reflected in the boat ramp resource requirement projections. Sununary of Facilities Requirements Although the Dallas Metio had at least some public facilities for all of the designated outdoor recreation activities in 1971, additional square yards of swimming pool, football/soccer fields, holes of golf, tennis courts, miles of desig- nated trail, and freshwater boat ramps were estimated to be required (to adequately accommodate demand) in every plan- ning horizon year. Resource requirements appeared, beginning in 1975, for playgrounds, basketball courts, and acres of freshwater lakes. It should be emphasized that while no additional acres of freshwater lakes were needed in 1970, the number of surface acres required beginning in 1975 increases very rapidly through the year 2000. Existing facilities for baseball/softball and picnicking appeared to be sufficient through most of the planning horizon years. 1/ In calculating freshwater boat ramp resource requirements the assumption was made that each boat ramp has two lanes. Supply figures listed in the "Park and Recreation Facilities by Type of Park" table and quoted in the narratives are in terms of single lanes. 139 REGION 11 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 A dispersion analysis was possible only for a few types of facilities. Many subsections in Dallas and the contiguous urban areas apparently needed considerably more facilities,particularly the types required for all planning horizon years. Areas which appear to have had an especially serious deficiency of public swimming pools included the high- income Anglo subsections on the northeast edge of Dallas, and the contiguous urban areas of Balch Springs, Kleberg, and Hutchins, none of which had public pools in 1971; also some of the subsections in the northeast, northwest, and west portions of the metro had only one public pool each. Playgrounds appear to have been reasonably well distributed throughout the metro. Some of the contiguous urban areas, however, (Balch Springs, Kleberg, Cockrell Hill, and Seago- ville) had no playgrounds. Public picnic tables also appear to have been reasonably well distributed in 1971. Balch Springs, Cockrell Hill, Kleberg, and Seagoville did not have any public picnic facilities, however. 140 REGION RECREATION RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS TOTAL 1971 OPPORTUNITY NET OPPORTUNITY DAYS PARTICIPATION DAYS AVAILABLE (OOO'S OF UNITS OF RECREATION (OOO'S OF (0001S OF ACTIVITY DAYS) RESOURCES REQUIRED YEAR ACTIVITY ACTIVITY DAYS) ACTIVITY 281L DEFICIT SURPLUS CUMULATIVE INCREMENTAL Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 16,709 6,815 9,894 65,960 square yards-V 65,960 square yardsil Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 8,090 11,022 2,932 0acres 0 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 1,027 3,699 2,672 0fields 0 fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,952 3,241 1,289 0tables 6 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 787 275 512 71 fields 71 fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,487 328 2,159 533 holes 533 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,786 644 3,142 1,166 courts, dbl. 1,166 courts, dbl: Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611 660 49 0courts, full 0 courts, full 1970 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 736 1,193 457 0surface acres 0 surface acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 560 189 371 14 ramps-3/ 14 ramps-3/ Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,126 4/ 121 miles 121 miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375 4/ 40 miles 40 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 z/ - . 4miles 4 miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, 4/ Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 1,534 - 135 1,399 165 miles 165 miles ACTIVITY Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 26,985 1/ 6,815 20,170 134,467 square yards 2/ 68,507 square yards!/ Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 12,186 11,022 1,164 42 acres 42 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 1,446 3,699 2,253 0fields 0 fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,371 3,241 870 0tables 0 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 942 275 667 92 fields 21 fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,780 328 3,452 853 holes 320 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,702 644 6,058 2,249 courts, dbl. 1,083 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 762 660 102 12 courts, full 12 courts, full 1975 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing F14 . . . 1,359 1,193 166 398 surfaS7 acres 398 surfac@ acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing F14 . . . 3 997 189 808 30 ramps= 16 ramps@ Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,502 4/ 167 miles 46 miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -620 4/ 69 miles 29 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 12 miles 8 miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, 4/ 135 2,100 248 miles 83 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 2,235 - 141 REGION 11 RECREATION RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS TOTAL 1471 OPPORTUNITY NET OPPORTUNITY DAYS PARTICIPATION DAYS AVAILABLE (OOO'S OF UNITS OF RECREATION (OOO'S OF (OOO'S OF ACTIVITY DAYS) RESOURCES REQUIRED LF,a ACTIVITY ACTIVITY DAYS ACTIVITY DAYS) BEFICIT SUR11LUS CUMULATIVE INCREMENTAL Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 41,903 6,815 35,088 233,920 square yards-2/ 99,453 square yards-2/ Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 17,989 11,022 6,967 252 acres 210 acres Baseball/softball . . . . . . . . . . . 1,961 3,699 1,738 0fields 0fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,836 3,241 405 0tables 0tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 12110 275 835 116 fields 24 fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,519 328 5,191 1,283 holes 430 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,005 644 9,361 3,476 courts, dbl. 1,227 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 937 660 277 31 courts, full 19 courts, full 1980 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 2,173 1,193 980 2,349 surfac@ acres 1,951 surfac 37 acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 1,566 189 1,377 51 ramps-3 21 ramps= Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,895 4/ 214 miles 47 miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 935 105 miles 36 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 25 miles 13 miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 3,049 4/ 135 2,914 344 miles 96 miles ACTIVITY Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 93,106 6,815 36,291 575,273 square yards-2/ 341,353 square yards-V Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 36,366 11,022 25,344 917 acres 665 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 32423 3,699 276 0fields 0fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,029 3,241 788 463 tables 463 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,525 275 1,250 173 fields 57 fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,892 328 10,564 2,610 holes 1,327 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,122 644 19,478 7,230 courts, dbl. 3,754 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,397 660 737 84 courts, full 53 courts, full 1990 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 4,568 1,193 3,375 8,091 surface acres 5,742 surface acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 3,235 189 3,046 113 ramp,3/ 62 ramps-3/ Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 3,219 371 miles 157 miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,855 214 miles 109 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 543 63 miles 38 miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, 5,617 4/ Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 135 5,482 648 miles 304 miles 142 REGION 11 RECREATION RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS TOTAL 1971 OPPORTUNITY NET OPPORTUNITY DAYS PARTICIPATION DAYS AVAILABLE (OOO'S OF UNITS OF RECREATION (OOO'S OF (OOOtS OF ACTIVITY DAYS) RESOURCES REQUIRED YEAR ACTIVITY ACTIVITY DAYS) ACTIVITY DAYS) DEFICIT SURPLUS CUMULATIVE INCREMENTAL 2/ Swimming (Pools) ... . . . . . . . . . 168,891 6,815 162,076 1,080,507 square yards!/ 505,234 square yardS`__ Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 60,912 11,022 49,890 1,806 acres 889 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 5,055 3,699 1,356 98 fields 98 fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,061 3,241 1,820 1,069 tables 606 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,870 275 1,595 221 fields 48 fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,841 328 17,513 4,327 holes 1,717 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,775 644 33,131 12,298 courts, dbl. 5,068 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,838 660 1,178 134 courts, full 50 courts, full 2000 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 7,522 1,193 6,329 15,172 surface acres 7,081 surfac@ acres 3 Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 5,280 189 5,091 189 ramps-3/ 76 ramps- Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,572 4/ 532 miles 161 miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,963 4/ 345 miles 131 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 959 Ill miles 48 mile@s Combined Walking, Bicycling, Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 8,494 4/ 135 8,359 988 miles 340 miles I/ Includes only swimming participation occurring in swimming pools, 94 percent of the total in urban areas. Designated freshwater swimming areas may be substituted for swimming pools. When making substitutions consider total swimming participation. Assumes 2.0 lanes per ramp. Reflects estimated participation occurring in park and recreation areas; does not include participation occurring outside park and recreation areas. Of the total walking, bicycling, and nature study participation it was determined that 10.5, 4.0, and 20.1 percent, respectively for each activity, occurs in park and recreation areas. 143 .rn z 40 I o rri o R REGION 12 REGIONAL DESCRIPTION: SHERMAN-DENISON METROPOLITAN AREAS Sherman and Denison lie only a short distance apart at the POPULATION: Sherman northern extremity of Central Texas near the Red River and 1970 Metro Area Population: 29,061 form one metropolitanlarea. Change 1960-70: +16% Race Composition Sherman is the older of the two cities and is the county seat White ..... 89% of Grayson County. The city is a conmercial, industrial, and Negro ..... 10% educational center. Products of industry in the city include Other ..... <.5% cottonseed, grain and food processing, business machines, Age Composition (years): petroleum, and aluminum products. Austin College and Grayson 13 or less ..... 24% County Junior College are located in the city along with 14 - 20 ..... 14% Perrin Air Force Base. Annual events in Sherman include the 21 - 44 ..... 30% Arts Festival (March), Grayson County Livestock Fair (April), 45 - 64 ..... 2 07. and the Old Settlers Picnic (August). 65 and over ..... 12% Denison is the site of large railroad shops and yards. In addi- ECONOMY: Sherman tion, electronic components, boats, petroleum products, and food Agribusiness products are manufactured here. Denison is distinguished as the Business birthplace of Dwight D. Eisenhower. Major annual events in Manufacturing Denison are the Texoma Junior Livestock Show (April), National Transportation: Motor Freight, Sand Bass Festival (June), and the Texoma Rockhounds Show Railroads (October). POPULATION: Denison 1970 Metro Area Population: 24,923 Change 1960-70: +10% Race Composition White ..... 88% Negro ..... 11% Other ..... 0.5% Age Composition (years): 13 or less ..... 26% 14 - 20 ..... 12% 21 - 44 ..... 28% 45 - 64 ..... 21% 65 and over ..... 13% ECONOMY: Denison Agribusiness Manufacturing I/ Includes persons of Mexican and/or Spanish descent. Transportation: Railroads 145 REGION 12 CITY SIZE: METRO P U B L I C L Y A D M I N I S T E R E D R E C R E A T 1 0 N 0 P P 0 R T U N,I T I E S LAND AND WATER ACREAGE ACRES REGION STATEWIDE 12 AVERAGE METRO M 64% Developed Land 173 1,307 REGION Undeveloped Land 97 536 12 METRO Total Land 270 1,843 36% Water Within or Adjacent 0 1,006 Total Land and Water 270 2,849 DEVELOPED LAND UNDEVELOPED LAND Sherman and Denison have a total of 270 acres of land set aside as park and recreation areas. No surface acres of water either within or adjacent-to the parks were reported. 71% Of the total land acreage, 173 acres are developed with STATEWIDE facilities, leaving 97 acres available for future AVERAGE development. With 64 percent of the land acreage currently developed, Sherman and Denison are below the METRO AREAS Statewide Metro average of 71 percent. 29% %647 146 REGION 12 CITY SIZE: METRO PARKS AND ACREAGE BY TYPE OF PARK STATEWIDE DISTRICT COMMUNITY SPECIALTY OPEN LAND AVERAGE PARK PARK 'PARK PARK TOTAL METRO AREAS Number of Parks 2.000 15.000 3.000 0 20.000 72.000 Parks Per Thousand .037 .278 .056 0 .370 .267 People Per Park 26,[email protected] 3,599.000 17,995.000 0 2,699.000 3,754.000 ................................ ................................................................................. Land Acres 186.000 80.000 4.000 0 270.000 1,843.000 Acres Per Thousand 3,445 1.482 .074 0 5. 000 6.864 People Per Acre 290.000 675.000 13,496.000 0 200.000 146.000 Three-fourths of the total of 20 parks are Community Parks. Three Special@y Parks were reported along with two District Parks. The District Parks comprise about two-thirds of the total land acreage followed by Com- munity Parks with a total of 80 acres. The four Specialty Parks average a little over one acre each. The dispersion of the three types of urban parks are depicted graphically in the accompanying map titled "Dis- ersion of Parks by Type." Looking at the total park and acreage figures in relation to the total population of the two cities. .370 parks per 1,000 and 5.000 acres per 1,000 population exist. Another way to present this data is that 2,699 people share each park while 200 people must share each acre of park land. With .370 parks per 1,000, Sherman and Denison rank well.above the Statewide Metro average. However, the 5.000 acres per 1,000 gives the area a figure well below the Statewide Metro average for acres per 1,000. 147 DISPERSION OF PARKS BY TYPE URBAN PARKS E3 DISTRICT PARK 0 COMMUNITY PARK 0 SPECIALTY PARK SHERMAN 0 0 OPEN-LAND PARK 0 Source: 1971 Municipal Inventory Update 0 75 0 0 0 DENISON 0 FCP 24,923 0 0 75 0 75-A REGION 12 SHERMAN-DENISON AREA METRO BOUNDARY 148 REGION 12 CITY SIZE: METRO PARK AND RECREATION FACILITIES BY TYPE OF PARK UNITS PER THOUSAND DISTRICT COMMUNITY SPECIALTY PEOPLE REGION STATEWIDE TYPE OF FACILITY PARK PARK PARK TOTAL PER 12 AVERAGE (UNITS) (UNITS) (UNITS) UNITS UNIT METRO METRO AREAS Games and Sports: Parks .............................. 2 12 0 14 3,856 .259 .150 Tennis Courts ...................... 2 8 0 10 5,398 .185 .142 Basketball Courts .................. 0 2 0 2 26,992 .037 .071 Baseball/Softball Fields ........... 5 13 0 18 2,999 .333 .186 Football/Soccer Fields ............. 1 0 0 1 53,984 .018 .032 Picnicking: Parks .............................. 2 9 0 11 4,907 .203 .124 Tables ............................. 50 30 0 80 674 1.481 1.230 Playground: Parks .............................. 2 15 1 18 2,999 .333 .170 Acres Developed .................... 7 15 1 23 2,347 .425 .258 Swimming: Parks .............................. 2 3 0 5 10,796 .092 .050 Pools (Sq. Yd.) .................... 2,280 3,280 0 5,560 10 102.962 25.950 Designated Fresh Water (Sq. Yd.) ... 0 0 0 0 --- --- 52.242 Boating: Parks .............................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .006 Ramp Lanes - Fresh Water ........... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .008 Camping: Parks .............................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .002 Campsites .......................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .121 Fishing: Parks .............................. 0 0 0 0 .013 Pier/Barge/Marina-Fresh Water (Yd.) 0 0 0 0 --- .049 Golfing: Courses ............................ 0 0 1 1 53,984 .018 .005 Holes ............................... 0 0 9 9 5,998 .166 .100 Trails: Parks .............................. 1 0 0 1 53,984 .018 .006 Nature (Mi.)_.. 2 0 0 2 26,992 .037 .009 Horseback 2 0 0 2 26,992 ..037 .003 Bicycle (Mi.) ................ 1 0 0 1 53,984 .018 .007 Hiking (Mi.) ....................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .006 Total Trails (Mi.) ................. 5 0 0 5 10,796 .092 .021 149 REGION 12 PARK AND RECREATION FACILITIES BY TYPE OF PARK CITY SIZE: METRO UNITS PER THOUSAND DISTRICT COMMUNITY SPECIALTY PEOPLE REGION STATEWIDE TYPE OF FACILITY PARK PARK PAAK TOTAL PER 12 AVERAGE (UNITS) (UNITS) (UNITS) UNITS UNIT METRO METRO AREAS Sport Shooting: Parks ............................. 0 0 1 1 53,984 .018 .002 Traps .............................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .002 Shooting Targets .... i............. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .004 Archery Targets ................... 0 0 4 4 13,496 .074 .011 Miscellaneous: Parks .......................... 0 0 1 1 53,984 .018 .038 Amphitheatre Seats ................ 0 0 0 0 --- --- 1.077 Botanical Gardens (Acres) ......... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .077 Zoos (Acres) ...................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .051 Community/Recreation Centers ...... 0 0 1 1 53,984 .018 .038 Almost all of the park and recreation facilities in Sherman and Denison are in the District and Community Park categories. The three Specialty Parks have facilities only for archery, golf, a playground, and a conmunity/recreation center. Ail of the trail facilities are in the District Park category. A total of 5,560 square yards of swimming pool area in 5 parks was reported. of the 20 parks, 18 have playgrounds, 14 have games and sports facilities and 11 have picnicking facilities. The most common types qk games and sports facilities are baseball/softball with 18 fields, followed by tennis with 10 courts, basketball with 2 courts and football/soccer with 1 field. Looking at selected facilities in relation to the number of potential users we find the following: 53,984 persons for each football/soccer field 2,999 persons for each baseball/softball field 53,984 persons for each community/recreation center 2,347 persons for each acre of playground 26,992 persons for each basketball court 674 persons for each picnic table 10,796 persons for each mile of trails 10 persons for each square yard of swimming pool 5,998 persons for each golf hole 5,398 persons for each tennis court Sherman and Denison are above the Statewide Metro ave .rage for facility units per 1,000 for tennis courts, baseball/soft- ball fields, picnic tables, playground acres, square yards of swimming pools, golf holes, trail miles and archery tar- gets. Sherman and Denison are below the average for basketball courts, football/soccer fields, and community/recreation centers. No designated freshwater swimming area, boat ramp lanes, campsites, yards of fishing pier/barge/marina, shooting traps, shooting targets, amphitheatre seats, acres of botanical gardens or zoo acreage were reported. 150 REGION 12 CONVERSION OF FACILITIES TO RECREATION OPPORTUNITY DAYS CITY SIZE: METRO Current opportunity days for 1971 were calculated by multiplying the number of facilities available for each activity in the metro area (determined from the Texas Outdoor Recreation Inventory of Parks, Recreation Areas, and Facilities) times the standard for the facility. DAYS PER THOUSAND POPULATION ANNUAL REGION STATEWIDE DAYS 12 AVERAGE ACTIVITY-FACILITY AVAILABLE METRO METRO Swimming (Pools) - square yards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 834,000 15,444 3,891 Child's Play - playground acres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635,329 11,765 7,137 Baseball/Softball - fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248,472 4,601 2,577 Picnicking - tables . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . 136,160 2,521 2,093 Football/Soccer - fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . @,224 134 235 Golf - holes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,423 676 414 Tennis - courts, double . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,940 499 384 Basketball - courts, full . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,590 326 625 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW surface acres . . . . . . 0 0 2,962 Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW boat ramps . . . . . . . . 0 0 103 Trail Activities: Combined Walking, Bicycling, and Nature Study - miles . . . . 25,392 470 164 The Sherman-Denison Metro Area offers the most opportunity days for swimming (in pools), followed by child's play and'baseball/softball. A comparison between the opportunity days per thousand population for the Sherman-Denison Metro Area and the Statewide Metro average shows that the Sherman-Denison Metro Area surpasses the statewide average for seven of the activity types -- swimming (in pools), child's play, baseball/softball, picnicking, golf, tennis and the trails activities. The Sherman-Deni*son Metro Area is below the Statewide Metro average for football/ soccer and basketball, with no opportunity days available for surface acres for freshwater boating, boat fishing, and skiing, and freshwater boat ramps. REGION,12 ESTIMATED CURRENT AND FUTURE PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METRO The twenty-second ranking metro area, based on population, Sherman-Denison ranked twenty-second in total participation for the year 1970. Estimates for 1970 indicate that residents and non-residents in the area spent over 1.4 million recreation days in pursuit of urban outdoor recreation opportunities available within the metro area. Resident For the 16 activities shown, total participation in urban outdoor recreation activities by the residents of the Sherman- Denison Metropolitan Area is expected to increase, as compared to the 1970 level of 843,000 days by 25.6 percent to nearly 1.1 million days in 1975 and by 54.9 percent to 1.3 million days in 1980. Participation on a days per household basis is projected to increase from 45.4 days in 1970 to 53.6 days in 1975, and to 62.3 days in 1980--increases of 17.9 and 37.1 percent, respectively. In comparison to the other metropolitan areas across the State, residents of the Sher- man-Denison Metropolitan Area ar6 expected to participate at a rate of 78, 108, and 140 days per household below the average for 1970, 1975, and 1980, respectively. For the years 1990 and 2000, both total days of participation and days per household are expected to increase, but -days per household will still remain below the stat6wide average for all metropolitan areas. Projections for specific activities indicate that 14 of the 16 activities will increase in total days of participation through the year 1980. Participation on a days per household basis is expected to increase in 15 of the activities, while football will decrease slightly. In 1970, the six most popular activities based on total participation were esti- mated to be: driving for pleasure, swimming, child's play, picnicking, golf, and sightseeing, respectively. By 1980, the top three activities will remain the same, but picnicking will be replaced by basketball as the fourth ranked acti- vity, with picnicking ranked as fifth and golf in the sixth position. Non-Resident For the urban outdoor recreation activities specified for 1970, participation within the Sherman-Denison Metropolitan Area by non-residents was estimated to total 539,000 days. Compared to the 1970 level, total participation is expected to increase 5.8 percent (to 570,000 days) by 1975 and 11.7 percent (to 602,000 days) by 1980. Similar increases are anticipated for the years 1990 and 2000. in terms cf days of participation for 1970, the popular ranking of the specific activities estimated is: fishing, with 243,000 days; picnicking, with 90,000 days; sightseeing, with 72,000 days; boating, with 66,000 days; skiing, with 23,000 days; and walking, with 15,000 days. Assuming adequate facilities are made available, a moderate increase in participation for all activities is expected through the year 2000, with the activities retaining their order of pop- ularity. 152 REGION 12 CURRENT AND PROJECTED RESIDENT PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE! METROS (000-S OF ANNUAL ACTIVITY DAYS) 1970 1975 1980 1990 2000 STATE- STATE- STATE- STATE- STATE- REG.12 WIDE REG.12 WIDE REG.12 WIDE REC.12 WIDE REG.12' WIDE METROS METROS METROS METROS METROS METROS NETROS METROS METROS METROS PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVrRACE ACTIVITY DAYS RANK DAYS/HH DAYS/HH DAYS RANK DAYS/HH DAYS/HH DAYS RANK DAYS/ DAYS/HH DAYS RANK DAYS/HH DAYS/HH DAYS RANK DAYS/HH DAYS/HH Swimming 154 2 8.30 27.41 202 2 10.22 36.52 258 2 12.31 47.17 398 1 17.03 75.28 579 1 22.45 110.14 Child's Play 141 3 7.60 14.08 186 3 9.41 17.72 240 3 11.45 22.00 378 2 16.17 560 2 21.72 43.99 Baseball/Softball 34 7 1.83 2.78 42 8 2.13 3.19 52 8 2.48 3.59 76 9 3.25 4.41 104 9 .4.03 5.22 Picnicking 82 4 4.42 5.72 89 4 4.50 5.66, 95 5 4.53 5.66 109 6 4.66 5.61 122 8 4.73 5.64 Football/Soccer 2 15 .11 1.43 2 15 .10 1.42 2 15 .10 1.41 2 15 .09 1.39 2 15 .08 1.38 Golf 42 5 2.26 3.92 57 6 2.89 4.98 76 6 3.0 6.16 124 5 5.31 8.96 189 5 7.33 12.07 Tennis 12 12 .65 6.06 13 12 .66 9.21 14 13 .67 11.49 16 13 .68 16.07 17 13 .66 21.46 Basketball 24 9 1.29 1.60 59 5 2.99 2.59 98 4 4.67 3.57 189 8.09 5.52 295 4 11.44 7.53 Walking 20 10 1.08 18.21 21 11 1.06 23.09 23 11 1.10 29.20 25 12 1.07 39.89 28 12 1.09 50.31 Bicycling 0 --- 20.30 * 16 --- 32.77 * 16 --- 45.25 16 --- 68.44 * 16 --- 95.49 Nature Study 3 14 .16 .72 3 14 .15 1.67 3 14 .14 2.64 4 14 .17 4.63 4 14 .16 6.70 Fishing 33 8 1.78 1.80 37 9 1.87 1.88 41 10 1.96 1.97 50 10 2.14 2.13 59 10 2.29 2.30 Boating 16 11 .86 .88 32 10 1.62 1.60 48 9 2.29 2.31 87 8 3.72 3.74 133 7 5.16 5.17 Skiing 8 13 .43 .42 12 13 .61 .62 17 12 .81 .82 28 11 1.20 1.22 42 11 1.63 1.81 Surfing --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- Sightseeing 40 6 2.16 2.25 52 7 2.63 2.34 66 7 3.15 2.50 97 7 4.15 2.70 134 6 5.20 3.01 Dr. for Pleas. 232 1 12.51 13.38 252 1 12.75 13.52 273 1 13.02 13.67 314 3 13.43 13.86 354 3 13.73 14.10 TOTAL 843 45.44 120.96 1,059 53.59 158.78 1,306 62.31 199.41 1,897 81.16 286.05 2,622 101.70 386.32 CURRENT AND PROJECTED NON-RESIDENT PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 TOTAL CURRENT AND PROJECTED PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 (OOOIS OF ANNUAL ACTIVITY DAYS) (OOO'S OF ANNUAL ACTIVITY DAYS) - ACTIVITY 1980- 1990 2000 ACTIVITY 1970 - - -------- -1975 1980 1990 2000 Swinniing 7 7 7 7 8 Swimming 161 209 265 405 587 Child's Play Child's Play 141 186 240 378 560 Baseball/Softball, 3 4 4 4 4 Baseball/Softball 37 46 56 80 108 Picnicking 90 95 100 101 113 Picnicking 172 184 195 210 235 Football/Soccer 5 5 5 5 6 Football/Soccer 7 7 7 7 8 Golf 1 1 1 1 1 Golf 43 58 77 125 190 Tennis Tennis 12 13 14 16 17 Basketball Basketball 24 59 98 189 295 Walking 15 16 17 17 19 Walking 35 37 40 42 47 Bicycling Bicycling Nature Study Nature Study 3 3 3 4 4 Fishing 243 257 272 274 307 Fishing 276 294 313 324 366 Boating 66 70 74 75 83 Boating 82 102 122 162 216 Skiing 23 24 26 26 29 Skiing 31 36 43 54 71 Surfing --- --- --- --- --- Surfing --- --- Sightseeing 72 76 80 81 91 Sightseeing; 112 128 146 178 225 Dr. for Pleas. 14 15 8 Dr. for Pleas. 246 267 289 330 372 TOTAL 539 570 602 607 679 TOTAL 1,382 1,629 1,908 2,504 3,301 Note: Asterisks indicate that projected annual activity days were less than 500. Dashes indicate not applicable. Zeros indicate that the activity was not ranked due to insignificant participation days recorded. 153 REGION 12 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 2 0 0 0 Estimates of urban outdoor recreation resource requirements were developed for the Sherman-Denison Metropolitan Area for the years 1970, 1975, 1980, 1990, and 2000 by comparing currenal and projected recreation participation with the current recreation opportunities-V available in the.metro. In addition, the availability and spatial distribution of recreation opportunities provided by parks and recreation facilities were analyzed with respect to subsections of the Sherman- Denison Metro characterized by residents having similar incomes and ethnic backgrounds. Particular attention was given to those subsections expected to undergo relatively rapid,population growth and physical expansion in the future. Conclusions reached from analyzing the distribution of recreation opportunities within the metropolitan area were used to qualify resource requirement estimates where a less than adequate distribution appeared to exist. In the discussions that followresults of the distribution analysis of parks within subsections of the Sherman-Denison Metro Area are presented. Then, estimates of current and future requirements for selected recreation facilities are presented, and qualified by conclusions reached from the distribution analysis of recreation facilities within sub- sections of the metro. PARK DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS In analyzing the availability and distribution of parks in the Sherman-Denison Metro Area, several characteristics were considered: changes in population (or trends in general, 1960 to 1970), areas of the metro which were expected to ex- hibit relatively major expansion, and the dispersion of existing parks among the income/ethnic subsections of the metro. From these interrelated characteristics general conclusions were reached with respect to future park developments for the metro area. Population trends affected estimations of future recreation participation. Projections of population growth for Sherman- Denison indicated that the 19'70 metro population of 53,984 would increase by about one-third by the year 2000. In addi- tion, information provided by urban recreation planners in 1971 shows that major direction of future urban expansion is expected to occur in the southwest area of Denison toward Sherman along U.S. Highway 75, as illustrated by.arrows on the accompanying map, titled "Predominant Ethnic Background and Income Delineations." This same map shows twenty-one income/ethnic subsections which characterize homogenous residential or demographic pat- terns by two major socio-economic factors. As illustrated by that map, the northern half of Denison was populated mainly by low-income and middle-income Anglo residents with one low-income Black subsection. The southwest corner con- sisted of middle-income and high-income Anglo and low-income Black subsections. The southeast corner was comprised of l/ "Current" participation refers to levels of participation by type of selected recreation activity which were estimated for the year 1970. 2/ "Current" recreation opportunities refers to computed figures derived from the numbers of publicly administered faci- lities by type available within the metro area in 1971. 154 ol: .......... m m a- c . 0 g E U (L C, 0 0 i; cw > OR m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LU C4 ...... ...... .......... C/) ..... . . . . . uj 0 10 cc D 0 0 u I 12 z CD z z z 2 z z Z 0 z z z I1 0 < < 0 z 0 m 4 9 0 2 z a g x 4 x 11 1: o:i 4 2 Z< -.i Z, ol,25 0 z 03 > 0 > t 0 t j z 0 . . . 0 142z z z 2 z z z z W 4 .0 4 < z 0 u z z z z z z z u 0, Z- 4 u c% 20 0 0 0 a 0 0 200 0 0 -Z - 0 t 0 00 -Z. U M 1@ Z Z2 LLI Z m LU Jr 00 OU 0 u z -013013 'o El El Din w Cc 0 z w 0 (n LU REGION 12 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R.E.SOURCE R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 middle-income Black, low-incom e and middle-income Anglo households. The western half of Sherman was primarily high- income AnglQ, while the center area, from north to south and west of Highway 75, was chiefly middle-income Anglo fami- lies. The area east of Highway 75 was made up of low-income Anglo and Black and middle-income Anglo subsections. An examination of the "Dispersion of Parks by Type" map reveals that community parks appeared to be fairly well distri- buted throughout the metro area. District parks and specialty parks did not appear to be adequately distributed, how- ever, and no open-land parks were reported. One district park (located in the high-income Anglo subsection in north- western Sherman) and one district park (located in the low-income Black subsection in northeastern Denison) were reported, and specialty parks appeared to be confined to.the central'area of Sherman and western half of Denison. In Denison, areas without parks of any type included one small low-income Anglo subsection in the northeast tip of the metro east of Highway 75 and two middle-income Anglo subsections on the eastern and western extremities. Subsections in Denison for which no parks were reported were: two small low-income subsections at the south end of the city, one Black and one Angloi two were middle-in@ome Anglo subsections, one on the southeastern city limits and one in the north central portion of the metro; and one was a high-income Anglo subsection in the western portion of the metro. The growth areas of the Sherman-Dbnison Metro also appeared to be without parks of any type. Therefore, in any new park developments, consideration should be given to those subsections without parks, and the faster-growing areas, such as the section between Denison and Sherman. In addition to maintaining an adequate dispersion of parks in all portions of the metro area, the provision of dif- ferent types of recreational facilities in parks is also an important consideration. An analysis of the current and future requirements for selected recreational facilities and the current dispersion of facilities in the Sherman- Denison Metro Area is presented in the following discussions. FACILITY REQUIREMENTS AND DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS As mentioned previously, requirements for selected recreational facilities (see the following table) were calculated for the years 1970, 1975, 1980, 1990, and 2000. Then, an analysis of the dispersion of facilities reported in 1971 among the predominant income/ethnic background subsections and the major growth areas of the metro was conducted. Concluqions reached from the facility dispersion analysis were then used to qualify the facility requirement estimates, particularly in those cases where no additional facilities were estimated as being needed within the metropolitan area. Usually, special note is made where growth areas appeared to have limited facilities.. The methodology used to calcu- late facility requirements in general is explained in Appendix C, Part I--An Overview of the Urban Volume. In the discussion that follows, resource requirements for recreational facilities are generally referred to by units of the most important feature necessary to allow participation. For example, when a requirement is shown for swimming pools, features such as a bathhouse, cleaning and filtering system, and other support features are implied when a requirement for the major facility is shown. 156 P@EGION 12 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE METROS 1 9 7 -0 2 0 0 0 Swimming The Sherman-Denison Metro Area had 5,560 square yards of public swimming pools in 1971. Each square yard was esti- mated to provide 150 days of swimming opportunity per year, yielding a total of 834,000 opportunity days. Projected participation for each year was then compared to opportunity days to determine if a surplus or deficit of opportunity existed. For each year a surplus resulted, indicating that the existing facilities should be adequate to satisfy participation through the year 2000. Distribution of swimming facilities appeared to be even; although, in any future expansion of facilities, consideration should be given to maintaining an even dispersion of facilities, parti- cularly in the faster growing areas. Child's Play In 1971, there were twenty-three acres of public playground within the Sherman-Denison Metropolitan Area. These twenty-three acres were estimated to provide some 635,000 opportunity days annually (assuming a standard of 27,623 opportunity days per acre per year). It was estimated that these facilities will be sufficient to meet demand for all planning years, 1970, 1975, 1980, 1990, and 2000. @The distribution of playgrounds in Sherman-Denison appeared to be adequate,as all subsections either had a playground, or were within reasonable distance to one. However, in order to insure adequate dispersions in the future, playgrounds may be needed in the growth areas. Baseball/Softball The eighteen baseball/softball fields existing in 1971 provided approximately 248,000 opportunity days annually (assum- ing a standard of 13,804 days of opportunity provided by a field per year). These eighteen fields were expected to be sufficient to meet demand for baseball/softball through the year 2000. Although a dispersion analysis was not possible from available information, consideration should be given to providing a balanced distribution relaItive to growth areas and the various income/ethnic subsections.. Picnicking There were,eighty public picnic tables in Sherman-Denison in 1971. At 1,702 opportunity days per table per year, these eight tables provided 136,000 days of opportunity annually. These opportunity days were then compared with projected participation for each year to determine facility surpluses or deficits, and facility requirements were found to exist in all planning years. For 1970, it was estimated that twenty-one additional tables were required. By 1975, twenty- eight tables should be required. Between 1975 and 1980, seven more tables should be added for a cumulative requirement to thirty-five by 1980. Another eight tables should be required by 1990, and another fifteen by 2000, bringing the cumulative requirement to fifty-eight tables by 2000. The dispersion of picnicking facilities seemed adequate within Sherman. It appears that facilities for picnicking were needed in the western and northwestern portion of Denison, how- ever, in any future picnicking facility development, consideration should be given to these areas, as well as the fast growing areas to the south of Denison. 157 REGION 12 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 2 0 0 0 Football/Soccer In 1971 the one football/soccer field provided a total of approximately 7,224 opportunity days per field per year (the same as the standard). It is expected that this field, located in Sherman, will be adequate to meet expected participa- tion through the year 2000 for the metro as a whole. However, since Sherman and Denison are physically separated, it appeared that there may be a requirement for a field in Denison. Golf In 1971, there was one publicly administered golf course in the Sherman-Denison Metropolitan Area. Projections for golf indicated that increments of 2, 3, 5, 1*2, and 16 holes should be added to meet expected participation for the years 1970, 1975, 1980, 1990, and 2000, respectively. This would bring the cumulative requirement for 2000 to thirty-eight holes; or the equivalent of four nine-hole courses, two eighteen-hble courses, or some more appropriate combination which considers available resources. Tennis The Sherman-Denison Metro Area in 1971 reported ten tennis courts which, when multiplied by the standard of 2,694 days per court per year, yields nearly 27,000 opportunity days annually. These ten public courts were expected to be suffi- cient to meet participation levels for all planning years. However, the distribution of tennis facilities appeared to be uneven. There was only one public tennis facility in Sherman, and it was located in the northwest corner; and, while Denison had several facilities, all were located in the north. Therefore, although no requirements for tennis courts wereprojected, in any future development of tennis facilities planners should carefully consider dispersion and try to achieve and maintain an adequate distribution. Basketball Based on a conversion standard of 8,795 days of opportunity per court per year, the two public basketball courts enumer- ated in 1971 provided a combined total of approximately 18,000 opportunity days. A comparison of this total.with pro- jected participation for each year indicates that I additional court was needed in 1970, 4 more in 1975, 4 more in 1980, bringing the cumulative requirement to 9 by 1980. Ten additional courts should be added between 1980 and 1990, and twelve more between 1990 and 2000 for a cumulative requirement of 31 courts by the year 2000. hithough distribution could not be discerned from available information, maintaining an even distribution should be an important considera- tion in the future development of basketball courts. 158 REGION 12 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 Trails Activities There were in 1971, three miles of trails in Sherman-Denison for walking, bicycling, and nature study. This total multiplied by the standard of 8,464 days per mile per year yields over 25,000 days of opportunity annually. (Although the total actually amounted to five miles, two of these were horseback riding trail miles. Because resource require- ments were not computed for urban horseback riding trails and because these two miles in the Sherman-Denison Metro Area were not designated for other types of trail usage, they were excluded from the computation of opportunity days.) A comparison of the opportunity days with projected participation indicated no expected requirements for trails for all projection years. A relatively small proportion of the total participation in trail and related activities was estimated to take place in publicly-administered park and recreation areas. It is likely, however, that even though nd resource requirements are shown through the year 2000, the relative proportion of total participation may increase at these recreation areas. Thus, the above estimates of additional resources required may be conservative in the long run and should be considered as minimum estimates. It is clear that the major proportion of walking, bicycling, and nature study is occurring in places other than established recreation areas. The majority of this participation is most likely taking place in local neighborhoods, on city streets, and on available open lands within the area. This phenomenon has direct policy implications with respect to the provision of sidewalks within currently existing and newly developing neighbor- hoods, the development of a system of bike lanes in high use areas, and the provision of adequate open space and green belt areas within the metro area. Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing Surface Acres - Freshwater Lakes (Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing) No surface acres of freshwater lakes were reported available for water-related recreation within the Sherman-Denison Metro Area in 1971. Using participation patterns of the households recreating within the urban areas, it was estimated that a total of 171,000 days of freshwater boating, boat fishing, and skiing participation would have occurred in 1970 if adequate freshwater lakes had been available. Of these 171,000 days, 82,000 were boating participation days, 58,000 were boat fishing days, and 31,000 were skiing days. Sherman and Denison are very close to Lake Texoma; as a result, some of the demand for water-oriente 'd activities may have been satisfied by this reservoir. Projections developed for the water-related activities indicate incremental resource requirements of 410 surface acres in 1970, 69 surface acres .in 1975, 75 surface acres in 1980, 127 surface acres in 1990, and 192 surface acres in 2000. This brings the cumulative resource requirement to 873 surface acres by the year 2000. 159 REGION 12 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: NETROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 Freshwater Boat Rampsl/ No publicly-administered freshwater boat lanes were reported for the Sherman-Denison Metro Area in 1971. By estimating the 1970 total freshwater boat fishing, skiing, and boating participation which would have occurred using freshwater boat ramp facilities to gain access to the water if ramps were available, it was calculated that five boat ramps were needed in 1970. Projected increases in freshwater boat fishing, skiing, and boating participation are expected to require 'one additional freshwater boat ramp in 1975, one in 1980; one in 1990, and two in the year 2000, bringing the cumulative resource requirement to ten ramps in 2000. Since boat ramps are the most frequently used means by which boaters, skiers, and boat fishermen gain access to freshwater lakes, the provision of freshwater surface acres and freshwater boat ramps required should be planned as joint projects, even though, in some cases, this may require the construction of boat ramps prior to the years reflected in the boat ramp resource requirement projections. Summary of Facilities Requirements In 1971 the only two types of designated facilities not available within the metro boundary were surface acres of re- creational freshwater, and freshwater boat ramps. However, much of the demand for water-oriented activities probably was fulfilled by Lake Texoma located only a few miles from the metro. A comparison of opportunity days with estimated participation days for other activities showed a requirement in each planning year for public picnic tables, holes of golf, and basketball courts. It appears that there was a scarcity of picnic tables in the western and northwestern subsections of Denison. Although the one public football field was*estimated to be adequate through the year 2000 for the metro as a whole, no public fields were reported in Denison in 1971. Facilities for swimming, child's play, baseball, and tennis were esti- mated to be adequate through the year 2000. In planning additional facilities, a major criterion should be the geo- graphic distribution of existing facilities relative to growth areas and major income/ethnic subsections. I/ In calculating freshwater boat ramp resource requirements the assumption was made that each boat ramp has two lanes. Supply figures listed in the "Park and Recreation Facilities by Type of Park" table and quoted in the narratives are in terms of single lanes. 160 REGION 12 RECREATION RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS TOTAL 1971 OPPORTUNITY NET OPPORTUNITY DAYS PARTICIPATION DAYS AVAILABLE (OOO'S OF UNITS OF RECREATION (OOO'S OF (OOO'S OF ACTIVITY DAYS) RESOURCES REQUIRED YEAR ACTIVITY ACTIVITY DAYS) ACTIVITY DAYS DEFICIT SURPLUS CUMULATIVE INCREMENTAL Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 151 834 683 0 square yards:2-/ 0 square yards-2/ Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 141 635 494 0 acres 0 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 37 248 211 0 fields 0 fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 136 36 21 tables 21 tables Football/Soccer.* . . . . . . . . . . . 7 7 0 0 0 fields 0 fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 36 7 2 holes 2 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 27 15 0 courts, dbl. 0 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 24 18 6 1 court,.full I court, full 1970 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 171 0 171 410 surfaS7 acres 410 surfacy acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 134 0 134 5 ramps- 5 ramps3 Trails Activities: Walking. 4/ 0 miles 0 miles Bicycling. : : : : *. *. -@/ 0 miles 0 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 miles 0 miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 54/ 25 20 0 miles 0 miles ACTIVITY Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 196 834 638 0 square yardsZ/ 0 square yards-2/ Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 186 635 449 0 acres 0 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 46 248 202 0 fields 0 fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 136 48 28 tables 7 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 7 0 0 0 fields 0 fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 36 22 5 holes 3 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 27 14 0 courts, dbl. 0 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 18 41 5 courts, full 4 courts, full 1975 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 200 0 200 479 surfa57 acres 69 surface acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW 155 0 155 6 ramps- I ramp-3/ Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 0 miles 0 miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4/ 0 miles 0 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 mile@ 0 miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, I Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 54/ 25 20 0 miles 0 miles 161 REGION 12 RECREATION RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS TOTAL 1971 OPPORTUNITY NET OPPORTUNITY DAYS PARTICIPATION DAYS AVAILABLE (000ts OF UNITS OF RECREATION (OOO'S OF . (OOO'S OF ACTIVITY DAYS) RESOURCES RE)QUIRED YEAR ACTIVITY ACTIVITY DAYS) ACTIVITY DAYS DEFICIT SURPLUS CUMULATIVE INCREMENTAL Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 249 V 834 585 0square yards-21 0 square yards2l Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 240 635 395 0acres 0 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 56 248 192 0fields 0 fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 136 59 35 tables 7 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 7 0 0 0fields 0 fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 36 41 10 holes 5 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 27 13 0courts, dbl. 0 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 18 80 9courts, full 4 courts, full 1980 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 231 0 231 554 surfac7 acres 75 surface acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 177 0 177 7ramps-3 1 ramp-37 Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44/ 0miles 0 miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *4/ 0miles 0 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14/ 0miles 0 miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 54/ 25 20 0miles 0 miles ACTIVITY Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 381 834 453 0square yards!/ 0 square yards 2/ Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 378 635 257 0acres 0 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 80 248 168 0fields 0 fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 136 74 43 tables 8 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 7 0 0 0fields 0 fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 36 89 22 holes 12 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 27 11 0courts, dbl. 0 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 18 171 19 courts, full 10 courts, full 1990 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 284 0 284 681 surfa57 acres 127 surfa acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 214 0 214 8ramp a- I ramp Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44/ 0miles 0 miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0miles 0 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0miles 0 miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, 54/ 25 20 0miles 0 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . - 162 REGION 12 RECREATION RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS TOTAL 1971 OPPORTUNITY NET OPPORTUNITY DAYS PARTICIPATION DAYS AVAILABLE (0001S or UNITS OF RECREATION (OOO'S OF (OOOfS OF ACTIVITY DAYS) RESOURCES REQUTRED YEAR ACTIVITY ACTIVITY DAYS) ACTIVITY DAYS) DEFICIT SURPLUS CUMULATIVE INCREMENTAL Swimming (Pools) ... . . . . . . . . . 552 1/ 834 282 0 square yards- 2/ 0 square yardsg/ Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 560 635 75 0 acres 0 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 108 248 140 0 fields 0 fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 136 99 58 tables 15 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 7 1 0 fields 0 fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 36 154 38 holes 16 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 27 10 0 courts, dbl. 0 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295 18 277 31 courts, full 12 courts, full 2000 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 364 0 364 873 surfac7 acres 192 surfa acres 0 271 to ran, 2 rampsP Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 271 3 Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . 5 4/ 0 miles 0 miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4/ 0 miles 0 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 miles 0 miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, . Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 6 25 19 0 miles 0 miles Note: Asterisks indicate that projected annual activity days were less than 500. 1/ Includes only swimming participation occurring in swim. ing pools, 94 percent of the total in urban areas, 2/ Designated freshwater swimming areas may be substituted for swimming pools. When making substitutions consider total swimming participation. 3/ Assumes 2.0 lanes per ramp. 4/ Reflects estimated participation occurring in park and recreation areas; does not include participation occurring outside park and recreation areas. Of the total walking, bicycling, and nature study participation it was determined that 10.5, 4.0, and 20.1 percent, respectively for each activity, occurs in park and recreation areas. 163 m 0 0 c z > : m 0 > >x@x 00 TEXAS ARKANSAS F7) REGION 13 REGIONAL DESCRIPTION: JEXARKANA METROPOLITAN AREA Texarkana is located on the Texas-Arkansas-border and is commercially POPULATION one city, but consists of two municipalities, one in Texas and the 1970 Metro Area Population: 51,585 other in Arkansas. The city is the site of varied industries and is Change 1960-1970: +1% a distribution center of industrial products for a three-state area. Race Composition Located near Texarkana is the Red River Army Depot which stores, White 71%.!/ reconditions, and issues supplies for the U.S. Army. A major annual Negro ..... 28% event in Texarkana is the Four States' F.air and Rodeo (September). Other ..... <.5% The city is also the site of Texarkana College. Age Composition (years): 13 or less ..... 24% 14 - 20 ..... 13% 21 - 44 ..... 26% 45 64 ..... 23% 65 and over ...... 14% ECONOMY Agribusiness Distribution Lumbering l/ Includes persons of Mexican and/or Spanish descent. 165 REGION 13 CITY SIZE: METRO P U B L I C L Y A D M I N I S T E R E D R E C R E A T 1 0 N 0 P P 0 R T U N I T I E S LAND AND WATER ACREAGE ACRES. REGION STATEWIDE 13 AVERAGE METRO METRO AREAS 35% Developed Land 149 1,307 REGION Undeveloped Land 280 536 13 METRO Total Land 429 1,843 65% Water Within or Adjacent 6 1,006 Total Land and Water 435 2,849 FM DEVELOPED LAND UNDEVELOPED LAND The Texarkana Metro Area has a total of 429 acres of land set aside as park and recreation areas. In addition 6 surface acres of water either within or adjacent to 71% these parks were reported. Of the total land acreage, 149 acres are developed with STATEWIDE facilities, leaving 280 acres available for future , AVERAGE development. 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Z>1 0 p 0 -,4 z PL4 PL4 @4 -@4 PL4 V) 414 14 m @3: 0@ DISPERSION OF PARKS BY TYPE URBAN PARKS 13 0 DISTRICT PARK 0 COMMUNITY PARK SPECIALTY PARK 93 OPEN-LANDPARK 0 0 82 0 0 67 TEXARKANA POP 52,179 0 0 N TEXAS 30,497 ARKANSAS 21,682 59 Cn < z x w cc FEDERAL CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTION REGION 13 1 TEXARKANA AREA 1/2 o lu Source: 1971 Municipal Inventory Update 168 METRO BOUNDARY t I REGION 13 CITY SIZE: METRO PARK AND RECREATION FACILITIES BY TYPE OF PARK UNITS PER THOUSAND DISTRICT COMMUNITY SPECIALTY PEOPLE REGION STATEWIDE TYPE OF FACILITY PARK PARK PARK TOTAL PER 13 AVERAGE (UNITS) (UNITS) (UNITS) UNITS UNIT METRO METRO AREAS Games and Sports: Parks ............................... 2 7 1 10 5,158 .192 .150 Tennis Courts ...................... 0 5 0 5 10,317 .096 .142 Basketball Courts .................. 1 6 1 8 6,448 .154 .071 Baseball/Softball Fields ........... 6 1 0 7 7,369 .134 .186 Football/Soccer Fields ............. 1 0 0 1 51,585 .019 .032 Picnicking: Parks .............................. 2 11 1 14 3,684 .269 .124 Tables ............................. 51 28 2 81 636 1.557 1.230 Playground: Parks .............................. 3 11 .5 19 2,715 .366 .170 Acres Developed .................... 7 24 4 35 1,473 .673 .258 Swimming: Parks .............................. 1 1 0 2 25,792 .038 .050 Pools (Sq. Yd.) .................... 800 333 0 1,133 46 21.788 25.950 Designated Fresh Water (Sq. Yd.)... 24,200 0 0 24,200 2 465.384 52.242 Boating: Parks .............................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .006 Ramp Lanes Fresh Water ........... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .008 Camping: Parks... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .002 0 0 0 0 --- --- Campsites .121 Fishing: Parks .............................. 1 1 0 2 25,792 .038 .013 Pier/Barge/Marina-Fresh Water (Yd.) 0 0 0 0 --- --- .049 Golfing: Courses ............................ 0 0 0 0 --- --- .005 Holes ............................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .100 Trails: Parks .............................. 0 0 0 0 --- .006 Nature (Mi.) ....................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .009 Horseback (Mi.) .................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .003 Bicycle (Mi.) ...................... 0 .0 0 0 --- --- .007 Hiking (Mi.) ....................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .006 Total Trails (Mi.) ................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- ;,021 169 REGION 13 PARK AND RECREATION FACILITIES BY TYPE OF PARK CITY SIZE: METRO UNITS PER THOUSAND DISTRICT COMMUNITY SPECIALTY PEOPLE REGION STATEWIDE TYPE OF FACILITY PARK PARK PARK TOTAL PER 13 AVERAGE (UNITS) (UNITS) (UNITS) UNITS UNIT METRO METRO AREAS Sport Shooting: Parks ............................. 0 0 0 0 --- .002 Traps ............................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .002 Shooting Targets .................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .004 Archery Targets ................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .011 Miscellaneous: Parks ............................. 3 4 2 9 5,731 .172 .038 Amphitheatre Seats ................ 20 20 0 40 1,289 .769 1.077 Botanical Gardens (Acres) ......... 0 0 1 1 51,585 .019 .077 zoos (Acres) ...................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .051 Community/Recreation Centers ...... 1 2 1 4 12,896 .077 .038 Most of the park and recreation facilities are in District or Community Parks. The only facilities in Specialty Parks are for games and sports (one basketball court), picnicking, playgrounds, a community/recreation center and a small botanical garden. One District Park and one Community Park have water acreage for fishing although no specific fishing facilities were reported. Along with a swimming pool, the District Park category shows designated fresh water swimming area. A total of-4 community/recreation centers were reported. Of the 23 parks, 19 have playgrounds, 14 have picnicking facilities, and 10 have games and sports facilities. The most common types of games and sports facilities are basketball with 8 courts, followed by baseball/softball with 7 fields, tennis with 5 courts and football/soccer with one field. Looking at selected facilities in relation to the number of potential users we find the following: 51,585 persons for each football/soccer-field 6,448 persons for each basketball court 12,896 persons for each community/recreation center 1,473 persons for each acre of playground 10,317 persons for each tennis court 636 persons for each picnic table 7,369 persons for each baseball/softball field 46 persons for each square yard of swimming pool The Texarkana Metro Area is above the Statewide Metro average for facility units per 1,000 only for basketball courts, picnic tables, playground acres, designated fresh water swimming area and community/recreation centers, while falling below the average for tennis courts, baseball/softball fields, football/soccer fields, square yards of swimming pools, amphitheatre seats and acres of botanical gardens. No boat ramp lanes, campsites, yards of fishing piertbarge/marina, golf holes, trail miles, sport shooting facilities or zoo acreage were reported. 170 REGION 13 CONVERSION OF FACILITIES TO RECREATION OPPORTUNITY DAYS CITY SIZE: METRO Current opportunity days for 1971 were calculated by multiplying the number of facilities available for each activity in the metro area (determined from the Texas Outdoor Recreation Inventory of Parks, Recreation Areas, and Facilities) times the standard for the facility. DAYS PER THOUSAND POPULATION ANNUAL REGION STATEWIDE DAYS 13 AVERAGE ACTIVITY-FACILITY AVAILABLE METRO METRO Swimming (Pools) - square yards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169,950 3,268 3,891 Child's Play - playground acres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 966,805 18,592 7,137 Baseball/Softball - fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96,628 1,858 2,577 Picnicking - tables . i . 137,862 2,651 2,093 Football/Soccer - fields 7,224 139 235 Golf - holes . . . . . ;. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 414 Tennis - courts, double . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,470 259 384 Basketball - courts, full . . . . . . . . . . . ; . . . . . . 70,360 1,353 625 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW - surface acres . . . . . . 417 8 2,962 Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW - boat ramps . . . .. . . . 0 .0 103 Trail Activities: Combined Walking, Bicycling, and Nature Study miles . . . . 0 0 164 The Texarkana Metro Area offers the most opportunity days for child's play, followed by swimming (in pools) and picnicking. A comparison between the opportunity days per thousand population for the Texarkana Metro Area and the Statewide Metro average shows that the Texarkana Metro Area surpasses the statewide average for three of the activity types-- child's play, picnicking, and basketball. The Texarkana Metro Area is below the Statewide Metro average for swimming (in pools), baseball/ softball, football/ soccer, tennis, and surface acres for freshwater boating, boat fishing and skiing, with no opportunity days a@yailable for golf, freshwater boat ramps and the trails activities. 171 REGION 13 ESTIMATED CURRENT AND FUTURE PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METRO The twenty-third ranking metro area, based on population, Texarkana ranked twenty-third in total participation for the year 1970. Estimates for 1970 indicate that residents and non-residents in the area spent over 1.2 million recreation days in pursuit of urban outdoor recreation opportunities available within the metro area. Resident For the 16 activities shown, total days of participation in urban outdoor recreation by residents of the Texarkana Metropolitan Area was estimated to be 1.1 million days in 1970. Total participation is expected to increase to 1.6 million days in 1975 and to 2.2 million days in 1980. These projections represent increases of 45.5 percent by 1975 and 98.9 percent by 1980. Participation on a days per household 'basis is projected to increase from 61.8 days in 1970 to 89.4 days in 1975, and to 121.7 days in 1980--increases of 44.8 percent and 97.0 percent, respectively. Residents of the Texarkana Metropolitan Area are expected to participate at a rate of 62, 72, and 81 days per household below the statewide average for the other Texas metropolitan areas in 1970, 1975, and 1980, respectively. For the more dis- tant years of 1990 and 2000, bbth total days of participation and days per household are expected to increase, but days per household will remain below the statewide average for all metropolitan areas. Projections for specific activities-indicate that 13 of the 16 activities will'increase in total days of participation through the year 1975 and 1980. Participation on a days per h6usehold basis is expected to increase in 11 activities by 1980, while.football and bicycling will decline. Basketball and nature study will remain relatively constant. In 1970, the six most popular activities based on total participation were estimated to be: swimming, child's play, driv- ing for pleasure, walking, picnicking, and golf, respectively. By 1975, participation days in walking is expected to increase by 65.7 percent and the activity will replace driving for pleasure as the number three ranked activity. Driv- ing for pleasure will then become the fourth most popular activity. Child's play, which ranked second in 1970, will remain the second most popular activity. Picnicking, which ranked fifth, will exchange places with golf, which was sixth. In 1980 swimming is expected to remain the first ranked activity, child's play second, and walking will remain third. Driving for pleasure, golf, and picnicking will continue to be the fourth, fifth, and sixth ranked activities. Non-Resident For the urban outdoor recreation activities specified for 1970, participation within the Texarkana Metropolitan Area by non-residents was estimated to total 93,000 days. Compared to the 1970 level, total participation is expected to remain constant at 93,000 days in 1975 and increase by 2.2 percent (to 95,000 days) by 1980. A decrease of 6.4 percent (to 87,000 days) is expected in 1990 with an increase in the year 2000 of 1.0 percent (to 94,000 days) in comparison to 1970 figures. In terms of days of participation for 1970, the most popular non-resident activities, of the specific activities pro- jected, were: sightseeing, with 45,000 days; driving for-pleasure, with 17,000 days; picnicking and walking, with 9,000 days; child's play, with 5,000 days; and football, with 4,000 days. Assuming adequate facilities are made available, participation for all activities is expected to remain relatively constant through the year 2000, with no anticipated change in popularity. 172 REGION 13 CURRENT AND PROJECTED RESIDENT PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS (000-S OF ANNUAL ACTIVITY DAYS) 1970- 1975 1980 1990 2000 STATE- STATE- STATE- STATE- STATE- REG.13 WIDE REG.13 WIDE REG.13 WIDE REG.13 WIDE REG. 13 WIDE METROS METROS METROS METROS METROS METROS METROS METROS METROS METROS PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE ACTIVITY DAYS RANK DAYS/H DAYS/HH DAYS RANK DAYS/HH. DAYS/H11 DAYS RANK DAYS/ DAYS/HH DAYS RANK DAYS/HH DAYS/HH DAYS RANK DAYS/HH DAYS/11H Swimming 265 1 14.54 27.41 429 1 23.42 36.52 645 1 35.05 47.17 1,212 1 67.54 75.28 1,960 1 112.03 110.14 Child's Play 249 2 13.66 14.08 387 2 21.13 17.72 557 2 30.27 22.00 959 2 53.44 32.20 1,483 2 84@77 43.99 Baseball/Softball 16 8 .88 2.78 25 10 1.37 3.19 35 10 1.90 3.59 50 9 2.79 4.41 67 9 3.83 5.22 Picnicking 79 5 4.33 5.72 85 6 4.64 5.66 89 6 4.84 5.66 89 6 4.96 5.61 89 7 5.09 5.64 Football/Soccer 12 12 .66 1.43 12 12 .66 1.42 12 13 .65 1.41 11 13 .61 1.39 11 13 .63 1.38 Golf 66 6 3.62 3.92 ill 5 6.06 4.98 169 5 9.18 6.16 310 4 17.27 8.96 491 4 28.07 12.07 Tennis 10 13 .55 6.06 11 13 .60 9.21 11 14 .60 11.49 11 13 .61 16.07 11 13 .63 21.46 Basketball 3 15 .16 1.60 3 15 .16 2.59 3 15 .16 3.57 2 15 .11 5.52 2 15 .11 7.53 Walking 137 4 7.52 18.21 227 3 12.39 23.09 317 3 17.23 29.20 483 3 26.91 39.89 641 3 36.64 50.31 Bicycling 14 11 .77 20.30 14 11 .76 32.77 14 12 .76 45.25 14 12 .78 68.44 13 12 .74 95.49 Nature Study 0 --- .72 1 16 .05 1.67. 1 10 .05 2.64 2 15 .11 4.63 2 15 .11 6.70 Fishing 33 7 1.81 1.80 34 7 1.86 1.88 36 9 1.96 1.97 38 10 2.12 2.13 40 10 2.29 2.30 Boating 16 8 .88 .88 29 9 1.58 1.60 43 8 2.34 2.31 67 8 3.73 3.74 90 6 5.14 5.17 Skiing 8 14 .44 .42 11 13 .60 .62 15 11 .82 .82 22 11 1.23 1.22 28 11 1.60 1.81 Surfing --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- Sightseeing 15 10 .82 2.25 34 7 1.86 2.34 53 7 2.88 2.50 70 7 3.90 2.70 86 8 4.92 3.01 Dr. for Pleas. 203 3 11.14 13.38 225 4 12.29 13.52 240 4 13.04 13.67 243 5 13.54 13.86 245 5 14.00 14.10 TOTAL 1,126 61.78 120.96 1,638 89.43 158.78 2,240 121.73 199.41 3,583 199.65 286.05 5,259 300.60 386.32 CURRENT AND PROJECTED NON-RESIDENT PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 TOTAL CURRENT AND PROJECTED PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 (0001S OF ANNUAL ACTIVITY DAYS) (OOO'S OF ANNUAL ACTIVITY DAYS) ACTIVITY 1970 1975 1980 1990 2000 ACT-IVITY 1970 1975 1980 1990 2000 Swimming 2 2 2 2 2 Swimming 267 431 647 1,214 1,962 Child's Play 5 5 5 5 5 Child's Play 254 392 562 964 1,488 Baseball/Softball baseball/Softball 16 25 35 50 67 Picnicking 9 9 9 9 9 Picnicking 88 94 98 98 98 Football/Soccer 4 4 4 4 4 Football/Soccer 16 16 16 15 15 Golf Golf 66 ill 169 310 491 Tennis Tennis 10 11 11 11 11 Basketball I I 1 1 1 Basketball 4 4 4 3 3 Walking 9 9 9 9 9 Walking 146 236 326 492 650 Bicycling Bicycling 14 14 14 14 13 Nature Study Nature Study 1 1 2 2 Fishing I 1 1 1 1 Fishing 34 35 37 39 41 Boating Boating 16 29 43 67 90 Skiing Skiing 8 11 15 22 28 Surfing --- --- --- --- --- Surfing --- --- --- --- Sightsecing 45 45 46 46 46 Sightseeing 60 79 99 116 132- Dr. for Pleas. 17 17 18 18 17 Dr. for Pleas. 220 242 258 265 262 TOTAL .93 93 95 95 94 TOTAL 1,219 1,731 2,335 3,678 52353 Note: Asterisks indicate that projected annual activity days were less than 500. Dashes indicate not applicable. Zeros indicate that the activity was not ranked due to insignificant participation days recorded. 173 REGION 13 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 UR C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 Estimates of urban outdoor recreation resource requirements were developed for the Texarkana Metropolitan Area for the years 1970, 1975, 1980, 1990, and 2000 by comparing current-I/ and projected recreation participation with the current recreation opportunities.Z/ available in the metro. In addition, the availability and spatial distribution of recreation opportunities provided by parks and recreation facilities were analyzed with respect to subsections of the Texarkana Metro characterized by residents having similar incomes and ethnic backgrounds. Particular attention was given to those subsections expected to undergo relatively rapid population growth and physical expansion in the future. Conclusions reached from analyzing the distribution of recreation opportunities within the metropolitan area were used to qualify resource requirement estimates where a less than adequate distribution appeared to exist. In the discussions that follow, results of the distribution analysis of parks within subsections of the Texarkana Metro Area are presented. Then, estimates of current and future requirements for selected recreation facilities are presented, and are qualified by conclusions reached from the distribution analysis of recreation facilities within subsections of the Texarkana Metro. PARK DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS in analyzing the availability and distribution of parks in the Texarkana Metro, several characteristics were considered: changes in population (or trends in general, 1960 to 1970), areas of the metro which were expected to exhibit relatively major expansion, and the dispersion of existing parks among the income/ethnic subsections of the metro. From these interrelated characteristics general conclusions were reached withrespect to future park developments for the metro area. Population trends affected estimations of future recreation participation. Projections of population growth for Texarkana indicated that the 1970 population of 51,585 would decline slightly to about 49,512 persons by the year 2000. In addition, information provided by urban recreation planners of the area shows that the major direction of future urban expansion was expected in the west (as illustrated by the arrow on the map, titled "Predominant Ethnic Background and Income Subsections"). In the Texarkana, Texas portion of the metropolitan area there were four subsections, as in dicated by local urban re- creation planners in 1971, which are delineated on the accompanying "Predominant Ethnic Background and Income Sub- sections" map. Socio-economic data were not available were not available for Texarkana, Arkansas. The four subsections l/ "Current" participation refers to levels of participation by type of selected recreation activity which were esti- mated for the year 1970. 2/ "Current" recreation opportunities refers to computed figures derived from the numbers of publicly-administered faci- lities by type available within the metro area in 1971. 174 p- m a) D 0 m z < m r, 02 SVSNV>i W V u (D 0 > 0 C 0 X F- SVX3-L W.0 F- z > LU CM c> (E T 0(a 0 0 Lu m z LL Z 0 < LLI F- Cl w - Lu jr F- LL CC 0 LU LO D 0 LLJ 2 0 0 C-) V, CD z CV) w r- CL z (r 0 0 Z5 < z LLI m 0 m 0 0 u 00 10 LU z UJ 1. Iz, 0 > 0 0 b- 0 z 1 6, < - I cl 50 0 0 a c 0 0 0 0 0 4 Z- 00, s a a > s 2 0 u LLI z u ; E z Fzo CL z 5 qu 11 @ REGION 13 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 in Texas comprised as follows: two subsections of low-income Blacks; one, a relatively large subsection, located in southwestern portion of the metro and generally between Highways 59 and 67 before their junction, and the other.a smaller subsection, located close to the business district of the metro between Highways 14 and'93 and north of High- way 82; one very large subsection of middle-income Anglos comprising the majority of the metro area west and south of the core area excepting only the larger Black subsectional area; and one large high-income Anglo subsection located in the north central portion of the metro. In analyzing the dispersion of parks among the subsections, a comparison of the "Dispersion of Parks by Type" map and the "Predominant Ethnic Background and,Income Subsections" map indicated that the community, district, and specialty parks reported in 1971 were adequate distributed with two exceptions. One, there were no parks reported in the smaller of the two Black subsections, and two, there no parks indicated in the western major growth area. While the dispersion of parks having facilities appeared to be adequate, the metro area had only one open land park located in the western major growth area. Also, parks in the Arkansas portion of the metro appeared to be concentrated in the southern half of the area, leaving the northeastern portion of the whole metro area lacking in parks of any type. Future develop- ments of additional parks probably should be considered for the entire metro area with emphasis on the outlying por- tions northeast, northwest, west., and southwest of the central core area. Where resources are available, considera- tion should be given to providing open-land parks throughout the metropolitan area. In addition to maintaining an adequate dispersion of parks in all portions of the metro area, the provision of dif- ferent types of recreational facilities in parks is also an important consideration. An analysis of the current and future requirements for selected recreational facilities and the current dispersion of facilities in the Texarkana Metro is presented in the following discussions. FACILITY REQUIREMENTS AND DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS As mentioned previously, requirements for selected recreational facilities (see the following table) were calculated for the years 1970, 1975, 1980, 1990, and 2000. Then, an analysis of the dispersion of existing facilities among the predominant income/ethnic subsections and potential growth areas of the metro was conducted. Conclusions reached from the facility dispersion analysis were then used to qualify the facility requirement estimates, particularly in those cases where no additional facilities were estimated as being needed within the metropolitan area. Usually, special note is made where growth areas appeared to have limited facilities. The methodology used to calculate faciliiy requirements in general is explained in Appendix C, Part I--An Overview of the Urban Volume. In the dis- cussion that follows, resource requirements for recreational facilities are generally referred to by units of the most important feature necessary to allow participation. For example, when a requirement is shown for swimming pools, features such as a bathhouse, cleaning and filtering system, and other support features are implied when a requirement- for the major facility is shown. 176 REGION 13 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZEe METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 Swimmin Based on a facility standard of 150 days per year per square yard of pool, the 1,133 square yards reported in 1971 pro- vided approximately 170,000 opportunity days. Accordingly, an additional 540 square yards would have been required to adequately accommodate demand, estimated at 251,000 participation days in 1970. On the basis of the 1971 opportunities level, the cumulative resource requirement was calculated to increase from 540 square yards in 1970 to 1,567 square yards in 1975, to 2,9@O square yards in 1980, to 6,473 square yards in 1990, and to 11,160 square yards by the year 2000. A dispersion analysis indicates that there were no public swimming pools in the central or southern portions of the metro. Child's Play The Texarkana Metro in 1971 had thirty-f ive acres of playground dispersed through nineteen parks within the metro. Multiplying the thirty-five acre units by the playground standard (each acre was calculated to provide 27,623 days of recreation opportunity per unit per year) provided an estimated 967,000 annual opportunity (potential participation) days. Annual opportunity days were then compared with the forecasted demands, as shown in the Texarkana resource requirements table. Playgrounds appear to be adequate for all planning periods until the year 2000 when nineteen additional acres will be needed. Since the existing playgrounds were relatively well distributed among the population in 1971, additional playgrounds should be similarly dispersed with emphasis placed on potential growth areas. Baseball/Softball With an existing seven baseball/ softball fields providing approximately 97,000 opportunity days (the facility standard utilized was 13,804 opportunity days provided per field each year), overall the Texarkana Metro Area appeared to have a sufficient number of fields to meet facility requirements through the year 2000. Although dispersion analysis could not be performed from available data, maintaining a distribution which considers growth areas and the various income/ ethnic subsections is important in the allocation of additional fields. Picnicking There were eighty-one public picnic tables in Texarkana in 1971. At 1,702 'days of opportunity per table per year (standard), the existing tables provided approximately 138,000 days annually. The existing number of tables was expected to provide adequate overall opportunity through the year 2000. The distribution of picnicking facilities appeared to be balanced. Additional picnic tables probably should be considered for potential growth areas. Football/Soccer The one football/soccer field in the Texarkana Metro Area provided about., 7,000 days of opportunity annually. The addition of one field in 1970, was estimated to be an adequate number of fields to meet requirements for these 177 REGION 13 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 activities through the year 2000. The distribution of football/soccer facilities could not be discerned from data available for 1971, but local analysis can insure an equitable distribution with attention to potential growth areas and income/ethnic subsections. Golf There were no publicly-administered golf courses in Texarkana in 1971. Using the urban golf standard, each golf hole was calculated to be capable of providing 4,047 days of recreation opportunity annually. Comparing the expected parti- cipation for the projection years with the available opportunity days shows that the metro would have required sixteen holes (or at least one eighteen-hole course) in 1970. Incrementally, additions of 11, 15, 35, and 44 holes would be needed in the years 1975, 1980, 1990, and 2000, respectively, to meet expected increases in golfing participation. As a general rule, golf courses are constructed in multiples of nine holes; therefore, by the year 2000 the Texarkana Metro Area will need slightly over.thirteen nine-hole courses (121 holes), six eighteen-hole courses and one nine-hole course, or some appropriate combination which considers local-resourses. Tennis The 13,000 opportunity days provided by the five tennis courts available in 1971 (each court can provide about 2,694 days of opportunity per year) should be adequate to meet resource requirements through the year 2000. Although dis- persion of these facilities could not be discerned from available data, adequate distribution should be considered in current and future planning efforts. Basketball Based on the urban basketball standard, each of the eight basketball courts in the Texarkana Metro Area provided approximately 8,795 days of opportunity per year, for a total of about 70,000 annual basketball opportunity days. By comparing available opportunity days with demand for each projection year as expressed in the Texarkana recreation resource requirement table, the eight courts available appeared to be sufficient to meet expected requirements through the year 2000. Dispersion analysis of basketball facilities could not be accomplished with available data, but main- taining an adequate distribution is an important consideration relative to growth areas and income/ethnic subsections. Trails Activities Since there were no designated trails reported for the Texarkana Metro Area in 1971, analysis of expected participation for walking, bicycling, ana nature study indicated a need for two miles of trail by 1970. Given the expected growth in participation in trail activities, incremental needs were projected for one mile in 1975, one mile in 1980, two miles in 1990, and two miles by the year 2000, bringing the cumulative resource requirement to eight miles of trail by the year 2000. 178 REGION 13 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: NETROS 1 9 7 0 2 0 0 0 A relatively small proportion of the total participation in trail and related activities was estimated to take place in publicly-administered park and recreation areas. It is likely, however, that as trail facilities are provided, the relative proportion of total participation will increase at these recreation areas. Thus, the above estimates of resources required may be conservative in the long run and should be considered as minimum estimates. In addition to the expectations for increases in participation in trail and related activities at publicly-administered park and recreation areas, it is clear that the major proportion of walking, bicycling, and nature study is occurring in places other than established recreation areas. The majority of this participation is most likely taking place in local neighborhoods, on city streets, and on available open lands within the area. This phenomenon has direct policy impli- cations with respect to the provision of sidewalks within currently existing and newly developing neighborhoods, the development of a system of bike lanes in high use areas, and the provision of adequate open space and green belt areas within the metro area. Water-Related Activities: -Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing Surface Acres - Freshwater Lakes (Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing) A total of one surface acre of freshwater was located within the Texarkana lletrc rolitan Area in 1971. Because of the limited freshwater available, no boating, boat fishing, or skiing participation was reported in the Texas Outdoor Recreation Household Demand Survey. Using participation patterns of households re 'creating in the urban areas, it was estimated that boating would have totaled 16,000 days, boat fishing 7,000 days, and skiing 8,000 days for a total of 31,000 days in 1970 if adequate freshwater lakes had been available. An analysis of estimated participa- tion indicated that incremental resource requirements should increase from an additional 74 acres needed in 1970, to 39 acres by 1975, 45 acres by 1980, 75 acres in 1990, and 71 acres in the year 2000. This brings the cumulative resource requirement to an additional 304 surface acres by the year 2000. Freshwater Boat Ramps l/ No publicly-administered freshwater boat lanes were reported for the Texarkana Metro in 1971. By estimating the 1970 total freshwater boat fishing, skiing, and boating participatioA which would have occurred using freshwater boat ramp facilities to gain access to the water if ramps were available, it was calculated that one boat ramp was needed in 1970. Projected increases in freshwater boat fishing, skiing, and boating participation are expected to require one additional in 1980, one in 1990, and no *ne in the year 2000, bringing the cumulative resource requirement to three ramps by 2000. Since boat ramps are the most frequently used means by which boaters, skiers, and boat fishermen gain l/ In calculating freshwater boat ramp resource requirements the assumption was made that each boat ramp has two lanes. Supply figures listed in the "Park and Recreation Facilities by Type of Park" table and quoted in the narratives are in terms of single lanes. 179 Q REGION 13 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 access to freshwater lakes, the provision of freshwater surface acres and freshwater boat ramps required should be planned as joint projects, even though, in some cases, this may require the construction of boat ramps prior to the years reflected in the boat ramp resource requirement projections. Summary of Facilities Requirements In 1971 the Texarkana Metro reported no public golf courses, designated trails, or freshwater boat ramps. In order for the number of opportunity days to equal the estimated number of participation days, incremental resource require- ments were indicated in all planning horizon years for golf courses and designated trail facilities, and were indi- cated as necessary in 1970, 1980, and 1990 for freshwater boat ramps. The metro had one football/soccer field, with one additional field estimated to be required in 1970 to adequately accommodate demand for all subsequent planning horizon years. Also, only one acre of freshwater lake was available within the metro boundary, with incremental resource requirements indicated for all planning horizon years. To augment existing facilities, additional square yards of public swimming facilities were estimated to be required in 1970, 1975, 1980, 1990, and 2000. Additional acres of playground were estimated to be necessary, beginning in the year 2000. On the other hand, the number of existing baseball/softball fields, public picnic tables, tennis courts, and basketball courts was calculated to be adequate through the year 2000. A dispersion analysis was possible only for a few of the facility types. There was an apparent absence of public swimming pools in the central and southern portions of the metro. Playgrounds and picnic tables appeared to be reasonably well dispersed in 1971. In the provision of additional facilities for all types of outdoor recreation activities, an important criterion is a balariced distribution which considers the various income/ethnic subsections and growth areas. 180 REGION 13 RECREATION RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS TOTAL 1971 OPPORTUNITY NET OPPORTUNITY DAYS PARTICIPATION DAYS AVAILABLE (OOOIS OF WITS OF RECREATION (OOO'S OF (OOO'S OF ACTIVITY DAYS) RESOURCES REQUIRED YEAR ACTIVITY ACTIVITY DAYS) ACTIVITY DAYS DEFICIT SURPLUS CUKULATIVE INCREMENTAL Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . 251 170 81 540 square yards-V 540 square yards 2/ Child's Play (Playgrounds) - - ... . : 254 967 713 0 acres 0 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 16 97 81 0 fields 0 fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 138 50 0 tables 0 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 7 9 1 field I field Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 0 66 16 holes 16 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 13 3 0 courts, dbl. 0 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 70 66 0 courts, full 0 courts, full 1970 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 31 0 31 74 surfac 74 surfac7 acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW 24 0 24 1 ramp 37 acres I ramp Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 4/ 2 miles 2 miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4/ <1 mile <1 mile Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 <1 mile <1 mile Combined Walking, Bicycling, Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 16 4/ 0 16 2 miles 2 miles ACTIVITY Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 405 170 235 1,567 square yardsV 1,027 square yards-2/ Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 392 967 575 0 acres 0 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 25 97 72 0 fields 0 fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 138 44 0 tables 0 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 7 9 1 field 0 fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ill 0 ill 27 holes 11 holes Tennis . . . . . . . I. . . . . . . . . 11 13 2 0 courts, dbl. 0 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 70 66 0 courts, full 0 courts, full 1975 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW 47 0 47 113 surfac@ acres 39 surf acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW 35 0 35 1 'ramp 0 ramP32 Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . 25 4/ 3 miles i mile Bicycling . . . . . . . . . : : '. I z/ <1 mile 0 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . <1 mile 0 miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 26 0 26 3 miles I mile 181 REGION 13 RECREATION RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS TOTAL 1971 OPPORTUNITY NET OPPORTUNITY DAYS PARTICIPATION DAYS AVAILABLE (OOO'S OF UNITS OF RECREATION (GOO'S OF (OOO'S OF ACTIVITY DAYS) RESOURCES REQUIRED YEAR ACTIVITY ACTIVITY DAYS ACTIVITY DAYS DEFICIT SURPLUS CUMULATIVE INCREMENTAL Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 608 170 438 2,920 square yards!' 1,353 square yardsv Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 562 967 405 0 acres 0 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 35 97 62 0 fields 0 fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 138 40 0 tables 0 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 7 9 1 field 0 fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 0 169 42 holes 15 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 13 2 0 courts, dbl. 0 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 70 66 0 courts, full 0 courts, full 1980 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 66 0 66 158 surfa@? acres 45 surfas7 acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 47 0 47 2 ramps- I ramp - Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 4/ 4 miles I mile Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14/ <1 mile 0 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . <1 mile 0 miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 35 4/ 0 35 4 miles I mile ACTIVITY Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 1,141 170 971 6,473 square yards-2/ 3,553 square yards-2/ Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 964 967 3 0 acres 0 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 50 97 47 0 fields 0 fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 138 40 0 tables 0 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 7 8 1 field 0 fields- Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310 0 310 77 holes 35 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 13 2 0 courts, dbl. 0 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 70 67 0 courts, full 0 courts, full 1990 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW 97 0 97 233 surface acres 75 surfac7 acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 69 0 69 3 ramps-3/ I ramp Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 6 miles 2 miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14/ <1 mile 0 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . <1 mile 0 miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, Nature Study . . . . . . . . . S3 4/ 0 53 6 miles 2 miles 182 REGION 13 RECREATION RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS TOTAL 1971 OPPORTUNITY NET OPPORTUNITY DAYS PARTICIPATION DAYS AVAILABLE (OOO'S OF UNITS OF RECREATION (000's OF (000-S OF ACTIVITY DAYS) RESOURCES REQUIRED YEAR ACTIVITY ACTIVITY DAYS) ACTIVIr DAYS) DEFICIT SURPLUS CUMULATIVE INCREMENTAL Swimming (Pools) ... . . . . . . . . . 1,844 l/ 170 1,674 11,160 square yards2/ 4s687 square yards-2/ Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 1,488 967 521 19 acres 19 acres ,Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . 111 67 97 30 0 fields 0 fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 138 40 0 tables 0 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 7 8 1 field 0 field Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491 0 491 121 holes 44 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 13 2 0 courts, dbl. 0 courts,-dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 70 67 0 courts, full 0 courts, full 2000 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 127 0 127 304 surfa@y acres 71 surfa3c7 acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 88 0 88 3 ramps- 0 ramps= Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . 68 4/ 8 miles 2 miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14/ <1 mile 0 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4/ <1 mile 0 miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 69 4/ 0 69 8 miles 2 miles Note: Asteris ks indicate that projected annual activity days were less than 500. I/ Includes only swimming participation occurring in swimming pools, 94 percent of the total in urban areas. _@/ Designated freshwater swimming areas may be substituted for swimming pools. When making substitutions consider total swimming participation. 51 Assumes 2.0 lanes per ramp. 4/ Reflects estimated participation occurring in park and recreation areas; does not include participation occurring outside park and recreation areas. Of the total walking, bicycling, and nature study participation it was determined that '10.5, 4.0, and 20.1 percent, respectively for each activity, occurs in park and recreation areas. 183 m > REGION 14 REGIONAL DESCRIPTION: TYLER METROPOLITAN AREA Tyler, once a quiet farming community, made its real surge for POPULATION development in 1930 with the discovery of the great East Texas 1970 Metro Area Population: 57,770 Oil Field. Since that time, Tyler has become East Texas' Change 1960-70: +13% largest and foremost city of commerce and industry. Race Composition l/ White 77%7 Tyler boasts the nation's largest rose garden and is the Negro ..... 22% center of a vast rosebush growing area. The city hosts the Other ..... <.5% Texas Rose Festival (October), East Texas Fair (September), Age Composition (years): and the Azalea Trail (March or April). Tyler also has a sym- 13 or less ..... 25% phony orchestra, civic theater, and is the home of Tyler Junior 14 - 20 ..... 14% College, with an enrollment of over 5,000. 21 - 44 ..... 29% 45 - 64 21% Numerous medical facilities are in Tyler, the Medical Center 65 and over ..... 11% Hospital being one of the most modern and best-equipped facil- ities in the Southwest. ECONOMY Lumbering Tyler is the center of a diversified agricultural area. Live- Manufacturing stock and pasture improvement, dairying, forestry, vegetables, Oil and fruit@growing are among agricultural pursuits. Tyler is also Processing the main headquarters for major and independent oil exploration and development companies. The ci@y has approximately 125 man- ufacturing and processing plants, which make a wide variety of products. I/ Includes persons of Mexican and/or Spanish descent. 185' REGION 14 CITY SIZE: METRO P U B L I C L Y A D M I N I S T E R E D R E C R E A T 1 0 N 0 P P 0 R T U N I T I E S LAND AND WATER ACREAGE ACRES REGION STATEWIDE 14 AVERAGE METRO METRO AREAS 85% Developed Land 321 1,307 REGION Undeveloped Land 55 536 14 METRO Total Land 376 1,843 15% Water Within or Adjacent 0 1,006 Total Land and Water 376 2,849 FM DEVELOPED LAND UNDEVELOPED LAND Tyler has a total of 376 acres of land set aside as park and recreation areas. No surface acres of water either within or adjacent to the parks were reported. 71% Of the total land acreage, 321 acres are developed with facilities, leaving 55 acres available for future STATEWIDE development. 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Q) $4 4) W -I OD -1 -4 P@ rn wm -r4 \.D ca @4 hd CA- 10 0) P. p 114 41 a) -14 CL -C (1) w 0 $4 0 ca @4W0- 0 "a 0 4J -4 cd 0) d) a) Rco -A >1 0 C: 9: 44 .,4 @, PL4 P, @j P4 Z 4-J PL4M4J @l ca <4 0 E- c 0 0 :1) co C/) 0 Cf) 0 > -0 -v a 0 5; z m m m z M !2 > > c cn > o z 0 -n A 31 > A L-) EL w 0 z Vb m -------------- ---- Lrl or REGION 14 CITY SIZE: METRO PARK AND RECREATION FACILITIES BY TYPE OF PARK UNITS PER THOUSAND DISTRICT COMMUNITY SPECIALTY PEOPLE REGION STATEWIDE TYPE OF FACILITY PARK PARK PARK TOTAL PER 14 AVERAGE (UNITS) (UNITS) (UNITS) UNITS UNIT METRO METRO AREAS Games and Sports: Parks .............................. 2 9 1 12 4,814 .206 .150 Tennis Courts ...................... 5 5 0 10 5,777 .172 .142 Basketball Courts .................. 1 0 0 1 57,770 .017 .071 Baseball/Softball Fields ........... 4 9 3 16 3,610 .275 .186 Football/Soccer Fields ............. 0 0 1 1 57,770 .017 .032 Picnicking: Parks .............................. 2 2 1 5 11,554 .086 124 Tables ............................. 11 4 2 17 3,398 .293 1:230 Playground: Parks .............................. 2 9 4 15 3,851 258 .170 Acres Developed .................... 4 15 7 26 2,221 :448 .258 Swimming: Parks .............................. 2 0 0 2 28,885 .034 .050 Pools (Sq. Yd.) .................... 1,700 0 0 1,700 34 29.310 25.950 Designated Fresh Water (Sq. Yd.)... 0 0 0 0 --- --- 52.242 Boating: Parks ........................ 0 0 0 0 --- .006 Ramp Lanes - Fresh Water ..... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .008 Camping: Parks .............................. 0 0 1 1 57,770 .017 .002 Campsites .......................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .121 Fishing: Parks .............................. 0 0 0 0 --- -7- .013 Pier/Barge/Marina-Fresh Water (Yd.) 0 0 0 0 --- --- .049 Golfing: Courses ............................ 0 0 0 '0 --- --- .005 Holes ............................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .100 Trails: Parks .............................. 0 0 2 2 28,885 .034 .006 Nature (Mi.) ....................... 0 0 3 3 19,256 .051 .009 Horseback (Mi.) ................... 0 0 0 --- --- .003 Bicycle (Mi.) ...................... 0 0 0 0 .007 Hiking (Mi.) ....................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .006 Total Trails (Mi.) ................. 0 0 3 3 19,256 .051 .021 189 REGION 14 PARK AND RECREATION FACILITIES BY TYPE OF PARK CITY SIZE: METRO UNITS PER THOUSAND DISTRICT COMMUNITY SPECIALTY PEOPLE REGION STATEWIDE TYPE OF FACILITY PARK PARK PARK TOTAL PER 14 AVERAGE (UNITS) (UNITS) (UNITS) UNITS UNIT METRO METRO AREAS Sport Shooting: Parks ............................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .002 Traps ............................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .002 Shooting Targets .................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .004 Archery Targets ................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .01-1 Miscellaneous: Parks ............................. 0 1 1 2 28,885 .034 .038 Amphitheatre Seats ................ 0 3,000 0 3,00 1,925 51.724 1.077 Botanical Gardens (Acres) ......... 0 0 20 2C 2,888 .344 .077 Zoos (Acres) ...................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .051 Community/Recreation Centers ...... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .038 The park and recreation facilities in Tyler are distributed among all three park categories. Both of the District Parks have swimming pools, the only two in the city. The Specialty Park category contains a park with camping permitted although no specific camping facilities were reported. An amphitheatre in a Community Park and a botanical gardens in a Specialty Park were inventoried. In addition the only trail miles are found in the Specialty Park category. Of the 19 parks, 15 have playgrounds, 12 have facilities for games and sports and 5 have picnicking facilities. The most common types of games and sports facilities are baseball/softball with 16 fields, followed by tennis with 10 courts, basketball with one court and football/soccer with one field. Looking at selected facilities in relation to the number of potential users we find the following: 57,770 persons for each football/soccer field 3,610 persons for each baseball/softball field 57,770 persons for each basketball court 3,398 persons for each picnic table 19,256 persons for each mile of trails 2,221 persons for each acre of playground 5,777 persons for each tennis courts 34 persons for each square yard of swimming pool Tyler is above the Statewide Metro average for facility units per 1,000 for tennis courts, baseball/softball fields, playground acres, square yards of swimming pools, trail miles, amphitheatre seats and acres of botanical gardens. Tyler is below the average for basketball courts, football/soccer fields and picnic tables. No designated fresh water swimming area, boat ramp lanes, campsites, yards of fishing pier/barge/marina, golf holes, sport shooting facilities, zoo acreage or community/recreation centers were reported. 190 REGION 14 CONVERSION OF FACILITIES TO RECREATION OPPORTUNITY DAYS CITY SIZE: METRO Current opportunity days for 1971 were calculated by multiplying the number of facilities available for each activity in the metro area (determined from the Texas Outdoor Recreation Inventory of Parks, Recreation Areas, and Facilities) times the standard for the facility. DAYS PER THOUSAND POPULATION ANNUAL REGION STATEWIDE DAYS 14 AVERAGE ACTIVITY-FACILITY AVAILABLE METRO METRO Swimming (Pools) - square yards . . . . . 255,000 4,397 3,891 Child's Play - playground acres . . . . . 718,198 12,383 7,137 Baseball/Softball - fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220,864 3,808 2,577 Picnicking - tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,934 499 2,093 Football/Soccer fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,224 125 235 Golf - holes . ' * ' * * ' * * ' ' * * * * ' * ' * ' * * * 0 0 414 Tennis - courts , double . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,940 464 384 .Basketball - courts, full . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,795 152 625 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW` - surface acres . . . . . . 0 0 2,962 Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW - boat ramps . . . . . . . . 0 0 103 Trail Activities: Combined Walking, Bicycling, and Nature Study - miles . . . . 25,392 438 164 The Tyler Metro Area offers the most opportunity days for child's play, followed by swimming (in pools) and baseball/ softball. A comparison between the opportunity days per thousand population for the Tyler Metro Area and the State- wide Metro average shows that the Tyler Metro Area surpasses the statewide average for five of the activity types-- swimming (in pools), child's play, baseball/softball, tennis, and the trails activities. The Tyler Metro Area is below the Statewide Metro average for picnicking, football/soccer, and basketball, with no opportunity days available for golf, surface acres for freshwater boating, boat fishing, and skiing, and freshwater boat ramps. 191 REGION 14 ESTIMATED CURRENT AND FUTURE PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METRO The twenty-first ranking metro area, based on population, Tyler ranked nineteenth in total participation for the year 1970. Estimates for 1970 indicate that residents and non-residents in the area spent over 1.7 million recreation days in pursuit of urban outdoor recreation opportunities available within the metro area. Resident Total days of participation in urban outdoor recreation activities by the residents of the Tyler Metropolitan Area for 16 activities shown was estimated to be 1.6 million days in 1970. Total participation is expected to increase to 2.4 million days in 1975 and to 3.4 million days in 1980. These projections represent increases of 52.1 percent by 1975 and 112.2 percent by 1980. Participation on a days per household basis is projected to increase from 81.2 days in 1970 to 115.7 days in 1975, and to 151.6 days in 1980--increases of 42.3 and 86.8 percent, respectively, over the 1970 level. Residents of the Tyler Metropolitan Area are expected to participate at a rate of 43, 46, and 51 days per household below the statewide average for the other Texas metropolitan areas in 1970, 1975, and 1980, respectively. For the more distant years of 1990 and 2000, both total days of participation and days per household are expected to increase, but will remain below the statewide average for all metropolitan areas. Projections for specific activities indicate that each of the 16 activities will increase in total days of participa- ,tion through the years 1975 and 1980. On a days per household basis, participation is expected to increase in 14 acti- vities by 1980, while football and tennis will decrease. Based on total participation, the six most popular activities in 1970 were: bicycling, swimming, driving for pleasure, child's play, picnicking, and basketball. In 1980 the six most popular activities in the Tyler Metropolitan Area are expected to be bicycling, swimming, driving for pleasure, child's play, basketball, and walking. Non-Resident For the urban outdoor recreation activities specified for 1970, participation within the Tyler Metropolitan Area by non- residents, was estimated to total 157,000 days. Compared to the 1970 level, total participation is expected to increase 3.2 percent (to 162,000 days) by 1975 and 7.6 percent (to 169,000 days) by 1980. Similar increases are projected for the years 1990 and 2000. In terms of days of participation for 1975, the most popular non-resident activities were: sightseeing, with 61,000 days; golf, with 25,000 days; fishing, with 19,000 days; and picnicking, with 16,000 days. Assuming adequate facilities are made available, a moderate increase in participation for all activities is expected through the year 2000, with no change in the order of activity popularity anticipated. 192 REGION 14 CURRENT AND PROJECTED RESIDENT PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS (OOO'S OF ANNUAL ACTIVITY DAYS) 1970 1975 1980 1990 2000 STATE- STATE STATF- STATE- STATE REG.14 WIDE REG.14 WIDE REG.14 WI DE REG.14 WIDE REG.14 WIDE METROS METROS METROS IIETROS METROS METROS METROS NETROS METROS METROS PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE ACTIVITY DAYS RANK DAYS/ DAY`S/HH DAYS RANK DAYq/HH DAYSIHH DAYS RANK DAYS/ DAYS/HH DAYS RANK DAYSIRR DAYS/HH DAYS RANK DAYS/HH DAYS/HH Swimming 247 2 12.70 27.41 354 2 17.06 36.52 494 2 22.36 47.17 862 2 35.22 75.28 1,397 2 51.44 110.14 Child's Play 172 4 8.84 . 14.08 242 4 11.66 17.72 330 3 14.94 22.00 555 3 22.68 32.20 888 3 32.70 43.99 Baseball/Softball 7 14 .36 2.78 10 14 .48 3.19 13 14 .59 3.59 20 14 .82 4.41 29 13 1.07 5.22 Picnicking 80 5 4.11 5.72 87 7 4.19 5.66 94 7 4.25 5.66 108 8 4.41 5.61 122 9 4.49 5.64 Football/Soccer 23 10 1.18 1.43 24 il 1.16 1.42 25 11 1.13 1.41 28 12 1.14 1.39 30 12 1.10 1.38 Golf 44 7, 2.26 3.92 65 8 3.13 4.98 93 8 4.21 6.16 169 7 6.9i 8.96 286 7 10.53 12.07 Tennis 18 11 .93 6.06 19 12 .92 9.21 20 12 .91 11.49 22 13 .90 16.07 23 15 .85 21.46 Basketball 63 6 3.24 1.60 132 5 6.36 2.59 210 5 9.50 3.57 386 4 15.77 5.52 598 5 22.02 7.53 Walking 40 8 2.06 18.21 114 6 5.49 23.09 196 6 8.87 29.20 383 5 15.65 39.89 609 4 22.42 50.31 Bicycling 596 1 30.64 20.30 1,003 1 48.33 32.77 1,458 1 6.5.99 45.25 2,480 1 101.33 68.44 3,712 1 136.68 95.49 Nature Study 1 16 .05 .72 1 16 .05 1.67 1 16 .05 2.64 2 16 .08 4.63 3 16 .11 6.70 Fishing 35 9 1.80 1.80 39 9 1.88 1.88 43 10 1195 1.97 52 10 2.12 2.13 63 10 2.32 2.30 Boating 17 12 .87 .88 33 10 1.59 1.60 51 9 2.31 2.31 92 9 3.76 3.74 140 8 5.15 5.17 Skiing 8 13 .41 .42 13 13 .63 .62 18 13 .81 82 30 11 1.23 1.22 -44 11 1.62 1.81 Surfing --- --- --- --- --- --- Sightseeing 6 15 .31 2.25 9 15 .43 2.34 11 15 .50 2.50 18 1.5 .74 2.70 28 14 1.03 3.01 Dr. for Pleas. 222 3 11.41 13.38 256 3 12.33 13.52 293 4 13.26 13.67 374 6 15.28 13.86 472 6 17.38 14.10 TOTAL 1,579 81.17 120.96 2,401 115.69 158.78 3,350 151.63 199.41 5,581 228.04 286.05 8,444 310.91 386.32 CURRENT AND PROJECTED NON-RESIDENT PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 TOTAL CURRENT AND PROJECTED PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 (0001S OF ANNUAL ACTIVITY DAYS) (OOOIS OF ANNUAL ACTIVITY DAYS) ACTIVITY 1970 1975 1980 1990 2000 ACTIVITY 1970 1975 1980 1990 2000 Swimming 2 2 3 3 3 Swimming 249 356 497 865 1,400 Child's.Play Child's Play 172 242 330 555 888 Baseball/Softball Baseball/Softball 7 10 13 20 29 Picnicking 16 16 17 17 18 Picnicking 95 103 ill 125 140 Football/Soccer 8 8 8 9 9 Football/Soccer 31 32 33 37 39 Golf 25 26 27 28 29 Golf 69 91 120 197 315 Tennis Tennis 18 19 20 22 23 Basketball Basketball 63 132 210 386 598 Walking 13 14 14 15 16 Walking 53 128 210 398 625 Bicycling Bicycling 596 1,003 1,458 2,480 3,712 Nature Study Nature Study 1 1 1 2 3 Fishing 19 20 21 21 23 Fishing 54 59 64 73 86 Boating Boating 17 33 51 92 140 Skiing Skiing 8 13 18 30 44 Surfing --- --- --- --- --- Surfing --- --- --- --- --- Sightseeing 61 63 65 68 71 Sightseeing 67 72 76 86 99 Dr. for Pleas. 13 13 14 14 15 Dr. for Pleas. 235 269 307 388 487 TOTAL 157 162 169. 175 184 TOTAL 1,736 2,563 3,519 5,756 8,628 Note: Asterisks indicate that projected annual activity days were.less than 500. Dashes indicate not applicable. Zeros indicate that the activity was not ranked due to_ insignificant participation days recorded. 193 REGION 14 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 Estimates of urban outdoor recreation resource require ents were developed for the Tyler Metropolitan Area for the years 1970, 1975, 1980, 1990, and 2000 by comparing currentV and projected recreati6n participation with the current recrea- tion opportunities-2/ available in the metro. In addition, the availability and spatial distribution of recreation oppor- tunities provided by parks and recreation facilities were analyzed with respect to subsections of Tyler characterized by residents having similar incomes and ethnic backg rounds. Conclusions reached from analyzing the distribution of recreation opportunities within the metropolitan area were used to qualify resource requirement estimates where a less than adequate distribution appeared to exist. In the discussions that follow, results of the distribution analysis of parks within subsections of Tyler are presented. Then, estimates of current and future requirements for selected recreation facilities are presented for the metropolitan area and are qualified by conclusions reached from the distribution analysis of recreation facilities within subsections of Tyler. PARK DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS In analyzing the availability and distribution of parks in Tyler, two characteristics were considered: changes in pop- ulation (or trends in general, 1960-1970), and the dispersion of existing parks among the income/ethnic subsections of the metro. From these characteristics, general conclusions were reached with respect to future park developments for the metro area. Population trends affected estimations of future recreation participation. Projections of population growth for Tyler indicated that the 1970 population of 57,770 would increase about 40 percent by the year 2000. Information on the major directions of future urban expansion was not available. The "Predominant Ethnic Background and Income Subsections" map shows nine subsections, as delineated by planners in 1971. Low-income households tended to be concentrated in the northern portion of Tyler, particularly north of Highway 31. This area had a mixture of low-income Blacks and Anglos. A large part of the southern half of the metro was made up of predominantly middle-income Anglos. Middle-income Anglos and Blacks were located in the northwest third of Tyler. Planners reported two subsections of predominantly high-income Anglos, both in the southern portion of the metro. I/ "Current" participation refers to levels of participation by type of selected recreation activity which were estimated for the year 1970. 