[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]
If7- Coastal Zone, Informati ion Center r, Jeri Outdoor Recrea'tion in New ey lit NI IA Ik 4- C Ar b Y N , GV 191 .42 4 N5 N48 1973 4, WOR 54, 03 9 OUTDOOR RECREATION IN NEW JERSEY New Jersey Statewide, Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plan 1973 U . S - DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NOA k COASTAL SERVICES CENTER 2234 SOUTH HOBSON AVENUE CHARLESTON , SC @W5-24 13 Property of CSC Library State of New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection r'.j Office of Environmental Review C-1 ST_A,TB OV NIE@w JIERSE:-e OPPICE 0V @rtlE GCVYjaN0R T ... @ow WILLIAM T. CAHILL Dear Mr. Watt: My office has reviewed the 1972 New Jersey Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plan prepared by our Department of Environmental Protection, which is the designated State agency responsible for the preparation and maintenance of the plan. We are pleased to endorse this plan, and we anticipate no significant deviation in its final printed version. New Jersey has a vigorous, on-going outdoor recreation program. I am asking that every consideration be given to the early review of this plan in order to continue our participation under the Land and Water Conservation Fund Program. As the official State document, the plan will profoundly influence New Jersey's outdoor recreation development, and will help the State achieve its goal of providing quality outdoor recreation for all its citizens. Mr. James G. Watt, Director Bureau of Outdoor Recreation U.S. Department of the Interior Washington, D. C. 20240 April 3, 1973 CONTENTS List of Tables, Maps and Graphs .......... I .......... iv IV Supply of Water Resources .................... 63 Ground Water ................................ 63 Introduction ................................... 1 Rivers and Streams ............................. 65 Legal Authority ................................ 1 Canals ...................................... 68 Goals and Objectives .......................... 1 Atlantic Coastline ............................ 69 Scope of Plan ................................ 1 Estuarine Areas .............................. 7-1 Plan Maintenance .............................. 3 Lakes, Ponds and Reservoirs .................... 72 Summary of Findings and Recommendations ........ 4 V Needs: Open Space, Water Resources, Facilities ..... 78 State Characteristics and Resources ................ 9 Population and Socio-Economic Characteristics ...... 9 Open Space ................................... 78 Historical Background ........................ 12 Water Resources ......... I ........ I .I ......... 84 Natural Resources ............................ 14 Facilities .................................... 92 Cultural and Historical Resources ................ 22 V11 Urban Needs Study ........................... 136 Tra nsportation ................................ 23 Su pply-Demand- Needs Analysis ................ 138 New Jersey Study Regions ...................... 25 Conclusion ................................... 144 Outdoor Recreation Demand ..................... 28 V1111 Legislation and Related Actions .................. 151 Outdoor Recreation Demand Determination ........ 28 Legislation .................................. 151 Outdoor Recreation Demand - 1970 ............. * 37 Executive Orders ............................ 158 Outdoor Recreation Demand 1985 and 2000 ...... 40 V111 Action Plan ................................. 159 Supply of Land Resources ........................ 42 Priorities and Recommendations ................ 159 Existing and Proposed Supply of Recreation Scheduled Program of Action - 1971-1977 ........ 165 Resources .............................. 42 Funding .................................... 172 Supply of Developed Outdoor Recreation Future Legislation and Related Actions .......... 179 Facilities ................................ 56 Future Supply of Developed Outdoor Recreation IX Related Programs ............................ 185 Facilities ................................ 61 X Continuing Planning ........................... 190 New Jersey's Historic Resources ................ 61 Inventories ................................ 190 New Jersey's Significant Natural Areas ............ 62 Special Studies ............................... 191 Appendices, Appendix A- Legal Citations .................. 201 Appendix K -Proposed State Reservoirs - Appendix B -Methodology of Demand Existing Acreage - 1971 .................. 211 Derivation .............................. 202 Appendix L-State Miscellaneous Areas- Appendix C - Federal Recreation Areas - 1971 .................................. 212 1971 .................................. 207 Appendix M - Historic Sites .................... 212 Appendix D - State Parks - 1971 ................ 207 Appendix N - Natural Areas .................... 216 Appendix E - State Forests - 1971 .............. 208 Appendix 0 - Land and Water Conservation Appendix F -State Recreation Areas - 1971 ...... 208 Fund in New Jersey (1965-1972) ............ 219 Appendix 'G -State Natural Areas - 19 71 ........ 208 Appendix P-Selected References .............. 224 Appendix H - State Marinas - 1971 .............. 209 Appendix Q -Map -.Major Public Open Space Appendix I -State Historic Sites - 1971 .......... 209 and Recreation Areas in New Jersey Appendix J -State Fish and Wildlife Management Areas - 1971 ................ 210 TABLES, MAPS AND GRAPHS State Characteristics and Resources Table 2-Recreation Sphere of Influence, Population Forecasts- 1970,1985,2000 ............................................ 32 Map -Population Density 1970, New Jersey ...................... 9 Graph - Relationship of Age to Recreation Participation ............ 33 Table 1 -Population Trends by Age Groups, New Jersey, Northeast, Graph -Occupational Category and Recreation Participation, Labor United States 1960 and 1970 .................................. 11 Force, June-August, 1960, United States, Northeast ................ 34 Table 2-Population Composition by Age Groups, New Jersey, Graph -Educational Achievement and Recreation Participation, Northeast, United States 1960 and 1970 .......................... 11 Persons 25 Years and Over, June-August, 1960 .................... 34 Graph -Occupational Distribution, 1960-1970, New Jersey North- Graph -Family Income and Recreation Participation, June-August, , east, United States ....................................... ... 12 1960 ...................................................... 34 Graph -Educational Achievement, 1960-1970, New Jersey, North- Table 3 -Ranking by Popularity of Twenty-three Outdoor Recreation east, United States .......................................... 12 Activities, 1970 ............................................ 38 Graph -Family Income, 1960-1970, New Jersey, Northeast, United Table 4 - Recreation Demand in New Jersey, Average Weekend Day States .................................................... 12 in Peak Season, 1970 ........................................ 38 Map -Geologic Features, New Jersey .......................... 14 Table 5 -Outdoor Recreation Demand, 1970, 1985, 2000 ............ 40 Map -Scenic Views and Features, New Jersey .................... 16 Table 6 - Recreation Demand in New Jersey, Average Weekend Day Map - Physical Factors Affecting Development, New Jersey ........ 17 in Peak Season, 1985 .................... ............. 40 Map - Forest Resources and Plan Life, New Jersey ................ 19 Table 7 - Recreation Demand in New Jersey, Average Weekend Day Map -Wildlife Resources, New Jersey .......................... 21 in the Peak Season, 2000 .................................... 41 Map -Fishery Resources, New Jersey ........................... 22 Table 8 -The Twelve Fastest Growing Activities, Demand on the Map -The Region, Urban Area Population (SMSAs) ................ 24 Average Weekend Day in Peak Season .......................... 41 Map -New Jersey Recreation Study Regions .................... 25 Outdoor Recreation Demand Supply of Land Resources Map- Megalopolis, Recreational Sphere of Influence,. and New Table 1 -Existing Recreation Land, 1970 ........................ 42 Jersey .............................. ''*****''** ............ 30 Table 2 - Proposed Recreation *Land ............................ 43 Table 1 - New Jersey Population Forecasts, 1970, 1985, 2000 ........ 32 Table 3 - Future Total Recreation Land .......................... 43 iv Table 4 - Existing and Proposed Federal Recreation Land .......... 45 Map - Major Lakes, Ponds, and Reservoirs, New Jersey ............ 76 Table 5 -Federal Recreation Areas and Palisades Interstate Area, Map@Major Reservoir Sites-Existing, Potential and Lost, New Developed Recreational Facilities, 1970 45 Jersey .................................................... 77 Table 6 - Existing State Recreation Land, 1971 .................... 47 Table 7 - Proposed and Future State Recreation Land .............. 47 Needs: Open Space, Water Resources, Facilities Table 8 -State Parks, Developed Recreational Facilities, 1970 ...... 48 Table 1 - Open Space Guidelines for New Jersey .................. 79 Table 9 -State Forests, Developed Recreational Facilities, 1970 ...... 48 Table 2 - Open Space Recreation Land Needs by Region ............ 81 Table 10- State Recreation Areas, Marinas and Miscellaneous Table 3 -Open Space Recreation Land Needs by Jurisdiction ........ 81 Areas, Developed Recreational Facilities, 1970 .................... 49 Table4-Facility Capacity Deficits for Water-Based Recreation Tablell-State Fish and Wildlife Management Areas, Developed Activities ..... ................. ***'* .......... 85 Recreational Facilities, 1970 .................................. 50 Table 5 - Suggested Activity Standards for New Jersey ............ 100 Table 12 -Existing and Proposed County Recreation Land .......... 52 Table 6 - 1985 Out Region Demand ............................ 101 Table 13-County Developed Recreational Facilities, 1970 .......... 52 Map -Northwest Region .................................... 102 Table 14 -Existing and Proposed Municipal Recreation Land ........ 54 Table 7 - Northwest Region, Present and Future Developed Recrea- Table 15-Municipal Developed Recreational Facilities, 1970 ........ 54 tional Facility Needs ........................................ 103 Table 16 -Existing Private Sector Land Supply, 1970 .............. 55 Map -North Central Region .................................. 107 Table 17 -Private Developed Recreational Facilities, 1970 ...... __ 56 Table 8 - North Central Region, Present and Future Developed Rec- Table 18 - New Jersey's Supply of Developed Recreational Facilities reational Facility Needs ...................................... 109 -Jurisdictional Analysis, 1970 ................................ 56 Map -Northeast Region .................................... 111 Table 19 - New Jersey's Supply of Developed Recreational Facilities Table 9 -Northeast Region, Present and Future Developed Recrea- -Regional Analysis, 1970 .................................... 57 tional Facility Needs ........................................ 113 Table 20 -Northwest Region, Developed Recreational Facilities, Map -Central Corridor Region ................................ 116 1970 ...................................................... 57 Table 10 -Central Corridor Region, Present and Future Developed Table 21 -North Central Region, Developed Recreational Facilities, Recreational Facility Needs .................................. 117 1970 ................. 58 Map - North Shore Region .................................. 120 Table 22 -Northeast Region, Developed Recreational Facilities, Table 11 -North Shore Region, Present and Future Developed Rec- 1970 ...................................................... 58 reational Facility Needs ...................................... 121 Table 23 -Central Corridor Region, Developed Recreational Facili- Map -Southwest Region .................................... 124 ties, 1970 .................................................. 59 Table 12-Southwest Region, Present and Future Developed Rec- Table 24- North Shore Region, Developed Recreational Facilities, reational Facility Needs ...................................... 126 1970 ...................................................... 59 Map -South Shore Region .................................. 