2/ "Current" recreation opportunities refers to computed figures derived from the numbers of publicly-administered faci- lities by type available within the metro area in 1971. 194 LA 0CD c r 0a. (a Z) 0c -0 LJ@) c c xxx ;K . . . . . . . . . .. . XK xx>@ . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . LU U) m cc D u a u z z D cz z Z z < I a @ ci 0 0 <u 0 z L) < 0 z x < Z < 05 > > 0 0 0 @ I , - z z z z z < < < < 0 u z z Z@o z z Z,. I Z-5 5< @-, -' Is 2 2 z 2 c c o o o 0 o o 0 co z @ Z' UJ z z< 0 Cc D c0 z MI. uo El E2 Qc El Ell EllEl 0 0 z < LLI LLJ F- LU z z 0 a LLI REGION 14 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: NETROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 A comparison of the "Predominant Ethnic Background and Income Subsections" map with the "Dispersion of Parks by Type" map indicates that park distribution was not evenly balanced in 1971. Two income/ethnic subsections had no parks at all: the small low-income Black area on the northern fringe of the metro, and a small middle-income Anglo area in the northeastern corner of Tyler. Moreover, the southeastern half of the metro (the area roughly south and south- east of Highway 31, on the map) had only a few parks in spite of the fact that a substantial proportion of the popu- lation (predominantly middle and high-income Anglos) resided in this part of the metro. District parks, the larger parks with facilities for at least two major urban activities, were located in the northwest third of Tyler. Although community parks appear to have been fairly well dispersed throughout the metro, specialty parks tended to be highly concentrated in west central Tyler. In 1971 there were two open land parks. This type of park is important in pro- viding a balanced and aesthetically pleasing environment. In the development of additional parks, consideration should be given to providing a balanced distribution relative to growth areas and the various income/ethnic subsections. In addition to maintaining an adequate dispersion of parks in all portions of the metro area, the provision of different types of recreational facilities in parks is also an important consideration. An analysis of the current and future requirements for selected recreational facilities and the current dispersion of facilities in Tyler is presented in the following discussions. FACILITY REQUIRENENTS AND DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS As mentioned previously'. requirements for selected recreational facilities (see the following table) were calculated for the years 1970, 1975, 1980, 1990, and 2000. Then, an analysis of the dispersion of existing facilities among the pre- dominant income/ethnic background subsections of the metro was conducted. Conclusions reached from the facility dis- persion analysis were then used to qualify the facility requirement estimates, particularly in those cases where no additional facilities were estimated as being needed within the metropolitan area. The methodology used to calculate facility requirements in general is explained in Appendix C, Part I--An Overview of the urban voiume. In the discussion that follows, resource requirements for recreational facilities are generally referred to by units of the most impor- tant feature necessary to Allow participation. For example, when a requirement is shown for swimming pools, features such as a bathhouse, cleaning and filtering system, and,other support features are implied when a requirement for the major facility is shown. Swimming The Tyler Metropolitan Area in 1971 had 1,700 square yards of public swimming pools, which, using a standard of 150 days of swimming opportunity per year, provided an estimated 255,000 swimming days annually. It was estimated that the existing facilities were sufficient to meet participation in 1970. A comparison of opportunity days with projected participation days revealed, however, that 527 additional square,yards of swimming pools would be needed by 1975. An incremental addition of 886 square yards will be needed by 1980, bringing the cumulative requirement to 1,413 square yards in 1980. Incremental additions of 2,307 square yards and 3,353 square yards should be made by 1990 and 2000, respectively. This would bring the cumulative requirement to 7,073 square yards over all projection years. The two 196 REGION 14 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: NETROS 1 9 7 0 2 0 0 0 swimming facilities in Tyler were located in the northern and northwestern portions of the metro in predominantly middle-income Black and Anglo areas. In the development of additional facilities, consideration should be given to maintaining a balanced distribution relative to growth areas and the various income/ethnic subsections. Child's Play Tyler had twenty-six acres of public playground in 1971. Each acre was estimated to provide 27,623 opportunity days per year, which yielded approximately 718,000 opportunity days annually. Annual opportunity days were then compared with projected participation for each planning year to determine deficits or surpluses. It was estimated that the reported twenty-six acres of playground should be sufficient to meet participation through the year 1990. By 2000, six acres of playground should be added for a cumulative requirement of six acres for the thirty-year period. Since virtually all of the parks had at least some playground facilities, the distribution of playgrounds was essentially the same as the distribution of parks. In view of this, any additional facilities probably should be considered for the two small subsections which had no public recreation facilities, the southern and southeastern parts of Tyler (predominantly middle and high-income Anglo), and growth areas. Baseball/Softball With an existing sixteen baseball/softball fields providing an estimated 221,000 days of opportunity (the facility standard utilized was 13,804 opportunity days per field annually), the Tyler Metro Area appeared to have a sufficient number to meet activity requirements for baseball /sof tbal I through the year 2000. Although a dispersion analysis was not possible from available information, consideration should be given to providing a balanced distribution relative to growth areas and the various income/ethnic subsections. Picnicking Given a standard of 1,702 opportunity days per table per year, the seventeen public picnic tables existing in Tyler in 1971 should provide approximately 29,000 opportunity days for picnicking each year. A comparison of these oppor- tunity days with expected participation revealed that, in 1970, there was a requirement for an additional thirty-nine public picnic tables. By 1975, a requirement for 43 tables should exist, and by 1980 it it estimated that a cumul@L- tive total of 48 tables will be needed. Incremental additions of 8 tables and 9 tables should be made by 1990 and 2000, respectively, which will bring the cumulative requirement to 65 tables needed by 2000. There were no public picnicking facilities at all reported south of Highway 31; therefore, in the future, consideration should be given to the placement of public picnic tables in the southern half of the metro (comprised of predominantly middle and high- income Anglos). 197 REGION 14 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 Football/Soccer In 1971, there existed only one football/soccer field in the Tyler Metro Area and it provided 7,224 opportunity days an nually. In 1970., there was a requirement for three additional fields, the provision of which is expected to satisfy participation until 1975. Between 1975 and 1980, another field should be added for a cumulative total of four by 1980. It is expected that no additional fields will be required until 2000, when one more should be added, bringing the cumu- lative total to five. Although a dispersion analysis was not possible from available information, consideration should be given to providing a balanced distribution relative to growth areas and the various income/ethnic subsections. Golf In 1971, there were no publicly-administered golf courses within the Tyler Metro Area. In 1970 it was estimated that a requirement existed for seventeen holes of golf (the equivalent of two nine-hole courses or one eighteen-hole course). It is projected that incremental additions of 5, 8, 19, and 29 holes will be necessary for the years 1975, 1980, 1990, and 2000, respectively. This will bring the cumulative requirement to seventy-eight holes by the year 2000. Since golf courses are usually constructed in multiples of nine holes, this would mean that the Tyler Metro Area would re- quire by 2000 nine nine-hole courses, or slightly over four eighteen-hole courses and a nine-hole course, or some other appropriate combination that considers local resources. In the allocation of municipal golf courses, considera- tion should be given to locations which would maximize access for the largest number of potentiallusers, as well as provide convenient access for persons in the various income/ethnic subsections. Tennis In 1971, the Tyler Metro Area reported ten public tennis courts which provided an estimated 27,000 opportunity days annually. A comparison of opportunity days with participation days showed that the ten tennis courts should be suffi- cient to satisfy participation through the year 2000. Although a dispersion analysis was not possible from available information, consideration should be given to providing a balanced distribution relative to growth areas and the various income/ethnic subsections, if additional facilities are provided. Basketball The one basketball court enumerated in 1971 provided about 8,800 days of opportunity per year. A comparison of esti- mated participation with the existing opportunity showed that six additional basketball courts were needed in 1970. Another eight were needed in 1975, and nine more between 1975 and 1980. This brings the cumulative requirement to twenty-three by 1980. The incremental addition of twenty courts in 1990, and twenty-four in the year 2000 brings the cmulative requirement to sixty-seven courts by the year 2000. Although a dispersion analysis was not possible from available information, consideration should be given to providing a balanced distribution relative to growth areas and the various income/ethnic subsections. 198 REGION 14 R E C R E A T'I 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 2 0 0 0 Trails Activities The three miles of trail available in the Tyler Metropolitan Area should provide approximately 25,000 opportunity days per year, assuming a standard for combined walking, bicycling, and nature study trails of 8,464 days per mile per year. A comparison of opportunity days with participation days shows that I mile of trail was required in 1970 to meet parti- cipation in trails activities, and incremental additions of 2 miles by 1975, 3 miles by 1980, 8 miles by 1990, and 9 miles by the year 2000 were expected in order to satisfy participation levels. These additions will bring the cumula- tive requirement to twenty-three miles of trail (for walking, bicycling, and nature study) by the year 2000. A relatively small proportion of the total participation in trail and related activities was estimated to take place in publicly-administered park and recreation areas. It is likely, however, that as additional trail facilities are pro- vided, the relative proportion of total participation will increase at these recreation areas. Thus, the above estimates of additional resources required may be conservative in the long run and should be considered as minimum estimates. In addition to the expectations for increases in participation in trail and related activities at publicly administered park and recreation areas, it is clear that the major proportion of walking, bicycling, and nature study is occurring in places other than established recreation areas. The majority of this participation is most likely taking place in local neighborhoods, on city streets, and on available open lands within the area. This phenomenon has direct policy implications with respect to the provision of sidewalks within currently existing and newly developing neighborhoods, the development of a system of bike lanes in high use areas, and the provision of adequate open space and green belt areas within the metro area. Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing Surface Acres - Freshwater Lakes (Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing) No surface acres of freshwater lakes were reported available for water-related recreation within the Tyler Metro Area in 1971. Using participation patterns of the households recreating within other urban areas, it was estimated that a total of 36,000 days o,f freshwater boating, boat fishing, and skiing participation would have occurred in 1970 if'ade- quate freshwater lakes had been available. Of the 36,000 days, about 17,000 were boating participation days, ll,*000 were boat fishing days, and 8,000 were skiing days. Projections developed for the water-related activities indicated incremental metro area resource requirements of 86 surface acres in 1970, 53 surface acres in 1975, 60 surface acres in 1980, 129 surface acres in 1990, and 156 surface acres in 2000. This brings the cumulative resource requirement to 484 surface acres by the year 2000. 199 REGION 14 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 Freshwater Boat Ramps=l/ No publicly-administered freshwater boat lanes were reported for the Tyler Metro Area,in 1971. By estimating the 1970 total freshwater boat fishing, skiing, and boating participation which would have occurred using freshwater boat ramp facilities to gain access to the water if ramps were available, it was calculated that one boat ramp was needed in 1970. Projected increases in freshwater boat fishing, skiing, and boating participation were expected to require one additional freshwater boat ramp in 1975, none in 1980, two in 1990, and one in the year 2000, bringing the cumulative resource re- quirement to five ramps in 2000. Since boat ramps are the most frequently used means by which boaters, skiers, and boat fishermen gain access to freshwater lakes, the provision of freshwater surface acres and freshwater boat ramps required should be planned as joint projects, even though, in some cases, this may require the construction of boat ramps prior to the years reflected in the boat ramp resource requirement projections. Summary of Facilities Requirements in 1971 three types of outdoor recreation facilities were unavailable within the Tyler Metro Area: public golf courses, surface acres of freshwater lakes, and freshwater boat ramps. Resource requirements for golf holes, and acres of freshwater lakes were shown for all planning horizon years. Freshwater boat ramps were estimated to be required in all planning horizon years except 1980. At least some public facilities were reported for all other selected activi- ties; however, opportunities were estimated to be inadequate for all except baseball/softball fields and tennis courts, both of which were estimated to be adequate through the year 2000. The distribution analysis indicated that parks and facilities tended to be concentrated in the northern half of Tyler, particularly toward the northwest. The southern half of the metro (comprised mainly of middle and high-income Anglos), on the other hand, had relatively few parks and facilities. Although information was not available regarding direc- tions of major urban expansion, this consideration, together with the distribution of facilities relative to the various income/ethnic subsections, is an important criterion in locating additional facilities. I/ In calculating freshwater boat ramp resource requirements the assumption was made that each boat ramp has two lanes. Supply figures listed in the "Park and Recreation Facilities by Type of Park" table and quoted in the narratives are in terms of single lanes. 200 REGION 14 RECREATION RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS TOTAL 1971 OPPORTUNITY NET OPPORTUNITY DAYS PARTICIPATION DAYS AVAILABLE (00ofs OF UNITS OF RECREATION (OOO'S OF (OOO'S OF ACTIVITY DAYS) RESOURCES REQUIRED YEAR ACTIVITY DAYS ACTIVITY DAYS DEFICIT SURPLUS CUMULATIVE INCREMENTAL Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 234 -11 255 21 0square yards!' 0square yar 2/ Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 172 718 546 0acres 0acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 7 221 214 0fields 0fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 29 67 39 tables 39 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 7 24 3fields 3fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 0 69 17 holes 17 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 27 9 0courts, dbl. 0courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 9 54 6courts, full 6courts, full 1970 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 36 0 36 86 surfaS7 acres 86 surfac7 acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 29 0 29 1ramp Iramp Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 <1 mile <1 mile Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 1mile 1mile Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1mile < Imile combined Walking, Bicycling, Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 30 4/ 25 5 1mile Imile ACTIVITY Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 335V 255 80 527 square yards!/ 527 square yards-2/ Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 242 718 476 0acres 0acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 10 221 211 0fields 0fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 29 74 43 tables 4tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 7 25 3fields 0fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 0 91 22 holes 5holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 27 @8 0courts, dbl. 0courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 9 123 14 courts, ifull 8courts, full 1975 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 46 0 46 139 surfac7 acres 53 surface acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FIAT . . . 44 0 44 2ramps-3 1ramp-3/ Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 1mile 1mile Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 4/ 2miles Imile Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . < Imile 0miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, . Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 53 4/ 25 28 3miles 2miles 201 REGION 14 RECREATION RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS TOTAL 1971 OPPORTUNITY NET OPPORTUNITY DAYS PARTICIPATION DAYS AVAILABLE (OOO'S OF UNITS OF RECREATION (0001S OF (OOO'S OF ACTIVITY DAYS) RESOURCES REQUIRED YEAR ACTIVITY ACTIVITY DAYS) ACTIVITY DAYS DEFICIT SURPLUS CUMULATIVE INCRERENTAL Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 467 1/ 255 212 1,413 square yards-2/ 886 square yards- 2 Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 330 718 388 0acres 0 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 13 221 208 0fields 0 fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 29 82 48 tables 5 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 7 26 4fields I field Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 0 120 30 holes 8 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 27 7 0courts, dbl. 0 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 9 201 23 courts, full 9 courts, full 1980 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 83 0 83 199 surface acres 60 surface acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 61 0 61 2ramp,3/ 0 ramps2/ Trails Activities: Walking . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 4/ 2miles 1 mile Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 4miles 2 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . * <1 mile 0 miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, 4/ 25 55 6miles 3 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 80 - ACTIVITY Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 813 1/ 255 558 3,720 square yards2/ 2,307 square yards-2/ Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 555 718 163 0acres 0 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 20 221 201 0fields 0 fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 29 96 56 tables 8 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 7 30 4fields 0 fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 0 197 49 holes 19 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 27 5 0courts, dbl. 0 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386 9 377 43 courts, full 20 courts, full 1990 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 137 0 137 328 surface acres 129 surface acres 3/ 2 ramps-3/ Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 99 0 99 4rampsl Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . 42 4/ 4miles 2 miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 4/ 10 miles 6 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . * z/ <1 mile 0 miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, 4/ 25 116 14 miles 8 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 141 - 202 REGION 14 RECREATION RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS TOTAL 1971 OPPORTUNITY NET OPPORTUNITY DAYS PARTICIPATION DAYS AVAILABLE (000-S OF UNITS OF RECREATION (OOO'S OF (OOO'S OF ACTIVITY DAYS) RESOURCES REQUIRED YEAR ACTIVITY ACTIVITY DAYS) ACTIVITY DAYS) DEFICIT SURPLUS CUMULATIVE INCREMENTAL Swimming (Pools) ... . . . . . . . . . 1,316 255 1,061 7,073 square yards- 21 3,353 square yards-2/ Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 888 718 170 6acres 6 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 29 221 192 0fields 0 fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 29 ill 65 tables 9 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 7 32 5fields 1 field Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315 0 315 78 holes 29 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 27 4 0courts, dbl. 0 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 598 9 589 67 courts, full 24 courts, full 2000 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 202 0 202 484 surface acres 156 surface acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW 143 0 143 5ramp,3/ I ramp 2/ Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 4/ 7miles 3 miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 4/ 16 miles 6 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . IZ/ <1 mile 0 miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, 4/ 25 191 23 miles 9 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . 216 - Note: Asterisks indicate that projected annual activity days were less than 500. I/ Includes only swimming participation occurring in swimming pools, 94 percent of the total in urban areas. _f/ Designated freshwater swimming areas may be substituted for swimming pools. When making substitutions consider total swimming participation. 51 Assumes 2.0 lanes per ramp. Reflects estimated participation occurring in park and recreation areas; does not include participation occurring outside park and recreation areas. Of the total walking, bicycling, and nature study participation it was determined that 10.5, 4.0, and 20.1 percent, respectively for each activity, occurs in park and recreation areas. 203 3: > z 0 > z Z Coll > 0 'o z z GEI MC-LLEN z 0 $ IEST IIE, . . . . . . . .... Iz o o o r.>c t REGION 16 REGIONAL DESCRIPTION: SAN ANTONIO NETROPOLITAN AREA The San Antonio Metropolitan Area consists of the city of San POPULATION Antonio and of the towns of Alamo Heights, Castle Hills, Terrell 1970 Metro Area Population: 684,265 Hills, Windcrest, Kirby, Balcones Heights, Olmos Park, and Leon Change 1960-70: +@2% Valley. San Antonio is one of the oldest and most colorful of Race Composition 1 Texas' cities. In 1691, a group of Spanish priests and soldiers White ..... 92% dedicated the site. Fearing the westward expansion of France, Negro ..... 7% New Spain determined to strengthen its hold on Texas by construct- Other ..... 1% ing a fort .and mission system from East Texas to New Spain. The Age Composition (years):l/ San Antonio settlement, midway between the line of missions, was 13 or less ..... 29% to serve as a feeder and support mission for the others. After 14 - 20 ..... 15% the French threat dissipated in the 1760's, the East Texas 21 - 44 ..... 30% missions were closed and their inhabitants relocated here. At 45 - 64 18% the peak of Spanish influence in the West, it was the most 65 and over ..... 8% important northern mission of New Spain. ECONOMY The area was wrested from the newly independent Republic of Agribusiness Mexico in 1836 by the Republic of Texas. It became the head- Business quarters for the Army of the Republic and for the Texas Rangers. Federal Government During the Civil War, it was the center of Confederate activity Manufacturing in Texas. In 1898 the Rough Riders, who saw action in the Tourism Spanish-American War, trained here. During World War I, this metr *opolitan area was a major training and recruiting center for the U. S. Army. The U. S. Air Corps was organized here in 1910. Today it is the site of one Army base, Fort Sam Houston, and four Air Force bases, Brooks, Kelly, Lackland, and Randolph. A museum dedicated to astronaut Edward H. White, II is located here in Hangar 9, the oldest aircraft hangar in the Air Force. The San Antonio Metropolitan Area is the headquarters of major research in technical, medical, and surgical fields. The Southwest Research Center is comprised of several institutes conducting naval research, bio-medical, and agri- cultural research. The Aerospace Medical Division at Brooks Air Force Base is the United States' most comprehensive military research establishment. The Surgical-Research Institute at Brooks Army Medical Center is another major research facility. Numerous 18th century Spanish missions still stand throughout the area. These include Mission Concepcion, the oldest church in Texas intact and still in use as a church, Mission San Juan Capistrano, praised for the graceful l/ Due to lack of information for some suburbs in the metropolitan area, data for the entire county was used from the 1970 census. .2/ Includes persons of Mexican and/or Spanish descent. 205 REGION 16 - Continued proportions of its chapel, Mission San Jose, the "Queen of the Missions" and noted for its Rose Window, and Mission San Francisco de la Espada, used as a church for Indians. La Villita, another major attraction in downtown San Antonio, is a replica of the village built on the same site some 200 years earlier. The Buckhorn Hall of Horns, now located at the Lone Star Brewery, contains hundreds of horns from the symbolic longhorn cattle and from a wide variety of wild game. Here, also, is the Hall of Fins with specimens of marine life. In Brackenridge Park is the famous San Antonio Zoo, the second largest in America. Two important museums are the Witte Memorial Museum and the Pioneer Memorial Building. On the grounds of Fort Sam Houston are the former headquarters of Teddy Roosevelt, John J. Pershing, and Dwight D. Eisenhower. Also of inter- est are the O'Henry House, Alligator Garden, McNay Art Institute, and the Sunken Gardens. In 1968, San Antonio sponsored the Hemisfair, which drew tourists from all parts of America and a number of foreign countries. A large complex of buildings known as Hemisfair Plaza now houses numerous shops, restaurants, museums, and exhibits of interest to tourists. Still open to the public are the Mexican-American Institute of Culture, the Institute of Texan Cultures which traces the origin and impact of immigrants in Texas, the.Tower of the Americas, the Plaza Dinner Theater with an entertainment package that includes a Broadway show and gourmet dinner, the Witte Confluence Museum, and the Lone Star Pavilion Hall of Texas History-Museum. The San Antonio River, which winds its way across the metropolitan area, has been developed into a delightful tourist attraction known as the Paseo del Rio. Heavily trafficked downtown streets form overpasses as the quiet stream flows between tree-shaded banks. Opening onto the river on both sides are a variety of shops and restaur- ants. At one bend in the river is the Arneson Theater with open-air seating for 1,000 persons. It is the setting for Fiesta Noche del Rio. Schools of higher learning include two junior colleges, St. Phillips College and San Antonio College, and five senior colleges: our Lady of the Lake College;.St. Mary's University; Trinity University; Incarnate Word College; and the University of Texas Medical School at San Antonio. Among the annual events held in San Antonio are: Ice Capades (September); Arf League Jamboree (September); River Art Show (October); San Antonio Symphony (October-May); Alsafar Shrine Circus (October); Noche De Luna (October); Los Pastores, a Christmas miracle play (December); Christmas Pilgrimage (December); Las Posadas (December); and the Sport & Boat Show (January). Others include the Junior Livestock Show - Bexar County (January), San Antonio Symphony Pops Concert (January, April, November, December), San Antonio Livestock Exposition & Rodeo (February) Southwest Gem and Mineral Show (March), Grand Opera Festival (March), Shrine Charity Horse Show'(March), Home & Hobby Show (April), Fiesta Noche Del Rio (June-August), International Film Festival (June), and Fun-Tier Nights (July). Fiesta Week, held in April, includes: The Jaycees' Food Festival; Noche Mexicana; Coronation of King Antonio XLX; Patriotic & Historical Ball; Band Concert & Retreat Review: King's River Parade; Pilgrimage to the Alamo; Flower & Fashion Shaw; "A Night in Old San Antonio;" Mariachi Festival; Battle of Flowers Band Festival; Battle of Flowers Parade; Square & Round Dance Festival; and the Fiesta Flambeau Parade (the largest night parade in America). 206 REGION 16 CITY SIZE: METRO P U B L I C L Y A D M I N I S T E,R E D R E C R E A T 1 0 N 0 P P 0 R T U N I T I E S LAND AND WATER ACREAGE ACRES REGION STATEWIDE 16 AVERAGE METRO METRO AREAS 747% Developed Land 2,107 1,307 REGION Undeveloped Land 739 536 16 METRO Total Land 2,846 1,843 26% Water Within or Adjacent 60 1,006 Total Land and Water 2,906 2,849 DEVELOPED LAND UNDEVELOPED.LAND The San Antonio Metro Area has a total of 2,846 acres of land set aside as park and recreation areas. In addition, 60 surface acres of water either within or adjacent to these parks were reported. 71% Of-the total land acreage, 2,107 acres are developed STATEWIDE with facilities, leaving 739 acres available for future AVERAGE development. With 74 percent of the land acreage METRO AREAS currently developed, the Area ia just above the State- wide Metro average of 71 percent. 29% 774/ 207 0 co H. DO :3 (Do Na, (D0 m 03 " 0 0 a'm0rt 0 0 rt 10 m PV L.n rt ID @-j 00 co (D 0 m m @d 03 93 OQ uo:1V m m 0 @-A 0 0C-<m m m m @'h CL 3c C) go "rt (D . P) rt p;-0n co w cn t-n (D Ct0 ::s rt pi 0.9 :@, 0 'd 9 olv W0" 0 0 03 0 P't fo 41 0 (D "wmH H 0 Pi r_ 41 mn0m0 (D m M f, "rT Q@ H. o CLmrt kn rt (D CO0lb '4 0PV ID go V@-h C>w H. (D003 pa n0) rt00 V rt 0a rt0Z' ()Q CL m t-t pa (D Z'M Pi rt (D CL4U) :31 Ic rt H. 'a 0 W. @r0rtm kn In I-A. rt 0 H. 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LLI w LI) o (L IL w Z C3 (n 0 CL < 0 0 0 W REGION 16 CITY SIZE: METRO PARK AND RECREATION FACILITIES BY TYPE OF PARK UNITS PER THOUSAND DISTRICT COMMUNITY SPECIALTY PEOPLE REGION STATEWIDE TYPE OF FACILITY PARK PARK PARK TOTAL PER 16 AVERAGE Games and Sports: (UNITS) (UNITS) (UNITS) UNITS UNIT METRO METRO AREAS Parks .............................. 12 22 8 42 16,292 .061 .150 Tennis Courts ...................... 27 18 6 51 13,416 .074 .142 Basketball Courts .................. 5 13 0 18 38,014 .026 .071 Baseball/Softball Fields ........... 27 20 4 51 13,416 .074 .186 Football/Soccer Fields ............. 11 6 2 19 36,013 .027 .032 Picnicking: Parks .............................. 12 11 0 23 29,750 .033 .124 Tables ............................. 479 325 0 804 851 1.175 1.230 Playground: Parks .............................. 13 23 3 39 17,545 .057 .170 Acres Developed .................... 13 14 1 28 24,438 .040 .258 Swimming: Parks .............................. 7 10 1 18 38,014 026 .050 'Pools (Sq. Yd.) .................... 6,240 7,340 800 14,380 48 21.023 25.950 Designated Fresh Water (Sq. Yd.)... 290,400 0 0 290,400 2 424.561 52.242 Boating: Parks .............................. 3 0 0 3 228,088 .004 .006 Ramp Lanes - Fresh Water ........... 1 0 0 1 684,265 .001 .008 Camping: Parks .............................. 2 0 0 2 342,132 .002 .002 Campsites .......................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .121 Fishing: Parks .............................. 4 0 0 4 171,-066 .005 .013 Pier/Barge/Marina-Fresh Water (Yd.) 15 0 0 15 45,617 .021 .049 Golfing: Courses ............................. 2 0 2 4 171,066 .005 .005 Holes .............................. 45 0 38 83 8,244 .121 .100 Trails: Parks .............................. 3 0 1 4 171,066 .005 .006 Nature (mi.) ....................... 0 0 1 1 684,265 .001 .009 Horseback (Mi.) .................... 2 0 0 2 342,132 .002 .003 Bicycle (Mi.) ....................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .007 Hiking (Mi.) ....................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .006 Total Trails (Mi.) ................. 2 0 1 3 228,088 .004 .021 210 REGION 16 PARK AND RECREATION FACILITIES BY TYPE OF PARK CITY SIZE: METRO UNITS PER THOUSAND DISTRICT COMMUNITY SPECIALTY PEOPLE REGION STATEWIDE TYPE OF FACILITY PARK PARK PARK TOTAL PER 16 AVERAGE (UNITS)_ (UNITS) (UNITS) UNITS UNIT METRO METRO AREAS Sport Shooting: Parks ............................. 1 0 0 1 684,265 @.001 .002 Traps ............................. 6 0 0 6 114,044 .008 .002 Shooting Targets .................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .004 Archery Targets ................... 18 0 0 18 38,014 .026 .011 Miscellaneous: Parks ............................. 4 9 2 15 45,617 .021 .038 Amphitheatre Seats ................ 400 0 0 400 1,710 .583 1.077 Botanical Gardens (Acres) ......... 4 0 0 4 171,066 .005 .077 Zoos (Acres) ....................... 50 0 0- 50 13,685 .073 .051 Community/Recreation Centers ...... 8 12 2 22 31,102 .032 .038 Most of the developed park and recreation facilities in the San Antonio Metro Area are in the District and Community Parks. The District Park category contains all of the parks with boating, fishing and sport shooting facilities. Two of the District Parks have camping areas available, however, no specific camping facilities were reported. Amphitheatre seats, the San Antonio Zoo and botanical gardens are also in the District Park category. Eighteen parks have swimming facilities including a designated fresh water swimming area. Eighty-three gol-f holes and twenty-two community/recreation centers were reported. Of the 78 parks, 42 have facilities for games and sports, 39 have playgrounds, 23 have picnicking facilities and 18 have swimming facilities. The most common types of games and sports facilities are baseball/softball with 51 fields and tennis with 51 courts, followed by football/soccer with 19 fields and basketball with 18 courts. Looking at selected facilities in relation to the number of potential users we find the following: 228,088 persons for each mile of trails 13,416 persons for each tennis court 38,014 persons for each basketball court 13,416 persons for each baseball/softball field 36,013 persons for ehch football/soccer field 8,244 persons for each golf hole 31,102 persons for each community/recreation center 851 persons for each picnic table 24,438 persons for each acre of playground 48 persons for each square yard of swimming pool The San Antonio Metro Area is above the Statewide Metro average for facility units per 1,000 only for designated fresh water swimming area, golf holes, shooting traps, archery targets and zoo acreage, while falling below the average for tennis courts, basketball courts, baseball/softball fields, football/soccer fields, picnic tables, playground acres, square yards of swimming pool, boat ramp lanes, yards of fishing pier/barge/marina, trail miles, amphith -eatre seats, acres of botanical gardens and community/recreation centers. No campsites or shooting targets were reported. 211 REGION 16 CONVERSION OF FACILITIES TO RECREATION OPPORTUNITY DAYS CITY SIZE: METRO Current opportunity days for 1971 were calculated by multiplying the n'mber of facilities available for each activity in the metro area (determined from t.he Texas Outdoor Recreation Inventory of Parks, Recreation Areas, and Facilities) times@ the standard for. the facility. DAYS PER THOUSAND POPULATION ANNUAL REGION STATEWIDE DAYS 16 AVERAGE ACTIVITY-FACILITY AVAILABLE METRO METRO Swimming (Pools) - square yards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,157,000 3,154 3,891 Child's Play - playground acres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 773,444 1,131 7,137 Baseball/Softball - fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 704,004 1,029 2,577 Picnicking tables . . . I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,368,408 2,001 2,093 Football/Soccer - fields . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . 137,257 201 235 Golf - holes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 335,901 491 414 Tennis - courts, double . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137,394 201 384 Basketb@all - courts, full . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158,310 231 625 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW surface acres . . . . . . 25,029 37 2,962 Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW boat ramps . . . . . . . 13,486 120 103 Trail Activities: Combined Walking, Bicycling, and Nature Study - miles . . . . 8,464 12 164 The San Antonio Metro Area offers the most opportunity days for swimming (in pools),f'ollowed by picnicking, child's play and baseball /softball. A comparison between the opportunity days per thousand population for the San Antonio Metro Area and the Statewide Metro average shows that the San Antonio Metro Area surpasses 'the statewide average for one of the activity types-- golf. The San Antonio Metro Area is below the Statewide Metro average for all of the other types of facilities. 212 REGION 16 ESTIMATED CURRENT AND FUTURE PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METRO The third ranking metro area, based on population, San Antonio ranked third in total participation for the year 1970. Estimates for 1970 indicate that residents and non-residents in the area spent over 34.2 million recreation days in pursuit of urban outdoor recreation opportunities available within the metro area. Resident Total days of participation in urban outdoor recreation activities by the residents of the San Antonio Metropolitan Area for the 16 activities shown were estimated to be 26.0 million days in 1970. Total participation is expected to increase to 33.3 million days in 1975.and to 41.1 million days in 1980. These projections represent increases of 28.1 percent by 1975-and 58.1 percent by 1980. Participation on a days per household basis is projected to increase from 128.4 days in 1970 to 146.6 days in 1975, and to 162.8 days in 1980--increases of 14.3 and 26.8 percent, respectively, over the 1970 level. Residents of the San Antonio Metropolitan Area are expected to participate at a rate of 5 days per hou.sehold above the statewide average for the other Texas metropolitan areas in 1970; however, their participation will drop below the average by 15 and 40 days per household by 1975 and 1980, respectively. For the more distant years of 1990 and 2000 both total days of participation and days per household are expected to increase, but will remain below the statewide average-for all metropolitan areas. Projec'tions for specific activities indicate that each of the 16 activities will increase in total days of participa- tion through the years 1975 and 1980. Participation on a days per household basis is expected to increase in 13 acti- vities by 1980, while walking will remain constant and picnicking and football will decline slightly. In 1970 the six most popular activities based on total participation were estimated to be: swimming, driving for pleasure, walking, child's play, picnicking, and sightseeing. By 1975, the six mo 'st popular activities will rank as follows: swimming, driving for pleasure, child's play, walking, pi:cnicking, and sightseeing. Total'participation in 1980 will produce the following changes in rank: swimming, child's play, driving for pleasure, walking, tennis, and picnicking. Non-Resident When considering pa rticipation in urban outdoor recreation activities in 1970, a total of 8,151,000 days of participa- tion, according to the projections, was recorded by non-residents in the San Antonio Metropolitan Area. Compared to the 1970 level, total participation is expected to increase 11.4 percent, to 9,081,000 days by 1975, and 22.8 percent, to 10,008,000 days by 1980. This trend of increased participation is expected to continue through the years 1990 and 2000. The estimates for 1970 indicate that the top six ranked activities, in order of popularity, were sightseeing, swimming, driving for pleasure, picnicking, walking, and child's play, with totals of 5,004,000, 813,000, 757,000, 540,000, 517,000, and 299,000 days, respectively. It is anticipated'that all 13 activities will increase in participation, and no changes in the order of popularity are anticipated through the year 2000. 213 REGION 16 CURRENT AND PROJECTED RESIDENT PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: NETROS (OOO'S OF ANNUAL ACTIVITY DAYS) 1970 1975 1980 1990 2000 STATE- STATE- STATE- STATE- STATE- REG.16 WIDE REG,16 WIDE REG.16 WIDE REG. 16 WIDE REG. 16 WIDE METROS METROS @ETROS 14ETROS @ETROS METROS NETROS METROS NETROS METROS PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART, AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE ACTIVITY DAYS RANK DAYS/HH DAYS/HH DAYS RANK DAYS/HH DAYS/HH DAYS RANK DAYS/ DAYS/HH DAYS RANK DAYS/HH DAYS/HH DAYS RANK DAYS/HH DAYS/HH Swinming 5,677 1 28.04 27.41 8,317 1 36.65 36.52 11,390 1 45.11 47.17 20,890 1 69.29. 75.28 33,300 1 95.93 110.14 Child's Play 2,917 4 .14.41 14.08 4,214 3 18.57 17.72 5,798 2 22.97 22.00 10,280 2 34.10 32.20 16,180 2 46.61 43.99 Baseball/Softball 1,349 8 6.66 2.78 1,703 9 7.50 3.19 2,061 8 8.16 3.59 2,965 7 9.83 4.41 3,905 6 11.25 5.22 Picnicking 2,167 5 10.70 5.72 2,372 5 10.45 5.66 2,540 6 10.06 5.66 3,046 6 10.10 5.61 3,484 8 10.04 5.64 Football/Soccer 342 12 1.69 1.43 365 12 1.61 1.42 381 13 1.51 1.41 1 433 13 1.44 1.39 469 15 1.35 1.38 Golf 550 10 2.72 3.92 780 10 3.44 4.98 1,045 10 4.14 6.16 1,763 10 5.85 8.96 2,625 10 7.56 12.07 Tennis 1,293 9 6.39 6.06 2,052 7 9.04 9.21 2,582 5 10.23 11.49 3,674 5 12.19 16.'07 4,969 5 14.31 21.46 Basketball 81 15 .40 1.60 149 14 .66 2.59 230 14 .91 3.57 428 14 1.42 5.52' 670 13 1.93 7.53 Walking 3,498 3 17.28 18.21 3,920 4 17.27 23.09 4,362 4 17.28 29.20 5,209 4 17.28 39.89 5,997 4 17.28 50.31 Bicycling 1,572 7 7.77 20.30 1,775 8 7.82 32.77 1,990 9 7.88 45.25 2,413 9 -8.00 68.44 2,820 9 8.12 95.49 Nature Study 60 16 .30 .72 73 16 .32 1.67 88 16 .35 2.64 120 16 .40 4.63 156 16 .45 6.70 Fishing 363 11 1.79 1.80 427 11 1.88 1.88 496 12 1.96 1.97 644 12 2.14 2.13 800 12 2.30 2.30 Boating 178 13 .88 .88 362 13 1.60 1.60 583 11 2.31 2.31 1,128 11 3.74 3.74 1,795 11 5.17 5.17 Skiing 85 14 .42 .42 140 15 .62 .62 207 15 .82 .82 368 15 1.22 1.22 562 14 1.62 1.81 Surfing --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- Sightseeing 1,785 6 8.82 2.25 2,056 6 9.06 2.34 2,313 7 9.16 2.50 2,901 8 9.62 2.70 3,520 7 10.14 3.01 Dr. for Pleas. 4,082 2 20*16 13.38 4,573 2 20m15 13.52 5,033 3 l9o94 13.67 6,105 3 20v25 13.86 7,067 3 20v36 14.10 TOTAL 25,999 128.43 120.96 33,278 146.64 158.78 41,099 162.79 199.41 62,367 206.87 286.05 88,319 254.42 386.32 CURRENT AND PROJECTED NON-RESIDENT PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 TOTAL CURRENT AND PROJECTED PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 (OOOIS OF ANNUAL ACTIVITY DAYS) (OOO'S OF ANNUAL ACTIVITY DAYS) ACTIVITY ---- - - 1970 1990 2000 ACTIVITY 1970 1975 __1980 1990 2000 Swiming 813 905 998 1,191 1,364 SwiTmning 6,490 9,222 12''388 22,081 34,664 Child's Play 299 333 367 438 502 Mild's Play 3,216 4,547 6,165 10,718 16,682 Baseball/Softball 4 5 5 6 7 Baseball/Softball 1,353 1,708 2,066 2,971 3,912 Picnicking 540 601 663 791 906 Picnicking 2,707 2,973 3,203 3,837 4,390 Football/Soccer 31 35 39 46 53 Football/Soccer 373 400 420 479 522 Golf 52 58 64 77 88 Golf 602 838 1,109 1,840 2,713 Tennis 1 1 1 1 1 Tennis 1,294 2,053 2,583 3,675 4,970 Basketball 1 2 2 2 2 Basketball 82 151 232 430 672 Walking 517 576 634 758 867 Walking 4,015 4,496 4,996 5,967 6,864 Bicycling 3 3 3 4 4 Bicycling 1,575 1,778 1,993 2,417 2,824 Nature Study 48 54 59 71 81 Nature Study 108 127 147 191 237 Fishing 40 44 49 58 67 Fishing 403 471 545 702 867 Boating 41 45 50 60 68 Boating 219 407 633 1,188 1,863 Skiing Skiing 85 140 207 368 562 Surfing --- --- --- --- --- Surfing --- --- --- Sightseeing 5,004 5,575 6,144 7,335 8,399 Sightseeing 6,789 7,631 8,457 10,236 11,919 Dr. for Pleas. 757 844 930 1,110 1,271 Dr. for Pleas. 4,839 5,417 5,963 7,215 8,338 TOTAL 8,151 9,081 10,008 11,948 13,680 TOTAL 34,150 42,359 51,107 74,315 101,999 Note: Asterisks indicate that projected annual activity days were less than 500. Dashes indicate not applicable. Zeros indicate that the activity was not ranked due to insignificant participation days recorded. 214 REGION 16 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 Estimates of urban outdoor recreation resource requirements were developed for the San Antonio Metropolitan Area for the 'years 1970, 1975, 1980, 1990, and 2000 by comparing current-1/ and projected recreation participation with the cur- rent recreation opportunities2/ available in the metro. In addition, the availability and spatial distribution of re- creation opportunities provided by parks and recreation 'facilities were analyzed with respect to subsections of the metro area characterized by residents having similar incomes and ethnic backgrounds. Particular attention was given to those subsections expected to undergo relatively rapid population growth and physical expansion in the future. Conclusions reached from analyzing the distribution of recreation opportunities within the metropolitan area were used to qualify resource requirement estimates where a less than adequate distribution appeared to exist. In the discussions that follow, results of the distribution analysis of parks within subsections of the San Antonio Metro Area are presented. Then, estimates of current and future requirements for selected recreation facilities are presented for the metropolitan area, and qualified by conclusions reached from the distribution analysis of recreation facilities within subsections of the San Antonio Metro Area. PARK DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS The accessibility of a park to the people who use it determines to a significant extent the frequency and length of time that recreationists will participate in the activities provided at that park. The distribution of parks among the people of any municipality determines the extent to which parks are accessible to recreationists. In analyzing the distribution and availability of parks to people in the San Antonio Metro, several characteristics were considered: changes in population (or trends in general, 1960 to 1970), areas of the metro which exhibited the strongest growth tendencies, and the dispersion of existing parks among subsections characterized by residents of different incomes and ethnic backgrounds. From these interrelated characteristics certain conclusions have been reached with specific inferences drawn to requirements for additional parks. Population growth directly affects recreation participation, which affects the amount of resources required. Projections for San Antonio indicate that the 1970 metro population of 684,265 will increase over 75 percent by the year 2000. In 1971 planners indicated that the metro was likely to expand toward the northwest, the northeast, (along Interstate 35), and the east. These patterns are indicated by arrows on the map, titled "Predominant Ethnic Background and Income Sub- sections." I/ "Current" participation refers to levels of participation by type of selected recreation activity which were estimated for the year 1970. 2/ "Current" recreation opportunities refers to computed figures derived from the numbers of publicly-administered faci- lities by type available within the metro area in 1971. 215 REGION 16 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 This same map shows fifteen income/ethnic subsections, as delineated by planners in 1971. A brief analysis of this map is presented beginning with low-income areas. Low-income households tended to be located in central, western, and some parts of southern San Antonio. The area adja- cent to the central business district was occupied mainly by low-income Anglos. Immediately east of this area was a subsection made up largely of low-income Blacks, with a relatively small Mexican-American neighborhood situated along Interstate 10 (near Coliseum Road). A large portion of western and southwestern San Antonio was comprised of predomi- nantly low-income Mexican-Americans, with smaller subsections of low-income Anglos and Mexican-Americans in southeastern San Antonio (near the USAF Aerospace Medical Center). Almost the entire northern half of the metro, which included the contiguous urban areas of Alamo Heights, Balcones Heights, Castle Hills, Olmos Park, and Terrell Hills, was made up of predominantly middle-income Anglos. Southwestern and south central San Antonio also had large concentrations of middle-income Anglos, as well as middle-income Mexican- Americans. A large middle-income Black subsectionwas situated on the eastern edge of the metro. The only high-income Anglo area reported was in northeast San Antonio. The "Dispersion of Parks by Type" map shows the geographic distribution of parks as of 1971. The only subsection which had no parks at all was the low-income Mexican-American neighborhood near the USAF Medical Center in southeast San Antonio. Also, the small low-income'Mexican-American area situated along Interstate 10 (near Coliseum Road) in east central San Antonio had two parks located on the fringe of the subsection. Perhaps even more germane than the general lack of parks in these two small subsections is the fact that large areas of north and northwest San Antonio had no public parks. The contiguous urban areas of Balcones Heights, Castle Hills, Olmos Park, Terrell Hills, Kirby, and Windcrest (most of which were middle-income Anglo areas in the northern portion of the metro) reported no public parks. With one exception,. district parks, the large parks with facilities for at least two major urban activities, were absent from that part of the metro north of Trinity University (near Olmos Park, on the accompanying map). Community and specialty parks appear to have been well distributed, but somewhat infrequent, in view of the heavy concentrations of population in most parts of the metro. The few open land parks tended to be clustered in central San Antonio; most other parts of the metro had few or none. In addition to achieving an adequate dispersion of parks in all portions of the metro area, the provision of different types of recreational facilities in parks is also an important consideration. An analysis of the current and future requirements for selected recreational facilities and the current dispersion of facilities in the San Antonio Metro is presented in'the following discussions. 216 0 0 W a N LC (a C Q CL 04 0 c < 6 cc CD 0 cc LU 6 W" > z @o c (>P w Z C 0 1-1 :) u U) 13L En 7 z 0 Lo D .0 ou) < -0 W 0 amc ul cc < LL LL Cl) X. Cc uj ir z Co 0 U: 0 o 0 LU U: < 0 z Q co < < z I 0 < 0 0 < 0 < LL z 1. z cl LU zu u 6 w >: .- F, () J uj T, Is 5 M _j < 12 LU D '. < < D ZD 'o z 0 < 4Z ow 'o 4z cc oj z z v 0 .1 zo Z;i > u I -oz. 0 4 x < a I 0:j -< U>Z z UJ z z z ol < 0 U, om 0 10 -.@z 0 -1 z !<' z z z 042 C.) 0 z z Z. z z 4 < It -0 < < < z U - - - u;t 0 Z 2 < m M M 2 -i-. 0 4 C) Z 2 2 m ii 24 0 4 20 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 a 0 a, > 0 a z u 0 LU a x Z@ 2, co Z Z 2. 0 w cc 0 - 0 z SOME Z Ean '000 El z 3: REGION 16 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 FACILITY REQUIREMENTS AND DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS Cumulative and incremental requirements for selected recreational facilities, as shown in the following table, were analyzed in this section with emphasis placed on overall metropolitan area facility needs. Then, an evaluation of the dispersion of existing facilities among the predominant income/ethnic subsections and the growth areas of the metro was conducted. When overall metro requirements for a selected facility type were not shown in the calculations, but observ- able concentrations of facilities left some subsections with a potentially inadequate number of facilities, mention was made of the need to consider the under-supplied subsections more strongly. Usually, special note is made where growth areas appeared to have limited facilities. An example of the methodology used to calculate facility requirements in general was explained in Appendix C, Part I--An Overview of the urban volume. Resource requirements for recreational facilities are generally referred to by units of the most important feature nec- essary to allow participation. For example, when a requirement is shown for swimming facilities, most persons would correctly assume that there is a need for additional swimming pools, often not realizing that a bathhouse, cleaning and filtering system, and other ancillary or supporting features are required to make the facility useable. These support features are implied as part of the requirement expressed below when a requirement for the major facility is shown. Swimming In 1971 the San Antonio Metro Area had 14,380 square yards of public swimming pools. Each square yard (unit) was esti- mated to provide 150 days of swimming opportunity per year, which yielded an estimated 2,157,000 opportunity days. Par- ticipation days were then compared to opportunity days to determine if there was a surplus or deficit. In 1970 it was estimated that 26,293 square yards of pools were required. In 1975 an additional 17,120 square yards should be required, and an additional 19,840 by 1980, bringing the 1980 cumulative requirement to 63,253 square yards of pools. Estimated incremental requirements of 60,740 square yards in 1990, and 78,854 square yards in 2000 will bring the cumulative re- quirement for all projection years to 202,847 square yards of swimming pools. It appears that most of the swimming facil ities were concentrated in certain areas of the southern half of the metro. Large areas of the north side composed chiefly of middle-income Anglo households were without public swimming faciT lities. Of the contiguous urban areas within the San Antonio Metropolitan Area, only three, Leon Valley, Alamo Heights, and Windcrest had swimming facilities, while Castle Hills, Balcones Heights, Olmos Park, Terrell Hills and Kirby had none. This may indicate that additional swimming pool facilities were needed throughout the entire northern half of the metro, especially since large portions of the northside were expected to expand. fn addition, the eastern and western edges of the metropolitan area, composed chiefly of middle-income Blacks and Anglos and low-income Mexican-Americans, and certain portions of the southern half of the metro appeared to be in need of additional swimming facilities. 218 REGION 16 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 Child's Play Twenty-eight acres of public playground existed in 1971 in the San Antonio Metropolitan Area. The standard of 27,623 opportunity days per acre of playground per year multiplied by the twenty-eight acres given a total of 773,000 oppor- tunity days available within the metro area. Comparing this total with projected participation for each year revealed that deficits existed for all years. Incremental requirements for playground acres amounted to 88 acres, 49 acres, and 58 acres for the years 1970, 1975, and 1980, for a cumulative requirement of 195 acres by 1980. Total requirements are expected to amount to 360 acres by 1990 and 576 acres by the year 2000. W-ithin the central core of the metro area, playground distribution appeared to be adequate; however, need for playgrounds may have existed in the southeastern and southwestern corners of the metro and in most of the entire northern half of the metro area. These areas were made up chiefly of low and middle-income Mexican-Americans and Anglos. In addition to these subsections, the fringe areas completely surrounding the metro appeared to be lacking in playground 'facilities. Of the eight contiguous urban areas in the San Antonio Metro only one, Alamo Heights, had playground facilities. Con- .sideration should be given to developing a more even dispersion of these facilities. Baseball/Softball The existing fifty-one baseball/softball fields provided an estimated 704,000 opportunity days per year, given a standard of 13,804 days per field per year. Comparing the total opportunity days with projected participation for 1970, 1975, 1980, 1990, and 2000 reveals that the cumulative requirements amount to an estimated 47 fields in 1970, 73 fields by 1975, and 99 fields by 1980. The continued growth of participation in this activity showed that approximately another 65 fields would be required by 1990, and an additional 68 fields by 2000 for a cumulative requirement of 232 fields by the year 2000. Castle Hills, Balcones Heights, Kirby, Olmos Park, Terrell Hills, and Windcrest reported no baseball fields in 1971. In the remainder of the San Antonio Metro, it appeared that an inadequate dispersion of faciliti,es existed in some of the southwestern subsections of the city as well as the northwestern, northern, and northeastern subsections. These sub- sections were-comprised mainly of low and middle-income Mexican-Americans and middle-income Anglos; therefore, it appears that consideration should be given to these areas for future development of baseball fields. Picnicking A total of 804 public picnic-tables were reported in the San Antonio Metro in 1971. With a standard of 1,702 oppor- tunity days of picnicking per table per year, the existing tables should provide 1,368,000 days annually. A compari- son of the opportunity days with participation days indicates requirements for picnic tables f6r each projection year. For 1970 and 1975 the cumulative requirements for picnic tables amounted to 787 and 943 tables , respectively. It is expected that another 135 tables should be added between 1975 and 1980 for a cumulative total of 1,078 tables by 1980. Cumulative requirements for 1990 and 2000 are projected to increase to 1,451 and 1,776 tables, respectively. 219 REGION 16 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 Most areas of the metro appeared to be lacking an adequate supply of picnic tables, although the deficiency appeared to be more serious in some areas, such as the faster-growing northern subsections, inhabited mostly by middle-income Anglos, and certain parts of the southern subsections, inhabited chiefly by low and middle-income Mexican-Americans and Anglos. Also, none of the eight contiguous areas had public picnic tables. As facilities are added, it is important that an .adequate distribution be achieved. Football/Soccer Metropolitan area residents had nineteen public football/soccer fields available for their use in 1971. With a standard of 7,224 days per field per year, these fields provided about 137,000 days of opportunity annually. In 1970 the addi- tion of thirty-three fields was necessary to meet projected demand. It was estimated that the cumulative requirements for football/soccer will amount to 36 fields by 1975 and 39 fields by 1980. Incremental requirements of eight fields and six fields will bring the cumulative.requirements for the years 1990 and 2000 to 47 and 53, respectively. Subsections of the metro which appeared to have especially serious inadequacies relative to football/soccer fields in- cluded those in the northeastern, the northern, the northwestern portions, and certain ones in the southwest portion of the metro. These areas were inhabited mainly by low and middle-income Mexican-Americans and Anglos. Golf In 1971 there were four publicly administered golf courses, and they provided a combined total of eighty-three holes. With a facility standard of 4,407 days of opportunity per year per hole, these four courses provided about 336,000 opportunity days of golf annually. A comparison of the estimated opportunity days with projected participation days indicated that sixty-six additional holes of golf were needed in 1970, with another fifty-eight needed by 1975, bringing the cumulative requirement to 124 holes for 1975. Between 1975 and 1980, another 67 holes should be added, bringing the cumulative requirement to 191 holes by 1980. Between 1980 and 1990, another 181 holes should be added and another 215 between 1990 and 2000. This brings the cumulative requirement to 587 holes of golf by the year 2000. Assuming nine holes or eighteen holes per.course, this amounts to approximately 65 nine-hole courses, or 32 eighteen-hole courses with an additional nine-hole course, or some other appropriate combination which considers local resources. All four existing courses reported in 1971 were located in middle-income Anglo neighborhoods. Consequently, in the development of additional publicly administered golf courses, consideration should be given to making the courses as accessible as practical, particularly with respect to the southern and the rapidly expanding northern subsections of the metro area. Tennis In 1971 the San Antonio Metro Area had fifty-one publicly administered tennis courts of which four were located in Alamo Heights. Multiplying the standard of 2,694 days per court per year by the total number of courts gives a product of 137,000 opportunity days which were available within the metro area. A comparison of these opportunities with estimated 220 REGION 16 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 2 0 0 0 participation for each projection year revealed a cumulative requirement of 429 additional tennis courts in 1970, 711 tennis courts in 1975, and 908 courts by 1980. The requirement for tennis courts should continue to increase as parti- cipation continues to rise. Between 1980 and 1990 an additional 405 courts should be added. By 2000 an additional 481 courts should be built for a cumulative requirement of 1,794 for the thirty-year period. In 1971, the most pressing requirement for tennis courts appears to have been in the expanding north and east sides of the metropolitan area as well as in some subsections on the south side. In view of the metro areas' rapid growth and large expected requirements for tennis courts, careful consideration should be given to maintaining an adequate dis-, tribution of facilities.. Basketball The urban basketball standard of 8,795 days per basketball court per year multiplied by the eighteen existing courts gives a total of 158,000 opportunity days of basketball which were available in 1971. A comparis on of opportunity days to participation days indicated that there should be no immediate requirements for basketball courts. Between 1975 and l980, eight courts should be added. A total of twenty-three courts should be added between 1980 and 1990 for a cumula- tive total of thirty-one. 'In addition to these, twenty-seven more should be added by 2000, bringing the cumulative requirement to fifty-eight courts for the thirty year period. Of the eight contiguous urban areas, only Alamo Heights had basketball facilities in 1971. When providing additional basketball courts, consideration should be given to maintaining an adequate dispersion of facilities, particularly in the faster growing areas, and areas where no facilities are available. Trails Activities In 1971 only one mile of trail was reported in the San Antonio Metro Area. (Although the total acutally amounted to three miles, two of these were horseback riding trail miles. Because resource requirements were not computed for urban horseback riding trails and because these two miles in the San Antonio Metro Area were not designated for other types of trail usage, they were excluded from the computation of opportunity days.) The combined trail standard of 8,464 days per combined walking, bicycling, and nature study trail multiplied times one mile of trail thus gives 8,464 oppor- tunity days for the Region 16 metro area. In 1970 it-was estimated that a requirement existed for approximately fifty- nine miles of combined walking, bicycling, and nature study trails. (In the table the total is also broken down by individual trail activity type.) For 1975 it was estimated that the requirement amounted to sixty-six miles. Another eight miles should be added between 1975 an 'd 1980 for a 1980 cumulative requirement of seventy-four miles; Additions of fifteen miles by 1990 and fourteen miles by 2000 will bring the cumulative requirements to eighty-nine miles and 103 miles, respectively, if participation levels are to be met. 221 REGION 16 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 A relatively small proportion of the total participation in trail and related activities was estimated to take place in publicly administered park and recreation areas. It is likely, however, that as additional trail facilities are pro- vided, the relative proportion of total participation will increase at these recreation areas. Thus, the above esti- mates of additional resources required may be conservative in the long run and should be considered as minimum esti- mates. In addition to the expectations for increases in participation in.trail and related activities at publicly administered park and recreation areas, it is clear that the major proportion of walking, bicycling, and nature study is occurring in places other than established recreation areas. The majority of this participation is most likely taking place in local neighborhoods, on city streets, and on available open lands within the area. This phenomenon has direct policy implications with respect to the provision of sidewalks within currently existing and newly developing neighborhoods, the development of a system of bike lanes in high use areas, and the provision of adequate open space and green belt areas within the metro area. Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing Surface Acres - Freshwater Lakes (Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing) Sixty surface acres of freshwater lakes were located within the San Antonio Metro Area in 1971. Because of the limited freshwater available for skiing, no participation was reported in the Texas Outdoor Recreation Household Demand Survey. Using participation patterns of households recreating in the urban areas, it was estimated that boating would have totaled 219,000 days, boat fishing 85,000 days, and skiing 85,000 days for a total of 389,000 days in 1970, if-adequate freshwater lakes had been available. A comparison of estimated participation with the opportunities provided by the surface acres existing in 1971 indicated that incremental resource requirements should expand from an additional 873 acres needed in 1970 to 616 acres in 1975, 740 acres in 1980, 1,796 acres in 1990, and 2,167 acres in the year 2000. This brings the cumulative resource requirement to an additional 6,192 surface acres by the year 2000. Freshwater Boat Rampsl/ One publicly administered freshwater boat lane was reported for the San Antonio Metro Area in 1971. By estimating the 1970 total freshwater boat fishing, skiing, and boating participation which would have occurred using freshwater boat ramp facilities to gain access to the water' it was calculated that ten boat ramps were needed in 1970. Projected increases in freshwater boat fishing, skiing, and boating participation are expected to require seven additional fresh- water boat ramps in 1975, eight in 1980, nineteen in 1990, and twenty-three in the year 2000, bringing the cumulative I/ In.calculating freshwater boat ramp resource requirements the assumption was made that each boat ramp has two lanes. Supply figures listed in the "Park and Recreation Facilities by Type of Park" table and quoted in the narratives are in terms of single lanes. 222 REGION 16 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: NETROS 1 9 7 0 2 0 0 0 resource requirement to sixty-seven ramps in 2000. Since boat ramps are the most frequently used means by which boaters, skiers, and boat fishermen gain access to freshwater lakes, the provision of freshwater surface acres and freshwater boat ramps required should be planned as joint projects, even though, in some cases, this may require the construction of boat ramps prior to the years reflected in the boat ramp resource requirement projections. Summary of Facilities Requirements It was found that resource requirements existed in the San Antonio Metro Area for each and every planning year for all types of recreational facilities except basketball courts; and even for this facility, resource requirements appeared by 1980. it was found consistently that a requirement for parks and most-types of recreational facilities appeared to exist in much of the northern half of the San Antonio Metro Area, especially in the faster growing areas, which include the west, northwest, and northeast sectors. These areas were populated chiefly by middle-income Anglo households. Certain areas of the south side also seemed to consistently show requirements for parks and facilities. These areas are inhabited mainly by low and middle-income Mexican-Americans and Anglos. It, therefore, appears that consideration should be given to equalizing dispersion in the future development of recreational facilities within these general areas of the metro. Another poin@ that surfaces repeatedly was the lack of parks and recreational facilities in the contiguous 'urban areas. With the exception of Alamo Heights, these areas had minimal or no facilities for recreation; and, consequently, must rely on San Antonio's parks and facilities. Moreover, most of them had become completely enveloped by the growth of San Antonio; hence, no further expansion of their boundaries appeared possible. With regard to water-oriented recreation, San Antonio did have a minimal amount of surface acres of lakes in 1971, but was determined to be inadequate to satisfy a rapidly increasing demand over the next thirty years. Also, the analysis pointed out the critical need for a considerable number of additional boat ramps, if additional water resources can be developed. 223 REGION 16 RECREATION RESOURCE REQUIRIMENTS, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: HETROS TOTAL 1971 OPPORTUNITY NET OPPORTUNITY DAYS PARTICIPATION DAYS AVAILABLE (OOO'S OF UNITS OF RECREATION (OOO'S OF (000-S OF ACTIVITY DAYS) RESOURCES REQUIRED YEAR ACTIVITY ACTIVITY DAYS) ACTIVITY DAYS DEFICIT SURPLUS CUMULATIVE INCRI24ENTAL Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 6,101 l/ 2,157 3,944 26,293 square yards-21 26,293 square yardJ1 Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 3,216 773 2,443 88 acres 88 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 1,353 704 649 47 fields 47 fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,707 1,368 1,339 787 tables 787 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 373 137 236 33 fields 33 fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 602 336 266 66 holes 66 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,294 137 1,157 429 courts, dbl. 429 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 158 76 0courts, full 0courts, full 1970 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 389 25 364 873 surface acres 873 surfacacres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 293 13 280 10 ramps=3, 10 ramps3 Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422 4/ 49 miles 49 miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 41 7miles 7miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 4/ 3miles 3miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, 4/ 8 499 59 miles 59 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 507 - ACTIVITY Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 8,669 2,157 6,512 43,413 square yards-2/ 17,120 square yards-2/ Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 4,547 773 3,774 137 acres 49 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 1,708 704 1,004 73 fields 26 fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,973 1,368 1,605 943 tables 156 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 400 137 263 36 fields 3fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 838 336 502 124 holes 58 holes Tennis . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . 2,053 137 1,916 711 courts, dbl. 282 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 158 7 0courts, full 0courts, full 1975 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 646 25 621 1,489 surfa�7 acres 616 surfac7 acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FIAT . . . 472 13 459 17 ramps- 7ramps-3 Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . 472 4/ 55 miles 6miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71 8miles 1mile Nature Study . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 26 3miles 0miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 569 4/ 8 561 66 miles 7miles 224 REGION 16 RECREATION RESOURCE REQUIRM4ENTS, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS TOTAL 1971 OPPORTUNITY NET OPPORTUNITY DAYS PARTICIPATION DAYS AVAILABLE (OOO'S OF UNITS OF RECREATION (OOO'S OF (OOO'S OF ACTIVITY DAYS) RESOURCES REQUIRED YEAR ACTIVITY ACTIVITY DAYS) ACTIVITY P YJS DEFICIT SURPLUS CUMULATIVE INCREMENTAL L Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 11,645 2,157 9,488 63,253 square yardsV 19,840 square yards-21 Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 6,165 773 5,392 195 acres 58 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 2,066 704 1,362 99 fields 26 fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,203 1,368 1,835 1,078 tables 135 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 420 137 283 39 fields 3 fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,109 336 773 191 holes 67 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,583 137 2,446 908 courts, dbl. 197 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232 158 74 8courts, full 8 courts, full 1980 Water-Related Activities; Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 955 25 930 2,229 surfa3c7 acres 740 surfac acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 686 13 673 32 25 ramps- 8 ramps@ Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525 61 miles 6 miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 9miles 1 mile Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 4miles I mile Combined Walking, Bicycling, Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 635 4/ 8 627 74 miles 8 miles ACTIVITY Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 20,756 L/ 2,157 18,599 123,993 square yardsV 60,740 square yardsV Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 10,718 773 9,945 360 acres 165 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 2,971 704 2,267 164 fields 65 fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,837 1,368 2,469 1,451 tables 373 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . .. 479 137 342 47 fields 8 fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,840 336 1,504 372 holes 181 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,675 137 3,538 1,313 courts, dbl. 405 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430 158 272 31 courts, full 23 courts, full 1990 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 1,704 25 1,679 4,025 surfa57 acres 1,796 surfaS7 acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 1,205 13 1,192 44 ramps- 19 ramps- Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 627 4/ 73 miles 12 miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 97 4/ 11 miles 2 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 4/ 5miles I mile Combined Walking, Bicycling, 4/ Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 762 - 8 754 89 miles 15 miles 225 REGION 16 RECREATION RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS TOTAL 1971 OPPORTUNITY NET OPPORTUNITY DAYS PARTICIPATION DAYS AVAILABLE (OOO'S OF UNITS OF RECREATION (0001S or (OOO'S OF ACTIVITY DAYS) RESOURCES REQUIRED YEAR ACTIVITY ACTIVITY DAYS) ACTIVITY DAYS) DEFICIT SURPLUS CUMULATIVE INCREMENTAL Swimming (Pools) ... . . . . . . . . . 32,58-4 l/ 2,157 30,427 202,847 square yards-2 78,854 square yards-2 Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 16,682 773 15,909 576 acres 216 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 3,912 704 3,208 232 fields 68 fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,390 1,368 3,022 1,776 tables 315 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . @ 522 137 385 53 fields 6fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,713 336 2,377 587 holes 215 holes Tennis 4,970 137 4,833 1,794 courts, dbl. 481 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 672 158 514 58 courts, full 27 courts, full 2000 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW 2,608 25 2,583 6,192 surfac acres 2,167 surface acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW 1,829 13 1,816 67 rampsP 23 ramps-3/ Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7211 4/ 84 miles 11 miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . 4/ 13 miles 2miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 6 miles 1mile Combined Walking, Bicycling, 4/ 874 103 miles 14 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 882- 8 l/ Includes only swimming participation occurring in swimming pools, 94 percent of the total in urban areas. @/ Designated freshwater swiTmning areas may be substituted for swimming pools. When making substitutions consider total swimming participation. Assumes 2.0 lanes per ramp. Reflects estimated participation occurring in park and recreation areas; does n-1 include participation occurring outside park and recreation areas. Of the total walking, bicycling, and nature study participation it was determined that 10.5, 4.0, and 20.1 percent, respectively for each activity, occurs in park and recreation areas. 226 C4 C14 0 z 0 Ld z XW IL iz -C . . ..... . ...... MA momm REGION 17 REGIONAL DESCRIPTION: SAN ANGELO METROPOLITAN AREA "Over the River," known now as San Angelo, began as a trading POPULATION post established by Bar Dewitt for Fort Concho. A stage route 1970 Metro Area Population: 63,884 and two major cattle trails once passed through the town. Today, Change 1960-70: +9% San Angelo is known as the "Trading Post of the Southwest." Race Composition White ..... 9 47@ l/ This metropolitan area is the largest raw wool market in the Negro ..... 5% United States, as 40 percent of the nation's sheep and wool and Other ..... .1% 90 percent of the goats and mohair are produced in its trade area. Age Composition (years): In keeping with its title of "Wool Capital of the World," San 13 or less ..... 25% Angelo hosts the Miss Wool of America Pageant annually in June. 14 - 20 ..... 14% 21 - 44 ..... 307. Educational facilities include Angelo State University and the 45 - 64 ..... 20% world-renowned San Angelo Central High School. The high school's 65 and over ..... 11% notoriety stems from the campus type plant and adjustable class- room space, a new concept in education at that level. ECONOMY Agribusiness Goodfellow Air Force Base, a security training installation, is Industry also located here. Culture is represented by the Angelo State University Entertainment Series, the San Angelo Symphony Orchestra, the Helen King Kendall Memorial Art Gallery, the Annual Art Club Show, and the Angelo State University Youth Symphony. In March the San Angelo Fat Stock Show and Rodeo is held. There are several interesting facts about the area. San Angelo's metropolitan center, which encompasses 'entertainment, shopping, medical facilities, and recreation serves an area as large as the State of Ohio. Also, the State Health Department has classified San Angelo as one of the most air pollution-free cities in the state. 1/ Includes persons of Mexican and/or Spanish descent. 228 REGION 17 CITY SIZE: METRO P U B L I C.L Y A D M I N I S T E R E D R E C R E A T 1 0 N 0 P P 0 R T U N I T I E S LAND AND WATER ACREAGE ACRES REGION STATEWIDE 17 AVERAGE METRO METRO AREAS Developed Land 227 1,307 REGION 5% 95% Undeveloped Land 11 5136 17 Total Land 238 1,843 METRO Water Within or Adjacent 64 1,006 Total Land and Water 302 2,849 DEVELOPED LAND San Angelo has a total of 238 acres of land set aside as UNDEVELOPED LAND park and recreation areas. In addition, 64 surface acres of water either within or adjacent to these parks were reported. Of the total land acreage, 227 acres are developed with facilities, leaving 11 acres available for future develop- 71% ment. With 95 percent of the land acreage currently STATEWIDE developed, San Angelo is well abovethe Statewide Metro AVERAGE average of 71 percent. METRO AREAS 29% 229 @a :E: ',J > (D @j. a) 0 0 0 H- H- @r (D m 0 m lb 0 0 pi N rt 0 CL 0 NH. W 10 rr 7;" r: " V m @31 W FJ- rt 0 Hm w 0) m 0 m > (D z I- m H. pi Mrb I,< ov n D) aq rt M rr 10 m @u m 0 0 0 0 rl) 0) I-h @r 0 0 CL Qq D) (D 0m 0 m m m ol t-h 0) rt CL 0 @-t -T, (D pi [a pi aq a 14 03 0PI I > 05 0 rr 04CD :7' " rt " :r t=) am Do 0 0 0) 0 pli (D tV 0 fD M H. fb .49 r. Pi r- m W En ca w 0 0fDH @,h (D w 0) (A 10 rr pla r- P-i 0* W V a 0 M @3 0 (D (D m rt @-h la, co @i 23 Cl) rt cn OQ (D H* 14 =a rl > z o :3a 0 @- @:;' rt :3 (D 10 :C --J M 0 23 03 (D 0 rt CD " 0 CL "03 "0 Lo C) ::r 0 pr I-h H- X- 0) 0 H. cn ca9" rA V a) @d V pr -0 W En 0 0 23 m CD a) D) a, " rl rt pi 00 ca P-r rn @-g 03 PV C) fl.) 00 rt go co H. ::r0" En OQ > D) 0) 0 0 m0m rr " a, 0 m H. H. H. M 0103 0 0 Un 0 CD (D m w 0 D) 0 z@r 0 4- 0 0 a, 0 @c 0 OQ @-h MP3 In 0 rr M lll@ @-A0 a) (D @71 (D "0 rt t:lMrn :J V W X I-h (D V W- rt Z) H. H. (D (a0 co ca rt"M r @-h PI (M T-- C) (D 0) 0 I-A- rtM M pi (ON Ul @-A rD r- 0V0 0 ID En rt (D 0 0 a, 14 rb H. rt Id rt 03 rt r?, 0 -< 030CL H C> C) t,) 6 H M. M "a @l rt H. m 0 00 0 0 C> m ta. 0 (D PV 03< C) 0 0 M ca H. C') ri) F- 0CL 0 m (D 23 0 0M 0) ct @-h 093 CL ct CD cn H* r-0 (D 0 r- a :j En 0 m H.m H. -4 @t @r PI cr M03 rt ft tal m (D ct 03 (no4 m 0 :j "m cn M t)M(D @d 0 00 03 r?, "a 'D co :j ib Lo m 00 0 V 03 pt CT rr :31 m H 0W.M p;' 6 6 " (D 7V 0:jV co @S% (C=:)) 0 0 0 ic V a co H(D CD CD Ul c) 0 t- 0) 0 mco0 021 03 Q. @t W w"a H- < (D H -MOD C) M m 0 0 :4 4 03 :4 W. rt " m @r rr CL -IV CD 1-4 14 GQ rt H. F" M H. (D " 0 "a P) 0 0 (D W- (D :3 0 @-h 0 0. C) 0 lb fl) 0 CT rt I'd 0 " < 01% @-h m =1 0) 00 m 00 CL Mpi H ?o 03 pi (n m (a 0 0 P.- ro 0) rr 0 --j 0 4- CD aq m @s CD ul) CD (D M 0 P) 0t, H > "0 I-h 03 n 0 m00 m V m 0 A) t,0@d P) 14 0 040 H m (a 0MPi ;-v 4 rr CL P.w " o m a@ W 1.0 LI) co OD W 00 ON ::r c) 0) J- W a) F- " 0 0 -4 C) 0 .rt pi rt X- w P, C) 0 0 :71 m "a :3, rilm@l F C) Ln 0 C) (D a) (D @-Am .4 m rr 14 m Lo 0 11) 003 0 En 0 U) n rt 0,n rr n A) 14 pi 0 V 0 m kn 0) (D rt a) H pi 0:3, (IQ m > 0 m m CL g fl) 00 -1 0 -P- Ul m 0 LI) 4-1 > t-h 6 . m a H C 0 til to 0 > 0 Cf) C4 LU (r 0 0 z -i :) LU 0 m 0 Z ail w 0 LU ZO <Z 0 Lli CL Cl 0 c CL cr '@ CL cl LL < 0 >- (L CL c z z cn z < 0 D z < w w a. o M CL LLI z a u U) 0 6 < m 0 0 cc cn .REGION 17 CITY SIZE: METRO PARK AND RECREATION FACILITIES BY TYPE OF PARK UNITS PER THOUSAND DISTRICT COMMUNITY SPECIALTY PEOPLE REGION STATEWIDE TYPE OF FACILITY PARK PARK PARK TOTAL PER 17 AVERAGE (UNITS) (UNITS) (UNITS) UNITS UNIT METRO METRO AREAS Games and Sports: Parks .............................. 1 10 2 13 4,914 .203 .150 Tennis Courts ...................... 1 20 0 21 3,042 .328 .142 Basketball Courts .................. 0 0 1 1 63,884 .016 .071 Baseball/Softball Fields ........... 2 9 1 12 5,324 .188 .186 Football/Soccer Fields ............. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .032 Picnicking: Parks ............................... 1 13 2 16 3,993 .250 .124 Tables ............................. 4 64 22 90 710 1.406 1.230 Playground: Parks .............................. 1 12 1 14 4,563 .219 .170 Acres Developed .................... 1 6 1 8 7,986 .125 .258 Swimming: Parks .............................. 0 2 0 2 31,942 .031 .050 Pools (Sq. Yd.) .................... 0 1,400 0 1,400 46 21.875 25.950 Designated Fresh Water (Sq. Yd.) ... 0 0 0 0 --- --- 52.242 Boating: Parks .............................. 1 0 0 1 63,884 .016 .006 Ramp Lanes - Fresh Water ........... 1 0 0 1 63,884 .016 .008 Camping: Parks .............................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .002 Campsites .......................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .121 Fishing: Parks ............................ 1 5 7 13 4,914 .203 .013 Pier/Barge/Marina-Fresh Water (Yd 0 0 0 0 --- --- .049 Golfing: Courses ............................ 0 0 1 1 63,884 .016 .005 Holes .............................. 0 0 9 9 7,098 .141 .100 Trails: Parks .............................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .006 Nature (Mi.) ....................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .009 Horseback (Mi.) .................... 0 0 0 0 --- .003 Bicycle (Mi.) ...................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .007 Hiking (Mi.) ....................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .006 Total Trails (Mi.) ................. 0 0 0 0 --- .021 232 REGION 1 7 PARK AND RECREATION FACILITIES BY TYPE OF PARK CITY SIZE: METRO UNITS PER THOUSAND DISTRICT COMMUNITY SPECIALTY PEOPLE REGION STATEWIDE TYPE OF FACILITY PARK PARK PARK TOTAL PER 17 AVERAGE (UNITS) '(UNITS) (UNITS) UNITS UNIT METRO METRO AREAS Sport Shooting: Parks ............................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .002 Traps ............................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .002 Shooting Targets ................. ; 0 0 0 0 --- 004 Archery Targets ................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- :011 Miscellaneous: Parks ............................. 0 0 3 3 21,297 .047 .038 Amphitheatre Seats ................ 0 0 0 0 --m- --- 1.077 Botanical Gardens (Acres) ......... 0 0 2 2 31,942 .031 .077 Zoos (Acres) ...................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .051 Community/Recreation Centers ...... 0 0 0 0 --- .038 Most of the developed park and recreation facilities in San Angelo are in Community Parks, where all of the swimming facilities exist. The one District Park is the only 'park with boating facilities, while the only golf course is in a Specialty Park. Two of the Specialty Parks have botanical gardens. Thirteen parks have fishing waters available, principally in the Specialty or Community Park categories, however, none of these parks have fishing piers, barges or marinas. of the 32 parks, 16 have facilities for picnicking, 14 have playgrounds, 13 have fishing waters av .ailable and 13 have, games and sports facilities. The most common types of games and sports facilities are tennis with 21 courts (all but one of these in Community Parks), followed by baseball/softball with 12 fields and basketball with one court. Looking at selected facilities in relation to the number of potential users we find the following: 63,884 persons for each basketball court 3,042 persons for each tennis court 7,986 persons for each acre of playground 710 persons for each picnic table 7,098 persons for each golf hole 46 persons for each square yard of swimming pool 5,324 persons for each baseball/softball field San Angelo is above the Statewide Metro average for facility units per 1,000 only for tennis courts, baseball/so ftball fields, picnic tables, boat ramp lanes and golf holes, while falling below the average for basketball courts, playground acres, square yards of swimming pools and acres of botanical gardens. No football/soccer fields, designated fresh water swimming area, campsites, yards of fishing pier/barge/marina, trail miles, sport shooting facilities, amphitheatre seats, zoo acreage or community/recreation centers were reported. 233 REGION 17 CONVERSION OF FACILITIES TO RECREATION OP@ORTUNITY DAYS CITY SIZE: METRO Current opportunity days for 1971 were calculated by multiplying the number of facilities available for each activity in the metro area (determined from the Texas Outdoor Recreation Inventory of Parks, Recreation Areas, and Facilities) times the standard for the facility. -DAYS PER THOUSAND POPULATION ANNUAL REGION STATEWIDE DAYS 17 AVERAGE ACTIVITY-FACILITY AVAILABLE METRO METRO Swimming (Pools) - square yards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210,000 3,281 3,891 Child's Play - playground acres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220,984 3,453 7,137 Baseball/Softball - fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165,648 2,588 2,577 Picnicking - tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153,180 2,393 2,093 Football/Soccer - fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 235 Golf - holes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 36,423 569 414 Tennis - courts, double . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,574 884 384 Basketball - courts, full . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,795 137 625 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW - surface acres . . . . . . 60,487 945 2,962 Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW` - boat ramps . . . . . . . . 13,486 211 103 Trail Activities: Combined Walking, Bicycling, and Nature Study - miles . . . . 0 0 .164 The San Angelo Metro Area offers the most opportunity days for.child's play, followed by swimming (in pools), baseball/softball and picnicking. A comparison between the opportunity days per thousand population for the San Angelo Metro Area and the Statewide Metro average shows that the San Angelo Metro Area surpasses the statewide average for five types of facilities -- baseball/softball-fields, picnic tables, golf courses (holes), tennis courts, and freshwater boat ramps. The San Angelo Metro Area is below the Statewide Metro average for swimming (in pools), child's play, basketba. '11 and surface acres for freshwater boating, boat fishing and skiing, with no opportunity days available for football/soccer and the trails activities. 234 REGION 17 ESTIMATED CURRENT AND FUTURE PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METRO The nineteenth ranking metro area, based on population, San Angelo ranked twentieth in total participation for the year 1970. Estimates for 1970 indicate that residents and non-residents in the area spent over 1.7 million recreation days in pursuit of urban outdoor recreation opportunities available within the metro area. Resident For the 16 activities shown, total days of participation in urban outdoor recreation activities by the residents of the San Angelo Metropolitan Area was estimated to be 1.5 million days in 1970. Total participation is expected to increase to 2.4 million days in 1975 and to nearly 3.2 million days in 1980. These projections represent increases of 53.1 per- cent by 1975 and 106.7 percent by 1980. Participation on a days per household basis is projected, to increase from 72.3 days in 1970 to 109.3 days in 1975, and eo 146.3 days in 1980--increases of 51.3 and 102.5 percent, respectively, over the 1970 level. Residents of the San Angelo Metropolitan Area are expected to participate at a rate of 51, 52, and 56 days per household below the statewide average for the other Texas metropolitan areas in 1970, 1975, and 1980, respec- tively. For the more distant years of 1990 and 2000, both total days of participation as well as days per household are expected to increase substantially; however, they will remain below the statewide average for all metropolitan areas. Projections for specific activities indicate'that 13 of the 16 activities will increase in total days of participation through the years 1970 and 1980. Football, is expected to decrease in total participation, while the activities of tennis and basketball are anticipated to remain relatively constant. Participation on a days per household basis is expected to increase in 15 activities by 1980, while football will decline slightly. In 1970', the six most popular activities based on total participation were: driving for pleasure, child's play, swimming, sightseeing, bicycling, and walking. By 1975, bicycling will replace driving for pleasure as the most popular activity with walking, driving for pleasure, child's play, swimming, and sightseeing ranked two through six, respectively. The six most popular activities in 1980 are as follows: bicycling, walking, child's play, 'swimming, driving for pleasure, and sightseeing. Non-Resident For the urban outdoor recreation activities specified for 1970, particip ation within the an Angelo Metropolitan Area by non-residents was estimated to total 169,000 days. Compared to the 1970 level, total participation is expected to de- crease 1.2 percent (to*167,000 days) by 1975 and 1.8 percent (to 164,000 days) by 1980. Decreases are anticipated for the years 1990 and 2000. In terms of days of participation for 1970, the most popular non-resident activities, of the specific activities pro- jected, were: boating, with 37,000 days; sightseeing, with 30,000 days; swimming, with 28,000 days; fishing, with 21,000 days; football, with 16,000.days; and driving for pleasure with 13,000 days, respectively. A moderate decrease in par- ticipation for all activities is expected through the year 2000. In relative order, the six most popular activities are expected to remain the same. 235 REGION 17 CURRENT AND PROJECTED RESIDENT PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS (DOD'S OF ANNUAL ACTIVITY DAYS) 1970 1975 1980 1990 2000 STATE- STATE- STATE- STATE- STATE- REG.,l 7 WIDE REG.17 WIDE REC.17 WIDE REG.17 WIDE REG. 17 WIDE METROS METROS NETROS METROS METROS METROS METROS METROS METROS METROS PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE ACTIVITY DAYS RANK DAYS/HH DAYS/HH DAYS RANK DAY/HH DAYS/HH DAYS RANK DAYS/ DAYS/HH DAYS RANK DAYS/IfH DAYS/HH DAYS RANK DAYS/HH DAYSIHH Swimming 197 3 9.25 27.41 269 5 12.49 36.52 345 4 15.87 47.17 509 4 24.50 75.28 740 3 35.35 110.14 Child's Play 217 2 10.19 14.08 292 3 13.56 17.72 366 3 16.83 22.00 523 3 25.18 32.20 740 3 35.35 43.99 Baseball/Softball 71 8 3.33 2.78 85 9 3.95 3.19 98 9 4.51 3.59 118 8 . 5.68 4.41 144 8 6.88 5.22 Picnicking 111 7 5.21 5.72 113 7 5.25 5.66 115 8 5.29 5.66 Ill 9 5.34 5.61 113 9 5.40 5.64 Football/Soccer 16 14 .75 1.43 16 15 .74 1.42 16 16 .74 1.41 15 16 .72 1.39 15 16 .72 1.38 Golf 70 9 3.29 3.92 94 8 4.37 4.98 118 7 5.43 6.16 168 7 8.09 8.96 235 6 11.23 12.07 Tennis 21 11 .99 6.06 22 12 1.02 9.21 22 13 1.01 11.49 21 14 1.01 .16.07 21 14 1.00 21.46 Basketball 18 13 .85 1.60 18 14 .84 2.59 18 14 .83 3.57 18 15 .87 5.52 18 15 .86 7.53 Walking 128 6 6.01 18.21 319 2 14.81 23.09 513 2 23.59 29.20 855 2 41.16 39.89 1,229 2 58.71 50.31 Bicycling 151 5 7.09 20.30 533 1 24.75 32.77 923 1 42.45 45.25 1,616 .1 77.79 68.44 2,368 1 113.12 95.49 Nature Study 7 16 .33 .72 19 13 .88 1.67 31 12 1.43 2.64 51 11 2.46 4.63 74 11 3.53 6.76 Fishing 38 10 1.78 1.80 40 10 1.86 1.88 43 11 1.98 1.97 44 12 2.12 2.13 48 12 2.29 2.30 Boating 19 12 .89 .88 34 11 1.58 1.60 50 10 2.30 2.31 78 10 3.75 3.74 108 10 5.16 5.17 Skiing 9 15 .42 .42 13 16 .60 .62 18 14 .83 .82 25 13 1.20 1.22 34 13 1.62 1.81 Surfing - --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- Sightseeing 183 4 8.59 2.25 195 6 9.06 2.34 205 6 9.43 2.50 211 6 10.16 2.70 225 7 10.75 3.01 Dr. for Pleas. 283 1 13.29 13.38 292 3 13.56 13.52 300 5 13.80 13.67 296 5 14.25 13.86 306 5 14.62 14.10 TOTAL 1,539 72.26 120.96 2,354 109.32 158.78 3,181 146.32 199.41 4,659 224.28 286.05 6,418 306.59 386.32 CURRENT AND PROJECTED NON-RESIDENT PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 TOTAL CURRENT AND PROJECTED PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 (OOO'S OF ANNUAL ACTIVITY DAYS) (OOO'S OF ANNUAL ACTIVITY DAYS) ACTIVITY 1970 1975 1980 1990 2000 ACTIVITY 1970' 1975 1980 1990 2000 Swimming 28 27 27 24 23 Swimming 225 296 372 533 763 Child's Play 1 1 1 1 1 Child's Play 218 293 367 524 741 Baseball/Softball Baseball/Softball 71 85 98 118 144 Picnicking 11 11 11 9 9 Picnicking 122 124 126 120 122 Football/Soccer 16 16 16 14 14 Football/Soccer 32 32 32 29 29 Golf 1 1 1 1 1 Golf 71 95 119 169 236 Tennis Tennis 21 22 22 21 21 Basketball Basketball 18 18 18 18 18 Walking 8 8 8 7 7 Walking 136 327 521 862 1,236 Bicycling Bicycling 151 533 923 1,616 2,368 Nature Study Nature Study 7 19 31 51 74 Fishing 21 21 20 18 17 Fishing 59 61 63 62 65 Boating 37 36 35 32 30 Boating 56 70 85 110 138 Skiing 3 3 3 3 3 Skiing 12 i6 21 28 37 Surfing --- --- --- --- --- Surfing --- --- --- --- Sightseeing 30 30 29 26 25 Sightseeing 213 225 234 237 250 Dr. for Pleas. 13 13 13 11 11 Dr. for Pleas. 296 305 313 307 317 TOTAL 169 167 164 146 141 TOTAL 1,708 2,521 3,345 4,805 6,559 Note: Asterisks indicate that projected annual activity days were less than 500. Dashes indicate not applicable. Zeros indicate that the activity was not ranked due to insignificant participation days recorded. 236 REGION 17 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S @CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 Estimates of urban outdoor recreation resource requirements ere developed for the San Angelo Metropolitan Area for the years 1970, 1975, 1980, 1990, and 2000 by comparing currently and projected recreation participation with the current recreation opportunities!/ available in the metro. In addition, the availability and spatial distribution of recrea- tion opportunities provided by parks and recreation facilities were analyzed with respect to subsections of the San Angelo Metro, characterized by residents -having similar incomes and ethnic backgrounds. , Particular attention was given to those subsections expected to undergo relatively rapid. population growth and physical expansion in the future. Conclusions reached from analyzing the distribution of recreation opportunities within the metropolitan area were used to qualify resource requirement estimates where a less than adequate distribution appeared to exist. In the discussions that follow, results of the distribution analysis of parks within subsections of the San Angelo Metro Area are presented. Then, estimates of current and future requirements for selected recreation facilities are presented, and are qualified by conclusions reached from the distribution analysis of recreation facilities wit1iin subsections of the San Angelo Metro Area. PARK DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS in analyzing the availability and distribution of parks in the San Angelo Metro Area, several characteristics were con- sidered: changes in population (or trends, in general, 1960 to 1970), areas of the metro which were expected to exhibit relatively major expansion, and the dispersion of existing parks among the income/ethnic subsections of the metro. From these interrelated characteristics general conclusions were reached with respect to future park developments for the metro area. Population trends affected estimations of future recreation participation. Projections of population growth for San Angelo indicated that the 1970 metro population of 63,884 will decrease very slightly to about 62,801 persons by the year 2000. In addition, information provided by urban recreation planners of the area shows that major directions of future urban expansion are expected to occur in the southwest, northwest, and southeast (as illustrated by arrows of decreasing size on the map, titled "Predominant Ethnic Background and Income Subsections") . For the San Angelo Metropolitan Area, local metro area recreation planners' delineated fourteen subsections which are indicated on the map titled "Predominant Ethnic Background and Income Subsections." The delineated subsections charac- terize the homogeneous residential, or demographic, patterns existing in 1971 by two major socio-economic factors. I/ "Current" participation refers to levels of participation by type of selected recreation activity which were esti- mated for the year 1970. 2/ "Current" recreation opportunities refers to computed figures derived from the numbers of publicly- administered facilities by type available within the metro area in 1971. 237 > z 0 m z 0 - 0 @a @,m OMER, 131202@ zo ol oz 9@ 3 0 0 . 0 K ; Z > m 0- 0 0 0 0 0 0 ..0 0 0 a z I r. 9 0 r F S ; > > 9 n . z z z z a g C) > 0- > > > > m M@ > 0 z z z 1> A> >z >z z z z z 1. -" I o- m z c > Ir z M > >> o 0 > x C, n n a- ro z z z ro m> z > . > 0 > z -5 z z z z z z c > 0 > 0 . 9 z > 0 n 0 c > > I > 1. 0 0 z C z z > z m Z > 1. 0 > C-J 10 al C) 0 c N En 10 En C ID :r (D 10 (D I'D V (D 0 V. REGION 17 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS, 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 overall, San Angelo was reported to contain a large percentage of low-income residents, mostly Anglos and Mexican- Americans. There were two subsections composed predominantly of low-income Anglos-- one comprised almost the entire northern half of -the metro, and the other much smaller area was indicated to the south of the core area.' The only low- income Black subsection in the metro was also located in the northern half of the metro just north of the core area. The relatively large low-income Mexican- American subsection was located to the south of the core area on either side of Highway 87. There were six. middle- income subsections, five were predominantly Anglo and one predominantly Black. One very small Anglo subsection was located west of the low-income Black subsection in the northern half of the metro. The largest middle-income Anglo area was located to the southwest of the core -area along either side of Highway 67. The three remaining middle-income Anglo subsections were located in the southeastern quadrant of the metro. The very small middle-income Black subsection was located in the northwestern quadrant immediately north of the low-income Black sub- section. The four high-income subsections were all predominantly characterized by Anglo residents. The two largest subsections were located along a line to the southwest of the core area toward the major growth area. The smallest was located to the west of the core area in the northern half of the metro, and the remaining subsection was on the western periphery of Goodfellow Air Force Base in southeastern San Angelo. An analysis of parks dispersion among the subsections was conducted by comparing the "Dispersion of Parks by Type" map with the "Predominant Ethnic Background and Income Subsections" map. Overall, the parks reported in 1971 appeared to be adequately distributed; although, seven subsections had no parks of any type, the low and the middle-income Black subsections, two middle-income Anglo, and three high-income Anglo subsections. Those seven subsections, however, were all within one mile of a park. Community, specialty, and open land parks were the most numerous in the metro area with community parks having the widest dispersion of all types. Specialty and open land parks were concentrated in the@ central portion of the metro. Areas appearing to need additional parks of all types were generally located in the direction of major growth and in the northeast and southeast. Since open land parks were indicated only in the south- ern half of the metro, consideration should be given to providing open land parks where the resources are available in the northern half and in the major growth areas of the metro. In addition to maintaining an adequate dispersion of parks in all portions of the metro area, the provision of differ- ent types of recreational facilities in parks 'is also an important consideration. An analysis of the current and future requirements for selected recreational facilities and the current dispersion of facilities in the San Angelo Metro Area is presented in the following discussions. FACILITY REQUIRE24ENTS AND DISTRIBUTION, ANALYSIS As mentioned previously, requirements for selected recreational facilities (see the following table) were calculated for the years 1970, 1975, 1980, 1990, and 2000. Then, an analysis of the dispersion of existing facilities among the pre- dominant income/ethnic subsections and the major growth areas of the metro was conducted. Conclusions reached from the facility dispersion analysis were then used to qualify the facility requirement estimates, particularly in those cases where. no additional facilities were estimated as being needed within-the metropolitan area. Usually, special note is 239 REGION 17 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S O-U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 made where growth areas appeared to have limited facilities. The methodology used to calculate facility requirements in general is explained in Appendix C, Part I--An Overview of the Urban Volume. In the discussions that follow, resource requirements for recreational facilities are generally referred to by units of the most important feature necessary to allow participation. For example, when a requirement is shown for swimming pools, features such as a bathhouse, clean- ing and filtering system, and other support features are implied when a requirement for the major facility is shown. Swimming San Angelo had 1,400 square yards of public swimming pools in 1971. Each square yard (unit) was estimated to provide 150 days of swimming opportunity per year which resulted in an estimated 210,000 opportunity days in 1971. To deter- mine if there was a surplus or deficit of opportunity, estimated participation days and estimated opportunity days were compared. For swimming pools there appeared to be a deficit of 2,000 opportunity days, or thirteen square yards in 1970. By 1975 the metro area was estimated to require an additional 440 square yards of pools. Cumulative 1980 re- quirements were estimated at 933 square yards. In the years 1990 and 2000, an additional 1,007 and 1,440 square yards, respectively, will be needed for an estimated cumulative requirement of 3,380 square yards by the year 2000. The two parks with swimming facilities were in the metro center. This may indicate that additional facilities were needed in the southeast and north central portions of the metro, with consideration also given to the more rapidly expanding residential sections to the southwest and northwest. Child's Play San Angelo in 1971 had eight acres of playground,divided among fourteen parks within the metro boundary. Multiplying the eight acres by the playground standard (each acre was calculated to provide 27,623 days of recreation opportunity per unit per year) resulted in an estimated 221,000 opportunity days in 1971. The number of opportunity days was then compared with forecasted participation days, as shown in the San Angelo resource requirements table. Playground area deficits were apparent for all planning periods except 1970. The cumulative requirement for 1975 was three acres above the existing eight in 1971. Requirements will grow incrementally by 5 acres, 11 acres, and 19 acres in the remaining planning horizon years, respectively, to a cumulative requirement of 38 acres by the year 2000. Since the existing playgrounds were relatively well distributed among the subsections, additional playgrounds should be considered for the major growth areas. Baseball/Softball With an existing twelve baseball/softball fields providing approximately 166,000 total opportunity days (the facility standard utilized was 13,804 opportunity days provided per field each year), the San Angelo Metropolitan Area appeared to have a sufficient quantity of fields to meet estimated demand through the year 2000. Although a dispersion analysis was not possible from available information, consideration should be given to maintaining a balanced distribution rela- tive to growth areas and the various income/ethnic subsections. 240 REGION 17 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T-S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 Picnicking There were ninety public picnic tables in San Angelo in 1971. At 1,702 days of opportunity per table per year (stan-; dard) the existing tables provided approximately 153,000 opportunity days in 1971. The existing number of tables was expected.to provide sufficient opportunities through the year 2000. Analysis of picnicking facilities indicated ade- quate dispersion among the existing subsections; however, as the metro area grows, provision of additional facilities should be considered for the southwest and northwest areas of the metro. Football/Soccer The San Angelo Metro Area reported no public football/soccer fields in 1971. With a standard of 7,224 days per year per field, it was estimated that four fields would have been required to adequately accommodate demand in 1970. No additional fields were estimated to be required until the year 2000 when three more fields will be needed. In the pro- vision of football/soccer fields consideration should be given to a balanced distribution relative to growth areas and income/ethnic s'ubsections. Golf The only publicly-administered course in San Angelo provided nine holes for golf in 1971. Using the urban golf stan- dard, each golf hole was calculated to be capable of providing 4,047 days of-recreation opportunity annually. There- fore, San Angelo had about 36,000 days of opportunity provided in 1971. A -comparison of the expected participation in projection years with available opportunity days showed that the metro needed an additional nine holes (at least one niae-hole course) in 1970 to adequately accommodate demand. Incrementally, additions of 6, 6, 12, and 16 holes would be needed in the years 1975, 1980, 1990, and 2000, respectively, to meet expected increases in golfing participation. As a general rule, golf courses are constructed in multiples of nine holes; therefore, by the year 2000 the San Angelo Metro Area will need slightly over six additional nine-hole courses (49 holes) or three eighteen-hole courses, or some appropriate combination which considers local resources. The one public course was located in central San Angelo; con- sequently, any additional courses probably should be considered for the fringe areas. Tennis The 57,000 opportunity days provided by the twenty-one tennis courts available in 1971 (each court can make available about 2,694 days of opportunity per year) were apparently adequate to accommodate demand in 1970, and were estimated to be adequate through the year 2000. Although dispersion of these facilities could not be discerned from available data, it is important that a balanced distribution be considered relevant to growth areas and income/ethnic subsections. Basketball Based on a standard of 8,795 days per year per court, the one public basketball court enumerated in 1971 provided approx- 241 REGION 17 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 imately 8,000 opportunity days in 1971. One additionalcourt was estimated to be necessary in order to accommodate demand through the year 2000. Although a dispersion analysis was not possible from available information, a balanced distribution-should be considered relative to growth areas and the various income/ethnic subsections. Trails Activities There were no trails reported in the San Angelo Metro Area in 1971. Analysis of expected participation for walking, bicycling, and nature study indicated that approximately two miles of combined trails should have been added by 1970. Given the expected growth in participation in the trails activities, incremental additions were projected to be 5'miles in 1975, 5 miles in 1980, 8 miles in 1990, and 8 miles in the year 2000. Overall, a total of twenty-eight miles of combined trails should be provided by the year 2000 to meet expected participation levels. A relatively small proportion of the total participation in trail and related activities was estimated to take place in publicly-administered park and recreation areas. It is likely, however, that as trail facilities are provided, the relative proportion of total participation will increase at these recreation areas. Thus, the above estimates of re- sources required may be conservative in the long run and should be considered as minimum estimates. In addition to the expectations for increases in participation in trail and related activities at publicly-administered park and recrea- tion areas, it is.clear that the major proportion of walking, bicycling, and nature study is taking place in local neighborhoods, on city streets, and on available open lands within the area. This phenomenon has direct policy impli- cations with respect to the provision of sidewalks within currently existing and newly developing neighborhoods, the development of a system of bike lanes in high use areas, and the provision of adequate open space and green belt areas within the metro area. Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing Surface Acres - Freshwater Lakes (Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing) A total of 145 surface acres of freshwater lakes was located within the San Angelo Metropolitan Area in 1971 not in- cluding San Angelo Reservoir which was not within the metro area. Using participation patterns of households recreating in the urban areas it was estimated that boating participation would have totaled 56,000 days, boat fishing 12,000 days, and skiing 12,000 days for a total of 80,000 days in 1970 if adequate freshwater lakes had been available. A comparison of estimated participation with the opportunities provided by the surface acres existing in 1971 indicated that incremental resource requirements were expected to expand from an additional 48 acres needed in 1970, another 45 acres by 1975, 48 acres more by 1980, 82 acres by 1990, and another 86 acres by the year 2000. This brings the cumula- tive resource requirement to 309 surface acres by the year 2000. 242 REGION 17 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 Freshwater Boat Ramps 1 One publicly-administered freshwater boat lane was reported for the San Angelo Metropolitan Area in.,1971. By estimating the 1970 total freshwater boat fishing, skiing, and boating participation which would have occurred using boat ramp facilities to gain access to the water, two additional boat ramps were needed in 1970. Projected increases in fresh- water boat fishing, skiing, and boating participation were not expected to require any additional freshwater boat ramps in 1975; however, one would be required by 1980 and one more by the year 2000, bringing the cumulative resource require- ment to four ramps in 2000. Since boat ramps are the most frequently used means by which boaters, skiers, and boat fishermen gain access to freshwater lakes, the provision of freshwater surface acres and freshwater boat ramps required should be planned as joint projects, even though in some cases, this may require the construction of boat ramps prior to the years reflected in the boat ramp resource requirement projections. Summary of Facilities Requirements In 1971 the San Angelo Metro had at least some public facilities for all designated outdoor recreation activities except football/soccer and trail activities (walking, bicycling, and nature study). Incremental resource requirements were indicated in all planning horizon years for trails, and in 1970 and the year 2000 for football/soccer. To augment existing facilities, additional square yards of swimming pools, acres for playground facilities, holes of golf, acres of freshwater lakes, and freshwater boat ramps were estimated to be required in all, or in some cases nearly all, planning horizon years. One additional public basketball court also was indicated as necessary for the year 1970. Existing facilities for baseball/softball, picnicking, and tennis were estimated to be sufficient for the metro as a whole through the year 2000. A dispersion analysis was possible only for a few facility types. Additional swimming facilities probably should be considered for the southeast and the north central portions of the metro, as well as for the rapidly growing southwest and northwest portions of San Angelo. The municipal golf course was located in central San Angelo; consequently, if additional public courses are provided, consideration should be given to the fringe areas. The dispersion of playgrounds and public picnic tables was considered relatively balanced. In the provision of additional facilities for all types of outdoor recreation activities, consideration should be given to maintaining a balanced distribution relative to growth areas and the various income/ethnic subsections. I/ In calculating freshwater boat ramp resource requirements the assumption was made that each boat ramp has two lanes. Supply figures listed in the "Park and Recreation Facilities by Type of Park" table and quoted in the narratives are in terms of single lanes. 243 REGION 17 RECREATION RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS TOTAL 1971 OPPORTUNITY NET OPPORTUNITY DAYS PARTICIPATION DAYS AVAILABLE (OOO'S OF UNITS OF RECREATION (OOO'S OF (0001S OF ACTIVITY DAYS) RESOURCES REQUIRED YEAR ACTIVITY ACTIVITY DAYS ACTIVITY DAYS DEFICIT SURPLUS CUMULATIVE INCREMENTAL Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 212 1/ 210 2 13 square yards 2/ 13 square yards 2/ Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . 218 221 3 0 acres 0 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 71 166 95 0 fields 0 fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 153 31 0 tables 0 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 0 32 4 fields 4 fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 36 35 9 holes 9 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 57 36 0 courts, dbl. 0 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 9 9 1 court, full 1 court, full 1970 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 80 60 20 48 surfas? acres 48 surfap acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 58 13 45 2 ramps- 2 ramps Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 4/ 1 mile 1 mile Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1 mile 1 mile Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 <1 mile <1 mile Combined Walking, Bicycling, Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 21 4/ 0 21 2 miles 2 miles ACTIVITY Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . . 278 1/ 210 68 453 square yards!/ 440 square yardsY Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 293 221 72 3 acres 3 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 85 166 81 0 fields 0 fields Picnicking . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 124 153 29 0 tables 0 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 0 32 4 fields 0 fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 36 59 15 holes 6 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 57 35 0 courts, dbl. 0 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 9 9 1 court, full 0 courts, full 1975 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 99 60 39 93 surfaS7 acres 45 surfa 7 acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 71 13 58 2 ramps- 0 rampsl Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 4 miles 3 miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 4/ 3 miles 2 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 <1 mile 0 miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 59 4/ 0 59 7 miles 5 miles 244 REGION 17 RECREATION RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS TOTAL 1971 OPPORTUNITY NET OPPORTUNITY DAYS PARTICIPATION DAYS AVAILABLE (OOO'S OF UNITS OF RECREATION (OOO'S OF (OOO'S OF -ACTIVITY DAYS) RESOURCES-REQUIRED LFL& ACTIVITY ACTIVITY DAYS) ACTIVITY DAYS DEFICIT SURPLUS CUMULATIVE INCREMENTAL Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 350 210 140 933 square yardsv 480 square yards!' Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 367 221 146 8acres 5 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . 98 166 68 0fields 0 fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 153 27 0tables 0 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 0 32 4fields 0 fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 36 83 21 holes 6 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 57 35 0courts, dbl. 0 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 9 9 1court, full 0 courts, full 1980 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 119 60 59 141 surface acres 48 surfar acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 84 .13 71 3ramps!/ 1 ramP3 Trails Activities: Walking . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 4/ 7miles 3 miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 4miles 1 mile Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1mile I mile Combined Walking, Bicycling, 98 4/ Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 0 98 12 miles 5 miles ACTIVITY Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 501 210 291 1,940 square yards@/ 1,007 square yardsZ/ Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 524 221 303 19 acres 11 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 118 166 48 0fields 0 fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 153 33 0tables 0 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 0 29 4fields 0 fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 36 133 33 holes 12 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . 21 57 36 0courts, dbl. 0 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . 18 9 9 1court, full 0 courts, full 1990 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 151 60 91 223 surface acres 82 surfa a res Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 106 13 93 3rampsi/ 0 rampX C Trails Activities: Walking . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . 91 4/ 11 miles 4 miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 4/ 8miles 4 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 1mile 0 miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 166 4/ 0 166 20 miles 8 miles 245 REGION 17 RECREATION RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS TOTAL 1971 OPPORTUNITY NET OPPORTUNITY DAYS PARTICIPATION DAYS AVAILABLE (OOO'S OF UNITS OF RECREATION (OOO'S OF (OOO'S OF ACTIVITY DAYS) RESOURCES REQUIRED YEAR ACTIVITY ACTIVITY DAYS) ACTIVITY DAYS) DEFICIT SURPLUS CUMULATIVE INCREMENTAL Swimming (Pools) ... . . . . . . . . . 717 l/ 210 507 3,380 square yards!' 1,440 square yards! Child's Play @Playgrounds) . . . . . . 741 221 520 38 acres 19 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 144 166 22 0fields 0fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 1153 31 0tables 0tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 0 29 7fields 3fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 36 200 49 holes 16 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 57 36 0courts, dbl. 0courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 9 9 1court, full 0courts, full 2000 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 189 60 129 309 surface acres 86 surf acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 131 13 118 4ramps.2/ IrampaV Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 4/ 15 miles 4miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 11 miles 3miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 2 miles 1mile Combined Walking, Bicycling, 4/ 0 240 28 miles 8miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 240 - I/ Includes only swimming participation occurring in swimming pools, 94 percent of the total in urban areas. 2/ Designated freshwater swimming areas may be substituted for swimming pools. When making substitutions consider total swimming participation. 3/ Assumes 2.0 lanes per ramp. 4/ Reflects estimated participation occurring in park and recreation areas; does not include participation occurring outside park and recreation areas. 'Of the total walking, bicycling, and nature study participation it was determined that 10.5, 4.0, and 20.1. percent, respectively for each activity, occurs in park and recreation areas. 246 05 a: z GO REGION 18 REGIONAL DESCRIPTION: MIDLAND METROPOLITAN AREA Midland, the county seat of Midland County, received its name POPULATION from its midway location on the railroad between Fort Worth and 1970 Metro Area Population: 59,463 El Paso. Midland was once a thrifty farming community until the Change 1960-70: -5% discovery of oil in the Permian Basin. Today, the Midland Metro- Race Composition White ..... 887 politan Area is the site of more than 650 petroleum and related @1/ businesses which provide the basis for its economy. It is also Negro ..... 11% the distribution center for one of Texas' principal cattle ranch- Other ..... 1% ing regions. Age Composition (years): 13 or less ..... 29% The amount of office space in this metropolitan area ranks it 14 - 20 ..... 14% high among Texas cities in this category. Wholesaling and 21 - 44 . ..... 32% banking are two other prime contributors to the area's economy. 45 - 64 ..... 20% Midland College, a part of the Permian Junior College System, is 65 and over ..... 5% located here and the new University of Texas of the Permian Basin will be shared with the Odessa Metropolitan Area. The Midland ECONOMY County Museum and the Museum of the Southwest which include Cattle Distribution exhibits which relate to the past within the region are also Petrochemical Industry located here. Petroleum Distribution Wholesaling J/ Includes persons of Mexican and/or Spanish descent. REGION 18 MIDLAND CITY SIZE: METRO P U B L I C L Y A D M I N I S T E R E D R E C R E A T 1 0 N 0 P P 0 R T U N I T I E S LAND AND WATER ACREAGE ACRES REGION 18 STATEWIDE MIDLAND AVERAGE METRO METRO AREAS 60% Developed Land 307 1,307 REGION 18 Undeveloped Land 202 536 MIDLAND :::@ I METRO Total Land 509 1,843 40% Water Within or Adjacent 0 1,006 Total Land and Water .509 2,849 FM DEVELOPED LAND UNDEVELOPED LAND Midland has a total of 509 acres of land set aside.as park and recreation areas. No surface acres of water either within or adjacent to the parks were reported. 71% Of the total land acreage, 307 acres are developed with facilities, leaving 202 acres available for future STATEWIDE development. With 60 percent of the land acreage AVERAGE currently developed, Midland is below the Statewide METRO AREAS Metro average of 71 percent. 29% 6 0 T% 249 @d n H z m 0 ri 0 o @! 0 0@3, ti 0 Cl. 0 0 (D @l rt H. 0 10 (D CL p-;- cr (D :7' pv rt PV 0 PI PV' (D" m H Go m 0 co :3- 00 H. 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D) C- , 0 Z (D Oll CA 41 rt P. < -0 H 0 rt 00 (D (D @-i Ul 00 CL 0 "::Y, 0 kn 0 03 (n 10 -(D 00 %0 0 V GQ m C) 03 03 @-t 0 ca0 Z, -C@ H P't @r V ON C@ CD 00 0 co (D t, 0m 0 C> 0 03 ic @s (D :@ (D 03 V 0 CL rr t, n (D 03 @31 D3 Id (D0 25 P3 " 0 F- - : @o 0 0 co cl) 23 (D 0 rt" 00 M H 00 PV 4-- > 0 rt ON 4-1 =r 0 (D rt 0 00 0 o 0 0 C@ 0 0 ON CD > 0 DISPERSION OF PARKS BY TYPE E3 URBAN PARKS 13 DISTRICT PARK 0 COMMUNITY PARK MIDLAND SPECIALTY PARK 0 OPEN-LAND PARK 0 Source: 1971 Municipal Inventory Update 0 0 011-1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 REGION 18 MIDLAND AREA METRO BOUNDARY 1 1/2 0 1 251 REGION 18 MIDLAND CITY SIZE: METRO PARK AND RECREATION FACILITIES BY TYPE OF PARK UNITS PER THOUSAND DISTRICT COMMUNITY SPECIALTY PEOPLE REGION 18 STATEWIDE TYPE OF FACILITY PARK PARK PARK TOTAL PER MIDLAND AVERAGE (UNITS) (UNITS) (UNITS) UNITS UNIT METRO METRO AREAS Games and Sports: Parks .............................. 1 11 3 15 3,964 .254 .150 Tennis Courts ....................... 0 12 4 16 3,716 .271 .142 Basketball Courts .................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .071 Baseball/Softball Fields ........... 6 19 4 29 2,050 .491 .186 Football/Soccer Fields ............. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .032 Picnicking: Parks .............................. 1 0 0 1 59,463 .016 .124 Tables ............................. 69 0 0 69 862 1.169 1.230 Playground: Parks .............................. 1 12 8 21 2,831 .351 .170 Acres Developed .................... 3 13 14 30 1,982 .508 .258 Swimming: Parks .............................. 1 3 1 5 11,892 .084 .050 Pools (Sq. Yd.) .................... 660 1,200 150 2,010 30 34.067 25.950 Designated Fresh Water (Sq. Yd.)... 0 0 0 0 --- 52.242 Boating: Parks .............................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .006 Ramp Lanes --Fresh Water ........... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .008 Camping: Parks ............................... 1 0 0 1 59,463 .016 .002 Campsites .......................... 3 0 0 3 19,821 .050 .121 Fishing: Parks .............................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .013 Pier/Barge/Marina-Fresh Water (Yd.) 0 0 0 0 --- --- .049 Golfing: Courses ............................ 1 0 0 1 59,463 .016 .005 Holes .............................. 18 0 0 18 3,303 .305 .100 Trails: Parks .............................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .006 Nature (Mi.) ....................... 0 0 0 0 --- .009 Horseback (Mi.) .................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .003 Bicycle (Mi.) ...................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .007 Hiking (Mi.) ....................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .006 Total Trails (Mi.) ................. 0 0 0 .0 --- --- .021 252 REGION 18 MIDLAND PARK AND RECREATION FACILITIES BY TYPE OF PARK CITY SIZE: METRO UNITS PER THOUSAND DISTRICT COMMUNITY SPECIALTY PEOPLE REGION 18 STATEWIDE TYPE OF FACILITY . PARK PARK PARK TOTAL PER MIDLAND AVERAGE (UNITS) (UNITS) (UNITS) UNITS UNIT METRO METRO AREAS Sport Shooting: Parks ............................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .002 Traps ............................... 0 0 0 0 --- .002 Shooting Targets .................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .004 Archery Targets .................... . 0 0 0 0 --- --- .011 Miscellaneous: Parks ............................. 0 0 1 1 59,463 .016 .038 Amphitheatre Seats ................ 0 0 0 0 --- --- 1.077 Botanical Gardens (Acres) ......... 0 0 0 0 --- .077 Zoos (Acres) ...................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .051 Community/Recreation Centers ...... 0 0 1 59,463 .016 .038 The park and recreation facilities in Midland are distributed among all three of the park categories. However, the only picnicking, camping and golf facilities are in the one District Park. One community /recreation center was reported and that in a Specialty Park. Five parks have swimming pools totalling 2,010 square yards.' Of the 29 parks, 21 have playgrounds, 15 have games and sports facilities, and 5 have swimming pools. The only types of games and sports facilities are baseball/softball with 29 fields and tennis with 16 courts. Looking at the facilities in relation to the number of potential users we find the following: 59,463 persons for each community/recreation center 2,050 persons for each baseball/softball field 19,821 persons for each campsite 1,982 persons for each acre of playground 3,716 persons for each tennis court 862 persons for each picnic table 3,303 persons for each golf hole 30 persons for each square yard of swim ming pool Midland is above the Statewide Metro average for f acility units per 1,000 only for tennis courts, baseball/softball fields, playground acres, square yards of swimming pools and golf holes, while falling below the average for picnic tables, campsites and community/recreation centers. No basketball courts, football/soccer fields, designated fresh water swimming area, boat ramp lanes, yards of fishing pier/barge/marina, trail miles, sport shooting facilities, amphitheatre seats, acres of botanical gardens or zoo acreage were reported. 253 REGION 18 MIDLAND CONVERSION OF FACILITIES TO RECREATION OPPORTUNITY DAYS CITY SIZE: METRO Current opportunity days for,1971 were calculated by multiplying the number of facilities available for each activity in the metro area (determined from the Texas Outdoor Recreation Inventory of Parks, Recreation Areas, and Facilities) times the standard for the facility. DAYS PER THOUSAND POPULATION ANNUAL REGION STATEWIDE DAYS 18 AVERAGE ACTIVITY-FACILITY AVAILABLE MIDLAND METRO METRO Swimming (Pools) - square yards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301,500 5,110 3,891 Child's Play - playground acres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 828,690 14,046 7,137 Baseball/Softball - fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400,316 6,785 2,577 Picnicking - tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117,438 1,990 2,093 Football/Soccer - fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 235 Golf - holes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,846 1,235 414 Tennis - courts, double . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,104 731 384 Basketball - courts, full . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 625 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW - surface acres . . . . . . 0 0 2,962 Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW - boat ramps . . . . . . . . 0 103 Trail Activities: Combined Walking, Bicycling, and Nature Study - miles . . . . 0 0 164 The Midland Metro Area offers the most opportunity days for child's play, followed by baseball/softball and swimming (in pools). A comparison between the opportunity days per thousand population for the Midland Metro Area and the Statewide Metro average shows that the Midland Metro Area surpasses the statewide average for five of the activity types -- swimming (in pools), child's play, baseball/softball, golf and tennis. The Midland Metro Area is below the Statewide Metro average for picnicking, with no opportunity days available for football/soccer, basketball, surface acres for freshwater boating, boat fishing, and skiing, freshwater boat ramps and the trails activities. 254 REGION 18 MIDLAND ESTIMATED CURRENT AND FUTURE PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METRO The twentieth ranking metro area based on population, Midland ranked thirteenth in total participation for the year 1970. Estimates for 1970 indicate that residents and non-residents in the area spent over 2.7 million recreation days in pursuit of urban outdoor recreation opportunities available within the metro area. Resident Total days of participation in urban outdoor recreation activities by the residents of the Midland Metropolitan Area were estimated to be 2.6 million days in 1970. Total participation is expected to increase.to 3.3 million days in 1975 and to 4.1 million days in 1980. These projections represent increases of 29.1 percent by 1975 and 59.5 percent by 1980 over the 1970 participation level. Participation on a days per household basis is projected to increase 39.6 per- cent by 1975 and 78.5 percent by 1980 over the 1970 level. These percentages, compared to the 1970.1evel of 107.2 days, represent increases in 1975 to 149.7 days and in 1980 to 191.4 days. Relative to other metropolitan areas, participa- tion on a days per household basis is projected to be below the statewide averages by 16, 12, and 11 days in 1970, 1975, and 1980, respectively. Both the total days of participation and the days per household are expected to increase through the year 2000, but they will remain below the statewide average for all metropolitan areas. In 1970, the six most popular activities, based on total participation, were estimated to be: swimming, child 's play, walking, driving for pleasure, golf, and bicycling. The six most popular activities ' in 1975 were anticipated to be swim- ming, bicycling, walking, child's play, driving for pleasure, and golf. These activities are expected to hold their respective rankings through 1980. Of the 16 activities shown, 13 are expected to increase in days of total participa- tion. However, the activities of football and tennis are expected to decrease in participation through the year 2000. Fishing is expected to remain relatively constant through 2000. With respect to participation on a day s per household basis, all 16 activities are expected to increase in participation through the year 2000. Non-Resident Participation in urban outdoor recreation activities within the Midland Metropolitan Area by non-residents was estimated to total 169,000 days for the activities specified for 1970. Compared to the 1970 level, total participation is expected to remain-constant through 1975 and is expected to decrease .6 percent (to 168,000 days) by 1980. The projected years 1990 and 2000 indicate that participation will increase gradually through 2000. Of the specific activities projected, the most popular activities by non-residents for 1970 were: driving for pleasure, with 122,000 days, sightseeing, with 22,000 days; picnicking, with 11,000 days; child's play, with 5,000 days; and foot- ball, with 5,000 days. All activities are expected to remain relatively constant in participation through the year 2000 with driving for pleasure, sightseeing, picnicking, child's play, and football retaining their 1970 ranking of one through five, respectively. 255 REGION 18 HIDLAND CURRENT AND PROJECTED RESIDENT PARTICIPATION 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS (OOO'S OF ANNUAL ACTIVITY DAYS) 1970 1975 1980 1990 2000 STATE- STATE- STATE- STATE- STATE- REG.18 WIDE REG.18 WIDE REG.18 WI DE REG. 18 WIDE REG. 18 WIDE METROS METROS METROS METROS METROS METROS METROS METROS METROS METROS PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE ACTIVITY DAYS RANK DAYS/ DAYS/HH DAYS RANK DAYSMH DAYS/HH DAYS RANK DAYS/HH DAYS/HH DAYS RANK DAYS/HH DAYS/HH DAYS RANK DAYS/HH DAYS/HH Swimming 824 1 34.38 27.41 882 1 39.79 36.52 953 1 44.51 47.17 1,135 2 56.68 75.28 1,296 2 69.74 110.14 Child's Play 452 2 18.86 14.08 484 4 21.84 17.72 536 4 25.04 22.00 644 4 32.16 32.20 70 4 40.31 43.99 Baseball/Softball 56 8 2.34 2.78 60 9 2.71 3.19 64 10 2.99 3.59 74 11 3.70 4.41 83 11 4.47 5.22 Picnicking 84 7 3.50 5.72 84 7 3.79 5.66 87 9 4.06 5.66 95 9 4.74 5.61 102 9 5.49 5.64 Football/Soccer 5 16 .21 1.43 5 16 .23 1.42 5 16 .23 1.41 4 16 .20 1.39 4 16 .22 1.38 Golf 183 5 7.63 3.92 192 6 8.66 4.98 207 6 9.67 6.16 237 6 11.84 8.96 260 6 13.99 12.07 Tennis 26 11 1.08 6.06 25 13 1.13 9.21 25 14 1.17 11.49 24 14 1.20 16.07 23 15 1.24 21.46 Basketball 29 10 1.21 1.60 73 8 3.29 2.59 115 7 5.37 3.57 191 7 9.54 5.52 254 7 13.67 7.53 Walking 352 3 14.69 18.21 520 3 23.46 23.09 690 3 32.23 29.20 998 3 49.84 39.89 1,253 3 67.43 50.31 Bicycling 170 6 7.09 20.30 549 2 24.77 32.77 909 2 42.46 45.25 1,558 1 77.80 68.44 2,102 1 113.12 95.49. Nature Study 20 13 .83 .72 59 10 2.66 1.67 96 8 4.48 2.64 163 8 8.14 4.63 219 8 11.79 6.70 Fishing 43 9 1.79 1.80 42 11 1.90 1.88 42 12 1.96 1.97 43 12 2.15 2.13 43 13 2.31 2.30 Boating 21 12 .88 .88 35 12 1.58 1.60 49 11 2.29 2.31 75 10 3.75 3.74 96 10 5.17 5.17 Skiing 10 15 .42 .42 14 15 .63 .62 18 15 .84 .82 24 14 1.20 1.22 30 14 1.61 1.81 Surfing --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- __M. ___ --- --- --- --- --- --- Sightseeing 15 14 .63 2.25 20 14 .90 2.34 26 13 1.21 2.50 42 13 2.10 2.70 66 12 3.55 3.01 Dr. for Pleas. 280 4 11.68 13.38 274 5 12.36 13.52 276 5 12.89 13.67 283 5 14-.13 13.86 281 5 15.12 14,10 TOTAL 2,570 107.22 120.96 3,318 149.70 158.78 4,098 191.40 199.41 5,596 279.17 286.05 6,861 369.23 386.32 CURRENT AND PPOJECTED NON-RESIDENT PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 TOTAL CURRENT AND PROJECTED PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 (OOO'S OF ANNUAL ACTIVITY DAYS) (OOO'S OF ANNUAL ACTIVITY DAYS) ACTIVITY 1970 1975 1980 1990 2000 ACTIVITY 1970 1975 1980 1990 2000 Swimming 1 1 1 1 1 Swimming 825 883 954 1,136 1,297 Child's Play 5 5 5 5 5 Child's Play 457 489 541 649 754 Baseball/Softball I I 1 1 1 Baseball/Softball 57 61 65 75 84 Picnicking 11 11 10 11 11 Picnicking 95 95 97 105 113 Football/Soccer 5 5 5 5 5 Football/Soccer 10 10 10 9 9 Golf Golf 183 192 207 237 260 Tennis Tennis 26 25 25 24 23 Basketball Basketball 29 73 115 191 254 Walking 2 2 2 .2 2 Walking 354 522 692 1,000 1,255 Bicycling Bicycling 170 549 909 1,558 2,102 Nature Study Nature Study 20 59 96 163 219 Fishing Fishing 43 42 42 43 43 Boating Boating 21 35 49 75 96 Skiing Skiing 10 14 18 24 30 Surfing --- --- --- --- --- Surfing --- --- --- --- Sightseeing 22 22 22 23 23 Sightseeing 37 42 48 65 89 Dr. for Pleas. 122 122 122 123 125 Dr. for Pleas. 402 396 398 406 40 TOTAL 169 169 168 171 173 TOTAL 2,739 3,487 4,266 5,761 7,034 Note: Asterisks indicate that projected annual activity days were less than 500. Dashes indicate not applicable. Zeros indicate that the activity was not ranked due to insignificant participation days recorded. 256 REGION 18 MIDLAND R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS. 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 Estimates of urban outdoor recreation resource requirementslyere developed for the Midland Metropolitan Area for the years 1970, 1975, 1980 'J?90, and 2000 by comparing current-- and projected recreation participation with the 1971 recreation opportunities- available in'the metro. In addition, the availability and spatial distribution of recrea- tion opportunities provided by parks and recreation -facilities were analyzed with respect to subsections of the Midland Metro characterized by residents having similar incomes and ethnic backgrounds. Particular attention was given to those subsections expected to undergo relatively rapid population growth and physical expansion in the future. Conclusions reached from analyzing the distribution of recreation opportunities within the-metropolitan area were used to qualify resource requirement estimates where a less than adequate distribution appeared to exist. In the discussions that follow, results of the distribution analysis of parks within subsections of the Midland Metro Area are presented. Then, estimates of current and future requirements for selected recreation facilities are presented, and are qualified by conclusions reached from the distribution analysis of recreation facilities within subsections of the Midland Metro. PARK DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS In analyzing the availability and distribution of parks in the Midland Metro Area, several characteristics were con- sidered: changes in population (or trends in general, 1960 to 1970), areas of the metro which were expected to exhibit relatively major expansion, and the dispersion of existing parks among the income/ethnic subsections of the metro. From these interrelated characteristics general conclusions were reached with respect to future park developments for the metro area. Population trends affected estimations of future recreation participation. Projections of population growth for Midland indicated that the 1970 population of 59,463 would fluctuate only slightly through the year 2000. In addi- tion, information provided by urban recreation planners of the area showed that the major direction of future urban expansion was expected to occur in the northwest (illustrated by an arrow on the map, titled "Predominant Ethnic Background and Income Subsections 11). l/ "Current" participation refers to levels of participation by type of selected recreation activity@which were estimated,for the year 1970. 2/ "Current" recreation opportunities refers to computed figures derived from the numbers of publicly@administered facilities by type available within the metro area in 1971. 257 REGION 18 MIDLAND R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S, CITY SIZE: NETROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 For the Midland Metropolitan Area, local metro area recreation planners delineated six subsections which are indicated on the accompanying map titled "Predominant Ethnic Background and Income Subsections." The delineated subsections characterize the homogeneous residential, or demographic, patternsexisting in 1971 by two major socio-economic factors. There were three low-income subsections, one each characterized chiefly by Anglo, Black, and Mexican American residents, all of which were in the southeastern one-third of the metro area. Two of the subsections were predominantly characterized by middle-income residents. One was a predominantly Black subsection located in the northeastern portion of the metro, and the other was predominantly Anglo and located in the southwest. The remaining subsection was a large predominantly high-income Anglo area in the northwestern portion of the metro. An analysis of parks dispersion among the subsections was conducted by comparing the "Dispersion of Parks by Type" map with the "Predominant Ethnic.Backgro,und and Income Subsections" map. Overall, Midland appeared to have very good distribution of the existing parks with all six subsections having at least two parks each. There were only three open land parks in the metro. Two of the parks were located in the metro center, and the other was on the northwest edge of the metro. Parks of this type should be considered for the remainder of the metro when resources are avail- able. In general, parks with recreational facilities appear to be most needed in the northwest toward the area of expected major growth and in the south. In addition to maintaining an adequate dispersion of parks in all portions of the metro area, the provision of differ- ent types of recreational facilities in parks is also an important consideration. An analysis of the current and future requirements for selected recreational facilities and the current dispersion of facilities in the Midland Metro is presented in the following discussions. FACILITY REQUIREMENTS AND DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS As mentioned previously, requirements for selected recreational facilities (see the following table) were calculated for the years 1970, 1975, 1980, 1990, and 2000. Then, an analysis of the dispersion of existing facilities among the predominant income/ethnic subsections and the major growth area of the metro was conducted. Conclusions reached from the facility dispersion analysis were then used to qualify the facility requirement estimates, particularly in those cases where no additional facilities were estimated as being needed within the metropolitan area. Usually, special note is made where growth areas appeared to have limited facilities. The methodology used to calculate facility requirements in general is explained in Appendix C, Part I--An Overview of the Urban Volume. In the discus.sions that follow, resource requirements for recreational facilities are generally referred to by units of the most important feature necessary to allow participation. For example, when a requirement is shown for swimming pools, features such as a bathhouse, cleaning and filtering system, and other support features are implied when a require- ment for the major facility is shown. 258 o CM CL M CL w 2 @F u c 0 :11 c 0 :7 71, th LLJ cc co g6sz r- 0 47, z cot 42 a ul LU . . . ..... . ... . .. ........ cr- 0-1 0 ............ .. 4-01 . . . . . . . . . . . LU . . ....... Q) .... .... .. ........ . . ..... . cr. (D Y- 0 0 I..- S LU 1 0 0 0 z z z IL 1"000 REGION 18 MIDLAND R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q'U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 Swimming Midland had 2,010 square yards of public swimming pools in 1971. Each square yard (unit) was estimated to provide 150 days of swimming opportunity per year which yielded an estimated 302,000 opportunity days. To determine if there was a surplus or deficit of opportunity, estimated participation days and estimated opportunity days were compared. For swimming there appeared to be a deficit of 3,160 square yards in 1970, and deficits were shown in each planning year thereafter. By 1975 the metro area was estimated to require an additional 360 square yards of pools and 447 square yards by 1980. Cumulative 1980 requirements were estimated at 3,967 square yards. Incremental requirements of 1,146 square yards and 1,000 square yards were estimated for 1990 and 2000, respectively. Public outdoor swimming pools appeared to be absent in the high-income Anglo subsection in the northern portion of Midland and in the low- income Mexican-American subsection in east central Midland. Child's Play Midland in 1971 had thirty acres of playground divided among twenty-one parks within the metro boundary. Multiplying the thirty acres by the playground standard (each acre was calculated to provide 27,623 days of recreation opportunity per unit per year) provided an estimated 829,000 annual opportunity (potential participation) days. Annual oppor- tunity days were then compared with forecasted participation days as shown in the Midland resource requirements table. The existing playground areas appear to be adequate for all planning horizon years. Since the existing playgrounds were relatively well distributed among the subsections, additional playground areas should be similarly dispersed with emphasis placed on the major growth area. Baseball/Softball With an existing twenty-nine baseball/softball fields providing approximately 400,00 '0 opportunity days (the facility standard utilized was 13,804 opportunity days provided per field each year), the Midland Metropolitan Area appears to have a sufficient quantity of fields to meet the activity requirements of their baseball/softball recreationists through the year 2000. Although a dispersion analysis was not possible from information available for 1971, con- sideration should be given to providing a balanced distribution which takes into account the growth area and income/ ethnic subsections, when allocating additional facilities. Picnicking There were sixty-nine public picnic tables in Midland in 1971. At 1,702 days of opportunity per table per year (standard) the existing tables provided approximately 117,000 days annually. Although the existing number of tables was expected to provide adequate overall opportunity through the year 2000, all of the tables were located in the district park in the northeastern corner of the metro. In the provision of additional facilities, areas other than northeastern Midland should be considered at present as well as in the future. 260 REGION 18 MIDLAND R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE- METROS 1 9 7 0 @ 2 0 0 0 Football/Soccer Information provided in 1971 indicates that there were no public f optball /soccer fields in Midland in 1971. Estimates of the number of participation days suggest that the provision of one field, located so as to maximize access (rela- tive to income/ethnic subsections and the major growth area), should be adequate through the year 2000. IG if 10 The district park located in the extreme northeastern corner of the metro provided an 18 hole public golf course in 1971. Using the urban golf standard, each golf hole was calculated to be capable of providing 4,047 days of recrea- tion opportunity annually. Midland golfers, then, should have had about 73,000 days of opportunity provided by this public course. Comparing the estimated participation with the available opportunity days shows that the golfers would have required an additional twenty-seven holes (at least three nine-hole courses) in 1970. Incrementally, additions of 2, 4, 8, and 5 holes would be required in the years 1975, 1980, 1990, and 2000, respectively, to meet expected inc'reases in golfing participation. As a general rule, golf courses are constructed in multiples of nine holes; therefore, it was estimated that by the year 2000, the Midland Metro Area will need five additional nine-hole courses (forty-five holes) or two eighteen-hole courses and a nine-hole course, or some appropriate combination which con- siders local resources. In view of the location of the existing course, areas of the metro other than northeastern Midland should be considered in the allocation of additional courses. Tennis The 43,000 opportunity days provided by the sixteen public tennis courts available in 1971 (each court can make avail- able about 2,694 days of opportunity per year) apparently were adequate to meet facility requirements for Midland through the year 2000. Although a dispersion analysis of these facilities could not be made from available data, it is important that a balanced distribution (relative to income-ethnic subsections and the major growth area) be considered in the allocation of additional facilities. Basketball Based on a standard of 8,795 days per year per court, an estimated three courts would have been required in 1970 to adequately accommodate demand. Information indicates that there were no publicly-administered basketball courts available in Midland in 1971. Incremental resource requirements were estimated to be 5 courts in 1975, 5 courts in 1980, 9 courts in 1990, and 7 courts in the year 2000; this brings the cumulative resource requirement to 29 courts by the year 2000. Although a dispersion analysis was not possible, the various income/ethnic subsections and the major growth area should be considered in the allocation of additional basketball facilities. 261 REGION 18 MIDLAND R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: NETROS 1 9 7 0 2 0 0 0 Trails Activities In 1971, Midland reported no miles of,designated tra3' -1, and projected participation for walking, bicycling, and nature study occurring in the park and recreation areas indicates that approximately six miles of combined trails were needed in 1970. Given the expected participation growth in the trails activities, incremental additions were projected to increase by 5 miles in 1975, 4 miles in 1980, 9 miles in 1990, and 7 miles in 2000. overall, a total of thirty-one miles of combined trails should be added by the year 2000 to. meet expected participation levels. A relatively small proportion of the total participation in trail and related activities was estimated to take place in publicly administered park and recreation areas. It is likely, however, that as trail facilities are provided, the relative proportion of total participation will increase at these recreation areas. Thus, the above estimates of resources required may be conservative in the long run and should be considered as minimum.estimates. In addition to the expectations for increases in participation in trail and related activities at publicly administered park and recreation areas, it is clear that the major proportion of walking, bicycling, and nature study is occurring in places other than established recreation areas. The majority of this participation is most likely taking place in local neighborhoods; on city streets, and on available open lands within the area. This phenomenon has direct policy implications with respect to the provision of sidewalks within currently existing and newly developing neigh- borhoods, the development of a system of bike lanes in high use areas, and the provision of adequate open space and green belt areas withinthe metro area. Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing Surface Acres-Freshwater Lakes (Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing) No surface acres of freshwater lakes were reported available for water-related recreation within the Midland Metro Area in 1971. Using participation patterns of the households recreating within the urban areas, it was estimated that a total of 40,000 days of freshwater boating, boat fishing, and skiing participation would have occurred in 1970 if adequate freshwater lakes had been available. Of these 40,000 days, 21,000 were boating participation days, 9,000 were boat fishing days, and 10,000 were skiing days. Projections developed for the water-related activities indicate incremental resource requirements of 96 surface acres in 1970, 43 surface acres in 1975, 43 surface acres in 1980, 77 surface acres in 1990, and 65 surface acres in 2000. This brings the cumulative resource requirement to 324 surface acres by the year 2000. 262 REGION 18 MIDLAND R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 Freshwater Boat Rampsi/ No publicly-administered freshwater boat lanes were reported for the Midland Metro Area in 1971. By estimating the 1970 total freshwater boat fishing, skiing, and boating participation which would have occurred using freshwater boat ramp facilities to gain access to the water if ramps were available, it was calculated that one boat ramp was needed in 1970. Projected increases in freshwater boat fishing, skiing, and boating participation are expected to require one additional freshwater boat ramp in 1975, none in 1980, one in 1990, and one in the year 2000, bringing the cumulative resource requirement to four ramps in 2000. Since boat ramps are the most frequently used means by which boaters, skiers, and boat fishermen gain access to freshwater lakes, the provision of freshwater surface acres and freshwater boat ramps required should be planned as joint projects, even though, in some cases, this may require the construction of boat ramps prior to the years reflected in the boat ramp resource requirement projections. Summary of Facilities Requirements Information provided in 1971 indi6ates that there were no public football/soccer fields, basketball courts, designated trails, surface acres of freshwater lakes, or freshwater boat ramps. Resource requirements were indicated for all, or nearly all, planning horizon years for basketball courts, trail facilities, acres of freshwater lakes, and fresh- water boat ramps. The provision of one football/soccer field was estimated to be required to adequately accommodate demand through the year 2000. In terms of water-oriented recreation, low annual rainfall rates an"d very high evapora- tion rates in many parts of West Texas makes the construction of freshwater lakes difficult. To augment existing facilities, additional square yards of swimming pool, and additional holes of golf were calculated to be required in each planning horizon year. Existing facilities for child's play, baseball/softball, picnicking, and tennis were estimated to be adequate through the year 2000, for the metro as a whole. A dispersion analysis was possible only for a few facility types. Public outdoor swimming pools appeared to be absent in the high-income Anglo subsection in the northern portion of the metro and in the low-income Mexican-American sub- section in east central Midland. Although the number of public picnic tables was estimated to be adequate for the metro as a whole, all of the facilities were located in the district park in the extreme northeastern part of Midland. This same park also had the only public golf course; consequently, if additional picnicking facilities or golf courses are provided, areas of the metro,other than Northeast Midland should be taken into consideration. Playground facil- ities appeared to be reasonably well distributed in 1971 l/ In calculating freshwater boat ramp resource requirements the assumption was made that each boat ramp has two lanes. Supply figures listed in the "Park and Recreation Facilities by Type of Park" table and quoted in the narratives are in terms of single lanes. 263 REGION 18 MIDLAND RECREATION RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS TOTAL 1971 OPPORTUNITY NET OPPORTUNITY DAYS PARTICIPATION DAYS AVAILABLE (OOO'S OF . UNITS OF RECREATION (OOO'S OF (0001S OF ACTIVITY DAYS) RESOURCES REQUIRED YEAR ACTIVITY ACTIVITY DAYS ACTIVITY DAYS DEFICIT SURPLUS CUMULATIVE INCRI24ENTAL Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 776 1/ 302 474 3,160 square yards 2/ 3,160 square yards, 2/ Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 457 829 372 0acres 0acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 57 400 343 0fields 0fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 117 22 0tables 0tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 0 10 1field 1field Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .183 73 110 27 holes 27 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 43 17 0courts, dbl. 0courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 0 29 3courts, full 3courts, full 1970 Water-Related Activities: I Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 40 0 40 96 surfar acres 96 surface acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW 30 0 30 1 3 1ramp-3 Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 4/ 5miles 5miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 -41 1mile 1mile Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4/ <1 mile <1 mile Combined Walking, Bicycling, 4/ Nature Study, 48 - 0 48 6miles 6miles ACTIVITY Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 830 1/ 302 528 3,520 square yards' 2/ 360 square yards 2/ Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 489 829 340 0acres 0acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 61 400 339 0fields 0fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 117 22 0tables 0tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 0 10 1field 0fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 73 119 29 holes 2holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 43 18 0courts, dbl. 0courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 0 73 8courts, full 5courts, full 1975 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 58 0 58 139 surfa�? acres 43 surfas? acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW 43 0 43 2ramps- 1ramp Trails Activities: 4/ Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 7miles 2miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 3miles 2miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 1mile Imile Combined Walking, Bicycling, 4/ 0 89 11 miles 5miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 89 - 264 REGION 18 MIDLAND RECREATION RESOURCE REQUIREHENTS, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS TOTAL 1971 OPPORTUNITY NET OPPORTUNITY DAYS PARTICIPATION DAYS AVAILABLE (OOO'S OF UNITS OF RECREATION (OOO'S OF (OOO'S OF ACTIVITY DAYS) RESOURCES REQUIRED YEAR ACTIVITY ACTIVITY DAYS) ACTIVITY DAYS DEFICIT SURPLUS CUMULATIVE INCR24ENTAL Swimming (Pools) . . . ... . . . . . . 897 1/ 302 595 3,967 square yards, 2/ 447 square yardsv Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 541 829 288 0 acres 0acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 65 400 335 0 fields 0fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 117 20 0 tables 0tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 0 10 1 field 0fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 73 134 33 holes 4holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 43 18 0 courts, dbl. 0courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 0 115 13 courts, full 5courts, full 1980 Water-Related Activities: - Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 76 0 76 182 surfas? acres 43 surfas? acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 55 0 55 2 ramps- 0ramps- Trails Activities: 73 4/ 9 miles 2miles Walking . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 41 4 miles Imile Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 2 miles 1mile Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Combined Walking, Bicycling, 4/ Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 128 0 128 15 miles 4miles ACTIVITY Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 1,068 1/ 302 767 5,113 square yards, 2/ 1,146 square yards 2/ Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 649 829 180 0 acres 0acres Baseball/Softball . . . . ... . . . . . 75 400 325 0 fields 0fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 117 11 0 tables 0tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 0 9 1 field 0fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 73 164 41 holes 8holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 43 19 0 courts, dbl. 0courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 0 191 22 courts, full 9courts, full 1990 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 108 0 108 259 surface acres 77 surface acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 77 0 77 3 ramps-3/ Iramp3-/ Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 4/ 13 miles 4miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 @/ 7 miles 3miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 4/ 4 mile s 2miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, 4/ Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 200 0 200 24 miles 9miles 265 REGION 19 MIDLAND RECREATION RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS TOTAL 1971 OPPORTUNITY NET OPPORTUNITY DAYS PARTICIPATION DAYS AVAILABLE (OOO'S OF UNITS OF RECREATION (OOO'S OF (OOO'S OF ACTIVITY DAYS) RESOURCES REQUIRED YEAR ACTIVITY ACTIVITY DAYS) ACTIVITY DAYS) DEFICIT SURPLUS -CUMULATIVE INCREMENTAL Swimming (Pools) ... . . . . . . . . . 1,219 l/ 302 917 6,113 square yards-2/ 1,000 square yards-2/ Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 754 829 75 0 acres 0 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 84 400 316 0 fields -0 fields Picnicking ... . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 117 4 0 tables 0 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 r 9 1 field 0 fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260 187 46 holes 5 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 43 20 0 courts, dbl. 0 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . 254 0 254 29 courts, full 7 courts, full 2000 Water-Related Activities: 135 0 135 324 surfaS7 acres 65 surfac7 acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 3 Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW 95 0 95 4 ramps-- 1 ram, Trails Activities: 4/ Walking . . . . . . . . ... . . . . 132 16 miles 3 miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 4/ 10 miles 3 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 - 5 miles 1 mile Combined Walking, Bicycling, 4/ 260 31 miles 7 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 260 - 0 I/ Includes only swimming participation occurring in swimming pools, 94 percent of the total in urban areas. 2/ Designated freshwater swimming areas may be substituted for swimming pools. When making substitutions consider total swimming participation. 3/ Assumes 2.0 lanes per ramp. 4/ Reflects estimated participation occurring in park and recreation areas; does not include participation occurring outside park and recreation areas. Of the total walking, bicycling, and nature study participation it was determined that 10.5, 4.0, and 20.1 percent, respectively for each activity, occurs in park and recreation areas. 266 04 U) o2 U) LIJ 1z 0. cn Lu w 2 o Oils GO REGION 18 REGIONAL DESCRIPTION: ODESSA METROPOLITAN AREA Odessa, the county seat of Ector County, was founded in 1881 with POPULATION the coming of the Texas & Pacific Railway. Legend says that the 1970 Metro Area Population: 78,380 city got its name from the Russian railroad workers who were Change 1960-70: -2% working on the line, because of the wide, flat prairies of the Race Composition j/ local terrain which reminded them of their native Odessa, Russia. White ..... 937.- This metropolitan area is located in the heart of the vast oil- Negro ..... 6% rich area known as the Permian Basin, a magic oval created by the Other ..... 1% Permian Sea thousands of years ago. The Odessa Metropolitan Area Age Composition (years): is the home of the largest inland petrochemical complex in the 13 or less ..... 29% nation. Its economy is based upon the oil and petrochemical 14 - 20 ..... 14% industry. 21 - 44 ..... 33% 45 - 64 ..... 19% Odessa College, a part of the Permian Junior College System, is 65 and over ..... 5% located here and the new University of Texas of the Permian Basin which is scheduled to open in 1973 will be shared with the Midland ECONOMY Metropolitan Area. The Odessa Metropolitan Area is also rich in Industry culture. It is the home of the only Shakespeare Festival in the Petrochemical Plants Southwest, held annually during the summer months. Other note- Petroleum worthy attractions include the Globe Theater, the Presidential Museum, and the Prairie Dog Park. Annual events here include: (1) the Shrine Circus (January), (2) the West Texas Relays (March), (3) the Rattlesnake Round-up (may), and, (4) the Ice Capades (September). l/ Includes persons of Mexican and/or Spanish descent. 268 REGION 18 ODESSA CITY SIZE: METRO P U B L I C L Y A D M I N I S T E R E D R E C R E A T 1 0 N 0 P P 0 R T U N I T I E S LAND AND WATER ACREAGE ACRES REGION 18 STATEWIDE ODESSA AVERAGE METRO METRO AREAS .86% Developed Land 191 1,307 REGION 18 1 ODESSA Undeveloped Land 30 536 METRO Tot.a Lan 221 1,843 14% Water Within or Adjacent 0 1,006 Total Land and Water 221 2,849 DEVELOPED LAND UNDEVELOPED LAND Odessa has a total of 221 acres of land set aside as park and recreation areas. No surface acres of water either within or adjacent to the parks were reported. 71% Of the total land acreage, 191 acres are developed with facilities, leaving 30 acres available for future STATEWIDE development. With 86 percent of the land acreage AVERAGE - currently developed,.Odessa is well above the Statewide METRO AREAS Metro average of 71 percent. 29% 8 6 T-1. 7 1 T1- 269 REGION 18 ODESSA CITY SIZE: METRO PARKS AND ACREAGE BY TYPE OF PARK STATEWIDE DISTRICT COMMUNITY SPECIALTY OPEN LAND AVERAGE PARK PARK PARK PARK TOTAL METRO AREAS Number of Parks 3.000 13.000 3.000 4.000 23.000 72.000 Parks Per Thousand .038 .167 .038 .051 .293 .267 People Per Park 26,127.000 6,029.000 26,127.000 19,595.000 3,408.000 3,754.000 ............................................................................ 6 .................................... Land Acres 125.000 87.000 5.000 4.000 221.000 1,843.000 Acres Per Thousand 1.603 1.115 .064 .051 2.820 6.864 People Per Acre 627.000 901.000 15,676.000 19,595.000 355.000 146.000 The 23 parks in Odessa are all under the administration of the county. Thirteen of these parks are Community Parks followed by four Open Land Parks. The District and Specialty Park categories have three parks each. More than one-half of the total acreage is in District Parks. The thirteen Community Parks average about seven acres each while the Specialty and Open Land Parks have a total of 5 and 4 acres, respectively. The dispersion of the four types of urban parks are depicted graphically in the accompanying map titled "Dispersion of Parks by Typre.11 Looking at the total park and acreage figures in relation to the population of Odessa, .293 parks per 1,000 and 2.820 acres per 1,000 population exist. Another way to present this data is that 3,408 people share each park while 355 people must share each acre of park land. With .293 parks per 1,000, Odessa is just above the Statewide Metro average. However, the 2.820 acres per 1,000 gives Odessa a figure of less than half that of the Statewide Metro average for acres per 1,000. 270 DISPERSION OF PARKS BY TYPE URBAN PARKS 0 DISTRICT PARK 0 COMMUNITY PARK SPECIALTY PARK OPEN-LAND PARK Source: 1971 Municipal Inventory Update 0 0 0 0 0 5 ODESSA Pop 78,380 0 0 0 0 385 0 0 0 .0 \ 0 0 13 REGION 18 ODESSA AREA METRO BOUNDARY 1/2 0 1 2 3 271 REGION 18 ODESSA CITY SIZE: METRO PARK AND RECREATION FACILITIES BY TYPE OF PARK UNITS PER THOUSAND DISTRICT COMMUNITY SPECIALTY PEOPLE REGION 18 STATEWIDE TYPE OF FACILITY PARK PARK PARK TOTAL PER ODESSA AVERAGE Games and Sports: (UNITS) (UNITS) (UNIITS) UNITS UNIT METRO - METRO AREAS Parks .............................. 2 13 0 15 5,225 .192 .150 Tennis Courts ...................... 4 13 0 17 4,611 .218 .142 Basketball Courts .................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .071 Baseball/Softball Fields ........... 6 12 0 18 4,354 .231 .186 Football/Soccer Fields ............. 1 3 0 4 19,595 .051 .032 Picnicking: Parks .............................. 3 8 0 11 7,125 1.410 .124 Tables ............................. 167 31 0 198 396 2.538 1.230 Playground: Parks .............................. 3 13 2 18 4,354 .231 .170 Acres Developed .................... 11 7 2 20 3,919 .256 .258 Swimming: Parks .............................. 3 1 0 4 19,595 .051 .050 Pools (Sq. Yd.) .................... 2,700 555 0 3,255 24 41.730 25.950 Designated Fresh Water (Sq. Yd.)... 0 0 0 0 --- --- 52.242 Boating: Parks .............................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .006 Ramp Lanes - Fresh Water ........... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .008 Camping: Parks .............................. 0 1 0 1 78,380 .013 .002 Campsites .......................... 0 .0 0 0 --- --- .121 Fishing: Parks .............................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .013 Pier/Barge/Marina-Fresh Water (Yd.) 0 0 0 0 --- --- .049 Golfing: Courses ............................ 0 0 0 0 --- --- .005 Holes .............................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .100 Trails: Parks .............................. 1 0 0 1 78,380 .013 .006 Nature (Mi.) ........................ 0 0 0 0 --- .009 korseback (Mi.) .................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .003 Bicycle (Mi.) ...................... 1.5 0 0 1.5 52,253 .019 .007 Hiking (Mi.) ....................... 1.5 0 0 1.5 52,253 .019 .006 Total Trails (Mi.). ................ 1.5 0 0 1.5 52,253 .019 .021 272, REGION 18 ODESSA PARK AND RECREATION FACILITIES BY TYPE OF PARK CITY SIZE: METRO UNITS PER THOUSAND DISTRICT COMMUNITY SPECIALTY PEOPLE REGION 18 STATEWIDE TYPE OF FACILITY PARK PARK PARK TOTAL PER ODESSA AVERAGE (UNITS) (UNITS) (UNITS) UNITS UNIT METRO METRO AREAS Sport Shooting: Parks ............................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .002 Traps ............................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .002 Sh'poting Targets .................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .004 Archery Targets .................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .011 Miscellaneous: Parks .... ......................... 1 3 1 5 15,676 .064 .038 Amphitheatre Seats ................ 500 300 0 800 98 10.256 l.b77 Botanical Gardens (Acres) ......... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .077 Zoos (Acres) ...................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .051 Community/Recreation Centers ...... 1 3 1 5 15,676 .064 .038 Most of the park and recreation facilities in Odessa are in Community or District Parks. The three Specialty Parks have only a community/recreation center and two playgrounds. 'The District Park category contains trail facilities, while the Community Park category contains a park with camping permitted although no specific camping facilities were reported. A total of 800 amphitheatre seats were reported in Odessa. Of the 23 parks, 18 have playgrounds, 15 have facilities for games and sports, 11 have picnicking facilities and 4 have swimming pools. The most common types of games and sports facilities are baseball/softball with 18 fields, tennis with 17 courts and football/soccer with 4 fields. Looking at selected facilities in relation to the number of potential users we find the following: 52,253 persons for each mile of trails 4,354 persons for each baseball/softball field 19,595 persons for each football/soccer field 3,919 persons for each acre of playground 15,676 persons for each community/recreation center 396 persons for each picnic table 4,611 persons for each tennis court 24 persons for each square yard of swimming pool Odessa is above the Statewide Metro average for facility units per 1,000 for tennis courts, baseball/softball fields, football/soccer fields, picnic tables, square yards of swimming pools, amphitheatre seats, and community/recreation centers. Odessa is below the average for playground acres and trail miles., No basketball courts, designated fresh water swimming area, boat ramp lanes, campsites, yards of fishing pier/barge/marina, golf holes, sport shooting facilities, acres of botanical gardens or zoo acreage were reported. 273 REGION 18 ODESSA CONVERSION OF FACILITIES TO RECREATION OPPORTUNITY DAYS CITY SIZE: METRO Current opportunity days for 1971 were calculated by multiplying the number of facilities availab-le for each activity in the metro area (determined from the Texas Outdoor Recreation Inventory of Parks, Recreation Areas, and Facilities) times the standard for the facility. DAYS PER THOUSAND POPULATION ANNUAL REGION STATEWIDE DAYS 18 AVERAGE ACTIVITY-FACILITY AVAILABLE ODESSA METRO METRO Swimming (Pools) - square yards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488,250 6,260 3,891 .Child's Play - playground acres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552,460 7,083 7,137 Baseball/Softball - fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248,472 3,186 2,577 Picnicking - tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336,996 4,320 2,093 Football/Soccer fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,896 370 235 Golf - holes . * ' * ' * * . * * * * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 414 Tennis - courts, double . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,798 587 384 Basketball - courts, full . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 625 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW - surface acres . . . . . .. 0 0 2,962 Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW - boat ramps . . . . . . . . 0 0 103 Trail Activities: Combined Walking, Bicycling, and Nature Study - miles 12,696 163 164 The Odessa Metro Area offers the most opportunity days for child's play, followed by swimming (in pools), picnicking, and baseball/softball. A comparison between the opportunity days per thousand population for the Odessa Metro Area and the Statewide Metro average shows that the Odessa Metro Area surpasses the.statewide average for five of the activity types -- swimming (in pools), baseball/softball, picnicking, football/soccer, and tennis. The Odessa Metro Area is below the Statewide Metro average for child's play and the trails activities, with no opportunity days avail- able for golf, basketball, surface acres for freshwater boating, boat fishing and skiing and freshwater boat ramps. 274 REGION 18 ODESSA ESTIMATED CURRENT AND FUTURE PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METRO The sixteenth ranking rnetro area, based on population, Odessa ranked twenty-first in total participation for the year 1970. Estimates for 1970 indicate that residents and non-residents in the area spent over 1.7 million recrea- tion days in pursuit of urban outdoor recreation opportunities available within the metro area. Resident For the 16 activities shown, total participation in urban outdoor recreation activities by the residents of the Odessa Metropolitan Area is expected to increase, as compared to the 1970 level of nearly 1.6 million days, by 32.3 percent to nearly 2.1 mil'lion days by 1975 and by67.1 percent to 2.6 million days by 1980. Participation on a days per household basis is projected to increase from 86.7 days in 1970 to 122.9 days in 1975, and to 159.7 days in 1980-- increases of 41.8 and 84.3 percent, respectively, over the 1970 level. Residents of the Odessa Metropolitan Area are expected to participate at a rate of 37, 39, and 43 days per household below the statewide average for the other Texas metropolitan areas in 1970, 1975, and 1980, respectively. For the more distant years of 1990 and 2000, both total days of participation and days per household are expected to increase at substantial rates, but will remain below the statewide average for all metropolitan areas. Projections for specific activities indicate that 14 of the 16 activities will increase in total days of participa- tion through the years 1975 and 1980, the exceptions being football and tennis, which are declining. Participation on a days per household basis is expected to increase in 15 activities by 1980, while participation in football will decrease slightly. In 1970, the six most popular activities, based on total participation, were estimated to be: swimming, driving for pleasure, child's play, walk:rng, bicycling, and golf, respectively. By 1975, the six most popular in order of preference, will be bicycling, walking, swimming, child's play, driving for pleasure, and golf. These six activities are expected to hold their respective rankings through 1980. Non-Resident Participation in urban outdoor recreation activities within the Odessa Metropolitan Area by non-residents was esti- mated to total 110,000 days for the activities specified for 1970. Compared to the 1970 level, total participation is expected to remain at this level through the year 2000. Of the specific activities projected, the most popular activities by non-residents for 1970 were: sightseeing, with 32,000 days; driving for pleasure, with 25,000 days; football, with 21,000 days; child's play, with 14,000 days; and 'picnicking, with 9,000 days. Assuming adequate facilities are made available, all activities are expected to remain fairly constant through the year 2000 with no changes from 1970 expected in the order of popularity. 275 REGION 18 ODESSA CURRENT AND PROJECTED RESIDENT PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: NETROS (OOO'S OF ANNUAL ACTIVITY DAYS) 1970 1975 1980 1990 2000 STATE- STATE- STATE- STATE- STATE- REG.18 WIDE REG.18 WIDE REG. I WIDE REG. 18 WIDE REG. 18 WIDE METROS NETROS METROS =ROS METROS METROS METROS METROS METROS METROS PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE ACTIVITY DAYS RANK DAYS/ DAYS/HH DAYS RANK DAYS/HH DAYS/HH DAYS RANK DAYS/HH DAYS/HH DAYS RANK DAYS/HH DAYS/HH DAYS RANK DAYS/HH DAYS/HH Swimming 326 1 17.98 27.41 335 3 19.81 36.52 357 3 21.72 47.17 410 3 26.30 75.28 458 3 31.15 110.14 Child's Play 234 3 12.91 14.08 249 4 14.72 17.72 274 4 16.67 22.00 332 4 21.30 32.20 391 4 26.59 43.99 Baseball/Softball 44 8 2.43 2.78 46 10 2.72 3.19 49 10 2.98 3.59 57 12 3.66 4.41 65 12 4.42 5.22 Picnicking 82 7 4.52 5.72 81 7 4.79 5.66 84 7 5.11 5.66 93 9 5.97 5.61 101 10 6.87 5.64 Football/Soccer 7 16 .39 1.43 6 16 .35 1.42 6 16 .37 1.41 6 16 .38 1.39 5 16 .34 1.38 Golf 87 6 4.80 3.92 90 6 5.32 4.98 98 6 5.96 6.16 113 7 7.25 8.96 127 8 8.64 12.07 Tennis 17 13 .94 6.06 16 14 .95 9.21 15 14 .91 11.49 15 15 .96 16.07 14 15 .95 21.46 Basketball 35 9 1.93 1.60 53 8 3.13 2.59 71 9 4.32 3.57 105 8 6.74 5.52 134 7 9.11 7.53 Walking 215 4 11.86 18.21 350 2 20.69 23.09 484 2 29.45 29.20 733 2 47.02 39.89 950 2 64.61 50.31 Bicycling 166 5 9.16 20.30 453 1 26.78 32.77 731 1 44.47 45.25 1,245 1 79.86 68.44 1,694 1 115.21 95.49 Nature Study 26 12 1.43 .72 51 9 3.02 1.67 75 8 4.56 2.64 120 6 7.70 4.63 159 6 10.81 6.70 Fishing 33 10 1.82 1.80 32 12 1.89 1.88 32 13 1.95 1.97 33 13 2.12 2.13 34 13 2.31 2.30 Boating 16 14 .88 .88 27 13 1.60 1.60 38 12 2.31 2.31 58 11 3.72 3.74 76 11 5.17 5.17 Skiing 8 15 .44 .42 10 15 .59 .62 13 15 .79 .82 19 14 1.22 1.22 24 14 1.63 1.81 Surfing --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- Sightseeing 27 11 1.49 2.25 33 11 1.95 2.34 42 11 2.56 2.50 69 10 4.43 2.70 108 9 7.35 3.01 Dr. for Pleas. 248 2 13*68 13.38 247 5 14.60 13.52 256 5 15.57 13.67 2h 5 18.03 13.86 306 5 -20.81 14.10 TOTAL 1,571 86.66 120.96 2,079 122.91 158.78 2,625 159.70 199.41 3,689 236.66 286.05 4,646 315.97 386.32 CURRENT AND PROJECTED NON-RESIDENT PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 TOTAL CURRENT AND PROJECTED PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 (OOO'S OF ANNUAL ACTIVITY DAYS) (OOO'S OF ANNUAL ACTIVITY DAYS) ACTIVITY 1970 1975 1980 1990 2000 ACTIVITY 1970 1975 1980 1990 2000 Swimming 3 3 3 3 4 Swimming 329 338 360 413 462 Child's Play 14 14 14 14 16 Child's Play 248 263 2.88 346 407 Baseball/Softball 1 1 1 1 11 Baseball/Softball 45 47 50 58 66 Picnicking 9 9 9 9 10 Picnicking 91 90 93 102 ill FootballtSoccer 21 21 21 21 24 Football/Soccer 28 27 27 27 29 Golf 3 3 3 3 Golf 90 93 101 116 130 Tennis Tennis 17 16 15 15 14 Basketball Basketball 35 53 71 105 134 Walking 2 2 2 2 2 Walking 217 352 486 735 952 Bicycling Bicycling 166 453 731 1,245 1,694 Nature Study Nature Study 26 51 75 120 159 Fishing Fishing 33 32 32 33 34 Boating Boating 16 27 38 58 76 Skiing Skiing 8 10 13 19 24 Surfing --- --- --- --- --- Surfing --- --- --- --- --- Sightseeing 32 32 32 32 36 Sightseeing 59 65 74 101 144 Dr. for Pleas. 91; 25 25 25 28 Dr. for Pleas. 273 272 281 306 314 TOTAL 110 110 110 110 124 TOTAL 1,681 2,189 2,735 3,799 4,770 Note: Asterisks indicate that projected annual activity days were less than 500. Dashes indicate not applicable. Zeros indicate that the activity was not ranked due to insignificant participation days recorded. 276 REGION 18 ODESSA R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 Estimates of urban outdoor recreation resource requirements I ere developed for the Odessa Metropolitan Area for the years 1970, 1975, 1980, 1990, and 2000 by comparing current-7 and projected recreation participation with the current recreation opportunities-21 available in the metro. In addition, the availability and spatial distribution of recrea- tion opportunities provided by parks and recreation facilities were analyzed with respect to subsections of the Odessa Metro characterized by residents having similar incomes and ethnic backgrounds. Particular attention was given to those subsections expected to undergo relatively rapid population growth and physical expansion in the future. Conclusions reached f@om analyzing the distribution of recreation opportunities within the metropolitan area were used to qualify resource requirement estimates where a less than adequate distribution appeared to exist. In the discussions that follow, results of the distribution analysis of parks within subsections of the Odessa Metro Area are presented. Then, estimates of current and future requirements for selected recreation facilities are pre- sented, and are qualified by conclusions reached from the distribution analysis of recreation facilities within sub- sections of the Odessa Metro. PARK DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS In analyzin g the availability and distribution of parks in the Odessa Metro, several characteristics were considered: changes in population (or trends, in general, 1960 to 1970), areas of the metro which were expected to exhibit rela- tively major expansion, and the dispersion of existing parks among the income/ethnic subsections of the metro. From these interrelated characteristics general conclusions were reached with respect to future park developments for the metro area. Population trends affected estimations of future recreation participation. Projections of population growth for Odessa indicate that the 1970 metro population of 78,380 will decline slightly for the next several decades. In 1971 planners indicated that the direction of major urban expansion was expected to be toward the northeast (as illustrated by the arrow on the map, titled "Predominant Ethnic Background and Income Subsections"). The "Predominant Ethnic Background and Income Subsections" map indicates that there were five income/ethnic subsec- tions, as delineated by planners in 1971. The western one-third was composed of two low-income subsections: a Mexican-American area roughly one mile either side of the main east-west highway, and a Black neighborhood extending several miles south of Highway 450. Most of Odessa, however, was comprised of middle-income residents, with Mexican- I/ "Current" participation refers to levels of participation by type of selected recreation activity which were estimated for the year 1970. 2/ "Current" recreation opportunities refers to computed figures derived from the numbers of publicly administered facilities by type available within the metro area in 1971. 277 co Z Cf)'O ri) 0 0 CL z > > zz 110000. E393OPMEM! @z 0 0 0 (D0 Z Z.?>o 0 0 z A Z, z . . . z F5 1 0 > C) C- m 0. > woo I >zo 0 o > 0. C > 2 z oz z > -C Ic z z > c kl, x X V m 0 > 0 z > o 0 0 c: 10 z C) C) 0 00 co 0 0 z ................................. > -ab REGION 18 ODESSA R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 Americans located primarily south of the main east-west highway, and Anglos located north and northeast of it. The northern fringe of Odessa was composed predominantly of high-income Anglos. Comparison of the "Dispersion of Parks by Type" map with the "Predominant Income and Ethnic Subsections" map indi- cates that parks in general appeared to be well dispersed in 1971. All five income/ethnic subsections had at least one public park. The only subsection which may not have had a wide variety of facilities was the low-income Black area in west central Odessa; the only-park was a specialty park which, by definition, has facilities for no more than one major urban activity. District parks were located in three of the subsections, but tended to be situated toward the fringe of the metro; an absence of district parks was evident in central Odessa. Community parks were confined to the two middle-income subsections, while specialty parks were dispersed through three subsections. There was an absence of open land parks in the high-income Anglo area in north Odessa, the low-income Black neighborhood in west central Odessa, and the low- income Mexican-American subsection in southwest Odessa. In the provision of additional parks,consideration should be given to a balanced distribution relative to the growth area and the various income/ethnic subsection. In addition to maintaining an adequate dispersion of parks in all portions of the metro area, the provision of differ- ent types of recreational facilities in parks is also an important consideration. An analysis of the current and future requirements for selected recreational facilities and the current dispersion of facilities in Odessa is pre- sented in the following discussions. FACILITY REQUIREMENTS AND DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS As mentioned previously, requirements for selected recreational facilities (see the following table) were calculated for the. years 1970, 1975, 1980, 1990, and 2000. Then, an analysis of the dispersion of existing facilities among the predominant income/ethnic background subsections and the major growth areas of the metro was conducted. Conclusions reached from the facility dispersion analysis were then used to qualify the facility requirement estimates, particu- larly in those cases where no additional facilities were estimated as being needed within the metropolitan area. Usually, special note is made where growth areas appeared to have limited facilities. The methodology used to cal- culate facility requirements in general is explained in Appendix C, Part I--An Overview of the Urban Volume. In the discussions that follow, res'ource requirements for recreational facilities are generally referred to by units of the most important feature necessary to allow participation. For example, when a requirement is shown for swim- ming pools, features such as a bathhouse, cleaning and filtering system, and other support features are implied when a requirement for the major'facility is shown. Swimming A total of 3,255 square yards of public swimming pools in 1971 provided approximately 488,000 opportunity days, on the basis of 150 days per year per square yard of pool. A comparison of opportunity days with the 1970 estimated demand 279 REGION 18 ODESSA R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: NETROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 of 309,000 participation days indicates that the 1971 supply level was adequate at that time, and should continue to be adequate to the year 2000. The distribution of public swimming pools, however, was not altogether balanced in 1971. The low-income Black neighborhood in west central Odessa, and the large middle-income Anglo subsections in central Odessa had no public pools. Child's Play With a facility standard of 27,623 days per year per acre of developed playground, the 1971 supply level of twenty acres provided approximately 552,000 opportunity days, which should be adequate through the year 2000. The distribu- tion of playgrounds seemed relatively balanced. All five income/ethnic subsections had at least some playground facilities. Baseball/Softball In 1971 there were eighteen baseball/softball fields which, when multiplied by a standard of 13,804 days per year per field, provided about 248,000 days of opportunity. When compared with estimates of demand, the 1971 opportunities level should be adequate through the year 2000. Although a dispersion analysis was not possible from available information, consideration should be given to providing a balanced distribution relative to growth areas and the various income/ ethnic subsections, if additional facilities are provided. Picnicking The 198 public picnic tables enumerated in 1971 provided about 337,000 opportunity days, given a facility standard of 1,702 days per year per picnic table. Barring an unexpectedly rapid increase in demand, the 1971 supply level should be adequate through the year 2000. The only subsection which did not have public picnic facilities in 1971 was the low-income Black area in west central Odessa. Football/Soccer The Odessa Metropolitan Area reported four public football fields in 1971 which, when multiplied by a conversion standard of 7,224 days per year per field, provided approximately 29,000 days of opportunity. A comparison with esti- mated demand indicates that the number of participation days was slightly below the number of opportunity days in 1970, and should remain so to the year 2000. Therefore, no additional fields were required. Although a dispersion analysis was not possible from available information, consideration'should be given to providing a balanced distribution rela- tive to growth areas and the various income/ethnic subsections. Golf The Odessa Metro Area reported no public golf courses in 1971. In 1970, a requirement for twenty-two holes of golf 280 REGION 18 ODESSA R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 was calculated from the 90,000 participation days, given a conversion standard of 4,047 days per year per hole of golf. The cumulative resource requirement was calculated to increase from 22 holes in 1970, to 23 holes in 1975, to 25 holes in 1980, to 29 holes in 1990, to 32 holes by the year 2000. This requirement suggests the provision of not more than two eighteen-hole courses, or four nine-hole courses, or some other combination which considers local re- sources. The lack of public golf courses also suggests that consideration should be given to areas which will pro- vide maximum access to potential users. Tennis There were seventeen public tennis courts in the Odessa Metro Area in 1971, and these courts provided a combined total of 46,000 opportunity days, given a facility standard of 2,694 days per year per tennis courts. The resource requirements table indicates that the seventeen courts should be adequate through the year 2000. Although a dis- persion analysis was not possible from available information, consideration should be given to providing a balanced distribution relative to growth areas and the various income/ethnic subsections. Basketball The Odessa Metro Area reported no public basketball courts in 1971. With a standard of 8,795 days per year per bas- ketball court, a total of four courts would have been required in 1970 to obviate a deficit of 35,000 opportunity days. Assuming that the 1971 supply level has remained at zero, the cumulative requirement increases from 4 courts in 1970, to 6 courts in 1975, to 8 courts in 1980, to 12 courts in 1990, and to 15 courts by the year 2000. Although a dispersion analysis was not possible from available information, consideration should be given to providing a balanced distribution relative to growth areas and the various income/ethnic subsections. Trails Activities One and one-half miles of trail were reported in 1971 (some of which was multiple use). When multiplied by, a standard of 8,464 days per year per mile of trail, these one and one-half miles provided approximately 13,000 opportunity days. This compared to 35,000 participation days, and resulted in a resource requirement of three additional miles in 1970. On the assumption that the 1971 supply level has remained constant, the cumulative resource requirement will increase from 3 additional miles in 1970 to 6 miles in 1975, to 10 miles in 1980, to 16 miles in 1990, and to 22 miles by the year 2000. A relatively small proportion of the total participation in'trail and related activities was estimated to take place in publicly-administered park and recreation areas. It is likely, however, that as additional trail facilities are provided, the relative proportion of total participation will increase at these recreation areas. Thus, the above estimates of additional resources required may be conservative in the long run and should be considered as minimum estimates. In addition to the expectations for increases in participation in trail and related activities at publicly- administered park and recreation areas, it is clear that the major proportion of walking, bicycling, and nature study A, :1" )j" o" C 281 ta, REGION 18 ODESSA R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 is occurring in places other than established recreation areas. The majority of this participation is most likely taking place in local neighborhoods, on city streets, and on available open lands within the area. This phenomenon has direct policy implications with respect to the provision of sidewalks within currently existing and newly devel- oping neighborhoods, the development of a system of bike lanes in high use areas, and the provision of adequate open space and green belt areas within the metro area. Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing Surface Acres - Freshwater Lakes (Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing) No surface acres of freshwater lakes were reported available for water-related recreation within the Odessa Metro Area in 1971. Using participation patterns of the households recreating within the urban areas, it was estimated that a total of 31,000 days of freshwater boating, boat fishing, and skiing participation would have occurred in 1970 if ade- quate freshwater lakes had been available. Of these 31,000 days, 16,000 were boating participation days, 7,000 were boat fishing days, and 8,000 were skiing days. Projections developed for the water-related activities indicate in- cremental resource requirements of 74 surface acres in 1970, 31 surface acres in 1975, 34 surface acres in 1980, 62 surface acres in 1990, and 56 surface acres in 2000. This brings the cumulative resource requirement to 257 addi- tional surface acres by the year 2000. Freshwater Boat Rampsl/ No publicly-administered freshwater boat lanes were reported for the Odessa Metro Area in 1971. By estimating the 1970 total freshwater boat fishing, skiing, and boating participation which would have occurred using freshwater boat ramp facilities to gain access to the water if ramps were available, it was calculated that one boat ramp was needed in 1970. Projected increases in freshwater boat fishing, skiing, and boating participation are expected to require no additional freshwater boat-ramps in 1975, one in 1980, none in 1990, and one in the year 2000, bringing the cumulative resource requirement to three ramps in 2000. Since boat ramps are the most frequently used means by which boaters, skiers, and boat fishermen gain access to freshwater lakes, the provision of freshwater surface acres and freshwater boat ramps required should be planned as joint projects, even though, in some cases, this may require the construction of boat ramps prior to the years reflected in the boat ramp resource requirement projections. I/ In calculating freshwater boat ramp resource requirements the assumption was made that each boat ramp has two lanes. Supply figures listed in the "Park and Recreation Facilities by Type of Park" table and quoted in the narratives are in terms of single lanes. 282 REGION 18 ODESSA R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 2 0 0 0 Summary of Facilities Requirements In 1971 the most obvious deficiencies were a complete lack of public golf courses, basketball courts, surface acres of freshwater, and freshwater boat ramps. Golf courses and basketball courts should, if practical, be located in areas which provide maximum access for potential users. With regard to water-oriented resources, it is sometimes difficult to provide recreational water bodies in far west Texas due to the low annual rainfall and high evaporation rates. The metro reported a surplus of opportunity days for all other activity facilities. except miles of trail, which were esti- mated to be required in each planning horizon year. A dispersion analysis was possible only for a few types of facilities. There was a lack of public outdoor swimming facilities in the low-income Black area in west central Odessa, as well as in the large middle-income Anglo subsection in central Odessa. Also, the low-income Black area lacked picnicking facilities. Playgrounds apparently were well dispersed through the metro. In the provision of additional public facilities for all types of outdoor activities, consideration should be given to a balanced distribution relative to growth areas and the various income/ethnic subsec- tions. 283 REGION 18 ODESSA RECREATION RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS TOTAL 1971 OPPORTUNITY NET OPPORTUNITY DAYS PARTICIPATION DAYS AVAILABLE (OOO'S OF UNITS OF RECREATION (0001S OF (OOO'S OF ACTIVITY DAYS) RESOURCES REQUIRED YEAR ACTIVITY ACTIVITY DAYS ACTIVITY DAYS DEFICIT SURPLUS CT34ULATIVE INCREMENTAL Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 309 11 488 179 0square yardsil 0 square yards!' Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 248 552 304 0acres 0 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 45 248 203 0fields 0 fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 337 246 0tables 0 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 29 1 0fields 0 fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 0 90 22 holes 22 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 46 29 0courts, dbl. 0 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 0 35 4courts,,, full 4 courts, full 1970 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 31 0 31 74 surface acres 74 surface acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 24 0 24 1ramp 1 ramp Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 2miles 2 miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 4/ 1mile 1 mile Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 4/ <1 mile <1 mile Combined Walking, Bicycling, Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 35 41 13 22 3miles 3 miles ACTIVITY Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 318 -1/ 488 170 0square yardJ/ 0 square yards!/ Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 263 552 289 0acres 0 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 47 248 201 0fields 0 fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 337 247 0tables 0 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 29 2 0fields 0 fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 0 93 23 holes 1 hole Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 46 30 0courts, dbl. 0 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 0 53 6courts, full 2 courts, full 1975 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 44 0 44 105 surface acres 31 surfac acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 32 0 32 1ramp 0 ramps3 Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 3miles 1 mile Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 4/ 2miles I mile Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 A/ 1mile I mile Combined Walking, Bicycling, 65 4/ Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 13 52 6miles 3 miles 284 REGION 18 ODESSA RECREATION RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS TOTAL 1971 OPPORTUNITY NET OPPORTUNITY DAYS PARTICIPATION DAYS AVAILABLE (DOO'S OF UNITS OF RECREATION (OOO'S OF (OOO'S OF ACTIVITY DAYS) RESOURCES REQUIRED YEAR ACTIVITY ACTIVITY DAYS) ACTIVITY DAYS) DEFICIT SURPLUS CUMUL IVE INCREMENTAL Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 338 488 150 0square yardsV 0 square yards@l Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 288 552 264 0acres 0 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 50 248 198 0fields 0 fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 337 244 0tables 0 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 29 2 0fields 0 fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 0 101 25 holes 2 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 46 31 0courts, dbl. 0 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 0 71 8courts, full 2 courts, full 1980 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 58 0 58 139 surface acres 34 surface acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 42 0 42 2rampsi/ 1 ramp3/ Trails Activities. Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 5miles 2 miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 4/ 3miles I mile Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 2miles 1 mile Combined Walking, Bicycling, Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 95 4/ 13 82 10 miles 4 miles ACTIVITY Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . . 388 1/ 488 100 0square yardsZ/ 0 square yardsv Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 346 552 206 0acres 0 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 58 248 190 0fields 0 fields Picni@king . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 337 235 0tables 0 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 29 2 0fields 0 fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 0 116 29 holes 4 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 46 31 0courts, dbl. 0 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 0 105 12 courts, full 4 courts, full 1990 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 84 0 84 201 surface acres 62 surfac@ acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 60 0 60 2ramp.l/ 0 ramps-3 Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 4/ 8miles 3 miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 4/ 5miles 2 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 3miles I mile Combined Walking, Bicycling, Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 151 4/ 13 138 16 miles 6 miles 285 REGION 18 ODESSA RECREATION RESOURCE R2QUIREMENTS, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS TOTAL 1971 OPPORTUNITY NET OPPORTUNITY DAYS PARTICIPATION DAYS AVAILABLE (OOO'S OF UNITS OF RECREATION (OOO'S OF (OOOIS OF ACTIVITY DAYS) RESOURCES REQUIRED YEAR ACTIVITY ACTIVITY DAYS) ACTIVI TY DAYS) DEFICIT SURPLUS CUMULATIVE INCREMENTAL Swimming (Pools) ... . . . . . . . . . 434 1/ 488 54 0square yards, 2/ 0 square yards!/ Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 407 552 145 0acres 0 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 65 248 182 0fields 0 fields Picnicking . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . ill 337 226 0tables 0 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 29 0 0 0fields 0 fields Colf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 0 130 32 holes 3 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 46 32 0courts, dbl. 0 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 0 134 15 courts, full 3 courts, full 2000 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 107 0 107 257 surface acres 56 surface acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 75 0 75 3rampsi/ 1 ramp 1/ Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 100 11 miles 3 miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 4/ 7miles 2 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 4/ 4miles 1 mile Combined Walking, Bicycling, 4/ 13 187 22 miles 6 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 200 - I/ Includes only swimming participation occurring in swimming pools, 94 percent of the total in urban areas. I/ Designated freshwater swimming areas may be substituted for swimming pools. When making substitutions consider total swimming participation. 3/ Assumes 2.0 lanes per ramp. 4/ Reflects estimated participation occurring in park and recreation areas; does not include participation occurring outside park and recreation areas. Of the total walking, bicycling, and nature study participation it was determined that 10.5, 4.0, and 20.1 percent, respectively for each activity, occurs in park and recreation areas. 286 .00 ANA - C14 ul .1 2 Z3; go Zo om 0 <0 3: REGION 20 REGIONAL DESCRIPTION: WACO METROPOLITAN AREA The Waco Metropolitan Area consists of the city of Waco and the POPULATION towns of Bellmead, Beverly Hills, Lacy-Lakeview, Northcrest, 1970 Metro Area Population: 118,166 Robinson, and Woodway. Nestled in a gentle curve of the Brazos Change 1960-70: +6% River, Waco is the county seat of McLennan County. It was Race Composition I/ originally occupied by a village of Waco Indians. The first White ..... 79%-- white men to inhabit the site were Texas Rangers, who established Negro ..... 20% a post known as Fort Fisher for the purpose of guarding the western Other ..... . 5% line of Texas settlements from Comanches and other Indians. Today, Age Composition (years): this bustling, prosperous metropolitan area has over 180 manufac- 13 or less ..... 23% turing firms and is a major distribution and processing center 14 - 20 ..... 15% for the many agricultural products that are raised in the region. 21 - 44 ..... 27% 45 - 64 ..... 22% With four hospitals, the Waco Metropolitan Area is one of the 65 and over ..... 13% leading medical centers in the Southwest. Located here is Baylor University, Baylor University School of Nursing, Paul Quinn ECONOMY College, Texas State Technical Institute, and McLennan Com- Aerospace munity College. Also located in this metropolitan area is the Apparel Homer Garrison Memorial Texas Ranger Museum, which is a replica Foods of Fort Fisher, and two classic Southern homes which have been Rubber Products restored: Fort House and East Terrace. Major annual events include the Brazos River Festival and Pilgrimage (April), Cotton Palace Pageant (April), and the Heart O'Texas Fair (October). l/ Includes persons of Mexican and/or Spanish descent. 288 REGION 20 CITY SIZE: METRO P U B L I C L Y A D M I N I S T E R E D R E C R E A T 1 0 N 0 P P 0 R T U N I T I E S LAND AND WATER ACREAGE ACRES REGION STATEWIDE 20 AVERAGE METRO METRO AREAS 57% Developed Land 1,145 1,307 REGION Undeveloped Land 854 .516 20 Total Land 1,999 1,843 METRO 43% Water Within or Adjacent, 7,347 1,006 Total Land and Water 9,346 2,849 M1 DEVELOPED LAND UNDEVELOPED LAND The Waco Metro Area has a total of 1,999 acres of land set aside as park and recreation areas. In addition, 7,347 surface acres of water either within or adjacent to these parks were reported. 71% Of the total land acreage, 1,145 acres are developed STATEWIDE with facilities, leaving 854 acres available for future AVERAGE development. With only 57 percent, of the land acreage METRO AREAS currently developed, the Waco Area is well below the Statewide Metro average of 71 percent. 29% 7 q2 289 0 @Dl a t@ (D t=l PI @d O-d M t- J-h :3 CD 0 03 03 H- M m lb & 0 H 0 H 0 w a 0 0 pi @r a rr PTI X, p;- .3- rt 0 m 10 m rL 10 m I a 03 =1 CD H. ca- " PI 0) m - . " m 0 H. rt rt m (D 0 Li PV ti 10 aq n m I'd 0 -Q m tol N- r, 11 @d m P't th 0 to o rl) 03 M H. m m m Pt, 0 D) D3 rp @d M w H CLM 03 " 0 rt m 0 :3 > =1 10 rt (D 0 0 0) 0 pt 0 PV 0 0 m H. @f I r- m El) 0 0 m (D U) (D 10 rt ct H. 10 pi 03 0 m .4 m m 0 rt CL H- rt rt @-h (D En CL 23 :j @;, :3, m OQM 0 0 pi 00 @o @-h rt rt 0 En N) :31 C:@ a) V a Ul 0 rT M C) rt @31m Lo D) I A. A) D) :3 @-A F- M t' 41 D) ::r CL 0 'CL rt w 0 M W 1 14 14 V 00 D3 rt (D a) (71 00 %D :E@ 0 co 0 Id 0) :3 D) a, 10 pl;l C) CD @D C:) @D 0 H. 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(D C: 0 En 14 a) 00 z H- rb 0 0) 0 @d CL Co 41 N Li CL :J @j :1 D) (D @4 0 pi A3 rD 0 0 X, 0 0 @o C) C) @D rt @j @-h En " 0 00 CD 0 --1 0 rD " Ul En (D H, C> 0 CD (0, CD rt 0 @o 0 rt D) D) 0 @-h ol :31 < GQ (D 0 m V 1.4m m m 4 (D r? W (D 0 ::r I-h W H' '0 < @t a M 140 aq m m M D3 "0 r- (D 0 F- " (YQ (D 5 (D I-t H. H* Pa M (D 23 z 0) 10 ol@ . M rr m cr Qq 1.0 OD 0 (D @r @l 14 0 0 ct 4) 0 10 c 10 le (D rr (D CD @o 0 Li CD 0 0 (D D) @3 @d C) 0 0 0 F-I (D el 23 0 CD (D (D 0 00 t, H 0 D) I-h 03 7V 0 a\ 0 03 ri (1) H . .77, r- 0 CL (D \D " " . :@ ca I-- D) Lo 0.- -(D W. M -j D3 ca el co (D 23 (D 0. C) I_n m > r (7) 0 xj til w 0 ON C) CD m 0 > tri CD C) 0 -j CM V cc 00 E IN OC 0 > z INN .0 C'j CL z D 2 0 0 U cc w > cc Cc le @e LL < cc CC 0 Ir < < < a. z (L 0 he F- z V) cc 2 5 cc v z w w w z 0 iL CL < U 0 ca Ir o 0 REGION 20 CITY SIZE: METRO PARK AND RECREATION FACILITIES BY TYPE OF PARK UNITS PER THOUSAND DISTRICT COMMUNITY SPECIALTY PEOPLE REGION STATEWIDE TYPE OF FACILITY PARK PARK PARK TOTAL PER 20 AVERAGE (UNITS) (UNITS) (UNITS) UNITS UNIT METRO METRO AREAS Games and Sports: Parks .............................. 3 20 3 26 4,544 .220 .150 Tennis Courts ...................... 3 34 0 37 3,193 .313 .142 Basketball Courts .................. 0 12 0 12 9,847 .101 .071 Baseball/Softball Fields ........... 6 22 3 31 3,811 .262 .186 Football/Soccer Fields ............. 0 1 0 1 118,166 .008 .032 Picnicking: Parks .............................. 2 18 1 21 5,627 .177 .124 Tables ............................. 210 57 1 268 440 2.271 1.230 Playground: Parks .............................. 2 15 3 20 5,908 .169 .170 Acres Developed .................... 10 26 4 40 2,954 .338 .258 Swimming: Parks ......................... 3 3 0 6 19,694 .050 .050 Pools (Sq. Yd.) ............... 3,105 2,092 0 5,197 23 44.042 25.950 Designated Fresh Water (Sq. Yd.) ... 0 0 0 0 --- --- 52.242 Boating: Parks .............................. 1 0 0 1 118,166 .008 .006 Ramp Lanes - Fresh Water ........... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .008 Camping: Parks .............................. 2 0 0 2 59,083 .016 .002 Campsites .......................... 2 0 0 2 59,083 .016 .121 Fishing: ,Parks .............................. 2 0 0 2 59,083 .016 .013 Pier/Barge/Marina-Fresh Water (Yd.) 0 0 0 0 --- --- .049 Golfing: Courses ............................ 0 0 0 0 --- --- .005 Holes .............................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .100 Trails: Parks .............................. 1 0 1 2 59,083 .016 .006 Nature (Mi.) ....................... 1 0 0 1 118,166 .008 .009 Horseback (Mi.) .................... 6 0 0 6 19,694 .050 .003 Bicycle (Mi.) ...................... 0 0 1 1 118,166 .008 .007 Hiking (Mi.) ....................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .006 Total Trails (Mi.) ................ 7 0 1 8 14,770 .067 .021 292 REGION 20 PARK AND RECREATION FACILITIES BY TYPE OF PARK CITY SIZE: METRO UNITS PER THOUSAND DISTRICT COMMUNITY SPECIALTY PEOPLE REGION STATEWIDE TYPE OF FACILITY PARK PARK PARK TOTAL PER 20 AVERAGE (UNITS) (UNITS) (UNITS) UNITS UNIT METRO METRO AREAS Sport Shooting: Parks ............................. 1 0 0 1 118,166 .008 .002 Traps .............................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .002 Shooting Targets .................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .004 Archery Targets ................... 10 0 0 10 11,816 .084 .011 Miscellaneous: Parks .............................. 2 1 1 4 29,541 '033 .038 Amphitheatre Seats ................ 0 0 0 0 --- --- 1.077 Botanical Gardens (Acres) ......... 0 0 2 2 59,083 .016 .077 Zoos (Acres) ...................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .051 iCommunity/Recreation Centers ...... 2 1 0 3 39,388 .025 .038 Most of the park and recreation facilities in the Waco Metro Area are in Community or District Parks. The nine Specialty Parks have f acilities only f or games and sports (3 baseball/sof tball f ields) , picnicking, a bicycle trail, botanical gardens and three playgrounds. The District Park category has a park with water surface available for boating and two parks with fishing waters available, however, no specific boating or fishing facilities were reported. Also in the District Park category are the only facilities for camping and sport shooting. A total of eight miles of trails were reported. Of the 44 parks, 26 have games-and sports facilities, 21 have picnicking facilities, 20 have playgrounds, and 6 have swimming facilities. The most common types of games and sports facilities are tennis with 37 courts, followed by base- ball/softball with 31 fields, basketball with 12 courts (all of these courts in Community Parks) and football/soccer with one field. Looking at selected facilities in relation to the number of potential users we find the following: 118,166 persons for each football/soccer field 3,811 persons for each baseball/softball field 59,083 persons for each campsite 3,193 persons for each tennis court 39,388 persons for each community/recreation center 2,954 persons for each acre of playground 14,770 persons for each mile of trails 440 persons for each picnic table 9,847 persons for each basketball court 23 persons for each square,yard of swimming pool The Waco Metro Area is above the Statewide Metro average for facility units per 1,000 for tennis courts, basketball courts, baseball/softball fields, picnic tables, playground acres, square yards of swimming pools, trail miles and archery targets. The Area is below the average for football/soccer fields, campsites, acres of botanical gardens and community/recreation centers. No designated fresh water,swimming area, boat ramp lanes, yards of fishing pier-/barge/ marina, golf holes, shooting traps, shooting targets, amphitheatre seats or zoo acreage were reported. 293 REGION 20 CONVERSION OF FACILITIES TO RECREATION OPPORTUNITY DAYS CITY SIZE: METRO Current opportunity days for 1971 were calculated by multiplying the number of facilities available for each activity in the metro area (deter@iined from the Texas Outdoor Recreation Inventory of Parks, Recreation Areas, and Facilities) times the standard for the facility. DAYS PER THOUSAND POPULATION .ANNUAL REGION STATEWIDE DAYS 20 AVERAGE ACTIVITY-FACILITY AVAILABLE METRO METRO Swimming (Pools) square yards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 779,550 6,606 3,891 Child's Play - playground acres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,104,920 9,364 7,137 Baseball/Softball - fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427,924 3,626 2,577 Picnicking - tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456,136 3,866 2,093 Football/Soccer - fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,224 61 235 Golf - holes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 414 Tennis - courts, double . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99,678 845 384 Basketball - courts, full . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105,540 894 625 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW - surface acres _ . . . . . 3,064,822 25,973 2,962 Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW - boat ramps . . . . . . . . 0 0 103 Trail Activities: Combined Walking, Bicycling, and Nature Study - miles . . . . 16,928 143 164 The Waco Metro Area offers the most opportunity days for surface acres for freshwater boating, boat fishing and skiing, followed by child's play, swimming (in pools), and picnicking. A comparison between the opportunity days per thousand population for the Waco Metro Area and the Statewide Metro average shows that the Waco Metro Area sur- passes the statewide average for seven types of facilities-- swimming pools, children's playgrounds (in acres), baseball/softball fields, picnic tables, tennis courts, basketball courts, and surface acres for freshwater boating, boat fishing and skii9g. The Waco Metro Area is below the Statewide Metro average for football/soccer and the trails activities, with no opportunity days available for golf and freshwater boat ramps. 294 REGION 20 ESTIMATED CURRENT AND FUTURE PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METRO The twelfth ranking metro area, based on population, Waco ranked sixteenth in total participation for the year 1970. Estimates for 1970 indicate that residents and non-residents in the area spent over 2.5 million recreation days in pursuit of urban outdoor recreation opportunities available within the metro area. Resident Total days of participation in urban outdoor recreation activities by the residents of the Waco Metropolitan Area were estimated to be 2.3 million days in 1970. Total participation is expected to increase to 3.1 million days in 1975 and to 3.9 million days in 1980. Projections for the years 1975 and 1980 represent increases of 37.3 and 74.1 percent, respectively, over the 1970 participation level. Participation on a days per household basis will increase from 43.0 days in 1970 to 60.4 days in 1975, and to 78.4 days in 1980--increases of 40.3 and 82.1 percent over the 1970 level. Residents of the Waco Metropolitan Area are expected to participate at a rate of 81, 101, and 124 days per household below the statewide average for the other Texas metropolitan areas in 1970, 1975, and 1980, respectively. For the more distant years of 1990 and 2000, participation is expected. to continue increasing, but will remain below the statewide average for all other metropolitan areas. With respect to total days of part *icipation, 14-of the 16 activities listed are projected to increase through the year 2000, while the activities of football and fishing are expected to decrease during that time period. When considering participation on a days per household basis, all 16 of the activities are expected to increase in par- ticipation. In 1970 the activities of swimming, driving for pleasure, walking, child's play, bicycling, and golf ranked one through six, respectively, in popularity. The expected order of popularity in 1975 deviates little from the 1970 rankings as the only anticipated change is the exchange in rankings between driving for pleasure and bicycling. By 1980, swinming is projected to be the first ranked activity, bicycling number two and walking in third place. Child's play, driving for pleasure, and basketball are, expected to become the fourth, fifth, and sixth ranked activities. Non-Resident For the urban outdoor recreation activities specified for 1970, participation-within the Waco Metropolitan Area by non-residents was estimated to total 266,000 days. Compared to the 1970 level, total participation is expected to decrease 3.0 percent (to 258,000 days) by 1975 and 7.5 percent (to 246,000 days) by 1980. Similar decreases are anticipated for the years 1990 and 2000. In terms of days of participation for 1970, the most popular non-resident activities, of the specific activities projected, were: sightseeing, with 154,000 days; picnicking, with 38,000 days; football, with 22,000 days; child's play with 14,000 days; fishing, with 13,000 days; and driving for pleasure, with 9,000 days. Assuming adequate facilities are made available, a moderate decrease in participation for all activities is expected through the year 2000. The same six popular activities of 1970 are expected to retain their rankings through the year 2000. 295 REGION 20 CURRENT AND PROJECTED RESIDENT PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS (OOO'S OF ANNUAL ACTIVITY DAYS) 1970 1975 1980 1990 2000 STATE- STATE- STATE- STATE- STATE- REG.20 WIDE REG.20 WIDE REC.20 WIDE REG.20 WIDE REG. 20 WIDE METROS METROS =ROS METROS METROS METROS METROS NETROS @]ETROS METROS PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE ACTIVITY DAYS RANK DAYS/HH DAYS/HH DAYS RANK DAYS/M DAYS/Hli DAYS RANK DAYS/ DAYS/HH DAYS RANK DAYS/HH DAYSMH DAYS RANK DAYS/HH DAYS/HH Swimming 493 1 9.46 27.41 633 1 12.41 36.52 780 1 15.65 47.17 1,055 2 24.30 75.28 1,399 2 35.27 110.14 Child's Play 275 4 5.27 14.08 360 4 7.06 17.72 449 4 9.01 22.00 604 4 13.91 32.20 794 4 20.02 43.99 Baseball/Softball 36 12 .69 2.78 44 12 .86 3.19 53 12 1.06 3.59 64 11 1.47 4.41 77 10 1.94 5.22 Picnicking 52 10 1.00 5.72 56 11 1.10 5.66 60 11 1.20 5.66 63 12 1.45 5.61 68 12 1.71 5.64 Football/Soccer 19 14 .36 1.43 19 14 .37 1.42 19 14 .38 1.41 17 14 .39 1.39 16 14 .40 1.38 Golf 119 6 2.28 3.92 154 6 3.02 4.98 190 7 3.81 6.16 248 7 5.71 8.96 313 7 7.89 12.07 Tennis 90 8 1.73 6.06 89 9 1.74 9.21 90 10 1.81 11.49 81 10 1.87 16.07 76 11 1.92 21.46 Basketball 80 9 1.53 1.60 143 7 2.80 2.59 203 6 4.07 3.57 287 6 6.61 5.52 363 5 9.15 7.53 Walking 293 3 5.62 18.21 479 3 9.39 23.09 655 3 13.14 29.20 898 3 20.68 39.89 1,119 3 28.21 50.31 Bicycling 274 5 5.26 20.30 528 2 10.35 32.77 769 2 15.43 45.25 1,111 1 25.59 68.44 1,419 1 35.77 95.49 Nature Study 1 16 .02 .72 2 16 .04 1.67 3 16 .05 2.64 4 16 .09 4.63 5 16 .13 6.70 Fishing 94 7 1.80 1.80 96 8 1.88 1.88 98 9 1.97 1.97 93 9 2.14 2.13 91 9 2.29 2.30 Boating 46 11 .88 .88 81 10 1.59 1.60 115 8 2.31 2.31 162 8 - 3.73 3.74 205 8 5.17 5 17 Skiing 22 13 .42 .42 32 13 .63 .62 41 13 .82 .82 53 13 1.22 1.22 64 13 1.61 1:81 Surfing --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ___ --- --- --- Sightseeing 3 15 .06 2.25 4 15 .08 2.34 5 15 .10 2.50 8 15 .18 2.70 12 15 .30 3.01 Dr. for Pleas. 346 2 6o64 13.38 360 4 7.06 13.52 376 5 -7.54 13.67 362 5 8.34 13.86 362 6 9.13 14.10 TOTAL 2,243 43.02 120.96 3,080 60.38 158.78 3,906 78.36 199.41 5,110 117.68 286.05 6,383 160.91 386.32 CURRENT AND PROJECTED NON-RESIDENT PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 TOTAL CURRENT AND PROJECTED PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 (OOO'S OF ANNUAL ACTIVITY DAYS) (OOOIS OF ANNUAL ACTIVITY DAYS) ACTIVITY 1970 1975 1980 1990 2000 ACTIVITY 1970 1975 1980 1990 2000 Swimming 8 7 7 6 5 Swimming 501 640 787 1,061 1,404 Child's Play 14 13 13 11 10 Child's Play 289 373 462 615 804 Baseball/Softball 2 2 2 2 2 Baseball/Softball 38 46 55 66 79 Picnicking 38 37 36 30 27 Picnicking 90 93 96 93 95 Football/Soccer 22 21 20 17 15 Football/Soccer 41 40 39 34 31 Golf I 1 1 1 1 Golf 120 155 191 249 314 Tennis Tennis 90 89 90 81 76 Basketball I I I Basketball 81 144 204 287 363 Walking I I I I I Walking- 294 480 656 899 1,120- Bicycling Bicycling 274 528 769 1,111 1,419 Nature Study Nature Study 1 2 3 4 5 Fishing 13 13 12 10 9 Fishing 107 109 110 103 100 Boating 2 2 1 1 1 Boating 48 83 116 163 206 Skiing I I I Skiing 23 33 42 53 64 Surfing --- --- --- --- Surfing --- --- --- --- Sightseeing 154 150 143 121 108 Sightseeing 157 154 148 129 120 Dr. for Pleas. 9 9 8 7 6 Dr. for Pleas. 355 369 384 369 368 TOTAL 266 258 246 207 185 TOTAL 2,509 3,338 4,152 5,317 6,563 Note: Asterisks indicate that projected annual activity days were less than 500. Dashes indicate not applicable. Zeros indicate that the activity was not ranked due to insignificant participation days recorded. 296 REGION 20 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 2 0 0 0 Estimates of urban outdoor recreation resource requirements were developed for the Waco Metropolitan Area for the years 1970, 1975) 1980$ V 90, and 2000 by comparing current-1/ and projected recreation participation with the current recrea- tion opportunities- available in the metro. In addition, the availability and spatial distribution of recreation opportunities provided by parks and recreation facilities were analyzed with respect to subsections of the Waco Metro characterized by residents having similar incomes and ethnic backgrounds. Particular attention was given to those sub- sections expected to undergo relatively rapid population growth and physical expansion in the future. Conclusions reached from analyzing the distribution of recreation opportunities within the metropolitan area were used to qualify resource requirement estimates where 'a less than adequate distribution appeared to exist. In the discussions that follow, results of the distribution analysis,of parks within subsections of the Waco Metro Area are presented. Then, estimates of current and future requirements for selected recreation facilities are presented, and are qualified by conclusions reached from the distribution analysis of recreation facilities within subsections of the metro. PARK DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS In analyzing the availability and distribution of parks in the Waco Metro Area, several characteristics were considered: changes in population (or trends, in general, 1960 to 1970), areas of the metro which-were expected to exhibit relative- ly major expansion, and the dispersion of existing parks among the income/ethnic subsections of the metro. From these interrelated characteristics, general conclusions were reached with respect to future park developments for the metro area. Population trends affected estimations of future recreation participation. Projections for Waco indicate that the 1970 metro population of 118,116 will remain relatively stable through the year 2000. In 1971, metro planners indicated that the area around Lakeview and Bellmead in the northeastern part of the metro, and southwest Waco (in the vicinity of Lake Waco and the contiguous urban area of Woodway), were two areas which could anticipate major urban expansion. These trends are presented graphically on the map, titled "Predominant Ethnic Background and Income Subsections." This same map shows eleven major income/ethnic subsections, as delineated by metro planners in 1971. Generally, low- income residentswere located in the eastern half of the metro. East of Beverly Drive and through all of Robinson was an area of low-income Mexican- Americans. From Beverly Drive west to Waco Drive, much of the population was low-income Black. Low-income Anglos tended to be concentrated in that part of Waco north of the Brazos River, in southwest l/ "Current" participation refers to levels of participation by type of selected recreation activity which were esti- mated for the year 1970. 2/ "Current" recreation opportunities refers to computed figures derived from the numbers of publicly- administered facilities by type available within the metro area in 1971. 297 c :E:E z 0 El 13 0 [2 0 0 H3 OMO 0:1) --1 a m T '0 0 0 0 o 0 o o o > z (n K K @m K K w: 9 j > < 0 0 z 2 z 2 z > > > > > 0 Z.,O z z z z z z 0 > m Wo Q:k >z I z z < 0 5,11 x ,> , > 0 "20 z z . 0 > > z > > Z r al z z z z z z 0 z @c > I C > K a) m F, 0 > c > > 0 0 2 z z , 0 M n > m Cl) > m 0 C V 0 '0 z 0 (D > , I a > 3' 0 m T z 0 (D 4. > m c m > z (D 10 3 0 CD m ca Q > 0 0 0 CL A C) co z > 0 .. . . . . ..... . . ... ..... .... cn cn REGION 20 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 Bellmead, and in most of Lacy-Lakeview. There were two major areas of middle-income households: central Waco (west of Waco Drive) was comprised of predominant- ly middle-income Anglos, and Bellmead was comprised of middle-income Anglos and Mexican- Americans. High-income Anglos tended to be concentrated in the western part of Waco (east of Lake Waco) . There was also a small high-income Anglo neighborhood in Lacy-Lakeview. The "Dispersion of Parks by Type" map shows the geographic distribution of parks in the metro, as of 1971. Compared with the "Predominant Ethnic Background and Income Subsections" map, parks in general seemed reasonably well dispersed; however, several of the very small income/ethnic subsections lacked parks of any kind. Three low-income subsections (one Anglo, one Black, and one Mexican- American) in Bellmead had no parks. Also, the middle-income Mexican- American subsection in Bellmead, and the high income Anglo area in Lacy-Lakeview lacked parks. The contiguous urban area of Woodway reported only one park, and Beverly Hills (predominantly low-income Black) had no parks at all. It should be noted also that the high-income Anglo area in west Waco had only two parks. District parks were absent in that part of the metro north of the Brazos River, and in Waco southwest of 18th Street. Community and specialty parks were reasonably well distributed, but there were no open land parks at all in the large low-income Mexican- Arneri can subsection in East Waco, or in the high-incodie Anglo area of west Waco. Open land parks are important in maintaining a balanced and aesthetically pleasing urban environment. In addition to maintaining an adequate dispersion of parks in all portions of the metro area, the provision of different types of recreational facilities in parks is als'o an important consideration. An analysis of the current and future requirements for selected recr6ational facilities and the current dispersion of facilities in the Waco Metro Area is presented in the following discussions. FACILITY REQUIREMENTS AND DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS As mentioned previously, requirements for selected recreational facilities (see the following table) were calculated for the years 1970, 1975, 1980, 1990, and 2000. Then, an analysis of the dispersion of existing facilities among the predominant income/ethnic subsections and the major growth areas of the metro was conducted. Conclusions reached from the facility dispersion analysis were then used to qualify the facility requirement estimates, particularly in those cases where no additional facilities were estimated as being needed within the metropolitan area. Usually, special note is made where growth areas appeared to have limited facilities. The methodology used to calculate facility re- quirements in general is explained in Appendix C, Part I--An Overview of the Urban Volume. In the discussions that follow, resource requirements for recreational facilities are generally referred to by units of the most important feature necessary to allow participation. For example, when a requirement is shown for swimming pools, features such as a bathhouse, cleaning and filtering system, and other support features are implied when a requirement for the major facility is shown. 299 REGION 20 R E C R E A T 1 6 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 Swimming In 1971 the Waco Metropolitan Area reported 5,197 square yards of swimming pools. which, when multiplied by a conversion standard of 150 days per year per square yard, provided approximately 780,000 opportunity days. When compared with projections of demand, the 1971 supply level should be adequate until 1990, when a deficit of 217,000 days is predicted. At that time, an additionil 1,447 square yards above the 1971 level were estimated to be required. The cumulative resource requirement increases to 3,600 square yards by the year 2000. Although public swimming pools appeared to be adequate for the metro as a whole, the high-density neighborhoods of central Waco, as well as growth areas in the north- east and southwest sections of the metro, should be considered if it becomes practical to provide additional swimming facilities. Child's Play There were forty acres of developed playground in 1971, which provided an estimated 1,105,000 opportunity days, on the basis of a standard of 27,623 days per year per acre of developed land. Estimates of demand suggest that this 1971 supply level should be adequate through the year 2000. The distribution of playgrounds in 1971 seemed to be relatively balanced except for the subsections in the north part of the metro which had no park facilities of any kind. Baseball/Softball A comparison of opportunity days with participation days for the Waco Metropolitan Area suggests that no additional baseball/softball facilities should be required through the year 2000. In 1971, there were thirty-one fields which, when multiplied by a standard of 13,804 days per year per field, provided in 1971 about 428,000 days of opportunity, considerably more than should be required even in the year 2000. If any additional fields are provided, consideration probably should be given to growth areas, or the subsections in the north part of the metro which lacked park facilities of any kind. Picnicking Given a conversion standard of 1,702 days per year per picnic table, a total of 456,000 opportunity days were provided by the 268 public picnic tables enumerated in 1971. This opportunity level when compared with estimates of participa- tion should be sufficient through the year 2000, for the metro as a whole. However, several of the small income/ethnic subsections north of the Brazos River had no picnicking facilities and should be considered. Football/Soccer In 1971, there was only one public football field and it provided about 7,000 opportunity days, given a standard of 7,224 days per year per field. With demand estimated at 41,000 participation days, five additional fields were required in 1970 to erase the 34,000 day deficit. The locations of additional football fields should be adequately dispersed 300 REGION 20 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE:' METROS 1 9 7 0 2 0 0 0 among the major income/ethnic subsections within the metro, and particularly those with high growth rates. Golf There were no public golf courses reported for Waco in 1971. Accordingly, a total of thirty holes were required in 1970 to accommodate an estimated demand of 120,000 participation days, given a facility standard of 4,047 days per year per hole of golf. The cumulative resource requirement was predicted to be 38 total holes in 1975, 47 holes (about 3 eighteen-hole courses, or 6 nine-hold, or some other appropriate combination) in 1980, 62 holes in 1990, and 78 holes by the year 2000. Public golf courses should be located so as to maximize accessibility to the various income/ethnic subsections of the metro. Tennis A total of thirty-seven public tennis courts provided about 100,000 opportunity days in 1971, given a standard of 2,694 days per year per court. The 1971 opportunities level should be adequate for the metro as a whole through the year 2000, based on a projected decline in the number of participation days. Although a dispersion analysis was not possible from available information, consideration should be given to providing a balanced distribution relative to growth areas and the various income/ethnic subsections. Basketball In 1971 the Waco Metropolitan Area reported twelve basketball courts which, when multiplied by a facility standard of 8,795 days per year per court, provided about 106,000 days of opportunity. Although these twelve courts were adequate to meet the estimated demand of 81,000 participation days in 1970, additional courts in subsequent years were required to augment the 1971 supply level.. The cumulative resource requirement in 1975 is 4 courts; and this increases to 11 courts over the 1971 supply level by 1980, 21 courts by 1990, and 29 courts in the year 2000. Although a dispersion analysis was not possible from available information, consideration should be given to providing a balanced distribu- tion relative to growth areas and the various income/ethnic subsections. Trails Activities In 1971, there were two miles of trail which, when multiplied by a facility standard of 8,464 days per year per mile of trail, provided about 17,000 days of opportunity. (Although the total actually amounted to eight miles, six of these were horseback riding trail miles. Because resource requirements were not computed for urban horseback riding trails and because these six miles in the Waco Metro Area were not designated for other types of trail usage, they were ex- cluded from the computation of opportunity days.) These 17,000 days of opportunity compared with 42,000 participation days in 1970. Hence, a total of three additional miles were required in 1970 to eliminate an estimated deficit of 25,000 opportunity days. An incremental requirement of 3 more miles in 1975 and 4 additional miles in 1980 result in a total of 10 miles of trail which should be provided by 1980. The cumulative total should reach 14 in 1990 and 19 in the year 2000. 301 REGION 20 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 A relatively small proportion of the total participation in trail and related activities was estimated to take place in publicly-administered park and recreation areas. It is likely, however, that as additional trail facilities are pro- vided, the relative proportion of total participation will increase at these recreation areas. Thus, the above esti- mates of additional resources required may be conservative in the long run and should be considered as minimum esti- mates. In addition to the expectations for increases in participation in trail and related activities at publicly- administered park and recreation areas, it is clear that the major proportion of walking, bicycling, and nature study is occurring in places other than established recreation areas. The majority of this participation is most likely taking place in local neighborhoods, on city streets, and on available open lands within the area. This phenomenon has direct policy implications with respect to the provision of sidewalks within currently existing and newly developing neighborhoods, the development of a system of bike lanes in high use areas, and the provision of adequate open space and green belt areas within the metro area. Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing Surface Acres - Freshwater Lakes (Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing) A total of 7,347 surface acres of freshwater lakes was located within the Waco Metro Area of Region 20 in 1971. Using participation patterns of households recreating in the urban areas, it was estimated that boating totaled 48,000 days, boat fishing 23,000 days, and skiing 23,000 days for a total of 94,000 days in 1970. Comparing estimated participation with the opportunities provided by the surface acres existing in 1971 indicates that existing freshwater lakes will be adequate through the year 2000. Freshwater Boat Rampsi/ No publicly-administered freshwater boat lanes were reported for the Waco Metro Area in 1971. By estimating the 1970 total freshwater boat fishing, skiing, and boating participation which would have occurred using freshwater boat ramp facilities to gain access to the water if ramps were available, it was calculated that three boat ramps were needed in 1970. Projected increases in freshwater boat fishing, skiing, and boating participation are expected to require one additional freshwater boat ramp in 1975, one in 1980, one in 1990, and two in the year 2000, bringing the cumulative resource requirement to eight ramps in 2000. Since boat ramps are the most frequently used means by which boaters, skiers, and boat fishermen gain access to freshwater lakes, the provision of freshwater boat ramps required could be constructed on existing freshwater lakes if the lakes are available for water-related activities. 1/ In calculating freshwater boat ramp resource requirements the assumption was made that each boat ramp has two lanes. Supply figures listed in the "Park and Recreation Facilities by Type of Park" table and quoted in the narratives are in terms of single lanes. 302 REGION 20 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 Summary of Facilities Requirements The only designated types of facilities which were not available at all in 1971 were public golf courses and freshwater boat ramps. For both types of facilities, resource requirements were indicated for every planning horizon year. Also, additional miles of trail were required in every planning year to augment the existing two miles (for walking, bicycling, and nature study) enumerated in 1971. Additional basketball courts were rIequired beginning in 1975, and additional swimming facilities were indicated as necessary beginning in 1990. The Waco Metro Area reported only one public foot- ball field; five additional fields were estimated to be required to fulfill demand through the year 2000. The number of existing public *playgrounds, baseball/softball fields, public picnic tables, tennis courts, and acres for recreational freshwater were estimated to be sufficient through the year 2000. A dispersion analysis was possible only for a few facility types. Public swimming pools, playgrounds, and picnicking facilities appeared to be reasonably well distributed, except that some of the small low-income subsections in the north part of the metro lacked parks and facilities of any kind. A major criterion in the location of additional facilities for all types of outdoor recreation activities is a geographic distribution which considers growth areas and the various income/ethnic subsections. 303 REGION 20 RECREATION RESOURCE RE)QUIRTMENTS, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS TOTAL 1971 OPPORTUNITY NET OPPORTUNITY DAYS PARTICIPATION DAYS AVAILABLE (OOO'S OF UNITS OF RECREATION (0001S OF (0001S OF ACTIVITY DAYS) RESOURCES REQUIRED YEAR ACTIVITY ACTIVITY DAYS) ACTIVITY DAYS DEFICIT SURPLUS CUMULATIVE- - - INCRE24ENTAL Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 471 -11 780 309 0square yards-21 0square yards-2/ Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 289 1,105 816 0acres 0acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 38 428 390 0fields 0fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 456 367 0tables 0tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 7 34 5fields 5fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 0 120 30 holes 30 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 100 10 0courts, dbl. 0courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 106 25 0courts, full 0courts, full 1970 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 94 3,065 2,971 0surfa@7 acres 0surfac7 acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 72 0 72 3ramps- 3ramps-3 Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 4/ 2miles 2miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 4/ 1mile 1mile Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . <1 mile <1 mi'le Combined Walking, Bicycling, Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 42 4/ 17 25 3miles 3miles ACTIVITY Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 602 -1/ 780 178 0square yards=2/ 0square yards-2/ Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 373 1,105 732 0acres 0acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 46 428 382 0fields 0fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 456 363 0tables 0tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 7 33 5fields 0fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 0 155 38 holes 8holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 100 11 0courts, dbl. 0courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 106 38 4courts, full 4courts, full 1975 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 139 3,065 2,926 0surfa cacres 0surface acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 102 0 102 4ramps.2 Irap3 Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 50 4/ 4miles 2miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 4/ 2miles Imile Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4/ <1 mile 0miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 71 4/ 17 54 6miles 3miles 304 REGION 20 RECREATION RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS TOTAL 1971 OPPORTUNITY NET OPPORTUNITY DAYS PARTICIPATION DAYS AVAILABLE (OOO'S OF UNITS OF RECREATION (OOO'S OF (OOO'S OF ACTIVITY DAYS) RESOURCES REQUIRED YEAR ACTIVITY ACTIVITY DAYS) ACTIVITY D61SJ DEFICIT SURPLUS CUMULATIVE INCREMENTAL Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 740-11 780 40 0square yards-21 0 square yardsil Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 462 1,105 643 0acres 0 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 55 428 373 0fields 0 fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 456 360 0tables 0 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 7 32 5fields 0 fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 0 191 47 holes 9 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 100 10 0courts, dbl. 0 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 106 98 11 courts, full 7 courts, full 1980 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 181 3,065 2,884 0surface acres 0 surfpe acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 132 0 132 5ramps3, I ramp_3 Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 4/ 7miles 3 miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 4/ 3miles 1 mile Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 <1 mile 0 miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, Nature Study . . . . . . ... . 101 4/ 17 84 10 miles 4 miles ACTIVITY Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 997 V 780 217 1,447 square yards-2/ 1,447 square yards-2/ Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 615 1,105 490 0acres 0 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 66 428 362 0fields 0 fields- Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 456 363 0tables 0 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 7 27 5fields 0 fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 249 62 holes 15 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 100 19 0courts, dbl. 0 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . ... . . 287 106 181 21 courts, full 10 courts, full 1990 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 238 3,065 2,827 0surfa57 acres 0 surface acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 169 0 169 6ramps- 1 rampV Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 4/ 10 miles 3 miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 4/ 4miles 1 mile Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . I <1 mile 0 miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 139 4/ 17 122 14 miles 4 miles 305 REGION 20 RECREATION RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS TOTAL 1971 OPPORTUNITY NET OPPORTUNITY DAYS PARTICIPATION DAYS AVAILABLE (000-S OF UNITS OF RECREATION (OOO'S OF (OOO'S OF ACTIVITY DAYS) RESOURCES REQUIRED YEAR ACTIVITY ACTIVITY DAYS) ACTIVITY DAYS) DEFICIT SURPLUS CUMULATIVE INCREMENTAL Swimming (Pools) ... . . . . . . . . . 1,320 -1/ 780 540 3,600 square yards-2/ 2,153 square yards!/ Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 804 1,105 301 0 acres 0acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 79 428 349 0 fields 0fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 456 361 0 tables 0tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 7 24 5 fields 0fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314 0 314 78 holes 16 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 76 100 24 0 courts, dbl. 0courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363 106 257 29 courts, full 8courts, full 2000 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 291 3,065 2,774 0 surfac7 acres 0surfac7 acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 205 0 205 8 ramp,3 2ramps-3 Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 13 miles 3miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 4/ 6 miles 2miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 <1 mile 0miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, 4/ Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 176 - 17 159 19 miles 5miles Note: Asterisks indicate that projected annual activity days were less than 500. I/ Includes only swimming participation occurring in swimming pools, 94 percent of the total in urban areas. 2/ Designated freshwater swimming areas may be substituted for swimming pools. When making substitutions consider total swimming participation. 3/ Assumes 2.0 lanes per ramp. 4/ Reflects estimated participation occurring in park and recreation areas; does not include participation occurring outside park and recreation areas. Of the total walking, bicycling, and nature study participation it was deter-mined that 10.5, 4.0, and 20.1 percent, respectively for each activiLy, occurs in park and recreation areas. 306 Z< ow C4) a: ui 0 C) Z. z L 0 _j LI 0@ 0 m 0 o 'n z ui 10 ca @w 0 lb REGION 21 REGIONAL DESCRIPTION: BRYAN-COLLEGE STATION NETROPOLITAN AREA Bryan and College Station are located adjacent to one another POPULATION and form one metropolitan area. 1970 Metro Area Population: 51,395 Change 1960-70: +32% Bryan was chartered in 1855 and is the county seat of Brazos Race Composition County. The economy has long been based on diversified agri- White ..... 837. culture and nearby Texas A&M University. Industry in Bryan Negro ..... 16% has been increasing recently with the production of chemicals, Other ..... 1% furniture, and metal fabrication. Bryan is the home of Allen Age Composition (years): Academy. The Bryan Civic Auditorium hosts many cultural events 13 or less ..... 25% throughout the year. 14 - 20 ..... 19% 21 - 44 ..... 35% College Station is the home of Texas A&M University. Near 45 - 64 ..... 14% College Station is the Texas International Speedway. 65 and over ..... 7% ECONOMY Agribusiness Education l/ Includes persons of Mexican and/or Spanish descent. 308 REGION 21 CITY SIZE: METRO P U B L I C L Y A D M I N I S T E R E D R E C R E A T 1 0 N 0 P P 0 R T U N I T I E S LAND AND WATER ACREAGE ACRES REGION STATEWIDE 21 AVERAGE METRO METRO AREAS 88% Developed Land 306 1,307 REGION Undeveloped Land 42 536 21 METRO Total Land 348 1,843 12% Water Within or Adjacent 48 1,006 Total Land and Water 396 2,849 FM DEVELOPED LAND UNDEVELOPED LAND Bryan and College Station have a total of 348 acres of land set aside as park and recreation areas. In addition, 48 surface acres of water either within or adjacent to these parks were reported. 71% Of the total land acreage, 306 acres are developed with STATEWIDE facilities, leaving 42 acres available for development AVERAGE in the future. With 88 percent of the land acreage 14ETRO AREAS currently developed, Bryan and College Station are well above the Statewide Metro average of-71 percent. 29% 309 z (D :E@ > W > n m 0 H. 0 Ul 0 m :51 03 @3' 10 0 0 N m rt 0 ON 0 @l m " w m m rL Pr CD :71 PV rt 4-1 pg;l m pr rt 0 0 co m 0 :3, H. H. P@ m H. U) m > m z fD a 0 0 H. P) rt @d 0 rt I-n GQ :j m old m @d m 0 p, a, V rt 0 m m I-h (D W 0 (D '0 '< 0 @i rr I-b " :3' (D rD all cn (D " PO I > pa rlt 1,0 H. 0 0 @J' 0 0 0 " rr (D =1 93 0 M (D CL W H r. r_ 0 (D " t:S (D :J (D co w 0) PV -:@ rt 0 @-h 03 rt Go 0 (D 10 0 @-h 0 0 m 0 0 m (D rt cr " :3 P-h CL " @l rA C@ 03 l< rr 0 m CD 0 =r V rt t, rt cli 0 H m (D ::r 03 @r rt 23 V 1-4 0 (D 0 (D .0 CD 0 D3 V " CL (D 0 CL H m 0 t@ rt tl) ::r ;v P) . Ln H. ON H 0 rt P3 to Cl) 0) Ia. 03 pi a rQ : H rt 23 14 @d @i C) V va 03 0 S, 0 rt pi 0 W w LA F- w 7;' H rt (IQ co (D m Fl- C> 0 C:@ 0 0 D) Fl. tl (D o Im OQ 0 C) C) 0 0 0 0 (a M 0 " lb GQ 0 - 0 @.o 0 0 I'D C) m m < m H rt (D r- m H* @31 V pi PI (D rr 0 23 m @-h cr 0 0 0 0 =- rt H. 2) OP ::s m Op (D ?- 4 (D :j m 03 LJ OQ 03 ri. " ;j w PI (D --j a (D 0) ul (D CL F- C@ (D --j 0 co @l 0 -V 00 --4 0 co N.) 0 m r- m #-1 0 ON m w Co rt (D 0 a) P3 V "d 0* ca v @D rr (D 0 Sb -P, (D 0 C> 00 CD CD (D " H. 0 V t-I N\t- 4 #1 (D 0 00 C) 0 H. 0 V r- m (D m rt GQ OQ :j 0) 0 (D (D r- (D 0) 9) CL 0 CL pi :31 rt ril (D " En V) (D PI 03 H. H. a m "a 0 rt 0 0 P- (n M 03 0 n o ct rA M rr m N 0 rt x 0 Q. w Li pi m H. rt F- 41 0' fD PO (a rr I-k 03 m rt ::r m H rt m @d :7* m 0 0 (D C) P3 C) I-n CD C) w C> 0 n CD PV 0 0 rt H n m m =r 0. PV PO pa m 0 rt tv (n cr I,< m 0 co @-4 0 r? 1-- 0 rt rt D) (D V 1. 0 It--, H k< @-j rt :3 0 0 H. z (D 4 0 @d a, U.) ca rr m rr P) C> 4- M rlt ::r w CL -4 00 H (D 110 m M 0 co ;D 0, C) 0 rt 10 0 * 0 " C) 0 03 m 0 ol CD M rr 0 0 0 1- ril - ct m 0 0 ::r co " 4 rr m m 0 H. (D w 4 Fq 4 pi fb Pid P-- ::I' CD 0 03 L.) m rr P) LJ rt 41 T-- " pi rh m PV OD G@ 00 fD 0 0 m 0 w .13, Cl. Cf) co aq Ln > m m 0 a, @o o .4 m 0 0 C) 4- CD Pi m rt rt 0 @lh ti t- CD H. CA 4) 03 m 0 OQ n aq 0 OQ 0 0 C N PI m P, . m m @-h g " Cf) w En r" rt (D cn n rt P.- ZY, F- LI) 03 W- CD (D m 0 m 03 rt :r F- 00 -1 H. 0 0 41 T-- Ul -lj 0 0 tj ON ON w > :3 m 9 M CD @=> 0 > M Q Cl CD CA DISPERSION OF PARKS BY TYPE URBAN PARKS 507 0 13 DISTRICT PARK 974 0 COMMUNITY PARK SPECIALTY PARK 0 0 OPEN-LAND PARK 0 Source: 1971 Municipal Inventory Update 0 BRYAN 0 0 0 60 0 0 7 TEXAS A & M COLLEGE REGION 21 OSTATION 2347 BRYAN-COLLEGE STATION AREA METRO BOUNDARY 1/2 0 1 2 311 REGION 21 CITY SIZE: METRO PARK AND RECREATION FACILITIES By TYPE OF PARK UNITS PER THOUSAND DISTRICT COMMUNITY SPECIALTY PEOPLE REGION STATEWIDE TYPE OF FACILITY . PARK PARK PARK TOTAL PER 21 AVERAGE (UNITS) (UNITS) (UNITS) UNITS UNIT METRO METRO AREAS Games and Sports: Parks .............................. 1 11 3 15 3,426 .294 .150 Tennis Courts ...................... 0 7 0 7 7,342 .137 .142 Basketball.Courts .................. 1 9 0 10 5,139 .196 .071 Baseball/Softball Fields ........... 0 11 4 15 3,426 .294 .186 Football/Soccer Fields ............. 0 1 0 1 51,395 .019 .032 Picnicking: Parks .............................. 1 12 2 15 3,426 .294 .124 Tables ............................. 5 91 2 98 524 1.921 1.230 Playground: Parks .............................. 1 11 0 12 4,282 .235 .170 Acres Developed .................... 2 21 0 23 .2,234 .450 .258 Swimming* Parks .............................. 1 4 0 5 10,279 .098 .050 Pools (Sq. Yd.) .................... 0 1,200 0 1,200 43 23.529 25.950 Designated Fresh Water (Sq. Yd.)... 400 1,200 0 1,600 32 31.372 52.242 Boating: Parks .............................. 0 0 1 1 51,395 .019 .006 Ramp Lanes - Fresh Water ........... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .008 Camping: Parks .............................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .002 Campsites .......................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .121 Fishing: Parks .............................. 0 0 1 1 51,395 .019 .013 Pier/Barge/Marina-Fresh Water (Yd.) 0 0 7 7 7,342 .137 .049 Golfing: Courses ............................ 0 0 1 1 51,395 .019 .005 Holes .............................. 0 0 18 18 2,855 .352 .100 Trails: Parks ............................... 0 1 0 1 51,395 .019 .006 Nature (Mi.) ....................... 0 .5 0 .5 102,790 .009 .009 Horseback (Mi.) .................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .003 Bicycle (Mi.) ...................... 0 .5 0 .5 102,790 .009 .007 Hiking (Mi.) ....................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .006 Total Trails (Mi.) ................. 0 1 0 1 51,395 .019 .021 312 REGION 21 PARK AND RECREATION FACILITIES BY TYPE OF PARK CITY SIZE: METRO UNITS PER THOUSAND DISTRICT COMMUNITY SPECIALTY PEOPLE REGION STATEWIDE TYPE OF FACILITY PARK PARK PARK TOTAL PER 21 AVERAGE (UNITS) (UNITS) (UNITS) UNITS UNIT METRO METRO AREAS Sport Shooting: Parks ............................. 0 0 0 0 --- .002 Traps ............................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .002 Shooting Targets .................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .004 Archery Targets ................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .011 Miscellaneous: Parks ............................. 0 1 0 1 51,395 .019 .038 Amphitheatre Seats ................ 0 0 0 0 --- --- 1.077 Botanical Gardens (Acres) ......... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .077 Zoos (Acres) ...................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .051 Community/Recreation Centers ...... . 0 1 -0 1 51,395 .019 .038 Most of the park and recreation facilities in Bryan and,College Station are in Community Parks where all four of the swimming pools are located. Two designated fresh water swimming areas were also reported, one in a District Park and one in a Community Park. The Community Park category also has the only trail facilities and the one community/recrea- tion center. All of the fishing and golf facilities are in Specialty Parks. In addition, one Specialty Park has water for boating although no specific boating facilities were reported. Of the 29 parks, 15 have facilities for games and sports, 15 have picnicking facilities, 12 have playgrounds and 5 have swimming facilities. The most common types of games and sports facilities are basebAll/softball with 15 fields, followed. by basketball with 10 courts, tennis with 7 courts and football/soccer with one field. Looking at selected facilities in relation to the number of potential users we find the following: 51,395.persons for each football/soccer field 3,426 persons for each baseball/softball field 51,395 persons for each mile of trails 2,855 persons for each golf hole 51,395 persons for each community/recreation center 2,234 persons for each acre of playground 7,342 persons for each tennis court 524 persons for each picnic table 5,139 persons for each basketball court 43 persons for each square yard of swimming pool Bryan and College Station are above the Statewide Metro average for facility units per 1,000 for basketball courts, base- ball/softball fields, picnic tables, playground acres, yards of fishing pier/barge/marina and golf holes. Bryan and College Station are below the average for tennis courts, football/soccer fields, square yards of swimming pools, designs- ted fresh water swimming area, trail miles and community /recreation centers. No boat ramp lanes, campsites, sport shooting facilities, amphitheatre seats, acres of botanical gardens or zoo acreage were reported. 313 REGION 21 CONVERSION OF FACILITIES TO RECREATION OPPORTUNITY DAYS CITY SIZE: METRO Current opportunity days for 1971 were calculated by multiplying the number of facilities available for each activity in the metro area (determined from the Texas Outdoor Recreation Inventory of Parks, Recreation Areas, and Facilities) times the standard for the facility. DAYS PER THOUSAND POPULATION ANNUAL REGION STATEWIDE DAYS 21 AVERAGE ACTIVITY-FACILITY AVAILABLE METRO METRO Swimming (Pools) - square yards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180,000 3,529 3,891 Child's Play - playground acres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635,329 12,457 7,139 Baseball/Softball - fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207,060 4,060 2,577 Picnicking - tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166,796 3,271 2,093 Football/Soccer - fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,224 142 235 Golf -*holes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,846 1,428 414 Tennis - courts, double . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,858 370 384 Basketball - courts, full . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87,950 1,725 625 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW - surface acres . . . . . . 20,023 393 2,962 Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW - boat ramps . . . . . . . . 0 0 103 Trail Activities: Combined Walking, Bicycling, and Nature Study - miles 8,464 166 164 The Bryan-College Station Metro Area offers the most opportunity days for child's play, followed by baseball/softball, swimming (in pools) and picnicking. A comparison between the opportunity days per thousand population for the-Bryan- College Station Metro Area and the Statewide Metro average shows that the Bryan-College Station Metro Area surpasses the statewide average for six of the activity types -- child's play, baseball/softball, picnicking, golf,.basketball, and the trails activities. The Bryan-College Station Metro Area is below the Statewide Metro average for swimming (in pools), football/soccer, tennis and surface acres for freshwater boating, boat fishing and skiing, with no opportunity days available for freshwater boat ramps. 314 REGION 21 ESTIMATED CURRENT AND FUTURE PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METRO The twenty-fourth ranking metro area, based on population, Bryan-College Station also ranked twenty-fourth in total participation for the year 1970. Estimates for 1970 indicate that participation by residents as well as non-residents in the area spent over 859,000 recreation days in pursuit of the various forms of urban outdoor recreation opportuni- ties available within the metro area. Resident Total days of participation in urban outdoor recreation activities by the residents of the Bryan-College Station Metropolitan Area, for the 16 activities shown were estimated to be 759,000 days in 1970. Total participation is expected to increase to one million days in 1975 and to 1.3 million days in 1980. These represent increases of 32.1 percent by 1975 and 71.5 percent by 1980. On a days per household basis, participation is projected to increase from 45.6 days in 1970 to 54.3 days in 1975, and to 64.0 days in 1980--increases of 19.1 and 40.3 percent, respectively, over the 1970 level. The residents of the Bryan-College Station Metropolitan Area are expected to participate at a rate of 78, 107, and 139 days per household below the statewide average for the other Texas metropolitan areas in 1970, 1975, and 1980, respectively. For the more distant years of 1990 and 2000, both total days of participation and days per household are expected to increase, but will remain below the statewide average for all metropolitan areas. Projections for specific activities indicate that each of the 16 activities will increase in total days of participa- tion through the year 2000. On a days per household basis, participation is expected to increase in all activities by 2000. Based on total days of participation, the six most popular activities in 1970 were: driving for pleasure, swimming, walking, child's play, picnicking, and baseball, in that order. It is anticipated that the six top-ranking activities in 1975 will be as follows: swimming, driving for pleasure, child's play, walking, golf, and baseball. Projected participation reveals that these six activities will retain their popularity through 1980. Non-Resident Participation in urban outdoor recreation activities within the Bryan-College Station Metropolitan Area by non- residents was estimated to total 100,000 days for the activities specified for 1970. Compared to the 1970 level, total participation is expected to remain constant through 1975, and increase 2.0 percent (to 102,000 days) by 1980. Similar increases are anticipated through the years.1990 and 2000. Of the specific activities projected, the most popular activities by non-residents for 1970 were: football, with 38,000 days; sightseeing, with 32,000 days, swimming, with 9,000 days; walking, with 5,000 days; and picnicking, with 4,000 days. Assuming adequate facilities are made available, participation in all non-resident activities are expectdd to increase at a moderate rate through the year 2000, with football, sightseeing, swimming, walking, and picnicking retaining their relative ranking, one through five, respectively. 315 REGION 21 CURRENT AND PROJECTED RESIDENT PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS (OOO'S OF ANNUAL ACTIVITY DAYS) 1970 1975 1980 1990 2000 STATE- STATE- STATE- STATE- STATE- REG.21 WIDE REG.21 WIDE REG.21 WIDE REG.21 WIDE REG.21 WIDE METROS METROS NETROS METROS METROS NETROS HETROS METROS HETROS METROS PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE ACTIVITY DAYS RANK DAYS/HH DAYS/HH DAYS RANK DAYS/HH DAYS/HH DAYS RANK DAYS/ DAYS/HH DAYS RANK DAYS/HH DAYSIHH DAYS RANK DAYS/HH 2&.'SJHH Swimming 152 2 9.14 27.41 218 1 11.80 36.52 308 1 15.13 47.17 555 1 23.20 75.28 932 1 33.09 110.14 Child's Play 97 4 5.83 14.08 139 3 7.53 17.72 192 3 9.43 22.00 336 2 14.05 32.20 560 2 19.88 43.99 Baseball/Softball 36 6 2.16 2.78 48 6 2.60 3.19 62 6 3.05 3.59 96 7 4.01 4.41 144 9 5.11 5.22 Picnicking 42 5 2.53 5.72 47 7 2.54 5.66 52 8 2.56 5.66 63 10 2.63 5.61 75 10 2.66 5.64 Football/Soccer 16 9 .96 1.43 17 12 .92 1.42 19 12 .93 1.41 22 13 .92 1.39 25 13 .89 1.38 Golf 35 7 2.10 3.92 52 5 2.82 4.98 74 5 3.64 6.16 135 5 5.64 8.96 231 4 8.20 12.07 Tennis 14 11 .84 6.06 16 13 .87 9.21 17 13 .84 11.49 20 14 .84 16.07 24 14 .85 21.46 Basketball 7 13 .42 1.60 8 15 .43 2.59 9 16 .44 3.57 11 16 .46 5.52 13 16 .46 7.53 Walking 117 3 7.03 18.21 130 4 7.04 23.09 143 4 7.03 29.20 168 4 7.02 39.89 198 5 13.00 50.31 Bicycling 6 15 .36 20.30 22 11 1.19 32.77 41 10 2.01 45.25 89 8 3.72 68.44 152 7 5.40 95.49 Nature Study 8 12 .48 .72 28 10 1.52 1.67 53 7 2.60 2.64 114 6 4.77 4.63 195 6 6.92 6.70 Fishing 30 8 1.80 1.80 35 8 1.90 1.88 40 11 1.97 1.97 51 11 2.13 2.13 65 11 2.31 2.30 Boating 15 10 .90 .88 30 9 1.62 1.60 47 9 2.31 2.31 89 8 3.72 3.74 146 8 5.18 5.17 Skiing 7 13 .42 .42 11 14 .60 .62 17 13 .84 .82 29 12 1.21 1.22 46 12 1.63 1.81 Surfing --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- Sightseeing 6 15 .36 2.25 8 15 .43 2.34 10 15 .49 2.50 14 15 .59 2.70 21 15 .75 3.01 Dr. for Pleas. _L71 1 lOa28 13.38 194 2 10.50 13.52 218 2 10.71 13.67 265 3 11.08- 13.86 319 3 11-33 14.10 TOTAL 759 45.61 120.96 1,003 54.31 158.78 1,302 63.98 199.41 2,057 85.99 286.05 3,146 104-79 386.32 CURRENT AND PROJECTED NON-RESIDENT PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 TOTAL CURRENT AND PROJECTED PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 (0001S OF ANNUAL ACTIVITY DAYS) (OOO'S OF ANNUAL ACTIVITY DAYS) ACTIVITY 1970 1975 1980 1990 2000 ACTIVITY 1970 1975 1980 1990 2000 Swimming 9 9 9 9 10 Swimming 161 227 317 564 942 Child's Play 2 2 2 2 2 Child's Play 99 141 194 338 562 Baseball/Softball Baseball/Softball 36 48 62 96 144 Picnicking 4 4 4 4 5 Picnicking 46 51 56 67 80 Football/Soccer 38 38 39 40 41 Football/Soccer 54 55 58 62 66 Golf 3 3 3 3 4 Golf , 38 55 77 138 235 Tennis Tennis 14 16 17 20 24 Basketball 2 2 2 2 2 Basketball 9 10 11 13 15 Walking 5 5 5 5 6 Walking 122 135 148 173 204 Bicycling Bicycling 6 22 41 89 152 Nature Study Nature Study 8 28 53 114 195 Fishing 2 2 2 3 3 Fishing 32 37 42 54 68 Boating Boating 15 30 47 89 146 Skiing Skiing 7 11 17 29 46 Surfing --- --- --- --- --- Surfing --- --- --- --- Sightseeing 32 32 33 33 34 Sightseeing 38 40 43 47 55 Dr. for Pleas. 3 3 3 3 3 Dr. for Pleas. 174 197 21 268 322 TOTAL 100 100 102 104 110 TOTAL 859 1,103 1,404 2,161 3,256 Note: Asterisks indicate that projected annual activity days were less than 500. Dashes indicate not applicable. Zeros indicate that the activity was not ranked due to insignificant participation days recorded. 316 REGION 21 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 2 0 0 0 Estimates of urban outdoor recreation resource requirements were developed for the Bryan-College Station Metropolitan Area for the years 1970, 1975, 1980, 1990, and 2000 by comparing curren@-11 and projected recreation participation with the current recreation opportunities@-21 available in the metro. In addition, the availability and spatial distribution of recreation opportunities provided by parks and recreation facilities were analyzed with respect to subsections of the metro characterized by residents having similar incomes and ethnic backgrounds. Particular attention was given to those subsections expected to undergo relatively rapid population growth and physical expansion in the future. Conclusions reached from analyzing the distribution of recreation opportunities within the metropolitan area were used to qualify resource requirement estimates where a less than adequate distribution appeared to exist. In the discussions that follow, results of the distribution analysis of parks within subsections of the Bryan-College Station Metro are presented. Then, estimates of current and.future requirements for selected recreation facilities are presented, and are qualified by conclusions reached from the distribution analysis of recreation facilities within sub- sections of the Bryan-College Station Metro. PARK DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS In analyzing the availability and distribution of parks in the Bryan-College Station Metro, several characteristics were considered: changes in population (or trends in general, 1960 to 1970), areas of the metro which were expected to ex- hibit relatively major expansion, and the dispersion of existing parks among the income/ethnic subsections of the metro. From these interrelated characteristics general conclusions were reached with respect to future park developments for the metro area. Population trends affected estimations of future recreation participation. Projections of population growth for Bryan- College Station indicated that the 1970 metro population of 51,395 would increase to about 87,025 persons by the year 2000. In addition, information provided by urban recreation planners of the area shows that future urban expansion was expected to occur in the north, east, and southeast, as illustrated by arrows on the map titled "Predominant Ethnic Background and Income Subsections." For the Bryan-College Station Metropolitan Area, local metro area recreation planners delineated fourteen subsections which are indicated on the accompanying map titled "Predominant Ethnic Background and Income Subsections." The delineated subsections characterize the homogeneous residential, or demographic, patterns existing in 1971 by two major socio- economic factors. Seven of the subsections were chiefly low income areas, five were predominantly middle-income, and l/ "Current" participation refers to levels of participation by type of selected recreation activity which were estimated for the year 1970. 2/ "Current" recreation opportunities refers to computed figures derived from the numbers of publicly administered faci- -lities by type available within the metro area in 1971. 317 c c T z ZA zm m m @ @-o 0 '01, 0 K .0 >0 0 0 0 OA 0 0 0 N z K c K K -Z > z z z m 2 z mo., 0 @ > 6 > > > o Z ?o @z Z> z> @z z Z@ Z, Z. 0 ol z 0 zc; A o p 0 > 0 z z > 0 z z z z 0 oz z C > c CD o c > o m 0 F) n z > > cn z z m > c 10 > m 10 0 z cn m z 1-0 0 0 o M Z > C) r cn r z A a r- z > N) 0 c U) - I >> 50 @-i m 0 > z . . ........ En ID fin) ...... c ETO m '0 ........... ... ............. M ... ......... Him ID REGION 21 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 and two were predominantly high-income. Four of the low-income subsections were located in Bryan. One of these was located in the far southwest along the south side of Highway 507, a subsection predominantly characterized by low-income Mexican-American residents. Immediately south (and along the north side of Highway 21) was a subsection of low-income Blacks. A combined neighborhood of low-income Blacks and Mexican-Americans was indicated on the south side of Highway 21, and northeast of that subsection (i.e., northeast of Highway 507) was a combined subsection of low-income Anglos and Blacks. The remainder of Bryan was characterized chiefly by two middle-income Anglo subsections in the far north and in the south extending into College Station and a subsection of middle-income Mexican-American residents east of the Bryan central business district. There was one high-income Anglo subsection in Bryan located northeast of Highway 507 and north of Highway 60. College Station was composed of three small low-income Black subsect ions, two small middle-income Anglo subsections, and one rather large high -income Anglo subsection around which the smaller subsections were located. Most of the residents of College Station lived to the east and northeast of Texas A&M University. An analysis of parks dispersion among the subsections was conducted by comparing the "Dispersion of Parks by Type" map and the "Predominant Ethnic Background and Income Subsections" map. In general, the distribution of parks appeared to be fairly adequate. However, three subsections in the metro area had no parks of any type. One, the low-income Mexican- American subsection in the northwest, was located in Bryan. The other two, a small low-income Black area and an adjacent larger middle-income Anglo area, were located in the far eastern portion of College Station in the area expected to grow most rapidly. Community and specialty parks were the most widely distributed types of parks. There was only one dis- trict park and it was located in Bryan. Parks with facilities appeared to be needed in the southeastern growth area and the most western subsection of Bryan, and the southeastern half of College Station. All open land parks were located in College Station, most of them in the predominantly high-income Anglo subsection. Open land parks may need considera- tion, where resources are available, for the entire Bryan area when future developments are planned. In addition to maintaining an adequate dispersion of parks in all portions of the metro area, the provision of different types of recreational facilities is also an important consideration. An analysis of the current and future requirements for selected recreational facilities and the current dispersion of facilities in Bryan-College Station is presented in the following discussions. FACILITY REQUIREMENTS AND DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS As mentioned previously, requirements for selected recreational facilities (see the following table) were calculated for the years 1970, 1975, 1980, 1990, and 2000. Then, an analysis of the dispersion of existing facilities among the pre dominant income/ethnic subsections and the major growth areas-of the metro was conducted. Conclusions reached from the facility dispersion analysis were then used to qualify the facility requirement estimatesi particularly in those cases where no additional facilities were estimated as being needed within the metropolitan area. Usually, special note is made where growth areas appeared to have limited facilities. The methodology used to calculate facility requirements in general is explained in Appendix C, Part I--An Overview of the Urban Volume. ' In the discussions that follow, re- source requirements for recreational facilities are generally referred to by units of the most important feature 319 REGION 21 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 necessary to allow participation. For example, when a requirement is shown for swimming pools, features such as bath- house, cleaning and filtering system, and other support features are implied when a requirement for the major facility is shown. Swimming The Bryan-College Station Metro had 1,200 square yards of public swimming pools in 1971. Each square yard (unit) was estimated to provide 150 days of swimming opportunity per year, which yielded an estimated 180,000 opportunity days for the metro area. To determine if there was a surplus or deficit of opportunity, estimated participation days were com- pared with estimated opportunity days. For swimming there appeared to be a surplus of opportunity in 1970, but deficits were shown in each planning year thereafter. By 1975, the metro area was estimated to require an additional 220 square yards of pools. Cumulative 1980 requirements were estimated at 787 square yards. An additional 1,546 and 2,367 square yards were calculated to be needed in 1990, and 2000 respectively. *Dispersion analysis indicates that additional faci- lities were needed in the College Station portion of the metro. Special considerations should also be given to the more expanding residential sections of the metro. Child's Play Bryan-College Station in 1971 had twenty-three acres of playgrounds divided among twelve parks within the metro boundaryi Multiplying the twenty-three acre units by the playground standard (each acre was calculated to provide 27,623 days of recreation opportunity per unit per year) resulted in an estimated 635,000 annual opportunity (potential participation) days. Annual opportunity days were then compared with the forecasted demands, as shown in the Bryan-College Station resource requirements table. Existing playgrounds were estimated to be adequate through the year 2000. Since the ex- isting playgrounds were relatively well distributed among the subsections, further addition of playgrounds should be similarly dispersed, with emphasis placed on the major growth areas. Baseball/Softball With an existing fifteen baseball/softball fields providing approximately 207,000 total opportunity days (the facility standard utilized was 13,804 opportunity days per field per year), the Bryan-College Station Metropolitan Area appeared to have a sufficient quantity of fields to meet the activity requirements through the year 2000. Although a dispersion analysis was not possible, it should be emphasized that if additional fields are provided, consideration should be given to areas presently without fields and to the growth areas. Picnicking There were ninety-eight public picnic tables in Bryan-College Station in 1971. At 1,702 days of opportunity per table per year (standard) the existing tables provided approximately 167,000 days annually. The 1971 supply level was expected to provide adequate overall opportunity through the year 2000. The distribution analysis of picnicking facilities 320 REGION 21 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 2 0 0 0 indicated good dispersion among the existing subsections, except in southern College Station. As the metro area grows, provision of additional tables should also be considered for the expanding subsections. Football/Soccer With a conversion standard of 7,224 days per year per field, the one public football/soccer field enumerated in 1971 provided approximately 7,000 opportunity days (rounded). A comparison of existing opportunity days with estimates of participation suggests that seven additional fields would have been required in 1970. The cumulative resource require- ments have been estimated to increase from 7 fields in 1970 to 8 fields in 1990. These eight fields should be adequate to accommodate estimated demand through the year 2000. Although a dispersion analysis was not possible from available information, the provision of additional fields should consider growth areas and the various income/ethnic subsections to insure a balanced distribution. Golf There was one publicly-administered course in Bryan which provided eighteen holes for golf in 1971. Using the urban golf standard, each golf hole was calculated to be capable of providing 4,047 days of recreation opportunity annually. The Bryan-College Station Metro, therefore, had about 73,000 days of opportunity provided annually by this public course. Comparing expected participation in projection years with the available opportunity days shows an incremental requirement of I hole in 1980, and additions of 15 and 24 holes in the years 1990 and 2000, respectively. As a general rule, golf courses are constructed in multiples of nine holes; therefore, by the year 2000 the Bryan-College Station Metro Area will need slightly over four additional nine-hole courses (forty holes) or two eighteen-hole courses, or some other appropriate combination which considers local resources. Since the existing course appeared to be located centrally between Bryan and College Station, future-additions may be needed at the northwest and southeast extremities of the metro area. Tennis The 19,000 opportunity days provided by the seven tennis courts available in 1971 (each court can make available about 2,694 days of opportunity per year) appeared to be adequate to meet facility requirements of the Bryan-College Station Metro through the year 1990. Two additional courts will be needed by the year 2000. Although dispersion of these faci- lities could not be discerned from available data, it is important that an adequate distribution be considered in current and future planr@ing efforts. Basketball Based on a conversion standard of 8,795 days per year per field, the 1971 supply of ten courts provided approximately 88,000 opportunity days. By comparing available opportunity days with estimates of participation for each projection year as expressed in the Bryan-College Station recreation resource requirement table, it is apparent that the ten courts available in 1971 should be sufficient through the year 2000. Dispersion analysis of basketball facilities could not be accomplished with available data, but adequate distribution is an important consideration. 321 REGION 21 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 Trails Activities Analyzing and comparing expected participation for walking, bicycling, and nature study occurring in the park and recrea- tion areas with opportunity days provided by the current supply of trails in the Bryan-College Station Metropolitan Area indicates that approximately one mile of combined trails should have been added to the existing one mile of trail in 1970. Given the expected growth in trails activities participation, incremental additions were projected for I mile in 1975, 2 miles in 1990, and 5 miles in the year 2000. Overall, a total of nine miles of combined trails should be added to the existing one mile by the year 2000 to meet expected participation levels. A relatively small proportion of the total participation in trail and related activities was estimated to take place in public ly administered park and recreation areas. It is likely, however, that as additional trail facilities are pro- vided, the relative proportion of total participation will increase at these recreation areas. Thus, the above estimates of additional resources required may be conservative in the long run and should be considered as minimum estimates. In addition to the expectations for increases in participation in trail and related activities at publicly administered park and recreation areas, it is clear that the major proportion of walking, bicycling, and nature study is occurring in places other than established recreation areas. The majority of this participation is most likely taking place in local neighborhoods, on city streets, and on available open lands within the area. This phenomenon has direct policy implica- tions with respect to the provision of sidewalks within currently existing and newly developing neighborhoods, the development of a system of bike lanes in high use areas, and the provision of adequate open space and green belt areas within the metro area. Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing Surface Acres - Freshwater Lakes (Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing) A total of forty-eight surface acres of freshwater lakes was located within the Bryan-College Station Metro Area in 1971. Because of the limited freshwater lakes available for boating and skiing, no participation was reported in the Texas Outdoor Recreation Household Demand Survey. Using participation patterns of households recreating in the urban areas, it was estimated that boating would have totled 15,000 days, boat fishing 7,000 days, and skiing 7,000 days for a total of 29,000 days in 1970 if adequate freshwater lakes had been available. Comparing estimated participation with the opportunities provided by the surface acres existing in 1971 indicates that incremental resource requirements are expected to expand from an additional 22 acres needed in 1970, to 48 acres in 1975, 57 acres in 1980, 134 acres in 1990, and 185 acres in the year 2000. This brings the cumulative resource requirement to an additional 446 surface acres by the year 2000. 322 REGION 21 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 2 0 0 0 Freshwater Boat Rampsl/ No-publicly-administered freshwater boat lanes were reported for the Bryan-College Station Metro Area in 1971. By estimating the 1970 total freshwater boat fishing, skiing, and boating participation which would have occurred using freshwater boat ramp facilities to gain access to the water if ramps were available, it was calculated that one boat ramp was needed in 1970. Projected, increases in freshwater boat fishing, skiing, and boating participation are ex- pected to require no additional freshwater boat ramps in 1975, one in 1980, one in 1990, and two in the year 2000, bringing the cumulative resource requirement to five ramps in 2000. Since boat ramps are the most frequently used means by which boaters, skiers, and boat fishermen gain access to freshwater lakes, the provision of freshwater surface acres and freshwater boat ramps required should be planned as joint projects, even though, in some cases, this may re- quire the construction of boat ramps prior to the years reflected in the boat ramp resource requirement projections. Summary of Facilities Requirements In 1971, the Bryan-College Station Metro reported at least some facilities for all designated types except freshwater boat ramps. Resource requirements for boat ramps were indicated for 1970, 1980, 1990, and the year 2000. To augment existing facilities, resource requirements were indicated in nearly all of the planning horizon years for for public swimming pools, designated trail facilities, and surface acres of freshwater lakes. Additional football/ soccer fields were estimated to be required in 1970 and 1990; additional holes of golf in 1980, 1990, and 2000; and additional tennis courts beginning in the year 2000. Existing facilities for child's play, baseball/softball, picnicking, and basketball were estimated to be adequate to accommodate demand for the metro as a whole, through the year'2000. A dispersion analysis was possible only for a few facility types. Swimming facilities apparently were needed in College Station, particularly in the rapidly expanding areas on the east side of College Station. Playground faci- lities were well dispersed through the metro. The southern portion of College Station had few picnic tables. The existing public golf course was located centrally between Bryan and College Station; consequently, any additional courses should be considered perhaps for the northern portion of Bryan and the southern and eastern portions of College Station. In the provision of additional facilities for all types of public outdoor recreation activities, considera- tion should be given to the growth areas and the various income/ethnic subsections. l/ In calculating freshwater boat ramp resource requirements the assumption was made that each boat ramp has two lanes. Supply figures listed in the "Park and Recreation Facilities by Type of Park" table and quoted in the narratives are in terms of single lanes. 323 REGION 21 RECREATION RESOURCE REQUIRMENTS, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS TOTAL 1971 OPPORTUNITY NET OPPORTUNITY DAYS PARTICIPATION DAYS AVAILABLE (000's CF. UNITS OF RECREATION (OOO'S OF (OOO'S OF- ACTIVITY DAYS) RESOURCES REQUIRED YEAR ACTIVITY ACTIVITY DAYS) ACTIVITY DAYS DEFICIT SURPLUS CUMULATIVE INCREMENTAL Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 15, 180 29 0square yardsV 0square yards-2/ Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 99 635 536 0acres 0acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 36 207 171 0fields 0fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 167 121 0tables 0tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 7 47 7fields 7fields Golf . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 38 73 35 0holes 0holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 19 5 0courts, dbl. 0courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 88 79 0courts, full 0courts, full 1970 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 29 20 9 22 surfa@e acres 22 surface acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 23 0 23 1ramp3 1rap3-/ Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 1mile Imile Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 4/ <1 mile <1 mile Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 4/ <1 mile <1 mile Combined Walking, Bicycling, Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 15 4/ 8 7 1mile Imile ACTIVITY Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 213 1/ 180 33 220 square yards-2/ 220 square yards-2/ Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 141 635 494 0acres 0acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 48 207 159 0fields 0fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 167 116 0tables 0tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 7 48 7fields 0fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 73 18 0holes 0holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 19 3 0courts, dbl. 0courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 88 78 0courts, full 0courts, full 1975 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 49 20 29 70 surfa@e acres 48 surface acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 36 0 36 1ramp 3 0ramps3/ Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 1mile 0miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4/ <1 mile 0miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1W Imile 1mile Combined Walking, Bicycling, Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 21 4/ 8 13 2miles Imile 324 REGION 21 RECREATION RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS TOTAL 1971 OPPORTUNITY NET OPPORTUNITY DAYS PARTICIPATION DAYS AVAILABLE (OOO'S OF UNITS OF RECREATION (0001S OF (OOO'S OF ACTIVITY DAYS) RESOURCES REQUIRED YEAR ACTIVITY ACTIVITY DAYS) ACTIVITY DAYS DEFICIT SURPLUS CUMULATIVE . INCRE24ENTAL Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 298 -11 180 118 787 square yardsz/ 567 square yards-21 Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 194 635 441 0 acres 0 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 62 207 145 0 fields 0 fields Picnicking . . . . . . . *@_', , * * * 56 167 111 0 tables 0 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 7 51 7 fields 0 fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 73 4 1 hole I hole Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 19 2 0 courts, dbi. 0 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 88 77 0 courts, full 0 courts, full 1980 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 73 20 53 127 surface acres 57 surface acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 53 0 53 2 rapr3/ I ramp-3/ Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 4/ 1 mile 0 miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 <1 mile 0 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 1 mile 0 miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, 4/ 8 21 2 miles 0 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 29 - ACTIVITY Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 530 180 350 2,333 square yards-2/ 1,546 square yard.-2/ Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 338 635 297 0 acres 0 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 96 207 ill 0 fields 0 fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 167 100 0 tables 0 tables Football/Socc;r . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 7 55 8 fields I field Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 73 65 16 holes 15 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 19 1 <1 court, dbl. <1 court, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 88 75 0 courts, full 0 courts, full 1990 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW 129 20 109 261 surface acres 134 surface acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 92 0 92 3 ramps!/ I ramp-3/ Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 4/ 2 miles I mile Bicycling. 4 4/ <1 mile 0 miles 23 Nature Study 2 miles I mile Combined Walking, Bicycling, Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 45 8 37 4 miles 2 miles 325 REGION 21 RECREATION RESOURCY RFQ'JIRTMFNTS, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS TOTAL 1971 OPPORTUNITY NET OPPORTUNITY DAYS PARTICIPATION DAYS AVAILABLE (OOO'S OF UNITS OF RECREA2ION (OOOIS OF (OOO'S OF ACTIVITY DAYS) RESOURCES REQUIRED YEAR ACTIVITY ACTIVITY DAYS) ACTIVITY DAYS) DEFICIT SURPLUS CUMULATIVE INCREMENTAL Swimming (Pools) ... . . . . . . . . . 885 1/ 180 705 4,700 square yards-2/ 2,367 square yards-21 Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . S62 6as 73 0 acres 0acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 144 207 63 0 fields 0fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 167 87 0 tables 0tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 7 59 8 fiel'ds 0fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 73 162 40 holes 24 ho'les Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 19 5 2 courts, dbl. 2courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 88 73 0 courts, full 0courts, full 2000 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 206 20 186 446 surfac acres 185 surface acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 145 0 145 5 ramp s37 2ramps-3/ Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 4/ 4 miles miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64/ 1 mile 1mile Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 4/ 4 miles 2miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 84 41 8 76 9 miles 5miles Note: Asterisks indicate that projected annual activity days were less than 500. I/ Includes only swimming participation occurring in swimming pools, 94 percent of the total in urban areas. I/ Designated freshwater swimming areas may be substituted for swimming pools . When making substitutions consider total swimming participation. 3/ Assumes 2.0 lanes per ramp. Reflects estimated participation occurring in park and recreation areas; does not include participation occurring outside park and recreation areas, Of the total walking, bicycling, and nature study participation it was determined that 10.5, 4.0, and 20.1 percent, respectively for each activity, occurs in park and recreation areas. 326 CO) LU 9u; Ho w o I I o .11 Cc 01 >- lu SOL F A 0 0 Lu 0 z 0 REGION 23 REGIONAL DESCRIPTION: AUSTIN METROPOLITAN AREA The Austin Metropolitan Area consists of the city of Austin and POPULATION the towns of Rollingwood, Sunset Valley, and Westlake Hills. 1970 Metro Area Population: 254,368 Austin, the county seat of Travis County, was named1or Stephen Change 1960-70: +35% F. Austin, the "Father of Texas.." and was selected as the site Race Composition I/ of the Capitol of Texas in 1839. The headquarters of most State White ..... 87% - agencies are located there as well as numerous Federal agency Negro ..... 12% offices. This metropolitan area is the home of many industries Other ..... 1% which produce such diverse products as electronic equipment, Age Composition (years): furniture, plastics, metals, and boats. It is also the site of 13 or less ..... 25% many public and private research firms. The Austin branch of the 14 - 20 ..... 16% University of Texas contributes significantly to the economy and 21 - 44 ..... 36% culture of the area. Other colleges include Austin Presbyterian 45 - 64 ..... 16% Theological Seminary, Central Texas College, Concordia Lutheran 65 and over ..... 7% College, Episcopal Theological Seminary of the Southwest, Huston- Tillotson College and St. Edwards' University. The Governor's ECONOMY Mansion, French Legation, 0. Henry Home, LBJ Library, Elizabet Education Ney Museum, and Texas Memorial Museum are only a few of the many Government sites of cultural and historical interest in this metropolitan Manufacturing area. Located just to the east of the Austin Metropolitan Area Tourism is Bergstrom Air Force Base. Annual events in the area include the Austin Aqua Festival (August), Central Texas Boat & Travel Show (January), Austin Livestock Show and Rodeo (March), and the Texas Relays (April). l/ Includes persons of Mexican and/or Spanish descent. 328 REGION 23 CITY SIZE: METRO P U B L I C L Y A D M I N I S T E R E D R E C R E A T 1 0 N 0 P P 0 R T U N I T I E S LAND AND WATER ACREAGE ACRES REGION STATEWIDE 23 AVERAGE METRO METRO AREAS 78% Developed Land 1,433 1,307 REGION - Undeveloped Land 402 536 23 METRO Total Land 1,835 1,843 22% Water Within or Adjacent 525 1,006 Total Land and Water 2,360 2,849 FM DEVELOPED LAND UNDEVELOPED LAND The Austin Metro Area has a total of 1,835 acres of land set aside as park and recreation areas. In addition, 525 surface acres of water either within or adjacent to these parks were reported. 71% Of the total land acreage, 1,433 acres are developed with STATEWIDE facilities, leaving 402 acres available for future AVERAGE development. With 78 percent of the land acreage METRO AREAS currently developed, the Area is above the Statewide Metro average of 71 percent. 29% q@C7 FF8Q-- 7 TrI. 329 C#) 0 0 P) m 90 a) (D 0 ti .3, 03 D) m I.- pq R : 0 t%) rt " 0 0 co m pi rt v 0 " @:r P7, rt pr -0 A' (D 0 10 m 41 @-A :3, P, 0 aq " 0) > H. rl-) - 0rt rt m @d 0 . m pim pv m Pt @d m 0 I-h H. CL rt m m m to I:L e4 C:) 0 o o m C W W (D 05 rt I " w 0 cn V 14 @-A . I rt 0 rt > 0 0 03 0 m 0 (D H- (D (D co rt CL (D 10 rt rT (D t-t 0 Z, rt m (D rt m 14 03V C) H ri) 2) D) 0m 0 0 (D En " ?-h 0 ::$ V (D" rr 0 V 0 En (D A) (D rt m A) 0 0 ()Q9 = 0 m H P) H. M m 0 rA M 4 D) W 0 - A) M I-- I-h0 ON co) rt t@w ON GQ rr rD lb k< OQ' :3, t-A. V a. 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Lo P3 ON 0 rr m rt @d m -j -,, 0 P) '0 CD Cu L-n t-3 PI (D 10 rr F- F@ (D M rD a) rt ?o rt )-A @r u) (a M 01 @, GQ, m H. m 0-t@ C) 0 C) (D @1, cr 0 0 mm 0 0 Ul C 0 k-n 0 rt V r? 1.4 0 00 @l C@ 4-- 0 0 KI In 2) 0 t7' rt El rt F-9 0 W < r- 93 14 @-h :j 0 :j (b rt rt rt 0 0 fD 01 :X4 Ln @d CL m mm Id 0 m m m F-h PV m lb I z rl. 0 v) rtZ ON oo 0 Lj -j OD I.D Ul m m rt " W "" : I ct ID H 4 0:7, pi ro 0' m m LA 0 0 0 0 1. 0 rt 1-4 pi CD 0 N) C) W (D "0 23 tj C@ 0 C@ 0 rr 0 0 (D GQ 03 H. FA- -c@ rD w m 0m (D 4 CL rt rt w. (D rt 0 P) N (D 0@ @:T, @-h cr 23 w- M m (D 0 00 r@ Lo r- r- rl r-r En tt rt M W ril (D ul D) 23 01) '01 1-9 0 rr rt 93 oo GQ 0 (D Lo w 00 ON 0 m co z C) mCL 0 ko Ul 0 0 W. (*=> D) V P) 0 w C) 0 0 23 @l > 0 0 0V 0 -j 0 " e (D m rr C (D (D (D ;v m m 1.4 rn M (D 03 W rj) D) 0) F. 10 GQ 0 m 00 0 (D (D 03 0 " fl,3 0 t=$ 0. A @r t-A. n co Id > pi rt 03 M "0 00 --j 4@1 LA PO txl 0 m P3 0 n H. o m ON ON 41 rt rr m C@ co CD CD rl) CD 0 ON C) CD all C) Od 0 -p- 0 CD cl Cf) w < z 0 Z ui D 0 cc cc) Vi CO- 0 13 (3d LINant Yo z !0 0 yaad li, Mott 0 38D I'll, "0 T >- ju -ILL R@ lK 0 0 LL. < < co 0 IL CL (L z F- .2 0 F- F_ z CL LU LLJ LLJ 0 D. a. z 0 m cc 0 lu 'o 0 REGION 23 CITY SIZE: METRO PARK AND RECREATION FACILITIES BY TYPE OF PARK UNITS PER THOUSAND DISTRICT COMMUNITY SPECIALTY PEOPLE REGION STATEWIDE TYPE OF FACILITY PARK PARK PARK TOTAL PER 23 AVERAGE (UNITS) (UNITS) (UNITS) UNITS UNIT METRO METRO AREAS Games and Sports: Parks .............................. 7 38 6 51 4,988 .201 .150 Tennis Courts ...................... 4 28 14 46 5,530 .181 .142 Basketball Courts .................. 2 15 0 17 14,963 .067 .071 Baseball/Softball Fields ........... 11 44 6 61 4,170 .240 .186 Football/Soccer Fields ............. 2 0 1 3 84,789 .012 .032 Picnicking: Parks .............I................. 7 19 0 26 9,783 .102. .124 Tables ............................. 392 160 0 552 461 2.173 1.230 Playground: Parks .............................. 7 42 0 49 5,191 .193 .170 Acres Developed ..................... 25 50 0 75 3,392 .295 .258 Swimming: Parks .................. 7 20 0 27 9,421 .106 .050 Pools (Sq. td.) ........ 15,278, 8,309 0 23,587 11 92.862 25.950 Designated Fresh Water (Sq. Yd.) ... 0 0 0 0 --- --- 52.242 Boating: Parks .............................. 1 0 2 3 84,789 .012 .006 Ramp Lanes - Fresh Water ........... 0 0 2 2 127,184 .008 .008 Camping: Parks ............................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .002 Campsites ................ .......... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .121 Fishing: Parks .............................. 3 1 3 7 36,338 .028 .013 Pier/Barge/Marina-Fresh Water (Yd.) 0 0 0 0 --- --- .049 Golfing: Courses ................... o ........ 0 0 3 3 84,789 .012 .005 Holes .............................. 0 0 45 45 5,653 .177 .100 Trails:- Parks .............................. 3 1 2 6 42,395 .024 .006 Nature (Mi.) ...... o ................ 5.5 2 .5 8 31,796 .031 .009 Horseback (Mi.) .................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .003 Bicycle (Mi.) ...................... 5.5 2 0 7.5 33,916 .030 .007 Hiking (Mi.) ....................... 5.5' 2 .5 8 31,796 .031 .006 Total Trails (Mi.) ......o .......... 5.5 2 .5 8 31,796 .031 .021 332 REGION 23 PARK AND RECREATION FACILITIES BY TYPE OF PARK CITY SIZE: METRO UNITS PER THOUSAND DISTRICT COMMUNITY SPECIALTY PEOPLE REGION STATEWIDE TYPE OF FACILITY PARK PARK PARK TOTAL PER 23 AVERAGE (UNITS) (UNITS) (UNITS) UNITS UNIT METRO METRO AREAS Sport Shooting: Parks ............................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .002 Traps .......... o.................. 0 0 0 0 --- .002 Shooting Targets .................. 0 0 0 0 .004 Archery Targets .................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .011 Miscellaneous: Parks ....... o ...................... 1 3 2 6 42,395 .024 .038 Amphitheatre Seats ................ 0 0 0 0 --- --- 1.077 Botanical Gardens (Acres) ......... 25 0 0 25 10,175 .098 .077 Zoos (Acres) ...................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .051 Community/Recreation Centers ...... 1 2 2 5 50,874 .020 .038 The majority of the park and recreation facilities in the Austin Metro Area are in the 42 Community Parks. All three of the golf courses are in Specialty Parks, while one of the District Parks has a botanical garden. Twenty-seven parks, principally in the Community Park category, have swimming pools totaling 23,587 square yards of area. About 65 percent -of this total area, however, is in the 7 District Parks. Water surface for fishing is available at seven parks, although no specific fishing facilities were reported. A total of eight miles of trails and 5 community/recreation centers were inventoried. Of the 69 parks, 51 have facilities for games and sports, 49 have playgrounds, 27 have swimming pools and 26 have picnicking facilities. The'most common types of games and sports facilities are baseball/softball with 61 fields, followed by tennis with 46 courts, basketball with 17 courts and football/soccer with 3 fields. Looking at selected facilities in relation to the number of potential users we find the following: 84,789 persons for each football/soccer field 5,530 persons for each tennis court 50,874 persons for each community/recreation center 4,170 persons for each baseball/softball field 31,796 persons for each mile of trails 3,392 persons for each acre of playground 14,963 persons for each basketball court 461 persons for each picnic table 5,653 persons for each golf hole ll persons for each square yard of swimming pool The Austin Metro Area is above the Statewide Metro average for facility units per 1,000 for tennis courts, baseball/ softball fields, picnic tables, playground acres, square yards of swimming pools, golf holes, trail miles, and acres of botanical gardens. The area is below the average for basketball courts, football/soccer fields, boat ramp lanes, and community/recreation centers. No designated fresh water swimming area, campsites, yards of fishing pier/barge/ marina, sport shooting facilities, amphitheatre seats or zoo acreage were reported. 333 REGION 23 CONVERSION OF FACILITIES TO RECREATION OPPORTUNITY DAYS CITY SIZE: METRO Current opportunity days for 1971 were calculated by multiplying the number of facilities available for each activity in the metro area (determined from the Texas Outdoor Recreation Inventory of Parks, Recreation Areas, and Facilities) times the standard for the facility. DAYS PER THOUSAND POPULATION ANNUAL REGION STATEWIDE DAYS 23 AVERAGE ACTIVITY-FACILITY AVAILABLE METRO METRO Swimming (Pools) square yards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,538,050 13,929 3,891 Child's Play - playground acres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,071,725 8,156 7,137 Baseball/Softball - fields . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . 842,044 3 315 2,577 Picnicking - tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 939,504 3:699 2,093 Football/Soccer - fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,672 85 235 Golf - holes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182,115 717 414 Tennis - courts, double . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123,924 488 384 Basketball - courts, full . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149,515 589 625 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW - surface acres . . . . . . 1,512,179 5,953 2,962 Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW - boat ramps . . . . . . . . 26,972 106 103 Trail Activities: Combined Walking, Bicycling, and Nature Study - miles . . . . 67,712 267 164 The Austin Metro Area offers the most opportunity days for swimming (in pools), followed by child's play, surface acres for freshwater boating, boat fishing and skiing, and picnicking. A comparison between the opportunity days per thousand population for the Austin Metro Area and the Statewide Metro average shows that the Austin Metro Area surpasses the Statewide average for nine types of facilities -- swimming pools, children's-playgrounds (in acres), baseball/softball fields, picnic tables, golf courses (holes), tennis courts, surface acres for freshwater boating, boat fishing and skiing, freshwater boat ramps, and the miles of trails for the trails activities. The Austin Metro Area is below"the Statewide Metro average for football/soccer and basketball. 334 REGION 23 ESTIMATED CURRENT AND FUTURE PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METRO The sixth ranking metro area, based on population, Austin ranked ninth in total participation for the year 1970. Estimates for 1970 indicate that residents and non-residents in the area spent over 7.3 million recreation days in pursuit of urban outdoor recreation opportunities.available within the metro area. Resident Total days of participation in urban outdoor recreation activities by the residents of the Austin Metropolitan Area were estimated to be 5.9 million days in 1970. Total participation is expected to increase to 9.6 million days in 1975 and to 14.2 million days in 1980. The projections for the years 1975 and 1980 represent increases of 62.1 and 141.1 percent, respectively, over the 1970 participation level. Participation on a days per household basis will increase from 70.0 days in 1970 to 100.2 days in 1975, and to 133.4 days in 1980--increases of 43.2 and 90.5 percent' over the 1970 level. Residents of the Austin Metropolitan Area are expected to participate at a rate of 54, 61, and 69 days per household below the statewide average for the other Texas metropolitan areas in 1970, 1975, and 1980, respectively. For the more distant years of 1990 and 2000, participation is expected to continue increasing, but will remain below the statewide average for all other metropolitan areas. All activities, are projected to increase in total days of participation through the year 2000. With resepct to participation on a days per household basis, two activities, picnicking and sightseeing, are expected to decrease in participation. Nature study is expected to remain relatively constant through 2000. The remaining 16 activities will increase in participation. Taking into consideration individual activities, swimming, bicycling, child's play, driving for pleasure, walking,and basketball ranked one through six, respectively, in total participation days in 1970. However, the order of popularity is anticipated to change in 1975, with bicycling ranking first followed by swimming, child's.play, basketball, walking, and driving for pleasure. In 1980 bicycling is expected to be the most popular activity, with swimming second, child's play third, basketball fourth, walking fifth, and driving for pleas- ure sixth. Non-Resident When considering participation in urban outdoor recreation activities in 1970, a total of 1,376,000 days of partic- ipation, according to the estimates, was recorded by non-residents in the Austin Metropolitan Area. Compared to the 1970 level, total participation is expected to increase 12.4 percent to 1,547,000 days by 1975 and 16.9 percent to 1,609,000 days,by 1980. This trend of increased participation is expected to continue through the years 1990 and 2000. - The estimates for 1970 indicate that the top six ranked activities, in order of popularity, were sightseeing, swimming, football, driving for pleasure, basketball, and picnicking, with totals of 479,000; 279,000; 136,000; 106,000; 89,000; and 76,000 days, respectively. It is anticipated that all 16 activities will increase in participa- tion through the year 2000, and the top six ranked activities will retain their respective rankings from 1970. 335 REGION 23 CURRENT AND PROJECTED RESIDENT PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS (OOO'S OF ANNUAL ACTIVITY DAYS) 1970 1975 198D 1990 2000 STATE- STATE- STATE- STATE- STATE- REG.23 WIDE REG.23 WIDE REG. 23 WIDE REG.23 WIDE REG. 23 WIDE METROS MROS @MTROS METROS METROS METROS METROS METROS METROS METROS PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE ACTIVIT-Y DAYS RANK DAYS/ DAYS/HH DAYS RANK DAYS/HH DAYS/HH DAYS RANK DAYS/ DAYS/RH DAYS RANK DAYS/HH DAYS/HH DAYS RANK DAYS/HH DAYS/HH Swimming 1,200 1 14.15 27.41 1,872 2 19.61 36.52 2,738 2 25.66 47.17 5,652 2 42.89 75.28 11,180 2 68.60 110.14 Child's Play 737 3 8.69 14.08 1,093 3 11.45 17.72 1,551 3 14.54 22.00 2,904 3 22.04 32.20 5,127 3 31.46 43.99 Baseball/Softball 136 12 1.60 2.78 163 12 1.71 3.19 205 12 1.92 3.59 304 11 2.31 4.41 428 11 2.63 5.22 Picnicking 347 7 4.09 5.72 377 7 3.95 5.66 419 8 3.93 5.66 508 9 3.85 5.61 616 10 3.78 5.64 Football/Soccer 58 14 .68 1.43 67 14 .70 1.42 76 15 .71 1.41 95 15 .72 1.39 121 15 .74 1.38 Golf 228 10 2.69 3.92 338 8 3.54 4.98 488 7 4.57 6.16 917 6 6.96 8.96 1,587 6 9.74 12.07 Tennis 241 9 2.94 6.06 319 9 3.34 9.21 409 9 3.83 11.49 636 8 4.83 16.07 998 8 6.12 21.46 Basketball 467 6 5.51 1.60 888 4 9.30 2.59 1,398 4 13.10 3.57 2,729 4 20.71 5.52 4,613 4 28.31 7.'53 Walking 473 5 5.58 18.21 691 5 7.24 23.09 949 5 8.90 29.20 1,610 5 12.22 39.89 2,532 5 15.54 50.31 Bicycling @13 2 10.77 20.30 2,556 1 26.78 32.77 4,565 1 42.79 45.25 9,857 1 74.79 68.44 17,406 1 106.81 9 5 @,49 Nature Study 38 15 .45 .72 43 16 .45 1.67 43 16 .45 2.64 60 16 .46 4.63 74 16 .45 6.70 Fishing 152 11 1.79 1.80 179 10 1.88 1.88 210 11 1.97 1.97 281 12 2.13 2.13 376 12 2. 131 2.30 Boating 75 13 .88 .88 152 13 1.59 1.60 246 10 2.31 2.31 493 10 3.74 3.74 843 9 5.17 5'. 17 Skiing 36 16 .42 .42 59 15 .62 .62 87 14 .82 .82 161 14 1.22 1.22 264 13 1.62 1. 8'l Surfing --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- Sightseeing 256 8 3.02 2.25 179 10 1.88 2.34 177 13 1.66 2.50 167 13 1.27' 2.70 150 14 .92 3.0 .1 Dr. for Pleas. 547 4 EL. 45 13.38 592 6 6920 13.52 666 6 6.24 13.67 844 7 6a4O 13.86 1,069 7 6,56 14JO TOTAL 5,904 70.01 120.96 9,568 100.24 158.78 14,232 133.40 199,41 27,218 206.54 286.05 47,384 2.90.,76 '386.3-Z CURRENT AND PROJECTED NON-RESIDENT PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 TOTAL CURRENT AND PROJECTED PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 (OOOIS OF ANNUAL ACTIVITY DAYS) (OOO'S OF ANNUAL ACTIVITY DAYS) ACTIVITY 1970 1975 1980 1990 2000 ACTIVITY 1970 1975 1980 1990 2000 Swimming 279 313 326 376 432 Swimming 1,479 2,185 3,064 6,028 11,612 Child's Play 22 25 26 30 34 rhild's Play 759 1,118 1,577 2,934 5,161 Baseball/Softball 9 10 11 12 14 BasebalLiSoftball 145 173 216 316 442 Picnicking 76 85 89 102 118 Picnicking 423 462 508 610 734 Football/Soccer 136 153 160 184 211 Football/Soccer 194 220 236 279 332 Golf 11 13 13 15 18 Golf 239 351 501 932 1,605 Tennis Tennis 241 319 409 636 998 Basketball 89 100 104 120 138 Basketball 556 988 1,502 2,849 4,751. Walking 33 37 38 43 50 Walking 506 728 987 1,653 2,582 Bicycling Bicycling 913 2,556 4,565 9,857 17,406 Nature Study Nature Study 38 43 48 60 74 Fishing 15 17 17 20 23 Fishing 167 196 227 301 399 Boating 68 77 80 92 106 Boating 143 229 326 -585 949 Skiing 53 60 62 71 82 Skiing 89 119 149 232 346 Surfing --- --- --- --- --- Surfing --- --- --- --- Sightseeing 479 538 560 646 742 Sightseeing 735 717 737 813 892 Dr. for Pleas. 106 119 123 142 164 Dr. for Pleas. 653 711 789 986 1,233 TOTAL 1,376 1,547 1,609 1,853 2,132 TOTAL 7,280 11,115 15,841 29,071 49,516 Note: Asterisks indicate that projected annual activity days were less than 500. Dashes indicate not applicable. Zeros indicate that the activity was not ranked due to insignificant participation days recorded. 336 REGION 23 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E RE Q U I REM E N T S CITY SIZE: NETROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 Estimates of urban outdoor recreation resource requirements Iere developed for the Austin Metropolitan Area for the years 1970, 1975, 1980, y9o, and 2000 by comparing current-I and projected recreation participation with the current recreation opportunities- available in the metro. In addition, the availability and spatial distribution of recrea- tion opportunities providedby parks and recreation facilities were analyzed with respect to subsections of the Austin Metro characterized by residents having similar incomes and ethnic backgrounds. Particular attention was given to those subsections expected to undergo relatively rapid population growth and physical expansion in the future. Conclusions reached from analyzing the distribution' of recreation opportunities within the metropolitan area were used to qualify resource requirement estimates,where a less than adequate distribution appeared to exist.- .In the discussions that follow, results of the distribution analysis of parks within subsections of the Austin Metro Area are presented. Then, estimates of current and future requirements for selected recreation facilities are pre- sented, and are qualified by conclusions reached from the distribution analysis of recreation facilities within sub- 'sections of the metro. 11`@ARKI DISTRIBU TION ANALYSIS In analyzing the availability and distribution of parks in the Austin Metro, several characteristics were considered: changes in population (or trends in,general, 1960 to 1970), areas of the metro which were expected to exhibit rela- "tively major expansion, and the dispersion of existing parks among the income/ethnic subsections of the metro. From these interrelated characteristics general conclusions were reached with respect to future park developments for the metro area. Population trends affected estimations of future recreation participation. Projections of population growth for Austin indicated that the 1970 metro population of 254,368 would increase to about 398,464 persons by the year 2060. In addition, information provided by urban recreation planners of the area shows that major direction's of future urban expansion were expected to occur in the east, southeast, south-southwest, north, and northwest por- .tions of the metro (as illustrated by arrows of decreasing size on the map, titled "Predominant Ethnic Background and Income Subsections). For the Austin Metropolitan Area, local metro area recreation planners delineated seventeen subsections which are in- dicated on the accompanying map titled "Predominant Ethnic Background and Income Subsections". The delineated sub- sections characterize the homogeneous residential, or demographic, patterns existing in 1971 by two major socio- economic factors - income and ethnic background. In general, there were eight low-income subsections (3 predominantly 1/"Current" participation refers to levels of participation by type of selected recreation activity which were esti- mated for the year 1970. 2/"Current" recreation opportunities refers to computed figures derived from the numbers of pub I ic ly- administered facilities by type available within the metro area in 1971. 337 OD 0 0 0 0 c c z c z 0 > > cm zz J o 0 z 0 0 r C cn OD C: > 0 > > 0 c -,jLL ufF. ...... C4 ............... ............... au (D D c (n cr m 'D C) m z z 0 > m > ol OAS REGION 23 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 Anglo, 2 predominantly Black, and 3 predominantly Mexican-American), six wer ,e middle-income subsections (2 Anglo, I Black, 3 Mexican-American), and three high-income subsections (all Anglo). Low-income residents were mainly concentrates around the central core area and in the southeastern quadrant on both sides of the Colorado River. The majority of the metro north, west, and southwest of the State Capitol was predomin- antly middle and high-income Anglo. The two middle-income Anglo subsections comprise most of the north half and southwestern quadrant of the metro. The middle-income Black subsection was located in far east Austin south of East 19th Street (renamed: Martin Luther King Boulevard).. The three small middle-income Mexican-American subsections were located, one in the general vicinity of the intersection of Oltorf and South Congress Avenue, one south of Koenig Lane between Airport Boulevard and Interstate Highway 35, and one in east Austin east of Springdale Road and south of the middle-income Black subsection. Two large high-income Anglo subsections were located on either side of the Colorado River in West Lake Hills and Rollingwood south of the River and northwest of Balcones Drive north of the River. The remaining small high-income subsection was in the general vicinity of North Lamar and Windsor Road. An analysis of parks dispersion among the subsections was conducted by comparing the "Dispersion of Parks by Type" map and the "Predominant Ethnic Background and Income Subsections" map. Overall, the Austin Metropolitan Area indi- cated good distribution for parks with recreational facilities and a fair distribution but an apparent inadequate number of open land parks. A relatively small subsection composed of low-income Mexican-Americans located north-east of the central business district toward the municipal airport had no parks in 1971. That subsection, however, was surrounded by parks of all types which were within one mile. Parks with recreational facilities should be considered mainly in the more rapidly expanding areas and open land parks may be needed throughout the metro area where resources are available. In addition to maintaining an adequate dispersion of parks in all portions of the metro area, the provision of dif- ferent types of recreational facilities in parks is also an important consideration. An analysis of the current and future requirements for selected recreational facilities and the current dispersion of facilities in the Austin Metro is presented in the following discussions. FACILITY REQUIREMENTS AND DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS As mentioned previously, requirements for selected recreational facilities (see the following table) were calculated for the years 1970, 1975, 1980, 1990, and 2000. Then, an analysis of the dispersion of existing facilities among the predominant income/ethnic subsections and the major growth areas of the metro was conducted. Conclusions reached from the facility dispersion analysis were then used to qualify the facility requirement estimates, particularly in those cases where no additional facilities were estimated as being needed within the metropolitan area. Usually, special note is made where growth areas appeared to have limited facilities. The methodology used to calculate facility requirements in general is explained in Appendix C, Part I--An Overview of the Urban Volume. In the dis- cussions that follow, resource requirements for recreational facilities are generally referred to by units of the 339 REGION 23 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: NETROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 most important feature necessary to allow participation. For example, when a requirement is shown for swimming pools, features such as a bathhouse, cleaning and filtering -system, and other support features are implied when a requirement for the major facility is shown. Swimming The Austin Metro had 23,587 square yards of public swimming pools in 1971. Each square yard (unit) was estimated to provide 150 days of swimming opportunity per year which resulted in an estimated 3,538,000 opportunity days. To det@r- mine if there was a surplus or deficit of opportunity, estimated participation days and estimated opportunity days were compared. For swimming there appeared to be adequate opportunity through 1980. By 1990 the metro area was esti- mated to require an additional 14,187 square yards of pools. Cumulative requirements were estimated at 49,180 square yards for the year 2000. Swim ming facilities appeared to be adequately dispersed throughout the metro in 1971. In the provision of additional outdoor swimming facilities, consideration should be given to a balanced distribution relative to growth areas and the various income/ethnic subsections. Child's Play The Austin Metro in 1971 had a total of seventy-five acres of playground dispersed through forty-nine parks within the metro boundary. Multiplying the seventy-five acre units by the playground standard (each acre was calculated to provide 27,623 days of recreation opportunity per unit per year), resulted in an estimated 2,072,000 annual oppor- tunity (potential participation) days. Annual opportunity days were then compared with the forecasted demands, as shown in the Austin resource requirements table. Playground area deficits were apparent for the planning periods, beginning in 1990. The cumulative requirement for 1990 was 31 acres with an additional 81 acres needed for 2000, bringing the cumulative requirement to 112 acres. Since the existing playgrounds were relatively well distributed among the subsections in 1971, additional playgrounds should generally be considered for growth areas in the future. Baseball/Softball With an existing sikty-one baseball/softball fields providing approximately 842,000 total opportunity days (the faci- lity standard utilized was 13,804 opportunity days provided per field each year), the Austin Metropolitan Area appeared to have a sufficient quantity of fields to meet estimated demand through the year 2000. Although a disper- sion analysis was not possible from the available data, in the provision of any additional fields consideration should be given to a balanced distribution relative to growth areas and the various income/ethnic subsections. Picnicking There were 552 public picnic tables in the Austin Metro in 1971. At 1,702 days of opportunity per table per year (standard) the exiting tables provided approximately 940,000-days annually. The existing number of tables was ex- pected to provide adequate overall opportunity through the year 2000. The distribution analysis of picnicking 340 REGION 23 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE NETROS 1 9 7 0 2 0 0 0 facilities indicated good dispersion among the existing subsections. In providing additional tables, consideration should be given to the major growth areas. Football/Soccer Each of the three football/soccer fields in the Austin Metro Area provided about 7,224 days of opportunity annually. In total this amounted to approximately 22,000 opportunity days in 1971. An additional 24 fields were needed for 1970 with additions of 3, 3, 6, and 7 fields needed in the years 1975, 1980, 1990, and 2000, respectively. Dispersion analysis could not be performed from available data; however, adequate dispersion with attention given to growth areas should be considered in any future expansions of facilities. Golf The three publicly-administered courses in Austin provided forty-five holes of golf in 1971. Using the urban golf standard,, each golf hole was calculated to be capable of providing 4,047 days of recreation opportunity annually. In total, this amounted to about 182,000 days of opportunity in 1971. Comparing expected participation for the projec- tion years with the available opportunity days shows that the metro would have required an additional fourteen holes (the equivalent of approximately one eighteen-hole course) in 1970. Incrementally, additions of 28i 37, 106, and 167 holes would be needed in the years 1975, 1980, 1990, and 2000, respectively, to meet expected increases in golfing participation. As a general rule, golf courses are constructed in multiples of nine holes; therefore, by the year 2000 it was estimated that the Austin Metro Area will need slightly over thirty-nine additional nine-hole courses (352 holes), or nineteen eighteen-hole courses and one nine-hole course, or some appropriate combination which con- siders local resources. Additional courses should be developed with attention to needs in the north and south portions of the metro. Tennis The 124,000 opportunity days provided by the forty-six public tennis courts available in 1971 (each court can make available about 2,694 days of opportunity per year) result in an estimated forty-three courts being required in 1970. An additional 29 courts will be needed in 1975 with 34, 84, and 134 courts needed for the years 1980, 1990, and 2000, respectively. Dispersion analysis indicates that additional facilities should be considered for the northern portion of the metro with attention given to growth areas. Basketball According to the urban basketball standard, each of the. seventeen basketball courts in the Austin Metro Area should provide approximately 8,795 days of opportunity per year, for a total of about 150,000 opportunity days in 1970. By comparing available opportunity days with estimated participation days in each projection year as expressed in the Austin recreation resource requirement table, it is apparent that 46 additional courts were required for 1970, with 341 REGION 23 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 49, 59, 153, and 216 additional courts needed for the years 1975, 1980, 1990, and 2000, respectively. Dispersion analysis of basketball facilities could not be accomplished with available data, but balanced distribution relative to growth areas and the various income/ethnic subsections should be an important consideration in the provision of additional basketball courts. Trails Activities Analyzing and comparing expected participation for walking, bicycling, and nature study occurring in the park and re- creation areas with opportunity days provided by the current supply of trails in the Austin Metropolitan Area indi- categ that approximately four miles of combined trails should have been added to the existing eight miles of trail by 1970. @Some of these eight miles were multiple use.) Given the expected participation growth in the trails acti- vities, incremental additions were projected for 10 miles in 1975, 13 miles in 1980, 33 miles in 1990, and 48 miles in the year 2000. overall, a total of 108 miles of combined trails should be added to the existing eight miles by the year 2000 to meet expectedparticipation levels. A relatively small proportion of the total participation in trail and related activities was estimated to take place in publicly-administered park and recreation areas. It is likely, however, that as additional trail facilities are provided, the relative proportion of total participation will increase at these recreation areaq. Thus, the above estimates of additional resources required may be conservative in the long run and should be considered as minimum estimates. In addition to the expectations for increases in participation in trail and related activities at publicly- administered park and recreation areas, it is clear that the major proportion.of walking, bicycling, and nature study is occurring in places other than established recreation areas. The majority of this participation is most likely taking place in local neighborhoods, on city streets, and on available open lands within the area. This phenomenon has direct policy implications with respect to the provision of sidewalks within currently existing and newly develop- ing neighborhoods, the development of a system of bike lanes in high use areas, and the provision of adequate open space and green belt areas within the metro area. Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing Surface Acres - Freshwater Lakes (Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing) A total of 3,625 surface acres of freshwater lakes was located within the Austin Metropolitan Area of Region 23 in 1971. Using participation patterns of households recreating in the urban areas, it was estimated that boating would have totaled 143,000 days, boat fishing 35,000 days, and skiing 89,000 days for a total of 267,000 days in 1970. Comparing estimated participation with the opportunities provided by the surface acres existing in 1971 indicates that existing freshwater lakes will be adequate through the year 2000 if these lakes are available for water-related activities. 342 REGION 23 R E C R E A T 1 0 N, R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 Freshwater Boat Rampsl/ Two publicly-administered freshwater boat lanes were reported for the Austin Metro Area in 1971. By estimating the 1970 total freshwater boat fishing, skiing, and boating participation which would have occurred using freshwater boat ramp facilities to gain access to the water if sufficient ramps were available, it was calculated that six additional boat ramps were needed in 1970. Projected increases in freshwater boat fishing, skiing, and boating participation are expected to require four additional freshwater boat ramps in 1975, three in 1980, nine in 1990, and thirteen in the year 2000, bringing the cumulative resource requirement to thirty-five ramps in 2000. Since boat ramps are the most frequently used means by which boaters, skiers, and boat fishermen gain access to freshwater lakes, the provi- sion of freshwater boat ramps required could be constructed on existing freshwater lakes if the lakes are available for water-related activities. Summary of Facilities Requirements Although the Austin Metro had at least some facilities for all designated types, resource requirements were indicated in each planning horizon year for football fields, golf courses, tennis courts, basketball courts, designated trails, and freshwater boat ramps. Also, additional facilities for swimming and child's play were indicated, beginning in .1990. Existing facilities for baseball/softball, picnicking, and acres of freshwater lakes were estimated to be ade- quate to accommodate demand for the metro as a whole, through the year 2000. A dispersion analysis was possible only for a few facility types. A reasonably good distribution was apparent for swimming pools, playgrounds, and picnic tables. Additional golf courses were needed in most areas of the metro, but were needed especially in extreme northern and extreme southern Austin. In the provision of additional facilities for all types of outdoor recreation activities, consideration should be given to an equitable distribution relative to growth areas and the various income/ethnic subsections. I/ In calculating freshwater boat ramp resource requirements the assumption was made that each boat ramp has two lanes. Supply figures listed in the "Park and Recreation Facilities by Type of Park" table and quoted in the narratives are in terms of single lanes. 343 REGION 23 RECREATION RESOURCE REQUIRMENTS, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS TOTAL 1971 OPPORTUNITY NET OPPORTUNITY DAYS PARTICIPATION DAYS AVAILABLE (OOONS OF UNITS OF RECREATION (OOO'S OF (OOOIS OF ACTIVITY DAYS) RESOURCES REQUIRED YEAR ACTIVITY ACTIVITY DAYS ACTIVITY DAYS DEFICIT SURPLUS C-LIMULATIVE INCREMENTAL Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 1,390 3,538 2,148 0square yards!/ 0square yards-21 Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 759 2,072 1,313 0acres 0acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 842 697 0fields 0fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423 940 517 0tables 0tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 22 172 24 fields 24 fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 182 57 14 holes 14 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 124 117 43 courts, dbl. 43 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 556 150 406 46 courts, full 46 courts, full 1970 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 267 1,512 1,245 0surface acres 0surface acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 198 27 171 6ramps-3/ 6ramps.2/ Trails Activities:. Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 4/ 2miles 2miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 z/ 2miles 2miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84/ <1 mile <1 mile Combined Walking, Bicycling, Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 98 4/ 68 30 4miles 4miles ACTIVITY Swimming (Pools) . . . . . ... . . . . 2,054 3,538 1,484 0square yards-2/ 0square yard s-2/ Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 1,118 2,072 954 0acres 0acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 173 842 669 0fields 0fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462 940 478 0tables 0tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 22 198 27 fields 3fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351 182 169 42 holes 28 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319 124 195 72 courts, dbl. 29 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .988 150 838 95 courts, full 49 courts, full 1975 Water-Related Activities' Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW 389 1,512 1,123 0surfac@ acres 0surfac7 acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 284 27 257 10 ramps-3 4ramp 1i Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 4/ 5miles 3miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 -41 9miles 6miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94/ 1mile Imile Combined Walking, Bicycling, Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 187 4/ 68 119 14 miles 10 miles 344 REGION 23 RECREATION RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS TOTAL 1971 OPPORTUNITY NET OPPORTUNITY DAYS PARTICIPATION DAYS AVAILABLE (OOO'S OF UNITS OF RECREATION (000-S OF (OOO'S OF ACTIVITY DAYS) RESOURCES REQUIRED YEAR ACTIVITY ACTIVITY DAYS ACTIVITY DAYS DEFICIT SURPLUS CUMULATIVE INCREMENTAL Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 2,880 -11 3,538 658 0 square yards-V 0 square yards 2 Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 1,577 2,072 495 0 acres 0 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 216 842 626 0 fields 0 fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 508 940 432 0 tables 0 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 22 214 30 fields 3 fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501 182 319 79 holes 37 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409 124 285 106 courts, dbl. 34 courts, dbl. .Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,502 150 1,352 154 courts, full 59 courts, full 1980 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 523 1,512 989 0 surfa�@ acres 0 surfac@ acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 378 27 351 13 ramps@ 3 ramps-3 Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 4/ 9 miles 4 miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 -@/ 17 miles 9 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 4/ 1 mile 0 miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, 4/ Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 297 68 229 27 miles 13 miles ACTIVITY Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 5,666 3,538 2,128 14,187 square yards2/ 14,187 square yards-2/ child's Play (Playground s ) . . . . . . 2,934 2,072 862 31 'acres 31 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 316 842 526 0 fields 0 fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 610 940 330 0 tables 0 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 22 257 36 fields 6 fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 932 182 750 185 holes 106 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 636 124 512 190 courts, dbl. 84 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,849 150 2,699 307 courts, full 153 courts, full 1990 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW 881 1,512 631 0 surfaS7 acres 0 surfas7 acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW 626 27 599 22 ramps- 9 ramps- Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 4/ 18 miles 9 miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394 4/ 41 miles 24 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 -4/ 1 mile 0 miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 580 4/ 68 512 60 miles 33 miles 345 REGION 23 RECREATION RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS TOTAL 1971 OPPORTUNITY NET OPPORTUNITY DAYS PARTICIPATION DAYS AVAILABLE (OOOIS OF UNITS OF RECREATION (OOO'S OF (OOO'S OF ACTIVITY DAYS) RESOURCES REQUIRED YEAR ACTIVITY ACTIVITY DAYS) ACTIVITY DAYS) DEFICIT SURPLUS CUMULATIVE INCREMENTAL Swimming (Pools) ... . . . . . . . . . 10,915 3,538 7,377 49,180 square yards-21 34,993 square yardsV Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 5,161 2,072 3,089 112 acres 81 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 442 842 400 0 fields 0 fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 734 940 206 0 tables 0 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 332 22 310 43 fields 7 fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,605 182 1,423 352 holes 167 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 998 124 874 324 courts, dbl. 134 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,751 150 4,601 523 courts, full 216 courts, full 2000 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 1,379 1,512 133 0 surfac@ acres 0 surfac7 acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW 973 27 946 35 raps-3 13 ramps-3 Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271 4/ 30 miles 12 miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 696 4/ 76 miles 35 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 @/ 2 miles 1 mile Combined Walking, Bicycling, 4/ Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 982 0 280 108 miles 48 miles I/ Includes only swimming participation occurring in swimming pools, 94 percent of the total in urban areas. 2/ Designated freshwater swimming areas may-be substituted for swimming pools. When making substitutions consider total swimming participation. 3/ Assumes 2.0 lanes per ramp. 4/ Reflects estimated participation occurring in park and recreation areas; does not include participation occurring outside park and recreation areas. Of the total walking, bicycling, and nature study participation it was determined that 10.5, 4.0, and 20.1 percent, respectively for each activity, occurs in park and recreation areas. 346 Luke Houston > 90 z Iz 0 0 2 ro O-U kl, 00 REGION 25 REGIONAL DESCRIPTION: HOUSTON METROPOLITAN AREA The Houston Metropolitan Area is comprised of Houston, Pasadena, POPULATION Bellaire, West University Place, Deer Park, South Houston, Galena 1970 Metro Area Population: 1,437,972 Park, Jacinto City, La Porte, Nassau Bay, Bunker Hill Village, Change 1960-70: + 3% Hunters Creek Village, Seabrook, Highlands, Hedwig Village, Race Composition -1 2/ Spring Valley, Piney Point Village and Lomax Village. White ..... 79% Negro ..... 20% The Houston Metropolitan Area's beginning as a riverboat landing Other ..... 1% 1/ to Buffalo Bayou in 1836 gave little hint of the area's future Age Composition (years): groL@th. The metropolitan area is now the largest in Texas, is 13 or less ..... 29% the nation's third largest seaport, and is the home of the 14 - 20 ..... 13% National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Manned 21 - 44 ..... 347. Spacecraft Center. 45 - 64 ..... 18% 65 and over ..... 6% Places of interest are many. The Aline McAshan Botanical Hall and Arboretum promotes the study of conservation and field botany ECONOMY for children, and the study of plant-animal relationships for Agribusiness adults. Allen's Landing Park and Old Market Square are part of Banking the general area that became an early center of commerce and Distribution industry. It then fell into disrepair until recently when many Manufacturing of the old buildings were restored and devoted to dining and Petroleum entertainment. The Astrodomain is a $100 million entertainment complex that includes the Astrodome, or the Harris County Domed Stadium as it is officially called; Astrohall, one of the world's largest exhibition centers; and Astroworld, a theme park with rides, shows, and attractions for the entire family. An 18-story building would fit inside the Astrodome, the world's largest air-conditioned area. This stadium can accommodate almost any type of entertainment or sporting event. The Manned Spacecraft Center, where the astronauts train for the man-in-space effort of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, holds the Lunar Receiving Laboratory to which the men return for quarantine and debriefing following moon flights. The Visitor Orientation Center has displays of interest to the public. The Museum of Fine Arts houses the metropolitan area's finest collection of art objects, paintings, and sculpture. A special Junior Gallery features changing exhibits of appeal to youngsters. The Weatherby Arms Museum features weapons from the Dark Ages to the present, armored wax figures, mounted knights, and a torture chamber. The 50-mile long Houston Ship Channel connects the Port of Houston to the Gulf of Mexico. The World Trade Center Building is the hub of the metro's international commerce and the location of many foreign consuls. Sam Houston Historical Park is a project of the Harris County Heritage Society and features restored historic buildings depicting life in early Houston. I/ Due to lack of information for some suburbs in the metropolitan area, data for the entire county was used from the 1970 census. 2/ Includes persons of Mexican and/or Spanish descent. 348 REGION 25 - Continued The Texas Medical Center is an immense complex of hospitals, medical schools, and research institutions. Units operating at the center include Hermann Hospital, Baylor University College of Medicine, Methodist Hospital, Shriners' Hospital for Crippled Children, Texas Children's Hospital, St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital, Ben Taub General Hospital, the University of Texas at Houston composed of M. D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute, the Dental Branch includ- ing the Dental Science Institute, and the School of Public Health and Graduate School of Bio-Medical Sciences among many other institutions. The metropolitan area is the home of the Houston Oilers, a major league football team, and the Astros, a major league baseball team. The Oilers, the Astros, and the University of Houston play their home games in the Astrodome. Educational facilities in the Houston Metropolitan Area are varied. Houston Baptist College is a coeducational Southern Baptist institution. Rice University, one of the nation's great privately endowed institutions, is located in Houston. The Sacred Heart Dominican College is a Catholic college for women, coeducational in some departments. The South Texas College of Law and South Texas Junior College are a privately operated law school and junior college, both maintained in conjunction with the Houston YMCA. Texas Southern University, now part of the State educational system, was formerly operated with private funds as Houston College for Negroes. The University of Houston is one of the largest in the State educational system. The University of Saint Thomas is a coeducational Catholic institu- tion. Annual events in the Houston Metropolitan Area reflect both its past and present. These include the International Boat, Sport, and Travel Show (January), the U. S. Indoor Motorcycle Championships, held in the Astrodome (February), the Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo (February), the National Outdoor and Sportsman Show (March), the Fine Arts Fair (April), Texas Independence Day Observance and Review of the Texas Navy (April), the International Festival and Sidewalk Art Show (October), the International Automobile Show (November-December), the Astro-Bluebonnet Bowl sports events (December), and the Christmas Candlelight Tours (December). I Portuguese bullfights are held in the Sam Houston Coliseum, and the Ringling Brothers-Barnum and Bailey Circus is held in the Astrohall. Bellaire is the "Biggest City in Houston," and various annual events held are the world famous Pin Oak Charity Horse Show (June), the Bellaire Coin Show, the Bellaire Women's Club "Antique Fair" (October), and the Bellaire Day Flea Market and Arts and Crafts Show (July). Pasadena is a young city, as it was practically a strawberry patch well into the 1930's, with most of its development occuring in the past 25 years. In less than 20 years, its population quadrupled, making it one of the most rapidly expanding communities in Texas. South Houston was saved from economic ruin after the devastation of the 1915 hurricane by the opening of the Texas Fireworks Company. Ten years later, Christy Brothers Five-Ring Circus, second only to Ringling Brothers Circus, 349 REGION 25 - Continued moved here. These "industries" later left, but by this time the town had reclaimed itself. South Houston maintains a small-town atmosphere within the bustling confines of the City of Houston. Bunker Hill Village, Hedwig Village, Hunters Creek Village, Piney Point Village, Spring Valley, and West University Place, communities on Houston's west side, have all shared in the area's rapid development and growth. Deer Park, Galena Park, Jacinto City, La Porte, and Lomax Village are suburban communities on Houston's east side. Nassau Bay and Seabrook are communities which developed around the NASA complex. Many residents of these towns work at the Manned Spacecraft Center. 350 REGION 25 CITY SIZE: METRO P U B L I C L Y A D M I N I S T E R E D R E C R E A T 1 0 N 0 P P 0 R T U N I T I E S L*M AND WATER ACREAGE ACRES REGION STATEWIDE 25 AVERAGE METRO METRO AREAS REGION 92% Developed Land 4,603 1,307 25 Undeveloped Land 387 536 METRO 8% otal Land 4,990 1,843 Water Within or Adjacent 518 1,006 Total Land and Waier 5,508 2,849 FM DEVELOPED LAND UNDEVELOPED LAND The Houston Area has a total of 4,990 acres of land set aside as park and recreation areas. In addition, 518 surface acres of water either within or adjacent to these parks were reported. 71% Of the total land acreage, 4,603 acres are developed with STATEWIDE facilities, leaving 387 acres available for future AVERAGE development. With 92 percent of the land acreage METRO AREAS currently developed, the Area is well above the Statewide Metro average of 71 percent. 29% 9 2 D-1- 7 FrI. 351 ul D) :E; 0 > 0wcy, 0 0 tj. I-h 0 0 .0 @o CYN cl m n m OD " rt 0 %D0 r- (D @D (D 0 H 0 PI 0 (D ::I' rt 00 pi z"o" m PV H co 03 ::;, D3 D3 w M M 0 " (D 10 rt t,nel rt m m pq z m " 1.4 0)"Al ::r @d tv CD 1.0 "0 :3 (D pt m ti @d m 0 co (D CL 03 Co (D m m m ol P-h 0) 03 (a rt U) m Ul "a 0 1-4 @d0LA) I W CL V rt 0 a)0" > 0 pi rt (DV J-h " 0 f*j 0 0) 0 P't 0 m 0 (D Mft 0) r- pi r_ H C: PV 0 rn r- (a =a"" m (A (n 03 V rt el m(D rt GQ V H ol n lr 0 H. M (D Q rp w 0-r-I t=$ (n 4 pi co C> 03 :3 Z (D (D (a @.D00 En 0 "a %D rt I-h rt D) 10 0 CD CD rt :3 0) rl r? H. rt @31 rt CL rt0:x m 0 P, 00rrm H. @O I-h r? CA 9) 41 :3 @-A tl-.)0 m -j CL (D XI LI) rt w Lo ID En 03 (D 0) 0 ID 00 N) LO H rt W CL D) 0) 0) @-A 00 r,@ 03 0) 030 (D n:3 0 0 pi V "CLm0 CD o 0 r- Fj. pim H. m I-h 0 N) 0 0 rl.) 0 H. 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M T. < 0 < z 0 LU M o CL ul z 0 CL < co 0 0 tr REGION 25 CITY SIZE: METRO PARK AND RECREATION FACILITIES BY TYPE OF PARK UNITS PER THOUSAND DISTRICT COMMUNITY SPECIALTY PEOPLE REGION STATEWIDE TYPE OF FACILITY PARK PARK PARK TOTAL PER 25 AVERAGE (UNITS) (UNITS) (UNITS) UNITS UNIT METRO METRO AREAS Games and Sports: Parks ............................. 15 150 3 168 8,559 .117 .150 Tennis Courts ..................... 58 79 0 137 10,496 .095 .142 Basketball Courts ................. 7 113 0 120 11,983 .083 .071 Baseball/Softball Fields .......... 64 215 4 283 5,081 .197 .186 Football/Soccer Fields ............ 11 29 0 40 35,949 .027 .032 Picnicking: Parks ............................. 18 105 0 123 11,691 .085 .124 Tables ............................ 703 535 0 1,238 1,162 .861 1.230 Playground: Parks ............................. 22 176 8 206 6,980 .143 .170 Acres Developed ................... 49 240 6 295 4,874 .205 .258 Swimming: Parks ............................. 10 42 0 52 27,653 .036 .050 Pools (Sq. Yd.) ................... 4,293 10,492 0 14,785 97 10.281 25.950 Designated Fresh Water (Sq. Yd.).. 55 0 0 55 26,145 .038 52.242 Designated Salt Water (Sq. Yd . 0 0 0 0 Boating: Parks ............................. 2 0 0 2 718,986 .001 .006 Ramp Lanes - Fresh Water .......... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .008 Ramp Lanes - Salt Water ........... 1 0 0 1 1,437,972 .001 --- Camping: Parks ............................. 1 0 0 1 1,437,972 .001 .002 Campsites ......................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .121 Fishing: Parks ............... ............. 2 2 0 4 359,493 .002 .013 Pier/Barge/Marina-Fresh Water(Yd.) 0 25 25 57,519 .017 .049 Pier/Barge/Marina-Salt Water(Yd.). 20 0 0 20 71,899 .014 --- Golfing: Courses ........................... 4 0 0 4 359,493 .002, .005 Holes ............................. 72 0 0 72 19,972 .050 .100 Trails: Parks ............................. 5 0 0 5. 287,594 .003 .006 Nature (Mi.) ...................... 4 0 0 4 359,493 .002 .009 Horseback (Mi.) ................... 8 0 0 8 179,747 .005 .003 Bicycle (Mi.) ..................... 15 0 0 15 95,865 .010 .007 Hiking (Mi.) ...................... 16 0 0 16 89,873 .011 .006 Total Trails (Mi.) ................ 27 0 0 27 53,258 .018 .021 354 REGION 25 PARK AND RECREATION FACILITIES BY TYPE OF PARK CITY SIZE: METRO UNITS PER THOUSAND DISTRICT COMMUNITY SPECIALTY PEOPLE REGION STATEWIDE TYPE OF FACILITY PARK PARK PARK TOTAL PER 25 AVERAGE (UNITS) (UNITS) (UNITS) UNITS UNIT METRO METRO AREAS Sport Shooting: Parks ............................. 5 1 0 6 239,662 .004 .002 Traps ............................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .002 Shooting Targets .................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .004 Archery Targets ................... 40 0 0 40 35,949 .027 .011 Miscellaneous: Parks .............................. 13 42 10 65 22,123 .045 .038 Amphitheatre Seats ................ 1,750 0 0 1,750 822 1.216 1.077 Botanical Gardens (Acres) ......... 200 0 200 7,190 .139 .077 Zoos (Acres) ...................... 43 0 3 46 31,260 .031 .051 Community/Recreation Centers ...... 11 41 13 65 22,123 .045 .038 Almost all of the park and recreation facilities in the Houston Metro Area are in Community and District Parks. The Specialty Parks have facilities only for baseball/softball, playgrounds, community/recreation centers and zoo acreage. The District Parks have the only boating, golfing, and trails facilities. One of the District Parks is the only park with camping permitted although no specific camping facilities were reported. A total of 52 parks were reported with swimming facilities, including designated fresh water swimming area in the District Park c 'ategory. No salt water swimming facilities were reported, however salt water boating and fishing facilities were inventoried. Of the 285 parks, 206 have playgrounds, 168 have games and sports facilities, 123 have picnicking facilities and 52 have swimming facilities. The most common types of games and sports facilities are baseball/softball with 283 fields, followed by tennis with 137 courts, basketball with 120 courts and football/soccer with 40 fields. Looking at selected facilities in relation to the number of potential users we find the following: 53,258 persons for each mile of trails 10,496 persons for each tennis court 35,949 persons for each football/soccer field 5,081 persons for each baseball/soft field 22,123 persons for each community/recreation center 4,874 persons for each acre of playground 19,972 persons for each golf hole 1,162 persons for each picnic table 11,983 persons for each basketball court 97 persons for each square yard of swimming pool The Metro Houston Area is above the Statewide Metro average for facility units per 1,000 only for basketball courts, baseball/softball fields, archery targets, amphitheatre seats, acres of botanical gardens and community/ recreation centers, while falling below the average for tennis courts, football/soc@er fields, picnic tables, playground acres, square yards of swimming pools, designated freshwater swimming area, yards of fishing pier/barge/marina- freshwater, golf holes, trail miles, and zoo acreage. No boat ramp lanes-freshwater, campsites, shooting traps or shooting targets were reported. 355 REGION 25 CONVERSION OF FACILITIES TO RECREATION OPPORTUNITY DAYS CITY SIZE: METRO Current opportunity days for 1971 were calculated by multiplying the number of facilities available for each activity in the metro area (determined from the Texas Outdoor Recreation Inventory of Parks, Recreation Areas, and Facilities) times the standard for the facility. DAYS PER THOUSAND POPULATION ANNUAL REGION STATEWIDE DAYS 25 AVERAGE ACTIVITY-FACILITY AVAILABLE METRO METRO Swimming (Pools) - square yards . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . 2,217,750 1,542 3,891 Child's Play - playground acres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,148,785 5,667 7 137 Baseball/Softball - fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,906,532 2,717 2:577 Picnicking - tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,107,076 1,465 2,093 Football/Soccer - fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288,960 201 235 Golf - holes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291,384 203 414 Tennis - courts, double . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369,078 257 384 Basketball - courts, full . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IYO55,400 734 625 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW - surface acres . . . . . . 5,113,459 3,556 2,962 Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW - boat ramps . . . . . . . . 0 0 103 Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing SW - boat ramps . . . . . . . . 10,986 8 33 Trail Activities: Combined Walking, Bicycling, and Nature Study miles . . . . 228,528 159 164 The Houston Metro Area offers the most.annual opportunity days for child's play, followed by surface acres for freshwater boating, boat fishing and skiing, baseball/softball, swimming (in pools), and picnicking. A comparison between opportunity days per thousand population for the Houston Metro Area and the Statewide Metro averag@ shows that Houston surpasses the statewide,average for three types of facilities -- basketball courts, baseball/softball fields, and surface acres for freshwater boating, boat fishing and skiing. The Houston Metro Area is below the Statewide Metro average for tennis, football/soccer, child's play, swimming (in pools), golf, picnicking, and the trails activities, with no opportunity days shown for boat ramps. 356 REGION 25 ESTIMATED CURRENT AND FUTURE PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METRO The first ranking metro area, Houston was found to be the number two metropolitan area in total participation during 1970. Estimates for 1970 indicate that residents and non-residents in the area spent over 62.2 million recreation days in pur@uit of urban outdoor recreation opportunities available within the metro area. Resident For the 19 activities shown, total participation in urban outdoor recreation activities by the residents of the Houston Metropolitan Area is expected to increase, as compared to the 1970 level of 59.5 million days, by 60.8 percent to 95.6 million by 1975 and by 139.7 percent to 142.5 million days by 1980. Participation on a days per household basis is projected to increase from 130.3 days in 1970 to 176.4 days in 1975 and to 227.1 days in 1980-- increases of 35.4 and 74.3 percent, respectively, over the 1970 level. Residents of the Houston Metropolitan Area are expected to participate at a rate of 4, 12, and 22 days per household above the statewide average for the other Texas metropolitan areas in 1970, 1975, and 1980, respectively. For the more distant years of 1990 and 2000, both total days of participation and days per household are expected to increase at substantial rates and will remain above the statewide average for all metropolitan areas. Projections for specific activities indicate that each of the 19 activities will increase in total days of partic- ipation through the years 1975 and 1980. Participation on a days per household basis is expected to increase in 15 activities by 2000 while football will remain constant. The activities of saltwater fishing, saltwater sUiing, and saltwater boating are expected to remain constant through the year 2000. In 1970 the six most popular activities, based on total participation, were estimated to be: swimming, bicycling, walking, child's play, driving for pleasure, and tennis, respectively. In 1975, it is anticipated that the following ranking will occur in the six most popular activities: bicycling, swimming, walking, tennis, child's play, and driving for pleasure. In 1980 bicycling will continue to be the first ranked activity, swimming number two, and walking will be third. Tennis, child's play, and driving for pleasure are expected to remain the fourth, fifth, and sixth ranked activities. Non-Resident Participation in urban outdoor recreation activities within the Houston Metropolitan Area by non-residents was estimated to total 2,734,000 days for the activities specified for 1970. Compared to the 1970 level, total partic- ipation is expected to increase 18.8 percent (to 3,249,000 days) by 1975, and 37.8 percent (to 3,767,000 days) by 1980. Similar increases are anticipated through the years 1990 and 2000. Of the specified activities analyzed, the most popular activities by non-residents for 1970 were: sightseeing, with 1,220,000 days; baseball, with 343,000 days; picnicking, with 289,000 days, driving for pleasure, with 212,000 days; swimming, with 186,000 days; and football, with 152,000 days. Assuming adequate facilities are made available, participation in all activities are expected to increase at a significant rate through the year 2000; however, they will retain the same relative ranking as exhibited in 1970. 357 REGION 25 CURRENT AND PROJECTED RESIDENT PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS (OOO'S OF ANNUAL ACTIVITY DAYS) 1970 19-7-5 1980 1990 2000 STATE- STATE- STATE- STATE- STATE- REG. 25 WIDE REG. 25 WIDE REG. 25 WIDE REG. 25 WIDE REG. 25 WIDE NETROS METROS METROS NETROS METROS @ETROS METROS METROS METROS NETROS PART, AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE ACTIVITY DAYS RA14K DAYS/HH DAYSAIH DAYS RANK DAYS/HH DAYS/HH DAYS RANK DAYS/HH DAYS /HH DAYS RANK DAYS/HH DAYS/HH DAYS RANK DAYS/HH DAYS/HH Swirming 14,000 1 30.67 27.41 20,980 . 2 38.70 36.52 29,970 2 47.75 47.17 55,210 2 69.11 75.28 92,290 2 95.14 110.14 Child's Play 6,097 4 13.36 14.08 8,609 5 15.88 17.72 11,850 5 18.88 22.00 20,440 5 25.59 32.20 32,250 5 33.24 43.99 Baseball/Softball 1,098 9 2.41 2.78 1,456 10 2.69 3.19 1,869 11 2.98 3.59 2,842 12 3.56 4.41 4,012 12 4.14- 5.22 Picnicking 1,861 7 4.08 5.72 2,228 8 4.11 5.66 2,610 10 4.16 5.66 3,387 10 4.24 5.61 4,183 11 4.31 5.64 Football/Soccer 614 11 1.35 1.43 729 14 1.34 1.42 843 14 1.34 1.41 1,069 14 1.34 1.39 1,292 15 1.33 1.38 Golf 1,796 8 3.93 3.92 2,558 7 4.72 4.98 3,496 7 5.57 6.16 5,948 9 7.45 8.96 9,242 9 9.53 12.07 Tennis 5,234 6 11.47 6.06 9,744 4 17.97 9.21 13,770 4 21.94 11.49 22,650 4 28.35 16.07 34,880 4 35.96 21.46 Basketball 469 13 1.03 1.60 1,440 11 2.66 2.59 2,691 9 4.29 3.57 6,029 8 7.55 5.52 10,484 8 10.81 7.53 Walking 7,520 3 16.47 18.21 11,991 3 22.12 23.09 20,917 3 33.32 29.20 40,083 3 50.17 39.89 65,018 3 67.02 50.31 Bicycling 11,762 2 25.77 20.30 23,549 1 43.44 32.77 38,362 1 61.12 45.25 77,064 1 96.46 68.44 127,870 1 131.81 95.49 Nature Study 582 12 1.27 .72 1,680 9 3.10 1.67 3,091 8 4.92 2.64 6,850 7 8.57 4.63 11,858 7 12.22 6.70 Fishing Freshwater 819 10 1.79 1.80 1,019 12 1.88 1.88 1,233 13 1.96 1.97 1,706 13 2.14 2.13 2,236 13 2.30 2.30 Saltwater 269 17 .59 1.81 320 18 .59 1.79 370 is .59 1.78 471 18 .59 1.77 572 18 .59 1.78 Boating Freshwater 402 14 .88 .88 865 13 1.60 1.60 1,450 12 2.31 2.31 2,988 11 3.74 3.74 5,015 10 5.17 5.17 Saltwater 383 15 .84 .84 455 16 .84 .84 527 16 .84 .84 671 17 .84 .84 815 17 .84 .84 Skiing Freshwater 191 18 .42 .42 336 17 .62 .62 514 17 .82 .82 974 15 1.22 1.22 1,571 14 1.62 1.81 Saltwater 20 19 .04 .05 23 19 .04 .04 27 19 .04 .04 34 19 .04 .04 42 19 .04 .04 Surfing --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- Sightseeing 373 16 .82 2.25 466 15 .86 2.34 569 15 .91 2.50 785 16 .98 2.70 1,012 16 1.04 3.01 Dr. for Pleas. 5 9,81 5 13610 13.38 7 @170 6 13.23 13.52 8 3,90 6 13937 13.67 IO,@48 6 13m58 13.86 13 3_69 6 l3a78 14.10 TOTAL 59,471 130.29 123.66 95,618 176.39 161.45 142,549 227.11 202.07 260,049 325.52 288.70 418,011 430.89 388.98 CURRENT AND PROJECTED NON-RESIDENT PART1CIPATION, 1970-2000 TOTAL CURRENT AND PROJECTED PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 (OOO'S OF ANNUAL ACTIVITY DAYS) (OOO'S OF ANNUAL ACTIVITY DAYS) ACTIVITY 1970 1975 1980 1990 2000 ACTIVITY 1970 1975 1980 1990 2000 Swiming 186 221 256 340 409 S.inuning 14,186 21,201 30,226 55,550 92,699 Child's Play 45 53 62 82 99 Child's Play 6,142 8,662 11,912 20,522 32,349 Baseball/Softball 343 407 472 628 755 Baseball/Softball 1,441 1,863 2,341 3,470 4,767 Picnicking 289 344 398 529 637 Picnicking 2,150 2,572 3,008 3,916 4,820 Football/Soccer 152 181 210 279 335 Football/Soccer 766 910 1,053 1,348 1,627 Golf 26 30 35 47 56 Golf 1,822 2,588 3,531 5,995 9,298 Tennis 7 8 9 12 15 Tennis 5,241 9,752 13,779 22,662 34,895 Basketball 10 12 14 19 23 Basketball 479 1,452 2,705 6,048 10,507 Walking 56 66 77 102 122 Walking 7,576 12,057 20,994 40,185 65,140 Bicycling Bicycling 11,762 23,549 38,362 77,064 127,870 Nature Study 3 3 4 5 6 Nature Study 585 1,683 3,095 6,855 11,864 Fishing Fishing Freshwater 23 27 32 42 50 Freshwater 842 1,046 1,265 1,748 2,286 Saltwater 92 109 126 168 202 Saltwater 361 429 496 639 774 Boating Boating Freshwater 8 10 12 15 19 Freshwater 410 875 1,462 3,003 5,034 Saltwater 62 74 86 114 137 Saltwater 445 529 613 785 952 Skiing Skiing Freshwater Freshwater 191 336 514 974 1,571 Saltwater Saltwater 20 23 27 34 42 Surfing --- --- --- --- --- Surfing --- --- --- --- --- Sightseeing 1,220 1,451 1,681 2,234 2,688 Sightseeing 1,593 1,917 2,250 3,019 3,700 Dr. for Pleas. 212 253 293 389 468 Dr. for Pleas. 6-191 7@423 8,683 11,237 11 A37 TOTAL 2,734 3,249 3,767 5,005 6,021 TOTAL 62,205 98,867 146,316 265,054 424,032 358 Note: Asterisks indicate that projected annual activity days were less than 500. Dashes indicate not applicable. Zeros indicate that the activity was not ranked due to insignificant participation days recorded. REGION 25 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 Estimates of urban outdoor recreation resource requirements wer T/ developed for the Houston Metropolitan Area for the years 1970, 1975, 1980 '1990 and 2000 by comparing current= and projected recreation participation with the current recreation opportunities-1/ available in the metro. In addition, the availability and spatial distribution of recreation opportunities provided by parks and recreation facilities were analyzed with respect to subsections of the Houston Metro characterized by residents having similar incomes and ethnic backgrounds. Particular attention was given to those subsections expected to undergo relatively rapid population growth and physical expansion in the future. Conclusions reached fron analyzing the di 'stribution of recreation opportunities within the metropolitan area were used to qualify resource requirement estimates where a less than adequate distribution appeared to exist. In the discussions that follow, results of the distribution analysis of parks within subsections of the Houston Metro Area are presented. Then, estimates of current and future requirements for selected recreation facilities are presented, and are qualified by conclusions reached from the distribution analysis of recreation facilities within subsections of the Houston Metro. PARK DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS In analyzing the availability and distribution of parks in the Houston Metro Area, several characteristics were con- sidered: changes in population (or trends in general, 1960 to 1970), areas of the metro which were expected to exhibit relatively major expansion, and the dispersion of existing parks among the income/ethnic subsections of the metro. From these interrelated characteristics general conclusions were reached with respect to future park developments for the metro area. Population trends affected estimations of future recreation participation. Projections of population growth for the metro indicate that the 1970 metro population of 1,437,972 will increase to nearly 3,000,000 by the year 2000. The Houston Metropolitan Area is one of the fastest growing areas in the United States, increasing at a rate which ex- ceeds 60,000 persons per year. Information furnished by planners in 1971 indicates that directions of major urban expansion were the northwest, southwest, and north (as illustrated by arrows on the map,- titled "Predominant Ethnic Backgroun d and Income Subsections."). Although this map indicates that much of the area south of the Intercontinental Airport was non-urban, urban expansion in the past few years has, in fact, already encompassed much of this area. l/ "Current" participation refers to levels of participation by type of selected recreation activity which were estimated for the year 1970. 2/ "Current" recreation opportunities refers to computed figures derived from the numbers of publicly-administered facilities by type available within the metro area in 1971. 359 REGION 25 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: NETROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 Many ethnic and income combinations were represented within the metro boundary of the nation's fifth largest city. The "Predominant Ethnic Background and Income Subsections" map indicates approximately thirty major subsections, as delineated by planners in 1971. A very brief analysis of this map is presented, beginning with low-income subsections. Generally, low-income neighborhoods were located in the north, northeast, and near south portions of Houston, and scattered through the southeastern contiguous urban areas. The main concentrations of low-income Mexican-Americans were found immediately east of Houston's central business district, in Jacinto City and in Galena Park. Two main areas of low-income Blacks were in the northeast quadrant, and in the south central portion of Houston. Low-income Anglos were not concentrated in any large area but were scattered through some of the southeastern contiguous urban areas, such as Pasadena, Deer Park, and LaPort@_,. Middle-income subsections comprised the majority of the metro. middle-income Anglos were concentrated in south- western, southeastern, northern, and northeastern Houston, and in all of the southeastern contiguous urban areas, including Lomax which was virtaully all middle-income Anglo. Middle-income Blacks were concentrated primarily in south central and northeastern Houston, and in parts of Bellaire, West University Place, and South Houston. The main concentration of high-income Anglo neighborhoods was in northwest Houston, and in the contiguous urban areas of Spring Valley, Hedwig Village, Bunker Hill Village, Piney Point Village, and Hunters Creek Village. Scattered high-income subsections also were located in Bellaire, South Houston, Pasadena, and Deer Park. The "Dispersion of Parks By Type" map shows the geographic distribution of parks in the Houston Metro in 1971. Com- pared with the "Predominant Ethnic Background and Income Subsection" map, parks in general appeared to be reasonably well distributed. However, there were nine small.income-ethnic subsections which had no parks of any kind. Three contiguous urban areas in the northwestern part of the metro (Spring Valley, Bunker Hill Village, and Piney Point Village), all of which were high-income Anglo, had no public parks in 1971. Also, a high-income Anglo subsection on the western extremity of LaPorte did not have a public park. The only middle-income subsection which lacked a park was a Black neighborhood in southwestern Houston, south of Interstate 610. The other four subsections which lacked a public park of any type were low-income areas: an Anglo neighborhood in the far northern portion of Pasadena, an Anglo area in LaPorte, a Mexican-American neighborhood just east of Lomax' and a Black subsection in the northern part of LaPorte. This analysis would seem to suggest that the contiguous urban area of LaPorte, in the extreme southeastern part of the metro, might be an area where additional parks should be considered. District parks, the large developed parks containing facilities for at least two major activities, tended to be clustered in that portion of the metro south of Interstate 10 and east of Highway 288. There seemed to be a general absence of district parks in west central Houston, in northwest Houston, and in north Houston, all of which were areas of rapid urban expansion. There were no specialty parks in that part of the metro south of Interstate 610, east of Highway 59, and west of Interstate 45. Open land parks were very highly clustered in central Houston, for example, immediately west and northeast of the central business district. Open land parks generally were absent in south and southwest Houston, in the far west, and in the area north of Highway 90. When resources permit, considera- 360 z D 0 CD co 0 C.) E r LU CO r LL: Z LU CL 0 z 0 0 14ous n C) Z 0 z > Q C CD Lu r cr Z 02 D ............ (0 CL LO X.. e. -A0 o f LO 04 SL 0- z 0 Z cc X@, cc 0 LLJ Lu. IL F- CC Z XAA X>@ 44 >1 xxxx>O@-X>,@ y < cc Lu E > > 5 0 sely z 0 cc 0 0 'A z z z 0 u 06. z I z c z z z Oi o 0 0 uz.w z z 0 Dz@ t O:i x a I Z 2. z 0, > > C2 > > > c- to . . . z z z <, z z z 2, Z. ui z Iz Z, Z, < ,Z I I z z z i < a c 0 0 2 2 < 0 0 a 01 0 0 0 3: 'ZO Z' 00 0> u u I u . z z . Z - I ,X 0 < iz :2 0 E3 El El E3 11 .... SION EN 0 CI) < LL D ui 0 z 0 < X u > LU < 0 0 RX.X., 0 z 0 w cc co 0 LU < LLI (n REGION 25 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 tion probably should be given to the acquisition of open land parks, an important factor in maintaining a pleasant and well-balanced urban environment. In addition to maintaining an adequate dispersion of parks in all portions of the metro area, the provision of different types of recreational facilities in parks is also an important consideration. An analysis of the current and future requirements for selected recreational facilities and the current dispersion of facilities in the Houston Metro is presented in the following discussions. FACILITY REQUIREMENTS AND DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS As mentioned previously, requirements for selected recreational facilities (see the following table) were calculated for the years 1970, 1975, 1980, 1990, and 2000. Then, an analysis of the disper sion of existing facilities among the predominant income/ethnic subsections and the major growth areas of the metro was conducted. Conclusions reached from the facility dispersion analysis were then used to qualify the facility requirement estimates, particularly in those cases where no additional 'facilities were estimated as being needed within the metropolitan area. Usually, special note is made where growth areas appeared to have limited facilities. The methodology used to calculate facility requirements in general is explained in Appendix C, Part I--An Overview of the urban volume. In the discussions that follow, resource requirements for recreational facilities are generally referred to by units of the most important feature necessary to allow participation. For example, when a requirement is shown for swimming pools, features such as a bathhouse, cleaning and filtering system, and other support features are implied when a requirement for the major facility is shown. Swimming Houston Metro planners reported a total of 14,785 square yards of public swimming pools in 1971. Given a conversion standard of 150 days per year per square yard, there were 2,218,000 opportunity days available. When this is compared with the 9,998,000 participation days in 1970, a deficit of 7,780,000 days results, which translates into a require- ment of 51,867 square yards for 1970. Assuming the 1971 opportunities level has remained unchanged, the cumulative resource requirement has been estimated to increase to 84,827 square yards in 1975,and is predicted to rise to 127,233 square yards by 1980, to 246,227 square yards by 1990, and to 420,773 square yards by the year 2000. The lack of adequate public facilities for swimming was so severe in 1971 that nearly all areas of the metro seemed to have an inadequate supply. Child's Play There were 295 developed acres devoted to playground activities in 1971. With a facility standard of 27,623 days per year per acre, a total of 8,149,000 opportunity days was provided. Although this opportunity level was adequate to meet estimated participation in 1970, without additional facilities a deficit was predicted for 1975 of about 362 REGION 25 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: NETROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 513,000 opportunity days. This generated a requirement of nineteen acres of additional developed playground facil- ities. Cumulative resource requirements were expected to increase to 136 additional acres by 1980, 448 acres by 1990, and 876 acres by the year 2000. Dispersion of playground facilities in 1971 appeared to be well balanced; additional facilities probably should be considered in areas expecting further expansion. Baseball/Softball The 283 fields which provided 3,907,000 opportunity days in 1971 should be adequate until the year 2000, when 62 fields are required. Although a dispersion analysis was not possible from available information, consideration should be given to providing a balanced distribution relative to growth areas and the various income/ethnic subsections. Picnicking In 1971, the 123 parks provided a combined total of 1,238 public picnic tables which when multiplied by a conversion standard of 1,702 days per year per table, provided approximately 2,107,000 opportunity days. A comparison of oppor- tunity days with estimated participation days suggested a requirement.of 25 additional tables in 1970, and this increases to 273 picnic tables over the 1971 level for 1975. Resource requirements have been calculated to increase to 529 picnic tables by 1980, to 1,063 tables by 1990, and to 1,594 tables by the year 2000. Analysis of facility dispersion indicates that the north, northwest, southwest, and other growth areas will probably require additional public picnicking facilities. Football/Soccer With a facility standard of 7,224 days per year per field, the forty fields enumerated in 1971 provided about 289,000 opportunity days, well below the estimated demand of 766,000 days. Resource requirements have been calculated to increase from 66 fields in 1970 to 86 fields in 1975, to 106 fields in 1980, to 147 fields in 1990, and to 185 fields by the year 2000. Although a dispersion analysis was not possible from available information, consideration should be given to providing a balanced distribution relative to,growth areas and the various income/ethnic subsections. Golf The four municipal golf courses provided an estimated 291,000 opportunity days in 1971. With a facility standard of 4,047 days per year per hole, this opportunity level was well below the estimated demand of 1,822,000 days in-1970. Resource requirement of 378 additional golf holes was estimated for 1970. A total of 568 additional holes (the equivalent of approximately thirty-two eighteen-hole courses) was required by 1975, and this requirement was expected to increase to 801 holes (approximately forty-four eighteen-hole courses) by 1980, to 1,409 holes (approximately seventy-eight eighteen hole courses) in 1990, and to 2,226 holes (approximately 124 eighteen-hole courses) by the year 2000. Nearly all income/ethnic subsections lacked publicly-administered golf courses in i971. 363 REGION 25 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 Tennis There appeared to be a serious need for tennis facilities in 1970. There were only 137 publicly-administered courts in the entire metro. With a conversion standard of 2,694 days per year per court, these 137 courts provided a com- bined total of only 369,000 opportunity days, considerably below the estimated 5,241,000 days of demand. A total of 1,808 additional tennis courts were needed in 1970, and this resource requirement was estimated to have risen to 3,483 courts by 1975. By 1980, 4,978 courts over the 1971 level will be required in order to accommodate anticipated demand. Cumulative requirements have been calculated to increase to 8,275 courts in 1990 and to 12,816 courts by the year 2000. Although a dispersion analysis was not possible from available information, consideration should be given to providing a balanced distribution relative to growth areas and the various income/ethnic subsections. Basketball The 120 basketball courts enumerated in 1971 provided approximately 1,055,000 opportunity days. While this was adequate in 1970, a deficit of 397,000 opportunity days was anticipated for 1975 if no additional facilities have been provided. Resource requirements indicated that, with a facility standard of 8,795 days per year per court, forty-five courts in addition to the 1971 supply were needed to accommodate an increase in demand by 1975. Cumula- tive requirements have been calculated to increase to 188 courts by 1980, to 568 courts by 1990, and to over 1,000 additional courts by the year 2000. Although a dispersion analysis was not possible from available information, consideration should be given to providing a balanced distribution relative to growth areas and the various income/ ethnic subsections. Trails Activities An analysis of the accompanying table shows that the 1970 estimated demand for trail facilities (relative to the activities of nature study, bicycling, and walking) greatly exceeded availability in 1971. In 1971, twenty-seven miles of trail, some of which were multiple use, provided about 229,000 days of opportunity, given a conversion standard of 8,464 days per year per mile of trail. Assuming that the 1971 opportunities level had remained unchanged, an additional 136 miles were needed in 1970 and '274 miles by 1975; this cumulative requirement expands to 489 miles by 1980, 998 miles in 1990, and 1,667 miles by the year 2000. A relatively small proportion of the total participation in trail and related activities was estimated to take place in publicly-administered park and recreation areas. It is likely, however, that.as additional trail facilities are provid,ed, the relative proportion of total participation will increase at these recreation areas. Thus, the above estimates of additional resources required may be conservation in the long run and should be considered as minimum estimates. In addition the expectations for increases in participation in trail and related activities at publicly- administered park and recreation areas, it is clear that the major proportion of walking, bicycling, and nature study is occurring in places other than established recreation areas. The majority of this participation is most likely taking place in local neighborhoods, on city streets, and on available open lands within the area. This 364 REGION 25 R E C R E A-T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 phenomenon has direct policy implications with respect to the provision of sidewalks within currently existing and newly developing neighborhoods, the development of a system of bike lanes in high use areas, and the provision of adequate open space and green belt areas within the metro area. Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing Surface Acres - Freshwater Lakes (Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing) A total of 12,258 surface acres of freshwater lakes was located within the Houston Metro Area in 1971. It should be noted, however, that a majority of the reported freshwater acreage was provided by Lake Houston, located approx- imately twelve and a half miles from the main metropolitan area and may not be considered imaw-diately accessible to the urban users who reside within the core of the metro. Therefore, the large supply of freshwater reported may not be representative of the actual resources available to the entire Houston populace. Using participation patterns of households recreating in the urban areas, it was estimated thatboating totaled 410,000 days, boat fishing 178,000 days, and skiing 191,999 days for a total of 779,000 days in 1970. Comparing estimated participa- tion with the opportunities provided by the surface acres existing in 1971 indicates that no additional surface acres will be needed until the year 2000, when 4,732 surface acres will be required. Freshwater Boat Rampsl/ No publicly-administered freshwater boat lanes were reported for the Houston Metro Area in 1971. By estimating the 1970 total freshwater boat fishing, skiing, and boating participation which would have occurred using freshwater boat ramp facilities to gain access to the water if ramps had been available, it was calculated that twenty-two boat ramps were needed in 1970. Projected increases in freshwater boat fishing, skiing, and boating participation are expected to require seventeen additional freshwater boat ramps in 1975, twenty-one in 1980, fifty-four in 1990, ,and seventy in the year 2000, bringing the cumulative resource requirement to 184 ramps in the year 2000. Since boat ramps are the most frequently used means by which boaters, skiers, and boat fishermen gain access to freshwater lakes, the provision of freshwater boat ramps required could be constructed on existing freshwater lakes if the lakes are available for water-related activities. I/ In calculating freshwater boat ramp resource requirements the assumption was made that each boat ramp has two lanes. Supply figures listed in the "Park and Recreation Facilities by Type of Park" table and quoted in the narratives are in terms of single lanes. 365 REGION 25 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T@S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 Saltwater Boat Ramps.1/ In terms of saltwater resources, Seabrook and LaPorte were the only areas within the metro having access to coastal waters in 1970. One publicly-administered saltwater boat lane providing access to and from the saltwater resources was reported within the metro in 1971. By estimating the 1970 total saltwater boat fishing, skiing, and boating participation which would have occurred using saltwater boat ramp facilities to gain access to the saltwater areas if ramps had been available, it was calculated that nine ramps were needed in 1970. Expected increases in salt- water boat fishing, skiing, and boating participation are projected to require incremental saltwater boat ramp addi- tions of two in 1975, two in 1980, four in 1990, and three in the year 2000, bringing the cumulative requirement to an additional twenty ramps in 2000. Summary of Facilities Requirements In 1971 the only type of facility which was not available was publicly administered freshwater boat ramps, which indicates that ramps should be provided as soon as is practical. However, in 1971 an inadequate quantity of facil- ities existed for all designated activities except child's play; baseball/softball; basketball; and surface acres for freshwater boating, fishing, and skiing. (It should be noted that the apparent surplus in surface acres of freshwater is a function of the inclusion of Lake Houston, which may not be conveniently located for a large segment of residents in the Houston Metro.) In view of a rapidly increasing population and a per household participation level which continues to accelerate, the metro area will require very substantial increases in opportunities for nearly all activities, in a wide range of locations, if opportunities are to adequately accommodate predicted participation. l/ In calculating saltwater boat ramp resource requirements the assumption was made that each boat ramp has two lanes. Supply figures listed in the "Park and Recreation Facilities by Type of Park" table and quoted in the narratives are in terms of single lanes. 366 REGION 25 RECREATION RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS 0 TOTAL 1971 OPPORTUNITY NET OPPORTUNITY DAYS PARTICIPATION DAYS AVAILABLE (OOO'S OF UNITS OF RECREATION (000's OF (000's OF ACTIVITY DAYS) RESOURCES REQUIRED YEAR ACTIVITY ACTIVITY DAYS) ACTTVITN@ DAYS) DEFICIT SURPLUS CUMULATIVE INCREMENTAL Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 9,998 2,218 7,780 51,867 square yards 2/ 51,867 square yards Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 6,142 8,149 2,007 0acres 0 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 1,441 3,907 2,466 0fields 0 fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,150 2,107 43 25 tables 25 tables FootbaillSoccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 766 289 477 66 fields 66 fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,822 291 1,531 378 holes 378 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,241 369 4,872 1,808 courts, dbl. 1,808 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479 1,055 576 0courts, full 0 courts, full 1970 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW 779 5,113 4,334 0surface acres 0 surface acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 592 0 592 22 ramps3/ 22 ramps3/ Boating,' Boat Fishing, Skiing SW . . . 213 11 202 9ramps@/ 9 ramps-5/ Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . ... . . . . 795 4/ 78 miles 78 miles Bicycling . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . 470 4/ 46 miles 46 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 4/ 12 miles 12 miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, 4/ Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 1,383 - 229 1,154 136 miles 136 miles ACTIVITY 2/ Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 14,942 2,218 12,724 84,827 square yardsv 32,960, square yards- Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 8,662 8,149 513 19 acres 19"acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 1,863 3,907 2,044 0fields 0 fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,572 2,107 465 273 tables 248 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 910 289 621 86 fields 20 fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,588 291 2,297 568 holes 190 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,752 369 9,383 3,483 courts, dbl. 1,675 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,452 1,055 397 45 courts, full 45 courts, full 1975 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing rW . . . 1,432 5,113 3,681 0surface acres 0 surface acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing P14 . . . 1,049 0 1,049 39 ramps3/ 17 ramps!/ Boating, Boa@ Fishing, Skiing SW 252 11 241 11 ramps!/ 2 ramps2/ Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,266 4/ 136 miles 58 miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 942 4/ 101 miles 55 miles Nature SLudy . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338 4/ 37 miles 25 miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, 4/ Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 2,546 229 2,317 274 miles 138 miles 367 REGION 25 RECREATION RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS TOTAL 1971 OPPORTUNITY NET OPPORTUNITY DAYS PARTICIPATION DAYS AVAILABLE (OOO'S OF UNITS OF RECREATION (OOO'S OF (000's ( k' ACTIVITY DAYS) RESOURCES REQUIRED YEAR ACTIVITY ACTIVITY DAYS) ACTIVITY DAYS DEFICIT SURPLUS CUMULATIVE INCREMENTAL 2,218 19,085 127,233 square yards 2/ 42,406 square yards 2/ Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 21,303 Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 11,912 8,149 3,763 136 acres 117 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 2,341 3,907 1,566 0 fields 0 fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . ... . . 3,008 2,107 901 529 tables 256 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,053 289 764 106 fields 20 fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,531 291 3,240 801 holes 233 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,779 369 13,410 4,978 courts, dbl. 1,495 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,705 1,055 1,650 188 courts, full 143 courts. full 1980 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 2,243 5,113 2,870 0 surface acres 0 surface acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 1,616 0 1,616 60 ramps!/ 2i ramps3/ Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing SW . . . 293 11 282 13 ramps2/ 2 ramp.2/ Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,204 4/ 247 miles 111 miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,534 '41 172 miles 71 miles Nature Study . . . ... . . . . . . . . 622 4/ 70 miles 33 miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, 4/ 229 4,131 489 miles 215 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 4,360 - ACTIVITY Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 39,152 1/ 2,218 36,934 246,227 square yards@/ 118,994 square yards Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 20,522 8,149 12,373 448 acres 312 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 3,470 3,907 437 0 fields 0 fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,916 2,107 1,809 1,063 tables 534 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,348 289 1,059 147 fields 41 fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,995 291 5,704 1,409 holes 608 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,662 369 22,293 8,275 courts, dbl. 3,297 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,048 1,055 4,993 568 courts, full 380 courts, full 1990 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 4,346 5,113 767 0 surface acres 0 surface acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW 3,076 0 3,076 114 ramps2/ 54 ramps3/ Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing SW 375 11 364 17 ramps.2/ 4 ramps!/ Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,219 4/ 485 miles 238 miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 083 355 miles 183 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1:378 158 miles 88 miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, 4/ 229 8,451 998 miles 509 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 8,680 - 368 REGION 25 RECREATION RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS TOTAL 1971 OPPORTUNITY NET OPPORTUNITY DAYS PARTICIPATION DAYS AVAILABLE (OOO'S OF UNITS OF RECREATION (OOO'S OF (OOO'S OF ACTIVITY DAYS) RESOURCES REQUIRED YEAR ACTIVITY ACTIVITY DAYS) ACTIVITY DAYS) DEFICIT SURPLUS CUMULATIVE INCRI24ENTAL Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 65,334 2,218 63,116 420,773 square yardsz/ 174,546 square yards-Z/ Child's Play (Playgrounds) .. . . . . . 32,349 8,149 24,200 876 acres 428 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 4,767 3,907 860 62 fields 62 fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,820 2,107 2,713 1,594 tables 531 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,627 289 1,338 185 fields 38 fields Golf . . . . . i . . . . . . . . . . . 9,298 291 9,007 2,226 holes 817 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,895 369 34,526 12,816 courts, dbl. 4,541 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . ... . 10,567 1,055 9,452 1,075 courts, full 507 courts, full 2000 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 7,087 5,113 1,974 4,732 surfac7 acres 4,732 surfa- acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing F14 . . . 4,974 0 4,974 184 ramps 3 70 ra.ps27 Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing SW . . . 455 11 444 20 ramps3/ 3 ramps-3/ Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 840 4/ 795 miles 310 miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5:115 4/ 595 miles 240 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,385 277 miles 119 miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 14,340 229 14,111 1,667 miles 669 miles 1/ Includes only swimming participation occurring in swimming pools, 70.48 percent of the total in urban areas on the Gulf Coast. Designated freshwater and saltwater swimming areas may be substituted for swimming pools. When making substitutions consider total swimming participation. 3/ Assumes 2.0 lanes per ramp. Z/ Reflects estimated participation occurring in park and recreation areas; does not include participation occurring outside park and recreation areas. of the total walking, bicycling, and nature study participation it was determined that 10.5, 4.0, and 20.1 percent, respectively for each activity, occurs in park and recreation areas. 369 c 0 > > c CD cm c 0 m I I TH $7 > 0 ADE v w o' @o REGION 27 REGIONAL DESCRIPTION: BEAUMONT-PORT ARTHUR METROPOLITAN AREA The Region 27 metropolitan area is composed.of the cities and POPULATION towns of Beaumont, Port Arthur, Groves, Nederland, Port Neches, 1970 Metro Area Population: 228,440 Pear Ridge, Lakeview, and Griffing Park. Change 1960-70: 1/1 Race Composition 1@- Beaumont, the county seat of Jefferson County, began as a White ..... 74% 21 settlement where early French and Spanish trappers and Negro ..... 25% explorers established atrading post in the early 1800's. Other .5% Today, this metropolitan area-is an industrial giant with oil Age Composition (years): refineries and petrochemical plants. Beaumont is the site of 13 or less ..... 27% a thriving deep water port and a center for the processing and 14 - 20 ..... 14% distribution of agricultural products from surrounding areas. 21 - 44 ..... 29% Annual events in Beaumont are the Neches River Festival (April), 45 - 64 ..... 22% the Spindletop Charity Horse Show (April), and the South Texas 65 and over ..... 8% State Fair (October). Another popular attraction in the city is the Lucas Gusher Monument, the site of the first gusher, which ECONOMY gave birth to the oil industry in the region in 1901. Beaumont Chemicals is the home of Lamar University. Petrochemicals Petroleum Port Arthur, located on Sabine Lake, was established in 1840. Rice Milling Port Arthur claims distinction with its quote, "We Oil the World," Shipping because nearly a million barrels of crude oil are refined here each day. Port Arthur is the site of a major deep water port with principal port commodities being petroleum, coke, lumber, grain, hoop steel, scrap iron, asphalt, wax, and paints. Other industries in Port Arthur include commercial fishing and shipbuilding. The Port Arthur Spring Flower Show (March and April), the Annual Festival of Barber Shop Harmony (April), and the CavOILcade (October) are annual events in Port Arthur. The city is the home of Port Arthur College. Griffing Park, Groves, Lakeview, and Pear Ridge are principal cities and towns of Jefferson County, one of the State's most populous counties. Nederland was once the center of an area whose economy was based on rice farming and dairying. Today, the economy of Nederland is dominated by oil refineries and chemical plants. A popular attraction in Nederland is the Windmill Museum. The Jefferson County Sheriff's Posse Rodeo is held each July. Port Neches has experienced continual growth in the past partially due to its location on the Neches River, which provides deep water transportation. It is the location of some large oil company plants and the world's largest synthetic rubber plant. 1/- Due to lack of information for some suburbs in the metropolitan area, data for the entire county was from the 1970 census. 2/ Includes persons of Mexican and/or Spanish descent. 371 REGION 27 CITY SIZE: METRO P U B L I C L Y A D M I N I S T E R E D R E C R E A T 1 0 N 0 P P 0 R T U N I T I E S LAND AND WATER ACREAGE ACRES REGION STATEWIDE 27 AVERAGE METRO METRO AREAS 96% Developed Land 1,234 1,307 REGION Undeveloped Land 52 536 27 4% METRO Total Land 1,286 1,843 Water Within or Adjacent 0 1,006 Total Land and Water 1,286 2,849 FM DEVELOPED LAND UNDEVELOPED LAND The Beaumont-Port Arthur Area has a total of 1,286 acres of land set aside as'park and recreation areas. No surface acres of water either within or adjacent to the parks were reported. 71% Of the total land acreage, 1,234 acres are developed STATEWIDE with facilities, leaving 52 acres available for future AVERAGE development. With 96 percent of the land acreage METRO AREAS currently developed, the Area is well above the Statewide Metro average of 71 percent. 29% 372 Cf) I,. 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Yd.) ................... 460 5,080 0 5,540 41 24.298 25.950 Designated Fresh Water (Sq. Yd.).. 0 0 0 0 --- --- 52.242 Designated Salt Water (Sq. Yd.) ... 0 0 0 0 --- --- --- Boating: Parks .......................... .. 1 0 0 1 228,400 .004 .006 Ramp Lanes - Fresh Water ....... :.. 2 0 0 2 114,200 .008 .008 Ramp Lanes - Salt Water ........... 0 0 0 0 --- --- --- Camping: Parks .......... o .@ ................o 1 0 0 1 228,400 .004 .002 Campsites .......... o ............ 0. 94 0 0 94 2,429 .412 .121 Fishing: Parks ..................... o ....... 0 0 0 0 --7 --- .013 Pier/Barge/Marina-Fresh Water(Yd.) 0 0 0 0 --- --- .049 Pier/Barge/Marina-Salt Water(Yd.). 0 0 0 0 --- --- --- Golfing: Courses ........ o .................. 2 0 0 2 114,200 .008 .005 Holes ............................. 36 0 0 36 6,344 .157 .100 Trails: Parks .................. o .......... 1 .0 0 1 228,400 .004 .006 Nature (Mi.) ...................... 4 0 0 4 57,100 .017 .009 Horseback (Mi.) ....... o ........... 4 0 0 4 57,100 .017 .003 Bicycle (Mi.) ....... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .007 Hiking (Mi.) ........o ........ o.... 4 0 0 4 57,100 .017 .006 Total Trails (Mi.) ................ 12 0 0 12 19,033 .052 .021 375 REGION 27 PARK AND RECREATION FACILITIES BY TYPE OF PARK CITY SIZE: METRO UNITS PERTHOUSAND DISTRICT COMMUNITY SPECIALTY PEOPLE REGION STATEWIDE TYPE OF FACILITY PARK PARK PARK TOTAL PER 27 AVERAGE (UNITS) (UNITS) (UNITS) UNITS UNIT METRO METRO AREAS Sport Shooting: Parks ............................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .002 Traps ............................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- 002 Shooting Targets .................. 0 0 0 0 --- :004, Archery Targets .................... 0 0 0 0 --- - .011. Miscellaneous: Parks ............................. 2 2 1 5 45,680 .021 .03& Amphitheatre Seats ................ 0 0 0 0 1.@077 Botanical Gardens (Acres) ......... 0 0 5 5 45,680 .021 .077 zoos (Acres) .................. 0 0 0 0 --- .. 0, 5 11 Community/Recreation Centers..:::* 2 2 1 5 45,680 .021 .,038 Most of the park and recreation facilities in the Beaumont Area are in District and Community Parks. The Specialty Parks have only games and sports facilities and playgrounds, in addition to a botanical garden and a community[recreation center. The only boating, camping, golfing, and trail facilities are in the District Park category. A.total,of seven parks were,reported with swimming facilities, all but one of these a Community Park. A total of five community/recre- ational centers were inventoried. No salt water swimming, boating, or fishing, facilities were reporte&, of the 61 parks, 52 have playgrounds, 40 have games and sports facilities, 37 have picnicking facilitiesand 7 have swimming pools. The most common types of games and sports facilities are baseball/softball with 55 fields, followed by tennis with 32 courts, basketball with 20 courts and football/soccer with.5 fields. Looking at selected facilities id relation to the number of potential users we find the following: 45,680 persons for each football/soccer field 4,152 persons for each baseballisoftball field 45,680 persons for each community/recreation center 2,429 persons for each campsite 19,033 persons for each mile of trails 2,196 persons for each acre of playground 11,420 persons for each basketball court 845 persons for each picnic table 7,137 persons for each tennis court 41 persons for each square yard of swimming pool 6,344 persons for each golf hole The Beaumont Metro Area is above the Statewide Metro average for facility units per 1,000 for basketball courts, baseball/softball fields, playground acres, campsites, golf holes and trail miles. The Area is equal to the average for boat ramp lanes-fresh water, while falling below the average for tennis courts, football/soccer fields, picnic tables, square yards of swimming pools, acres of botanical gardens and community/recreation centers. No designated fresh water swimming area, yards of fishing pier/barge/marina, sport shooting facilitieb,, amphiteatre seats or zoo acreage were reported. 376 REGION 27 CONVERSION OF FACILITIES TO RECREATION OPPORTUNITY DAYS CITY SIZE: METRO Current opportunity days for 1971 were calculated by multiplying the number of facilities available for -each activity in the metro area (determined from the Texas Outdoor Recreation Inventory of Parks, Recreation Areas, and Facilities) times the standard for the facility. DAYS PER THOUSAND POPULATION ANNUAL REGION STATEWIDE DAYS 27 AVERAGE ACTIVITY-FACILITY AVAILABLE METRO METRO Swimming (Pools) square yards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 831,000 3,645 3,891 Child's Play - playground acres ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,872,792 12,600 7,137 Baseball/Softball - fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 759,220 3,330 2,577 Picnicking - tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459,540 2,016 2,093 Football/Soccer - fields . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . 36,720 158 235 Golf - holes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145,692 639 414 Tennis - courts, double . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86,208 378 384 Basketball - courts, full . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175,900 771 625 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW - surface acres . . . . . . 0 0 2,962 Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW - boat ramps . . . .. . . . . 26,972 138 103 Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing SW - boat ramps . . . . . . . . 0 0 33 Trail Activities: Combined Walking, Bicycling, and Nature Study - miles . . . . 67,712 297 364 The Beaumont Metro Area offers the most opportunity days for child's'play, followed by swimming (in pools), baseball/ softball and picnicking. A comparison between the opportunity days per thousand population for the Beaumont Metro Area and the Statewide Metro average shows that the Beaumont Metro Area surpasses the statewide average for six types of facilities -- children's playgrounds (in acres), baseball/ so'f tball fields, golf courses (holes), basketball courts, freshwater boat ramps and the miles of trails for the trails activities. The Beaumont Metro Area is below the State- wide Metro average for swimming (in pools), picnicking, football/ soccer, and tennis, with no opportunity days av Iailable for surface acres for freshwater boating, boat fishing and skiing,and saltwater boat ramps. 377 REGION 27 ESTIMAJED CURRENT AND FUTURE PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: MEMO The.seventh ranking metro area, based on population, Beaumont also ranked seventh in total participation for the year 1970. Estimates for 1970 indicate that residents and non-residents in the area spent over 9.8 million recrea- tion days in pursuit of urban outdoor recreation opportunities available within the metro area. Resident Total days of participation in urban outdoor recreation activities by residents of the Beaumont Metropolitan Area were estimated to be 9.6 million days in 1970. Total participation is projected to increase 13.6 million days in 1975 and to 18.2 million days in 1980. These projections represent increases of 41.4 percent by 1975 and 89.4 per- cent by 1980. Participation on a days per household basis is projected to increase from 129.2 days in 1970 to 171.4 days in 1975, and to 216.0 days in 1980--increases of 32.7 and 67.2 percent, respectively, over the 1970 level. Residents of the Beaumont Metropolitan Area are expected to participate at a rate of .2 days per household below the statewide average for the other Texas metropolitan areas in 1970, four days higher than the statewide average in 1975, and eleven days above the average in 1980. All activities, except nature study, are, projpcted to increase in total days of participation through the year 2000. However,,when considering participation on a days per household basis, only 14 of the 19 activities are expected to increase while football, fishing, boating, skiing, and nature study will remain relatively constant. In 1970 the activities ranking one through six, respectively, in total days of participation were estimated to be: walking, swimming, bicycling, child's play, driving for pleasure, and picnicking. The top six activities for 1975 are expected to be: walking, bicycling, swimming, driving for pleasure, child's play, and saltwater fishing. In 1980 the most popular activities are anticipated to be: bicycling, walking, swimming, child's play, driving for pleasure, and saltwater fishing. Non-Resident For the urban outdoor recreation activities specified for 1970, participation within the Beaumont Metropolitan Area .by non-residents was estimated to total 230,000 days. Compared to the 1970 level, total participation is expected to increase 5.2 percent (to 242,000 days) by 1975 and 10.4 percent (to 254,000 days) by 1980. Similar increases are anticipated for the years 1990 and 2000. In terms of days of participation for 1970, the most popular non-resident activities, of the specific activities estimated were: sightseeing, with 82,000 days; driving for pleasure, with 30,000 days; picnicking, with 27,000 days; swimming, with 26,000 days; saltwater fishing, with 24,000 days; and saltwater boating, with 13,000 days. Assuming adequate facilities are made available, a moderate increase in participation for all activities is expected through the year 2000, with the activities holding their 1970 ranking in terms of popularity. 378 REGION 27 CURRENT AND PROJECTED RESIDENT PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: mETROS (OOO'S OF ANNUAL ACTIVITY DAYS) 1970 1975 1980 1990 2000 STATE- STATE- STATE- STATE- STATE- REG.27 WIDE REG.27 WIDE REG.27 WIDE REG.27 WIDE REG.27 WIDE METROS METROS METROS METROS METROS METROS METROS METROS METROS METROS PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE @VERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE ACTIVITY DAYS RANK DAYS/HH DAYS/1111 DAYS RANK DAYS/HH DAYS/1111 DAYS RANK DAYS/HH DAYS/HH DAYS RANK DAYS/Hil DAYS/HH DAYS RANK DAYS/HH DAYS/HH Swimming 1,949 2 26.20 27.41 2,876 2 36.27 36.52 4,070 3 48.30 47.17 7,102 2 78.24 75.28 11,840 1117.45 110.14 Child's Play 1,163 4 15.63 14.08 1,611 4 20.32 17.72 2,151 4 25.53 22.00 3,447 4 37.97 32.20 5,382 453.39 43.99 Baseball/Softball 198 8 2.66 2.78 250 8 3.15 3.19. 308 8 3.66 3.59 426 8 4.69 4.41 578 85.73 5.22 Picnicking 520 6 6.99 5.72 567 6 7.15 5'.66 612 6 7.26 5.66 .683 7 7.52 5.61 785 77.79 5.64 Football/Soccer 44 14 .59 1.43 46 15. .58 1.42 49 15 .58 1.41 53 15 .58 1.39 59 16 .57 1.38 Golf 282 7 3.79 3.92 396 7 4.99 4.98 535 7 6.35 6.16 861 6 9.49 8.96 1,319 613.08 12.07 Tennis 194 9 2.61 6.06 248 9 3.13 9.21 294 -9 3.49 11.49 366 9 4.03 16.07 481 10 4.77 21.46 Basketball 21 16 .28 1.60 27 16 .34 2.59 34 16 .40 3.57 48 16 .53 5.52 65 15 .65 7.53 Walking 2,414 1 32.45 18.21 3,270 1 41.24 .23.09 4,215 1 50.03 29.20 6,137 3 67.61 39.89 8,588 385.19 50.31 Bicycling 1,481 3 19.91 20.30 2,753 3 34.72 32.77 4,173 2 49.53 45.25 7,186 1 79.17 68.44 10,968 2108.80 95.49 Nature Study 2 19 .03 .72 2 19 .03 1.67 2 19 .02 2.64 2 19 .02 4.63 2 19 .02 6.70 Fishing Freshwater 134 11 1.80 1.80 149 11 1.88 1.88 166 12 1.97 1.97 194 12 2.14 2.13 232 12 2.30 2.30 Saltwater 5 17 .07 1.81 5 17 .06 1.79 5 17 .06 1.78 6 17 .07 1.77 6 17 .06 1.78 Boating Freshwater 65 12 .87 .88 126 12 1.59 1.60 195 11 2.31 2.31 339 10 3.73 3.74 521 95.17 5.17 Saltwater 6 .2 13 .83 .84 67 13 .85 .84 71 13 .84 .84 76 14 .84 .84 85 14 .84 .84 Skiing Freshwater 31 15 .42 .42 49 14 .62 .62 69 14 .82 .82 lli 13 1.22 1.22 163 13 1.62 1.81 Saltwater 3 18 .04 .05 3 18 .04 .04 4 18 .04 .04 4 18 .04 .04 4 18 .04 .04 Surfing --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ___ --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- Sightseeing 158 10 2.12 2.25 184 10 2.32 @2.34 209 10 2.48 2.50 255 11 2.81 2.70 311 11 3.08 3.01 Dr. for Pleas. 883 5 11.87 13.38 961 5 12.12 13.52 1,036 5 12930 13.67 1,163 5 l2a8l 13.86 1,331 513.20 14.10 TOTAL 9,609 129.16 123.66 13,590 171.40 161.45 18,198 215.97 202.07 28,459 313.51 288.70 42,720 423.75 388.98 CURRENT AND PROJECTED NON-RESIDENT PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 TOTAL CURRENT AND PROJECTED PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 (000-S OF ANNUAL ACTIVITY DAYS) (OOO'S OF ANNUAL ACTIVITY DAYS) ACTIVITY 1970 1975 1980 1990 2000 ACTIVITY 1970 1975 1980 1990 2000 Swimming 26 27 28 30 33 Swimming 1,975 2,903 4,098 7,132 11,873 Child's Play Child's Play 1,163 1,611 2,151 3,447 5,382 Baseball/Softball 2 2 2 3 3 Baseball/Softball 200 252 310 429 581 Picnicking 27 28 29 31 34 Picnicking 547 595 641 714 819 Football/Soccer 12 12 13 14 15 Football/Soccer 56 58 62 67 74 Golf Golf 282 396 535 861 1,319 Tennis Tennis 194 248 294 366 481 Basketball Basketball 21 27 34 48 65 Walking 3 3 4 4 4 Walking 2,417 3,273 4,219 6,141 8,592 Bicycling 2 2 2 2 2 Bicycling 1,483 2,755 4,175 7,188 10,970 Nature Study Nature Study 2 2 2 2 2 Fishing Fishing Freshwater 7 8 8 9 9 Freshwater 141 157 174 203 241 Saltwater 24 25 26 28 30 Saltwater 29 30 31 34 36 Boating Boating Freshwater 2 2 2 2 2 Freshwater 67 128 197 341 523 Saltwater 13 14 14 15 17 Saltwater 75 81 85 91 102 Skiing Skiing Freshwater Freshwater 31 49 69 111 163 Saltwater Saltwater 3 3 4 4 4 Surfing --- --- --- Surfing --- --- --- --- --- Sightseeing 82 87 92 97 106 Sightseeing 240 271 301 352 417 Dr. for Pleas. 30 32 34 36 39 Dr. for Pleas. 913 993 1,070 1,199 1,370 TOTAL 230 242 254 271 294 TOTAL 9,839 13,832 18,452 28,730 43,014 Note: Asterisks indicate that projected annual activity days were less than 500. Dashes indicate not applicable. Zeros indicate that the activity was not ranked due to 379 insignificant participation days recorded. REGION 27 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 2 0 0 0 Estimates of urban outdoor recreation resource requirements were,developV for the Beaumont-Port Arthur Metropolitan Area for the years 1970, 1975, 1980 1990 2 and 2000 by comparing current,= and projected recreation participation with the current recreation opportun'itie=/ available within the metro. In addition, the availability and spatial distribution of recreation opportunities provided by parks and recreation facilities were analyzed with respect to various subsections of the metro area, particularly with regard to income/ethnic subsections, if the information were available. Attention also.was given to those areas expected to undergo relatively rapid population growth and physi- cal expansion in the future. Conclusions reached from analyzing the distribution of recreation opportunities within the metropolitan area were used to qualify resource requirement estimates where a less than adequatedistribution appeared to exist. In the discussions that follow, results of the distribution analysis of parks within subsections of the metro are presented. Then, estimates of current and future requirements for selected recreation facilities are presented, and are qualified by conclusions reached from the distribution analysis of recreation facilities within subsections of the Beaumont-Port Arthur Metro Area. PARK DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS In analyzing the-availability and distribution of parks in the Beaumont-Port Arthur Metro Area, several characteris- tics were considered: changes in population (or trends in general, 1960 to 1970), areas of the metro which were expected to exhibit relatively major expansion, and the dispersion of existing parks among the income/ethnic sub- sections of the metro. From these interrelated characteristics, general conclusions were reached with respect to future park development for the metro area. Population trends affected es,timations of future recreation participation. Projections for the Beaumont-Port Arthur Metro indicate that the 1970 metro population of 228,400 is likely to increase to over 309,000 by the year 2000. As in the case of so many metro areas, the core areas, Beaumont and Port Arthur, registered declines during the 1960's, while the contiguous urban areas such as Nederland, Port Neches, and Groves showed increases. This trend may continue into the future. The "Predominant Ethnic Background and Income Subsections" map indicates that Port Arthur was expected to expand toward the north. Comparable information for other municipalities in the metro was not available. I/ "Current" participation refers to levels of participation by type of selected recreation activity which were estimated for the year 1970. 2/ "Current" recreation opportunities refers to computed figures derived from the numbers of publicly administered facilities by type available within the metro area in 1971. 380 REGION 27 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R.C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: NETROS 1 9 7 0 2 0 0 0 The "Predominant Ethnic Background and Income Subsections" map shows six subsections in Beaumont, as delineated by .local recreation planners in 1971. Comparable information for the other urban areas was not available. Low-income Anglos were concentrated in central Beaumont, particularly north of Highway 90, and in south central Beaumont, west of Lamar Universtiy. Middle-income Blacks made up a large part of northern Beaumont, while middle-income Anglos occupied most other areas, except for the west central area which was mainly high-income Anglo. The "Dispersion of Parks By Type" map shows the geographic distribution of parks, as of 1971. All of the municipal- ities in the metro had at least two parks (except for Lakeview which reported having one), and parks seemed to be reasonably well dispersed in those parts of the metro which had large population concentrations. One possible exception in Port Arthur was the populated area east of Jade Avenue. A comparison of the "Dispersion of Parks By Type" map with the "Predominant Ethnic Background and Income Subsections" map indicates that all six income/ethnic subsections in Beaumont had at. least two municipal parks. on the other hand, the northwest portion of Beaumont on either side of Highway 287 (a middle-income Anglo area) seemed relatively distant from a park, in comparison to other parts of Beaumont. District parks, the large parks with facilities for at least two major urban activities, were unavailable in Groves, Nederland, Griffing Park, and Lakeview, as well as the southeast quarter and northwest half of Beaumont. Community and specialty parks appear to have been reasonably well distributed. Open land parks tended to be infrequent in the metro as a whole, and were absent in Lakeview, Groves, Nederland, Port Neches, and that part of Beaumont south of Highway 90 (occupied mainly by middle and low-income Anglos). In addition to maintaining aft adequate dispersion of parks in all po rtions of the metro area, the provision of different types of recreational facilities in parks is also an important consideration. An analysis of the current and future requirements for selected recreational facilities and the current dispersion of facilities in the Beau- mont-Port Arthur Metro is presented in the following discussions. FACILITY REQUIRENENTS AND DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS As mentioned previously, requirements for selected recreational facilities (see the following table) were calculated for the years 1970, 1975, 1980, 1990, and 2000. Then, an analysis of the dispersion of existing facilities among the predominant income/ethnic background subsections and the major growth areas of the metro was conducted. Conclusions reached from the facility dispersion analysis were then used to qualify the facility requirement estimates, particularly in those cases where no additional facilities were estimated as being needed within the metropolitan area. Usually, special note is made where growth areas appeared to have limited facilities. The methodology used to calculate faci- lity requirements in general is explained in Appendix C, Part I--An Overview of the Urban Volume. In the discussions that follow, resource requirements for recreational facilities are generally referred to by units of the most important feature necessary to allow participation. For example, when a requirement is shown for swimming pools, features such as a bathhouse, cleaning and filtering system, and other support features are implied when a requirement for the major facility is shown. 381 C#) 0 000EN IMEN 0- OZ-4 w z > 0 c 0 @O 0 0 0 :EJ > z z z z Z Z Ol z > > ,iox I Z@ Z. > Oz UZ z z -C @c 0 oc c 9 z z OD ............ m N- z -M- . .. ....... (D & M c c z 0 0 0 > > 01 M > ADE AVE G) G) z cn 10 U) m () m 0 @ E-0 0 :0 m -@ < r < M m (D I n W, C) m z 0 0 -1 m 9 c >:a > m < 0 Cl) 0 O>Z c :0 r- 0 ca > Oa Z r- m in m 0 I-D 0 a >1 -n > z m 0 o m ci REGION 27 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N.T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 Swimming In 1971 the Beaumont-Port Arthur Metropolitan Area reported 5,540 square yards of swimming area which, when mul- tiplied by the conversion standard of 150 days per year per square yard, provided 831,000 opportunity days. Demand in 1970 for swimming was estimated to be approximately 1,392,000 participation days. The result was a deficit which could be eliminated by adding 3,740 square yards over the 1971 level. Resource requirements for swimming will grow to 8,100 square yards in 1975, 13,713 square yards by 1980, to 27,973 square yards by 1990, and to 50,247 square yards by the year 2000. In 1971., public swimming pools tended to be infrequent in most areas of the metro, and were unavailable in Nederland, all but the western edge of Port Arthur, and that part of Beaumont west of Inter- state 10. Child's Play A total of 104 acres dispersed through fifty-two parks was reported in 1971. A comparison of projected participa- tion levels with the 1971 supply level indicates that the 2,873,000 opportunity days should be sufficient until about 1990 when an additional 21 acres will be needed. By the year 2000, an additional 91 acres will be needed in addition to the existing 104 acres. Since most developed parks had playground facilities, the distribution of play- grounds approximated the distribution of parks. The only parts of the metro which appear to have been relatively distant from playground facilities were northwest Beaumont along Highway 287, and the extreme western part of Port Arthur (immediately east of Jude Avenue). Baseball/Softball The Beaumont-Port Arthur Metro reported fifty-five baseball fields in 1971 which, when multip@ied by the conve *rsion standard of 13,804 days per year per field, provided about 759,000 opportunity days. This should be sufficient to meet estimated demand through the year 2000. Although a dispersion analysis was not possible from available informa- tion, consideration should be given to providing A balanced distribution relative to growth areas and the various income/ethnic subsections, if additional facilities are provided. Picnicking With a conversion standard of 1,702 days per year per picnic table, a total of 460,000 opportunity days was provided by the 270 public picnic tables reported in 1971. When compared with estimated demand for 1970, a total of fifty- one tables was required to eliminate a deficit of 87,000 opportunity days. By 1975, fifty-eight tables will be needed in addition to the 270 provided in 1971. The cumulative resource requirement is expected to continue to increase to 106 tables by 1980, to 149 tables by 1990, and to 211 tables by the year 2000. With respect to the dispersion of public picnicking facilities, tables were absent in virtually all parts of Port Arthur except near the lakeshore, the northwest part of Beaumont, and in the contiguous urban area of Lakeview. These areas presently without picnicking opportunities should be considered as additional tables are planned and devel oped in the future. REGION 27 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 Football/Soccer The five football/soccer fields provided in 1971 provided approximately 36,000 opportunity days, given-a facility standard of 7,224 days per year per field. When compared with estimated participation in 1970, a deficit of 20,000 opportunity days resulted; and this generated a requirement for three fields. Cumulative resource requirements can be expected to increase very slowly to a total of four fields by the year 1980, and by the year 2000, a cumulative requirement of five fields will be necessary to meet projected demand. Although a dispersion analysis was not possible from available information, consideration should be given to providing a balanced distribution relative to growth areas and the various income/ethnic subsections. Golf A total of 146,000 opportunity days was provided by the 36 holes available in the two municipal golf courses reported in 1971, given a facility standard of 4,047 days per year per golf hole. A comparison of the 1971 supply level with the 1970 demand for this activity suggests that thirty-four additional holes should have been provided to satisfy an estimated deficit of 136,000 opportunity days. Cumulative resource requirements were calculated to increase from 34 holes in 1970 to 62 holes in 1975, to 96 holes in 1980, to 177 holes in 1990, and to a total addition of 290 holes by the year 2000. The one municipal golf course in Beaumont was located at the extreme southern edge of Beaumont, and the course in Port Arthur was situated in the western part near the lakeshore. Future consideration with respect to golf course development probably should be given to the central, north, and west portions of Beaumont; the central, east, and north parts of Port Arthur, and the contiguous urban areas of Groves, Nederland, and Port Neches. Tennis The thirty-two tennis courts provided about 86,000 opportunity days in 1971 which, when compared to an estimaie.of participation, resulted in a deficit of over 100,000 opportunity days, therefore, an addition of forty courts was needed in 1970. This deficit is expected to increase to a level which will require sixty courts to be provided by 1975. With the expected increases in tennis participation, the cumulative resource requirement is expected to increase to 77 courts by 1980, to 104 courts in 1990, and to a total of 147 additional courts by the year 2000. Although a dispersion analysis was not possible from available information, consideration should be given to providing a balanced distribution relative to growth areas and the various income/ethnic subsections. Basketball The twenty public courts reported in 1971 provided 176,000 opportunity days which exceeded the 21,000 days of demand, given a conversion standard of 8,795 days per year per court. Barring an unexpectedly rapid increase in demand, the 1971 supply level is expected to be adequate to accommodate basketball demand through the year 2000. Although a dispersion analysis was not possible from available information, consideration should be given to providing a balanced distribution relative to growth areas and the various income/ethnic subsections, if additional facilities are provided. 384 REGION 27 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 2 0 0 0 - Trails Activities In 1971 there were eight mil 'es of trail which, when multiplied by a conversion standard of 8,464 days per year per mile of trail, provided 68,000 opportunity days. This compared to a 1970 level of 313,000 participation days, and resulted in a need for twenty-nine additional miles to erase the estimated deficit of 245,000 days. (Although the total supply actually amounted to twelve miles, four of these were horseback riding trail miles. Because resource requirements were not computed for urban horseback riding trails and because these four miles in the Beaumont-Port Arthur Metro Area were not designated for other types of trail usage, they were excluded from the computation of opportunity days.) The cumula- tive resource requirement increases to 46 miles of trail by 1975, 64 miles by 1980, 102 miles by 1990, and 150 miles by the year 2000. A relatively small proportion of the total participation in trail and related activities was estimated to take place in publicly administered park and recreation areas. It is likely, however, that as additional trail facilities are provided, the relative proportion of total participation will increase at these recreation areas. Thus, the above estimates of additional resources required may be conservative in the long run and should be considered as minimum estimates. In addition to the expectations for increases in participation in trail and related activities at publicly administered park and recreation areas, it is clear that the major proportion of walking, bicycling, and nature study is occurring in places other than established recreation areas. The majority of this participation is most likely taking place in local neighborhoods., on city streets, and on 'available open lands within the area. This phenomenon has direct policy implications with respect to the provision of sidewalks within currently existing and newly developing neighborhoods, the development of a system of bike lanes in high use areas, and the provision of adequate open space and green belt areas within the metro area. Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiin Surface Acres - Freshwater Lakes (Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing) No surface acres of freshwater lakes were reported available for water-related recreation within the Beaumont-Port Arthur Metro Area in 1971. Using participation patterns of the households recreating within the urban areas, it was estimated that a total of 128,000 days of freshwater boating, boat fi�hirfg, and skiing participation would have occurred in 1970 if adequate freshwater lakes had been available. Of these 128,000 days, 67,000 were boating participation days, 30,000 were boat fishing days, and 31,000 were skiing days. Projections developed for the water-related activities indicate incremental resource requirements of 307 surface acres in 1970, 196 surface acres in 1975, 223 surface acres in 1980, 461 surface acres in 1990, and 580 surface acres in 2000. This brings the cumulative resource requirement to 1,767 surface acres by the year 2000. 385 REGION 27 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 I/ Freshwater Boat Ramps.7- Two publicly-administered freshwater boat lanes were reported for the Beaumont-Port Arthur Metro Area of Region 27 in 1971. Recognizing that no freshwater lakes were available in the metro area of Region 27 in 1971, these two boat lanes were probably located on streams with the metro. By estimating the 1970 total freshwater boat fishing, skiing, and boating participation which would have occurred using freshwater boat ramp facilities to gain access to the water if sufficient ramps were available, it was calculated that two additional boat ramps were needed in 1970. Projected increases in freshwater boat fishing, skiing, and boating participation are expected to require three addi- tional freshwater boat ramps in 1975, two in 1980, five in 1990, and six in the year 2000, bringing the cumulative resource requirement to eighteen ramps in 2000. Since boat ramps are the most frequently used means by which boaters, skiers, and boat fishermen gain access to freshwater lakes, the provision of freshwater surface acres and freshwater boat ramps required should be planned as joint projects, even though, in some cases, this may require the construction of boat ramps prior to the years reflected in tW? boat ramp resource requirement projections. Saltwater Boat Rampsl/ In terms of saltwater resources, Port Arthur and Gorves were the only areas within the Beaumont-Port Arthur Metro Area having access to coastal waters in 1970. However, no publicly-administered saltwater boat lanes providing access to and from the saltwater resources were reported within the metro in 1971. By estimating the 1970 total saltwater boat fishing, skiing, and boating participation which would have occurred using saltwater boat ramp facil- ities to gain access to the saltwater areas if ramps had been available, it was calculated that one ramp was needed in 1970. Expected increases in saltwater boat fishing, skiing, and boating participation are projected to require the incremental addition of one saltwater boat ramp in 1975, which should provide sufficient saltwater boat ramps through the year 2000. The cumulative requirement through the year 2000 will be two additional ramps, Summary of Facilities Requirements In 1971, the only types of outdoor recreation facilities which were not available within the Beaumont-Port Arthur Metro Area were surface acres of freshwater lakes and saltwater boat ramps. Acres of freshwater were estimated to be required in every planning horizon year, while the additional saltwater boat ramps (one in 1970 And one in 1975) should be adequate to accommodate demand through the year 2000. Although the metro reported two freshwater boat lanes (evidently located on rivers) in 1971, additional lanes were indicated for each planning year if freshwater lakes are developed within the metro area. - I/ In calculating freshwater and saltwatet boat ramp resource requirements the assumption was made that each boat ramp has two lanes. Supply figures listed in the "Parks and Recreation Facilities by Type of Park" table and quoted in the narratives are in terms of single lanes. 386 REGION 27 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: NETROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 To augment existing facilities, resource requirements were indicated in each planning year for swimming pools, picnic tables, holes of golf, tennis courts, and miles of trail, Three additional football/soccer fields were estimated to be required in 1970 after which only minimal requirements were indicated. Playgrounds were estimated to be adequate until 1990 when additional acres will be needed, while the number of baseball/softball fields and basketball courts was considered sufficient through the year 2000. A dispersion analysis was possible only for a few facility types. Public swimming pools were infrequent in most parts of the metro, and were unavailable in Nederland, western parts of Beaumont, and all of Port Arthur except the'western edge near the lakeshore. Public picnicking facilities were absent in all parts of Port Arthur except near the lakeshoro, in the northwest fringe of Beaumont (a predominantly middle-income Angle area), and in Lakeview. Playgrounds were well dispersed except for an apparent lack in northwest Beaumont and the extreme western portion of Port Arthur (east of Jude Avenue on the map). In locating additional public golf courses, consideration should be given to central, north, and west parts of Beaumont; central, east, and north parts of Port Arthur; and the contiguous urban areas of Groves, Nederland, and Port Neches. 387 REGION 27 RECREATION RESOURCE RPQUTRD4ENTS, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS TOTAL 1971 OPPORTUNITY NET OPPORTUNITY DAYS PARTICIPATION DAYS AVAILABLE (0001S OF UNITS OF RECREATION (0001S OF (OOD'S OF ACTIVITY DAYS) RESOURCES RrQUIRED YEAR ACTIVIYY ACTTVTTY DAYS) AM VITY DAYS) DEFICIT SURPLUS CUMULATIVE INCREMENTAL Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 1,392 l/ 831 561 3,740 square yards!' 3,740 square yards!' Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 1,163 2,873 1,710 0 acres 0 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 200 759 559 0 fields 0 fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547 460 87 51 tables 51 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 36 20 3 fields 3 fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282 146 136 34 holes 34 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 86 108 40 courts, dbl. 40 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . ... . . . ... . 21 176 155 0 courts, full 0 courts, full 1970 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 128 0 128 307 surface acres 307 surface acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FIA7 . . . 97 27 60 2 ramps3/ 2 ramps.2/ Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing SW . . . 31 0 31 1 ra 37 1 ramp.2/ mp@ Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 254 4/ 24 miles 24 miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 4/ 5 miles 5 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4/ <1 mile <1 mile Combined Walking, Bicycling, 4/ 1 Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 313 - 68 245 29 miles 29 miles ACTIVITY Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 2,046 831 1,215 8,100 square yardsv 4,360 square yards 2/ Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 1,611 2,873 1,262 0 acres 0 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 252 759 507 0 fields 0 fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 595 460 135 58 tables 7 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 36 22 3 fields 0 fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396 146 250 62 holes 28 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . 248 86 162 60 courts, dbl. 20 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 176 149 0 courts, full 0 courts, full 1975 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing F14 . . . 210 0 210 503 surface acres 196 surface acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing F14 . . . 154 27 127 3 ramps3/ 3 ramps3/ Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing SW . . . 33 0 33 2 ramps.2/ I ram;17 Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 344 4/ 35 miles 11 miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 4/ 11 miles 6 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4/ <1 mile 0 miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, 4/ Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 454 - 68 386 46 miles 17 miles 388 REGION 27 RECREATION RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS, 1970-2000 CTTY SIZE: METROS TOTAL 1971 OPPOPTUNITY NET OPPORTUNITY DAYS PARTICIPATION DAYS AVAILABLE (OOO'S OF UNITS OF RECREATION (OOO'S OF (.000's OF ACTIVITY DAYS) RESOURCES REQUIRED YEAR ACTIVITY ACTIVITY DAYS) ACTIVITY DAYS DEFECIT SURPLUS INCREMENTAL Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 2,888 831 2,057 13,713 square yards!' 5,613 square yardsV Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 2,151 2,873 722 0acres 0acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 310 759 449 0fields 0fields Picnicking . . . . . ; . . . . . . . . 641 460 181 106 tables 48 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 36 26 4fields 1field Golf . . .* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535 146 389 96 holes 34 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294 86 208 77 courts, dbl. 17 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 176 142 0courts, full 0courts, full 1980 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 303 0 303 726 surface acres 223 surface acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . ., 219 27 192 7ramps3/ 2ramps2/ Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing SW . . . 35 0 35 2ramps!/ 0ramps2/ Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443 4/ 46 miles 11 miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 4/ 18 miles 7 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . * A/ <1 mile 0miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, 4/ Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 610 68 542 64 miles- 18 miles ACTIVITY Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 5,027 831 4, 196 27,973 square yardsz/ 14,260 square yardsV Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 3,447 2,873 574 21 acres 21 acres .Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 429 759 330 0fields 0fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 714 460 254 149 tables 43 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 36 31 4fields 0fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 861 146 715 177 holes 81 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366 86 280 104 courts, dbl. 27 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 176 128 0courts, full 0courts, full 1990 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 495 0 495 1,187 surface acres 461 surface acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 351 27 324 12 ramps3/ 5ramps3/ Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing SW . . . 38 0 38 2ramps!/ 0rampsi/ Trails Activities: 4/ Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 645 71 miles 25 miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288 31 miles 13 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . <1 mile 0miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 933 4/ 68 865 102 miles 38 miles 389 REGION 27 RECREATION RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS TOTAL 1971 OPPORTUNITY NET OPPORTUNITY DAYS PARTICIPATION DAYS AVAILABLE (000-S OF UNITS OF RECREATION (OOO'S OF (OOO'S OF ACTIVITY DAYS) RESOURCES REQUIRED YEAR ACTIVITY ACTIVITY DAYS) ACTIVITY DAYS) DEFICI SURPLUS CUMULATIVE INCREMENTAL Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 8,368 831 7,537 50,247 square yards 2/ 22,274 square yards 2/ Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 5,382 2,873 2,509 91 acres 70 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 581 759 178 0fields 0fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 819 460 359 211 tables 62 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 36 38 5fields Ifield Colf . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,319 146 1,173 290 holes 113 holes Tennis . . . . . I . . . . . . . . . . 481 86 395 147 courts, dbl. 43 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 176 ill 0courts, full 0courts, full 2000 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW 737 0 737 1,767 surface acres 580 surface acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW 518 27 491 18 ramps!/ 6ramps3/ Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing SW . . . 41 0 41 2ramps2/ 0ramrs7/ Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 902 4/ 101 miles 30 miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439 4/ 49,miles 18 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . <1 mile 0miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, 4/ Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 1,341 - 68 1,273 150 miles 48 miles Note: Asterisks indicate that projected annual activity days were less than 500. I/ Includes only swimming participation occurring in swimming pools, 70.48 percent of the total in urban areas on the Gulf Coast. Designated freshwater and saltwater swimming areas may be substituted for swimming pools. When making substitutions consider total swimming participation. Assumes 2.0 lanes per ramp. 4/ Reflects estimated participation occurring in park and recreation areas; does not include participation occurring outside park and recreation areas. Of the total walking, bicycling, and nature study participation it was determined that 10.5, 4.0, and 20.1 percent, respectively for each activity, occurs in park and recreation areas. 390 cc UA 0 0 u ca LLJ > 4 x w F- z REGION 28 REGIONAL DESCRIPTION: GALVESTON-TEXAS'CITY METROPOLITAN AREA The metropolitan area of Region 28 consists of the cities of POPULATION Galveston, Texas City, and La Marque. 1970 Metro Area Population: 116,848 Galveston, the county seat of Galveston County, is located on Change 1960-70: +3% Galveston Island. The Galveston Metropolitan Area is the home Race Composition l/ of many industries such as shipping, oil refining, shipbuilding, White ..... 74% - grain elevators, and chemical plants. The Port of Galveston Negro ..... 25% serves as a base of operations for the commercial fishing and other ..... 1% shrimp industry. Galveston is rich in history, with many his- Age Composition (years): toric homes and buildings still standing. Galveston College, 13 or less ..... 26% the Texas Maritime Academy of Texas A&M University, and the 14 - 20 ..... 13% University of Texas Medical Branch are located in Galveston. 21 - 44 ..... 30% Annual events in Galveston are the Annual Shrimp Festival and 45 - 64 ..... 22% Blessing of the Fleet (April) and Aqua Speed Week (May). 65 and over ..... 9% In Texas City are many major industrial and port facilities. ECONOMY Industries include tin smelter, oil refineries, metal fabrica- Medical Education tion, and chemical plants. Another dominant portion of the Petrochemicals economy comes from the shipping of grain, cotton, sulphur, petro- Shipping leum and chemical products from the port at Texas City. Texas Tourism City is the home of the College of the Mainland. A major annual event in Texas City is the Tackle Time Festival (June and July). La Marque, just outside Texas City, serves as a commuting center for employees of Houston, Galveston, and Texas City. I/ Includes persons of Mexican and/or Spanish descent. 392 REGION 28 CITY SIZE: METRO P U B L I C L Y A D M I N 1 9 T E R E D R E C R E A T 1 0 N 0 P P 0 R T U N I T I E S LAND AND WATER ACREAGE REGION ACRES STATEWIDE .28 AVERAGE METRO METRO AREAS 83% Developed Land 474 1,307 REGION Undeveloped Land 100 536 28 METRO Total Land 574 1,843 .17% Water Within or Adjacent 2 1,006 Total Land and Water 576 2,849 DEVELOPED LAND UNDEVELOPED LAND The Galveston Metro Area has a total of 574 acres of land set aside as park and recreation areas. In addition, two surface acres of water either within or adjacent to these parks were reported. 71% STATEWIDE Of the total land acreage, 474 acres are developed with AVERAGE facilities, leaving 100 acres available for future METRO AREAS development- With 83 percent of the land acreage currently developed, the Area is well above the Statewide 29% Metro average of 71 percent. 393 A) 10 > . t-I 0 10 00 > 0 a) 0 Lo 0 1-h m 00 (D (D 0 m H r? rt 0 00 0 (DM '0 (D 0 pi 0 m @31 PV rt Ul ;171 10 m 10 P7, C7, __r J- H. 0:@ 04 rot ED 1-1 ce m 0 I- (D '0 0 H 0 'U C13 CT '-4 ;D. m PI z o) " 03 aq P13, 0 mP., m I ov n @o CD 00 0 pli lEn 0P-h la, @d (D ti '-d m 0 t-n CL V4 PV 0 0 m m (D I-h N) 23 U) rt Cr I-h t-'0 D) X PI w pt 00 14 14 D) t-h Iq @d 23 10 rt rt 0 0 0 :0. _lr po 03 C) H rt (D ::I, CL rt 0 @,h 0 0 CD 0 H 0 PV 0 H m :=, OQ r_ " v C) @dm rt (D w 0) rt (D " D) :@ aq V 0 0 "rt H- M H (D (D C> rt I= PV0 rt U3 C) 03 rt rt @3' M CD 00) Ln U3 :j rt 0 Ln rr PO V 1-4 z V rt C) 0 03 v (a t=l D) :@, CD rt CL " (D F-- lb Fl- (D o :31 PV 0) w0 (a PV H. _F_ rtM rt m rn . w 0 ca I-C rt 0 I-h P3 H. ?-I (D :;, 04 00 0 @_n D) rD 03 r_ ?_h" ft Ln rt W pi (D rt F- N3 Ln 0) @4 ro 03 0 v W 05 @3, (D 0 " Sb 1-n aq rl (D H) rT PI (D (D M F_ 0 41 C) co (D D) 01 C> 0 (Z> LO C) aq 0 co DQ 0H. 0 D3 r_ rt (D 2) PIm rl > ::r 10 " (D (D H w M P-h m (D Fl. m CD rt H- cn U) 23 aq 3c 0 rr (D w @31 C) 0 0 ti H F@0 m 0 D fD 41 m C) %0 0 LI) ca H. m m0 "a 10 0 10 Z' @D 0 m 0 Mrl, 0 41 C) 0 0 V4 (D 0 pt @_ I-< t, N) C) > rr (D Lo 10 ::s P, 03 CL m C13 rr rt cn pi (71 En H. t@ OQ Id En 0 @:r 0 0 " 0 0 rr -4 03 0 0 W " Pi D) M pi "a H. PV (D pv rr (D (D rt ::r* go @-h - : 'Fo til (D m x 0 H. 0 C-1 00 @o @d C, C @71 (D H. 0 rt 0 110 00 F@ H- (D 0) U) rr 03 '-1 F-3 I LI) in. n rr Z" 0 -V Cl @* R F (D CD (D 4 m 0 CD rt D) fD C) 0 0 0 03 V rt "CL P3 H. CD CD (D rr a) 0 M 0 clr " (D rt Es)v " -< pi V4 PV go 1-4 m 0 H. rt :3, 03 Id cl 3@ v 11) t) qq 23 0 m :31 V m e4 m " F_ 4 W. 0 (D N) PV 0 m .14 V 03 " W a% @d " m n lb 03 P@ til 03 rt 0 n GQ --n 0. z aq PI D) 0 rr 1-t r. 41 41 m 0 0 rt 0m k-n FO -11 I'll 4 rt CA t-h 0 0 4) 0) 0) @_4 6 o @D 0 14 V PI 0 OD 0 C) Pi m (D rl C) LA 0 %.D C) pi 0 0 0 :r (D lb 03 I-h 0 Ph rt 2 (D m F. OQ v 0 (D (D rt 0(D ::r 5 0 m 0) 10 lb m co tv rt 0 m 0 rr go rt, N) W. H. I_n t W. Qrh 9) P) CD %0 -P, Q m W rt rt __j @: V m 03 pi I.-, rr (D 0) w m nH. H- 4 rt rt 0 Q (D 00 0 H m 0 mrt rt @d 0 rr m t:j 10 M el -V Sb H. PO m m 0 m w H 0 rA rlt 10 w N 41 m v(a pi ic txj CD 0 N M- M M pf rt m 0 H. M ::r 00 m :3 (a9 lb Ln 14 0 P) Im r3 cr, m > 1-3 ?g C@ tzl to 0 a\ CD 0 m 0 > til CD 0 DISPERSION OF PARKS BY TYPE URBAN PARKS 0 DISTRICTPARK 0 COMMUNITY PARK TEXAS SPECIALTY PARK CITY OPEN-LANDPARK 13 0 000 11 E3\ 0 87 REGION 28 0 GALVESTON- TEXAS CITY AREA METRO BOUNDARY 45 1 2 3 0 Source: 1971 Municipal Inventory Update 395 REGION 28 CITY SIZE: METRO PARK AND RECREATION FACILITIES BY TYPE OF PARK UNITS PER THOUSAND DISTRICT COMMUNITY SPECIALTY PEOPLE REGION STATEWIDE TYPE OF FACILITY PAM PARK PARK TOTAL PER 28 AVERAGE (UNITS) (UNITS)_ (UNITS) UNITS UNIT METRO METRO AREAS Games and Sports: Parks ............................. 5 25 3 33 3,540 .282 .150 Tennis Courts ..................... 5 14 0 19 6,149 .162 .142 Basketball Courts ................. 2 37 1 40 2,921 .341 .071 Baseball/Softball Fields .......... 15 14 1 30 3,894 .256 .186 Football/Soccer Fields ............ 1 1 0 2 58,242 .017 .032 Picnicking: Parks ............................. 5 19 0 24 4,868 .205 .124 Tables ............................. 39 75 0 114 1,024 .974 1.230. Playground: Parks ......................... 5 25 9 39 2,996 .333 .170 Acres Developed ............... 37 4 52 2,247 .444 .258 Swimming: Parks ............................. 2 2 0 4 29,212 .034. .050 Pools (Sq. Yd.) ................... 1,008 377 0 1,385 84 11.837 25.950 Designated Fresh Water (Sq. Yd.).. 7,000 0 0 7,000 17 59.829 52.242 Designated Salt Water (Sq. Yd.) ... 0 0 0 0 --- --- --- Boating: Parks ............................. 0 2 0 2 58,242 .017 .006 Ramp Lanes - Fresh Water .......... 0 0 0 0 --- .008 Ramp Lanes - Salt Water ........... 0 5 0 5 23,370 .042 --- Camping: Parks .............................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .002 Campsites ......................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .121 Fishing: Parks ............................. 0 2 0 2 58,242 .017 .013 Pier/Barge/Marina-Fresh Water(Yd.) 0 0 0 0 --- --- .049 Pier/Barge/Marina-Salt Water(Yd.). 0 4 0 4 29,212 .034 --- Golfing: Courses ........................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .005 Holes ............................. 0 0 0 .0 .100 Trails: Parks ............................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .006 Nature (Mi.) ...................... 0 0 0 0 --- .009 Horseback (Mi.) ................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .003 Bicycle (Mi.) ..................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .007 Hiking (Mi.) ....................... 