128 Table 25 -Southwest Region, Developed Recreational Facilities, Table 13 -South Shore Region, Present and Future Developed Rec- 1970 ...................................................... 60 reational Facility Needs ...................................... 129 Table 26 -South Shore Region, Developed Recreational Facilities, Map -Delaware Bay Region .................................. 132 1970 ...................................................... 60 Table 14-Delaware Bay Region, Present and Future Developed Table 27 -Delaware Bay Region, Developed Recreational Facilities, Recreational Facility Needs .................................. 133 1970 ...................................................... 61 Urban Needs Study Supply of Water Resources Map-Urban Needs Study, New Jersey ........................ 138 Map -Ground Water Regions, New Jersey ...................... 64 Table 1 - 153 Urban Municipalities, Population Data, 1970 .......... 139 Map -Major Rivers and Streams, New Jersey ....... *''***'*** ... 66 Table 2- Facilities Included in Urban Needs Study and Percent Table 1 A -New Jersey's Atlantic Coastline, Ownership, 1969 ........ 70 Municipal Responsibility .................................... 140 Table 1 B - New Jersey's Atlantic Coastline, Shoreline Used For Rec- Table 3-Supply of Municipally Owned Urban Recreation Facilities, reation, 1969 .................. 70 1971 ................................ ................... 140 Table 2 -Lakes, Ponds, and Reservoirs Inventory, 1970 ............ 73 Table 4-Types of Urban Municipal Parks ...................... 141 Table 3 - Reservoirs Inventory, 1970 ............................ 74 Table 5 -Standards Used for Deriving Demand in Urban New Table 4- Major Reservoirs, (over150acres) .................... 75 Jersey .................................................. 142 Table 6-1970 Urban Demand ................................ 142 Table 14 - Interstate Scheduled Development, 1971-1977 Table 7 -1970 Urban Facilities Demand by Region ................ 142 (cost) .................................................... 174 Table 8 -Facility Needs and Percent Demand Being Met by Existing Table15-Federal Scheduled Acquisition Program, 1971-1977 Supply, Statewide and by Region, 153 Urban Municipalities, 1971 .... 143 (cost) .................................................... 175 Table16-Federal Scheduled Development Program, 1971-1977 Action Plan (cost) .................................................... 175 Table 1 -Scheduled Land Acquisition Program, 1971-1977 ........ 166 Continuing Planning Program Table 2 -Federal and Interstate Recreation Facilities Scheduled for Development, 1971-1977 .................................... 168 Graph -Continuing Planning Program, Time Work Schedule ........ 198 Table 3-State Recreation Facilities Scheduled for Development, 1971-1977 ................................................. 168 Methodology of Demand Derivation, Appendix B Table 4 -County Facilities Scheduled for Development, 1971-1977 171 Table I -Derivation of the Activity Rate for Swimming ............ 203 Table 5- Municipal Facilities Scheduled for Development, 1971- Table 2 -Activity and Recreation Days Per Person in 1970, 1985 and 1977 ................... 171 2000 .................................................... 203 Table6-Sources of Funds for Scheduled Acquisition Programs, Map - Influence Area For Away Demand ........................ 205 1971-1977 ....................... 172 Table 3 -Vacations and Trips Away Demand in New Jersey, 1970 .... 205 Table 7 -Sources of Funds for Scheduled Development Programs, Table 4 -Outing Away Demand in New Jersey, 1970 .............. 206 1971-1977 ................................................ 172 Table 5 -Away Demand Distribution .......................... 207 Table 8 - Municipal Scheduled Acquisition Program, 1971-1977 Table 6 -Peaking Factors, Natural Ice Skating .................. 207 (cost) ............ . *........ 173 Land and Water Conservation Fund Table 9 - Municipal Scheduled Development Program, 1971-1977 (cost) .................................................... 173 in New Jersey (1965-1972), Appendix 0 Table 10- County Scheduled Acquisition Program , 1971-1977 Table 1 -Land and Water Conservation Fund In New Jersey, Federal (cost) .................................................... 173 Funds Approved For Projects, Project Breakdown, 1965-1972 ...... 219 Tablell-County Scheduled Development Program, 1971-1977 Table 2- Land and Water Conservation Fund In New Jersey, Federal (cost) .................................................... 173 Funds Approved For Projects, Regional Breakdown, 1965-1972 ...... 221 Table 12-State Scheduled Acquisition Program , 1971-1977 Table 3- Land and Water Conservation Fund In New Jersey, Facili- (cost) .................................................... 174 ties Constructed Through Local Projects By Region, 1965-1972 ...... 222 Table 13-State Scheduled Development Program, 101-1977 Map-Land and Water Conservation Fund Projects, 1965-1972, (cost) .................................................... 174 New Jersey .............................................. 223 vi INTRODUCTION LEGAL AUTHORITY resources through a rational program of recommendations and New Jersey possesses the legal authority to participate action. The plan has been prepared to meet the following spe- in the Land and Water Conservation Fund Program under cific objectives: provisions of New Jersey Statutes Annotated 13-1B-65 and 1. To identify deficiencies in outdoor recreation opportunities 13AD-9(r) which state in part "... The department (of in New Jersey and to suggest various means for correcting Environmental Protection) shall in addition to the power and these deficiencies. duties vested in it by this act or any other law have the power 2. To promote access to outdoor areas providing quality rec- to, . . . with the approval of the Governor, cooperate with, apply reation experiences for all New Jersey citizens. for, receive and expend funds from, the Federal Govern- 3. To outline the responsibilities of the various levels of ment - " government and the private sector in the field of outdoor The Governor's approval was granted in his letter to Mr. G. recreation. Douglas Hofe, Jr. of May 13, 1970 then Director of the Bureau 4. To illustrate the need for preserving outstanding scenic, of Outdoor Recreation which states in part ". . . Commissioner cultural, historic and natural resources. (of Environmental Protection) Sullivan, acting in the capacity 5. To provide a basis for the priority distribution of Land and of State Liaison Officer, will have full authority and responsi- Water Conservation Fund monies. bility to accept and administer funds paid for approved Land and Water Conservation Fund projects." SCOPE OF PLAN GOALS AND OBJECTIVES With increased leisure time, open space and outdoor rec- reation facilities will play an increasingly important role in pro- The principal goals of the 1973 Statewide Comprehensive viding a desirable environment for present and future residents Outdoor Recreation Plan are the continual accumulation of data of New Jersey. The primary responsibility for open space on the supply of open space, water resources and outdoor planning is a public one. Not only is there growing recognition recreation facilities, the degree and nature of demand for out- of the nature of the problem, but there also exists a widespread door recreation opportunities, the deficiencies and surpluses acceptance of the fact that the problems will have to be solved of available resources in meeting present and projected de- through governmental action. mands, and the development of a framework for the orderly The 1973 Statewide Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation planning, acquisiticn, and development of the State's natural Plan represents an effort by the State to evaluate New Jersey's present and future needs relating to the provision of outdoor applied to 1970 census data for New Jersey and the Recreation recreation opportunities. The plan seeks to survey available Sphere of Influence population (portions of New York, Penn- resources, to determine demand for outdoor recreation oppor- sylvania, Maryland and Delaware) as welf as revised population tunities, to recommend an action program to meet existing and projections for 1985 and 2000. projected deficiencies, and to provide a basis for priority al- A second special study was undertaken to focus on the location of Land and Water Conservation Fund monies. recreation needs of urban areas, a topic recommended for Because the 1973 Statewide Comprehensive Outdoor Rec- separate examination in the continuing planning program of the reation Plan was undertaken as an update of the 1966 plan, the 1966 plan. The study was undertaken in two parts. The first was basic supply-demand-nee6s methodology used in 1966 was re- a general background survey of the relevant literature and a peated in 1973. To make the process more reflective of the series of interviews with public officials in urban, municipalities. changes which have occurred since 1966, however, new infor- The review identified problems and potential solutions for mation on supply and demand was used. improving recreational opportunities In densely populated The inventory of publicly owned open space lands and out- areas. The second phase of the study was a supply-demand- door recreation facilities for thirteen activities, three more needs analysis of municipally owned facilities in urban com- (bicycling, outdoor games and sports, and artificial ice skating) munities in New Jersey for activities usually sought close to than were included in the 1966 plan, were completely updated. home. The analysis was based on a "Municipal Outdoor Rec- Data on the county and municipal resources were gathered by reation Survey" first conducted in 1968 and a similar inventory sending questionnaires for completion by each local jurisdic- concentrating on the urban areas conducted in 1971. In all, tion. The federal and state inventories were updated by staff of 153 municipalities were included in the study based on criteria the Department of Environmental Protection. The inventory of of gross population, population density or population growth private open space lands was not reinventoried and only a rate. Participation rates and demand for the activities were de- sample survey to check changes in the supply of recreation rived from recreation standards adapted to the urban environ- facilities was conducted. Since no significant changes were ment. found in manr of the facility totals, the 1966 inventory was In addition, two studies conducted by the Department of considered adequate for use in the 1973 plan for all but four Environmental Protection were incorporated into the 1973 plan. activities: camping, snow skiing, hiking and horseback riding. The first was an inventory of designated historic sites con- An in depth inventory of the existing facilities for each of these ducted by the Department's Historic Sites Section. This study activities was undertaken for the updated plan by staff of the is part of a master plan being developed for the identification Department of Environmental Protection. and protection of buildings, sites and areas of historic signifi- A special new survey was conducted for the 1973 plan to cance undertaken as part of a program under the National provide information lacking in the earlier plan on the State's Park Service. The second was an inventory of previously iden- freshwater resources. Each lake, pond and reservoir was listed tified natural areas and areas of unique natural significance by name, surface acreage, location (municipality and county), which should be acquired or protected. This study was prepared ownership, whether open to public recreational use and what by the Department's Natural Areas Section. was considered its primary use. Totals by county and planning As part of the planning process, extensive consideration region provided the basis for much of the discussion of water has been given during the past few years to the development of resource supply and needs. a system for rating projects proposed for funding under the Demand methodology was again based on the findings and Land and Water Conservation Fund Act. Through the exper- procedures of the Outdoor Recreation Resources Review ience gained in administering this program in New Jersey, a Commission study used in the 1966 plan. This approach was priority evaluation