0 0 @O 0 --- --- .006 Total Trails (Mi.) ................ 0. 0 0 0 --- .021 396 REGION 28 PARK AND RECREATION FACILITIES BY TYPE OF PARK CITY SIZE: METRO UNITS PER THOUSAND DISTRICT COMMUNITY SPECIALTY PEOPLE REGION STATEWIDE TYPE OF FACILITY PARK PARK PARK TOTAL PER 28 AVERAGE (UNITS) (UNITS) (UNITS) UNITS UNIT METRO METRO AREAS Sport Shooting: Parks ............................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .002. Traps ............................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .002 Shooting Targets .................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .004 Archery Targets ................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .011 Miscellaneous: Parks ............................. 2 3 1 6 19,474 .051 .038 Amphitheatre Seats ................ 0 0 0 0 --- --- 1.077 Botanical Gardens (Acres) ......... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .077 Zoos (Acres) ...................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .051 Community/Recreation Centers ...... 2 3 1 6 19,474 .051 .038 Most of the park and recreation facilities in the Galveston Metro Area are in Community and District Parks. The 13 Specialty Parks have only games and sports facilities, playgrounds and a community/recreation center. Designated freshwater swimming area was reported in the District Park category, however, a total of only four parks were inventoried with swimming facilities. No salt water swimming facilities were reported. The Community Park category has parks with boating and fishing facilities, all of these saltwater. A total of 6 community/recreation centers were reported. Of the 45 parks, 39 have playgrounds, 33 have facilities for games and sports, 24 have picnicking facilities and 4 have swimming facilities. The most common types of games and sports facilities are basketball with 40 courts, followed by baseball/softball with 30 fields, tennis with 19 courts and football/soccer with 2 fields. Looking at selected facilities in relation to the'number of potential users we find the following: 58,242 persons for each football/soccer field 2,921 persons for each basketball court 19,474 persons for each community/recreation center 2,247 persons for each acre of playground 6,149 persons for each tennis court 1,024 persons for each picnic table 3,894 persons for each baseball/softball field 84 persons for each square yard of swimming pool The Galveston Metro Area is above the Statewide Metro average for facility units per 1,000 for tennis courts, basketball courts, baseball/softball fields, playground acres, designated fresh water swimming area and community/ recreation centers. The Area is below the average for football/soccer fields, picnic tables and square yards of swimming pools. No boat ramp lanes-fresh water, campsites, yards of fishing pier/barge/marina-fresh water, golf holes, trail miles, sport shooting facilities, amphitheatre seats, acres of botanical gardens or zoo acreage were reported. 397 REGION 28 CONVERSION OF FACILITIE'S TO RECREATION OPPORTUNITY DAYS CITY SIZE: 14ETRO Current opportunity days for 1971 were calculated by multiplying the number of facilities available for each activity in the metro area (determined from the Texas Outdoor Recreation Inventory of Parks, Recreation Areas, and Facilities) times the standard for the facility. DAYS PER THOUSAND POPULATION ANNUAL REGION STATEWIDE DAYS 28 AVERAGE ACTIVITY -FACILITY AVAILABLE METRO METRO Swimming (Pools) - square yards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200,750 1,776 3,891 Child's Play - playground Acres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,436,396 12,277 7,137 Baseball/Softball - fields 414,120 3,539 2,577 Picnicking - tables . . . . 194,028 1,658 2,093 Football/Soccer fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,448 123 235 Golf - holes . * * ' * ' * ' ' * ' 0 0 414 Tennis - courts, double . : : : : : . : . : : : : . . . . . . 51,186 437 384 Basketball - courts, full . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351,800 3,007 625 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW - surface acres . . . . . . 834 7 2,962 Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW - boat ramps . . . . . . . . 0 0 103 Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing SW - boat ramps . . . . . . . . 54,930 469 33 Trail Activities: Combined Walking, Bicycling, and Nature Study - miles . . . . 0 0 164 The Galveston Metro Area offers the most opportunity days for child's play, followed by baseball/softball, basketball, and swimming"(in pools). A comparison between the opportunity days per thousand population for the Galveston Metro Area and the Statewide Metro average shows that the Galveston Metro Area surpasses the statewide average for five types of facilities-- children's playgrounds (in acres), baseball/softball fields, tennis courts, basketball courts, and saltwater boat ramps. The Galveston Metro Area is below the Statewide Metro average for,swimming (in pools), picnicking, football/soccer and surface acres for freshwater boating, boat fishing and skiing, with no opportunity days available for golf, freshwater boat ramps and the trails activities. 398 REGION 28 ESTIMATED CURRENT AND FUTURE PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METRO The seventeenth ranking metro area, based on population, Galveston ranked sixth in total participation for the year 1970. Estimates for 1970 indicate that residents and non-residents in the area spent over 10.0 million recreation days in pursuit of urban outdoor recreation opportunities available within the metro area. Resident Total days of participation in urban outdoor recreation activities by the residents of the Galveston Metropolitan Area for the 20 activities shown were estimated to be 4.4 million days in 1970. Total participation is expected to increase to 5.8 million days in 1975 and to 7.1 million days in 1980. These projections represent increases of 31.9 percent by 1975 and 62.9 percent by 1980. Participation on a days per household basis is projected to increase from 114.5 days in 1970 to 149.2 days in 1975, and to 184.5 days in 1980--increases of 30.3 and 61.1 percent, respectively, over the 1970 level. Residents of the Galveston Metropolitan Area are expected to participate at a rate of 17, 24, and 32 days per household below the statewide average for the other Texas metropolitan areas in 197.0, 1915, and 1980, respectively. For the more distant years of 1990 and 2000, both total days of participation and days per household are expected to increase, but days per household will remain below the statewide average for all metropolitan areas. Projections for specific activities indicate that 14 activities will increase in total days of participation through the years of 1975 and 1980, while tennis, football, picnicking, saltwater boating and skiing, and driving for pleas- ure will decrease slightly. In 1970 the six most popular activities, based on total participation, were estimated to be: walking, swimming, driving for pleasure, bicycling, sal,twater fishing, and child's play, respectively. In 1975 walking will remain the first ranked activity with bicycling ranked second and swimming third. Driving for pleasure, child's play, and saltwater fishing are expected to become fourth, fifth, and sixth ranked activities by 1975. In 1980 the top-ranked activities will be bicycling, walking, swimming, child's play, driving for pleasure, and salt- water fishing. Non-Resident Participation in urban outdoor recreation activities within the Galveston Metropolitan Area by non-residents was estimated to total 5,668,000 days for the activities specified for 1970. Compared to the 1970 level, total partic- ipation is expected to increase 9.0 percent (to 6,180,000 days) by 1975, and 18.1 percent (to 6,693,000 days) by 1980. Similar increases are anticipated through the years 1990 and 2000. Of the specified activities selected, the most popular activities by non-residents for 1970 were: swimming, with 2,256,000 days; saltwater fishing, with 1,002,000 days; picnicking, with 1,033,000 days; sightseeing, with 478,000 days; saltwater boating, with 329,000 days; and surfing, with 256,000 days. Assuming adequate facilities are made available, all activities are expected to increase at a moderate rate through the year 2000, with swimming, salt- water fishing, picnicking, sightseeing, saltwater boating, and surfing retaining their ranking one through six, respectively. 399 REGION 28 CURRENT AND PROJECTED RESIDENT PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROs (OOO'S OF ANNUAL ACTIVITY DAYS) 1970 1975 1980 1990 2000 STATE- STATE- STATE- STATE- STATE- REG. 28 WIDE REG. 28 WIDE REG. 28 WIDE REG. 28 WIDE REG. 28 WIDE NETROS IIETROS NETROS METROS METROS METROS METROS METROS METROS METROS PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE ACTIVITY DAYS RANK DAYS/1111 DAYS/HH DAYS RANK DAYS/HH DAYS/HH DAYS RANK DAYS/1111 DAYS /HH DAYS RANK DAYS/HH DAYS/HH DAYS RANr DAYS/HH DAYS/HH Swiming 518 2 13.57 27.41 665 3 17.21 36.52 818 3 21.19 47.17 1,117 3 30.33 75.28 1,371 340.90 110.14 Child's Play 378 6 9.90 14.08 473 5 12.24 17.72 572 4 14.81 22.00 767 4 20.83 32.20 937 427.95 43.99 Baseball/Softball 62 14 1.62 2.78 73 12 1.89 3.19 84 13 2.18 3.59 101 13 2.74 4.41 113 13 3.37 5.22 Picnicking 240 7 6.29 5.72 247 8 6.39 5.66 251 8 6.50 5.66 248 10 6.73 5.61 233 11 6.95 5.64 Football/Soccer 44 15 1.15 1.43 45 16 1.16 1.42 44 16 1.14 1.41 42 17 1.14 1.39 37 17 1.10 1.38 Golf 100 10 2.62 3.92 127 11 3.29 4.98 155 11 4.01 6.16 212 11 5.76 8.96 262 10 7.82 12.07 Tennis 65 13 1.70 6.06 69 14 1.79 9.21 69 15 1.79 11.49 65 15 1.76 16.07 59 15 1.76 21.46 Basketball 30 18 .79 1.60 33 17 .85 2.59 36 17 .93 3.57 39 18 1.06 5.52 40 18 1.19 7.53 Walking 918 1 24.04 18.21 1,182 1 30.58 23.09 1,434 2 37.14 29.20 1,851 2 50.26 39.89 2,125 263.40 50.31 Bicycling 461 4 12.07 20.30 1,002 2 25.93 32.77 1,536 1 39.78 45.25 2,486 1 67.50 68.44 3,191 195.20 95.49 Nature Study 83 11 2.17 .72 154 10 3.98 1.67 255 10 5.83 2.64 349 8 9.48 4.63 440 813.13 6.70 Fishing Freshwater 69 12 1.81 1.80 73 12 1.89 1.88 76 14 1.97 1.97 79 14 2,15 2.13 77 14 2.30 2.30 Saltwater 423 5 11.08 1.81 444 6 11.49 1.79 460 6 11.91 1.78 470 7 12.76 1.77 456 713.60 1.78 Boating Freshwater 34 16 .89 .88 62 15 1.60 1.60 89 12 2.31 2.31 138 12 3.75 3.74 173 12 5.16 5.17 Saltwater 32 17 .84 .84 32 18 .83 .84 32 18 .83 .84 31 19 .84 .84 28 19 .84 .84 Skiing Freshwater 16 19 .42 .42 24 19 .62 .62 32 18 .83 .82 45 16 1.22 1.22 54 ill 1.61 1.81 Saltwater 2 20 .05 .05 2 20 .05 .04 2 20 .05 .04 2 20 .05 .04 1 20 .03 .04 Surfing 207 8 5.42 5.42 330 7 8.54 8.54 450 7 11.65 11.65 659 5 17.89 17.89 809 524.13 24.13 Sightseeing 186 9 4.87 2.25 214 9 5.54 2.34 241 9 6.24 2.50 288 9 7.82 2.70 319 9 9.52 3.01 Dr. for Pleas. 505 3 13.22 13.38 516 4 13.35 13.52 516 5 __13,36 13.67 498 6 13.52 13.86 459 613.6 14.10 TOTAL 4,373 114.52 129.08 . 5,767 149.22 169.99 7,122 184.45 213.72 9,487 257.59 306.59 11,184 333.65 413.11 CURRENT AND PROJECTED NON-RESIDENT PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 TOTAL CURRENT AND PROJECTED PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 (OOO'S OF ANNUAL ACTIVITY DAYS) (000-S OF ANNUAL ACTIVITY DAYS) ACTIVITY 1970 1975 1980 -1990 2000 ACTIVITY 1970 1975 1980 1990 2000 Swinming 2,256 2,460 2,664 3,053 3,474 Swinming 2,774 3,125 3,482 4,170 4,845 Child's Play 35 38 41 47 53 Child's Play 413 511 613 814 990 Baseball/Softball Baseball/Softball 62 73 84 101 113 Picnicking 1,033 1,126 1,220 1,398 1,591 Picnicking 1,273 1,373 1,471 1,646 1,824 Football/Soccer 14 16 17 20 22 Football/Soccer 58 61 61 62 59 Golf 45 49 53 61 69 Golf 145 176 208 273 331 Tennis Tenni .a 65 69 69 65 59 Basketball Basketball 30 33 36 39 40 Walking 102 Ill 120 138 157 Walking 1,020 1,293 1,554 1,989 2,282 Bicycling * . Bicycling 461 1,002 1,536 2,486 3,191 Nature Study 8 9 10 11 13 Nature Study 91 163 235 360 453 Fishing Fishing Freshwater. Freshwater 69 73 76 79. 77 Saltwater 1,002 1,092 1,183 1,356 1,543 Saltwater 1,425 1,536 1,643 1,826 1,999 Boating Boating Freshwater Freshwater 34 62 89 138 173 Saltwater 329 359 389 445 507 Saltwater 361 391 421 476 535 Skiing Skiing Freshwater I 1 1 2 2 Freshwater 17 25 33 47 56 Saltwater 44 48 52 60 68 Saltwater 46 50 54 62 69 Surfing 256 279 302 347 394 Surfing 463 609 752 1,006 1,203 Sightsecing 478 521 564 647 736 Sightseeing 664 735 805 935 1,055 Dr. for Pleas. 65 71 77 88 101 Dr. for Pleas. 3 586 560 TOTAL 5,668 6,180 6,693 7,673 8,730 TOTAL 10,041 11,947 13,815 17,160 19,914 400 Note: Asterisks indicate that projected annual activity days were less than 500. Dashes indicate not applicable. Zeros indicate that the activity was not ranked due to insignificant participation days recorded. REGION 28 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 2 0 0 0 Estimates of urban outdoor recreation resource requirements were developed for the Galveston-Texas City Metropolitan Area for the years 1970, 1975, 11�0, 1990, and 2000 by comparing currenill and projected recreation participation with current recreation opportunities-' available in the metro. In addition, the availability and spatial distribution of recreation opportunities provided by parks and recreation facilities were analyzed with respect to various areas within the metro. Conclusions reached from analyzing the distribution of recreation opportunities within the metropolitan area were used to qual:Lfy resource requirement estimates where a less than adequate distribution appeared to exist. The availability and spatial distribution of recreation opportunities provided by parks and recreation facilities were not analyzed with respect to subsections of the metro characterized by residents having similar incomes and ethnic back- grounds because the socio-economic data was not available. Income/ethnic background subsections were analyzed with respect to the distribution of parks and recreation facilities within these parks for other metros, or parts of metro areas, of the State for which this type information was available. The accessibility of parks to urban residents significantly affects the frequency of park use. Further, recreationists from different income groups and ethnic backgrounds often have distinguishably different recreation patterns and pre- ferences. Both of these factors are important and should be considered in developing additional recreation opportuni- ties in the Galveston-Texas City Metro Area. In the discussions that follow, results of the distribution analysis of parks within the Galveston-Texas City Metro are presented. Then, estimates of current and future requirements for selected recreation facilities are presented, and are qualified by conclusions reached from the distribution analysis of recreation facilities within the metro area. PARK DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS In analyzing the availability and distribution of parks in the Galveston-Texas City Metro, consideration was given to changes in population (or trends, in general 1960 to 1970). The population of the metro area in Region 28 was recorded as 116,118 in 1970. Although this-represents a small in- crease over the 1960 census of 113,209, all of the growth occurred in Texas City and La Marque. During the 1960's Galveston recorded an eight percent decrease in population. Projections of. growth indicate that the 1970 metro popula- tion should remain stable until 1980, after which a steady decline is predicted. Although_an analysis regarding rapid- urban growth areas in the metro was not possible because of a lack of data, consideration should be given to this factor when developing additional parks. l/ "Current" participation refers to levels of participation by type of selected recreation activity which were esti- mated for the year 1970. 2/ "Current" recreation opportunities refers to computed figures derived from the numbers of publicly- administered facilities by type available within the metro area in 1971. 401 REGION 28 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 The "Dispersion of Parks by Type" map shows the geographic distribution of parks, as of 1971. All three municipalities reported having at least two parks. In general, parks appear to have been well dispersed in 1971; one possible excep- tion was that, in comparison to the built-up areas of Texas City and Galveston, the built-up area of La Marque had minimal resources. District parks appear to have been concentrated in Texas City; La Marque had none. Each of the three municipalities reported having at least one community and specialty park. Open land parks, however, were infre- quent for the metro as a whole, and were absent in Texas City and La Marque. Recreational open land is important in maintaining a balanced and aesthetically pleasing urban environment. FACILITY REQUIREMENTS AND DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS As mentioned previously, requirements for selected recreational facilities (see the following table) were calculated for the years 1970, 1975, 1980, 1990, and 2000. Then, an analysis of the dispersion of existing facilities was con- ducted. Conclusions reached from the facility dispersion analysis were then used to qualify the facility requirement estimates, particularly in those cases where no additional facilities were estimated as being required. The methodol- ogy used to calculate facility requirements in general is explained in Appendix C, Part I--An Overview of the Urban Volume. In the discussions that follow, resource requirements for recreational facilities are generally referred to by units of the most important feature necessary to allow participation. For example, when a requirement is shown for swimming pools, features such as a bathhouse, cleaning and filtering system,, and other support features are implied when a requirement for the major facility is shown. Swimming In 1971 there were 1,385 square yards of public swimming pool provided in the Galveston-Texas City Metropolitan Area. With a facility standard of 150 days per year per square yard of pool, a total of 208,000 swimming opportunity days were available. This was well below the estimated demand of almost two million participation days. This deficit of 1,747,000 days generated a requirement for 11,647 additional square yards in 1970. Further analysis indicates that the cumulative resource requirement will increase to 13,300 square yards in 1975, to 14,973 square yards by 19802 18,207 square yards by 1990, and to a total of 21,380 square yards above the existing supply by the year 2000. Neither of the two urban parks in La Marque had public swimming facilities, and Galveston also reported having no facilities, except for the facilities in the community park on Pelican Island. In the allocation of additional swimming facilities, consideration should be given to these areas, as well as providing a balanced distribution relative to growth areas and the various income/ethnic subsections. Child's Play Given a conversion standard of 27,623 days per year per acre of playground, the 1971 supply of fifty-two acres provided about 1,436,000 opportunity days. With the participation level below this total, the fifty-two acres should be ade- quate through the year 2000. Since most of the urban parks had at least some playground facilities, the distribution 402 U) z 0 00 < E z z z z 0<2 < _01 00 Z Z Z 2 0 0 0 0 <-Z oz 2 u z .<, 0 z -cE]00 '000011:1 z < 0 z 7 0 cr- co LO LLI z z 0 w cc CL cc 0 0 z < LL < LLJW -i D < c: 0 z 0.> < 0 < L@ _j 0 5 @- z >: 0 0 0 Z @- W LLI W W > cr. X 0 w Lu z 3: o 00 N z z cn 5 o 0 x w W 0 CC LU Cl) LLJ REGION 28 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N I S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 of playgrounds approximated the distribution of parks. Except for the built-up area of La Marque, other populated parts of the metro appear to.have had reasonable access to playground facilities in 1971. Baseball/Softball The thirty fields in 1971 provided about 414,000 opportunity days, given a facility standard of 13,804 days,per year per field. Analysis of this activity suggests that the 1971 supply level should be adequate through the year 2000. Although a dispersion analysis was not possible from available information, consideration should be given to providing a balanced distribution relative to growth areas and the various income/ethnic subsections if additional facilities are provided. Picnicking Given a standard of 1,702 days per year per picnic table, the 114 public tables in 1971 provided 194,000 opportunity days, which was well below estimated demand of 1,273,000 participation days. In addition to the 1971 supply level, 634 .picnic tables were needed in 1970. Cumulative resource requirements were estimated to increase to 693 tables by 1975, to 750 tables by 1980, to 853 tables by 1990, and to a total of 958 tables in addition to the existing 114 by the year 2000. The number of parks which had picnicking facilities was fewer than the number of parks which had playgrounds, especially in Texas City. Accordingly, consideration should be given to Texas City and the built-up area of La Marque, as well as growth areas and the various income/ethnic subsections in the allocation of additional picnicking facilities. Football/Soccer The Glaveston-Texas City Metropolitan Area reported two football/soccer fields which were open to the public in 1971. With a facility standard of 7,224 days per year per field, a total of 14,000 opportunity days were provided. In 1970, six additional fields were needed to satisfy a deficit of 44,000 days. In view of the relatively slow increase project-, ed in demand, the construction of one football field by 1980 will probably suffice through the year 2000. This addi- tion would bring the cumulative resource requirement to seven fields by the year 2000. Although a dispersion analysis was not possible from available information, consideration should be given to providing a balanced distribution rela- tive to growth areas and the various income/ethnic subsections. Golf A total of thirty-six holes of golf were required in 1970 to erase a deficit of 145,000 days caused by the lack of any municipal golf courses in the Galveston-Texas City Metropolitan Area. The cumulative requirement was expected to in- crease to 43 holes in 1975, to 51 holes in 1980, to 67 holes in 1990, and to 82 holes by the year 2000. By 2600, the equivalent of four additional eighteen-hole courses and one nine-hole course will be required. In,the allocation of public golf courses, consideration should be given to a balanced distribution relative to growth ar*eas and the various income/ethnic subsections within the metro area. 404 REGION 28 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 13 R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 Tennis In 1971, there were nineteen public tennis courts in the metro area. These courts provided a combined total of about 51,000 opportunity days, which was slightly below the estimated demand of 65,000 participation days. Five additional courts were needed in 1970. If these five courts were provided, an incremental increase of two more courts by 1975 should be adequate to accommodate projected demand through the year 2000. Although a dispersion analysis was not pos- sible from available information, consideration should be given to providing a balanced distribution relative to growth areas and the various income/ethnic subsections. Basketball The forty basketball courts in 1971 provided approximately 352,000 opportunity days, which exceeded the estimated 30,000 participation days. Consequently, the 1971 supply level was expected to be adequate to meet anticipated demand through the year 2000. Although a dispersion analysis was not possible from available information, consideration should be given to providing a balanced distribution relative to growth areas and the various income/ethnic subsections if addi- tional facilities are provided. Trails Activities There were.no designated trails in the metro area of Region 28 in 1971. Demand was calculated to be approximately 143,000 days in 1970, which translates into a deficit of 143,000 days. Consequently, seventeen miles of trail were needed in 1970, given a facility standard of 8,464 days per year per mile of tra 'il. If no additional miles are devel- oped, the cumulative requirement increases to 25 miles in 1975, to 32 miles in 1980, to 45 miles in 1990, and to 54 miles required by the year 2000. A relatively small proportion of the total participation in trail and related activities was estimated to take place in publicly-administered park and recreation areas-. It is likely, however, that as trail facilities are provided, the relative proportion of total participation will increase at these recreation areas. Thus, the above estimates of re- sources required may be conservative in the long run and should be considered as minimum estimates. In addition to the expectations for increases in par'ticipation in trail'and related activities at publicly- administered park and recrea- tion areas, it is clear that the major proportion of walking, bicycling, and nature study 3:s occurring in places other than established recreation areas. The majority of this participation is most likely taking place in local neighbor- hoods, on city streets, and on available open lands within the area. This phenomenon has direct policy implications with respect to the provision of sidewalks within currently existing and newly developing neighborhoods, the development of a system of bike lanes in high use areas, and the provision of adequate- open space and green belt areas within the. metro area. 405 REGION 28 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 2 0 0 0 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing Surface Acres - Freshwater Lakes (Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing) Two surface acres of freshwater lakes were located within the Galveston Metro Area of Region 28 in 1971. Using partici- pation patterns of households recreating in the urban areas, it was estimated that boating would have totaled 34,000 days, boat fishing 15,000 days, and skiing 17,000 days for a total of 66,000 days in 1970 if adequate freshwater lakes had been available. Comparing estimated participation with the opportunities provided by the surface acres existing in 1971 indicates that incremental resource requirements are expected,to expand from an additional 156 acres needed in 1970 to 86 acres in 1975, 86 acres in 1980, 154 acres in 1990, and 103 acres in the year 2000. This brings the cumulative resource requirement to an additional 585 surface acres by the year 2000. Freshwater Boat Ramps11 No publicly-admin3"-stered freshwater boat lanes were reported for the metro of Region 28 in 1971. By estimating the 1970 total freshwater boat fishing, skiing, and boating participation which would have occurred using freshwater boat ramp facilities to gain access to the water if ramps were available, it was calculated that two boat ramps were needed in 1970. Projected increases in freshwater boat fishing, skiing, and boating participation are expected to require one additional freshwater boat ramp in 1975, one in 1980, one in 1990, and one in the year 2000, bringing the cumulative resource requirement to six ramps in 2000. Since boat ramps are the most frequently used means by which boaters, skiers, and boat fishermen gain access to freshwater lakes, the provision of freshwater surface acres and freshwater boat ramps required should be planned as joint projects, even though, in some cases, this may require the construction or boat ramps prior to the years reflected in the boat ramp resource requirement projections. Saltwater Boat Rampsi/ In terms of saltwater resources, Galveston, La Marque, and Texas City each had access to coastal waters in 1971. Five publicly-administered saltwater boat lanes providing access to and from the saltwater resources were reported within the metro area in 1971. By estimating the 1970 total saltwater boat fishing, skiing, and boating participation which would have occurred using saltwater boat ramp facilities to gain access to the saltwater areas if sufficient ramps had been available, it was calculated that fifteen saltwater access boat ramps were needed in 1970. Expected increases in saltwater boat fishing, skiing, and boating participation are projected to require incremental saltwater boat ramp additions of two in 1975, one in 1980, two in 1990, and three in the year 2000, bringing the cumulative requirement to an additional twenty-three ramps required by 2000. I/ In calculating freshwater and saltwater boat ramp resource requirements the assumption was made that each boat ramp has two lanes. Supply figures listed in the "Park and Recreation Facilities by Type of Park" table and quoted in the narratives are in terms of single lanes. 406, REGION 28 R E C R E A I 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N I S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 2 0 0 0 Summary of Facilities Requirements In 1971 there were three types of public outdoor recreation facilities which were not available within the metro boun- daries: holes of golf, miles of trail, and freshwater boat ramps. Resource requirements were indicated for every planning horizon year for each of these three types of facilities. Also, the metro reported only two acres of fresh- water lakes available in 1971,, and large increases in opportunities were estimated to be necessary for each planning horizon year. Analysis also indicates that additiona:1 saltwater boat ramps were needed in each planning year to supple- ment the five reported in 1971. To augment existing facilities, additional public swimming pools and picnic tables were estimated to be required for each planning horizon year. Substantial additions were estimated to be required for football fields and tennis courts in 1970, with only nominal increases necessary in subsequent years. The number of playground acres, baseball/sof tball fields, and basketball courts was estimated to be sufficient through the year 2000. A dispersion analysis was possible only for a few facility types. Galves'ton reported having only one public swimming pool, and it was located in the extreme northeastern part of Galveston. La Marque reported having no swimming facili- ties in its two urban parks. Playground areas were relatively infrequent in the built-up area of La Marque, and pic- nicking facilities were relatively infrequent in both Texas City and La Marque. In the allocation of additional facil- i-ties for all types of outdoor recreation activities, consideration should be given to a balanced distribution relative to growth areas and the various income/ethnic subsections. 407 REGION 28 RECREATION RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS TOTAL 1971 OPPORTUNITY NET OPPORTUNITY DAYS PARTICIPATION DAYS AVAILABLE (000-S OF UNITS OF RECREATION (OOOIS OF (OOO'S OF ACTIVITY DAYS)- RESOURCES REQUIRED YEAR ACTIVITY ACTIVITY DAYS) ACTIVITY DAYS) DEFICIT SURPLUS CUMULATIVE INCREMENTAL Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . .. 1,955 l/ 208 1,747 11,647 square yardJ1 11,647 square yards!/ Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 413 1,436 1,023 0 acres 0 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 62 414 352 0 fields 0 fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 1,273 194 1,079 634 tables 634 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 14 .44 6 fields 6 fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 0 145 36 holes 36 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 51 14 5 courts, dbl. 5 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 352 322 0 courts, full 0 courts, full 1970 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 66 1 65 156 surface acres 156 surface acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 50 0 50 2 rsmps3/ 2 ramps.2/ Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing SW . . . 385 55 330 15 ramps.2/ 15 ramps.2/ Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . 107 13 miles 13 miles 4/ Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 2 miles 2 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 2 miles 2 miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, 4/ Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 143 0 143 17 miles 17 miles ACTIVITY Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 2,203 208 1,995 13,300 square yardsZ/ 1,653 square yards!/ Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 511 12436 925 0 acres 0 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 73 414 341 0 fields 0 fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,373 194 1,179 693 tables 59 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 14 47 6 fields 0 fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 0 176 43 holes 7 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 51 18 7 courts, dbl. 2 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 352 319 0 courts, full 0 courts, full 1975 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 102* 1 101 242 surface acres 86 surfaye acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW` . . . 76 0 76 3 ramps3/ I ramp3- Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing SW . . . 416 55 372 17 ramps2/ 2 ramps.2/ Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 4/ 16 miles 3 miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 A/ 4/ 5 miles 3 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 4 miles 2 miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, 4/ Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 209 - 0 209 25 miles 8 miles 408 REGION 28 RECREATION RESOURCE REQUIRMENTS, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS TOTAL 1971 OPPORTUNITY NET OPPORTUNITY DAYS PARTICIPATION DAYS AVAILABLE (OOO'S OF UNITS OF RECREATION (OOO'S OF (OOO'S (*' ACTIVITY DAYS) RESOURCES REQUIRED YEAR ACTIVITY ACTTVTTY DAYS) ACTIVITY DAY DEFICIT SURPLUS 7RHATIVE INCREMENTAL Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 2,454 1 208 2,246 14,973 square yards!' 1,673 square yards!' Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 613 1,436 823 0acres 0 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 84 414 330 0fields 0 fields Picnicking . . . . . ... . . . . . . . 1,471 194 1,277 750 tables 57 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 6i 14 47 7fields 1 field Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 0 208 51 holes 8 he 1 e@s Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 51 18 7 courts, dbl. 0 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 352 316 0 courts, full 0 courts, full 1980 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 138 1 137 328 surface acres 86 surface acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 100 0 100 4ramps3/ I ramp 3/ Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing SW . . . 18 ramps!/ 1 rampi/ 447 55 392 Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 4/ 19 miles 3 miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 4/ 7miles 2 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 6miles 2 miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, 4 Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 271 0 271 32 miles 7 miles ACTIVITY Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 2,939 208 2,731 18,207 square yards!' 3,234 square yards!' Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 814 1,436 622 0acres 0 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 101 414 313 0fields 0 fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,646 194 1,452 853 tables 103 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 14 48 7fields 0 fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273 0 273 67 holes 16 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 51 14 7courts, dbl. 0 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 352 313 0courts, full 0 courts, full 1990 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 202 1 201 482 surface acres 154 surfa e acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 143 0 143 5ramps3/ I ra 3@ mp@ Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing SW . . . 501 55 446 2ramps3/ 2 rampsi/ Trails Activities-. Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 25 miles 6 miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 4/ 11 miles 4 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 9miles 3 miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 380 0 380 45 miles 13 miles 409 REGION 28 RECREATION RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS TOTAL 1971 OPPORTUNITY NET OPPORTUN17Y DAYS PAW.UICIPATION DAYS AVAILABLE (OOO'S OF UNITS OF RECREATION (0001S-OF (OOO'S OF ACTIVITY DAYS) RESOURCES REQUIRED YEAR ACTIVITY ACTIVITY DAYS) ACTIVITY DAYS) DEFICIT SURPLUS CUMULATIVE INCREMENTAL Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 3,415 1/ 208 3,207 21,380 square yards!/ 3,173 square yards 2/ Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 990 1,436 446 0acres 0 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 113 414 301 0fields 0 fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,824 194 1,630 958 tables 105 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 14 45 7fields 0 fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331 0 331 82 holes 15 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 51 8 7courts, dbl. 0 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 352 313 0courts, full 0 courts, full 2000 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 245 1 24.4 585 surface acres 103 surfar acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 172 0 172 6ramps3/ 3 1 rampm Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing SW 554 55 499 23 ramps!/ 3 ramps!/ Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240 4/ 28 miles 3 miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 A/ 15 miles 4 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 4/ 11 miles 2 miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, 4/ Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 460 - 0 460 - 54 miles 9 miles 1/ Includes only swimming participation occurring in swimming pools, 70.4B percent of the total in urban areas on the Gulf Coast. _=5 /Designated freshwater and saltwater swimming areas may be substituted for swimming pools. When making substitutions consider total swimming participation. 3/ Assumes 2.0 lanes per ramp. 4/ Reflects estimated participation occurring in park and recreation areas; does not include participation occurring outside park and recreation areas. Of the total walking, bicycling, and nature study participation it was determined that 10.5, 4.0, and 20.1 percent, respectively for each activity, occurs in park and recreation areas. 410 13 43 1 to m 1U, CL- I X. 1. z Q: :) 0 00 V ui z Z REGION 29 REGIONAL DESCRIPTION: EL PASO METROPOLITAN AREA El Paso, the county seat of El Paso County, is located in deep POPULATION West Texas and borders Mexico. Located in a mountain pass from 1970 Metro Area Population: 322,261 which its name was derived, El Paso, the City of Sun, is one of Change 1960-70: +16% the fastest growing major cities in the nation. Leading indus- Race Composition 1/ tries include smelting and metal refining, petroleum refining and White ..... 96% - distribution, building materials, manufacture, and food processing. Negro ..... 3% El Paso is a center for the manufacture, distribution, processing Other ..... 1% and sale of agricultural products and supplies. El Paso also Age Composition (years): serves as an important trade center for.West Texas, Arizona, New 13 or less ..... 32% Mexico and the Mexican state of Chihuahua. El Paso's economy 14 - 20 ..... 15% is further boosted by nearby Fort Bliss, an air defense training 21 - 44 ..... 31% center of the U.S. Army. El Paso is the leading medical center 45 - 64 ..... 16% for West Texas with twelve hospitals,. Numerous museums and his- 65 and over ..... 6% toric Spanish missions which vividly tell the stories of the past are found in El Paso. Located in El Paso is the University of ECONOMY Texas at El Paso. Major annual events celebrated in El Paso are Construction .the Southwestern International Livestock Show and Rodeo (February), Distribution Fiesta Chamizal (October), and the Southwestern Sun Carnival Government (December and January). One may participate in other events by Manufacturing merely crossing.the border into the Mexican city of Juarez. Tourism El Paso dominates the region's economy, and most of the region's population resides here. However, a few small towns in the region contribute to the economy, mostly through agriculture. Includes persons of Mexican and/or Spanish descent. 412 REGION 29 CITY SIZE: METRO P U B L I C L Y A D M I N I S T E R E D R E C R E A T 1 0 N 0 P P 0 R T U N I T I E S LAND AND WATER ACREAGE ACRES REGION STATEWIDE 29 AVERAGE METRO METRO AREAS 68% Developed Land 886 1,307 REGION Undeveloped Land 416 536 29 METRO Total Land 1,302 1,843 32% Water Within or Adjacent 50 lX006 Total Land and Water 1,352 2,849 DEVELOPED LAND UNDEVELOPED LAND El Paso has a total of 1,302 acres of land set aside as park and recreation areaa. In addition, 50 surface acres of @qater either within or adjacent to these parks were reported. 71% Of the total land acreage, 886 acres are developed with STATEWIDE facilities, leaving 416 acres available for future AVERAGE - development. With 68 percent of the land acreage METRO AREAS currently developed, El Paso is'Just under the Statewide Metro average of 71 percent. 29% F61 413 REGION 29 CITY SIZE: METRO PARKS AND ACREAGE BY TYPE OF PARK STATEWIDE DISTRICT COMMUNITY. SPECIALTY OPEN LAND AVERAGE PARK PARK PARK PARK TOTAL METRO AREAS Number of Parks 6.000 46.000 4.000 9.000 65.000 72.000 Parks Per Thousand .019 .143 .012 .028 .202 .,267 People Per Park 53,710.000 7,006.000 80,565.000 35,807.000 4,958.000 3,754.000 ................................................................................................................. Land Acres 592.000 432.000 9.000 269.000 1,302.000 11843.000 Acres Per Thousand 1.837 1.341 .028 .835 4.040 6.864 People Per Acre 544.000 746.000 35,807.000 1,198.000 248.000 146.000 More than seventy percent of the 65 parks in El Paso are Community Parks. Nine Open Land and six District Parks were reported along with 4 Specialty Parks. The acreage figures show that 592 acres, or 45 percent of the total land acreage, are in the six District Parks followed by 432 acres in Community Parks. The Open Land Parks contain'a total of 269 acres, while the four Specialty Parks average a little over 2 acres each. The dispersion of the four types of urban parks are depicted graphically in the accompanying map titled "Dispersion of Parks by Type." Looking at the total park and acreage figures in relation to the population of El Paso, .202 parks per 1,000 and 4.040 acres per 1,000 population exist. Another way to present this data is that 4,958 people share each park while 248 people must share each acre of park land. With .202 parks per 1,000, El Paso ranks well below the Statewide Metro average. The 4.041 acres per 1,000 also gives El Paso a figure well below the Statewide Metro average for acres per 1,000. 414 z 0 = 0 0 00 0 zo 0 C6 z 0 0 0 2 LC 0 < cc z o 0 cc a. 0 w CC 0 0 to co tis 0 :E LM 1 :9 0 00 0 ac 0 0 NUO 0 's q,003W Ic, +0 1 0 0 0 10 ui < z 0 C) 0 0 0 cc w (1) 0 0 < Lu 0 LLI CL m > '0 > cc < 9L M v le > < cr LL cc CL < 0 < IL IL CL > 0 .9 z z c to < 0 2 -1 VS C: 2i < ui a. ui 0 CL tL z cn 0 < co cr 0 * 0 :3 0 En REGION 29 CITY SIZE: METRO PARK AND RECREATION FACILITIES BY TYPE OF PARK UNITS PER THOUSAND DISTRICT COMMUNITY SPECIALTY PEOPLE REGION STATEWIDE TYPE OF FACILITY PARK PARK PARK TOTAL PER 29 AVERAGE (UNITS) (UNITS) (UNITS) UNITS UNIT METRO METRO AREAS Games and Sports: Parks .............................. 6 31 2 39 8,263 .121 .150 Tennis Courts ...................... 12 29 0 41 7,860 .127 .142 Basketball Courts .................. 4 30 0 34 9,478 .105 .071 Baseball/Softball Fields ........... 14 21 1 36 8,951 .111 .186 Football/Soccer Fields ............. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .032 Picnicking: Parks .............................. 6 35 0 41 7,860 .127 .124 Tables ............................. 150 210 0 360 895 1.110 1.230 Playground: Parks .............................. 6 44 2 52 6,197 .161 .170 Acres Developed .................... 12 68 3 83 3,882 .257 .258 Swimming: Parks ........................ 3 5 0 8 40,282 .024 .050 Pools (Sq. Yd.) .............. ..... 3,000 200 0 3,200 101 9.937 25.950 Designated Fresh Water (Sq. Yd.) ... 0 0 0 0 --- --- 52.242 Boating: Parks .............................. 1 0 0 1 322,261 .003 .006 Ramp Lanes - Fresh Water ........... 4 0 0 4 80,565 .012 .008 Camping: Parks .............................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .002 Campsites .......................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .121 Fishing: Parks ....................... o ...... 1 0 0 1 322,261 .003 .013 Pier/Barge/Marina-Fresh Water (Yd.) 0 0 0 0 --- .049 Golfing: Courses ............................ 1 0 0 1 322,261 .003 .005 Holes .............................. 18 0 0 18 17,903 .055 ..100. Trails: Parks ....................... o ...... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .006 Nature (Mi.) ....................... 0 0 0 0 --- .009 Horseback (Mi.) .............. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .003 Bicycle (Mi.) ...................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .007 Hiking (Mi.) ....................... 0 0 6 0 --- --- .006 Total Trails (Mi.) ................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .021 416 REGION 29 PARK AND RECREATION FACILITIES BY TYPE OF PARK CITY SIZE: METRO UNITS PER THOUSAND DISTRICT COMMUNITY SPECIALTY PEOPLE REGION STATEWIDE TYPE OF FACILITY PARK PARK PARK TOTAL. PER 29 AVERAGE (UNITS) (UNITS) (UNITS) UNITS UNIT MRTRO IMETRO AREAS Sport Shooting: Parks ............................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .002 Traps ............................. 0 0 0 0 --- .002 Shooting Targets .................. 0 0 0 --- --- .004 Archery Targets ................... 0 0 0 0 --- .011 Miscellaneous: Parks ......: ....................... 4 13 0 17 18,956 .052 .038 Amphitheatre Seats ................ 0 0 0 0 --- --- 1.077 Botanical Gardens (Acres)..@ ....... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .077 Zoos (Acres) ...................... 5 0 0 5 64,452 .015 .051 Community/Recreation Centers ...... 3 13 0 16 20,141 .049 .038 Almost all of the park and recreation facilities in El Paso are in District and Community Parks. The Specialty Parks have only playgrounds and one baseball/softball field. The o 'nly facilities for boating as well as the only golf course are in District Parks. In addition, a zoo was reported in one of the District Parks. Fishing waters are available in a District Park although no specific fishing facilities were reported. A total of 16 community/recreation centers were inventoried. Of the 65 parks, 52 have'playgrounds, 41 have picnicking facilities, 39 have facilities for games and sports @nd 8 have swimming pools. The most common types of games and sports facilities are tennis with 41 courts, followed by baseball/softball with 36 fields and basketball with 34 courts. Looking at selected facilities in relation to the number of potential users we find the following: 20,141 persons for each community/recreation center 7,860 persons for each tennis court 17,903 persons for each golf hole 3,882 persons for each acre of playground 9,478 persons for each basketball court 895 persons for each picnic table 8,951 persons for each baseball/softball field 101 persons for each square yard of swimming pool El Paso is above the Statewide Metro average for facility units per 1,000 only for basketball courts, boat ramp lanes and community/recreation centers, while falling below the average for tennis courts, baseball/softball fields, picnic tables, playground acres, square yards of swimming pools, golf holes and zoo acreage. No football/soccer fields, designated fresh water swimming area, campsites, yards of fishing pier/barge/marina, trail miles, sport shooting facilities, amphitheatre seats, or acres of botanical gardens were reported. 417 REGION 29 CONVERSION OF FACILITIES TO RECREATION OPPORTUNITY DAYS CITY SIZE: METRO Current opportunity days for 1971 were calculated by multiplying the number of facilities available for each activity in the metro area (determined from the Texas Outdoor Recreation Inventory of Parks, Recreation Areas, and Facilities) times the standard for the facility. DAYS PER THOUSAND POPULATION ANNUAL REGION STATEWIDE DAYS 29 @AVERAGE ACTIVITY-FACILITY AVAILABLE METRO METRO Swimming (Pools) - square yards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480,000 1,491 3,891 Child's Play - playground acres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,292,709 7,120 7,137 Baseball/Softball - fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496,944 1,543 2,577 Picnicking - tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 612,720 1,903 2,093 Football/Soccer - fields . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . 0 0 235 Golf - holes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,846 226 414 Tennis - courts, double . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110,454 343 384 Basketball - courts, full . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299,030 929 625 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW` - surface acres . . . . . . 20,858 65 2,962 Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW - boat ramps . . . . . . . . 53,944 168 103 Trail Activities: Combined Walking, Bicycling, and Nature Study - miles 0 0 164 The El Paso Metro Area offers the most opportunity days for child's play, followed by picnicking, baseball/Softball and swimming (in pools). A comparison between the opportunity days per thousand population for the El Paso Metro Area and the Statewide Metro average shows that the El Paso Metro Area surpasses the statewide average for two types of facilities -- basketball courts and freshwater boat ramps. The El Paso Metro Area is below the Statewide Metro average for swimming (in pools), child's play, baseball/softball, picnicking, golf, tennis and surface acres for freshwater boating, boat fishing and skiing, with no opportunities available for football/soccer and the trails activities. 418 REGION 29 ESTIMATED CURRENT AND FUTURE PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METRO The fifth ranking metro area, based on population, El Paso also ranked fifth in total participation for the year 1970. Estimates for 1970 indicate that residents and non-residents in the area spent over 13.1 million recreation days in pursuit of urban outdoor recreation opportunities available within the metro area. Resident Total days of participation in urban outdoor recreation activities by the residents of the El Paso Metropolitan Area for the 16 activities shown were estimated to be 12.9 million days in 1970. Total participation is expected to in- crease to 19.6 million days in 1975 and to 28.4 million days in 1980. These projections represent increases of 50.5 percent by 1975 and 121.0 percent by 1980. Participation on a days per household bas.is is projected to increase from 144.9 days in 1970 to 193.3 days in 1975, and to 247.4 days in 1980--increases of 33.4 and 70.7 percent, respectively, over the 1970 level. Residents of the El Paso Metropolitan Area are expected to participate at a rate of 21, -32, and 45 days per household above the statewide average for the other Texas metropolitan areas in 1970, 1975, and 1980, respectively. For the more distant years of 1990 and 2000, both total days of participation and days per household are expected to increase and days per household will remain above the statewide average for all metropolitan areas. Projections for specific activities indicate that each of the 16 activities will increase in total days of partici- .pation through the years 1975 and 1980. Participation on a days per household basis is also expected to increase in all 16 activities. In 1970, the six most popular activities, based on total participation, were estimated to be: swimming, bicycling, walking, driving for pleasure, child's play, and picnicking, respectively. By 1975, child's play and driving for pleasure are expected to switch positions, with all other activities holding their relative rankings. Non-Resident When considering participation in urban outdoor recreation acrivities in 1970, a total of 281,000 days of particip4- tion, according to the projections, were recorded by non-residents in the El Paso Metropolitan Area. As compared to the 1970 level, total participation is expected to increase 11.7 percent to 314,000 days by 1975 and 23.1 percent to 346,000 days by 1980. This trend of increased participation is expected to continue through the years 1990 and 2000. The estimates for 1970 indicate that the top six ranked activities, in order of popularity, were sightseeing, swim- ming, driving for pleasure, picnicking, walking, and child's play with totals of 152,000, 47,000, 37,000, 17,000, 16,000, and 5,000 days, respectively. It is anticipated that all activities will increase in participation through the year 2000 and hold their 1970 ranking in terms of popularity. 419 REGION 29 CURRENT AND PROJECTED RESIDENT PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS (000-S OF ANNUAL ACTIVITY DAYS) 1970 1975 1980 990 2000 STATE- STATE- STATE- STATE@ STATE- REG.29 WIDE REG.29 WIDE REG.29 WIDE REG.29 WIDE REG.29 WIDE NETROS MEMOS 14ETROS MEMOS MEMOS MEMOS MEMOS MEMOS METROS MEMOS PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE ACTIVITY DAYS RANK DAYS/HH DAYS/Hil DAYS RANK DAYSIRR DAYSJHH DAYS RANK DAYS/HR DAYS11HR DAYS RANK DAYSIKH DAYS/RH DAYS RANK DAYSIHH DAYS/HH Swimming 3,093 1 34.84 27.41 4,648 1 45.76 36.52 6,603 1 57.45 47.17 12,780 2 89.41 75.28 21,320 2 127.03 110.14 Child's Play 1,476 5 16.63 14.08 2,139 4 21.06 17.72 3,118 4 27.13 22.00 5,623 4 39.34 32.20 9,206 4 54.85 43.99 Baseball/Softball 293 8 3.30 2.78 386 10 3.80 3.19 524 9 4.56 3.59 780 9 5.46 4.41 1,117 9 6.66 5.22 Picnicking 809 6 9.11 5.72 881 6 8.67 5.66 1,066 6 9.27 5.66 1,129 8 7.90 5.61 1,273 8 7.58 5.64 Football/Soccer 387 7 4.36 1.43 423 9 4.16 1.42 469 10 4.08 1.41 547 11 3.83 1.39 618 12 3.68 1.38 Golf 282 9 3.18 3.92 430 8 4.23 4.98 626 8 5.45 6.16 1,236 7 8.65 8.96 2,128 7 12.68 12.07 Tennis 246 11 2.77 6.06 340 11 3.35 9.21 434 12 3.78 11.49 646 10 4.52 16.07 885 10 5.27 21.46 Basketball 252 10 2.84 1.60 551 7 5.42 2.59 921 7 8.01 3.57 1,884 6 13.18 5.52 3,080 6 18.35 7.53 Walking 1,861 3 20.96 18.21 3,168 3 31.19 23.09 4,761 3 41.42 29.20 8,845 3 61.88 39.89 13,820 3 82.34 50.31 Bicycling 1,867 2 21.03 20.30 3,931 2 38.70 32.77 6,480 2 56.38 45.25 13,111 1 91.73 68.44 21,328 1 127.08 95.49 Nature Study 38 15 .43 .72 63 15 .62 1.67 95 15 .83 2.64 175 15 1.22 4.63 272 15 1.62 6.70 Fishing 159 13 1.79 1.80 191 13 1.88 1.88 226 14 1.97 1.97 305 14 2.13 2.13 387 14 2.31 2.30 Boating 78 14 .88 .88 162 14 1.60 1.60 266 13 2.31 2.31 535 12 3.74 3.74 868 11 5.17 5.17 Skiing 37 16 .42 .42 63 15 .62 .62 94 16 .82 .82 174 16 1.22 1.22 272 15 1.62 1.81 Surfing --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- Sightseeing 233 12 2.62 2.25 279 12 2.75 2.34 462 11 4.01 2.50 451 13 3.16 2.10 585 13 3.49 3.01 Dr. for Pleas. 1755 4 19e77 13.38 1,980 13.52 _L2 2 3"126 5 18.63 14.10 L 5 19*49 293 5 19 w 95 13.67 @L703 5 l8e9i 13.86 TOTAL 12,866 144.93 120.96 19,635 193-3@ 158.78 29,439 247-42 199.41 50,924 356.28 286.05 80,285 478.36 386.32 CURRENT AND PROJECTED NON-RESIDENT PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 TOTAL CURRENT AND PROJECTED PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 (OOOIS OF ANNUAL ACTIVITY DAYS) (OOO'S OF ANNUAL ACTIVITY DAYS) .ACTIVITY 1970 1975 1980 1990 2000 ACTIVITY 1970 1975 1980 1990 200 Swimming 47 53 58 - 70 80 Swimming 3,i4O 4,701 6,661 12,850 21,400 Child's Play 5 6 6 8 9 Child's Play 1,481 2,145 3,124 5,631 9,215 Baseball/Softball Baseball/Softball 293 386 524 780 1,117 Picnicking 17 19 21 25 29 Picnicking 826 900 1,087 1,154 1,302 Football/Soccer 3 3 4 4 5 Football/Soccer 390 426 473 551 623 Golf 1 1 1 1 1 Golf 283 431 627 1,237 2,129 Tennis Tennis 246 340 434 646 885 Basketball I 1 1 2 2 Basketball 253 552 922 1,886 3,082 Walking 16 18 20 24 28 Walking 1,877 3,186 4,781 8,869 13,848 Bicycling Bicycling 1,867 3,931 6,480 13,111 21,328. Nature Study 2 2 2 3 3 Nature Study 40 65 97 178 275 Fishing Fishing 159 191 226 305 387 Boating Boating 78 162 266 535 868 Skiing Skiing 37 63 94 174 272 Surfing --- --- Surfing --- --- --- Sightseeing 152 170 188 227 258 Sightseeing 385 449 650 678 843 Dr. for Pleas. 37 41 45 55 62 Dr. for Pleas. @,792 2,021 2,338 2,758 3.18 TOTAL 281 314 346 419 477 TOTAL 13,147 19,949 28,784 51,343 80,762 Note: Asterisks indicate that projected annual activity days were less than 500. Dashes indicate not applicable. Zeros indicate that the activity was not ranked due to insignificant participation days recorded. 420 REGION 29 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 Estimates of urban outdoor recreation resource requirements yere developed for the El Paso Metropolitan Area for the years 1970, 1975, 1980 '1990, and 2000 by comparing current@ and projected recreation participation with the 1971 recreation opportunities-;--7 available in the metro. In addition, the availability and spatial distribution of recrea- tion opportunities provided by parks and recreation facilities were analyzed with respect to subsections of the metro characterized by residents having similar incomes and ethnic backgrounds. Particular attention was given to those subsections expected to undergo relatively rapid population growth and physical expansion in the future. Conclusions reached from analyzing the distribution of recreation opportunities within the metropolitan area were used to qualify resource requirement estimates where a less than adequate distribution appeared to exist. In the discussion,that follow, results of the distribution analysis of parks within subsections of the El Paso Metro Area are presented. Then, estimates of current andfuture requirements for selected recreation facilities are pre- sented, and qualified by conclusions reached from the distribution analysis of recreation facilities within subsec- tions of the El Paso Metro Area. PARK DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS The accessibility of a park to the people who use it determines to a significant extent the frequency and length of time that recreationists will participate in the activities provided at that park. The distribution of parks among the people of any municipality determines the extent to which parks are accessible to recreationists. In analyzing the availability' and distribution of parks to people in the El Paso.Metro, several characteristics were considered; changes in population (or trends, in general, 1960 to 1970), areas of the metro which exhibited the strongest growth tendencies, and the dispersion of existing parks among subsections of the metro characterized by residents of dif- ferent incomes and ethnic backgrounds. From these interrelated cj@aracteristics certain conclusions have been reached with specific inferences drawn to requirements for additional parks. Population growth affected current and future participated estimates used to projectrecreation resource requirements. Projects of population growth indicate that the 1970 metro population of 322,261 will increase almost sixty-five percent by the year 2000, Information provided by planners in 1971 shows that directions of major urban expansion were likely to occur toward the east near the El Paso International Airport, the northeast (along the major north/ south highway), and the northwest (along Interstate 10). This information is presented graphically on the map, titled "Predominant Ethnic Background and Income Subsections". 1/"Current" participation refers to levels of participation by type of selected recreation activity,which were esti- mated for the year 1970. 2/"Current" recreation opportunities refers to computed figures derived from the numbers of publicly-administered facilities by type available within the metro area in 1971. 421 REGION 29 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 .This same map. shows eight major income/ethnic subsections, as delineated by planners in 1971. A large area between Highway 80 and the Rio Grande was made up basically of low-income Mexican-Americans. Low-income Anglos were con- centrated in three parts of the metro: in southeast El Paso, in the near north side (north of Trowbridge), and in the far north (along the main north/south highway). Middle-income Anglos were dispersed through most areas of the metro, including the east and southeast, the north, and the northwest portions of El Paso. There were three small areas of high-income Anglos: just east of Farm Road 2316, along the northern fringe (west of Biggs Air Force Base), and in northwest El Paso in the vicinity of Highway 20. The "Dispersion of Parks by Type" map shows the geographic distribution of parks, as of 1971. Comparison with the "Predominant Ethnic Background and Income Subsections" map indicates that most areas of the metro had at least some type of park, although there were four small subsections which had no parks at all: the two low-income Anglo sub- sections in north central El Paso, the high-income Anglo area along the northern fringe, and the high-income Anglo area east of Farm Road 2316. Also, the middle-income Anglo area in the vicinity of Fort Bliss seemed to be rela- tively distant from parks. The distribution of district parks was not altogether balanced; generally, they were located along the main fiorth/ south highway, and in southeastern El Paso. There were no district parks west of Piedras Street. While community parks were distributed on a fairly uniform basis, the few specialty parks tended to be clustered within a two mile radius of the University of Texas at El Paso campus. All of the open land parks were situated within the large middle-income Anglo area which comprised most of the metro; there were no open land parks in any of the other seven income/ethnic subsections. In addition to maintaining an adequate dispersion of parks in all portions of the metro area, the provision of dif- ferent types of recreational facilities in parks is also an important consideration. An analysis of the current and future requirements for selected recreational facilities and the current dispersion of facilities in the El Paso Metro is presented in the following discussions. FACILITY REQUIRKNENTS AND DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS As mentioned previously, requirements for selected recreational facilities (see the following table) were calculated for the years 1970, 1975, 1980, 1990, and 2000. Then, an analysis of the dispersion of existing facilities among the predominant income/ethnic background subsections and the major growth areas of the metro was conducted. Con- clusions reached from the facility dispersion analysis were then used to qualify the facility requirement estimates, particularly in those c&ses where no additional facilities were estimated as being needed within the metropolitan area. Usually, special note is made where growth areas appeared to have limited facilities. The methodology used to calculate facility requirements in general is explained in Appendix C, Part I--An Overview of the Urban Volume. In the discussions that-follow, resource requirements for recreational facilities are generally referred to by units of the most important features necessary to allow participation. For example, when a requirement is shown for 422 m < z < 0 Z jL - 4 ; - 0 CC W co do= 0 LLI w I LLJ in m o .0 -4 w LLI E 0 CL 5 (r 2 @ c CD 0 z D 0 < 2.c LU LU jz cc 0 LLJ z V) cx V) Sa ol z z g 4 4 u 0 z < z 10 @z .4 'z -0 4z z 9 @u R, @z < Z' C, o ; > > > > t -Z <0 z z z < z z z z @<2 < < < 4 < 4 4 < . 0 Im z z z z 2 z z z z uw Z - - i s 5 E . u@@ 2 5 2 E - o o o o o o <z 0 in 0 0 o 0 z 'z2 LU Z z cc 0 u z iL OK 0 EA E3 1 0 El El El 1-1 REGION 29 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: NETROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 swimming pools, features such as a bathhouse, cleaning and filtering system, and other support features are implied when a requirement for the major facility is shown. Swimming The El Paso Metro reported 3,200 square yards of swimming pools in 1971. Each square yard (unit) was estimated to pro- vide 150 days of swimming opportunity per year which yielded an estimated 480,000 opportunity days. To determine if there was a surplus or deficit of opportunity, estimated participation days and estimated opportunity days were com- pared. For swimming there was a substantial deficit of opportunity in 1970, and larger deficits were shaifn in each planning year thereafter. In 1970, 16,480 square yards of pools were required. By 1975 the cumulative requirement was estimated at 26,260 square yards of pools. Cumulative 1980 requirements were estimated at 38,540 square yards. Cumulative requirements in 1990 and 2000 were estimated at 77,327 and 130,907 square yards respectively. Only eight .parks were shown to have swimming facilities in 1971, and most swimming facilities were located in north central and south central El Paso in predominantly middle-income Anglo,4nd low-income Mexican-American nieghborhoods, respectively. This may indicate that additional facilities were needed especially in the northeastern, northwestern, and southeastern extremities of the metro with special considerations given to the more rapidly expanding residential sections. Child's Play The El Paso Metro area in 1971 had eighty-three acres of playground divided among fifty-two parks within the metro boundary. Multiplying the eighty-three acre units by the playground standard (each acre was calculated to provide 27,623 days of recreation opportunity per unit per year) provided an estimated 2,293,000 annual opportunity (poten- tial participation) days. Annual opportunity days were then compared with the forecasted demands, as shown in the El Paso resource requirements table for the planning horizon years 1970, 19752 1980, 1990, and 2000. Playground area surpluses were apparent for 1970 and 1975. The cumulative requirement for 1980 was thirty additional acres above the existing eighty-three acres in 1971. Requirements will grow incrementally by 91 acres and 130 acres in the remaining planning horizon years of 1990 and 2000, respectively, to a total requirement of 251 acres by the year 2000. There- fore, if all the playground areas expected to be required by the year 2000 are constructed, the total combined avail- able playground area within the metro area should be approximately 334 acres. Since the existing playgrounds were relatively well distributed among the subsections, additional playgrounds should be similarly dispersed with emphasis placed on the major growth areas. Saseball/Softball With an existing thirty-silx baseball/softball fields providing approximately 497,000 opportunity days (the facility standard'Ptilized was 13,804 opportunity days provided per field each year), the El Paso-Metropolitan Area appeared to have a sufficient quantity of fields to meet the activity requirements of their baseball/softball recreationists through the year 1975. The cumulative requirement for 1980 is 2 additional fields, with incremental requirements for 1990 and 2000 of 19 fields and 24 fields, respectively. If all the baseball/softball fields expected to be 424 REGION 29 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 2 0 0 0 required by the year 2000 are constructed, the cumulative total should be forty-five fields. Since existing fields were reasonably well distributed in the metro, additional fields should be similarly distributed with emphasis on growth areas. Picnicking There were 360 public picnic tables in the El Paso Metro in 1971. At 1,702 days of opportunity per table per year (standard) the existing tables provided approximately 613,000 days annually. In 1970 there was a cumulative require- ment of 125 tables, with incremental requirements of 44 tables for 1975 and 109 tables for 1980. Another 40 tables will be needed by the year 1990, and an additional 87 tables will be needed to bring the year 2000 El Paso Metro Area cmulative total to 405 tables. The distribution analysis of picnicking facilities indicated good dispersion among the existing populace; however, as the metro area grows, provision of additional tables in the growing areas should be considered. Football/Soccer In 1971 there were no football/soccer fields in El Paso Metro parks. To make up this deficit, fifty-four, fields were needed by 1970, each providing on the average 7,224 days of opportunity annually. Each successive planning horizon year shows further incremental requirements: 5 fields for 1975, 6 fields for 1980, 11 fields for 1990, and 10 fields for 2000. By 2000 the combined total required for El Paso will be eight-six fields. Development of these fields should produce even dispersion throughout the metro, with special attention to major growth areas. Golf In 1971 one publicly-administered course provided eighteen holes for golf. Using the urban golf standard, each golf hole was calculated to be capable of providing 4,047 days of recreation opportunity annually. El Paso golfers, then, should have had about 73,000 days of opportunity provided by the public course. Comparing the expected participation for the projection years with the available opportunity days shows that the golfers would have required an additional fifty-two holes (almost three eighteen-hole courses) in 1970. incrementally, additions of 36, 49, 151, and 220 holes would be needed in the years 1975, 1980, 1990, and 2000, respectively, to meet expected increases in golfing parti- cipation. As a general rule, golf courses are constructed in multiples of nine holes; therefore, by the year 2000 the El Paso Metro Area will need slightly over fifty-eight additional nine-hole courses (522 holes) or twenty-nine eighteen-hole courses, or some appropriate combination which considers local resourses. In view of the fact that there was only one municipal golf course in 1971, consideration should be given to most areas of the metro in the provision of additional courses. Particular attention should be given especially to central, northern, and north- western areas. 425 REGION 29 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 Tennis The 110,000 opportunity days provided by the forty-one tennis courts available in 1971 (each court can make available about 2,694 days of opportunity per year) left a serious deficit of opportunity in the metro. In 1970, fifty addition- al courts were required, with incremental requirements of 35, 35, 79, and 89 courts for the years 1975, 1980, 1990, and 2000, respectively, which brings the cumulative requirement to 288 courts by the year 2000. Although a dispersion analysis was not possible from available information, consideration should be given to providing a balanced distribu- tion relative to growth areas and the various income/ethnic subsections. Basketball According to the urban basketball standard, each of the thirty-four basketball courts in the El Paso Metro Area should provide approximately 8,795 days of opportunity per year for a total of about 299,000 opportunity days. Though the thirty-four courts were sufficient for 1970 facility needs, there were requirements of 29 additional courts for 1975, and increments of 42, 109, and 136 courts needed for the years 1980, 1990, and 2000, respectively. Therefore, the cumulative requirement for the year.2000 totaled 316 courts. Although a dispersion analysis was not possible from available information, consideration should be given to providing a balanced distribution relative to growth areas and the various income/ethnic subsections. Trails Activities There were no trails in the El Paso Metro Area in 1971. Analysis indicated that approximately thirty-three miles of combined trails should have been provided in 1970. Given the expected participation growth in the trails activities, incremental additions were projected to increase to 27 miles in 1975, 32 miles in 1980, 84 miles in 1990, and 103 miles in 2000. Overall, a combined total of 279 miles of trails should be added by the year 2000 to meet expected participation levels. A relatively small proportion of the total participation in trail and related activities was estimated to take place in publicly-administered park and recreation areas. It is likely, however, that as trail facilities are provided, the relative proportion of total participation will increase at these recreation areas. Thus, the above estimates of resources required may be conservative in the long run and should be considered as minimum estimates. In addition to the expectations for increases in participation in trails and related activities at publicly-administered park and recreation areas, it is clear that the major proportion of walking, bicycling, and nature study is occurring in places other than established recreation areas. The majority of this participation is most likely taking place in local neighborhoods, on city streets, and on available open lands within the area. This phenomenon has direct policy impli- cations with respect to the provision of sidewalks within currently existing and newly developing neighborhoods, the development of a system of bike lanes in high use areas, and the provision of adequate open space and green belt areas within the metro area. 426 REGION 29 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing Surface Acres - Freshwater Lakes (Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing) A total of fifty surface acres of freshwater lakes was located with the El Paso Metro Area in 1971. Using participa- tion patterns of households recreating in the urban areas, it was estimated that boating would have totaled 78,000 days, boat fishing 34,000 days, and skiing 37,000 days for a total of 149,000 days in 1970, if adequate freshwater lakes had been available. Comparing estimated participation with the opportunities provided by the surface acres existing in 1971 indicates that incremental resource requirements are expected to expand from an additional 307 acres needed in 1970 to 278 acres in 1975, 343 acres in 1980, 875 acres in 1990, and 1,076 acres in the year 2000. This brings the cumulative resource requirement to an additional 2,879 surface acres by the year 2000. To obtain an ade- quate quantity of recreational water has been difficult, however, because the western part of the State has exceedingly high evaporation rates combined with low annual rainfall rates. Freshwater Boat Rampl/ Four publicly-admi'nistered freshwater boat lanes were reported for'the El Paso Metro Area in 1971. By estimating the 1970 total freshwater boat fishing, skiing, and boating participation which would have occurred using freshwater boat ramp facilities to gain access to the water if sufficient ramps were Available, it was calculated that two additional boat ramps were needed in 1970. Projected increases in freshwater boat fishing, skiing, and boating participation are expected to require three additional freshwater boat ramps in 1975, four more in 1980, nine in 1990, and twelve in the year 2000, bringing the cumulative resource requirement to thirty ramps by the year 2000. Since boat ramps are the most frequently used means by which boaters, skiers, 'and boat fishermen gain access to freshwater lakes, the provision of freshwater surface acres and freshwater boat ramps required should be planned as joint projects if the provision of freshwater lakes is potential Summary of Facilities Requirements The following selected types of additional recreation facilities were found to be required in each planning horizon year: public swimming pools, picnic tables, football/soccer fields, public golf courses, tennis courts, designated trails for walking, bicycling, and nature study, as well as boat ramps, and surface acres of freshwater lakes. In addition, resource requirements for basketball were estimated to appear beginning in 1975, and playgrounds and base- ball/softball fields by 1980. I/ In calculating freshwater boat ramp resource requirements the assumption was made that each boat ramp has two lanes. Supply figures listed in the "Park and Recreation. Facilities by Type' of Park" table and quoted in the narratives are in terms of single lanes. 427 REGION 29 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: NETROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 A dispersion analysis was possible only for a few facility types. Additional swimming facilities appear to have been needed in the northeastern, northwestern, and southeastern extremities of the metro. The only municipal golf course was in El Paso's near southeastern side; consequently, additional courses appear to have been needed in most sections of the metro, especially the central, northern, and northwestern sections. The dispersion of playgrounds and picnick- ing facilities appear to have been fairly even. In the provision of outdoor recreation activities, consideration should be given to a balanced distribution relative to growth areas and the various income/ethnic subsections. 428 REGION 29 RECREATION RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS, 1970 -2000 CITY SIZE: NETROS TOTAL 1971 OPPORTUNITY NET OPPORTUNITY DAYS PARTICIPATION DAYS AVAILABLE (000's CF UNITS OF RECREATION (OOO'S OF (OOO'S OF ACTIVITY DAYS) RESOURCES REQUIRED YEAR ACTIVITY ACTIVITY DAYS ACTIVITY DAYS DEFICIT- S URPLUS CUMULATIVE INCREMENTAL Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 2,952 1/ 480 2,472 16,480 square yards-21 16,480 square yards-2/ Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 1,481 2,293 812 0acres 0acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 293 497 204 0fields 0fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 826 613 213 125 tables 125 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 390 0 390 54 fields 54 fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283 73 210 52 holes 52 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 110 136 50 courts, dbl. 50 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253 299 46 0courts, full 0courts, full 1970 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 149 21 128 307 surfaj7 acres 307 surfac acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 113 54 59 2ramps- 2ramps-37 Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 4/ 23 miles 23 miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 4/ 9miles 9miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 4/ 1mile Imile Combined Walking, Bicycling, Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 280 4/ 0 280 33 miles 33 miles ACTIVITY Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 4,419 480 3,939 26,260 square yards-2/ 9,780 square yards!/ Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 2,145 2,293 148 0acres 0acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 386 497 ill 0fields 0fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 900 613 287 169 tables 44 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 426 0 426 59 fields 5fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431 73 358 88 holes 36 holes Tennis 340 110 230 85 courts, dbl. 33 courts, dbl. Basketbali 552 299 253 29 courts, full 29 courts, full 1975 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 265 21 244 585 surfac acres 278 surface acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 194 54 140 5ramp,32 3ramps-3/ Trails Activities: Walking. 335 4/ 40 miles 17 miles Bicycling: 157 19 miles 10 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 1mile 0miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, 4/ 0 505 60 miles 27 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 505 - 429 REGION 29 RECREATION RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS TOTAL 1971 OPPORTUNITY NET OPPORTUNITY DAYS PARTICIPATION DAYS AVAILABLE (OOOIS OF UNITS OF RECREATION (OOO'S OF (OOO'S OF ACTIVITY DAYS) RESOURCES REQUIRED YEAR ACTIVITY ACTIVITY DAYS) ACTIVITY DAYS DEFICIT SURPLUS CUMULATIVE INCREMENTAL 480 5,781 38,540 square yardsv 12,280 square yard&V Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 6,261 - Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 3,124 2,293 831 30 acres 30 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 524 497 27 2fields 2 fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,087 613 474 278 tables 109 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 473 0 473 65 fields 6 fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 627 73 554 137 holes 49 holes Tennis . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . 434 110 324 120 courts, dbl. 35 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 922 299 623 71 courts, full 42 courts, full 1980 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 408 21 387 928 surfas@ acres 343 surfa3c7 acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 293 54 239 9ramps- 4 ramps- Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502 4/ 59 miles 19 miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259 31 miles 12 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 2miles I mile Combined Walking, Bicycling, Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 780 4/ 0 780 92 miles 32 miles ACTIVITY Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 12,079 .1/ 480 11,599 77,327 square yards-V 38,787 square yards-V Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 5,631 2,293 3,338 121 acres 91 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 780 497 283 21 fields 19 fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,154 613 541 318 tables 40 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 551 0 551 76 fields 11 fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,237 73 1,164 288 holes 151 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 646 110 536 199 courts, dbl. 79 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,886 299 1,587 180 courts, full 109 courts, full 1990 Water-Related Activities; Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 773 21 752 1,803 surfac7 acres 875 surface acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 547 54 493 18 ramps-3 9 ramps!/ Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 931 4/ 110 miles 51 miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524 62 miles 31 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 4miles 2 miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 1,491 4/ 0 1,491 176 miles 84 miles 430 REGION 29 RECREATION RESOURCE REQUIRalENTS, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: mETROS TOTAL 1971 OPPORTUNITY NET OPPORTUNITY DAYS PARTICIPATION DAYS AVAILABLE (OOO'S OF UNITS OF RECREATION (OOO'S OF (000-S OF ACTIVITY DAYSA-_ RESOURCES REQUIRED YEAR ACTIVITY ACTIVITY DAYS) ACTIVITY DAYS) DEFICIT SURPLUS ZUMULATIVE INCREMENTAL Swimming (Pools) ... . . . . . . . . . 20,116 480 19,636 130,907 square yard 2/ 53,580 square yards- a 2/ Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 9,215 2,293 6,922 251 acres 130 acres . Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 1,117 497 620 45 fields 24 fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,302 613 689 405 tables 87 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 623 0 623 86 fields 10 fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,129 73 2,056 508 holes 220 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 885 110 775 288 courts, dbl. 89 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,082 299 2,783 316 courts, full 136 courts, full 2000 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 1,222 21 1,201 2,879 surfa acr 1,076 surfav acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 857 54 803 30 ramp 12 ramps- Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,454 4/ 172 miles 62 miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 853 100 miles 38 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 7 miles 3 miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, 4/ Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 2,362 0 2,362 279 miles 103 miles I/ Includes only swimming participation occurring in swimming pools, 94 percent of the total in urban areas. @/ Designated freshwater swimming areas may be substituted for swimming pools. When making substitutions consider total swimming participation. 51 Assumes 2.0 lanes per ramp. Z/ Reflects estimated participation occurring in park and recreation areas; does not include participation occurring outside park and recreation areas. Of the total walking, bicycling, and nature study participation it was determined that 10.5, 4.0, and 20.1 percent, respectively for each activity, occurs in park and recreation areas. 431 C-j rn m 0 wo > En . ... ... . . ... . ...... . .. . .. .. ... . . . . ... ... .. REGION 33 REGIONAL DESCRIPTION: CORPUS CHRISTI NETROPOLITAN AREA The Region 33 metropolitan area is composed solely of Corpus POPULATION Christi. Corpus Christi, with one of the nation's highest 1970 Metro Area Population: 204,525 economic potentials, is predicted to become a "boom town" Change 1960-70: +22% within the next ten years. It is located on Corpus Christi Race Composition Bay, which opens to the Gulf of Mexico. The city received its White ..... 94% name from Alonso Alvarez de Pineda, a Spanish explorer who Negro ..... 5% claimed the outer island and adjacent land for the King of Other 1% Spain in 1519. Early Spanish attempts at colonization were Age Composition (years): hindered by the Karankawas and other Indians. Between 1817 13 or less ..... 30% and 1821, the area was used as a base by Jean LaFitte, the 14,- 20 ..... 14/ French pirate. 21 -.44 ..... 31% 45 - 64 ...... 19% Corpus Christi was founded in 1839 by Henry L. Kinney, a 65 and over ..... 6% Pennsylvanian who established a trading post here. The city did not prosper until 1848 when Kinney advertised the site ECONOMY wid6ly as the "Italy of America" and began real estate Agribusiness promotion, which attracted many immigrants. Kinney also Military Installation opened trade by wagon train with El Paso and Chihuahua. Petrochemical Seafood Processing The Corpus Christi Metropolitan Area is the mercantile center Seaport for a large area of South'Texas. The economy is chiefly supported Tourism by agriculture, the petrochemical and metal industries, and various manufacturing plants. Industries now operating in the area are working together in a self-policing program to maintain a clean environment. Museums located here include the Corpus Christi Museum, the Old Texas Museum, the Centennial Art Museum, and the Centennial Museum. The city has a little theater group and a symphony orchestra. It is the home of Del Mar College and the University of Corpus Christi. A U. S. Naval Air Station is on the southern edge of the city. The city's largest hospital, Memorial Medical Center, is operated by the local government. Among annual events in the city are the New Year's Day Swim, the Boat Show (January) , the Motorcycle Show (February) the Rose Show (March), the Lola Forester Flower Show (April) , the South Texas Traditional Art Show (April) , Cinco de Mayo (May), the Navy Relief Festival (June), the State Senior Golf Tourney (October), and the Emerald Beach Pro-Am Golf Tourney (October). The outstanding annual attraction is the Buccaneer Days Celebration, an eleven-day festival held ift April or May. 1/ Includes persons of Mexican and/or Spanish descent. 433 REGION 33 CITY SIZE: METRO P U B L I C L Y D M I N I S T E R E D R E C R E A T 1 0 N 0 P P 0 R T U N I T I E S LAND AND WATER ACREAGE REGION ACRES STATEWIDE 33 AVERAGE METRO METRO AREAS 76% Developed Land 800 1,307 REGION Undeveloped Land 257 536 33 METRO Total Land 1,057 1, 843 2 47. Water Within or Adjacent 19 1,006 Total Land and Water 1,076 2,849 FM DEVELOPED LAND UNDEVELOPED LAND Corpus Christi has a total of 1,057 acres of land set aside as park and recreation areas. In addition, 19 surface acres of water either within or adjacent to these parks were reported. 71% Of the total land acreage, 800 acres are developed with STATEWIDE facilities, leaving 257 acres available for development AVERAGE in the future. 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'a a) 0. 0 u41 0M I@d 0 4-1 I@d X I'D k 0 $4 0 0CU 0)p 0 0 0 w 4J -4 co 4) u 4) .0 CL 44 Lr)CC) 0 9: cd -,4 A4 P4 -.4 04 U) 0 r- E-1M @4 :3: CLAR-(D(@C C-) m C m C) U) 0 m 0 0 CA) c > m z M oc WL Lr 00 co C4 0 co -0 > m -0 -0 0 z m m (n -u z 0 K --I > COO > K M m - c 0 > z 0 A V) z ac > -0 -n > > > < m > < 41- CD 0 > c 'a CL (D REGION 33 CITY SIZE: METRO PARK AND RECREATION FACILITIES BY TYPE OF PARK UNITS PER THOUSAND DISTRICT COMMUNITY SPECIALTY PEOPLE REGION STATEWIDE TYPE OF FACILITY PARK PARK . PARK TOTAL PER 33 AVERAGE (UNITS)- (UNITS)- (UNITS) UNITS UNIT METRO METRO AREAS Games and Sports: Parks ............................. 4 51 0 55 3,718 .268 .150 Tennis Courts ..................... 0 27 0 27 7,575 .131 .142 Basketball Courts ................. 0 6 0 6 34,087 .029 .071 Baseball/Softball Fields .......... 0 6 0 6 34,087 .029 .186 Football/Soccer Fields ............ 0 0 0 0 --- --- .032 Picnicking: Parks ............................. 3 19 1 23 8,892 .112 .124 Tables ............................. 140 360 85 585 349 2.853 1.230 Playground: Parks ............................. 5 54 4 63 3,246 .307 .170 Acres Developed ................... 10 108 8 126 1,623 .614 .258 Swimming: Parks ............................. 1 5 1 7 29,217 .034 .050 Pools (Sq. Yd.) ................... 910 3,324 0 4,234 48 20.653 25.950 Designated Fresh Water (Sq. Yd.).. 0 0 0 0 --- --- 52.242 Designated Salt Water (Sq. Yd.) ... 0 0 0 0 --- --- --- Boating: Parks ............................. 1 0 0 1 204,525 .004 .006 Ramp Lanes - Fresh Water .......... 2 0 0 2 102,262 .009 .008 Ramp Lanes - Salt Water ........... 0 0 0 0 --- --- --- Camping: Parks ............................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .002 Campsites ......................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .121 Fishing: Parks ............................. 3 0 0 3 68,175 .014 .013 Pier/Barge/Marina-Fresh Water(Yd.) 0 0 0 0 --- --- .049 Pier/Barge/Marina-Salt Water(Yd.). 0 0 0 0 --- --- --- Golfing: Courses ............................ 0 0 1 1 204,525 .004 .005 Holes ............................. 0 0 18 18 11,362 .087 .100 Trails: Parks ............................. 1 0 0 1 204,525 .004 .006 Nature (Mi.) ...................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .009 Horseback (Mi.) .... o .............. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .003 Bicycle (Mi.) ..................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .007 Hiking (Mi.) ...................... 1 0 0 1 204,525 .004 .006 Total Trails (Mi.) ................ 1 0 0 204,525 .004 .021 437 REGION 33 PARK AND RECREATION FACILITIES BY TYPE OF PARK CITY SIZE: METRO UNITS PER THOUSAND DISTRICT COMMUNITY SPECIALTY PEOPLE REGION STATEWIDE TYPE OF FACILITY PARK PARK PARK TOTAL PER 33 AVERAGE (UNITS) (UNITS) (UNITS) UNITS UNIT METRO METRO AREAS Sport Shooting: Parks ............................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .002 Traps ............................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .002 Shooting Targets .................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- Archery Targets ................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .011 Miscellaneous: Parks ............................. 1 5 0 6 34,087 .029 .038 Amphitheatre Seats ..... 0 0 0 0 --- 7-- 1.077 Botanical Gardens (Acres) 0 0 0 0 .077 Zoos (Acres) ...................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .051 Community/Recreation Centers ...... 1 5 0 6 34,087 .029 .038 Most of the park and recreation facilities in Corpus Christi are in the.Community Park category. One of the Specialty Parks has the only golf course while the only boating and trails facilities are in the District Park category. Three of the District Parks have water available for fishing, although no specific fishing facilities were reported. A total of six community/recreation centers were inventoried. No salt water swimming, boating or fishing facilities were reported. Of the 151 parks, 63 have playgrounds, 55 have facilities for games and sports, 23 have picnicking facilities and 7 have swimming facilities. The most common types of games and sports facilities are tennis with 27 courts followed by baseball/softball with 6 fields and basketball with 6 courts. Looking at selected facilities in relation to the number of potential users we find the following: 204,525 persons for each mile of trails 7,575 persons for each tennis court 34,087 persons for each basketball court 1,623 persons for each acre of playground 34,087 persons for each baseball/softball field 349 persons for each picnic table 34,087 persons for each community/recreation center 48 persons for each square yard of swimming pool 11,362 persons for each golf hole Corpus Christi is above the Statewide Metro average for facility units per 1,000 only for picnic tables, playground acres and boat ramp lanes-fresh water, while falling below the average for tennis courts, basketball courts, baseball/ softball fields, square yards of swimming pools, golf holes, trail miles and community/recreation centers. No football/ soccer fields, designated fresh water swimming area, campsites, yards of fishing pier/barge/marina, sport shooting facilities, amphitheatre seats, acres of botanical gardens or zoo acreage were reported. 438 REGION 33 CONVERSION OF FACILITIES TO RECREATION OPPORTUNITY DAYS CITY SIZE: METRO I Current opportunity days for 1971 were calculated by multiplying the number of facilities available for each activity in the metro area (determined from the Texas Outdoor Recreation Inventory of Parks, Recreation Areas, and Facilities) times the standard for the facility. DAYS PER THOUSAND POPULATION ANNUAL REGION STATEWIDE DAYS 33 @VERAGE ACTIVITY-FACILITY AVAILABLE METRO METRO Swimming (Pools) square yards . . . . . . . . . . 635,100 3,098 3,891 Child's Play - playground acres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,480,498 16,978 7,137 Baseball/Softball - fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,824 404 2,577 Picnicking - tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 995,670 4,857 2,093 Football/Soccer - fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 235 Golf - holes ... * * * * ' * ** ' ' * * ' * * * ' * ' * ' * 72,846 355 414 Tennis - courts, double . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 72,738 355 384 Basketball - courts, full . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,770 257 625 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW` - surface acres . . . ... . 7,926 39 2,962 Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW - boat ramps . . . . . . . . 26,972 132 103 Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing SW - boat ramps . . . . . . . . 0 0 33 Trail Activities: Combined Walking, Bicycling, and Nature Study - miles . . . . 8,464 41 164 The Corpus Christi Metro Area offers the most opportunity d ays for child's play, followed by picnicking and swimming (in pools). A comparison between the opportunity days per thousand population for the Corpus Christi Metro Area and the Statewide Metro average shows that the Corpus Christi Metro Area surpasses the statewide average for three types of facilities -- children's playgrounds (in acres), picnic tables, and freshwater boat ramps. The Corpus Christi Metro Area is below the Statewide Metro average for swimming (in pools), baseball/softball, golf, tennis, basketball, surface acres for freshwater boating, boat fishing and skiing, and the trails activities, with no opportunity days available for football/soccer and saltwater boat ramps. 439 REGION 33 ESTIMATED CURRENT AND FUTURE PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METRO The eighth ranking metro area based on population, Corpus Christi also ranked eighth in total participation for the year 1970. Estimates for 1970 indicate that residents and non-residents in the area spent over 8.8 million recreation days in pursuit of urban outdoor recreation opportunities available within the metro area. Resident Total days of participation in urban outdoor recreation activities by the residents of the Corpus Christi Metropolitan Area for the 19 activities shown were estimated to be 6.3 million days in 1970. Total participation is expected to increase to 9.8 million days in 1975 and to 14.2 million days in 1980. These projections represent increases of 56.9 percent by 1975 and 126.3 percent by 1980. Participation on a days per household basis is projected to increase from 104.6 days in 1970 to 143.2 days in 1975, and to 181.3 days in 1980--increases of 36.9 and 73.3 percent, respectively, over the 1970 level. Residents of the Corpus Christi Metropolitan Area are expected to participate at a rate of 22, 21, and 24 days per household below the statewide average for the other Texas metropolitan areas in 1970, 1975, and 1980, respectively. For the more distant years of 1990 and 2000, both total days of participation and days per house- hold are expected to increase but days per household will remain below the statewide average for all metropolitan areas. Projections for specific activities indicate that each of the 19 activities,, except saltwater skiing, will increase in total days of participation through the years 1975 and 1980. On a days per household basis, participation is expected to increase in 13 activities by 1980 while saltwater skiing and basketball will remain relatively constant and picnick- ing, football, sightseeing, and driving for pleasure will decline slightly. Based on total days of participation, the six most popular activities in 1970 were: swimming, child's play, driving for pleasure, bicycling, picnicking, and walking. By 1975, the six most popular activities in the Corpus Christi Metropolitan Area are expected to be: bicy- cling, swimming, child's play, walking, driving for pleasure, and nature study, respectively. In 1980, walking and child's play will change positions, as will nature study and driving for pleasure, with bicycling and swimming still ranking first and second, respectively. Non-Resident When considering participation in urban outdoor recreation activities in 1970, a total of 2,576,000 days of participa- tion, according to the projections, was recorded by non-residents in the Corpus Christi Metropolitan Area. As com- pared to the total 1970 level, total participation is expected to increase 6.6 percent to 2,747,000 days in 1975, and 12.8 percent to 2,905,000 days by 1980. This trend of increased participation is expected to continue for the years of 1990 and 2000. The estimates for 1970 indicate that the top six ranked activities, in order of popularity, were saltwater fishing, swimming, sightseeing, saltwater boating, saltwater skiing, and picnicking with total of 873,000, 542,0002 513,0002 284,000, 116,000, and 92,000 days, respectively. It is expected that all 19 activities listed in the Table will increase in participation through the year 2000 and retain their order of participant popularity. 440 REGION 33 CUFiRENT AND PROJECTED RESIDENT PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS (OOO'S OF ANNUAL ACTIVITY DAYS) 1970 1975 1980 1990 2000 STATE- STATE- STATE- STATE- STATE- REG, 33 WIDE REG. 33 WIDE REG. 33 WIDE REG. 33 WIDE REG. 33 WIDE NETROS NETROS METROS METROS MFTROS NETROS METROS METROS METROS NETROS PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE ACTIVITY DAYS RANK DAYS/HH DAYS/1111 DAYS RANK DAYS/HH DAYS/HH DAYS RANK DAYS/HH DAYS /HH DAYS RANK DAYS/HH DAYS/HH DAYS RANK DAYS/Hll DAYS/HH Swimming 1,408 1 23.54 27.41 1,878 2 27.39 36.52 2,427 2 31.10 47.17 3,957 2 41.54 75.28 6,073 3 52.98 110.14 Child's Play 834 2 13.95 14.08 1,084 3 15.81 17.72 1,377 4 17.64 22.00 2,127 5 22.33 32.20 3,118 5 27.20 43.99 Baseball/Softball 333 8 5.57 2.78 397 9 5.79 3.19 462 9 5.92 3.59 623 8 6.54 4.41 807 8 7.04 5.22 Picnicking 443 5 7.41 5.72 477 7 6.96 5.66 510 8 6.53 5.66 583 9 6.12 5.61 656 9 5.72 5.64 Football/Soccer 123 13 2.06 1.43 132 13 1.93 1.42 140 15 1.79 1.41 160 15 1.68 1.39 180 16 1.57 1.38 Golf 173 11 2.89 3.92 224 10 3.27 4.98 281 10 3.60 6.16 435 10 4.57 8.96 636 10 5.55 12.07 Tennis 124 12 2.07 6.06 172 12 2.51 9.21 225 11 2.88 1-1.49 333 12 3.50 16.07 488 12 4.26 21.46 Basketball 31 17 .52 1.60 36 18 .53 2.59 40 18 .51 3.57 49 18 .51 5.52 59 18 .51 7.53 Walking 377 6 6.30 18.21 1,005 4 14.66 23.09 1,795 3 23.00 29.20 3,781 3 39.69 39.89 6,462 2 56.38 50.31 Bicycling 663 4 11.09 20.30 1,972 1 28.77 32.77 3,624 1 46.43 45.25 7,791 1 81.78 68.44 13,426 1117.13 95.49 Nature Study 300 9 5.02 .72 676 6 9.86 1.67 1,148 5 14.71 2.64 2,323 4 24.38 4.63 3,904 4 34.06 6.70 Fishing Freshwater 107 14 1.79 1.80 129 14 1.88 1.88 153 14 1.96 1.97 203 14 2,1@ 2.13 264 14 2.30 2.30 Saltwater 336 7 5.62 1.81 475 8 6.93 1.79 634 7 8.12 1.78 966 6 10.14 1.77 1,335 6 11.65 1.78 Boating Freshwater 53 15 .89 .88 109 15 1.59 1.60 180 13 2.31 2.31 356 11 3.74 3.74 593 11 5.17 5.17 Saltwater 50 16 .84 .84 58 16 .85 .84 66 16 .85 .84 80 17 .84 .84 96 17 .84 .84 Skiing Freshwater 25 18 .42 .42 42 17 .61 .62 64 17 .82 .82 116 16 1.22 1.22 186 15 1.62 1.81 Saltwater 3 19 .05 .05 3 19 .04 .04 3 19 .04 .04 4 19 .04 .04 5 19 .04 .04 Surfing --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- Sightseeing 191 10 3.19 2.25 205 11 2.99 2.34 218 12 2.79 2.50 246 13 2.58 2 70 274 13 2.39 3.01 Dr. for Pleas. 681 3 11.39 13.38 743 5 10.84 13.52 805 6 10.31 13.67 93-4 7 q-79 13:86 1.065 7--a.22- 14.10 TOTAL 6,255 104.61 123.66 9,817 143.21 161.45 14,152 181.31 202.07 25,066 263.12 288.70 39,627 345.70 388.98 CURRENT AND PROJECTED NON-RESIDENT PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 TOTAL CURRENT AND PROJECTED PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 (OOO'S OF ANNUAL ACTIVITY DAYS) (OOOIS OF ANNUAL ACTIVITY DAYS) ACTIVITY 1970 1975 1980 1990 2000 ACTIVITY 1970 1975 1980- 1990 2000 Swimming 542 578 611 662 735 Swimming 1,950 2,456 3,038 4,619 6,808 Child's Play 4 4 5 5 5 Child's Play 838 1,088 1,382 2,132 3,123 Baseball/Softball 3 3 4 4 4 Baseball/S.ftb.11 336 400 466 627 811 Picnicking 92 98 104 112 125 Picnicking 535 575 614 695 781 Football/Soccer 3 3 3 3 4 Footbail/Soccer 126 135 143 163 184 Golf 1 1 1 1 1 Golf 174 225 282 436 637 Tennis Tennis 124 172 225 333 488 Basketball Basketball 32 37 41 50 60 Walking 70 75 79 86 95 Walking 447 1,080 1,874 3,867 6,557 Bicycling Bicycling 663 1,972 3,624 7,791 13,426 Nature Study 3 3 3 3 4 Nature Study 303 679 1,151 2,326 3,908 Fishing Fishing Freshwater Freshwater 107 129 153 203 264 Saltwater 873, 931 984 .1,071 1,189 Saltwater 1,209 1,406 1,618 2,037 2,524 Boating Boating Freshwater Freshwater 53 109 180 356 593 Saltwater 284 303 321 347 385 Saltwater 334 361 387 427 481 Skiing Skiing Freshwater Freshwater 25 42 64 116 186 Saltwater 116 124 131 142 158 Saltwater 119 127 134 146 163 Surfing --- --- --- --- --- Surfing --- --- --- --- --- Sightseeing 513 547 578 626 695 Sightseeing 704 752 796 872 969 Dr. for Pleas. 71 76 so 87 96 Dr. for Pleas. 752 819 885 1,020 1,161 TOTAL 2,576 2,747 2,905 3,150 3i497 TOTAL 8,831 12,564 17,057 28,216 43,124 Note: Asterisks indicate that projected annual activity days were less than 500 . Dashes indicate not applicable. Zeros indicate that the activitywas not ranked due to 441 insignificant participation days recorded. REGION 33 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 2 0 0 0 Estimates of urban outdoor recreation resource requirements were devqloped for the Corpus Christi Metropolitan Area for the years 1970, 1975, 1980, 1990 and 2000 by comparing current-11 and projected recreation participation with thd current recreation opportunities.2/ available in the metro. In addition, the availability and spatial distribu- tion of recreation opportunities provided by parks and recreation facilities were-analyzed with respect to sub- sections of the Corpus Christi Metro characterized by residents having similar incomes and ethnic backgrounds. Particular attention was given to those subsections expected to undergo relatively rapid population growth and physical expansion in the future. Conclusions reached from analyzing the distribution of recreation opportunities within the metropolitan area were used to qualify resource requirement estimates where a less than adequate distribution appeared to exist. In the discussions that follow, results of the distribution analysis of parks within subsections of the Corpus Christi Metro Area are presented. Then, estimates of current and future requirements for selected recreation facilities are presented, and are qualified by conclusions reached from the distribution analysis of recreation. facilities within subsections of the Corpus Christi Metro. PARK DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS In analyzing the availability and distribution of parks in the Corpus Christi Metro, several characteristics were considered: changes in population (or trends, in general, 1960 to 1970), areas of the metro which were expected to exhibit relatively major expansion, and the dispersion of existing parks among the income/ethnic subsections of the metro. From these interrelated characteristics general conclusions were reached with respect to future park develop- ments for the metro area. Population trends affected estimations of future recreation participation. Projections for Corpus Christi indicate that the 1970 metro population of 204,505 will increase to approximately 369,000 by the year 2000. Planners indicated in 1971 that the metro was likely to expand toward the west and southwest, as indicated by arrows on the map, titled "Predominant Ethnic, Background and Income Subsections." I/ "Current" participation refers to levels of participation by type of selected recreation activity which were estimated for the year 1970. 2/ "Current" recreation opportunities refers to computed figures derived from the numbers of publicly-administered facilities by type available within the metro area in 1971. 442 REGION 33 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 2 0 0 0 This same map shows that there were seven major income/ethnic subsections, as delineated by planners in 1971. Five of the seven subsections were composed of predominantly low-income residents. Low-income Anglos were concentrated in three subsections': one such area extended west and southwest from the intersection of Highway 44 and Baldwin Blvd.; another extended along the bayshore from just west of Highway 181 south to about Gollihar Road; the third subsection of low-income Anglos was located south and west of the Naval Air Station. . An elongated subsection extend- ing south from Highway 44 to the metro boundary was composed of predominantly law-income Mexican Americans, and a small area of low-income Blacks was situated near the central business district (in the vicinity of the intersection of Highway 9 and 181, on the map). Most of Corpus Christi north of Highway 44, and southeast of Weber Road was composed of predominantly middle-income Anglos. The "Dispersion of Parks By Type" map shows the geographic distribution of parks, as of 1971. Compared with the "Predominant Ethnic Background and Income Subsections" map, parks in general were distributed on a fairly uniform basis, relative to concentrations of population. All seven income/ethnic subsections had at least one public park. on the other hand, the low-income Anglo area south of the Naval Air Station had only two parks, a relatively small number compared to other subsections. District parks, the large parks with facilities for at least two major urban activities, generally were absent from highly populated parts of the metro; rather, they tended to be located in the fringe areas. Four of the five.low- income subsections had no district parks. Specialty parks tended to be clustered along the bayshore; essentially, there were none south and southeast of Leopard Street. On the other hand, community and open land parks appeared to be numerous and well dispersed. All income/et@nic subsections had at least one community park, and only the low-incomd Black area had no open land parks in 1971. In addition to maintaining an adequate dispersion of parks in all portions of the metro area, the provision of different types of recreational facilities in parks is also an important consideration. An analysis of the current and future requirements for selected recreational facilities and the current dispersion of facilities in the Corpus Christi Metro is presented in the,following discussions. FACILITY REQUIREMENTS AND DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS As mentioned previously, requirements for selected recreational fac3i -lities (see the following table) were calculated for the.years 1970, 1975, 1980, 1990, and 2000. Then, an analysis of the dispersion of existing facilities among the predominant income/ethnic subsections and the major growth areas of the metro was conducted. Conclusions reached from the facility dispersion analysis were then used to qualify the facility requirement estimates, particularly in those cases where no additional facilities were estimated as being needed within the metropolitan area. Usually, special note is made where growth areas appeared to have limited facilities. The methodology used to calculate facility requirements in general is explained in Appendix C, Part 1--An Overview of the urban volume. In the 443 > C cm) U) m C4 z 0 c > CA) Al .... .... ... . % ---------- . ......... U)"a ri) c 0 ee, 00 > z z 0 1312EIVEMM". Em 0) Ol 0 C* (D 0 z M, 0 000 zo Z. 0 0 z 0 o o @o c 0 0 . 1. 'K 0 0 0 1> 0 0 m o xn z z z M 0.1 > > @z Z, z z cn > 0 w C.) -Z > > > x 0 > x 0 cn x c z >r > 0, > > M >Z, > z > Z z Z C z > > c > > > K --1 0 > Z 0.1 .0 ................... ... .. > 0 0 z z z z .... 75.3 .......................... . , .. .... . .1 cn 10 10 0 > REGION 33 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 discussions that follow, resource requirements for recreation facilities are generally referred to by units of the most important feature necessary to allow participation. For example, when a requirement is shown for swimming pools, features such as a bathhouse, cleaning and filtering system, and other support features are implied when a requirement for the major facility is shown. Swimming A total of 4,234 square yards of swimming pools in 1971 provided 635,000 opportunity days, about one-half of the number required to satisfy the 1970 demand of 1,374,000,participation days. The resulting deficit of 739,000 days suggested a need for a*n additional 4,927 square yards, given a conversion standard of 150 days per year per square yard of swimming pool. Assuming that the 1971 supply level remained constant, the cumulative requirement of 4,927 square yards in 1970 was expected to increase to 7,307 square yards in 1975, to 10,040 square yards in 1980, to 17,466 square yards in 1990, and to 27,753 square yards by the year 2000. Except for the absence of swimming facil- .ities in the low-income Anglo subsection south of the Naval Air Station, the 1971 distribution appeared to be rela- tively even. Child's Play In 1971 a total of sixty-three parks provided a combined total of 126 acres of developed playground. These 126 acres provided almost 3.5 million days of opportunity in 1971, given a facility standard of 27,623 days per year per acre of playground. With a 1970 demand of 838,000 participation days and a relatively slow increase in demand forecasted for subsequent years, it seems that the 1971 supply level should be adequate through the year 2000. All of -the income/ethnic subsections had at least some playground facilities. If any additional facilities are provided, consideration should be given to rapidly growing residential neighborhoods. Baseball/Softball In 1971 there were six baseball/softball fields which, when multiplied by a conversion standard of 13,804 days per year per field, provided 83,000 opportunity days. When measured against estimated participation in 1970, an addi- tional eighteen fields were required to satisfy demand in that year. With no change in the 1971 supply level, the cumulative resource requirement was expected to increase from 18 additional fields in 1970, to 23 additional fields in 1975, to 28 additional fields in 1980, to 39 additional fields in 1990, and to 53 fields above the 1971 level by the year 2000. Although available data did not permit a dispersion analysis of baseball/softball fields, considera- tion should be given to providing a balanced distribution relative to growth areas and the various income/ethnic subsections. 