system was developed in 1968 and revised in 2 1973. The priority considerations include 13 factors each given next five years as described in the Continuing Planning Program a certain maximum number of points. The system translates the Chapter. The,other contributing agencies and resource pro- recommendations and priority needs and considerations of the grams which will have significant input into the State's future plan into the rating of all proposed projects and the funding planning program are identified in the Related Programs Chap- of the most desirable proposals. ter. The Department intends to conduct the proposed studies PLAN MAINTENANCE with its own staff and the cooperation and assistance of the Division of State and Regional Planning of the Department of The responsibility for maintaining New Jersey's Compre- Community Affairs. It will, however, when deemed appropriate, hensive Outdoor Recreation Plan will remain with the Depart- engage the services of consultants. ment of Environmental Protection. The Department's commit- As part of the Department's program to maintain a rele- ment to a meaningful and productive continuing planning vant, comprehensive plan, it will actively seek the involvement program is evidenced by the schedule of studies and inven- of regional and county planning agencies to coordinate related tories to be performed by its planning staff during the recreation activities. NW,* 11 7F low 3 Summary of Findings 6. New Jersey's resources experience a high level of demand from residents of neighboring states which constitute the and Reeommendations Recreational Sphere of Influence. MAJOR FINDINGS SUPPLY OF LAND RESOURCES STATE CHARACTERISTICS AND RESOURCES 1. The public and private sectors in New Jersey provide 651,864 acres of open space and recreational lands. Of this 1. The State of New Jersey is the most densely populated total the public sector owns 473,283 acres and the private state in the nation. sector 178,581 acres. 2. The vast majority of the population lives in the northeastern 2. The publicly owned lands are administered by the Federal and central portions of the State leaving large areas of the Government (45,239 acres), the State Government State in forest or farm lands. (371,842 acres), and the municipal and county governments 3. New Jersey contains a rich variety of natural resources in- (53,772 acres). cluding geology, topography, water, forests, plant life, and 3. The State is the major supplier of beach swimming, water fish and wildlife. acreage for fishing and boating, camping sites, hiking and 4. NevV Jersey has many important historic and cultural. re- horseback riding trails, hunting acreage and picnic areas. sources. The county governments are the major suppliers of picnic tables, snow skiing slopes, artificial ice skating areas and golf courses. The municipal governments are the major DEMAND suppliers of swimming pools, boating areas, ramps and 1 . Factors of population growth, rising family incomes and berths, shoreline for swimming and fishing, bicycle trails, increasing leisure time have contributed to the rapidly in- natural ice skating areas, and playgrounds, playfields and creasing demand for outdoor recreation in New Jersey as game courts. they have elsewhere in the Nation. 2. The recreation demand generated by the residents of New SUPPLY OF WATER RESOURCES Jersey and neighboring states has surpassed the capacity of the existing supply of outdoor recreation facilities for 1. New Jersey's 127 mile Atlantic coastline is the State's most many activities and in many instances has resulted in the valuable natural resource in terms of recreation. reduction of the quality of the individual experience. 2. The total mileage of New Jersey's numerous rivers and 3. Swimming ranks as the most popular outdoor recreation ac- streams approaches 6,448 miles. tivity in New Jersey. During the peak season there is a de- 3. There are over 50,000 acres of lakes, ponds, and reservoirs mand for 40 million recreation days in New Jersey. in New Jersey. Private interests own 629 of the 965 lakes, 4. Driving for pleasure and walking for pleasure are second ponds, and reservoirs. and third in popularity with peak season demands of over 4. New Jersey's 55 reservoirs have a total water surface area 33 million and 29 million recreation days respectively. of 15,936 acres. Less than 4,000 acres are open for public 5. Playing outdoor games, ranked fourth in activity popularity, recreation. accounts for a demand of almost 20 million recreation days 5. It is estimated that there are 400,000 acres of marine wet- during the peak season. lands in the State. 4 6. Less than 40% of the State's total water surface area is open to the public for recreational use. 7. New Jersey's water resources are lVnited in their recreation _.X, utilization due to problems of water pollution, limited access, and restrictive user charges. NEEDS: OPEN SPACE, WATER RESOURCES, FACILITIES A 1 . 1970 deficits of open space at every governmental level throughout New Jersey amount to 246,952 acres. By 1985 this deficit will grow to 308,072 acres without additional public acquisition. 2. 1970 open space deficits by level of government: Federal 579 Government- 40,779 acres, State Government-11161 acres, county governments -48,708 acres, munici al p governments - 40,886 acres. 3. The Northeast Region has the greatest open space deficit. 4. The largest 1970 deficit in water-based recreation was found in boating - 43,682 recreation days. 5. 1970 facility needs varied from region to region but overall is being met while only 2% of the demand for bicycling is the highest deficits were in outdoor games and sports, being met. bicycling and; picnicking. 4. No region had any significant surplus of facilities. 6. The most critical recreation needs exist at municipal and county levels for day use facilities. LEGISLATION Since 1966 New Jersey has successfully enacted an URBAN NEEDS important legislative program which includes a number of bills 1 . Recreational opportunities in urban areas are limited be- having a significant impact on New Jersey's environment. The cause recreation has always been one of the unwanted legislation deals with wetlands protection, liability limitation children of municipal budgets. for private land owners, flood plain control, environmental 2. The greatest need in urban areas is for basketball facilities. commissions, bond issues, pesticide control, ocean pollution An additional 3,588 courts are needed to meet current and noise control. demand for this activity in the State's urban areas. This is followed by playlots (1,975), tennis courts (1,525) and ACTION PROGRAM passive areas (1,245). 3. Statewide 32% of the demand for the facilities included in Although the scheduled development programs of this study is being met by existing facilities. Percent demand municipalities, counties, and the State will provide a substantial being met varied with activity: 78% of the football demand number of new recreation facilities, they will fall far short of 5 meeting all of the 1985 outdoor recreation facility deficits iden- cific recommendations for each level of government and the tified in the plan. Continuation of the development programs at private sector are set forth in this plan. their present levels of funding after 1977 would still result in sizable 1985 facility deficits at all governmental levels. GENERAL The total state need in terms of land to be acquired by all jurisdictions by the year 1985 is slightly over 300,000 acres. In general, all levels of government should emphasize Despite the accelerated land acquisition program which will open space acquisition to preserve recreation resources that provide a net gain in publicly owned recreation land of 122,299 would otherwise be lost for future public use while continuing acres, it is evident that available funds will not be sufficient to develop recreation areas in an orderly manner. to completely fulfill the growing need. Each successive level of government should retain a _4 771. NO MAJOR RECOMMENDATIONS greater percentage of open space holdings in an undeveloped state for conservation purposes. In order to address itself to the outdoor recreation needs Each level of government, consistent with its assigned identified in this plan and to protect and enhance the State's responsibilities, should provide the recreation facilities re- environmental quality, each level of government and the quired to accommodate the unmet recreation demands indenti- private sector must undertake to increase acquisition of open fied in the Needs Chapter. space and the development of recreation facilities through Priority should be given to park and recreation areas that such actions as the continuation and expansion of funding will be easily accessible to the people who are expected to use programs, enactment of new legislation and regulatory the areas. measures, continued planning and programming. Major spe- All levels of government should expand existing funding 6 programs for recreation development and open space acquisi- quality management programs, funding for the construction tion and establish new funding sources where needed. of new water pollution abatement facilities and the upgrading of existing facilities, and enforcing the State Water Pollution FEDERAL GOVERNMENT statutes. Continue and expand matching grant programs providing Support legislation that would relieve the property tax funds to state and local governments for acquisition and de- burden from non-profit conservation and environmental groups velopment of open space and recreation areas while providing holding open space for preservation purposes. a sufficient level of revenue sharing funding to permit state COUNTY GOVERNMENT and local governments to allocate a portion of the funds to rec- reational uses, especially maintenance and operation, along Acquire, develop, maintain, and operate recreation areas with the other permitted uses. to serve the outdoor recreation needs of county residents. Continue and expand funding programs for the planning Use a portion of the federal revenue sharing funds to and construction of water pollution abatement facilities. augment the recreation budget for open space acquisition, Integrate recreation planning as a significant part of inter- facility development and maintenance and operation programs state and regional planning. Expand responsibilities to include providing sizable recrea- MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT tion areas in close proximity to large urban complexes of high Provide and administer intensely developed, user-oriented population density. facilities easily accessible to the local population. STATE GOVERNMENT Use a portion of the federal revenue sharing funds to (Department of Environmental Protection) augment the recreation budget for open space acquisition, Actively promote and support proposed legislation and facility development and maintenance and operation programs. Identify and use all available recreation resources includ- programs that would have favorable environmental con- sequences such as state, regional, and local land use regula- ing lands and buildings under the control of local boards of tions and air and water anti-pollution legislation. education. Establish new sources of funds for local and state open Adhere to sound land use principles which recognize the space acquisition and recreation facilities development. Specif- incompatibility of certain uses and the necessity of retaining ically we recommend the establishment of a third Green Acres natural elements for a quality living environment. Bond Issue and a funding program for recreation facility devel- Investigate the feasibility of using innovative techniques opment. to meet urban recreation space, facility and program needs. Continue to integrate recreation planning as part of total PRIVATE SECTOR state land use planning. Provide recreation programs and areas which serve all Non-profit conservation and environmental groups should segments of the State's population including the economically continue to acquire open space for preservation purposes, es- and physically handicapped, and encourage other levels of pecially areas of ecological significance. government to provide similar programs and facilities. Farmers and other private large tract owners, in keeping Establish state park and recreation areas within or in with ecological limitations to carrying capacity, should con- close proximity to urban areas. sider opening their lands to general public recreational use Continue providing the administrative framework for water in view of the state legislation relieving the private owner from 7 liability except in cases of gross negligence or the charging ment of Environmental Protection over the next four years. of fees for use. The Program will include updated inventories of public and Private commercial enterprises should develop day use private open space and facility supplies. It will alsoi.nclude sev- and overnight recreation facilities such as lake swimming and eral studies dealing with demand, urban needs, special groups, campgrounds where favorable market conditions exist. recreation standards, environmental education, recreational CONTINUING PLANNING PROGRAM travel patterns, trails, scenic and recreational rivers, fresh- water resources and the Atlantic coastline. Resources and per- The plan recommends an extensive continuing planning sonnel outside the Department will be called upon to help in program to be undertaken by the planning staff of the Depart- completing this program whenever necessary. POW 71 @20 A 46 177 8 STATE CHARACTERISTICS AND RESOURCES Population and Soeio- average. About 89% of the State's population lives in urbanized areas as defined by the U.S. Bureau of Census. Economie Charneteristies Between 1960 and 1970, Ocean County's population increased by 92.6% and Sussex County's population increased POPULATION by 57.4%, the highest growth rates experienced by New Jersey's twenty-one counties. Counties bordering the densely populated northeast section of New Jersey experienced growth The population of the United States has increased from rates exceeding the state rate of 18.2%, -while the five counties less than 4 million in 1790 to more that 204 million in 1970. comprising the northeast urban region experienced relatively Although the population growth has exhibited a westward trend, low growth rates. In fact, Hudson County, the most densely New Jersey's population has grown at a rate equal to or often populated county in the State, lost 0.2% of its population during greater than that of the nation as a whole. Not only has New Jersey's population shown an absolute increase, but this Southbound traffic on the Garden State Parkway approaches the Raritan toll plaza increase has massed into defined urbanized areas with resultant increases in density. POPULATION DISTRIBUTION 7r New Jersey officially became the most densely populated State in the nation, 954 persons per square mile, when the 1970 census figures were released. (See map entitled "Population Density 1970.") The major portion of the State's population, approximately 74%, lives in eleven counties which form a corridor between New York and Philadelphia. County population densities range from 13,816 people per square mile in Hudson to 147.3 in Sussex. Nearly 50% of New Jersey's population resides in the five northeastern counties which border the New York City Metropolitan Area creating a population density almost five times greater than the state -MONW". 9 the ten vear span and the number of people living in Essex POPULATION DENSITY County, the second most densely populated county, grew by 1970 only 0.7%. The rural counties of South. Jersey-Salem, Cumberland and Atlantic- experienced population growths below the average state rate. 'r A@_ AGE COMPOSITION Between 1960 and 1970 New Jersey's population not only X increased by over one million people, but the various age groups comprising the population underwent changes relative to each other. New Jersey's age group composition changes closely paralleled national and regional trends. The proportion of New Jersey's population in the under 5 and 25-44 age groups dropped by 2.4% and 3.9% respectively., These percent PERSONS PER SOLIARE MILE decreases for -the United States are 2.9% and 2.6%, respectively, and for the Northeast Region 2.3% and 3.3%, 0-49 -19, respectively. During the same time period, the age groups 5 50-199 20-24, 45-64, and 65 and over showed increases for all three regions with the exception of the Northeast's 45-64 bracket 200-999 which remained constant. It should be noted that the 20-64 age 1,000-4,999 group, composed of the primary wage earners, showed a 5,000-9,999 'Adr decline in proportion to the total population of 0.2% for the United States and 1.4% for both New Jersey and the Northeast 10,000 & OVER Region (see Tables 1 and 2). OCCUPATIONAL DISTRIBUTION The change in occupational distribution is similar for New Jersey, the United States, and the Northeast Region. Across the board, the greatest increases between 1960 and 1970 for all three regions have been in the categories of professional and technical workers and in the clerical and sales workers- a total increase of 5.7%, 7.3%, and 5.6% for New Jersey, the Northeast Region, and the United States, respectively; the greatest decrease has been in the field of operative and labor workers-3.9%, 2.7%, and 2.3%, respectively. (See graph entitled "Occupational Distribution 1960-1970.") 10 TABLE 1: POPULATION TRENDS BY AGE GROUPS/NEW JERSEY, NORTHEAST. UNITED STATES/1960 AND 1970 Absolute Absolute Absolute Growth Growth Growth Age Group 1960 1970 (Or dec I ine) Age Group 1960 1970 (or decline) Age Group 1960 1970 (or decline) New Jersey Northeast United States Under 5 642,197 589,226 -18.2% Under 5 4,657,013 3,987,096 -14.4% Under 5 20,321,864 17,166,973 15.5% 5-19 1,502,955 2,014,888 +34.1% 5-19 11,144,610 13,743,559 +23.3% 5-19 48,762,554 59,812,230 22.7% 20-24 321,054 509,198 @ 58.6% 20-24 2,467,447 3,628,376 +47.1% 20-24 10,803,169 16,371,650 + 51.5% 25-44 1,716,021 1,746,060 + 1.8% 25-44 12,031,543 11,566,483 3.9% 25-44 46,897,627 47,980,121 + 2.3% 45-64 1,324,141 1,611,803 21.7% 45-64 9,974,091 10,908,811 9.4% 45-64 36,333,220 41,785,133 15.0% 65 and over 560,414 696,989 f 24.4% 65 and over 4,406,998 5,210,095 + 18.2% 65 and over 16,207,237 20,049,592 23.7% Source: U. S. Bureau of Census - Final and Advance Reports TABLE 2: POPULATION COMPOSITION BY AGE GROUPS/ NEW JERSEY, NORTHEAST, UNITED STATES/ 1960 AND 1970 New Jersey Northeast United States 1960 1970 1960 1970 1960 191o 6,066,782 7,168,164 44,681,702 49,044,420 179,323,175 203,184,772 Age Group People People Difference Age Group People People Difference Age Group People People Difference Under 5 10.6% 8.2% -2.4% Under 5 10.4% 8.1% -2.3% Under 5 11.3% 8.4% -2.9% 5-19 24.8% 28.1% +3.3% 5-19 25.01/o 28.0% +3.01/. 5-19 27.2% 29.4% +2.2% 20-24 5.3% 7.1% + 1.81/o 20-24 5.5% 7.4% + 1.91/o 20-24 6.01/o 8.1% +2.1% 25-44 28.3% 24.4% -3.9% 25-44 2 6. 9% 23.6% -3.3% 25-44 26.2% 23.6% -2.6% 45-64 21.8% 22.5% +0.7% 45-64 22.3% 22.3% 45-64 20.3% 20.6% 0.3% 65 and over 9.2% 9.7% +0.5% 65 and over 9.9% 10.6% 1 .7% 65 and over 9. M. 9.9% 0. 9% 100. O-A 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Source: U. S. Bureau of Census EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT FAMILY INCOME The national and Northeast regional trends toward New Jersey exhibits the same general trend as the United increased educational attainment are also the trend which States and the Northeast Region with regard to family income. emerges in New Jersey. The greatest percent increase is in The similarity is especially noted in the percent increases high school completion followed by four years or more of between 1960 and 1970 for New Jersey, the Northeast Region, college. Between 1960 and 1970, the percentage of New and the United States in the $10,000 and over bracket - 37.6%, Jerseyans 25 years old and over with four years of high school 35.2%, and 32.2%, respectively -and in the percent decreases increased 7.2% from 24.6% to 31.8%; this compares favorably in the under $3,000 to $6,999 brackets-25.4%, 26.5%, and with the national and Northeast Region increases of 6.5% and 21.8%, respectively. However, the increase in median income 7.4%, respectively. The percentage increases between the for the ten year period - $4,621 for New Jersey, $4,263 for the same decade for four years or more of college were 3.4%, Northeast Region, and $3,930 for the United States -has to be 3.0%, 3.1% for New Jersey, the United States, and the carefully evaluated in terms of the inflationary process. Based Northeast Region, respectively. (See graph entitled upon the 1967 dollar equaling one dollar, the actual purchasing "Educational Achievement 1960-1970.") increases in income for the regions are $2,002.99, $1,765.81, and $1,929.17, respectively. (See graph entitled "Family Income 1960-1970.") Historieal Background After 1664 England took control of Duthch settlements along the Delaware and all the possession whcih encompass PRE-COLONIAL AND COLONIAL PERIODS the present State of New Jersey. In 1673, the terrotory returned to Dutch rule; however, this only lasted until 1674 at which time The earliest known inhabitants of New Jersey were the New Jersey was restored by treaty to England. The restoration Lenni Lenape Indians who generally lived in small settlements of English rule marked the entrance of New Jersey into the along the Delaware River and, thus, were called the "Colonial" period which continued for the next hundred years "Delawares" by the colonists. During the struggle for independence from English rule Although the first authenticated visit of a European to New New Jersey became known as the "Pathway of the American Jersey was made by Giovanni deVerrazano under French Revolution." Three major battles and some ninety lesser authority in 1524, voyages to this region for exploration, trade, skirmishes were fought in the State. Many of the battle sites and and settlement had their real beginnings in 1609 when Henry 'historic structures of the Revolution have been and are being Hudson under the aegis of the Dutch East India Company, restored as reminders of the struggle for indpendence explored the area. After Hudson's voyage the Dutch and the Swedish were After the United States had been created, a new era of the dominant explorers in New Jersey. However, since they growth developed with concomitant problems. Despite the were basically traders and did not make many permanent attempts of New Jersey port cities to gain and hold on to their settlements, their attempts at colonization had very little trade, for example, ground was lost to the yeo emerging giants influence; what influence did exist was in Dutch control. of commerce -New York City and Philadelphia 12 THE NINETEENTH CENTURY The nineteenth century era of industrialization with its emphasis on resource use and considerations of time and distance heralded an awareness of the need for overland transportation as opposed to natural water routes. As a result the early nineteenth century (1800-1830) became the era of the 7_1 turnpike which aided in the development of internal cities. The emphasis on turnpikes was replaced later by canals and railroads; roads did not regain their importance until the i development of the automobile near the turn of the twentieth century. Railroad and canal transportation drew Philadelphia F and New York even closer, increasing both New Jersey's role as a travel corridor and that part of New Jersey under their economic influence. A_ By 1840 New Jersey had grown to a population of 3Z3,000. What would become the major cities of the twentieth century Inside of General Store - Allaire State Park had, by then, assumed well defined roles in the State's econ- countryside between the corridors and areas beyond the reach omy. Except for the Civil War period (1860-1865), prosperity of rails. accelerated constantly. New found wealth of the growing upper The events of the firstfifty yearsof the century-two World and middle classes aided in the development of leisure time Wars, the Depression, and economic reforms -have tended to pursuits thus giving impetus to the development of New obscure the monumental changes of New Jersey's pattern of Jersey's coastal resort areas. development and social structure. Nonetheless, the State In 1880 the State reached and passed the one million continued its rapid growth to become a leader in diversified population mark. The emergence of the urban state was in industrial production, research and advanced technology, and process as New Jersey passed into the twentieth century. agriculture. Since 1900, the expansion of the major metropolitan centers has resulted in a 291% increase of THE TWENTIETH CENTURY population, from 1,834,000 to 7,168,164 in 1970. Today New Jersey is the most densely populated of the nation's fifty states The availability of intercity rail passenger service and the (954 persons per square mile) and, by virtue of its strategic emergence of the automobile together with the growth of the location, it is the main transport link in the megalopolitan chain affluent middle class "white collar" occupations accentuated extending from Boston to Virginia. the trend toward suburban ization. Although the automobile had In New Jersey, a State prone to seemingly endless urban made its entrance at the turn of the century, railroads continued expansion, the planned' utilization of its land and water to reign supreme until the close of World War 11. Automobiles, resources is of critical importance. The setting aside of a part of and the highways they traversed, were feeders rather than the open land resources of the State for conservation and competitors of the railroads, and suburban development was recreation, together with historical preservation, should be a confined largely to narrow corridors through which the railroads paramount concern at all levels of government, for once passed. In the late 1940's and 1950's, people in great numbers overrun by urban development these resources can never be broke away from the bondage of rail lines and began to fill the replaced. 