445 REGION 33 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 Picnicking The 585 public picnic tables in 1971 provided 996,000 opportunity days, given a facility standard of 1,702 days per year per picnic table. Demand was estimated to be 535,000 participation days in 1970, resulting in a surplus of 461,000 days. When estimated increases in demand are compared with the 1971 supply level, it becomes evident that the 585 public picnic tables enumerated in 1971 should be adequate through the year 2000; consequently, the resource requirement remains at zero for all planning years through the year 2000. Because the distribution of picnic tables in 1971 appears to be quite good, any additional facilities probably should be considered for growth areas. Football/Soccer The Corpus Christi metropolitan area reported no public football/soccer fields in 1971. In 1970 a requirement for seventeen fileds'was calculated from the 126,000 participation days estimated for 1970, given a conversion standard of 7,224 days per year per football field. The cumulative resource requirement was calculated to increase from 17 fields in 1970, to 19 fields in 1975, to 20 fields in 1980, to 23 fields in 1990, and to 25 fields by the year 2000. Although a dispersion analysis was not possible from available information, consideration should be given to providing a balanced distribution relative to growth areas and the various income ethnic subsections. Golf When the number of public golf holes provided in 1971 (eighteen) is multiplied by the appropriate conversion standard (4,047 days per year per hole), the product is the number of opportunity days (73,000) provided in that year. The 1971 supply level of 73,000 opportunity days was 101,000 less than the estimated number of participation days in 1970. The calculated shortage of 25 holes was projected to increase to 38 holes in 1975, to 52 holes in 1980, to 90 holes in 1990, and to 139 holes by the year 2000, if no additional units have been provided above the 1971 level. Based on the converitional nine holes, eighteen holes per course, the above cumulative requirements translated into approximately 1 eighteen-hole and 1 nine-hole course in 1970, approximately 2 eighteen-hole courses in 1975, approx- imately 3 eighteen-hole courses in 1980, 5 eighteen-hole courses in 1990, and approximately 8.eighteen-hole courses, above the 1971 level by the year 2000. In view of the fact that the metro had only one municipal golf course (located in the middle-income Angle subsection in southeast Corpus Christi), it would appear that many of the income/ethnic subsections lacked easy access to this course. Tennis There were twenty-seven public tennis courts in the Corpus Christi Metropolitan Area in 1971, and these courts provided a combined total of 73,000 opportunity days, which compared to 124,000 participation days. The resulting deficit of 51,000 days generated a requirement for nineteen additional courts in 1970. On the other hand, if the 1971 supply level has remained at 27 courts, the cumulative requirement was projected to increase from 19 courts in 1970, to 37 courts in 1975, to 56 courts in 1980, to 97 courts in 1990, and to 154 courts by the year 2000. Although a 446 REGION 33 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 2 0 0 0 dispersion analysis was not possible from available information, consideration should be given to providing a balanced distribution relative to growth areas and the various income ethnic subsections. Basketball The six basketball courts reported in 1971 provided a combined total of 53,000 opportunity days in that year. Given a 1970 demand of 32,000 participation days, the supply of basketball courts was estimated to be adequate not only for 1970, but for each projection year through 1990. By the year 2000, three additional courts will be required to satisfy a relatively slow rise in the number of participation days. Although a dispersion analysis was not possible from available information, consideration should be given to providing a balanced distribution relative to growth areas and the various income ethnic subsections. Trails Activities In 1971, the Corpus Christi Metropolitan Area reported a one mile trail which provided approximately 8,000 days of opportunity, on the basis of 8,464 days per year per mile of trail. The demand for trails activities in 1970 was estimated to be about 135,000 participation days, or 127,000 days above 1971 opportunities. In order to have satis- fied demand in 1970, fifteen additional miles of trail were required for that year. If no additional miles were added to the 1971 supply level, the cumulative requirement increased to 38 additional miles in 1975, to 67 additional miles in 1980, to 139 additional miles in 100, and to 237 miles above the 1971 level by the year 2000. A relatively small proportion of the total participation in trail and related activities was estimated to take place in publicly-administered park and recreation areas. It is likely, however, that as additional trail facilities are provided, the relative proportion of total participation will increase at these recreation areas. Thus, the above estimates of additional resources required may be conservative in the long run and should be considered as minimum estimates. In addition to the expectations for increases in participation in trail and related activities at publicly-administered park and recreation areas, it is clear that the major proportion of walking, bicycling, and nature study is occurring in places other than established recreation areas. The majority of this participation is most likely taking place in local neighborhoods, on city streets, and on available open lands within the area.- This, phenomenon has direct policy implications with respect to the provision of sidewalks within currently existing and newly developing neighborhoods, the development of a system of bike lanes in high use areas, and the provision of adequate open space and green belt areas-within the metro area. 447 REGION 33 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E. R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing Surface Acres - Freshwater Lakes (Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing) A total of nineteen surface acres of freshwater lakes was located within the Corpus Christi Metro Area in 1971. Because of the limited freshwater available, no freshwater boat.fishing, boating, or water skiing participation was reported in the Texas Outdoor Recreation Household Demand Survey. Using participation patterns of households recreating in the urban areas, it was estimated that boating would have totaled 53,000 days, boat fishing 23,000 days, and skiing 25,000 days for a total of 101,000 days in 1970 if adequate freshwater lakes had been available.- A comparison of estimated participation with the opportunities provided by the surface acres existing in 1971 indicated that incremental resource requirements should increase from an additional 223 acres needed in 1970, to another 185 acres in 1975, 234 acres more in 1980, 573 additional acres in 1990, and another 767 acres in the year 2000, bringing the cumulative resource requirement total to 1,982 surface acres by the year 2000. Freshwater Boat Ramps l/ Two publicly-administered freshwater boat lanes were reported for the Corpus Christi Metro Area in 1971. By estimat- ing the 1970 total freshwater boat fishing, skiing, and boating participation which would have occurred using fresh- water boat ramp facilities to gain access to the water if sufficient ramps were available, it was calculated that two additional boat ramps were needed in 1970. Projected increases in freshwater boat fishing, skiing, and boating participation are expected to require two additional freshwater boat ramps in 1975, two in 1980, six in 1990, and nine in the year 2000, bringing the cumulative resource requirement to twenty-one ramps in,2000. Since boat ramps are the most frequently used means by which boaters, skiers, and boat fishermen gain access to freshwater lakes, ,the provision of freshwater sur:race acres and freshwater boat ramps required should be planned as joint projects, even though, in some cases, this may require the construction of boat ramps prior to the years reflected in the boat ramp resource requirement projections. Saltwater Boat Rampsi/ Corpus Christi, the only metro area in Region 33 in 1970, does have access to coastal waters. However, no publicly- administered"saltwater boat lanes providing access to and from the saltwater resources were reported within the metro in 1971. By estimating the 1970 total saltwater boat fishing, skiing, and boating participation which would 1/ In calculating freshwater and saltwater boat ramp resource.requirements the assumption was made that each boat ramp has two lanes. Supply figures listed in the "Park and Recreation Facilities by Type of Park" table and quoted in the narratives are in terms of single lanes. 448 REGION 33 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 have occurred using saltwater boat ramp facilities to gain access to the saltwater areas if ramps had been available, it was calculated that nineteen ramps were needed in 1970. Expected increases in saltwater boat fishing, skiing, and boating participation are projected to require incremental saltwater boat ramp additions of two in 1975, two in 1980, fourin 1990, and five in the year 2000, bringing the cumulative requirement to an additional thirty-two ramps by the year 2000. Summary of Facilities Requirements In 1971 the only types of designated facilities which were not available within the Corpus Christi Metro Area were public football/soccer fields and public saltwater boat ramps. Resource requirements were shown for each planning horizon year for both types of facilities. To augment existing resources, resource requirements were shown for each planning horizon year for public swimming pools, baseball/softball fields, holes of golf, tennis courts, miles of trail, acres of recreational freshwater, and freshwater boat ramps. The number of basketball courts was estimated to be adequate until the year 2000, when a small deficit is predicted. The 1971 supply of public picnic tables and playgrounds was estimated to be sufficient through the year 2000. An important criterion in locating additional facilities is a geographic distribution which considers the various income/ethnic subsections, and growth areas-. In 1971 the dispersion of designated facilities for most activities in the Corpus Christi Metro seemed good, but the estimated requirements for most facilities suggest that additional units should be added. There was an absence of public swimming pools in the low-income Anglo subsection south of the Naval Air Station, and the only municipal golf course was in the middle-income Anglo subsec,tion in southeast Corpus Christi. Any additional courses probably should be considered for central and western portions of the metro. 449 REGION 33 RFCREATION RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS TOTAL 1971 OPPORTUNITY NET OPPORT UNITY DAYS PARTICIPATION DAYS AVAILABLE (OOO'S OF UNITS OF RECREATION (OOO'S OF (000's OF ACTIVITY DAYS) RESOURCES REQUIRED YEAR ACTIVITY ACTIVITY DAYS) ACTIVITY DAYS) DEFICIT, SURPLUS CUMULATTVE INCRMENTAL Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 1,374 635 739 4,927 square yardJ/ 4,927 square yards 2/ Chi,ld's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 838 3,480 2,642 0acres 0acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 336 83 253 18 fields 18 fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535 996 461 0tables 0tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 0 126 17 fields 17 fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 73 101 25 holes 25 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 73 51 19 courts, dbl. 19 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 53 21 0courts, full 0courts, full 1970 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 101 8 93 223 surface acres 223 surface acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 77 27 50 2ramps2/ 2ramps3/ Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing SW . . . 413 0 413 19 ramps!/ 10 rampsV Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 5miles 5miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 4/ 3miles 3miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 @@/ 7miles 7miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, 4/ 8 127 15 miles 15 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 135 - ACTIVITY Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 1,731 l/ 635 1,096 7,307 square yardJ/ 2,380 square yards 2/ Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 1,088 3,480 2,392 0acres 0acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 400 83 31-7 23 fields 5fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575 996 421 0tables 0tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 0 135 19 fields 2fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 73 152 38 holes 13 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 73 99 37 courts, dbl. 18 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 53 16 0courts, full 0courts, full 1975 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat: Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 178 8 170 408 surface acres 185 surface acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 131 27 104 4ramps3/ 2ramps3/ Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing SW . . . 461 0 461 21 rampli/ 2ramp,2/ Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 13 miles 8miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 4/ 9miles 6miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 A/ 16 miles 9miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, 4/ Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 328 - 8 320 38 miles 23 miles 450 REGION 33 RECREATION RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS TOTAL 1971 OPPORTUNITY NET OPPORTUNITY DAYS PARTICIPATION DAYS AVAILABLE (OOO'S OF UNITS OF RECREATION (OOO'S OF (000's OF ACTIVITY DAYS). RESOURCES REQUIRED YEAR ACTIVITY ACTIVITY DAYS) ACTIVITY DE25 DEFICIT SURPLUS CUMULATIVE INCREMENTAL Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 2,141 635 1,506 10,040 square yardszl 2,733 square yardsZ1 Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 1,382 3,480 2,098 0 acres 0acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 466 83 383 28 fields 5fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 614 996 382 0 tables 0tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 0 143 20 fields 1field Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282 73 209 52 holes 14 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 73 152 56 courts, dbl. 19 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 53 12 0 courts, full 0courts, full 1980 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 276 8 268 642 surface acres 234 surface acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 199 27 172 6 ramps3/ 2rampsi/ Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing SW . . . 509 0 509 23 rampsl/ 2ramps3/ Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 4/ 23 miles 10 miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 A/ 17 miles 8miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 4/ 27 miles 11 miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, 4/ Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 573 8 565 67 miles 29 miles ACTIVITY Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 3,255 635 2,620 17,466 square yards@/ 7,426 square yards Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 2,132 3,480 1,348 0 acres 0acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 627 83 544 39 fields 11 fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 695 996 301 0 tables 0tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 0 163 23 fields 3fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436 73 363 90 holes 38 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333 73 260 97 courts, dbl. 41 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 53 3 0 courts 0courts 1990 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 515 8 507 1,215 surface acres 573 surface acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 364 27 337 12 ramp.l/ 6ramps3/ Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing SW . . . 602 0 602 27 ramps!/ 4ramps!/ Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406 4/ 48 miles 25 miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312 4/ 41 36 miles 19 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468 55 miles 28 miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, 4/ Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 1,186 8 1,178 139 miles 72 miles 451 REGION 33 RECREATION RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS TOTAL 1971 OPPORTUNITY NET OPPORTUNITY DAYS PARTICIPATION DAYS AVAILABLE (000ts OF UNITS OF RECREATION (OOO'S OF (OOO'S OF ACTIVITY DAYS) RESOURCES REQUIRED YEAR ACTIVITY ACTIVITY DAYS) ACTIVITY DAYS) DEFICIT SURPLUS CUMULATIVE INCREMENTAL Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 4,798 635 4,163 27,753 square yardsv 10,287 square yardsl' Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 3,123 3,480 357 0 acres 0acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . 811 83 728 53 fields 14 fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . 781 996 215 0 tables 0tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 0 184 25 fields 2fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 637 73 564 139 holes 49 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488 73 415 154 courts, dbl. 57 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 53 7 3 courts, full 3courts, full 2000 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 835 8 827 1,982 surface acres 767 surface acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW 585 27 558 21 ramps3/ 9ramps.2/ Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing SW 714 0 714 32 ramps!/ 5ramps!/ Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 688 81 miles 33 miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537 4/ 63 miles 27 miles Nature Study . . . . ... . . . . . . . 786 4/ 93 miles 38 miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, 2,011 4/ Nature Study . . . . . . . . . - 8 2,003 237 miles 98 miles I/ Includes only swimming participation occurring in swimming pools, 70.48 percent of the total in urban areas on the Gulf Coast. Designated freshwater and saltwater swimming areas may be substituted for swimming pools. When making substitutions consider total swimming participation. 3/ Assumes 2.0 lanes per ramp. 4/ Reflects estimated participation occurring in park and recreation areas; does not include participation occurring outside park and recreation areas. Of the total walking, bicycling, and nature study participation it was determined that 10.5, 4.0, and 20.1 percent, respectively for each activity, occurs in park and recreation areas. 452 z ui 2 Fu w (r LU -j 'o %soft (n Z Al z W C13 o z 0' Co DOW ui A' ul REGION 34 REGIONAL DESCRIPTION: BROWNSVILLE -HARLINGEN -SAN BENITO METROPOLITAN AREA Region 34 contains two metropolitan areas. One consists of the POPULATION cities and towns of Brownsville, Harlingen, Rio Hondo, and San 1970 Metro Area Population: 102,368 Benito. Change 1960-70: -4% Race Cornposition-Y Brownsville, the county seat of Cameron County, is the southern- White 98%z/ most city in Texas. The.city is an international seaport and has Negro ..... 1% over twenty industries located in it. Annual events in Brownsville Other ..... 1% include Charro Days (February) and the Cotton Carnival (September). Age Composition (years):I/ Brownsville is the home of Texas Southmost College. 13 or less ..... 33% 14 - 20. ..... 15% Harlingen is a transportation and distribution center for the Rio 21 - 44 ..... 26% Grande Valley. There is always a harvest in progress in the 45 - 64 ..... 17% Harlingen area with citrus, cotton, and vegetables produced 65 and over ..... 9% in large amounts. A major event in Harlingen is the Life Begins at 40 Golf Tournament (February). Harlingen is the home of the ECONOMY Marine Military Academy and the Rio Grande Campus Branch of the Agribusiness Texas State Technical Institute. Fishing Shipping Rio Hondo, between Harlingen and the Laguna Atascosa National Tourism Wil,dlife Refuge, is a town whose economy depends chiefly on the citrus industry and tourism. San Benito was settled as early as 1770 by ranchers. The city is noted for its beautiful lakes or "resacas," which are formed by the shifting course of the Rio Grande. San Benito is chiefly a tourist-agribusiness center. I/ Rio Hondo not included due to lack of data. Rio Hondo's population is 1,167. 2/ Includes persons of Mexican and/or Spanish descent. 454 REGION 34 BROWNSVILLE CITY SIZE: METRO P U B L I C L Y A D M I N I S T E R E D R E C R E A T 1 0 N 0 P P 0 R T U N I T I E S LAND AND WATER ACREAGE ACRES REGION 34 STATEWIDE BROWNSVILLE AVERAGE METRO METRO AREAS 67% Developed Land 481 1,307 REGION 34 Unde veloped Land 237 536 BROWNSVILLE METRO Total Land 718 1,843 33% Water Within or Adjacent 179 1,006 Total Land and Water 897 2,849 M] DEVELOPED LAND UNDEVELOPED LAND The Brownsville Metro Area has a total of 718 acres of land set aside as park and recreation areas. In addition, 179 surface acres of water either within or adjacent to these parks were reported. 71% Of the total land acreage, 481 acres are developed STATEWIDE with facilities, leaving 237 acres available for future AVERAGE development. With 67 percent of the land acreage, METRO AREAS developed, the Area is just below the Statewide Metro average of 71 percent. 29% 6 7 T% 7 nl/ 455 0 :E: V > t, 0 0 0 En 0 po 0-0 Z 0 1.4 P) :3 41 0 H 0 H V P-h m n m go tl rt pt 0 0 0 m H m m 0 H 0 H 10 M (D P;l rt (D 0 rt on co _lr W. CL M P. ::r m 0 ,a M '0 0 (D - :3 fa M m n m @d pi z 23 pi a) N V (D C) :3 H P* En rt 41 m m 0 i@ PV 0) 0 m m P-h LA) co (n rt rt m vi t"d 41 1.4 M (D 0 @d '0 @o lb 10 rr H- 0) 0 0 0 pi rt (D @7, 03 H c 0 (D GQ ON P;' m H 0 C) In H rt U) co M (a co "0 ct 0 14 0) aq V 1-t 0 H. 0 rL H. (D (D CD rt ;:Td 1 0 e, " co 0 0 H. 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U) 0 a_ IL LU z U) 0 CL < 'D 13 0 0 Cc U) REGION 34 BROWNSVILLE CITY SIZE: METRO PARK AND RECREATION FACILITIES BY TYPE OF PARK UNITS PER THOUSAND DISTRICT COMMUNITY SPECIALTY PEOPLE REGION 34 STATEWIDE TYPE OF FACILITY PARK PARK PARK TOTAL PER BROWNSVILLE AVERAGE (UNITS) (UNITS) (UNITS) UNITS UNIT METRO METRO AREAS Games and Sports: Parks .............................. 3 9 2 14 7,312 .137 .150 Tennis Courts ...................... 8 1 0 9 11,374 .088 .142 Basketball Courts .................. 2 2 0 4 25,592 .039 .071 Baseball/Softball Fields ........... 9 0 2 11 9,306 .107 .186 Football/Soccer Fields ............. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .032 Picnicking: Parks .............................. 4 15 1 20 59118 .196 .124 Tables ............................. 149 55 8 212 482 2.079 1.230 Playground: Parks .............................. 4 16 1 21 4,874 .205 .170 Acres Developed .................... 5 17 1 23 4,450 .225 .258 Swimming: Parks .............................. 3 1 0 4 25,592 .039 .050 Pools (Sq. Yd.) .................... 1,913 2,800 0 4,713 22 46.205 25.950 Designated Fresh Water (Sq. Yd.)o.. 0 0 0 0 --- --- 52.242 Boating: Parks .............................. 0 2 1 3 34,122 .029 .006 Ramp Lanes - Fresh Water..... ...... 0 2 1 3 34,122 .029 .008 Camping: Parks ........................... 0 1 2 51,184 .019 o002 Campsites... .......... ............ o 600 0 0 600 170 5.882 .121 Fishing: Parks .........o................ 2 1 1 4 25,592 .039 .013 Pier/Barge/Marina-Fresh Water (@d**)* 0 0 0 0 --- --- .049 Golfing: Courses .................. o ......... 0 0 2 2 51,184 .019 .005 Holes ............. o- .............. 0 0 36 36 2,843 .352 .100 Trails: Parks .............................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .006 Nature (Mi.) ....... o ............... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .009 Horseback (Mi.).... ................ 0 0 0 0 --- --- .003 Bicy@le (Mi.) ....... o .............. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .007 Hiking (Mi.) ....................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .006 Total Trails (Mi.) ................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .021 458 REGION 3 4 BROWNSVILLE PARK AND RECREATION FACILITIES BY TYPE OF PARK CITY SIZE: METRO UNITS PER THOUSAND DISTRICT COMMUNITY SPECIALTY PEOPLE REGION 34 STATEWIDE TYPE OF FACILITY PARK PARK PARK TOTAL PER BROWNSVILLE AVERAGE (UNITS) (UNITS) (UNITS) UNITS UNIT METRO METRO AREAS Sport Shooting: Parks ............................. 0 0 1 1 102,368 .009 .002 Traps ............................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .002 Shooting Targets ................... 0 0 24 24 4,265 .235 .004 Archery Targets ................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .011 Miscellaneous: Parks ............................. 1 1 0 2 51,184 .019 .038 Amphitheatre Seats ................ 0 0 0 0 --- --- 1.077 Botanical Gardens (Acres) ......... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .077 Zoos (Acres) ....................... 27 0 0 27 3,791 .264 .051 Community/Recreation Centers ...... 0 1 0 1 102,368 .009 .038 The park and recreation facilities in the Brownsville Metro Area are about evenly distributed among all three of the park categories. The only golf and sport shooting facilities are in the Specialty Park category. One of the District Parks contains a zoo, while -the only community/recreation center is in a Community Park. Four parks have fishing waters available although no specific fishing facilities were reported. A total of only four parks with swimming pools were reported in the Brownsville Metro Area. Of the 41 parks, 21 have playgrounds, 20 have picnicking facilities, 14 have games and sports facilities and 4 have swimming facilities. The most common types of games and sports facilities are baseball/softball with 11 fields, followed by.tennis with 9 courts and basketball with 4 courts. Looking at selected facilities in relation to the number of potential users we find the following: 102,368 persons for each community/recreation center 2,843 persons for each golf hole 25,592 persons for each basketball court 482 persons for each picnic table 11,374 persons for each tennis court 170 persons for each-campsite 9,306 persons for each baseball/softball field 22 persons for each square yard of swimming pool 4,450 persons for each acre of playground The Brownsville Metro Area is above the Statewide Metro average for facility units per 1,000 for picnic tables, square yards of swimming pools, boat ramp lanes, campsites, golf holes, shooting targets and zoo acreage. The Area is below the average for tennis courts, basketball courts, baseball/softball fields, playground acres and community/recreation centers. No football/soccer fields, designated fresh water swimming area, yards of fishing pier/barge/marina, trail miles, shooting traps, archery targets, amphitheatre seats or acres of botanical gardens were reported. 459 REGION 34 BROWNSVILLE CONVERSION OF FACILITIES TO RECREATION OPPORTUNITY DAYS CITY SIZE: METRO Current opportunity days for 1971 were calculated by multiplying the number of facilities available for each activity in the metro area (determined from the Texas Outdoor Recreation Inventory of Parks, Recreation Areas, and Facilities) times the standard for the facility. DAYS PER THOUSAND POPULATION ANNUAL REGION STATEWIDE DAYS 34 AVERAGE ACTTVITY-FACILITY AVAILABLE BROWNSVILLE METRO METRO Swimming (Pools) - square yards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 706,950 6,931 3,891 Child's Play - playground acres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635,329 6,229 7,137 Baseball/Softball - fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151,844 1,489 21577 Picnicking - tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360,824 3,537 2,093 Football/Socce'r - fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 235 Golf - holes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145,692 1,428 414 Tennis courts, double . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,246 238 384 Basketball courts, full . . . . . . . . . . . . . I . . . . 35,180 345 625 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW - surface acres . . . . . . 257,385 2,523 2,962 Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW - boat ramps . . . . . . . . 40,458 397 103 Trail Activities: Combined Walking, Bicycling, and Nature Study - miles . . . . 0 0 164 The Brownsville Metro Area offers the most opportunity days for swimming (in pools), followed by child's play and picnicking. A comparison between the opportunity days per thousand population for the Brownsville Metro Area and the Statewide Metro average shows that the Brownsville Metro Area surpasses the statewide average for four types of facilities -- swimming pools, picnic tables, golf courses (holes), and freshwater boat ramps. The Brownsville Metro Area is below the Statewide Metro average for child's play, baseball/softball, tennis, basketball and surface acres for freshwater boating, boat fishing and skiing, with no opportunity days available for football/soccer and the trails activities. 460 REGION 34 BROWNSVILLE ESTIMATED CURRENT AND FUTURE PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METRO The ninth ranking metro area, based on population, Brownsville ranked twelfth in total participation f6r the year 1970. Estimates for 1970 indicate that residents and non-residents in the area spent over 4 million recreation days in pursuit of urban outdoor recreation opportunities available within the metro area. Resident Total days of participation in urban outdoor recreation activities by the residents of the Brownsville Metropolitan Area for the 16 activities shown were estimated*to be 3.6 million days in 1970. Total participation is expected to increase to 4.4 million days in 1975 and to 5.1 million days in 1980. These projections represent increases of 19.7 percent by 1975 and 40.4 percent by 1980. Participation on a days per household basis is projected to increase from 132.0 days in 1970 to 157.0'days in 1975, and to 183.4 days in 1980--increases of 18.9 and 38.9 percent, respectively, over the 1970 level. Residents of the Brownsville metro area are expected to participate at a rate 8 days above the Statewide average days per household in 1970, however, the Brownsville average will be below the Statewide average by 5 days and 19 days in 1975 and 1980, respectively. For the more distant years of 1990 and 2000, both total days of participation and days per household are expected to increase, but will remain below the statewide average for all metropolitan areas. Projections for specific activities indicate that 11 activities will increase in total days of participation through the year 2000, while football, picnicking, tennis, basketball, and fishing will decrease slightly. Participation on a days per household basis is expected to increase in 14 activities by 2000, and football and basketball will decline -slightly. In 1970 the six most popular activitiesbased on total participation, were estimated to be: driving for pleasure, swimming, picnicking, bicycling, walking, and child's play, respectively. By the year 1975 it is antici- pated that the following ranking will occur: driving for pleasure, swimming, bicycling, walking, picnicking, and child's play., In 1980 driving for pleasure is expected to remain the first "ranked activity, swimming will remain number two, and walking will be third. Bicycling, picnicking, and child's play are ekpected to remain the fourth, fifth, and sixth ranked activities, Non-Resident Participation in urban outdoor recreation activities within the Brownsville Metropolitan Area by non-residents was estimated to total 315,000 days for the activities specified by 1970. Compared to.the 1970 level, total participa- tion is expected to decrease 4.8 percent (to 300,000 days) by 1975, and 8.9 percent.(to 287,000 days) by 1980. Similar decreases are anticipated through the years 1990 and 2000. Of the specified activities selected, the most popular activities by non-residents for 1970 were: sightseeing, with, 77,000 days; fishing,with 77,000 days; swimming, with 46,000 days; driving for pleasure, with 32,000 days; and picnick- ing, with 23,000 days. All activities are expected to decrease at a moderate rate through the year 2000 while retain- ing their 1970 rankings in terms of popularity. 461 REGION 34 BROWNSVILLE CURRENT AND PROJECTED RESIDENT PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: YMROS (OOO'S OF ANNUAL ACTIVITY DAYS) 1970 1975 1980 1990 2000 STATE- STATE- STATE- STATE- STATE- REG.34 WIDE REG.34 WIDE REG.34 WTDE REG.34 WIDE REG.34 WIDE METROS METROS METROS METROS METROS METROS METROS METROS METROS METROS PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART, AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE ACTIVITY DAYS RANK DAYS/HH DAYS/HH DAYS RANK DAYS/HH DAYS/HH DAYS RANK DAYS/HH DAYS/HH DAYS RANK DAYS/HH DAYS/HH DAYS RANK DAYS/HH DAYS/HH Swimming 582 221.10 27.41 690 2 24.84 36.52 810 2 29.05 47.17 910 4 39.50 75.28 1,060 3 51.17 110.14 Child's Play 308 611.17 14.08 369 6 13.28 17.72 435 6 15.60 22.00 491 5 21.31 32.20 579 5 27.95 43.99 Baseball/Softball 157 7 5.69 2.78 181 7 6.52 3.19 204 7 7.32 3.59 216 7 9.38 4.41 242 7 11.68 5.22 Picnicking 420 315.23 .5.72 435 5 15.66 5.66 447 5 16.03 5.66 409 6 17.75 5.61 407 6 19.65 5.64 Football/Soccer .88 8 3.19 1.43 86 8 3.10 1.42 84 9 3.01 1.41 70 10 3.04 1.39 62 11 2.99 1.38 Golf 31 11 1.12 3.92 38 12 1.37 4.98 45 12 1.61 6.16 53 11 2.30 8.96 63 10 3.04 12.07 Tennis 26 12 .94 6.06 29 13 1.04 9.21 31 13 1.11 11.49 27 14 1.17 16.07 25 14 1.21 21.46 Basketball 9 15 .33 1.60 9 15 .32 2.59 9 15 .32 3.57 7 15 .30 5.52 6 15 .29 7.53 Walking 322 511.67 18.21 547 4 19.69 23.09 772 3 27.69 29.20 1,007 2 43.71 39.89 1,237 1 59.71 50.31 Bicycling 390 414.14 20.30 570 3 20.52 32.77 750 4 26.90 45.25 914 3 39.69 68.44 1,086 2 52.42 95.49 Nature Study 1 16 .04 .72 1 16 .04 1.67 1 16 .04 2.64 2 16 .09 4.63 2 16 .10 6.70 Fishing 50 10 1.81 1.80 52 10 1.87 1.88 55 11 1.97 1.97 49 12 2.13 2.13 48 12 2.32 2.30 Boating 24 13 .87 .88 44 11 1.58 1.60 64 10 2.30 2.31 86 9 3.73 3.74 107 9 5.17 5.17 Skiing 12 14 .44 .42 17 14 .61 .62 23 14 .83 .82 28 13 1.22 1.22 34 13 1.64 1.81 Surfing --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- Sightseeing 58 9 2.10 2.25 73 9 2.63 2.34 92 8 3.30 2.50 121 8 5.25 2.70 174 8 8.40 3.01 Dr. for Pleas. 1,164 142*20 13.38 1,220 1 43.91 13.52 1,290 1 46.27 13.67 1,184 1 51*40 13.86 1,191 1 57*49 14.10 TOTAL 3,642 132.04 120.96 4,361 156.98 158.78 5,112 183.35 199.41 5,574 241.96 '286.05 6,323 305.23 386.32 CURRENT AND PROJECTED NON-RESIDE@r PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 TOTAL CURRENT AND PROJECTED PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 (OOOIS OF ANNUAL ACTIVITY DAYS) (OOO'S OF ANNUAL ACTIVITY DAYS) ACTIVITY 1970 1975 1980 1990 2000 ACTIVITY 1970 1975 1980 1990 2000 Swimming 46 44 42 28 22 Swimming 628 734 852 938 1,082 Child's Play Child's Play 308 369 435 491 579 Baseball/Softball 3 3 3 2 2 Baseball/Softball 160 184 207 218 244 Picnicking 23 22 21 14 11 Picnicking 443 457 468 423 418 Football/Soccer 2 2 2 1 1 Football/Soccer 90 88 86 71 63 Golf Golf 31 38 45 53 63 Tennis Tennis 26 29 31 27 25 Basketball Basketball 9 9 9 7 6 Walking 3 3 3 2 2 Walking 325 550 775 1,009 1,239 Bicycling Bicycling 390 570 750 914 1,086 Nature Study Nature Study 1 1 1 2 2 Fishing 77 73 70 47 38 Fishing 127 125 125 96 86 Boating 52 49 47 32 25 Boating 76 93 ill 118 132 Skiing Skiing 12 17 23 28 34 Surfing --- --- --- --- --- Surfing --- --- --- --- Sightseeing 77 73 70 48 38 Sightseeing 135 146 162 169 212 Dr. for Pleas. -32 31 29 20 16 Dr. for Pleas. 1,196 1,251 1,319 1,204 1,207 TOTAL 315 300 287 194 155 TOTAL 3,957 4,661 5,399 5,768 '6,478 Note: Asterisks indicate that projected annual activity days were less than 500. Dashes indicate not applicable. Zeros indicate that the activitywas not ranked due to insignificant participation days recorded. 462 REGION 34 BROWNSVILLE R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 Estimates of urban outdoor recreation resource requirements were developV for the Brownsville-Har ling en Metropolitan Area for the years 1970, 1975, 1980, 2P90, and 2000 by comparing current- and projected recreation participation with the current recreation opportunities- available within the metro. In addition, the availability and spatial distribu- tion of recreation opportunities provided by parks and recreation facilities were analyzed with respect to various subsections of the Brownsville-Harlingen Metro Area. Conclusions reached from analyzing the distribution of recreation opportunities within the metropolitan area were used to qualify resource requirement estimates where a less than adequate distribution appeared to exist. In the discussions that follow, results of the distribution analysis of parks within subsections of the metro are presented. Then, estimates of current and f uture requirements f or selected- recreation f acilities -are presented, and are qualif ied by conclusions reached f rom the' distribution analysis of recreation f acili- ties within subsections of the Brownsville-Harlingen Metro. PARK DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS In analyzing the availability and distribution of parks within the Brownsville-Har ling en Metro Area, several charac- teristics were considered: changes in population (or trends in general, 1960 to 1970), areas of the metro which were expected to exhibit expansion (available only for San Benito), and the dispersion of existing parks among income/ethnic subsections (available only for San Benito). From these interrelated characteristics, general conclusions were reached with respect to future park developments for portions of the metro area. Population trends affected estimations of future recreation participation. Projections for the Brownsville-Harlin.gen Metro indicate that the 1970 metro population of 102,368 should remain about the same to 1980, after which a slight decline is predicted. Information available in 1971 indicates that the direction of major urban expansion for San Benito will be toward the north, as illustrated by the arrow on the map, titled "Predominant Ethnic Background and Income Subsections". Comparable information for Brownsville, Harlingen, and Rio Hondo was not available. In 1971, a breakdown by income/ethnic subsection was available only for San Benito, which reported a total of seven subsections. Low-income Mexican-Ameri cans were concentrated in the western third of San Benito, and in a small area on the east side. A small area of low-income Anglos was situated on the east side, also. The central and southeastern portion of San Benito was populated predominantly by middle-income Anglos and Mexican-Americans, while a small subsection of high-income Anglos was situated on the northern extremity of San Benito. These subsections are presented graphically on the map, titled "Predominant Ethnic Background and Income Subsections". I/ "Current" participation refers to levels of participation by type of selected recreation activity which were estimated for the year 1970. 2/ "Current" recreation opportunities refers to computed figures derived from the numbers of pub licly-adminis tered facilities by type available with the metro area in 1971. 463 46 z Z (p -0 rn 0 < (D D 0 < > 0 (D 0 CD '0 -0 -3- (D 0 CL 0 z 0 3 (D 0 0 91) 0 OEM Eli I ElIg 11 igumm 0 1:; > oz,m 20 z z 0 AE i o z z -Z -Z Z- > > > 1> > > z I93>0 z z z r I, P 0 > z ol Z. r z > z z 9 o > 0 z C) m 0 z m 0 M 0 I 0 z 0 0 0 r r z 0 m a 0 m m Z 09 0- z Z > 0 m UD --4 :5 A z 0 9) -j c 0 c) c m z E) ca -i 10 > M Z fj) = > m M I w 0 z m =! ?5 > 0 Co Z > M C.) 0 c m z z REGION 34 BROWNSVILLE R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 The "Dispersion of'Parks By Type" map shows the geographic distribution of parks in the metro as of 1971. Parks in general did not appear to be adequately distributed. In spite of the fact that about fifty percent of the metro's population resided in Brownsville, only about twenty percent of the -parks were located in Brownsville; a large majority of parks were concentrated in Harlingen and San Benito.' Relative to the income/ethnic subsections in San Benito, a large population of the parks@was situated in the middle- income areas of central and southeastern San Benito.. The low-income Mexican American subsection in the western third had only one park, while the low-income Mexican-American and Anglo subsections in eastern San Benito, as well as the high-income Anglo area, had no parks of any kind. District parks were located primarily in Harlingen; Brownsville had one, while San Benito and Rio Hondo had no district parks. Community parks appeared to be reasonably well distributed, but there were very few specialty parks anywhere in the metro. Open land parks were highly concentrated in Harlingen and San Benito, while Brownsville reported no open land parks at all. In the allocation of additional parks, regardless of type, consideration probably should be given to most areas of Brownsville, as well as the low-income subsections and.growth area of San Benito. In addition to maintaining an adequate dispersion of parks in all portions of the metro area, the provision of different types of recreational facilities in parks is also an important consideration. An analysis of the current and future requirements for selected recreational facilities and the current dispersion of facilities in the Brownsville-Harlingen Metro Area is presented in the following discussions. FACILITY REQUIREMENTS AND DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS As mentioned previously, requirements for selected recreational facilities (see the following table) were calculated for the years 1970, 1975, 1980, 1990, and 2000. Then, an analysis ;f the dispersion of existing facilities among the predominant income/ethnic background subsections and the major growth areas of the metro was conducted whenever this information was available. Conclusions reached from the facility dispersion analysis were then used to qualify the facility requirement estimates, particularly in those cases where no additional facilities were estimated as being needed within the metropolitan area. Usually, special note is made where growth areas appeared to have limited facilities. The methodology used to calculate facility requirements in general is explained in Appendix C, Part I--An Overview of the Urban Volume. In the discussions that follow, resource requirements for recreational facilities are generally referred to by units of the most important feature necessary to allow participation. For example, when a requirement is shown for swimming pools, features such as a bathhouse, cleaning and filtering system, and other support features are implied when a requirement for the major facility is shown. 465 REGION 34 BROWNSVILLE R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 Swimming In 1971, the Brownsville-Harlingen Metropolitan Area reported 4,713 square yards of swimming area which, when multiplied by the facility standard of 150 days per year per square yard, provided about 707,000 opportunity days. With an estimated 443,000 participation days in 1970, no additional resources were required for that year. In fact, the 1971 opportunities level should be adequate, for the metro as a whole, until the year 2000 when a small amount of additional square yards will be required. Even though the metro as a whole apparently had an adequate supply of swimming pools, Brownsville had only one; there were no public outdoor swimming pools in the northern and northwestern area of Brownsville. Child's Play Wigh a conversion standard of 27,623 days per year per acre of playground, the twenty-three acres enumerated in 1971 provided 635,000 opportunity days, which was 327,000 days more than the estimated demand for 1970. Accordingly, no additional facilities were required for that year, and projections of demand through the year 2000 suggest that the 1971 supply of playgrounds should be adequate through the year 2000 for the metro as a whole. A distribution analysis, however, shows that Brownsville had relatively fewer playgrounds compared to other parts of,the metro. Baseball/Softball The eleven baseball/softball fields enumerated in 1971 provided a combined total of 152,000 opportunity days in 1971, given a standard of 13,804 days per year per field. Demand was calculated to be approximately 160,000 participation days in 1970 resulting in a slight deficit for that year. Assuming that supply remained at the 1971 level, the deficit was projected to increase from 8,000 days in 1970 to 32,000 days in 1975, and to 55,000 days by 1980. Given these deficits, cumulative resource requirements were projected to increase from one additional field over the 1971 level, to two additional fields in 1975, to four additional fields by 1980; to five additional fields in 1990, and to a cumulative total of seven fields by the year 2000. Information available in 1971 does not allow a distribution analysis. However, consideration should be given to providing a balanced distribution relative to growth areas and the various income/ ethnic subsections. Picnicking In 1971, the Brownsville-Harlingen Metro Area reported 212 public picnic tables. With a conversi *on standard of 1,702 days per year per picnic table, these 212 units provided 361,000 opportunity days resulting in a deficit of 82,000 opportunity days. In order to have satisfied demand in 1970, an additional forty-eight tables were required. On the other hand, assuming that the 1971 supply level remained unchanged, the cumulative requirement of 48 tables in 1970 was expected to increase to 56 tables in 1975 and to 63 tables in 1980. When the 1980 resource requirement is fulfilled, no further development is considered necessary. A distribution analysis of public picnic facilities shows that in 1971 there were relatively fewer picnic tables in Brownsville, particularly in the north part, than in other municipalities in the metro. Also, there was an apparent lack of facilities in some of the low-inccme Mexican-American subsection in 466 REGION 34 BROWNSVILLE R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 2 0 0 0 San Benito. Football/Soccer The metro area reported no public footbalf fields in 1971. In order to have satisfied demand in 1970, twelve fields would have been required, given a facility standard of 7,244 days per year per field. With a decline in demand predicted for the remaining time periods, no additional fields are expected to be required once the twelve fields have been provided.- It is suggested that the fields should be located so as to maximize access. Golf The two municipal golf courses in 1971 provided approximately 146,000 opportunity days, given a facility standard of 4,047 days per year per golf hole. Since demand was not expected to reach that, level for any of the target dates,.the 1971 supply level of thirty-six holes should be adequate for the metro as a whole through the year 2000. However, in 1971 there was no public golf course in San Benito. Also, the north part of Brownsville, the northern and northeastern portions of Harlingen, as well as Rio Hondo appeared to be relatively distant from public courses. Tennis In 1971 the metro area reported nine public tennis courts which, when multiplied by the facility standard of 2,694 days per year per tennis court, provided about 24,000 opportunity days. This was slightly below the estimated demand of 26,000 participation days. In order to satisfy demand, one additional court was needed in 1970. A total of two additional courts above the 1971 supply level was required to satisfy demand in 1975, with the cumulative resource requirement of three projected for 1980. When the 1980 resource requirement is fulfilled, no further development is considered necessary. Information available in 1971 did not permit a dispersion analysis. However, consideration should be given te prcviding a balanced dispersion relative to growth areas and the various income/ethnic subsections. Basketball The four basketball courts enumerated in 1971 provided about 35,000 days of opportunity, given a standard of 8,795 days per year per court. This supply'level was expected to satisfy demand through the year 2000; hence, no additional courts were forecasted. Although a dispersion analysis was not possible from available information, consideration should be given to providing a balanced distribution relative to growth areas and the various income/ethnic subsections. Trails Activities The Brownsville-Harlingen Metropolitan Area reported no designated trails in 1971. An estimated demand of 50,000 467 REGION 34 BROWNSVILLE R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 participation days in 1970 suggested the need for six miles of trail, given a conversion standard of 8,464 days per year per mile of trail. Assuming that no trails have been established to date, the cumulative requirements are pro- jected to increase to 10 miles of trail in 1975, 13 miles by 1980, 17 miles by 1990, and 20 miles of trail by the year 2000. A relatively small proportion of the total participation in trail and related activities was estimated to take place in public ly- administered park and recreation areas. It is likely, however, that as trail facilities are provided, the relative proportion of total participation will increase at these recreation areas. Thus, the above estimates of resources required may be conservative in the long run and should be considered as minimum estimates. In addition to the expectations for increases in participation in trail and related activities at publicly-administered park and recreation areas, it is clear that the major proportion of walking, bicycling, and nature study is occurring in places other than established recreation areas. The majority of this participation is most likely taking place in local neighborhoods, on city streets, and on available open lands within the area. This phenomenon has direct policy implications with respect to the provision of sidewalks within currenCly existing and newly developing neighborhoods, the development of a system of bike lanes in high use areas, and the provision of adequate open space and greenbelt areas within the metro area. Water-Related Activities: Boating., Boat Fishing, Skiing Surface Acres - Freshwater Lakes (Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing) A total of 617 surface acres of freshwater lakes was located within the Brownsville Metro of Region 34 in 1971. Be- cause of the limited freshwater available for skiing, no participation was reported in the Texas Outdoor Recreation Household Demand Survey. Using participation patterns of households recreating in the urban areas, it was estimated that boating would have totaled 76,000 days, boat fishing 27,000 days, and skiing 12,000 days for a total of 115,000 days in 1970. Comparing estimated participation with the opportunities provided by the surface acres existing in 1971 indicates that existing freshwater lakes will be sufficient through the year 2000. Freshwater Boat Rampsll Three publicly-administered freshwater boat lanes were reported for the Brownsville Metro of Region 34 in 1971. By estimating the 1970 total freshwater boat fishing, skiing, and boating participation which would have occurred using I/ In calculating freshwater boat ramp resource requirements the assumption was made that each boat ramp has two lanes. Supply figures listed in the "Park and Recreation Facilities by Type of Park" table and quoted in the narratives are in terms of single lanes. 468 REGION 34 BROWNSVILLE R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 2 0 0 0 freshwater boat ramp facilities to gain access to the water if ramps were available, it was calculated that two boat ramps were needed in 1970. Projected increases in freshwater boat fishing, skiing, and boating participation are expected to require no additional freshwater boat ramps in 1975, one in 1980 'none in 1990, and none in the year 2000, bringing the cumulative resource requirement to three ramps in 2 000. Since boat ramps are the most frequently used means by which boaters, skiers, and boat fishermen gain access to freshwater lakes, freshwater boat ramps required could be constructed on existing freshwater lakes if the lakes are available for participation in the water-related activities. Summary of Facilities Requiremer@ts In 1971 there were two types of public outdoor recreation facilities unavailable within the metro boundaries of Region 34: public football fields and miles of designated trail. Development of trail'facilities was estimated to be required in every planning horizon year. Twelve football/soccer fields were estimated to be necessary in 1970, after which no additional requirements were indicated. other requirements included additional freshwater boat ramps in 1970 and 1980, additional public swimming pools in the year 2000, additional baseball fields in all planning horizon years, as well as additional picnic tables and tennis courts in 1970, 1975, and 1980. The number of surface acres of freshwater lakes, playground acres, holes of golf, and basketball courts enumerated in 1971 was estimated to be sufficient through the year 2000. A dispersion analysis was possible only for a few facility types. Brownsville had only one public swimming pool in 1971, and there appeared to be relatively few playgrounds and picnicking facilities in Brownsville, compared to other parts of the metro. Also, there was an apparent lack of picnicking facilities in some of the low-income Mexican- American subsections of San Benito. San Benito also reported having no municipal golf course, and someareas of Brownsville, Harlingen, and the municipality of Rio Hondo appeared to be relatively distant from public courses. In the allocation of additional facilities for all types of outdoor recreation activiti 'es, consideration shouldbe given to a balanced distribution relative to growth areas and the various income/ethnic subsections. 469 REGION 34 BROWNSVILLE RECREATION RESOURCE REQUIR124ENTS, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE; NETROS TOTAL 1971 OPPORTUNITY NET OPPORTUNITY DAYS PARTICIPATION DAYS AVAILABLE (OODIS OF WITS OF RECREATION (OOO'S OF (OOO'S OF ACTIVITY DAYS) RESOURCES REQUIRED YEAR ACT IVITY ACTIVITY DAYS) ACTIVITY DAYS DEFICIT SURPLUS CLZIULATIVE INCREMENTAL Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 443 -1/ 707 264 0 square yard&V 0square yards-V Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 308 635 327 0 acres 0acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 160 152 8 1 field 1field Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443 361 82 48 tables 48 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 0 90 12 fields 12 fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 146 115 0 holes 0holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 24 2 1 court, dbl. Icourt, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 35 26 0 courts, full 0courts, full 1970 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 115 257 142 0 surfac@ acres 0surfac7 acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 84 40 44 2 ramp S3 2ramps-3 Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . 34 4/ 4 miles 4miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 4/ 2 miles 2miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4/ <1 mile <1 mile Combined Walking, Bicycling, Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 50 0 50 6 miles 6miles ACTIVITY Swimming (Pools) . . . . .. . . . . . . 517 707 190 0 square yards-V 0square yards-2/ Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . .369 635 266 0 acres 0acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 184 152 32 2 fields Ifield Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457 361 96 56 tables 8tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 0 88 12 fields 0fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 146 108 0 holes 0holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 24 5 2 courts, dbl. 1court, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 35 26 0 courts, full 0courts, full 1975 Water-Rel-ated Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 136 257 121 0 surfagy acres 0surfary acres mp 3 Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 99 40 59 2 ra 0ramp&= Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 4/ 7 miles 3miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 4/ 3 miles 1mile Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 <1 mile 0miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, 4/ Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 81 - 0 81 10 miles 4miles 470 REGION 34 BROWNSVILLE RECREATION RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: mETRos TOTAL 1971 OPPORTUNITY NET OPPORTUNITY DAYS PARTICIPATION DAYS AVAILABLE (OOO'S OF MNITS OF RECREATION (OOO'S OF (0001S OF ACTIVITY DAYS) RESOURCES REQUIRED X.&M ACTIVITY ACTIVITY DAYS ACTIVITY DAYS DEFICIT SURPLUS CUMULATIVE INCRE24ENTAL Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 600 l/ 707 107 0 square yards-Z/ 0 square yards 2/ Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 435 635 200 0 acres 0 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 207 152 55 4 fields 2 fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468 361 107 63 tables 7 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 0 86 12 fields 0 fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 146 101 0 holes 0 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 24 7 3 courts, dbl. I court, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 35 26 0 courts, full 0 courts, full 1980 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 160 257 97 0 surfa3cy acres 0 surface acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 116 40 76 3 ramps= I ramp-3/ Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 4/ 9 miles 2 miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 4/ 4 miles I mile Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4/ <1 mile 0 miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, 4/ 0 ill 13 miles Nature Study .. . . . . . . . . 3 miles ACTIVITY Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 661 707 46 0 square yards!/ 0 square yards-2/ Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 491 635 144 0 acres 0 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 218 152 66 5 fields 1 field Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423 361 62 63 tables 0 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 0 71 12 fields 0 fields Golf . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . 53 146 93 0 holes 0 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 24 .3 3 courts, dbl. 0 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 35 28 0 courts, full 0 courts, full 1990 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 166 257 91 0 surface acres 0 surface acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 118 40 18 3 ramps!/ 0 rampd/ Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 4/ 13 miles 4 miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . ; . . . . . . 37 4/ 4 miles 0 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . <1 mile 0 miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, Nature Study. % . . . . . . . 143 4/ 0 143 17 miles 4 miles 471 REGION 34 BROWNSVILLE RECREATION RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: IIETROS TOTAL 1971 OPPORTUNITY NET OPPORTUNITY 'DAYS PARTICIPATION DAYS AVAILABLE (OOO'S OF UNITS OF RECREATION (OOO'S OF (OOO'S OF ACTIVITY DAYS) RESOURCES REQUIRED YEAR ACTIVITY ACTIVITY DAYS) ACTIVITY DAYS) DEFICIT SURPLUS CUMULATIVE INCREMENTAL Swimming (Pools) ... . . . . . . . . . 763 1/ 707 56 373 square yards-2/ 373 square yards-2/ Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 579 635 56 0acres 0 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 244 152 92 7fields 2 field Picnick : . . . 418 361 57 63 tables 0 tables ing . . . . . . . . . . . Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 0 63 12 fields 0 fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 146 83 0holes 0 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 24 1 3courts, dbl. 0 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 35 29 0courts, full 0 courts, full 2000 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 184 257 73 0surfa57 acres 0 surfac@ acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 130 40 90 3ramps@ 0 ramps-3 Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1310 4/ 15 miles 2 mile a Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . I . 43 '41 5miles l.mile Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . <1 mile 0 miles Combined,Walking, Bicycling, Nature Study . . . ... . . . . 173 4/ 0 173 20 miles 3 miles Note: Asterisks indicate that projected annual activity days were less than 500, l/ Includes only swimming participation occurring in swimming pools, 94 percent of the total in urban areas. @/ Designated freshwater swimming areas may be substituted for swimming pools. When making substitutions consider total swimming participation '51 Assumes 2.0 lanes per ramp. 4/ Reflects estimated participation occurring in park and recreation areas; does not include participation occurring outside park and recreation areas. Of the total walking, bicycling, and nature study participation it was determined that 10.5, 4.0, and 20.1 percent, rcspect@ively for each activity, occurs in park and recreation areas. 472 Ab nqulpg L W LLI w -1 j T- CL 7 z < oll" L, zz 0t REGION 34 REGIONAL DESCRIPTION: MCALLEN-EDINBURG-PHARR METROPOLITAN AREA The other metropolitan area of Region 34 consists of the cities POPULATION and towns of Edinburg, McAllen, Mission, Pharr and San Juan. 1970 Metro Area Population: 88,741 Change 1960-70: +6/ Edinburg, the county seat of Hidalgo County, is the center for a Race Compo sitiorr 17 citrus-growing area and is ia major shipping point. Industries White ..... 98/; 2/ found in Edinburg involve food processing, furniture, home fix- Negro ..... 1% tures, fertilizer, petroleum, and dairy products. Major events Other ..... 1% celebrated annually in the city are the All-Valley Tourist Days Age Composition (years):- (February) and the Pan American Days (April). Edinburg is the 13 or less ..... 32% location of Pan American University. 14 - 20 16% 21 - 44 ..... 27% McAllen is a city whose economy is based on tourism, citrus crops, 45 - 64 ..... 17% vegetables, oil, gas, and international trade with Mexico. Major 65 and over ..... 8% events in McAllen include the International Border Gem Fiesta (February) and the International Spring Fiesta (March). ECONOMY Agribusiness Mission is a commercial center for a citrus crop area and has Minerals over thirty industries located in the city. Major annual Tourism events in Mission are the Poinsettia Show (December) and the Texas Citrus Fiesta (January). Pharr is a commercial center for the production of winter vegetables, citrus crops, cotton, and natural gas. A major annual event in Pharr is the All-Valley Winter Vegetable Show (December). Located in the irrigated valley of the Rio Grande, San Juan was organized in 1909. The name of the town is derived from the Spanish name given the town's organizer John Closner. San Juan has a large plant manufacturing concrete irrigation pipe, but it is also a tourist and agribusiness center. I/ San Juan not included due to lack of data. San Juan's population is 5,070. 2/ Includes persons of Mexican and/or Spanish descent. 474 REGION 34 McALLEN CITY SIZE: METRO P U B L I C L Y A D M I N I S T E R E D R E C R E A T 1 0 N 0 P P 0 R T U N I T I E S LAND AND WATER ACREAGE ACRES REGION 34 STATEWIDE McALLEN AVERAGE METRO METRO AREAS_ REGION 34 75% Developed Land 361 1,307 McALLEN Undeveloped Land 122 536 METRO 25% Total Land 483 1,843 Water Within or Adjacent 41 1,006 Total Land and Water 524 2,849 DEVELOPED LAND- UNDEVELOPED LAND The McAllen Metro Area has a total of 483 acres of land set aside as park and recreation areas. In addition, 41 surface acres of water either within or adjacent to these parks ,,-Yere reported. 71% Of the total land acreage, 361 acres are developed with STATEWIDE facilities, leaving 122 acres available for aevelopment AVERAGE in the future. With 75 percent of the land acreage METRO AREAS currently developed, the Area is just above the Statewide Metro average of 71 percent. 29% 2 _@l @JT7 r% 475 REGION 34@ McALLEN CITY SIZE: METRO PARKS AND ACREAGE BY TYPE OF PARK STATEWIDE DISTRICT COMMUNITY SPECIALTY OPEN LAND AVERAGE PARK PARK PARK- PARK TOTAL METRO AREAS Number of Parks 2.000 23.000 12.000 10.000 47.000 72.000 Parks Per Thousand .023 .259 .135 .113 .530 267 People Per Park 44,371.000 3,858.000 7,395.000 8,874.000 1,888.000 3,754.000 ................................................................... ............................................. Land Acres 93.000 154.000 132.000 104.000 483.000 1,843.000 Acres Per Thousand 1.048 1.735 1.488 1.172 5.443 6.864 People Per Acre 954..000 576.000 672.000 853.000 184.000 146-000 Almost one-half of the 47 parks in the McA Ilen Metro Area are Community Parks. Twelve Specialty and ten Open Land Parks wer 'e reported, along with only two District Parks. The 23 Community'Parks contain a total of 154 acres, followed by Specialty Parks with 132 acres. The ten Open Land Parks average about 10 acres each, while the two District Parks total 93 acres. The dispersion of the four types of urban parks are depicted graphically in the accompanying map titled "Dispersion of Parks by Type." Looking at the total park and acreage figures in relation to the total population of the McAllen Metro Area, .530 parks per 1,000 and 5.443 acres per 1,000 population exist. Another way to present this data is that 1,888 people share each park while 184 people must share each acre of park land. With .530 parks per 1,000, the McAllen Metro Area has almost double the Statewide Metro average. However, the 5.443 acres per 1,000 gives the area a figure below the Statewide Metro average for acres per 1,000. 476 cr z 3 0 DO 0 cr 8qulp3 IL 0 C) D co z CV) z UJ UJ 0 LU z < Lli Cc C[ w > > CL co C/) 0 c CL LL CL 0 cc CL a. CL z a_ F- >- 0 z C) F-2 u Z) < FE z 0- F- ILI ffL- LLI U) LU z 0 (L (L 4; CL < 6 u U) 0 CC) cn ca :1 M 0 0 0 0 D REGION 34 McALLEN CITY SIZE: METRO PARK AND RECREATION FACILITIES BY TYPE OF PARK UNITS PER THOUSAND DISTRICT COMMUNITY SPECIALTY PEOPLE REGION 34 STATEWIDE TYPE OF FACILITY PARK PARK PARK TOTAL PER McALLEN AVERAGE (UNITS) (UNITS) (UNITS) UNITS UNIT METRO METRO AREAS Games and Sports: Parks .............................. 2 14 8 24 3,697 .269 .150 Tennis Courts ...................... 0 7 20 27 3,286 .303 .142 Basketball Courts .................. 0 10 2 12 7,395 .134 .071 Baseball/Softball Fields ........... 6 6 6 18 4,930 .202 .186 Football/Soccer Fields ............. 1 0 3 4 22,185 .044 .032 Picnicking: I Parks .............................. 2 16 2 20 43437 .224 .124 Tables ............................. 27 101 11 139 638 1.561 1.230 Playground: Parks .............................. 2 21 0 23 3,858 .258 .170 Acres Developed .................... 11 74 0 85 1,044 .955 .258 Swimming,' Parks-- .......................... 1 8 0 9 9,860 .101 .050 Pools (Sq. Yd.) ..................... 120 5,756 0 5,876 15 66.022 25.950 Designated 'Fresh Water (Sq. Yd.) ... 0 0 0 0 --- --- 52.242 Boating: Parks .............................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .006 Ramp Lanes - Fresh Water ............ 0 0 0 0 --- --- .008 Camping: Parks .............................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .002 Campsites .......................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .121 Fishing: Parks .............................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .013 Pier/Barge/Marina-Fresh Water (Yd.) 0 0 0 0 --- --- .049 Golfing: .022 .005 Courses ............................ 1 0 1 2 44,370 Holes .............................. 9 0 9 18 4,930 .202 .100 Trails: Parks .............................. 0 0 1 1 88,741 .011 .006 Nature (mi.) ....................... 0 0 2 2 44,370 .022 .009 Horseback (Mi.) ............ ....... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .003 Bicycle (Mi.) ...................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .007 Hiking (Mi.) ....................... 0 0 1 1 88,741 .011 .606 Total Trails (Mi.) ................. 0 0 3 3 29,580 .033 .021 478 REGION 34 McALLEN PARK AND RECREATION FACILITIES BY TYPE OF PARK CITY SIZE: METRO UNITS PER THOUSAND DISTRICT COMMUNITY SPECIALTY PEOPLE REGION 34 STATEWIDE TYPE OF FACILITY PARK PARK PARK TOTAL PER McALLEN AVERAGE (UNITS) (UNITS) (UNITS) UNITS UNIT METRO METRO AREAS Sport Shooting: Parks... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .002 Traps.. ***"*** ................... 0 0 0 0 --- .002 Shooting Targets .................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .004 Archery Targets ................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .011 Miscellaneous: Parks ............................. 1 5 2 8 11,092 .089 .038 Amphitheatre Seats ................ 0@ 0 0 0 --- --- 1.077 Botanical Gardens (Acres).; ....... 0 0 17 17 5,220 .191 .077 Zoos (Acres) ...................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .051 Community/Recreation Centers ....... 1 5 1 7 12,677 .078 .038 The park and recraation facilities in the McAllen Metro Area are about evenly distributed among all three of the park categories. In the Specialty Park category are the only trails in addition to a botancial garden. One golf course each in the District and Specialty Park categories were reported. A total.of 9 parks with swimming pools were reported, all but one of these in Community Parks. A total of sqven community/recreation centers were inventoried. Of the 47 parks, 24 have facilities for games and sports, 23 have playgrounds, 20 have picnicking facilities and 9 have swimming pools. The most common types of games and sports facilities are tennis with 27 courts, followed by baseball/ softball with 18 fields, basketball with 12 courts and football/soccer with 4 fields. Looking at selected facilities in relation to the number of potential users we find the following: 29,580 persons for each mile of trails 4,930 persons for each golf hole 22,185 persons for each football/soccer field 3,286 persons for each tennis court 12,677 persons for each community/recreation center 1,044 persons for each acre of playground 7,395 persons for each basketball court 638 persons for each picnic table 4,930 persons for each baseball/softball field 15 persons for each square yard of swimming pool The McAllen Metro Area is above the Statewide Metro average for facility units per 1,000 for tennis courts, basketball courts, baseball/softball fields, football/soccer fields, picnic tables, playground acres, square yards of swimming pools, golf holes, trail miles, acres of botanical gardens and community/recreation centers. No designated fresh water swimming area, boat ramp lanes, campsites, yards of fishing pier /barge/marina, sport shooting facilities, amphitheatre seats or zoo acreage were reported. 479 REGION 34 MCALLEN CONVERSION OF FACILITIES TO RECREATION OPPORTUNITY DAYS CITY SIZE: METRO Current opportunity days for 1971 were calculated by multiplying the number of facilities available for each activity in the metro area (determined from the Texas Outdoor Recreation Inventory of Parks, Recreation Areas, and Facilities) times the standard for the facility. DAYS PER THOUSAND POPULATION ANNUAL REGION STATEWIDE DAYS 34 AVERAGE ACTIVITY-FACILITY AVAILABLE MCALLEN METRO METRO Swimming (Pools) - square yards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 881,400 9,903 3,891 Child's Play - playground acres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,347,955 26,382 7,137 Baseball/Softball - fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248,472 2,792 2,577 Picnicking - tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236,578 2,658 2,093 Football/Soccer fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,896 325 235 Golf - holes . * * * * * ' * * * * * * ' ' * ' ' 72,846 818 414 b Tennis - courts, do, le . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,738 817 384 Basketball - courts, full . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105,540 1,186 625 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW - surface acres . . . . . . 274,904 3,089 2,962 Boating, Boat'Fishing, Skiing FW - boat ramps . . . . . . . . 0 0 103 Trail Activities: Combined Walking, Bicycling, and Nature Study - miles . . . . 25,392 285 164 The McAllen Metro Area offers the most opportunity days for child's play, followed by swimming (in pools), surface acres for freshwater boating, boat fishing and skiing, and baseball/softball. A comparison between the opportunity days per thousand population for the McAllen Metro area and the Statewide Metro average shows that the McAllen Metro Area surpasses the statewide average for all types of facilities except freshwater boat ramps, for which there are no opportunity days available. 480 REGION 34 MCALLEN ESTIMATED CURRENT AND FUTURE PARTICIPATION) 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METRO The fifteenth ranking metro area, based on population, McAllen ranked fourteenth in total participation for the year 1970. Estimates for 1970 indicate thac residents and non-residents in the area spent 2.7 million recreation days in pursuit of the various forms of urban outdoor recreation opportunities available within the metro area. Resident Total days of participation in urban outdoor recreation activities by the residents of the McAllen Metropolitan Area for the 16 activities shown were estimated to be 2..6 million days in 1970. Total participation is expected to increase to 2.7 million days in 1975 and to 2.9 million days in 1980. These projections represent increases of 6.9 percent by 1975 and 12.8 percent by 1980. Participation on a days per household basis is projected to increase from 120.2 days in 1970 to 133.7 days in 1975, and to 147.2 days in 1980--increases of 11.3 and 22.5 percent, respectively, over the 1970 level. Residents of the McAllen Metropolitan Area are expected to participate at a rate of 4 days per household below the statewide average for the other Texas metropolitan areas in 1970. Participation will be below the average by 28 days in 1975 and by 55 days in 1980. For the most distant years of 1990 and 2000, total days of participation are expected to decrease while participation on a days per household basis will increase. Days per household will remain below the statewide average for all metropolitan areas. Projections for specific activities indicate that eight of the 16 activities will increase in total days of partici- pation through the year 2000. Baseball, picnicking, football, tennis, basketball, bicycling, and fishing are expected to decline through the year 2000, with nature study remaining relatively constant. Participation on a days per house- hold basis is expected to increase in eleven activities by 1980, while picnicking, football, bicycling, sightseeing, and driving for pleasure will decline slightly. In 1970 the six most popular activities, based on total participation were estimated to be: driving for pleasure, picnicking, swimming, walking, child's play, and sightseeing, respectively. By 1975 the relative ranking for the six most popular activities are as follows: driving for pleasure, picnicking, walking, swimming, child's play, and sightseeing. In 1980 walking will still be ranked first followed by driving for pleasure, swimming, picnicking, child's play, and sightseeing in that order. Non-Resident For the urban outdoor recreation activities specified in 1970, participation within the McAllen Metropolitan Area by non-residents, was estimated to total 139,000 days. Compared to the 1970 level, total participation is expected to decrease 4.3 percent (to 133,000 days) by 1975 and 9.4 percent (to 126,000 days) by-1980. Similar decreases are anticipated for the years 1990 and 2000. In terms of days of participation for 1970, the most popular non-resident activities of the specified actiVities were: sightseeing, with 49,000 days; picnicking, with 26,000 days; golf, with 18,000 days; driving for pleasure, with 13,000 days; child's play, with 11,000 days; and swimming, with 11,000 days; respectively. A significant decrease in non-resident participation for all activities is expected through the year 2000. The relative order of the six most popular activities is expected to remain constant through the year 2000. 481 REGION 34 McALLEN CURRENT AND PROJECTED RESIDENT PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS (OOO'S OF ANNUAL ACTIVITY DAYS) 1970 197r 1980 1990 -000 STATE- STATE- STATE- STATE- STATE- REG.34 WIDE REG.34 WIDE REG.34 WIDE REG.34 WIDE REG.34 WIDE METROS METROS 14ETROS METROS METROS METROS METROS METROS METROS METROS PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE ACTIVITY DAYS RANK DAYS/HH DAYS/HH DAYS RANK DAYS/HH DAYS/HH DAYS RANK DAYS/ DAYS/HH DAYS RANK DAYS/HH DAYS/HH DAYS RANK DAYSMH DAYS/HH Swimming 369 3 17.2 7 27.41 437 4 21.29 36.52 503 3 25.57 47.17 540 2 36.25 75.28 592 2 47.99 110.14 Child's Play 216 5 10.11 14.08 246 5 11.99 17.72 270 5 13.72 22.00 268 5 17.99 32.20 275 5 22.29 43.99 Baseball/Softball 35 10 1.64 2.78 36 10 1.75 3.19 36 12 1.83 3.59 30 11 2.01 4.41 26 11 2.11 5.22 Picnicking 601 2 28.12 5.72 546 2 26.60 5.66 494 4 25.11 5.66 353 4 23.70 5.61 276 4 22.37 5.64 Football/Soccer 48 8 2.25 1.43 44 8 2.14 1.42 40 9 2.03 1.41 29 12 1.95 1.39 23 12 1.86 1.38 Golf 12 13 .56 3.92 14 13 .68 4.98 15 14 .76 6.16 15 14 1.01 8.96 15 14 1.22 12.07 Tennis 35 10 1.64 6.06 36 10 1.75 9.21 37 11 1.88 11.49 32 9 2.15 16.07 29 8 2.35 21.46 Basketball 3 15 .14 1.60 3 15 .15 2.59 3 15 .15 3.57 2 15 .13 5.52 2 15 .16 7.53 Walking 344 4 16.10 18.21 510 3 24.85 23.09 662 1 33.65 29.20 763 1 51.22 39.89 849 1 68.82 50.31 Bicycling 54 7 2.53 20.30 52 7 2.53 32.77 50 7 .2.54 45.25 38 8 2.55 68.44 31 7 2.51 95.49 Nature Study 1 16 .05 .72 1 16 .05 1.67 1 16 .05 2.64 1 16 .07 4.63 1 16 .08 6.70 Fishing 38 9 1.78 1.80 39 9 1.90 1.88 39 10 1.98 1.97 32 9 2.15 2.13 28 9 2.27 2.30 Boating 19 12 .89 .88 33 .12 1.61 1.60 45 8 2.29 2.31 56 6 3.76 3.74 64 6 5.19 5.17 Skiing 9 14 .42 .42 13 14 .63 .62 16 13 .81 .82 18 13 1.21 1.22 20 13 1.62 1.81 Surfing --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- Sightseeing 106 6 4.96 2.25 90 6 4.39 2.34 75 6 3.81 2.50 44 7 2.95 2.70 28 9 2.27 3.01 ,Dr. for Pleas. 678 1 31.72 13.38 645 1 31.43 13.52 _&.U 2 31.06 13.67 _.@Lfa 3 31.01 13.86 _.a2 3 30,72 14.10 TOTAL 2,568 120.18 120.96 2,745 133.74 158.78 2,897 147.24 199.41 2,683 180-11 286.05 2,638 213.83 386.32 CURRENT AND PROJECTED NON-RESIDENT PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 TOTAL CURRENT AND PROJECTED PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 . (000-S OF ANNUAL ACTIVITY DAYS) (OOO'S OF ANNUAL ACTIVITY DAYS) ACTIVITY 1970 1975 1980 1990 2000 ACTIVITY 1970 - Swimmi ng 11 11 10 7 6 Swimming 380 448 513 547 598 Child's Play 11 11 10 7 6 Child's Play 227 257 280 275 281 Baseball/Softball 7 6 6 4 3 Baseball/Softball 42 42 42 34 29 Picnicking 26 25 24 16 13 Picnicking 627 571 518 369 289 Football/Soccer 3 3 3 2 1 Football/Soccer 51 47 43 31 24 Golf 18 17 16 11 9 Golf 30 31 31 26 24 Tennis Tennis 35 36 37 32 29 Basketball Basketball 3 3 3 2 2 Walking I 1 1 1 Walking 345 511 663 764 850 Bicycling Bicycling 54 52 50 38 31 Nature Study Nature Study 1 1 1 1 1 Fishing Fishing 38 39 39 32 28 Boating Boating 19 33 45 56 64 Skiing Skiing 9 13 16 18 20 Surfing --- --- --- --- Surfing --- --- Sightseeing 49 46 44 30 24 Sightseeing 155 136 119 74 52 Dr. for Pleas. 13 13 12 8 7 Dr. for Pleas. 691 658 623 470 386 TOTAL 139 133 126 86 70 TOTAL 2,707 2,878 3,023 2,769 2,708 Notet Asterisks indicate that projected annual activity days were less than 50D. Dashes indicate not applicable. Zeros indicate that the activity was not ranked due to insignificant participation days recorded. 482 REGION 34 McALLEN R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E 0 U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 Estimates Of urban outdoor recreation resource requirements were dey @loped for the McAllen-Edinburg Metropolitan Area for the years 1970, 1975, 1980, 1990, and 2000 by comparing current-t and projected recreation participation with the current recreation opportunitiesil available within'the metro. In addition, the availability and spatial distribu- tion of recreation opportunities provided by parks and recreation facilities were-analyzed with respect to various subsections of the metro, particularly with regard to income/ethnic subsections, if this information was available. Conclusions reached from analyzing the distribution of recreation opportunities within the metro area we re used to qualify resource requirement estimates where a less than adequate distribution appeared to exist. In the discussion that follows, results of the distribution analysis of parks within subsections of the McAllen-Edinburg Metro a .re pre- sented. Then, estimates of current and future requirements for selected recreation facilities are presented, and are qualified by conclusions reached from the distribution analysis of recreation facilities within subsections of the McAllen-Edinburg Metro Area. PARK DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS In analyzing the availability and distribution of parks within the McAllen-Edinburg Metro Area, several characteristics were considered: changes in population (or trends, in general, 1960 to 1970), areas of the metro which were expected to exhibit expansion (available only for Edinburg), and the dispersion of existing parks among income/ethnic subsections (available only.for Edinburg). From these interrelated characteristics general conclusions were reache'd with respect to future park developments for portions of the metro area. Population trends affected estimations of future recreation participation. Projections for the McAllen- Edinburg Metro indicate that the 1970 metro population of 88,741 will decline over the next several decades to about 46,000 -by the year 2000. An analysis was not possible regarding directions of growth for four of the five municipalities comprising the metro, because no information was available in 1971. In the case of Edinburg, planners indicated that the main direction of growth was likely to be toward the southwest, the east, and the northwest, as illustrated by arrows on the map, titled "Predominant Ethnic Background and Income Subsections." In 1971, a breakdown by income/ethnic subsection was available only for Edinburg, and this information is presented graphically on the accompanying map. While six subsections were reported, most of Edinburg was comprised of four main subsections. These four included: an area of low-income Mexican-Americans in the eastern half of Edinburg, a middle- income Mexican- American neighborhood in west central Edinburg, a middle-income Anglo area in the north central portion, and a high-income Anglo area in the southern and southwestern part of Edinburg. 1/"Current" participation refers to levels of participation by type of selected recreation activity which were esti- mated for the year 1970. 2/ "Current" recreation opportunities refers to computed figures derived from the numbers of pub licly- administered facilities by type available within the metro area in 1971. 483 z Z 4:6 0 0 co 0 :r0 0 (D ID 1 -0 m to 0 0 z 0 0 -u 'o 0 - I (b -f 0' > -4 0 -n go 0 cn > m 0 0 I I. z 0 1:1 El El El z CIE] El IIM@ c A 5@ -Z .1 10, ol a, 100 > o o 0 @g0 0 , 0 0 o o o o K > @K>o z z 2 Z' >z 'z 0 ,OA K c > M 0 m > c z z 0 > ..0 Iz 0 0= 52 > 0 z z z z > > CZ > c > F- > K 1> > > z z m 0 n 0 sc > c z c 'I 03 > .0 > z 10 c 0 X U) 0 0 c z m a zm o m > z > > 2 0 m 0 -1 -1 M > m < 0 > Co m m 0 r- 0 M 0 > C > Z 5 g - OD Z m I- a M z En CA > m M c m co < > cn m z 0 a) I 0 z 0 4w REGION 34 MCALLEN R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 2 0 0 0 The "Dispersion of' Parks by Type" map shows the geographic distribution of parks in Mission, McAllen, and Edinburg, as of 1971. Comparable information for San Juan and Pharr was not available. Parks in general were reasonably well dis- tributed, although Mission and Edinburg each had slightly fewer parks than their respective populations would predict. Relative to the income/ethnic subsections in Edinburg, there were three subsections which had no parks of any kind: a low-income Mexican- American subsection, a middle-income Anglo subsection, and a high-income Anglo area, all of which were in the north and northwest part of Edinburg. While Mission and McAllen each had one district park, Edinburg did.not have a district park in 1971. Community and specialty parks tended to be reasonably well distributed among the three municipalities; however, in Mission, all. three community parks were concentrated in the southeast cornerof that municipality. Most populated areas in Edinburg and McAllen seemed to have reasonably good access to open land parks, but there was only one such -park in Mission, and it was located in the extreme northwest corner of the populated area. In addition to maintaining an adequate dispersion of parks in all portions of the metro area, the provision of different types of recreational facilities in-parks is also an important consideration. An analysis of.the current and future requirements for selected recreational facilities and the current dispersion of facilities in the McAllen- Edinburg Metro Area is presented in the following discussions. FACILITY REQUIREMENTS AND DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS As mentioned previously, requirements for selected recreational facilities (see 'the following table) were calculated for the years 1970, 1975, 1980, 1990, and 2000. Then, an analysis of the dispersion of existing facilities among the predominant income/ethnic subsections and the major growth areas of portions of the metro was conducted. Conclusions reached from the facility dispersion analysis were then used to qualify the. facility requirement estimates, particularly in those cases where no additional facilities were estimated as being needed within the metropolitan area. Usually, special note is made where growth areas appeared to have limited faci:lities. The methodology used to calculate facility requirements in general is explained in Appendix C, Part I--An Overview of the Urban Volume. In the discussions that follow, resource requirements for recreational facilities are generally referred to by units of the most important fea- ture necessary to allow participation. For example, when a requirement is shown for swimming pools, features such as a bathhouse, cleaning and filtering system, and other support features are implied when a requirement for one major facil- ity is shown. Swimming In 1971, the McAllen-Edinburg Metropolitan Area reported 5,876 square yards of public swimming area which, when multi- plied by the facility standard of 150 days per year per square yard, provided approximately 881,000 days of opportunity. A comparison of opportunity days with estimated participation days suggests that the 1971 supply level should be ade- quate through the year 2000 for the metro as a whole. Dispersion of public swimming facilities in 1971 appeared to be 485 REGION 34 MCALLEN R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 relatively balanced, except for a lack of pools in the northwest half of Mission. Child's Play With a conversion standard of 27,623 days per year per acre of developed playground, the eighty-five acres enumerated in 1971 should be adequate to accommodate estimated demand through the year 2000, for the metro as a whole. Portions of the metro which appeared to lack adequate playgrounds were the extreme northern part of McAllen, and the central portion of Mission. Baseball/So,ftball A total of 248,000 opportunity days was provided by the eighteen baseball/softball fields enumerated in 1971, using a facility standard of 13,804 days per year per field. With a demand estimated at 42,000 participation days in 1970 and a projection of slightly fewer participation days for subsequent horizon years, the eighteen fields were estimated to be adequate through the year 2000. Although a dispersion analysis was not possible from available information, consider- .ation should be given to providing a balanced distribution relative to growth areas and the various income/ethnic sub- sections, if additional facilities are provided. Picnicking The McAllen-Edinburg Metropolitan Area reported 139 public picnic tables in 1971, and this translates into 237,000 opportunity days, given a standard of 1,702 days per year per picnic table. This total was substantially below demand, estimated at 627,000 participation days for the year 1970. A total of 229 additional tables would have been required in 1970 to satisfy this demand. The participation level, however, was expected to decline in subsequent years to a low of 289,000 participation days in the year 2000. Consequently, once the 229 tables, required to satisfy demand in 1970 have been provided, no further additions should be anticipated. The north part of McAllen, the western half of Mission, and the northwest quarter of Edinburg were suggested lo'cations for additional public picnicking facilities. Football/Soccer The four football fields enumerated in 1971 provided an estimated 29,000 opportunity days for that year, given a facil- ity standard of 7,224 days per year per field. Three additional fields would have been required to erase the 22,000 day deficit in 1970; however, once the three additional fields have been provided, no further development should be anticipated in view of a projected decline in participation days through the year 2000. Although a dispersion analysis was not possible from available information, consideration should be given to providing a balanced distribution relative to growth areas and the various income/ethnic subsections. Golf The two public golf courses enumerated in 1971 provided about 73,000 days of opportunity as calculated on the basis of 486 REGION 34 MCALLEN R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 2 0 0 0 4,047 days per year per hole of golf. This supply level was estimated to remain ahead of projected demand through the year 2000. The dispersion of golf courses,,however, was not even. Mission did not have a public golf course in 1971; hence, if resources permit, consideration probably should be given to the development of a public golf course in that municipality. Tennis The 73,000 opportunity days available in 1971, as calculated by multiplying. the number of tennis courts (twenty-seven) by the appropriate facility standard (2,694 days per year per tennis court), was substantially above the estimated demand for the year 1970, as well as for all subsequent years; consequently, existing facilities should be adequate through the year 2000. Although a dispersion analysis was not possible from available information, consideration should. be given to providing a balanced distribution relative to growth areas and the various income ethnic subsections, if additional facilities are provided. Basketball The metro area reported twelve basketball courts in 1971 which, when multiplied by the facility standard of 8,795 days per year per court, provided about 106,000 opportunity days in 1971. A comparison of opportunity days with estimates of participation days suggests that the existing number of basketball courts should be adequate through the year 2000. Although a dispersion analysis was not possible from available. information, consideration should be given to providing a balanced distribution relative to growth areas and the various income ethnic subsections, if additional facilities are provided. Trails Activities The three miles of trail enumerated in 1971 provided about 25,000 opportunity days, given a conversion standard of 8,464 days per year per mile of trail. A comparison of the 25,000 opportunity days with estimates of demand suggests that an additional two miles of trail would have been required in 1970 to erase a deficit of 13,000 opportunity days. The cumulative resource requirement showed a' requirement for four miles of trail above the 1971 supply level to satisfy the'1975 demand of 56,000 participation days. The cumulative requirement increases to 6 miles for the year 1980, to 7 miles for 1990, and to 8 miles by the year 2000. A relatively small proportion of the total participation in trail. and related activities was estimated to take place in publicly-administered park and recreation areas. It is likely, however, that as additional trail facilities are pro- vided, the relative proportion of total participation will increase at these recreation areas. Thus, the above esti- mates of additional resources required may be conservative in the long run and should be considered as minimum estimates. In addition to the expectations for increases in participation in trail and related activities at publicly-administered park and recreation areas, it is clear that the major proportion of walking, bicycling, and nature study is occurring in places other than established recreation areas. The majority of this participation is most likely taking place in local 487 REGION 34 MCALLEN R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T 8 CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 2 0 0 0 neighborhoods, on city streets, and on available open lands within the area. This phenomenon has direct policy implica- tions with respect to the provision of sidewalks within currently existing and newly developing neighborhoods, the development of a system of bike lanes in high use areas, and the provision of adequate open space and green belt areas within the metro area. Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing Surface Acres - Freshwater Lakes (Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing) A total of 659 surface acres of freshwater lakes was located within the McAllen-Edinburg Metro Area of Region 34 in 1971. Using participation patterns of households recreating in the urban areas, it was estimated that boating totaled 19,000 days, boat fishing 8,000 days, and skiing 9,000 days for a total of 36,000 days in 1970. Comparing estimated participation with the opportunities provided by the surface acres existing in 1971 indicates that no additional fresh- water lakes will be needed before the year 2000. Freshwater Boat Ramps No publicly-administered freshwater boat lanes were reported for the McAllen Metro in 1971. By estimating the 1970 total freshwater boat fishing, skiing, and boating participation which would have occurred using freshwater boat ramp facilities to gain access to the water if sufficient ramps were available, it was calculated that one additional boat ramp was needed in 1970. Projected increases in freshwater boat fishing, skiing, and boating participation are expected to require no additional freshwater boat ramps in 1975, one in 1980, none in 1990, and none in the year 2000, bringing the cumulative resource requirement to two ramps in 2000. Since boat ramps are the most frequently used means by which boaters, skiers, and boat fishermen gain access to freshwater lakes, the provision of freshwater boat ramps required could be constructed on existing freshwater lakes if the lakes are available for water-related activities. Summary,of Facilities Requirements In 1971 the McAllen-Edinberg Metro reported some facilities for all designated activities except freshwater boat ramps. For the metro as a whole, existing facilities were estimated to be adequate through the year 2000 for swim- ming, child's play, baseball/softball, golf, tennis, basketball, and surface acres of freshwater lakes. To augment existing resources, additional facilities were estimated to be required only in 1970 for picnicking and football/soccer. Additional trail facilities were estimated to be needed in all planning horizon years. Freshwater boat ramps were estimated to be required in 1970 and again in 1980. l/ In calculating freshwater boat ramp resource requirements the assumption was made that each boat ramp has two lanes. Supply figures listed in the "Park and Recreation Facilities by Type of Park" table and quoted in the narratives are in terms of single lanes. 488 REGION 34 MCALLEN R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S b U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 Available data relevant to th e distribution of facilities was rather limited; consequently, only limited comments can be offered. While the number of opportunity days for the metro as a whole was estimated to be adequate for golf, no public golf course was reported for Mission ' in 1971. Also, there appeared to be a scarcity of public picnic tables in some sections of McAllen,.. Mission, and Edinburg, as well as an inadequate supply of public swimming facilities in the northwest half of Mission. In locating additional facilities for all types of outdoor recreation activities, considera- tion should be given to providing an adequate distribution relative to growth areas and the various income/ethnic sub- sections of the metro. 489 REGION 34 MCALLEN RECREATION RESOURCE REQUIRFNENTS, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS TOTAL 1971 OPPORTUNITY NET OPPORTUNITY DAYS PARTICIPATION DAYS AVAILABLE (0001S OF UNITS OF RECREATION (OOO'S OF (OOO'S OF ACTIVITY DAYS) RESOURCES REQUIRED YEAR ACTIVITY ACTIVITY DAYS) ACTIVITY DAYS DEFICIT SURPLUS CUMULATIVE INCREMENTAL Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 357 1/ 881 524 0square yards 2 0 square yards 2/ Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 227 2,348 2,121 0acres 0 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 42 248 206 0fields 0 fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . ... . . 627 237 390 229 tables 229 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 29 22 3fields 3 fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 73 43 0holes 0 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 73 38 0courts, dbl. 0 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 106 103 0courts, full 0 courts, full 1970 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 36 275 239 0surfS@e acres 0 surfir acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 27 0 27 1ramp- I ramp- Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 2miles 2 miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 <1 mile <1 mile Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . <1 mile <1 mile Combined Walking, Bicycling, 4/ Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 38 - 25 13 2miles 2 miles ACTIVITY Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 421 1/ 881 460 0square yards-2/ 0 square yards.Z/ Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 257 2,348 2,091 0acres 0 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 42 248 206 0fields 0 fields Picnicking .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 571 237 334 229 tables 0 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 29 18 3fields 0 fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 73 42 0holes 0 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 73 37 0courts, dbl. 0 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 106 103 0courts, full 0 courts, full 1975 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 54 275 221 0surface acres 0 surfac7 acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 40 0 40 1ramp-3/ 0 ramps-3 Trails Activities: Walking . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 4/ 4miles 2 miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 < I mile 0 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . * < 1 mile 0 miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, 4/ Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 56 - 25 31 4miles 2 miles 490 REGION 34 MCALLEN RECREATION RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS - TOTAL 1971 OPPORTUNITY NET OPPORTUNITY DAYS PARTICIPATION DAYS AVAILABLE (000-S OF UNITS OF RECREATION (OOO'S OF (000's OF ACTIVITY DAYS) RESOURCES REQUIRED YEAR ACTIVITY ACTIVITY DAYS ACTIVITY'DAYS DEFICIT SURPLUS CUMULATIVE INCREMENTAL Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 482 l/ 881 399 0square yards 2/ 0 square yards 2/ Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 280 2,348 2,068 0acres 0 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 42 248 206 0fields 0 fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518 237 281 229 tables 0 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 29 14 3fields 0 fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 73 42 0holes 0 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 73 36 0courts, dbl. 0 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. 106 103 0courts, full 0 courts, full 1980 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 69 275 206 0surfac@ acres 0 surfac7 acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 50 0 50 2ramps@3 I ramp Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 4/ 6miles 2 miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 <1 mile 0 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4/ <1 mile 0 miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 72 4/ 25 47 6miles 2 miles ACTIVITY Swimming (Pools) . . . .. . . . . . . . . 514 881 367 0square yards-2/ 0 square yards-2/ Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 275 2,348 2,073 0acres 0 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 34 248 214 0fields 0 fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369 237 132 229 tables 0 tables Football/Soccer . . ... . . . . . . . . 31 29 2 3fields 0 fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 73 47 0holes 0 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 73 41 0courts, dbl. 0 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 106 104 0courts, full 0 courts, full 1990 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 81 275 194 0surfac acres 0 surfac@ acres, Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 58 0 58 2ramp,37 0 ramp S3 Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 4/ 7miles 1 mile Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24/ <1 mile 0 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . <1 mile 0 miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, Nature Study . . . . . ... . . 82 4/ 25 57 7miles I miles 491 REGION 34 McALLEN RECREATION RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS TOTAL 1971 OPPORTUNITY NET OPPORTUNTTY DAYS PARTICIPATION DAYS AVAILABLE (OOO'S OF UNITS OF RECREATION (OOO'S OF (000-S OF ACTIVITY DAYS) RESOURCES REQUIRED YEAR ACTIVITY ACTIVITY DAYS) ACTIVITY DAYS) DEFICIT SURPLUS CUMULATIVE INCREMENTAL Swimming (Pools) ... . . . . . . . . . 562 881 319 0square yards-2/ 0 square yards- 2 Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 281 2,348 2,067 0acres 0 acres Baseb'all/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 29 248 219 0fields 0 fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289 237 52 229 tables 0 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 29 5 3fields 0 fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 73 49 0holes 0 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 73 44 0courts, dbl. 0 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 106 .104 0courts, full 0 courts, full 2000 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW 90 275 185 0surfac acres 0 surfac7 acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 63 0 63 2ramp,37 0 ramps! Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 4/ 8miles 1 mile Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1@/ <1 mile 0 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4/ <1 mile 0 miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, 4/ Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 90 - 25 65 8miles 1 mile Note: Asterisks indicate that projected annual activity days were less than 500. 1/ Includes only swimming participation occurring in swimming pools, 94 percent of the total in urban areas. 21 Designated freshwater swimming areas may be substituted for swimming pools. When making substitutions consider total swimming participation. 3/ Assumes 2.0 lanes per ramp. 4/ Reflects estimated participation occurring in park and recreation areas; does not include participation occurring outside park and recreation areas. Of the total walking, bicycling, and nature study participation it was determined that 10.5, 4.0, and 20.1 percent, respectively for each activity, occurs in park and recreation areas. 492 CC LU lu i DS o u u in IE LU 29 Rig 0 REGION 35 REGIONAL DESCRIPTION: LAREDO METROPOLITAN AREA Laredo is the only city or town in the Region 35 metropolitan POPULATION area. It is the county seat of Webb County, and is the major 1970 Metro Area Population: 69,024 international crossing along the United States/Mexico border Change 1960-70: +14% in Texas. This city has the distinction of having,served under Race Composition -lived Republic of the White ..... 98,, seven flags, the seventh being the short 1/ Rio Grande. Industry and business include the manufacture of Negro ..... 1% apparel, feeds, fertilizers, petroleum products, bricks, tiles, Other ..... 4.5% insecticides, electronic equipment, and sporting goods. With Age Composition (years): visitors from both sides of the Rio Grande, tourism is an 13 or less ..... 34% important facet of the economy. Major annual events celebrated 14 - 20 15% in Laredo are the Washington's Birthday Celebration (February), 21 - 44 ..... 28% the Quarter Horse and Thoroughbred Futurities and Derby 45 - 64 ..... 15% (February and April), the Laredo International Fair and 65 and over ..... 8% Exposition (March), the Border Olympics (March), and the Laredo Flower and Art Show (April). Laredo is the site of ECONOMY Laredo Air Force.Base and Laredo Junior College. Export Trade Manufacturing Mineral Processing Tourism 1/ Includes persons of Mexican and/or Spanish desceD.t. 494 REGION 35 CITY SIZE: METRO P U B L I C L Y A D M I N I S T E R E D R E C R E A T 1 0 N 0 P P 0 R T U N I T I E S LAND AND WATER ACREAGE REGION ACRES STATEWIDE 35 AVERAGE METRO METRO AREAS 70% Developed Land 33 1,307 REGION Undeveloped Land 14 536 35 METRO Total Land 47 1,843 30% Water Within or Adjacent 0 1,006 Total Land and Water 47 2,849 FM DEVELOPED LAND UNDEVELOPED LAND Laredo has a total of 47 acres of land set aside as park and recreation areas. No surface acres of water either within or adjacent to the parks were reported. 71% Of the total land acreage, 33 acres are developed with STATEWIDE facilities, leaving 14 acres available for future AVERAGE development. With 70 percent of the land acreage METRO AREAS currently developed, Laredo almost matches the Statewide Metro average of 71 percent. 29% 7 0 T-I @zj ) 2 M11 495 REGION 35 CITY SIZE: METRO PARKS AND ACREAGE BY TYPE OF PARK STATEWIDE DISTRICT COMMUNITY SPECIALTY OPEN LAND AVERAGE PARK PARK PARK- PARK TOTAL METRO AREAS Number of Parks 0 0 6.000 7.000 13.000 72.000 Parks Per Thousand 0 0 .087 .101 .188 .267 People Per Park 0 0 11,504.000 9,861.000 5,310.000 3,754.000 ................................................................................................................. Land Acres 0 0 35.000 12.000 47.000 1,843.000 Acres Per Thousand 0 0 .507 .174 .681 6.864 People Per Acre 0 0 1,972.000 5,752.000 1,469.000 146.000 Of the 13 parks in Laredo, 7 are Open Land Parks and the remainder are Specialty Parks. No District or Com- munity Parks were reported. Almost three-fourths of the total land acreage, or 35-acres, are in Specialty Parks while the 7 Open Land Parks contain a total of only 12 acres. The dispersion of the two types of urban parks are depicted graphically in the accompanying map titled "Dispersion of Parks by Type.'.' Looking at the total park and acreage figures in relation to the population of Laredo, .188 parks per 1,000 and .681 acres per 1,000 population exist. Another way to present this data is that 5,310 people share each park while 1,469 people must share each acre of park land. With .188 parks per 1,000, Laredo ranks well below the Statewide Metro average. The .681 acres per 1,000 gives Laredo a figure only one7tenth that of the Statewide Metro average. 496 DISPERSION OF PARKS BY TYPE URBAN PARKS DISTRICT PARK 0 COMMUNITY PARK SPECIALTY PARK OPEN-LAND PARK Source: Texas Outdoor Recreation Inventory of Parks, Recreation Areas, 0 and Facilities .59 Laredo 0 3509 REGION 35 LAREDO AREA METRO BOUNDARY 0 1 2 497 REGION 35 CITY SIZE: METRO PARK AND RECREATION FACILITIES BY TYPE OF PARK UNITS PER THOUSAND DISTRICT COMMUNITY SPECIALTY PEOPLE REGION STATEWIDE TYPE OF FACILITY PARK PARK PARK TOTAL PER 35 AVERAGE (UNITS)- (UNITS) (UNITS) UNITS UNIT METRO METRO AREAS Games and Sports: Parks .............................. 0 0 4 4 17,256 .058 .150 Tennis Courts ...................... 0 0 5 5 13,804 .072 .142 Basketball Courts .................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .071 Baseball/Softball Fields ........... 0 0 3 3 23,008 .043 .186 Football/Soccer Fields ............. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .032 Picnicking: Parks .............................. 0 0 0 0 .124 Tables ............................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- 1.230 Playground: Parks .............................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .170 Acres Developed .................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .258 Swimming: Parks .............................. 0 0 1 1 69,024 .01,4 .050 Pools (Sq. Yd.) .................... 0 0 1,619 1,619 43 23.463 25.950 Designated Fresh Water (Sq. Yd.) ... 0 0 0 0 --- --- 52.242 Boating: Parks .............................. 0 0 0 0 --- .006 Ramp Lanes - Fresh Water ........... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .008 Camping: Parks .............................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .002 Campsites .......................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .121 Fishing: Parks ........................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .013 Pier/Barge/Marina-Fresh Water (Yd.) 0 0 0 0 --- --- .049 Golfing: Courses ............................ 0 0 0 0 --- .005 Holes .............................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .100 Trails: Parks .............. ............... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .006 Nature (Mi.) ....................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .009 Horseback (Mi.) ............ ........ 0 0 0 0 --- --- .003 Bicycle (Mi.) ...................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .007 Hiking (Mi.) ....................... 0 0 0 0 --- .006 Total Trails (Mi.) ................. 0 0 0 0 --- .021 498 REGION 35 PARK AND REC REATION FACILITIES BY TYPE OF PARK CITY SIZE: METRO UNITS PER THOUSAND DISTRICT COMMUNITY SPECIALTY PEOPLE REGION STATEWIDE TYPE OF FACILITY PARK PARK PARK TOTAL PER 35 AVERAGE (UNITS) (UNITS) (UNITS) UNITS UNIT METRO METRO AREAS Sport Shooting: Parks ............................. 0 0 0 0 --- .002 Traps ............................. 0 0 0 0 --- .002 Shooting Targets .................. 0 0 0 0 --- --- .004 Archery Targets ................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .011 Miscellaneous: Parks ............................. 0 0 1 1 69,024 .014 .038 Amphitheatre Seats ................ 0 0 0 0 --- ---1 1.077 Botanical Gardens (Acres) ......... 0' 0 0 0 .077 Zoos (Acres) ...................... 0 0 0 0 --- --- .051 Community/Recreation Centers ...... 0 0 1 1 69,024 .014 .038 All of the developed park and recreation facilities in Laredo are in the Specialty Park category, as no District or Community Parks were reported. The only types of facilities in the Specialty Parks are for swimming, games and sports and a community/recre@tion center. A.total of 1,619 square yards of swimming pool area exists in the one park with swimming facilities. of the 13 parks, 4 have games and sports facilities, one has swimming facilities and one has a community/ recreation center. The only types of games and sports facilities are tennis with 5 courts and baseball/softball with 3 fields. Looking at the facilities in relation to the number of potential users we find the following: 69,024 persons for each community/recreation center 13,804 persons for each tennis court 23,008 persons for each baseball/softball field 43 persons for each square yard of swimming pool Laredo is not above the 'Statewide Metro average for any of the facility units per 1,000 figures, while falling below the average for tennis courts, baseball/softball fields, square yards of swimming pools and community/recreation centers. No basketball courts, football/soccer fields, picnic tables, playground acres, designated fresh water swimming area, boat ramp lanes, campsites, yards of fishing pier /barge /marina, golf holes, trail miles, sport shooting facilities, amphitheatre seats, acres of botanical gardens or zoo acreage were reported. 