13 Natural Resourees GEOLOGIC FEATURES GEOLOGY New Jersey can count within its borders over sixty types of geologic formations or rock units which are representative of almost every period of,geologic time. These formations have UNIQUE MINERAL DEPOSITS 03 FRANKLIN provided the State with its varied scenic and recreational resources ranging from the mountains to the seashore. 5 < As can be seen on the map entitled "Geologic Features," PROMINENT LAND FORMS two geologic provinces are evident within the State-the 01 KITTATINNY RIDGE Appalachian and the Coastal Plain-each with distinctive (@)CULVERS GAP geologic and topographic characteristics. The Appalachian (j) DELAWARE WATER GAP -44 @Ik Province covers generally the portion of the State north of a line PATERSON FALLS from Woodbridge to Trenton. Here are to be found New Jersey's (I)SCHOOLEY'S MOUNTAIN nd @ PALISADES rA _@J fine mountain state parks and forests at High Point, Stokes a 07 ROUND VALLEY Worthington as well as mountain lakes such as Wawayanda, @WATCHUNGS . ..... Greenwood and the unique, glacial Sunfish Pond. In this HUNTERDON PLATEAU province, too, are wind-formed Culver's Gap, and water-formed @ SANDY HOOK. V, @ ATLANTIC HIGHLANDS Delaware Water Gap. Other features of note in this province v\ are: the majestic Palisades along the Hudson River, Great Piece Meadows, and the Great Swamp, all in the Passaic River GLACIAL GEOLOGY Valley; and'Cushetunk Mountain, a unique horseshoe -shaped &GREAT PIECE MEADOWS ridge rising abbve the gently rolling hills of Hunterdon County, HACKENSACK MEADOWS now the site of Round Valley Reservoir, a multi-use, state GREAT SWAMP aD owned water storage and recreation facility. NEWARK MEADOWS Al The Coastal Plain Province makes up the remainder of the 'IX State, geologically, and covers the southern portion. It is in this province that the most extensive forested area of New Jersey, "The Pine Lands," is found. Important as a vast aquifer recharge basin, the State has set aside sub stantial portions of these lands, particularly at Lebanon and Wharton State Forests. IMPORTANT ARCHEOLOGICAL Another prominent geological feature of the province is the DISCOVERIES J chain of natural barrier beaches that extends from Delaware (ID VERNON MASTODON Bay to Raritan Bay. These beaches form the backbone of the HADDONFIELD DIN SAUR shore resort industry in New Jersey and include the beaches at Sandy Hook and Island Beach State Parks, as well as those SALT WATER MARSHES planned at Cape May Point and Higbee Beach. Not to be SOUROE: overlooked are the salt marshes or "wetlands" behind the UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 14 coastal barrier beaches and along the Delaware Bay. Important New Jersey's position on the Atlantic Coast places it in the in the ecological scheme of things, they also provide nearly midst of the cold air masses moving down from Canada. unlimited opportunities for recreation. All northern areas of the State have' experienced -150F temperatures or 'lower and zero temperatures are not uncommon during winter, even along the southern shore; CLIMATE however, the January average temperature ranges from 280 for the northern sections of the State to 34' for the southern There is a significant variation in climate within the 166- areas. The lowest temperature on record, -340F, was mile length of New Jersey. Climatologists refer to the climate as recorded at River Vale. New Jersey's snowfall is comparatively "Continental," characterized by cold winters and moderately light, although all localities can expect some fall - The heaviest hot summers with a range in average temperature of 40 snowfalls occur in northern New Jersey, the average in Sussex degrees or more from the coldest to the warmest month. County being about 42 inches. Skylands A, -IN @41 _7 15 The summer months also may be extreme at times. The SCENIC VIEWS AND FEATURE tropical air masses that move into the State from the southwest and south tend to be moist and hot, sending hundreds of 2; thousands of people from the sweltering cities to the mountain lake and coastal shore resorts. The July average temperature APPALACHIAN NORTHWEST REG,@,,/ J" HIGH POINT is above 70*F throughout the State, and all parts of the State @@- LAKE WAYWAYANDA have experienced temperatures above 100OF at one time or 2 41 another. @)/ GREENWOOD LAKE ',,@,'SUNRISE MOUNTAIN Average annual precipitation is 40 inches or more, making *) CULVER'S GAP New Jersey one of the wettest areas of the United States. (i@TILLMAN'S RAVINE Northern sections of the State receive the greatest fall with @f)DELAWARE WATER GAP Ck )LAKE HOPATCONG annual averages of about 50 inches. The rainfall is relatively JENNY JUMP reliable and seldom does the total annual fall vary greatly from MUSCONETCONG VALLEY the average. VOORHEES TOPOGRAPHIC AND SCENIC FEATURES 17" New Jersey possesses distinct topographic features CENTRAL REGION providing a variety of fine natural facilities and resources for PATERSON FALLS recreational enjoyment. Though not spectacular in the grand THE PALISADES sense, there is much scenic beauty ranging from the rugged GARRETT MOUNTAIN Palisades and the subtle beauty of the forested Slopes and & EAGLE ROCK &WASHINGTON ROCK cultivated lowlands of the Musconetcong Valley to the con- WASHINGTON'S CROSSING templative beauty of the lakes and streams and tidal waters. The recreationist, in seeking communion with nature, may hike along the Appalachian Trail, perhaps drive westward on Route -24 through the scenic countryside, or paddle a canoe along the delightful Millstone River. As shown on the map entitled "Scenic Views and Features," the State has preserved and developed many of its fine natural features and scenic views. The recreational activities more generally associated with these resources include picnicking, hiking, swimming, camping, fishing, boating or simply scenic enjoyment. Such opportunities are generally provided at areas such as Tillman's Ravine, COASTAL REGION 1 TELEGRAPH HILL Sunrise Mountain and Island Beach. I TWIN LIGHTS ISLAND BEACH W FORT M017 LAND AND WATER RESOURCES 15J CORSON'S INLET E SEVEN MILE BEACH Land is a limited resource that becomes more of a problem M SANDY HOOK annually due to the horizontal spread of development occurring (110 BARNEGAT BAY INLET 16 throughout the nation. The ever increasing exodus of people PHYSICAL FACTORS and industry from the urban centers into the suburban and rural AFFECTING DEVELOPMENT areas is creating an ever mounting pressure on our natural resources. This population spread, with its concomitant needs for more land for housing, commerce, industry and highways, clearly illustrates the delicate balance between land 4;17 ,if conservation and economic development and the vital necessity for the interrelationship of the two objectives. Land -The economic vitality of a state can be measured in part by its rate of land consumption. In New Jersey, residential development is the largest single user, occupying 50% of all developed land. The demand for residential land in some parts of the State already has outpaced the supply. Laced with more than 2,400 miles of state highways, freeways and limited access roads, 6,600 miles of county roads and seventeen railroads with 1,700 miles of right of way, transportation is the second largest user of land. Providing for the movement of goods and people may soon rank with AREAS OF GREATER THAN 12% SLOPE residential development in land consumption. =3 MAJOR RIVERS, LAKES, AND WETLANDS Industry is also a large consumer of land. With the continuing trend toward industrial parks and the construction of offices in landscaped surroundings, many new industrial developments are outside of the urbanized counties, thus A increasing the competition for the dwindling supply of land. Fortunately, even with this seemingly prodigious use of 0 land in a State of just under 5 million acres, 65/6' of the land area is still in forests, agricultural land and wetlands. Excellent opportunities still abound for providing recreation al'open space, A particularly considering that lands not best suited to residential 1A and industrial develooment or agricultural use are sometimes most suitable for conservation and recreation uses, e.g., flood plains, lands with slopes in excess of 12%, salt marshes and estuarine areas and heavily forested lands. New Jersey has numerous fine areas of these kinds, many of them within easy reach of the larger cities and urban centers. (See map entitled "Physical Factors Affecting Development.") 17 Water -New Jersey, bounded on the east by the Hudson River lakes are Swartswood and Wawayanda. and Atlantic Ocean, on the west by the Delaware River and on Reservoirs have only recently been counted among New the south by Delaware Bay, contains many fine internal water Jersey's recreation resources. Six are now open for public areas as well as coastal water resources. The more than recreation: state owned Spruce Run and Round Valley, 50,000 acres of reservoirs, lakes and ponds, and over 6,000 municipally owned Mendham and White Bog, and privately miles of rivers and streams are ample evidence of its owned Ingersoll Rand and Middlesex Reservoirs. With the great abundance of water resources. demand for water oriented recreational activities, New Jersey Major rivers and streams are found throughout the State: can ill afford the luxury of single purpose reservoirs. the Hackensack and Passaic Rivers in the northeast, the Consequently, efforts are now being mad 'e to open up more of Musconetcong and Paulins Kill in the northwest; the Raritan the municipal reservoirs for recreation close to the urban area. River in the central region; the Manasquan and Mullica Rivers in The City of Newark has made significant steps in this direction the coastal areas; and the Rancocas and Cohansey Rivers in by opening the Pequannock Watershed for use by inner city the southwest. Many excellent fishing, boating and canoeing residents with state aid providing transportation. opportunities are to be found on these and other rivers and Of the many outdoor recreational environments- sea- streams; and much is being done to improve their water quality coasts, mountains, deserts and woodlands-the "Shore" has and environment, as well as their accessibility. an unusually strong appeal for New Jerseyans and out-of-state The major lakes and ponds are concentrated in the visitors. An estimated 30 to 50 million people annually visit northwest and north central portions of the State, close to the the "Jersey Shore" with its 127 miles of beautiful ocean major population centers. Many of the State's lakes and ponds beaches between Sandy Hook and Cape May. Most of this which total almost 35,000 acres, are used for recreation. Most magnificent ocean front is either privately or municipally are privately owned, some are administered by quasi-public owned; exceptions are the two state beaches at Sandy Hook organizations and charities, and some are publicly owned, and Island Beach State Parks, and the two federal National either locally or by the State. Notable among the state owned Wildlife Refuges at Brigantine and Barnegat. 