499 REGION 35 CONVERSION OF FACILITIES TO RECREATION OPPORTUNITY DAYS CITY SIZE: METRO Current opportunity days for 1971 were calculated by multiplying the number of facilities available for each activity in the metro area (determined from the Texas Outdoor Recreation Inventory of Parks, Recreation Areas, and Facilities) times the standard for the facility. DAYS PER THOUSAND POPULATION ANNUAL REGION STATEWIDE DAYS 35 AVERAGE ACTIVITY-FACILITY AVAILABLE METRO METRO Swimming (Pools) - square yards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242,850 3,520 3,891 Child's Play - playground acres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 7,137 Baseball/Softball - fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41,412 600 2,577 Picnicking - tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 2,093 Football/Soccer - fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 235 Golf - holes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 414 Tennis - courts, double . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,470 195 384 Basketball - courts, full . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 625 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW - surface acres . . . . . . 0 0 2,962 Boating, Boat Fishing,'Skiing FW - boat ramps . . . . . . . . 0 0 103 Trail Activities: Combined Walking, Bicycling, and Nature Study miles . . . 0 0 164 The Laredo Metro Area offers annual opportunity days for only three activity types. Swimming (in pools) leads with the most opportunity days, followed by baseball/softball and tennis. A comparison between opportunity days per thousand for the Laredo Metro Area and the Statewide Metro average shows that the Laredo Metro Area is below the statewide average for these three activity types. Soo REGION 35 ESTIMATED CURRENT AND FUTURE PARTICIPAT ION, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METRO The eighteenth ranking metro area, based on population, Laredo also ranked eighteenth in total participation for the year 1970. Estimates for 1970 indicate that participation by residents as well as non-r 'esidents in the area spent over 1.8 million recreation days in pursuit of the various forms of urban outdoor recreation opportunities available within the metro area. Resident Total days of participation in urban outdoor recreation activities by the residents of the Laredo Metropolitan Area for the 16 activities shown were estimated to be 1.5 million days in 1970. Total participation is expected to in- crease to 2.0 million days in 1975 and to 2.7 million days in 1980. These represent increases of 34.,0 percent by 1975 and 76.7 percent by 1980. Participation on a days per household basis is projected,to increase from 88.8 days in 1970 to 106.6 days in 1975, and to 126.6 days in 1980--increases of 20.0 and 42.4 percent, respectively, over the 1970 level. Residents of the Laredo Metropolitan Area are expected to participate at a rate of 35, 55, and 76 days per household below the statewide average for the other Texas metropolitan areas in 1970 ' 1975, and 1980', respectively. For the more distant years of 1990 and 2000, both total days of participation and days per household are expected to increase, but days per household will remain below the statewide average for all metropolitan areas. Projections for specific activities indicate that each of the 16 activities will increase in total days of participa- tion through the years 1975 and 1980. On a days per household basis, participation is expected to increase in 12 activities by 1980, while walking, picnicking, football, and driving for pleasure will decline slightly. Based on total days of participation, the six most popular activities in 1970 were: swimming, driving for pleasure, picnicking, child's play, football, and walking, respectively. Participation in child's play is expected to increase and will replace picnicking as the third ranked activity. Picnicking will then drop to fourth. By 1980 the six most popular activities in the Laredo Metropolitan Area are expected to be: swimming, driving for pleasure, child's play, picnick- ing, football, and walking, respectively. Non-Resident Participation in urban outdoor recreation activities within the Laredo Metropolitan Area by non-residents was estimated to total 247,000 days for the activities specified for 1970. Compar "ed to the 1970 level, total participation is expected to increase 8.1 percent (to 267,000 days) by 1975, and 15.4 percent (to 285,000 days) by 1980. Similar in- creases are anticipated through the years 1990 and 2000. Of the specific activities projected, the most popular activities by non-residents for 1970 were: sightseeing, with 161,000 days; swimming, with 34,000 days; driving for pleasure, with 30,000 days; child's play, with 10,000 days; picnicking, with 4,000 days; and walking, with 4,000 days. Assuming adequate facilities are made available, all activities are expected to increase at a moderate rate through the year 2000, with sightseeing, swimming, driving for pleasure, child's play, picnicking and walking retaining their ranking of one through six, respectively. 501 REGION 35 CURRENT AND PROJECTED RESIDENT PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS (OOO'S OF ANNUAL ACTIVITY DAYS) 1970 1975 1980 1990 2000 STATE- STATE- STATE- STATE- STATE- REG.35 WIDE REG.35 WIDE REG.35 WIDE REG.35 WIDE REG.35 WIDE METROS METROS METROS METROS METROS MMOS METROS METROS METROS METROS PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE PART. AVERAGE AVERAGE ACTIVITY DAYS RANK DAYS/ DAYS/HH DAYS RANK DAY'/HH DAYS/HH DAYS RANK DAYS/ DAYSIHH DAYS RANK DAYS/HH DAYS/HH DAYS RANK DAYS/HH DAYS/HH Swimming 456 1 26.49 27.41 726 1 37.76 36.52 1,082 1 50.68 47.17 2,166 1 85.77 75.28 3,778 1 129.41 110.14 Child's Play 142 4 8.25 14.08 214 3 11.13 17.72 309 3 14.47 22.00 580 2 22.97 32.20 979 2 33.53 43.99 Baseball/Softball 49 7 2.85 2.78 69 7 3.59 3.19 94 7 4.40 3.59 t62 5 6.41 4.41 254 4 8.70 5.22 Pinnicking 177 3 10.28 5.72 187 4 9.73 5.66 197 4 9.23 5.66 219 4 8.67 5.61 240 5 8.22 5.64 Football/Soccer 94 5 5.46 1.43 103 5 5.36 1.42 112 5 5.25 1.41 132 8 5.23 1.39 151 8 5.17 1.38 Golf 12 13 .70 3.92 20 13 1.04 4.98 32 13 1.50 6.16 73 11 2.89 8.96 146 10 5.00 12.07 Tennis 20 11 1.16 6.06 28 12 1.46 9.21 36 12 1.69 11.49 52 13 2.06 16.07 71 12 2.43 21.46 Basketball 28 91 1.63 1.60 49 8 2.55 2.59 74 9 3.47 3.57 133 7 5.27 5.52 206 7 7.06 7.53 Walking 80 6 4.65 18.21 89 6 4.63 23.09 99 6 4.64 29.20 117 9 4.63 39.89 136 11 4.66 50.31 Bicycling 23 10 1.34 20.30 47 9 2.44 a2. 77 77 8 3.61 45.25 148 6 5.86 68.44 237 6 8.12 95.49 Nature Study 0 --- .72 1 16 .05 1.67 1 16 .05 2.64 2 16 .08 4.63 3 16 .10 6.70 Fishing 31 8 1.80 1.80 36 10 1.87 1.88 42 11 1.97 1.97 54 12 2.14 2.13 67 13 2.30 2.30 Boating 15 12 .87 .88 31 11 1.61 1.60 49 10 2.30 2.31 94 10 3.72 3.74 151 8 5.17 5.17 Skiing 7 14 .41 .42 12 14 .62 .62 17 14 .80 .82 31 14 1.23 1.22 47 14 1.61 1.81 Surfing --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- Sightseeing 2 15 .12 2.25 3 15 .16 2.34 4 15 .19 2.50 7 15 .28 2.70 10 15 .34 3.01 Dr. for Pleas. 393 2 22.83 13.38 434 2 22.57- 13.52 476 2 22a3O 13.67 556 3 22dO2 13.86 632 3 21v65 14.10 TOTAL 1,529 88.84 120.96 2,049 106.57, 158.78 2,701 126.55 199.41 4,526 179.23 286.05 7,108 243.47 386.32 CURRENT AND PROJECTED NON-RESIDENT PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 TOTAL CURRENT AND PROJECTED PARTICIPATION, 1970-2000 (OOOIS OF ANNUAL ACTIVITY DAYS) (000-S OF ANNUAL ACTIVITY DAYS) ACTIVITY 1970 1975 1980 1990 2000 ACTIVITY 1970 1�75 1980 1990 2000 Swimming 34 37 39 44 48 Swimming 490 763 1,121 2,210 3,826 Child' 'a Play 10 11 11 13 14 Child's Play 152 225 320 593 993 Baseball/Softball 1 1 1 1 1 Baseball/Softball 50 70 95 163 255 Picnicking 4 5 5 6 6 Picnicking 181 192 202 225 246 Football/Soccer 1 1 1 1 1 Football/Soccer 95 104 113 133 152 Golf 2 2 2 3 3 Golf 14 22 34 76 149 Tennis Tennis 20 28 36 52 71 Basketball Basketball 28 49 74 133 206 Walking 4 4 4 5 5 Walking 84 93 103 122 141 Bicycling Bicycling 23 47 77 148 237 Nature Study Nature Study 1 1 2 3 Fishing Fishing 31 36 42 55 68 Boating Boating 15 31 49 94 151 Skiing Skiing 7 12 17 31 47 Surfing --- --- --- --- --- Surfing --- --- --- Sightseeing 161 174 187 210 229 Sightseeing 163 177 191 217 239 Dr. for Pleas. 30 32 35 39 42 Dr. for Pleas. 423 466 511 595 674 TOTAL 247 267 285 323 350 TOTAL 1,776 2,.316 2,986 4,849 7,458 Note: Asterisks indicate that projected annual activity days were less than 500. Dashes indicate not applicable. Zeros indicate that the activity was not ranked due to insignificant participation days recorded. 502 REGION 35 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 Estimates of urban outdoor recreation resource requirements were developed for the Laredo Metropolitan Area for the years 1970, 1975, 1980, 1990, and 2000 by comparing current-11 and projected recreation participation with the current recreation opportunities2/ available in the metro area. The availability and spatial distribution of recreation oppor- tunities provided by parks and recreation facilities were not analyzed with respect to subsections of the metro char- acterized by residents having similar incomes and ethnic backgrounds because the socio-economic data was not available. Income/ethnic background subsections were analyzed with respect to the distribution of parks and recreation facilities within these parks for other metros, or parts of metro areas, of the State for which this type information was available. The accessibility of'parks to urban residents significantly affects the frequency of park use. Further, recreationists from different income groups and ethnic backgrounds often have distinguishably different recreation patterns and pre- ferences. Both of these factors are important and should be considered in developing additional recreation opportuni- ties in the Laredo Metro Area. In the discussions that follow, the availability and distribution of parks in the Laredo Metro are presented (insofar as the limited data available allows). Then, estimates of current and future requirements for selected recreation faci- lities are provided. PARK DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS In analyzing the availability and distribution of parks in the Laredo Metro Area, changes in population (from 1960 to 1970), and dispersion of existing parks were considered. Population trends affected estimations of future recreation participation. Population estimates show that the 1970 metro population of 69,024 will increase to about 111,000 by the year 2000. No information was available in 1971 rela- tive to directions of future growth; however, in developing additional parks, the growth areas should be considered. Park distribution information was also incomplete for 1971 for the Laredo Metro Area; consequently, a comprehensive analysis cannot be made. The accompanying "Dispersion of Parks by Type" map does show the location of five of the thirteen public parks. These five parks are located within a few blocks of Highways 81 and 83. Of these five parks, two were specialty parks and,three were open land parks. The limited park distribution data available did not permit conclusions to be drawn suggesting the location of parks by type needed throughout the Laredo Metro. However, data presented in the "Parks and Acreage by Type of Park" table does show that no district or community parks were reported l/ "Current" participation refers to levels of participation by type of selected recreation activity which were esti- mated for the year 1970. 2/ "Current" recreation opportunities refers to computed figures derived from the numbers of publicly-administered faci- lities by type available within the metro area in 1971. 503 El El El 0 130 El Is m ox > I . m . @Z, > n z z 0 ox@ '0, ; ,, g 0 0 0 '2 om K K I - No" z z m z 0@2 2 Z n X Ao., > , , - 0 " z z z z " . @> @Z, z 0 0 z I z 01 z z z z 7: 2 z C > > C z 0 0- 9 z m > z cn c 03 M en m 0 z 000 Z > cn 0 0 Ul REGION 35 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: M@TROS 1 9 7 0 2 0 0 0 for the Laredo Metro. The absence of these two type parks suggests that there is a requirement for district and com- munity parks throughout the metro area. In addition to maintaining an adequate dispersion of parks in all portions of the metro area, the provision of different types of recreational facilities in parks is also an important consideration. Current and future requirements for selected recreational facilities in the Laredo Metro are presented in the following discussions in terms of the quan- tities of facilities needed. FACILITY REQUIREMENTS AND DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS As mentioned previously, requirements for selected recreational facilities (see the following table) were calculated for the years 1970, 1975, 1980, 1990, and 2000. . The methodology used to calculate facility requirements in general is explained in Appendix C, Part I--An Overview of the Urban Volume. In the discussion that follows, resource require- ments for recreational facilities are generally referred to by units of the most important feature necessary to allow participation. For example, when a requirement is shown for swimming pools, features such as a bathhouse, cleaning and filtering system, and other support features are implied when a requirement for the major facility is shown. Swimming There was one public swimming pool in the.Laredo Metro Area in 1971. The pool contained 1,619 square yards of swimming area and provided approximately 243,000 days of opportunity, given a facility standard of 150 days per year per square yard. An additional 1,453 square yards of swimming area would have been required to adequately meet an estimated demand of 461,000 days in 1970. The cumulative resource requirement has been calculated to increase from 1,453 square yards in 1970 to 3,160 square yards in 1975, to 5,406 square yards in 1980, to 12,226 square yards in 1990, and to 22,353 square yards above the 1971 supply level by the year 2000. Child's Play There were no public playgrounds reported as being available in the metro area in 1971. In order to satisfy projected participation, six acres of developed playground would have been required in 1970, based on a facility standard of 27,623 days per year per acre. The cumulative resource requirements were calculated to increase from 6 acres in 1970, to 8 acres in 1975, to 12 acres in 1980, to 21 acres in 1990, and to 36 acres of playgrounds by the year 2000. Baseball/Softball The three public baseball/softball fields reported in 1971 provided approximately 41,000 days of opportunity, given a standard of 13,804 days per year per field. One additional field would have been required to satisfy a 1970 demand estimated at 50,000 participation days. Based on 1971 information, the cumulative resource requirement has been cal- culated to increase f rom I additional f ield in 1970 to 2 f ields in 1975,, to 4 f ields in 1980, to 9 in 1990, and to 16 fields above the 1971 supply level by the year 2000. 505 REGION 35 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SI -ZE: =ROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 Picnicking No public picnic tables were reported as being available in the metro area in 1971. Based on a standard of 1,702 days per year per table, 106 tables would have been needed in 1970 to accommodate a 1970 demand estimated at 181,000 parti- cipation days. The cumulative resource requirements were calculated to increase from 106 tables in 1970 to 113 tables in 1975, to 119 tables in 1980, to 132 tables in 1990, and to a total of 145 picnic tables by the year 2000. Football/Soccer Laredo had no public football fields in 1971. Thirteen fields were needed in 1970 to accommodate a demand estimated at 95,000 participation days, based on a conversion standard of 7,224 days per year per field. The cumulative resource requirements were calculated to increase from 13 fields in 1970, to 14 fields in 1975, to 16 fields in 1980, to 18 fields in 1990, and to 21 fields by the year 2000. Golf Laredo had no public golf courses in 1971. With a conversion standard of 4,047 days per year per hole of golf, three holes would have been required in 1970 to accommodate a 1970 demand estimated at 14,000 participation days. The cumu- lative resource requirements were calculated to increase from 3 holes in 1970, to 5 holes in 1975, to 8 holes in 1980, to 19 holes in 1990, and to 37 holes by the year 2000. Since golf courses are constructed in multiples of nine holes, 1975 would be the first horizon year that one nine hole course might be considered feasible. Tennis The five public tennis courts in Laredo in 1971, when multiplied by a facility standard of 2,694 days per year per court, provided approximately 13,000 days of tennis opportunity. Three additional courts would have been required in 1970 to satisfy a 1970 demand estimated at 20,000 participation days. The cumulative resource requirements were cal- culated to increase from 3 additional courts in 1970, to 6 courts in 1975, to 9 courts in 1980, to 14 courts in 1990, and to 22 courts above the 1971 level by the year 2000. Basketball No public basketball courts were reported as being available in the metro in 1971. With a standard of 8,795 days per year per court, three courts would have been required to satisfy a 1970 demand of 28,000 participation days. The cumu- lative resource requirements have been calculated to 'increase from 3 courts in 1970 to 6 courts in 1975, to 8 courts in 1980, to 15 courts in 1990, and to a total of 23 basketball courts by the year 2000. Trails Activities Laredo reported no designated trail facilities in 1971. One mile would have been required in 1970 to satisfy demand estimated at 10,000 participation days, on the basis of a standard of 8,464 days per year per mile of trail. The 506 REGION 35 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 cumulative resource requirements were calculated to remain at one mile until 1980 where an additional mile will be required. By 1990 the cumulative requirement was calculated to increase to three miles. A total of three miles of trail should be adequate to meet expected demand through the year 2000. A relatively small proportion of the total participation in trail and related activities was estimated to take place in publicly administered park and recreation areas. It is likely, however, that as trail facilities are provided, the relative proportion of total participation will increase at these recreation areas. Thus, the above estimates of resources required may be conservative in the long run and should be considered as minimum estimates. In addition to the expectations for increases in participation in trail and related activities at pub I ic ly-administered park and recreation areas, it is clear that the major proportion of walking, bicycling, and nature study is occurring in places other than established recreation areas. The majority of this participation is most likely taking place in local neighborhoods, on city streets, and on available open lands within the area. This phenomenon has direct policy impli- cations with respect to the provision of sidewalks within currently existing and newly developing neighborhoods, the development of a system of bike lanes in high use areas, and the provision of adequate open space and green belt areas within the metro area. Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing Surface Acres-Freshwater Lakes (Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing) No surface acres of freshwater lakes were reported available for water-related recreation within the Laredo Metro Area in 1971. Using participation patterns of the households recreating within the urban areas, it was estimated that a total of 29,000 days of freshwater boating, boat fishing, and skiing participation would have occurred in 1970 if ade- quate freshwater lakes had been available. Of these 29,000 days, 15,000 were boating participation days, 7,000 were boat fishing days, and 7,000 were skiing days. Projections developed for the water-related activities indicate incre- .mental resource requirements of 70 surface acres in 1970, 52 surface acres in 1975, 58 surface acres in 1980, 148 sur- face acres in 1990, and 180 surface acres in 2000. This brings the cumulative resource requirement to 508 surface acres by the year 2000. Freshwater Boat Ramps-= No publicly-administered freshwater boat lanes were reported for the Laredo Metro in 1971. By estimating the 1970 total freshwater boat fishing, skiing, and boating participation which would have occurred using freshwater boat ramp faci- lities to gain access to the water if ramps were available, it was calculated that one boat ramp was needed in 1970. l/ In calculating freshwater boat ramp resource requirements the assumption was made that each boat ramp has two lanes. Supply figures listed in the "Park and Recreation Facilities by Type of Park" table and quoted in the narratives are in terms of'single lanes. 507 REGION 35 R E C R E A T 1 0 N R E S 0 U R C E R E Q U I R E M E N T S CITY SIZE: METROS 1 9 7 0 - 2 0 0 0 Projected increases in freshwater boat fishing, skiing, and boating participation are expected to require no additional freshwater boat ramps in 1975, one in 1980, two in 1990, and two in the year 2000, bringing the cumulative resource requirement to six ramps in 2000. Since boat ramps are the most frequently used means by which boaters, skiers, and boat fishermen gain access to freshwater lakes, the provision of freshwater surface acres and freshwater boat ramps required should be planned as joint projects, even though, in some cases, this may require the construction of boat ramps prior to the years reflected in the boat ramp resource requirement projections. Summary of Facilities Requirements In 1971 the Laredo Metro reported no public facilities for child's play, picnicking, football/soccer, golf, basketball, designated trail activities, or activities requiring surface acres of freshwater lakes or boat ramps. Resource require- ments were calculated for all planning horizon years for each of these facifities, except for trails and boat ramps. Designated trails were estimated to be required in 1970, 1980, and 1990, while freshwater boat ramps were estimated to be required for 1970, 1980, 1990, and the year 2000. The metro reported minimal amounts of facilities for swimming, tennis, and baseball/softball; resource requirements were indicated for all planning horizon years. While no information was available regarding the dispersion of parks and facilities among the various income/ethnic subsections or growth areas of Laredo, these are important planning factors and should be considered in the provision of additional parks and facilities in the metro area. 508 REGION 35 RECREATION RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS TOTAL 1971 OPPORTUNITY NET OPPORTUNITY DAYS PARTICIPATION DAYS AVAILABLE (OOO'S OF UNITS OF RECREATION (OOO'S OF (OOO'S OF ACTIVITY DAYS) RESOURCES REQUIRED YEAR ACTIVITY ACTIVI DAYS) ACTIVITY DAYS DEFICIT SURPLUS CUMULATIVE INCRI24ENTAL Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 461 243 218 1,453 square yards 2/ 1,453 square yarda 2/ Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 152 0 152 6 acres 6 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 50 41 9 1 fields I fields Picnicking . . . . . . ... . . . . . . 181 0 181 106 tables 106 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 0 95 13 fields 13 fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 0 14 3 holes 3 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 20 13 7. 3 courts, dbl. 3 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 0 28 3 courts, full 3 courts, full 1970 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 29 0 29 70 surface acres 70 surface acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW 22 0 22 1 ramr.2/ I ramp2l Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 1 miles 1 miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14/ <1 miles <1 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4/ <1 miles <1 miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, 4/ Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 10 - 0 10 1 miles I miles ACTIVITY Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . . 717 243 474 3,160 square yards- 21 1,707 square yards-2/ Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 225 0 225 8 acres 2 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 70 41 29 2 fields 1 fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 0 192 113 tables 7 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 0 104 14 fields 1 fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 0 22 5 holes 2 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 13 15 6 courts, dbl. 3 courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 0 49 6 courts, full 3 courts, full 1975 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 51 0 51 122 surface acres 52 surfa - a cres r Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 37 0 37 1 ra.p3/ 0 amp,37 Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 4/ 1 miles 0 miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 <1 miles 0 miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . -4/ <1 miles 0 miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, 4/ Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 12 - 0 12 1 miles 0 miles 509 REGION 35 RECREATION RESOURCE REQUIREKENTS, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS TOTAL 1971 OPPORTUNITY NET OPPORTUNITY DAYS PARTICIPATION DAYS AVAILABLE (OOO'S OF UNITS OF RECREATION (OOOIS OF (0001S OF ACTIVITY DAYS) RESOURCES REQUIRED Y= ACTIVITY ACTIVITY DAYS) ACTIVITY- DAYS) DEFICIT SURPLUS CLNULATTVE INCRF24ENTAL Swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 1,054 1/ 243 811 5,406 square yardsV 2,246 square yards 2/ Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 320 0 320 12 acres 4acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 95 41 54 4 fields 2fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 0 202 119 tables 6tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 0 113 16 fields 2fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 0 34 8 holes 3holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 13 23 9 courts, dbl. 3courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 0 74 8 courts, full 2courts, full 1980 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW 75 0 75 180 surfai? acres 58 surface acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 54 0 54 2 ramps- Iramp,3/ Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 4/ 2 miles 1miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 <1 miles 0miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . * <1 miles 0miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, 4/ Nature Study. . . . I . . . . 14 - 0 14 2 miles 1miles ACTIVITY swimming (Pools) . . . . . . . . . . . 2,077 1/ 243 1,834 12,226 square yards- 2 6,820 square yards-2/ Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 593 0 593 21 acres 9acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 163 41 122 9 fields 5fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 0 225 132 tables 13 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 0 133 18 fields 2fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 0 76 19 holes 8holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 13 39 14 courts, dbl. 5courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 0 133 15 courts, full 7courts, full 1990 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW 137 0 137 328 surfac acres 148 surfac cres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 96 0 96 4 ramp.P 2ramps 37 a Trails Activities: Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 4/ 2 miles 0miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1 miles Imiles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . <1 miles 0miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, 4/ Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 19 - 0 19 3 miles Imile 510 REGION 35 RECREATION RESOURCE RhQUIRE24ENTS, 1970-2000 CITY SIZE: METROS TOTAL 1971 OPPORTUNITY NET OPPORTUNITY DAYS PARTICIPATION DAYS AVAILABLE (OOO'S OF UNITS OF RECREATION (000-S OF (OOO'S OF ACTIVITY DAYS) RESOURCES REQUIRED YEAR ACTIVITY ACTIVITY DAYS) ACTIVITY DAYS) DEFICIT SURPLUS CUMULATIVP INCREMENTAL Swimming (Pools) ... . . . . . . . . . 3,596 243 3,353 22,353 square yards-2/ 10,127 square yardr,2-/ Child's Play (Playgrounds) . . . . . . 993 0 993 36 acres 15 acres Baseball/Softball . . . . . . . . . . . 255 41 214 16 fields 7fields Picnicking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 0 246 145 tables 13 tables Football/Soccer . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 0 152 21 fields 3fields Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14:9 0 149 37 holes 18 holes Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 13 58 22 courts, dbl. 8courts, dbl. Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 0 206 23 courts, full 8courts, full 2000 Water-Related Activities: Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 212 0 212 508 surfav acres 180 surfaV acres Boating, Boat Fishing, Skiing FW . . . 149 0 149 6 ramps= 2ramps2 Trails Activities: 4/ Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 2 miles 0miles Bicycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 1 miles 0miles Nature Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 <1 miles 0miles Combined Walking, Bicycling, 25 4/ 1 Nature Study . . . . . . . . . 0 25 3 miles 0miles Note: Asterisks indicate that projected annual activity days were less than 500. I/ Includes only swimming participation occurring in swimming pools, 94 percerit of the total in urban areas. Designated freshwater swimming areas may be substituted for swimming pools. When making substitutions consider total swimming participation. Assumes 2.0 lanes per ramp. Reflects estimated participation occurring in park and recreation areas; does not include participation occurring outside park and recreation areas. Of the total walking, bicycling, and nature study participation it was determined that 10.5, 4.0, and 20.1 percent, respectively for each activity, occurs in park and recreation areas. 511 AMEN RMkk AMON DMkk rr ,m,d,tx A. Introduction Access; area, recreation area, and/or park the a park, or recreation area, is open to the opportunity or means of approaching a given public either for a fee or for free.) The The terms in this glossary relate most closely geographic area, a recreation area, and/or recreation destination--either park or re- to the analyses of outdoor recreation in the park or other recreation destination via creation area--may be publicly or privately urban areas df Texas. Glossaries in other existing transportation routes. In a sense administered and/or owned, but the general volumes of the Texas Outdoor Recreation Plan refers to the physical and legal availability, public must be allowed to use the resource. may have more or fewer words described, as the reputation, and/or the quality of the The facilities available at a given park applicable. routes and the recreation area or park. In or recreation area are called the facilities another sense refers to available modes of mix. Correspondingly, but not necessarily, In developing the Texas Outdoor Recreation Plan transportation providing conveyance to the the facilities mix determines the activities (TORP), unconventional or specialized meanings recreation destination. package for a given park. have sometimes been assigned to familiar words. This was done in order to make the analyses of Access, facility - refers to route availability, Accessibility - refers to the ease with which large amounts of data more readable and useful reputation (i.e.; do people know route exists; recreationists may use recreation resources. to the general public. For this reason, the are there signs, etc.), and quality from park Among the factors which may influence acces- following glossary has been prepared so that entrance to recreational facility destination sibility are land ownership, transportation the public, as well as other planners,-might (i.e., can people get to the facility from the facilities, the proximity of recreation re- acquaint themselves with the meanings, trans- park entrance; do they have to walk long dis- sources to urban centers, user fees, and signs- lations, or uses of these terms in the TORP. tances; is there parking nearby; etc.) and information which identify the recreation resources for the recreationist. To facilitate more efficient communication and Access, fishing - Fishing accessrefers to Accessible Shoreline - that water frontage, e-g., common understanding, several attempts-have been physical and legal availability of fishing either on the Gulf, on a bay, a lake, river, made to standardize terms and concepts used in facilities, including the recreationists' stream, reservoir, etc., which presents re- opportunity to reach fishing water--i.e., recreation research and planning. The defini- is there a boat ramp available, can the creational opportunities for the public via tions of terms offered here do not necessarily recreationist get to the waters edge, etc. existing modes and routes o-f transportation. imply that other definitions are unacceptable. However, these definitions are of particular Acquisition - receiving control of a land and/or significance as they are found in the official Access, private - (Also, see: Access, public) water resource by a variety of means for document that is to guide recreation development No legal public access. Area is open to purposes of altering the present use of in the State of Texas. If the words prove use- owner(s) of the area, and only those other the resource to recreational. Means of ful enough, their use should become standardized persons that the owner(s) allow(s) to use acquiring vary from outright purchase (fee throughout the State. the -property. In other words, use by the simple) of title or deed to receiving as a general public is controlled by the property gift. Recreational uses may vary from strict owner. preservation--no development; to high-inten- Any questions or comments regarding the clarity sity uses--completely developed areas for many or accuracy of these terms and their uses should Access, public - the opportunity or means for activities. be sent to: Comprehensive Planning Branch, Texas the general public to approach and use a Parks and Wildlife Department, John H. Reagan recreation destination. (As considered in Action Programs - significant outdoor recreation Building, Austin, Texas 78701. the TORP, public access means, in effect-- related actions which the State proposes to 512 initiate or continue during the period of plan Activity Package - activity "packages" are those called a secondary activity. For example, the use. sets of recreational activities which were primary activity might be picnicking, while on Active Recreation - See: Recreation, active generally shown to be closely related. the outing recreationists might also pursue Recreationists have, as a general rule, diff- such secondary activities as swimming, baseball, Activities, recreational - a wide array of in- erent preferences and capacities to pursue horseback riding, nature study, boating, etc. dividual pursuits which tend to refresh or the activities of their choice. Most parks relax, entertain or amuse, and invigorate or@ provide facilities for two or more activities. Analytical Subsections - portions of an urban recharge the mind and body, and which tend One activity is usually the primar activity, area delineated by local urban or recreation to release the tensions or frustrations or the reason for going; and, an activity 'which planners in the 1971 Texas Outdoor Recreation created by day-to-day interactions. might also be pursued within the same park is Urban Planners Survey. Delineations were based on the combined, predominant income Activities, saltwater associated - recreational and ethnic background characteristics of activities which occur in or near saltwater Aggregate Analysis - The process of combining the urban areas of the State. For example, areas to include Gulf and bay areas along the an analysis of supply, participation, and/ middle-income Anglo subsection. Breakdowns Texas Gulf Coast. or resource requirements for particular . of the income levels were based on total geographic delineations, i.e., analysis of annual (average) household income as 'follows: Activities, spectator - applies only to observance an entire metropolitan area including con- Low up to $5,000; Middle - $5,000 to $15,000; of organized activities. tiguous municipalities, a group of cities High greater than $15,000. The three ethnic excluding those contiguous to metro areas, backgrounds which characterize most Texas Activity, primary - (Also, see: Activity Pack7 or a group of towns excluding those contig- municipalities--Anglo, Black, and Mexican- age) This activity provided the major reason uous to a metro in each of the 37 analytical American--were selected as the other delinea- for going to a park, the major reason for regions. In the volume of the TORP titled tion criteria. stopping while on a trip, and/or the major Outdoor Recreation in the Urban Areas of impetus for participation. The "primary" Texas--when analyzing a metropolitan area-- Analytical Techniques - (Also, see volume of activity might vary from recreationist to aggregate analysis implies that the data used TORP titled Techniques of Analysis) The recreationist, while often the primary is to determine resource requirements related -. u the same for all members of a group. . vario s scientific or empirical and recrea- not only to the metro core, but to all imme- tion planning methodologies used to synthe- diately adjacent, contiguous, and surrounded size and analyze pertinent data from the Activity, secondary - (Also, see: Activity smaller municipalities. When analyzing the surveys conducted to support statewide re- Package) A secondary activity is,a recrea- "cities" within a given analytical region creation planning in Texas. tional activity which results from a variety the data were combined for all cities in of conditions. There must be a "primary" that region such that supply, participation, Archeological Site/Area - those archeological, activity, then secondary activities evolve and resource requirements for the region historical, and cultural resources present from preplanning, from pursuit by members of were expressed as if there was only one city in areas, districts, sites, buildings, the household or group who are not as enthu- in that given region. Likewise, when analyz- structures, and objects that possess integ- siastic for the primary activity as others, ing the "towns" of a given region, these were rity of location, design, setting, materials, from a selection from alternative activities, expressed in the "aggregate" as well. workmanship, feeling, and association, and from recreationists tiring of the primary are identified as being important in pre- activity, from a lack of opportunity for the Amphitheatre Seats - refers to outdoor theatre history and/or history. primary activity, or from overcrowding of seating capacities only. Seating capacity the primary facility. was estimated if individual seats were not Archery - (Also, see: Sport Shooting) A designated (i.e., if there were only benches). recreational activity involving the use of Activity Day - (Participation Day) -- a unit of bow and arrow equipment for competitive or measurement used to describe participation in Analytical Regions (Same as the 37 Texas Out- non-competitive, non-school and non-profes- recreational activities. One day of partici- door Recreation Analytical Planning Regions sional target shooting as well as for other pation was recorded in the TORP surveys if for TORP) Territorial delineations among the unspecified uses. Participation normally_ any part of a day was devoted to a selected political subdivisions (i.e., groups of occurred at either a practice range or Tecreational activity. If the same members counties) within the State based on a com- empty field. Hunting with a bow was counted from the same household or group participated bination of factors which allows state recrea - in the TORP as hunting participation. in the same activity twice in the same day at tion planners to apply recreational demand and two different parks or recreation areas, it supply data to recreation problems at the.re- Archery Targets - See: Sport Shooting would be recorded as two days for each parti- gional level. Counties were aggregated for tipating member. Participation-by the same regional analyses based primarily on the ini- Available Surface Acres of Bay - approximate household or group in the same activity several tially established Governor's Planning Regions. total surface acres of bays located in or times during the same day at the same one loca-. Certain of those regions were subdivided to near counties in the coastal region which tion would be recorded as one day for each provide the capability to analyze data at a are available for the water related acti- member. more local level. vities of boating, fishing, or water skiing. 513 Barge, fishing - a floating structure usually sources. This type of course would often Campsites - refers to any space designated and attached to the shore and usually providing be found -in parks and recreation areas. used as a camping area excepting sites used access to more desirable fishing water than primarily for picnicking. There are many is available from the shore. Bicycling - A recreational activity which in- types of camping sites, the following are volves riding a two-wheel unmotorized vehicle the most common in Texas: Baseball - a recreational activity generally for pleasure. The activity could include use involving competition between two teams in of designated trails or paths. Does not in- Single Unit Campsites: a wide variety of types of baseball activity clude going to and from school or to and from Tent Sites - normally consists of an involving for example, from sandlot@to little work unless the destination was incidental to area which has been leveled and includes league participation (usually requiring a the reason for using the bicycle. one or more facilities; such as table, field, bats, balls, gloves, etc.); but, grill, trash can, and/or water. The site organized school, semi-professional, or pro- Boat Fishing - A recreational activity which in- is normally used by campers using tents fessional games were not included in the volves fishing while using a boat to gain or other similar portable materials for TORP. Participation could have taken place access to fishing waters which may not be shelter. in the street, at a school baseball diamond available from shore. after school, at park facilities, or at some Trailer, Mobile Camper, and Pickup Camper other resource with or without sport facilities Boat Ramp - An area for launching and retrieving Site - normally a designated site having boats; generally, a sloping road-like structure a similar complement of amenities as tent Baseball/Softball Fields - fields-with facilities constructed of asphalt, concrete, gravel, or sites used by persons with travel trailers for baseball and/or softball play. dirt leading down into the water. (includes tent foldout trailers) motorized or self-powered fixed construction camping Basketball - A recreational activity which Boat Ramp, lane - a subdivision of a boat ramp; vehicles, and pickup campers, or any site normally involves two opposing teams of one lane providing access for one boat at a having a sewer connection. five members each which pass, throw, or time. A ramp will most often have one, two, bounce (i.e., dribble) a ball toward the three, or four lanes. If the ramp is not Screened Shelter - this type campsite is opponents goal at indoor or outdoor faci- physically partitioned by curbs or other a permanent or semi-permanent structure lities, i.e., gymnasium, vacant lot, stan- barriers, number of lanes was determined by consisting of a roof and two or more dard court, etc. City parks and school estimating number of boats which could be screened walls, the remainder of which is gyms or playgrounds were prime areas for launched or retrieved safely, side-by-side, fully enclosed (with fewer than two screens, participation. Any number could play and at one time on the same ramp. the structure would be a cabin and was not there were no restrictions on rules. In- included); the height of the screens may door participation was eliminated from the Boating - A recreational activity involving vary, however. Most of these shelters are projections of recreation demand. riding around in a boat as an objective in insect resistant and provide some degree of itself. Fishing from a boat, pulling a skier, privacy for a single family or single group Basketball Courts - an area designed, con- or using a boat for transportation would not of campers. structed, and/or used for recreational be accepted as boating participation unless basketball participation. Full-court the respondents specifically stated that they Group Campsites: basketball courts were enumerated for were riding around in the boat for recreational This type would appear as a cluster of recreation resource inventory purposes of purposes. Types of boats included canoes, single unit campsites in one location. the TORP. kayaks, houseboats, various motorboats, paddle- They can be used for tent or trailer boats, rowboats, sailboats, yachts, etc. camping. Bicycle Route - A course designated on existing streets, roadways, and/or highways which has Botanical Gardens - areas devoted to specific Group Screened Shelters - these are also been specifically allocated for bicycle traf- collections or arrangements of endangered, permanent or semi- .permanent structures fic or which has special traffic control indigenous, ornamental, or otherwise extra- designed to accommodate two or more fami- signs which mark the route indicating to ordinary plant materials used for scientific lies or groups of campers. The definition others that bicyclers may be in traffic study, exhibition, interpretation, education, of screened shelters applies otherwise. ahead. This type of course would most often landscape enhancement, etc. be found in an urban area, but not within a Capacity - The environmental, physical, biolog- park. Camping - A recreational activity involving any ical, psychological, social, and cultural overnight stay on the premises of a public limitations of a given resource or set of Bicycle Trail - A course which has been specifi- or private recreation enterprise regardless resources. (For example, some types of cally designed and constructed primarily for of type of camping shelter used.* For example, limitations are size, space, interfacility recreational bicycling. The course may be a recreationist who spent the night in his car, distances, perceptions of crowding, carrying designed on an existing roadway, but generally in a tent, in a recreational vehicle, etc., at ability of the soils, flora, and fauna, etc.) the trails are off-road except for short a designated campsite would be considered a The carrying ability of a given resource. stretches for crossing traffic, in rough camper. On the other hand, those staying at For purposes of the TORP, most references to terrain, or for more expedient use of re- motels were not considered campers. capacity relate to seating capacity or the 514 maximum number of persons a theatre or Conservation - The wise use of resources. In cils are referred to variously as "regional' rodeo arena can seat; however, in another this plan the major focus is on conservation councils," "planning councils," "councils of context the word has been used to describe of recreation resources by achieving sound, governments or COGs,","development councils," the limiting point for resource use beyond environmentally sensitive, citizen-formulated and "associations of governments." which degradation of the resource begins and recreation goals via actions impVmented from which the resource cannot recover natu- through the comprehensive recreation planning Cultural Site/Area - See: Archeological Site/ rally. If use levels are maintained above process. Area capacity eventual destruction of the resource occurs. Contiguous Area - Those incorporated cities and Data - (Also, see: Information) The sets of towns which for purposes of analyses in the quantitative and qualitative informition Children's Play - primarily unorganized play at TORP were considered integral areas immediately required to make well-informed and statis- a field, park, playground, or undesignated adjacent t6, surrounded by, or otherwise con- tically significant analyses of the recrea- area not at a private residence lawn or yard. nected to the metropolitan core area. (For tional supply, demand, trends, patterns, Organized play might occur at a club or example, Irving was considered part of the Dallas and other recreation related factors in neighborhood outing with supervised games metro area.) Texas. for children. Adults, such as parents, watching the children were not recorded Contiguous to Bay or Gulf - On, adjacent, or Data Base - (Also, see: Data) The foundation unless actually participating. Types of near (accessible) the Texas Gulf Coast or of information that the Texas Outdoor Recrea- play included swinging, sliding, riding bay water shorelines. tion Plan is established on. merry-go-rounds, arts, crafts, free play, etc. Cooperation - (Also, see: Statewide Recrea- Demand - A schedule of the quantities of a tion Information System, Communication, particular good or service that would be Cities - (Also, see: Urban Area, Metro Area, and Coordination) Describes a necessary purchased in a specified period of time and Towns) Any urban area with a population ingredient for efficient and effective at all alterna .tive prices, holding all of 10,000 to 49,999 persons and which is not implementation of the statewide recreation other factors (such as income, population, a part of or contiguous to a metropolitan plan. By acting in a cooperative manner, consumers tastes,. and preferences, etc.) area. recreation planners, decision makers, constant. More detailed discussions of lawmakers, and citizens can participate recreation demand can be found in the volume City Park - See: Urban Park in the planning process and thereby pro- Techniques of Analysis. vide solutions to the recreation problems 1. Communication - (Also, see: Statewide Recrea- facing Texas in providing adequate recrea- Demand, Outdoor Recreation - (Also, see: Demand) tion Information System; Cooperation; and Coor- tional opportunities for all Texans, our A schedule of the quantities of outdoor re- dination) For purposes of the TORP, this word out-of-state and our out-of-country visitors. sources and/or facilities that would be describes a vital component necessary in the utilized (in terms of participation days, implementation of the statewide recreation Coordination - (Also, see: Statewide Recrea- occasions, visits, I trips, etc.) over some planning process. Communicating timelyinfor- tion Information System, Communication,, period of time (i.e., an hour, a day, a mation among the entities providing recrea- and Cooperation) Describes an integral year) at all alternative costs of participa- tional opportunities, technical, and/or function of the statewide recreation plan- tion, holding all other factors (such as financial support; other decision-makers and ning process. By coordinating information, income, population, consumers' tastes and planners; and the general public regarding actions, plans, laws, and the desires of preferences, etc.) constant. recreation problems, solutions, and actions, the public; Texans from all levels of provides more efficient, expedient, and long government, the private sector, and indivi- lasting solutions to the identified recreation dual citizens will be aware of the status, Demand Models, recreation - mathematical formulae related problems. actions, and needs (or requirements) for used in explaining or projecting demand for providing adequate recreational opportunities selected recreational activities. Detailed Community Park - (Also, see: Urban Park) An for Texas' recreationists, thus eliminating discussions of the several models utilized urban park with less than 20 acres of developed costly duplication's of efforts. in the TORP are presented in the volume land and containing facilities for two or more Techniques of Analysis along with discussions of.the following activities: games and sports, Councils of Governments - Refers to those organi- of the assumption and limitations on which picnicking, playground, or swimming. See zations established under Article 1011m, they are based. games and sports. V.A.C.S. as Regional Planning Commissions. Regional councils are voluntary associations Designated - Indicates the acceptable recrea- Community Recreation Center - A building or of local governments composed of at least tional uses of a given resource by signs structure providing indoor recreation faci- two-thirds voting majority of local elected or markings describing direction, area, and lities for all age groups. officials. These organizations are primarily purpose. However, physical barriers such engaged in regional planning and the promotion as cables, buoys, ropes, fences, etc., are Comprehensive Planning - See: Planning, Com- of intergovernmental cooperation among member often used. prehensive local governments. In Texas, regional coun- 515 Designated Freshwater Swimming Area - Square Ecology - The study,of interrelationships function; those which provide opportunities yards of freshwater specifically marked for among living organisms and between the for recreation as a secondary function; swimming by signs, roping, fencing, buoys, organisms and their living environment. and those which provide only technical or or any other physical features that may be This includes the study of human popula- financial assistance to other entities pro- used to delineate the swimming area. Swim- tions and their interrelations with regard viding opportunities. ming pools are not included. for physical environment, demographic and cultural characteristics. Fee Simple Ownership - The complete ownership Designated Saltwater Swimming Area - Square of land with exclusive and unrestricted yards of saltwater specifically marked off Environment - The aggregate surrounding con- rights of disposition, excluding only those by buoys, signs, roping, groins, jetties, ditions within which organisms, or groups rights retained by the government for etc., to establish a restricted swimming of organisms, exist and function. exercise of its taxation, eminent domain, area. Includes only saltwater swimming and police powers. areas located on a bay or on the Gulf. Environment, recreational - The surrounding Usually these areas are measured in terms external conditions within which persons Fishing - A recreational activity involving of square yards. or groups of persons recreate. The recrea- the taking of fish from the Gulf, a bay, a tion environment includes such influential lake, pond, tank, river or stream, in a Designated Swimming Area - Square yards of factors as sights, sounds, smells, social public or private area. Types include water specifically marked off for control and cultural factors, availability of re- fishing with bow, gig (flounder, frogs), by signs, roping, etc., to establish a creational resources, the weather, the pole, rod and reel, seine, trotline, spear, restricted swimming area. availability of transportation, and many or fly rod; from a bank or a chartered boat, others. etc. Excludes commercial fishing. Developed Land - (With Recreation-Related Facilities) Land areas, measured in acres, Facilities, private those facilities owned Fishing (Sport Fishing) - See: Fishing in parks where facilities are specifically and/or administered by private entrepeneurs, developed for recreational activities. corporations, and other non-public enter- Fishing Barge - See: Barge, fishing This does not include areas adjacent to prises, most often operated to make a profit. nature or other trails in a natural setting Fishing Barge/Marina (Length) - A measurement unless developed for various activities. Facilities, public - those facilities owned of total fishing access enumerated in This does not include open areas unless and/or administered by public agencies. linear yards around the exterior and in- they are specifically designed to provide terior of a barge or marina. free play, access to other areas, or acti- Facilities, support (support units) - Equip- Fishing Barges/Marinas - A barge or marina is vity of the outdoor sports and games variety. ment and/or resources which can be identi- (Excludes water acreage.) fied with a particular activity and/or a floating structure often attached to the Development - The modification of land resources activities. Developments which are not shore providing access to fishing water. by the influences of man. Residential, com- absolutely necessary for any particular Fishing Jetties - A jetty is a type of wall mercial, industrial, agricultural, recrea- recreational activity. For example, built into the water to restrain currents tional, or other types of structural acti- bleachers, water fountains, lockers, or for protection of a harbor or pier but vities influence, or change, the natural parking, bath houses, maintenance building, used by recreationists primarily for fishing. landscape to satisfy human needs or want. lighting, etc. To differentiate between a pier and a jetty, Facility Mix - (Also, see: Activity Package) a pier is supported above the water and a District Park - (Also, see: Urban Park) An The grouping of facilities types in a par- jetty is built to divide the water. The urban park with 20 acres or more of deve- ticular park or recreation area. circumference and/or length in linear yards loped land containing facilities for two from the access point of the jetty around or more of the following activities: Facility Requirements - (Also, see: Resource the last yard of area where recreationists games and sports, picnicking, playground Requirements) Quantitative estimates of may fish has been measure 'd to give planners (children's play), or swimming. the units of selected recreational facilities an indication of the amount of access pro- Driving for Pleasure - (Also, see: Sightseeing) expected to be needed to meet current and vided by jetties. A recreational activity consisting of driving future demands. Fishing Pier - (Also, see: Fishing Jetties) or riding with no specific destination in A platform which extends over the water mind, this being the principal distinction Federal Agencies - Governmental entities under and provides access to fishing water. between driving and sightseeing. Includes the direct auspices of the United States of use of designated roads and trails primarily America. As they are related to recreation Fishing Pier (Length) - A measurement of in a car but use of motorcycles or airplanes (TORP) federal agencies are divided into length in linear yards along the edge of was also recorded. Could begin immediately three categories: those which provide a pier, considering only the portion that upon leaving the recreationist's residence. opportunities for recreation as a primary is actually over water suitable for fishing. 516 Both sides of any pier wide enough to allow planning process. In other words, the Hiking - A recreational activity which depends fishing from both sides were enumerated. interim and Ultimate steps along the on the recreationists' determination that Circumferential length around "T" head schedule toward achieving adequate recrea- the activity is a hike instead of a walk. piers wa's also evaluated. tional opportunities for all. Usually involves a specific destination, preparation of some kind, vigorous physical Football - A body contact sport or game played Golf - A recreational activity involving play exertion, and is often of greater distance with a ball. Touch, tackle, flag, and other at regular courses with nine or more holes, than associated with walking for pleasure. common American variations played for recrea- par three, or miniature courses, and at tion were included in TORP surveys. As few driving ranges. Recreational participation Hiking/Walking for Pleasure/Nature Study Trail as two persons on each side or as many as can occur any place facilities are available, A designated trail measured in linear miles, eleven was acceptable for indicating parti- but not as a school activity or professional for the primary purpose of walking and/or cipation. Organized leagues were included contest. hiking and/or nature study. in acceptable TORP survey responses, but school or professional games were excluded Golf Course (Holes of) - (Also, see: Golf) Historic Site/Area - See: Archeological Site/ from consideration. Persons watching these A golf course provides facilities to support Area games would be considered football specta- golf activities. Only par three and regular tors. courses were enumerated for purposes of the TORT. The number of holes available to the Horseback Riding - A recreational activity Football/Soccer Fields - Facilities designed general public was considered.- Since the involving riding a horse for pleasure. and designated (marked or provided) for numbers of holes vary (i.e., some regular Includes equestrian pursuits such as trail football and/or soccer play. Did not have courses may have only nine holes, while riding and open land riding. Does not in- to be used exclusively for those sports to others may have 18, 27, 36, or more) in clude rodeo or racing pursuits or when pro- be considered in TORP, just so the field- many cases, the number of holes was selected fessional or school activities are involved. would accommodate organized events. as the unit of measurement and comparison Also does not include range riding as a for golf activities (i.e., the common denom- part of an occupation such as ranching. Freshwater Swimming Area - (Also, see: Des- inator). By determining the number of holes ignated Swimming Areas) Water areas, both needed, planners may then determine, based Horseback Riding Area - A recreational space designated and undesignated, generally found on local resources and analyses, what the devoted to riding horses. This type of on rivers, streams, creeks, lakes, reservoirs, most appropriate number of holes would be area was typically measured in acres de- which are used predominantly by swimming to provide for a given situation. Country voted to the activity. recreationists. Excludes consideration of clubs and other private courses open only swimming pools. to members were excluded. Horseback Riding Trail - A trail devoted to equestrian riding. Generally this trail Games and Sports - Any of a variety of the Grants-in-Aid - Financial assistance in the can accommodate two or more horses abreast more common recreational activities, form of grants made by the federal and/or and has some overhead clearance (approxi- normally competitive, which require faci- state governments to a local government to mately 15 feet) 'provided. Not included lities of the courts, fields, or nets assist in a public project. Regarding re- were riding arenas, race tracks (unless .varieties. Some examples are: tennis, creation, grants are normally made on a part of trail), etc. volleyball, football, baseball, basket- matching basis (e.g., 50 percent of cost ball, etc. might be paid by each entity-grantor and Household - The unit of people residing in a Games and Sports Facilities - As enumerated grantee). particular residence whether they are a in the TORP, fields or courts associated t. group of single, unrelated individuals; with a particular game or sport on which Greenbelts - Commonly, linear areas along a traditional family; or members of regulation or league games can be played. river and stream basins or transportation two'families related or unrelated. corridors which are often left "green" Geological Features'- Those extraordinary or in a minimally developed state. Houston-Galveston Region - Generally referred physical or physiographical attributes of to as the political region coinciding with an area (i.e., mountains, caverns, plains, Group Campsite - See: Campsites the original eight-county jurisdiction of faults, river basins, etc.) which pre- the Houston-Galveston Area Council of Gov- sently or potentially could provide re- Group Screened Shelters - See: Campsites ernments. The region included Brazoria, creational resources. Chambers, Fort Bend, Galveston, Harris, Handicapped - A person with some mental or Liberty, Montgomery,.and Waller Counties. Goals - (Also, see: Objectives) Short range physical disadvantage which might prevent or long range aims, achievements, or objec- or deter utilization of recreation facili- Hunting - A recreational activity which is tives established during the recreation ties or resources. typically characterized by the taking of 517 wild game for personal consumption. Land, urban recreation - Recreation land 'Linear Parks - See: Parks, linear; Green- Usually involves preparation of some kind, within or adjacent to urban areas, belts. pursuit, and killing of the animal(s). usually within city limits with the. Included the use of bow, dog (to tree or exception of those areas within the Local Agencies--- For purposes of the TORP, locate game), handgun, rifle, shotgun, urban area that are sparsely developed. local agencies are either county or and other weapons in the pursuit of deer municipal political subdivisions of and other big game, dove, goose and/or Land and Water Conservation Fund - The Land the State. duck, quail, turkey, squirrel, varmints, and Water Conservation Fund Act of 1965 and other game. (Public Law 88-57.8) established a fund to Marina(s) - A floating structure usually increase outdoor recreation o0portunities attached to the shore and usually pro- Implementation - An essential step or element for the American people. The program viding access to more desirable fishing in the planning process during which the provides for (1) acquisition of lands for water than is available from the shore. recommendations of a plan are carried out. federally administered recreation areas; Marinas also often provide boat stalls; Regarding the TORP, implementation is a and (2) matching grants for state recrea- gasoline; concessions for iishing, boating, complete, integrated, and on-going process tion planning and state as well as local skiing, and swimming recreationists; and because provision of adequate recreational land acquisition and development. The other amenities. opportunities statewide cannot be an "over- fund is administered by the Bureau of nite," or short-range, step in the planning Outdoor Recreation of the Department of Metropolitan Area - (Also, See: Cities and process because of the paucity of immediately the Interior at the federal level and Towns) Any of the 24 Texas urban areas available resources, physical, and the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department in 1970 with a population of 50,000 or financial. at the state level. The Texas Parks and more, plus all incorporated and some un- Wildlife Department has deferred all grants corporated urbanized areas contiguous to Information System - See: Statewide Recrea- from the fund to local political subdivi- the core city area; for example, San tion Information System sions. In order for Texas to receive grants Antonio plus Alamo Heights, Castle Hills, from the fund, the State must develop a Terrell Hills, etc. Municipal popula- Interpretive Facilities - Normally, a building, statewide comprehensive outdoor recreation tions over 2,500 persons that were close or site, or area comprising artifacts or plan (i.e., the Texas Outdoor Recreation to but not part of the contiguously deve- surroundings of an era which have been Plan), and update and refine this plan on loped metropolitan area were considered arranged or analyzed-to tell a story in an a continuing basis. under the city or town category. interesting, educational, or otherwise "interpreted" fashion. Interpretive faci- Land Use - A general term referring to the Models, demand - See: Demand Models lities can include any resource--amphi- uses that land resources are put to. For theatres, trails, open land, natural areas, example, some lands are used to support flora, fauna, puppets, loud speakers, etc., industry, others support commercial, Multi-Use Courts. - Courts for a selected which can be used to "tell the story," agricultural, recreational uses, etc. number of games or sports activities on whatever the story happens to be. (Re- In other words, land use is how man which regulation or league games can be .garding recreation the "story" is usually exercises his stewardship over lands played at different times. For example, based on historical, cultural, archeological, and waters in his domain--what is done basketball or volleyball can be played natural, or other aspects of the area.) to and with the land. on the same court that might at another Legal Authority - Senate Bill 165, Acts of time have tennis matches. Jetty(s) - A barrier usually constructed of the 59th Texas Legislature, Regular concrete and boulders extending from the Session 1`965, authorized the Parks and Multi-Use Trail - A trail, measured in miles, shoreline out into the water. The primary Wildlife Department as the primary state designated for two or more combined or purpose of the jetty is usually to protect office to (1) develop outdoor recreation associated activities such as walking, shipping channels from erosion, siltation in Texas including the preparation and hiking, and nature study. and rough water; however, it also may pro- maintenance of a statewide comprehensive vide access to more desirable fishing outdoor recreation plan and to (2) Museums - Organized and permanent non-profit water than which is available from the regulate the allocation of federal aid institutions, essentially educational or shore. from the Land and Water Fund to all aesthetic in purpose, which exhibit objects political subdivisions in the State in with intrinsic value to science, history, accordance with the Texas Outdoor Re- art, or culture, and which are open to the Land, rural recreation - Recreation land creation Plan. public. located in a country atmosphere usually located outside of urban areas or in Level of Government - Refers to the organiza- Natural Area (potential recreation area) - An small rural towns of less than 200 in tion of government into federal, state, area noted for its extraordinary character- population. regional, and local governments. istics and natural qualities. 518 outside Texas, but participate in recrea- Nature and/or Interpretive Trail - Nature solved, or part of a (1980) goal achieved. tional activities while visiting the State. trails are routed through essentially Another type of equally essential objective natural environments for the purposes of would be to achieve a state funding program Outdoor Recreation - (Also, see: Activities, providing access for witnessing, studying, to support land and water-acquisition and feeling, or appreciating natural features recreational developments at the regional recreation) Recreational activities which of the area. Interpretive trails are those or local level in order to pursue the are participated in outside buildings or courses which 'seek to reveal meanings, in- ultimate goal of providing adequate oppor- completely enclosed shelters. Excludes sights, or relationships in the natural tunities statewide. indoor recreation. environment by means of signs, objects, or other interpretive media to enhance Open Land Park - (Also, see: Urban Park) An Outdoor Recreation Resources Review Commission appreciation of nature. urban park in which no conventional outdoor In 1958, Public Law 85-478, 72 Stat. 238, recreational facilities have been developed. created the Outdoor Recreation Resources Nature Center - Normally a man-made structure However, the acreage may be landscaped or Review Commission, charging it with the housing organic and/or material exhibits maintained. massive task of recommending courses of of flora and/or fauna utilized most often action to insure that the necessary outdoor in an educational way to centralize aspects Open Space - (Also, see: Recreation and Open recreation opportunities are provided for of nature which many persons may have Space Plans) Land area free or relatively each citizen of this country now and in the neither the means nor expertise to locate free of man-made structu'res and where water future. The results of the Commission's work, and appreciate in a native setting. Zoos, bodies, land forms, or vegetation predomi- Outdoor Recreation in America, were published botanical gardens, aquaria, and wildlife nate. in 1962, in twenty-seven volumes containing exhibits are but a few examples. many recommendations for action. Responding Open Space, Recreational - Open space which to the recommendations in the report, Congress Nature Study - This recreational Activity -is devoted to recreational activities that and the President began enacting legisla- normally includes a specific destination do not require developed facilities and are tion which created the Land and Water Con- and/or purpose that includes studying compatible with conserving open space for servation Fund, the Bureau of Outdoor flora and/or fauna in a natural environ- designed purposes. Recreation under the United States Depart- ment, such as bird watching at Aransas ment of the Interior, and which broadened National Wildlife Refuge, beach combing, Opportunity Days - (Also, see: Activity Day) outdoor recreation responsibilities in or rock hunting, etc. Recreational nature An estimation of the number of recreational several federal agencies. study can be done individually or in a activity days satisfactorily provided by group, organized or unorganized. one unit (or the sum of opportunity days Park -Areas of land and/or water which have for any number of units) of a selected been set aside by public or private entities Needs - See: Requirements recreation facility per year within a for the recreational uses of present or selected geographic area of the State. future generations. Non-Recreationists - Those persons in Texas For further discussions of opportunity who because of lack of opportunity, handi- days refer to the volume Techniques of Parkland, developed - See: Developed Land cap, choice, or other reason did not par- Analysis. Parks, linear - Refers to parks and recreation ticipate in outdoor recreational activities. Opportunity Days, deficit - A deficit of areas, so designated, normally occurring opportunity days results when the supply along some natural or man-made features .Objective - (Also, see: Goals) Those essen- of facilities, expressed in opportunity such as river, creek, and stream basins or tial steps in the recreation planning pro- days, was less than the estimated demand, along highway or railroad rights-of-way, cess which have to be achieved to accomplish expressed in participation days, for the etc. The park normally is much longer than the short and long range goals of the pro- selected activity during the selected time it is wide, which gives it a "linear" physi- cess, i.e., the solutions to re 'creation period. , cal characteristic. problems in the State. Objectives and Opportunity Days, surplus - A surplus of goals are semantically equivalent, or syn- opportunity days resulted when the supply Pa.rks-and Recreation Department - An officially onymous, terms as defined in most diction- of facilities, expressed in opportunity recognized entity of a federal, state, region- aries; however, in recreation planning days, exceeded the-estimated demand, al, or local government agency which has been objectives must be reached to achieve expressed in participation days, for the given the primary responsibility for providing goals. An objective, for example, might selected activity during the selected and maintaining recreation land and facilities be to provide a certain number of picnic time period. areas within its jurisdictional boundaries. tables to meet 1980 needs in a certain analytical planning region. By providing Participant - (Also, see: Recreation, active; part of those picnic tables by 1975, a part Out-of-State Visitors - (Also, see: Residents, Recreation, passive; and Spectator) An of an identified problem will have been Out-of-State) Recreationists who reside individual who actively engages in a recrea- 519 tion activity. Participation could occur Picnicking - A recreational activity involving erally "aimed" at and the estimated re- indoors or outdoors but not in the partici- one or more people on an outing or at a source requirements represent the goals pants' back yard or as a school activity. social gathering where the eating of food for those years. However, participants could use school is usually the main activity. Only recrea- facilities after school hours. Organized tionists using facilities less than or equal Planning Process - A planning process normally participation such as club or church related to one day could qualify as picnickers. comprises a phased series of actions or was included. approaches directed toward solving identified Picnicking Area/Site - Refers to all space problem(s). By stating objectives and goals Participation Day - See: Activity Day (measured in acres) designated and used to be achieved, and a methodology or schedule as picnicking areas excepting s,ites used for attainment, a plan is specified. In the Peak Use Season - The two, three, or four primarily for camping. The activities TORP, the planning process is an 6n-going, month period during which an activity or picnicking and camping sometimes overlap, dyanamic set of approaches directed toward a park receives the highest monthly totals therefore, special designation is needed solving th-e recognized recreational problems of total annual participation. Normally, to eliminate double counting and get as in Texas. Since recreational patterns change heaviest participation for most activittes complete a view of each activity as pos- over time, the static portions of the process; is during the summer months. (However, sible by primary allocation of space. i.e., the documents; must be updated periodi- for hunting in Texas most activity occurs cally to keep the process continually viable. in the fall and winter months as does camp- Pier - See: Fishing Pier In Texas recreational planning, the planning ing along the Gulf Coast and in South Texas.) process integrates a statewide recreation Plan - (Also, see: Planning Process) There are information system for the purposes of improv- Picnic (Group table unit) - A large picnick- many types of plans most of which have similar 'ing and maintaining communication, cooperation, ing table unit for use by large groups of characteristics. In general, a plan consti- and coordination within the phases of the plan- people (measured in numbers of single tutes,the end produci of the planning process, ning process (i.e., step to step) and among tables it represents); e.g., family reun- which could be represented by a scheme, an the responsible entities in the State. ions, church groups, etc. The unit may approach, a schedule, a guide, a method, a include a central facility for serving technique, a program, or other pre-conceived Playground - (Also, see: Children's Play) food and may also provide some type of way of influencing things or events in the Developed land acres with apparatus such shelter from the weather. To estimate future. Most plans describe a process by as merry-go-rounds, swings, jungle gyms, single table equivalents , one needs only which objectives and goals stated in the plan see-saws, etc. to determine the length or area of one may be achieved or accomplished. Plinking - Shooting at, generally with a fire- group table; divide by length or area of Planning, Comprehensive - A specific type of arm, tin cans or similar targets. any single table unit, then multiply this result times the number of group units in planning process that involves development, the park (e.g., if a park has five group maintenance, review, evaluation, coordina- Pool - A man-made structure (usually concrete) units of the same approximate size, one tion, and updating of a single on-going plan, which contains water, measured in square of which is 36 feet long, and assuming one or coordinates two or more plans, in rela- yards, and is used for swimming. Also, an single table unit is six feet long, then tion to established (specified) objectives indoor recreational activity played on a the single table equivalent number is and/or goals. With respect to the TORP, table, but not considered in the TORP. arrived at by dividing 36' by 6' (36 emphasis is placed on providing the infor- divided by 6) and result is 6 single units mation and planning expertise necessary to Preservation - The process of protecting a per group unit. Total single table equi- relate the TORP objectives and goals with site or an area from damage, deterioration, valents is determined by multiplying the other types of plans such as The Texas Water development, or use in order to maintain, original five group units by six single Plan and regional transportation, waste in an unaltered state, the characteristics table equivalents (5 x 6) the result of disposal, or other plans (at any level of which make it valuable (i.e., saving it which is'30 total equivalent units.) government) to more effectively guide the for future use), .provision of outdoor recreation opportuni- ties in Texas. Private Entrepreneur/Enterprise - A private Picnic (Single table units) - A table unit citizen or business utilizing resources, designed to accommodate one or two pic- Planning Horizon - Recreational resource usually in a monetarily gainful manner, nicking families and normally includes requirements for selected activities were to provide recreational opportunities for provisions in the area for trash cans, estimated in the TORP for five different public consumption. drinking water and possibly lighting for years--1970, 1975, 1980, 1990, and 2000. night use. Generally this type of unit is Those planning years have been variously Private Supply, Recreation - Privately owned from six to eight feet in length and three called planning horizons, projection recreational resources and facilities made to four feet in width. years, target dates, etc., implying that available to the general public generally, those are the years that the plan is gen- but not always, for a fee. 520 @Programs, administrative - Any prearranged of repair state, maintenance of area and were required for active participation; policy and manpower managing methodology grounds, condition of water, etc. whereas, a seating capacity or number of or plan for effectively administering seats were required for spectators. Active the park and money resources made available Quantity - The magnitude in terms of areal recreation excluded spectator involvement. for recreational purposes. and numerical measurements of individual types of recreational resources and faci- Recreation, passive - (Also, see: Recreation, Programs, budgeting - Plans for managing the lities in discrete units (i.e., the number active) Participation in activities accounted accounting of funds, the capital invest- of picnic tables, the number of surface for by recreationists who are more sedentary ments, payments, operations, depreciations, acres of water, the number of-acres of in their pursuits and who often watch etc., associated with recreational resources. land, etc.) others actively participate, i.e., spectators, or this type is accounted for by those who Programs, Comprehensive Planning - (Also Quasi-public - Used to indicate a level of would observe, hear, feel, or sense in some- , see: administration which is neither public nor way rather than consume or use the resource. Planning Process) Means or methods b private but in-between having characteris- This type of activity usually requires little which comprehensive planning goals are tics of both. Usually the level of admin- physical exertion on the part of the recrea- achieved. istration has no governmental responsibil- tionist; however, some passive pursuits are ities and is usually considered a non-profit especially strenuous, such as bird watching, Programs, implementation - Means, methods, organization. Considered in TORP in the wildlife photography, etc. and/or schedules put into action for capacity of a resource manager that open accomplishing objectives or short and its resources to a limited segment of the Recreation, rural - outdoor recreation par- long range goals. public (e.g., boy or girl scouts, church ticipation occurring in a country atmosphere camps, private summer camps, etc.) and/or in communities of less than 200 in Programs, interpretive - (Also, see: Inter- population. pretive Facilities) Planned guidelines or Questionnaire - An instrument utilized to schedules for managing and utilizing inter- solicit or collect information. Several Recreation, urban - outdoor recreation par- pretive facilities and personnel associated types have been used for the TORP. For ticipation occurring in urbanized areas with recreational resources. a detailed discussion see the volume titled with populations of 200 people or more. A Statewide Recreation Information Syste . Programs, maintenance and operation - Planned Recreation and Open Space Plans - Those plan- schedules or guidelines for managing park Racing - A recreational activity involving ning instruments (or tools) generated by active or spectator participation in auto, regional planning entities (Councils of operations, the care of facilities and grounds, operational personnel, maintenance horse, motorcycle, dog, boat, and other Governments and Regional Planning Commis- personnel, and maintenance and operations categorical kinds of competition among sions) for purposes of assessing regional equipment. two or more competitors. recreation and open space resources in Ramps and Lanes, See: Boat Ramps order to provide these amenities in adequate Programs, recreation - Planned or prearranged quantities and qualities for regional needs. scheduling for the actual uses that recrea- Recommendations Suggestions for action. tional resources will be put to. For example, Recreation Area - (Also, see: Park) A land and/ many urban (and rural) communities have Recommended Responsibilities - State recom- or water area so named or otherwise designated "Learn-to-Swim" programs, while others pro- mendations pertaining to the planning and which is set aside for recreational purposes gram (i.e., determine) the use of games and provision of additional outdoor recreation and which has characteristics indistinguishable sports areas such as baseball fields and opportunities various levels and agencies in most cases from parks. In other words, tennis courts, and still others may have of government and the private sector should parks and recreation areas are generally cultural events scheduled. Many municipal- undertake, recognize, exercise, and signify considered to be synomonous. However, when ities schedule the use of all facilities so in accomplishing their respective responsi- a recreation area is considered to be a that as many persons as practical get to bilities in Texas from 1975-1980. large geographical area designated for re- utilize the resources. creation, such as the Lake Meredith National Recreation, active - (Also, see: Recreation, Recreation Area, there may be several "parks" Public Supply, Recreation - (Also, see: Private passive; Participant; and Spectator) That or "recreation areas" within the area. Supply, Recreation) Recreational resources portion of recreational participation which Recreational Activities - See: Activities, and facilities made available to the general is accounted for by persons who phy;ically Recreational public by governmental entities. exert themselves, often strenuously, while participating in the activity. Most often Quality - That characteristic which describes the activities where a distinction was made Regional Amusements or Attractions - Recrea- the relative value or condition of recrea- between active and passive recreation were tional resources or events with greater than tional resources and facilities in terms games and sports where fields and courts local appeal. Generally these resources 521 are considered to be of such quality that Residents, rural - Persons living in places Rural Area - Areas located outside urbanized recreationists will travel lengthy distances of less than 200 in population. areas where there are no residential areas to utilize. Examples of such attractions adjacent and in essentially an undeveloped might be the Sonoran or Longhorn Caverns, Residents, urban - Persons living in metro- or non-urban environment. May possibly the Astrodome, Six Flags, Searama, etc. politan areas, cities, towns, and commu- occur within a city's corporate limits; nities of 200 or more in population. however, there must be very sparse, if Regional Park - An area designated as a park any, development, and again the environ- having significance or appeal of greater ment or adjacent land uses must be rural than a local nature. Residents and Non-Residents - Texans who by in nature. virtue of the location of their residences Requirements, cumulative - A running total of have been categorized with respect to urban Rural Environments - (Also, see: Environment) all incremental requirements up to and areas. For any selected urban area there Those areas which are typified by country including the time period being considered. are residents and non-residents. Resident-- or countryside settings and surroundings In the example shown in the following defini- person or persons living in the respective and which are away from the residential, tion 1or 1970, the cumulative requirements urban area or group of urban areas under commercial, industrial, and other develop- would be 10; for 1975, 17; for 1980, 22; for consideration. Non-Resident-- person or ments of man. Those environments generally 1990, 27; and for 2000, 30. persons not living in the specified urban outside municipal limits and away from area but using recreational facilities residential subdivisions. Requirements, incremental (additions) - The within that urban area or group of urban number of units needed within a specified areas. Excludes recreationists from out- Sanitary Facilities - Normally, restrooms, time period, assuming that the units of of-state origins. with all showers, water closets (toilets), facilities needed for previous time periods wash basins, trash cans, etc., are con- have been provided. For example, if incre- Resource Requirements - See: Requirements, sidered as sanitary facilities. -However, mental requirements are cited as being 10 resource these facilities can be reduced to only picnic tables in 1970, 7 by 1975, 5 by 1990, chemical toilets. Additionally, in some and 3 by 2000, this can be interpreted as: cases in Texas, there are ancillary faci- Resources, land - The land and all other lities for waste treatment and disposal. Example: associated natural resources which lie 1. 1970 - 10 tables are needed in addi- ready for utilization. tion to the existing facilities. Seating Capacity - See: Capacity 2. 1975 - 7 additional tables will be Resources, natural - Actual and potential needed if 1970 resource requirements form of wealth or raw materials supplied Sightseeing - (Also, see: Driving for are satisfied. by nature and used to satisfy various human Pleasure) Driving, riding, or walking 3. 1980 - 5 additional tables will be needs and wants. to a particular destination or area needed if 1975 resource requirements for the purpose of viewing natural or are satisfied. Resources, recreation - The natural and cul- man-made attractions. Means of convey- 4. 1990 - 5 additional tables will be tural surroundings that provide the basis ance could include walking, motorcycle, needed if 1980 resource requirements for and contribute to enjoyable recreation car, bus, train', boat, airplane, horse, are satisfied. experiences. Recreational resources are etc. 5. 2000 - 3 additional tables will be a part of our larger store of natural needed if 1990 resource requirements resources. Used synonymously with land, Single Unit Campsites - See: Campsites are satisfied. facilities and/or water available for recreational use. Skiing - A recreational activity that Requirements, resource - Those resource and involves the participant moving freely facility development goals specified in Rifle and Pistol - See: Sport Shooting or being pulled over some supporting the TORP as needed in a specified planning medium, i.e., water, snow, or sand; horizon year. The accomplishment of these Rifle Targets - See: Sport Shooting on runners of wood, fiberglass, plastic specified requirements implies fulfillment or metal attached to the feet. Water of estimated demands for the selected Rodeo - A recreational activity that in- skiing was the primary type; however, geographic area or for the state as a whole, cludes both active and spectator parti- snow and sand (as in Monahans State Park) based on the methodology utilized in the cipation. School and professional rodeo were evaluated and included. TORP. participants were excluded. Small Community - Municipalities which had Residents, out-of-state - Person or persons Rodeo, Number of Arenas and Seats - The between 200 and 2,499 population in the residing outside of Texas but using re- number of arenas in all parks and the 1970 census, and which were not contiguous creational facilities within the State. total approximate seating capacity. to a metropolitan area. 522 Soccer - A variation of football in which a shooting facilities) giving an indica- process in Texas and is used to transfer, "soccer ball" is kicked, bumped, butted, tion of how widespread or prevalent or exchange, recreational information. or otherwise (excepting the use of a they are in Texas and how important As a coordinating tool, it is conceptually players hands or forearms) propelled they are to the activity Of sport envisioned as the link between involved toward an opponents goal. The goal keeper shooting overall. entities and the phases or steps of the for each side is allowed to touch or strike Archery: Number of targets - An enumer- planning process. Via the SRIS, information with the forearms or hands. Officially is collected, edited, stored, analyzed, referred to in the United States as "associ- ation of fixed or mobile target units synthesized, documented, and disseminated ation football." (comprised by designated sport shooting for purposes of determining and monitoring .facilities) giving an indication of how the status of recreational opportunities Spatial Distribution @ The geographic distri- widespread or prevalent they are in Texas versus recreational demand. (Further dis- bution of the types and numbers of recrea- and how important they are to the activity cussions are provided in the volume A tion areas and facilities in relation to of sport shooting overall. Statewide Recreation Information Syste the user populations in an individual urbanized area, among the urban areas of Standard - (Also, see: Opportunity Days) an analytical region or in the rural areas Standards are of many varied types when Supply - A schedule of the quantities of a of a region, etc. related to recreation. In the TORP, a particular good or service that would be standard is the average number of outdoor made available for purchase in a specified Specialty Park - (Also, see: Urban Park; and recreation opportunities, measured in par- period of time at all alternative prices, Games and Sports) An urban park containing ticipation days, which can be provided by holding all other factors (such as income, facilities for only one of the four major one unit of a specified outdoor recreation population, consumers' tastes and prefer- urban activities: games and sports, any one facility per unit of time, given the current ences, etc.,) constant. of which would qualify; picnicking; child- participation patterns and preferences of ren's play, i.e., playgrounds; or swimming. outdoor recreationists. Supply, outdoor recreation - (Also, see: Supply) The amount of acreage was not a factor and A schedule of the quantities of outdoor any number of units for the facility type Standards, facilities - See: Standards resources and/or facilities that would be could be pre'sent. made available for use (in terms of oppor- State Actions - Those approaches or programs tunity days, numbers and/or areal quantities, Spectator - (Also, see: Participant) 'An utilized (implemented) by state agencies units, etc.) over some period of time at all individual who engaged.in the observance in general' and the Texas Parks and Wildlife alternative costs (of utilization or purchase) of an organized activity. Department in particular, for solving recrea- to the consumer, holding all other factors tion problems in the State. (such as income, population, consumer's Sport Shooting - A recreational activity in tastes and preferences, etc.) constant. which the recreationists use equipment such State Agencies - Institutions of the Texas Also, a generic term referring to the num- as rifles, shotguns, bows and arrows, sling- government. As they are related to recrea- ber and areal quantity,of opportunities shots,- etc., to shoot at inanimate objects tion, state agencies are categorized by made available for the outdoor recreational such as targets. Included plinking and/or their levels of influence on the provision purposes of the general public. target shooting, field; skeet and/or trap, of recreational opportunities as a ' function competitive or non-competitive; target, of the agency. An agency may have recrea- Surface Acres @ (Also, see: Units) Units of competitive; and other miscellaneous kinds tion as a primary or secondary function, or measurement ascribed to water resources. of shooting. the agency may provide technical or financial assistance to those state agencies and poli- Surfing - A recreational activity in which tical subdivisions which do provide recrea- the recreationist rides the crests of waves Sport Shooting Facilities - All skeet (trap) tional opportunities. toward shore usually on a board used for apparatus, rifle and pistol targets, and support, but "body surfing" is included. archery targets. Statewide Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plans (SCORP) - (Also, see: Land and Water Surplus Opportunity Days See: Opportunity Trap and Skeet: Number of traps - An Conservation Fund) Each state which chooses Days, surplus enumeration of target throwing units to participate in the Land and Water Conser- counted to give an indication of how vation Fund program must develop a SCORP. Swimming - A recreational activity in which widespread or pr 'evalent they are in The SCORP for Texas is titled the Texas Out- the recreationists float on or move in, Texas and how important they are to the door Recreation Plan. through, or across a body of water. Par- activity of sport shooting overall. ticipation, as considered in the TORP, Statewide Recreation Information System (SRIS) could occur indoors or outdoors but not Rifle and Pistol: Number of targets - (Also, see: Planning Process) A statewide in the household's backyard or as a school An enumeration of fixed or mobile target intercommunication network which is an activity. However, school facilities units (comprised by designated sport integral part of the recreation planning could be used after school hours. Types 523 of swimming include from scuba and skin Tennis Courts, Number of - (Also see: riding. Generally, these trails can accom- diving to a child splashing in the shallow Unit) An enumeration of courts on which modate two or more horses abreast and have end, at a lake, pond, tank, river, ocean, official, standard, regular, or organized some overhead clearance (approximately 15 pool, or drainage ditch. Indoor swimming doubles matches can be played. feet) provided. Riding arenas, race tracks was not used in calculations of require- (unless part of trail), etc., were excluded. ments in the.TORP. Tent Site - See: Campsites Trails, Miles of - See: Trails Facilities Swimming, Area - See: Designated Swimming Texas Outdoor Recreation Plan (TORP) - Area (Also, see: Planning Process) The on- Trails, Multi-Use - a trail that was designated going recreation planning process in and specifically for combined trails activities Swimming, Designated Area - See: Designated for the State of Texas,'periodically up- such as walking, hiking, and nature study. Swimming Area dated and subsequently documented for the purpose of guiding the provision of ade- Trails, Nature and/or Interpretive (designated) Swimming Facilities, Designated - See: quate recreational opportunities to support See: Nature and/or Interpretive Trails Designated Swimming Area the recreational activities of all Texans and their visitors from other states and Trails, Walking for Pleasure/Hiking - All trails Swimming Pools (total square yards) - An countries. Also, the title of the state- which were designated as walking and/or hiking enumeration of the total number of square wide recreation planning documents. trails and on which the primary use is by yards of all publicly available outdoor walking and/or hiking enthusiasts. Hiking pools. Includes only water surface area. Toilets - enumerated to indicate the occur- trails are generally longer and require more Includes wading pools. Excludes pool side rence of sanitary facilities. strenuous physical exertion than walking. walking surface, buildings, and grounds. Total Land Acres - The sum of recreation land Trails'Facilities (Length in Miles; Only Targets - See: Sport Shooting acres developed with facilities plus un- Designated Trails were included) - total developed land acres devoted to recreation. number and total miles of designated trails Technical Assistance - Providing advise or in a park. The total number of trails for expertise, (i.e., manpower and often a@l types and the sum of their'lengths in machines and operators) not normally avail- Towns - Any urbanized area of 2,500 to 9,999 miles. able to the recipient through the recip- population which was not within or contiguous ient's organizational structure. Many of to a metropolitan area in the 1970 census. Trap and Skeet - See: Sport Shooting the exacting skills of the recreation plan- ning and design experts cannot be feasibly Trail - Any path, passage, route, etc., Traps, Number of - See: Sport Shooting utilized on a long term basis-by local specifically designated for trail acti- entities and thus Must be provided by vities, e.g., nature study and/or apprecia- Trends - The ways, directions, or tendencies a more centralized entity available to tion, hiking, walking for pleasure, bicycl- recreational patterns or influencing factors those with limited resources. ing, horseback riding, multi-use, etc. in Texas appear to be changing or developing Measured in linear miles in the TORP. over time, given past and existing circum- Techniques of Analysis - See: Analytical stances. Techniques. Also, see volume of TORP Trail Activities - Recreational pursuits which titled, Techniques of Analysis. involve walking, hiking, or riding on a Trips, combined weekday and weekend - Trips trail or route. occurring on one or more days of the week, Tennis - A recreational activity (a game i.e., Monday through Friday, plus Saturday or sport) involving the use of rackets, Trailer and Pickup Camper Site - See: Campsites and/or Sunday. balls, a net, and a court on which two recreationists compe@te in singles, or Trails, Bicycle Route (Designated) See: Trips, weekday - Trips occurring anytime during two pairs of recreationist compete in Bicycle Route Monday through Friday. doubles matches. The matches involve hitting a ball back and forth across a Trails, Bicycle Trail (Designated) See: Trips, weekend - Trips occurring anytime during net stretched and bisecting the length Bicycle Trail Saturday-and/or Sunday. of a rectangular court. Also involves strenuous physical exertion. Tennis Trails, Handicapped (designated or adapted Undesignated - Those resources which are played on a home or private court, (i.e., for) - Any trails having special adapta- used for recreational purposes but have not publicly available), at school as tions for handicapped persons or those no official designation. a school curriculum activity, or as a trails constructed for their use. professional match was not included. Undeveloped Land - The total number of land Tennis played using school facilities Trails, Horseback Riding (designated) - The acres in parks that do not comprise re- after school hours was considered. length of trails devoted to equestrian creational facilities constructed by man. 524 Unit - The numerical designation assigned to those sections projected by local urban/ Water; lake, reservoir, pond, tank Inland recreational facilities by type and re- recreation planners to grow most signifi- bodies of water. sources by area to enable recreation plan- cantly from 1971. Areas around a metro ners to assess the quantities of available area which are changing most rapidly from Water, fresh - Bodies'and courses of water recreational opportunities. The following rural to urban land uses. before reaching saltwater. are units enumerated in the TORP by type of facility: Urban Park - A park within or adjacent to Water, river or stream - Inland water courses. Type Resource Unit municipal limits excepting those parks in rural environments. For example, no Water, suitable (for recreation purposes) - Archery Target residential areas adjacent and which are That portion of the water bodies in the Baseball Field essentially in a countryside environment. State which can support three selected Basketball Court Most parks within city limits will, there- water-related recreational activities. Boat Ramp Lane fore, be urban and most.parks outside As used in the TORP, suitable water was Camping Campsite city limits will be rural, but not always. considered that portion of freshwater Fishing Pier Linear Yard lakes and reservoirs suitable to support Football Field Use Intensity - An average measurement or the activities of boating, skiing, and Games and Sports Court/Field/Hole estimation by park superintendents of boat fishing. Unsuitable waters for the Golf Hole how heavily (percent full) a park and/or three activities were considered those Land Acre its facilities are being used during a which were too shallow, too small in Picnicking Table typical peak use week (Monday through Sun- area, had excessive debris, or were other- Playground Acre day). Measured during the peak use season, wise unsafe. River Linear Mile gives an indication of the park capacity Sport Shooting Target or Trap to attract and support recreationists. Stream Linear Mile Water, surface acres - The units assigned to Swimming Pool Square Yard recreational water to enumerate freshwater Tennis Court Also, can give an indication of over- resources for purposes of the -TORP. Trail Linear Mile crowding or insufficient facilities. Volleyball Courtc Weekday use intensity is a measurement Water, within - That water wholly contained Water Surfs e Acre of participation on the five weekdays within parks and recreation areas boundaries. Other Number Monday through Friday. Weekend use intensity is a measurement of partici- Water Adjacent - That water at which a park Units, by activity and/or facility type In pation on Saturdays and Sundays. or recreation area can provide public re- order to effectively inventory recreational creational access, i.e., by means of water resources, typically the major facility Volleyball - Recreational activity normally frontage, public boat ramps, etc. required to support a given activity was considered a game requiring a net (sus- enumerated or measured by the lowest com- pended at a given height) and a court over mon measurement normally assigned to the which two opponent teams, normally six Water Lengtia in Miles Adjacent to or Within - facility type. In the TORP recreational persons per team, attempt to maintain a Parks which have continually running water supply, demand, and resource requirements ball in flight over the net by bouncing from a river or stream within the park for selected activities are expressed in the ball with head or hands from person boundaries, length in statute miles (for comparable units. Numbers and areal to person for a limited number of times the length within the park) was specified. quantities of existing resources (and/or on each side of the net until the ball If a park was adjacent to a river or stream, facilities) were considered the major touches the ground. A point is lost if only the length to which the park was adja- indicators of supply and/or opportunity. ball touches ground inside a team's por- cent to and not the entire length of the tion of court. river or stream was specified. Units Per Thousand - Ratio of resource units to a selected population; determined by Wading Pool - Normally, a shallow pool that Water within or adjacent - The total surface dividing the number of units by the selected is two feet or less in depth and is not acres of all lakes, ponds, or tanks within population (in 000's). part of a larger pool. or adjacent to the boundaries of parks. Swimming pools were not included. Water Urban - Within municipal limits of a metro- Walking for Pleasure - A recreational acti- adjacent to refers to any water,which may politan area, city, town, or small commu- vity involving traversing or moving over, be located on the park boundary and is nity (population over 200) unless located through, or by an area on foot for the accessible from the park- Water within in a sparsely developed environment. pleasure or enjoyment of the pursuit it- refers to any water which is either im- self. This could include use of designated pounded in or running through the park. Urban Growth Areas - Sections and general trails or paths. This is one of the few directions (of metropolitan areas) that activities which could begin immediately Zoos, Acres of - Areas including only those were experiencing rapid development, or upon leaving the house. acres with zoo facilities. 525 a =A11k MKA11k LISTING OF METROPOLITAN AREAS: CORE CITIES AND CONTIGUOUS URBAN AREAS (POPULATIONS 50,000 AND OVER IN 1970) Planning Region Core City Contiguous Areas Planning Region Core City Contiguous Areas Region I Amarillo --- Region 17 San Angelo --- Region 4 Lubbock Region 18 Midland Region 5 Wichita Falls --- Region 18 Odessa --- Region 7 Abilene --- Region 20 Waco Bellmead Woodway Region 10 Fort Worth Arlington Robinson Haltom City Lacy-Lakevie. Hurst Beverly Hills North Richland Hills Northcrest White Settleent Bedford Region 21 Bryan-College Station --- Richland Hills Forest Hills Region 23 Austin Westlake Hills River Oaks Rollingwood Benbrook Sunset Valley Lake Worth Village Sansom Park Village Region 25 Houston Pasadena Westworth Village Bellaire Kennedale West University Place Saginaw Deer Park Pantego South Houston Edgecliff Village Galena Park Dalworthington Gardens Jacinto City Westover Hills La Porte Nassau Bay Region 11 Dallas Irving Bunker Hill Village Garland Hunters Creek Village Mesquite Seabrook Grand Prairie Hedwig Village Richardson Spring Valley Famers Branch Piney Point Village University Park Lomax Village Duncanville Carrollton Region 27 Beaumont-Port Arthur Groves Lancaster Nederland Balch Springs Port Neches Highland Park Pear Ridge Kleberg Lakeview Seagoville Griffing Park Cockrell Hill Hutchins Region 28 Galveston-Texas City La Marque Region 12 Shaman-Denison --- Region 29 El Paso --- Region 13 Texarkana --- Region 33 Corpus Christi --- Region 14 Tyler --- Region 34 Brownsville-Harlingen- Rio Hondo San Benito Region 16 San Antonio Alamo Heights Castle Hills Region 34 McAllen-Edinburg-Pharr Mission Terrell Hills San Juan Windcrest Kirby Region 35 Laredo --- Balcones Heights Ol.os Park Leon Valley SOURCE: 1970 Bureau of Census 526 LL66 ZOOOO 8999 C AAMI Av AA