0: 71M I TAN- #ir`7t, . ........ 18 Forests -Although New Jersey is not often thought of in FOREST RESOURCES relation to its forests, 1,900,000 acres or 40% of the State is AND PLANT LIFE S T W"s covered with woodlands, and 15% of this forested land is held by the State. The more significant state holdings are: (1) the enormous Wharton State Forest with more than 99,600 acres, (2) Lebanon State Forest with almost 27,000 acres, and r. (3) Stokes State Forest with nearly 15,000 acres (see map entitled "Forest Resources and Plant Life"). The trees of the State's forests fall into two major categories: the northern hardwoods and the southern pines. Among the hardwoods are found tulip poplar, the many varieties of oak and maple, birch, ash and hickory. The pines include the WOODLAND REGIONS 4> Virginia pine, shortleaf pine and pitch pine. = Northern Hardwoods YJ The more heavily forested areas are in the northwest m Southern Pines WILUM L. H1 regions and south of the Raritan River in the coastal area; the FOREST CONSERVATION AREAS WMOaRIAL #& more urbanized central area contains the least forested land. In State Forests and Reservations J. % terms of recreation potential, forest areas are generally well Major County Reservations J�rp 4 & distributed and are within a one and one-h alf hours' drive of the WGTO mostww NOTEWORTHY BOTANICAL AREAS major population centers of the State. Dedicated Natural Areas in Providing the setting for camping, hiking, hunting, fishing, State Parks and Forests and canoeing, there is little doubt as to the recreational value of A Other State Park and Forest t our forests, and with the increasing popularity of these Areas of Botanical Interest activities, the need for more forest areas to be preserved is N Other Noteworthy Botanical Areas evident. New Jersey has recognized this need and through its A pioneering Green Acres Land Acquisition Program is continuing to add significantly to its protected forested lands. Plant Life-As a result of its geographic location in an area N between the northern and southern environmental extremes, New Jersey has a wide range of plant life. There are many X 64@;@ -v interesting botanical areas throughout the State, containing specimens varying from the more common plant associations w a V_ to those that are not found anywhere else in the nation. In the northern section of the State in moist, cool ravines, the hardy rhododendron flourishes. The central area contains a mixture of plant life as a result of the seeds of northern plants being carried down to their southern limits by flooding rivers and streams; here it is common to find sand dunes wooded with northern varieties amidst scenic plant life indigenous to the southern area. In the Pine Lands are found distinctive plant life Resources"). Both fishing and hunting are permitted on state forms such as pyxie moss, pine barrens gentian and heathers. fish and game lands and in all state forests; hunting is per- The southern area of the State abounds with orchids, mosses, mitted at only four state parks (Ringwood, Rancocas, Swarts- grasses and wildflowers. wood, and Wawayanda). Many, of the botanical areas are protected by There are three broad categories of wildlife habitats in governmental agencies and private organizations. Nature trails New Jersey: woodlands (1,913,000 acres), farm lands have been developed in numerous areas and provide a myriad (990,000 acres), and wetlands (400,000 acres). Types of of nature recreation and educational experiences in all portions wildlife range from cottontail rabbit to deer and include fox, of the State. squirrel, raccoon, muskrat, beaver, grouse, pheasant, quail and duck. The rugged northwest section of the State is comprised mainly of farm land, and is a favorite area for small game and deer. Major hunting areas are the Worthington Tract (5,800 acres), Stokes State Forest (14,800 acres), and Hamburg Mountain (3,600 acres). Southern New Jersey's pine forest section also offers small game and deer hunting, and there are numerous state and private hunting facilities here-the 99,600 acre Wharton State Forest being the largest public area open to hunters in New Jersey. Also, southern New Jersey's wetlands, located along the famous Atlantic Flyway, are used by over 50 varieties of waterfowl, providing sport for both naturalists and hunters. One of the most famous waterfowl, the Atlantic brant, which breeds in northern Canada and on the coast of Greenland, winters along the Atlantic coast, chiefly in the I-,' Ar coastal strip extending from Little Egg Harbor to Cape May Point. Many agencies are active in providing for wildlife in preserves, refuges and sanctuaries. The State, through the Divisions of Fish, Game and Shellfisheries and Parks and Forestry, has over 350,000 acres which are preserved as natural habitats for wildlife management and are open for nature study as well as hunting. The Federal Government owns wildlife refuges at four locations in New Jersey. These include Brigantine National Wildlife Refuge (119,@45 acres) in Atlantic County, Great Swamp National Wildlife Refuge (5,500 acres) in Morris County, Wildlife and Fisheries- New Jersey has more than 460,000 Barnegat National Wildlife Refuge (652 acres) in Ocean County acreas of fish and wildlife lands, publicly and privately owned. and Killcohook National Wildlife Refuge (635 acres) in Salem The majority are located in the northwestern and south- County. Refuges are closed to hunting with the exception of western portions of the State (see map entitled "Wildlife Killcohook and a portion of Brigantine. 20 Privately sponsored sanctuaries in New Jersey are WILDLIFE RESOURCES provided by the National and New Jersey Audubon Societies. C They presently maintain seven preserves with a total of about 285 acres. New Jersey is fortunate in its fishery resources. In addition to the coastline with its 390,000 acres of estuarine waters, there are 6,400 miles of rivers and streams, and 50,000 acres of lakes, ponds and reservoirs. These fresh and salt waters yield an endless variety of fish, including striped bass, bluefish, pickerel, walleyed pike, perch and trout, and a full spectrum of shellfish. Saltwater fishing, for which New Jersey is famous, is enjoyed all year round and runs the gamut from deep sea and bay to surf and jetty fishing. The more than 100 rivers and streams (including 1,400 miles of stocked trout streams) and 900 plus lakes and ponds STATE PRESERVES offer the freshwater fishing enthusiast endless opportunities STATE GAME FARMS (see map entitled "Fishery Resources"). SANCTUARIES AND REFUGES Winter provides the setting for the increasingly popular SEMI-WILD PRESERVES sport of ice fishing, usually beginning about the first of January and running to about the middle of February. COMMERICAL PRESERVES FISHERY RESOURCES Cultural and Historical Resources IT When the subject of cultural attractions is discussed, it is ED STATE FISH HATCHERY W usually in terms of New York City or Philadelphia; unfortunately, we seldom consider the opportunities closer by. While unable to - STREAMS STOCKED ANNUALLY WITH 5000 OR MORE match the sheer quantity of its neighbors, New Jersey has many ADULT TROUT excellent facilities to further interests in music, history, theatre, - STREAMS STOCKED ANNUALLY and the arts: the Newark Museum, which ranks with the finest WITH 5000 OR MORE ADULT TROUT WARM WATER in the country; Symphony Hall in Newark, home of the New FISHING ALSO Jersey Symphony Orchestra; the New Jersey Historical Society LAKES STOCKED ANNUALLY Library with its more than 30,000 volumes on the State's his- Y WITH 5000 OR MORE ADULT tory; the New Jersey Museum in Trenton; and the Garden State TROUT - WARM WATER FISHING ALSO > Performing Arts Center at Telegraph Hill in Monmouth County ------ STREAMS STOCKED ANNUALLY WITH with its range of entertainment from the best of Broadway, to 2500-5000 ADULT TROUT music, modern dance and the ballet. New Jersey offers a full ...... STREAMS STOCKED ANNUALLY W ITH ----- -1! calendar of year-round entertainment including summer 2500-5000 ADULT TROUT - WARM WATER FISHING ALSO theatre, beauty pageants, state fairs, antique shows, ice ca- pades, automobile and boat racing, harness and thorough- LAKES STOCKED ANNUALLY WITH bred racing. 2500-5000 ADULT TROUT - WARM WATER FISHING ALSO History was made in New Jersey and, fortunately, many of --MAJOR WARM WATER the significant sites and structures associated with these FISHING - WATERWAY __4 hi storic events have been preserved through the efforts of IV M MAJOR WARM ATER interested individuals and various historical societies and state WS FISHING - LAKE 7- ------ and federal action; the past is very much a part of the present. I'V, Left behind during our State's development are remnants of our ly cultural, social, agricultural, and early industrial past. New V<, Jersey has a rich heritage established on native, Dutch, J Swedish, and English backgrounds. It played a vital role in the --- ---- American struggle for independence and developed through F the nineteenth century by accepting immigrants of many nationalities. New Jersey began by being an agricultural state, expanded on invention and industry as a part of a young republic, and became by the twentieth century a highly urban- ized state. The rapid and seemingly unceasing urbanization of New Jersey bears directly on the need for historic preservation. From Old Tappan to Camden, New jersey is dotted with places that echo the cry of freedom and make it "The Pathway 22 of the Revolution." At McKonkey Ferry, a bitter Christmas Eve geographical center of the megalopolis stretching from Boston saw General Washington cross the Delaware River to lead his to Washington, has resulted in New Jersey's designation as the raid on the Hessians at Trenton. But history is not confined to "Corridor State" (see map entitled "The Region"). The north- the events of our Colonial past, witness the historic meeting at south orientations of the Turnpike and Interstate 295 aftest to Hollybush in Glassboro between President Lyndon Johnson and New Jersey's role as a major East Coast travel corridor. Soviet Premier Alexei Kosygin. The influence of the great urban centers of New York City There are a number of state owned historical sites and Philadelphia has caused the interstate travel between New administered by the Department of Environmental Protection Jersey and. Pennsylvania to be ranked highest in the nation which, through its Historic Sites Section, has set out to make while the movement between New Jersey and New York State sure that evidence of this history-from buildings to is second highest. The largest single movement- commuter battlefields-is preserved for present and future generations. travel between New Jersey and Manhattan -'amounts to Among these are a President's birthplace, two houses used by 480,000 person-trips daily of which slightly less than 50% use General Washington as headquarters during the Revolutionary some form of public transit (rail or bus). In southern New War, a poet's house, a monument commemorating a battle of the Revolution, and the ruins of early Colonial iron furnaces. Jersey, the Lindenwold High Speed Line has been constructed The New Jersey Register of Historic Places together with the to ease commutation between cent@al Philadelphia and the National Register of Historic Places, by providing protection Camden area; the recent decision to use buses as feeders to against encroachment by any governmental projects, are the rail system should further increase usage of 'the line. important adjuncts to the State's preservation program. Sixty- Recreation travel to New Jersey's coastal resorts is two of the sixty-seven State Register components have been expedited by two expressways and a network of state, county, placed on the National Register. and lo 'cal highways. In general, the northern sector of the All of these cultural and historic resources must be viewed Garden State Parkway serves as a link between the New York in light of the upcoming Bicentennial of the nation's founding. City area and the shore region, while its southern section serves New Jersey should plan for this celebration by putting its as a connector between New Jersey's ocean resorts. In cultural and historic sites in first-rate condition. Completion of addition to the Garden State Parkway, the only other existing the 'New Jersey Register of Historic Places, together with shore access expressway is the Atlantic Ci Ity Expressway which provisibris for interpretative facilities, will aid in the puts Philadelphia a forty-five minute drive from the boardwalk in development of the State's participation in the 1976 Atlantic City and from county and local roads leading to other observance. The nation's two-hundredth anniversary offers a Jersey ocean resorts. At present, the county road system definite opportunity for New Jersey to show millions of visitors, provides the most significant access from Trenton and.central as well as its own citizens, the depth and breadth of its cultural New Jersey to the coastal resort areas. In contrast, the and historic heritage. Philadelphia-Camden and Newark areas have shore access ranging from the aforementioned expressways to federal, state, county and local highways; however, these routes are not free of time consuming lights and local traffic congestion, e.g., Transportation Route 30 which serves as a major cross-state artery between the Camden area and Atlantic City, and Route 9 which is an New Jersey's expressways are key links in the highway important link between Newark and the southern resort areas system of the Northeast; the considerable interstate movement are both laced with traffic lights, not to mention traffic jams, through New Jersey, attributable in part to her location in the during the peak summer months. 23 Highway access from the major urban centers to other THE REGION sections of the State with significant natural recreation resources-the mountainous Northwest Region and the Delaware Bay Region-is limited, inhibiting optimum use. At present, recreationists seeking the pleasures available in the Northwest must use, with the exception of Interstate 78, AIN E predominantly single lane state, county and municipal roads. 0 The same is also true for the Delaware Bay Region. RtA 0 mT Recreation oriented mass transit takes the form of bus NEW transportation which not only provides access to recreation A PSVJ I RI areas within the urban areas but also ties the urban areas of New York, Pennsylvania and New Jersey with the coastal resort 0 areas. While the majority of railroad service is of the commuter NEW YORK MAS home-to-work type, passenger railroad service from Newark and Elizabeth southward to Point Pleasant Beach is provided, as is service from the Camden area to Atlantic City, Ocean City IS IU T and Cape May. Flying and boating are modes of transportation as well as 6 popular recreation activities. New Jersey's 84 public use airports are distributed throughout the State, providing PENNSYLVANIA convenient access to nearly all its major recreation attractions including those in the Northwest and Delaware Bay regions. 00 The Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway, which begins in Florida and extends along the Atlantic coastline, terminates at the MARYL NO Manasquan Inlet in Monmouth County. Annually, thousands of boaters use this route to reach the State's shore resorts. THE REGION Planned transportation improvements will measurably J E DEL increase automobile access to many of the areas of the State E now lacking adequate access. Interstates 80 and 287 should URBAN AREA POPULATION ease the accessibility problem in the Northwest while Interstate VIRGINIA (SMSA.) 195 should facilitiate access from the Trenton area to the 11,000,000 Atlantic coast resorts. The Governor Driscoll Expressway will 0 7.500,000 provide a transportation corridor from southern and central 5,000,000 New Jersey connecting Dover Township in Ocean County with 0 0 lot, 2,000.000 500,000 the Turnpike in the vicinity of South Brunswick and should 200,000 - 100,000 reduce the traffic load on the existing local roads. 50,000 New Jersey's major highway system is shown in relationship to major public recreation areas on Appendix Q map entitled, "Major Public Open Space and Recreation Areas in New Jersey." 24 New Jersey Study Regions NEW JERSEY RECREATION STUDY REGIONS To facilitate recreation demand and supply analysis and to obtain a more meaningful reflection of the recreation needs throughout New Jersey, the State was divided into eight study NORTH CENTRAL regions delineated by the state planning agency for other state planning purposes. These regions, formed on the basis of either NORTHWEST ...... socio-economic and/or physiographic similarities, adhere to official county lines except in three instances where they follow municipal lines (see map entitled "New Jersey Recreation Study Regions"). E 2 a E K 'J" NORTHEAST THE NORTHWEST REGION (Hunterdon, Sussex uN IoN and Warren Counties) ..NT.R... The Northwest Region is physically dominated by the Appalachian Ridge and Valley. It is basically a rural farm area with the second lowest population of the various regions. The MIDDLE3EX State operates a number of recreation areas in the region CENTRAL MERCER among which are High Point State Park, Stokes State Forest, CORRIDOR MONMOUTH and Spruce Run and Round Valley reservoirs. This mountainous region with its many scenic vistas and abundant lakes attracts large numbers of summer visitors. The future opening of the SOUTHWEST OCEAN NORTH SHORE Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area is expected to spur development and economic growth in this region. 8URLINGTON CAM... THE NORTH CENTRAL REGION (Morris County and the northern section of Passaic County) The North Central Region is characterized by rough terrain ATLANTIC and sparce settlement in its northern sector. The southern portion, however, is experiencing rapid population growth. SOUTH SHORE Between 1960 and 1970, Morris County's population increased DELAWARE by 46.6%, the third highest rate in the State. Many of north BAY CAPE ,)@IN N1 Jersey's public watersheds and reservoirs are located in this region. There are a sizable number of state operated recreation areas -in the region including Ringwood State Park and Norvin Green State Forest. 25 THE CENTRAL CORRIDOR REGION (Mercer, Middlesex and Somerset Counties) The Central Corridor Region serves mainly as a connecting link between New York City and Philadelphia. The New Jersey Turnpike, the Garden State Parkway, U.S. Routes 1, 9, 22 and 130, and Interstate Routes 287 and 95 all pass through this W1 region. Because of convenient transportation and proximity to one of the major urban centers, many areas in this region are experiencing suburban growth. During the period between 1960 and 1970, the population growth rates for all three of the counties comprising the region exceeded the state growth rate. There are relatively few state recreation areas in this region. THE NORTH SHORE REGION (Monmouth County and northern section of Ocean County) The North Shore Region has the longest developed shoreline for recreation in New Jersey; the region thrives as a recreational resort. This region between 1960 and 1970 experienced the highest relative population gain of any region in the State as a result of the suburban growth expanding outward from the New York metropolitan area. The only state managed recreation areas which front the ocean, Sandy Hook State Park, Island Beach State Park, and Barnegat Lighthouse State Park, are located in this region. Barnegat Light THE NORTHEAST REGION (Bergen, Essex, Hudson THE SOUTHWEST REGION (Camden and Gloucester and Union Counties and southern section of Counties and western section of Burlington County) Passaic County) The Southwest Region is experiencing rapid The Northeast Region is the most densely populated and suburbanization related to an outward growth from most urbanized region in New Jersey. At present nearly 50% of Philadelphia. Most of the region's population is concentrated the State's population resides in the Northeast Region. Because along the Delaware River. Approximately half of the region's of its crowded condition, this region experienced the lowest total land area is included in the vast undeveloped area known relative gain in population in the State between 1960 and 1970. as the Pine Barrens. In an effort to preserve this semi- In fact, one county (Hudson) lost population during this period. wilderness area, the State has acquired extensive tracts of land Due to the scarcity of undeveloped land, there are few state in the eastern portion of this region, including parts of Wharton recreation areas in this region. and Lebanon State forests. 26 THE SOUTH SHORE REGION (Atlantic and Cape May THE DELAWARE DAY REGION (Cumberland and Counties, eastern section of Burlington County and Salem Counties) southern section of Ocean County) The Delaware Bay Region, which has the lowest The South Shore Region is physically composed of a population in New Jersey, is experiencing only moderate coastal terrain and marsh area and an extensive pine barren increases. The entire southern boundary of the region, fronting region inland. The economy of the region is tourist oriented on the Delaware Bay, consists of marshes and wetlands which centered along the coastline, with very little industrial activity. play an important role in the region's fishing industry and which The population is experiencing only a moderate growth. State act as natural barriers to waterfront development. The State has holdings in the region include extensive marshland areas and acquired extensive tracts of wetlands along the coastal zone of vast tracts of land in the Pine Barrens. this region. . ..... . .. . AL VN4 At WSW", . . . ..... .... A, @F- 27 OUTDOOR RECREATION DEMAND Outdoor Reereation Demand odology discussed briefly in the following section. Twelve of these activities with determinable facility capacities -swim- Determination ming, boating, fishing, camping, hiking, bicycling, horseback riding, hunting, picnicking, ice skating, snow skiing and playing Population growth, rising family incomes and increasing outdoor games-will be analyzed further in succeeding chap- leisure time are among the factors contributing to the rapidly ters in relation to supply. The available supply data for the other increasing demand for outdoor recreation in New Jersey. This activities such as driving for pleasure and sightseeing were demand generated by the residents of New Jersey and neigh- either nonexistent or not readily convertible to quantitative boring states in many instances has surpassed the capacity o terms and therefore precluded detailed analysis of these the existing supply of outdoor recreation facilities for many activities. activities and has resulted in the reduction of the quality of the Saxton Falls individual experience. Long waiting lines at ski slopes, golf courses and tennis centers, and overcrowded beaches and 4C swimming pools attest to the growing problem of providing adequate outdoor recreation facilities. In order to efficiently plan for the provision of outdoor recreation facilities to meet future needs, realistic measure- ments of demand must be made. The demand data should be expressed in quantitative terms so as to permit the ranking of 4L activities according to popularity and the comparison of demand for activities with determinable facility capacities to V supply and the recognition of deficits or surpluses in facility supply. Such factors as population growth and changing socio- IA, economic characteristics which influence the demand for out- door recreation must be identified and incorporated in the PVT determination of demand. A The demand in New Jersey for twenty-three outdoor recreation activities has been determined by using the meth- 28 4#4 )R 0 -1 71 BASIC CONCEPTS OF OUTDOOR RECREATION number of innovative techniques and concepts. The following DEMAND DERIVATION are the more important innovations introduced: In 1960-61, the Outdoor Recreation Resources Review -The concept of New Jersey with its 21 counties and Commission (ORRRC) conducted a nationwide survey of out- 567 communities as comprised of 8 recreation study regions door recreation in order to determine specific recreation de- formed on the basis of socio-economic and/or physiographic mand preferences and the interrelationships of various socio- similarities. economic factors upon such information. In computing the -The related concept of New Jersey and its Recreational participation rates for each activity, the effects of socio- Sphere of Influence (RSI), consisting of 19 counties in the economic factors such as age, income, place of residence, and neighboring states of New York, Pennsylvania, Delaware and occupation were considered. Maryland divided into eleven zones with defined ranges of The results of the ORRRC study were the primary source recreation travel extending into New Jersey. (Refer to map of information used in analyzing New Jersey's socio-economic entitled "Megalopolis, Recreational Sphere of Influence, and factors relative to outdoor recreation demand. A workable New Jersey.") methodology was developed applying the ORRRC activity rates to New Jersey's population data. Through a series of proce- -The determination of the relationships of activity days to dures the total number of persons who wish to recreate for recreation days; on the average, two activity days comprise one each activity on a typical weekend day in the peak season for recreation day (one person participating in one activity for an the years 1970, 1985 and 2000 in New Jersey was established. entire day). The methodology employed to convert ORRRC activity -The relationship between peak season weekend day rates to peak season weekend day demand incorporated a and total peak season demand: 2%, with the exception of ice 29 MEGALOPOLIS, RECREATIONAL SPHERE OF INFLUENCE, AND NEW JERSEY RECREATIONAL SPHERE OF INFLUENCE MEGALOPOLIS skating, based on atetendance at state parks and forests and other public facilities. The allocation of ice skating demand to the two types of facilities, natural areas and aritficial (refrigerated) areas based upon the frequency of extended periods of subfreezing temperatures recorede over the past ten years by the U.S. Weather Bureau for each region. The differentiation between "home" and "away" demand, and how it is determined and distrubuted. Home-occurs within one's own region of residence -function of the population of the region. Away-involves an interregional or intersate trip -a function of the relative arrractiveness of New Jersey zonal facilities when compared with the entire area with the RSI. Attractiveness is based on the ratio of vacation homes in New Jersey zone to total in the RSI. 30 -a function of the relative attractiveness of the POPULATION GROWTH region's facilities when compared with other New The population of the United States has steadily increased Jersey regions' attractiveness is based on the ratio from less than 4 million people in 1790 to over 203 million in of attendance at public facilities in the region to 1970. Between 1960 and 1970 the nation's population grew by total attendance throughout the State. 13.3% over the previous decade. During the same period, New The derivation of demand in terms of an average weekend Jersey's growth rate was 18.2%, 5% over the national rate, day rather than seasonal totals permits the relating of demand and the population of New Jersey's RSI increased by only 5%. data to the development of specific recreation facilities which Population growth rates are expected to decline in the are built on the basis of accommodating a maximum number of future primarily due to the drop in birth rates already evident. persons daily. By indicating the relative demand figures of each By the year 2000, the U.S. Census Bureau estimates that the recreation activity for each of New Jersey's eight study regions, U.S. population will reach 322 million, an increase of 5iO/o over the methodology gives an overall statewide basis for planning the 1970 population. New Jersey has been growing faster than outdoor recreation facilities. This approach allows for the the nation as a whole, but this trend is not expected to continue. development of recreation areas related to a statewide frame- By the year 2000 New Jersey's total population is projected to work and a rationally determined set of guidelines. (For a reach more than 10 million people (see Table 1), an increase of complete discussion of the methodology used in the demand 40% over the 1970 population. An even lower growth rate derivation refer to Appendix B.) (35%) is projected for New Jersey's RSI. This area is fore- casted to reach 19 million by the year 2000 (see Table 2). The population projections used to determine recreation demand in 1985 and 2000 for New Jersey and its RSI were drawn from several sources. Each of the states involved had determined its projected population and these figures were used although assumptions made and methodologies followed differed from one state to another. These projections, it was oil= decided, could serve as a basis for demand projections in the present plan. SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS AND RECREATION PARTICIPATION Age ORRRC Study Report #20 states that of all the factors analyzed age has by far the strongest relation to outdoor recre- ation." For most of the major outdoor activities, the age-to- participation relationship is a regressive one, with each group participating less than the next younger age group. This decline is especially noticeable in the more active pursuits such as bicycling, hiking, horseback riding, water skiing, and swimming 31 TABLE 1: NEW JERSEY TABLE 2: RECREATION SPHERE POPULATION FORECASTS OF INFLUENCE POPULATION FORECASTS BY STATE AND COUNTY Region 1970 1985 2000 Region 1970 1985 2000 1970 (census) (census) State/County (Census) 1985 2000 Northwest North Shore Delaware Hunterdon 69,718 83,463 99,827 Monmouth 459,379 590,835 739,286 New Castle 385,856 496,154 615,518 Sussex 77,528 94,449 117,908 Ocean (Part of) 192,084 262,184 334,962 Warren 73,879 82,589 93,874 Totals 651,463 853,019 1,()74,248 Maryland Totals 221,125 260,501 311,609 Cecil 53,291 67,600 86,000 New York Southwest Bronx 1,472,216 1,608,150 1,652,985 North Central Burlington (Part of) 321,969 433,392 556,116 Kings 2,601,852 2,649,057 2,583,033 Morris 383,454 491,371 620,545 Camden 456,291 553,208 654,747 New York 1,524,541 1,450,162 1,368,485 Passaic (Part of) 37,093 46,409 57,057 Gloucester 172,681 220,187 272,233 Orange 220,558 459,018 717,767 Totals 420,547 537,780 677,602 Totals 950,941 1,206,787 1,483,096 Queens 1,973,708 2,233.128 2,332,129 Richmond 295,443 433,967 602,168 Rockland 229,903 354,250 518,182 Westchester 891,409 1,241,815 1,534,334 Northeast South Shore Totals 9,209,630 10,429,547 11,309,083 Bergen 898,012 1,127,701 1,340,514 Atlantic 175.043 196,469 220,817 Essex 929,986 985,540 1,028,961 Burlington (Part of) 1,163 1,588 1,897 Pennsylvania Hudson 609,266 620,350 636,400 Ocean (Part of) 16,386 24,325 34,101 Bucks 415,056 635,663 973,518 Passaic (Part of) 423,689 499,574 576,911 Cape May 59,554 71,916 86,390 Chester 278,311 399,734 574,098 Union 543,116 664,096 774,901 Totals 252,146 294,298 343,205 Delaware 600,035 749,648 936,535 Totals 3,404,069 3,897.261 4,357,687 Leheigh 255,304 320,718 402,886 Monroe 45,422 60,694 81,099 Delaware Bay Montgomery 623,799 870,200 1,213,929 North Hampton 214,368 242,830 275,054 Central Corridor Cumberland 121,374 143,251 166 098 Philadelphia 1,948,609 2,221,194 2,531,717 Mercer 303,968 351,675 403,337 Salem 60,346 69,355 77:304 Pike 11,818 13,260 14,878 Middlesex 583,813 730,166 892,499 Totals 181,720 212,606 243,402 Totals 4,392,722 5,513,941 7,003,714 Somerset 198,372 252.407 314,315 Totals 1,086.153 1,334,248 1,610,151 New Jersey 7,168,164 8,596,500 10,101,000 Total RSI 14,041,499 16,507,242 19,014,315 Source: Office of Business Economics - Division of Planning and Research, New Jersey Department of Labor and Industry Sources: Delaware State Planning Office, New York Office of Planning Coordination, Maryland State Planning Department, and Pennsylvania State Planning Board. (see graph entitled "Relationship of Age to Recreation Partici- Older people in the next generation may engage in more pation"). In regard to driving for pleasure, fishing, picnicking, active pursuits than in the past. ORRRC has stated that: and sightseeing, people tend to remain fairly active until they reach the 45-64 age category; after that point, a sharp decline The older people of today differ from the older people occurs in participation. of tomorrow regarding experience with outdoor Walking for pleasure appears to be the most popular out- recreation in their youth. In the present older genera- door activity of the 65-and-over age'group, and, in fact, it in- tion there are many people who never learned to creases with age above 44 years. Nature walks, closely related, swim or fish, and who never went camping in their increase in the Middle years also but tend to level off after age youth. Such activities are seldom started in middle 64. age. It is quite likely that the generation which will be 32 RELATIONSHIP OF AGE TO RECREATION PARTICIPATION pation", a trend can clearly be observed in the occupational 10 status structure: as one moves from the professional category 2- P.C..CKI.G to farm workers, we find that professional people enjoy the most recreation, farm workers the -least. Further, it can be seen 6 5 that each step up the occupational ladder results in a related increase in participation with the exception of the managers, 0 officials and proprietors category. This group is somewhat out 2- ATE" 0 FISHING of step with the overall graduation because of its paradoxical 0 high status and low participation relationship. SWIMMING 3., S.GHTSIEEI.G 3- WALK Educational Achievement As shown in the graph entitled "Educational Achievement and Recreation Participation", education has a strong impact on recreation participation. The more education adults have, 12-17 18-24 2544 45@ 65-801e, 12-17 li-24 25@ 45-64 65& Over 12-171&24 2544 45-@ 65 & 0-1 Soume: O.A.R.R.C. Study Reeert 19 the more active they are likely to be. This relationship of educa- tion to recreation may, in part, reflect age and income dif- ferences. Generally, people with the least amount of education 55 and over in 25 years was more actively engaged tend to be those of the older generations who, as we have in outdoor recreation earlier in life, and one may mentioned previously, participate very little in most outdoor suppose that many of these people will continue to activities. Those persons of lower education also make up a some extent to engage in these activities as they high percentage of the lower income groups which rank low in grow older. In a study conducted by the University of Michigan for the ORRRC, survey data indicated that once an individual acquired experience with an activity, he was much more likely to con- tinue participating in this activity as he grew older than people who never engaged in this activity in their youth. Further evidence indicated that to an increasing extent young people are acquiring experience and skills in outdoor activities which their parents do not possess. Thus, one may conclude that the spread of experience with outdoor recreation activities amon@ young people will mean that interest in these activities will A continue or will even grow in the years to come. Occupational Distribution One's occupation appears to have considerable influence on, and is clearly related to, outdoor activity. Referring to the graph entitled "Occupational Category and Recreation Partici- t 33 OCCUPATIONAL CATEGORY EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT FAMILY INCOME AND RECREATION PARTICIPATION AND RECREATION PARTICIPATION AND RECREATION PARTICIPATION LABOR FORCE PERSONS 25 YEARS JUNE-AUGUST, 1960 JUNE-AUGUST, 1980 AND OVER Profes ional T chnical and JUNE-AUGUST, 1960 Kindred Workers 4 Years 15.000 and over Managers, Officials or Less and Proprietors 5-7 Years 10,000-14,999 Except Farm 63 X < 8 Years 8,000-9,999 v, Clerical and 0 W Sales Workers z 0 0 < Craftsmen, a High S hool 6,000-7,999 Foremen and W 1-3 Years Kindred Workers 0 9- Operatives, High School z 4,500-5,999 0 0 Laborers, and 4 Years z 00 Kindred Workers College 3.000-4.499 Seryi ce Workers 1-3 Y aars Includ,ng Private olle,e nder 3.000 Farm Workers* Crim Plated 10 20 30 40 0 10 20 RECREATION DAYS PER PERSON 'Northeast ornmilled bec.as. RECREATION DAYS PER PERSON Of insufficient s.mple sue 0 5 10 is 20 RECREATION DAYS PER PERSON n,lihi @t.as N.Theaxt Saul- O.R.R.R.C. recreation participation. Yet, it can be said that education has as shown in the graph entitled "Family Income and Recreation a definite bearing on outdoor recreation participation even after Participation". The sharpest difference occurs between those the influence of these other factors is taken into account. with incomes under $3,000 and the next higher income bracket. Thereafter, participation steadily increases with each succeed- Family Income ing family income level. It is, as yet, not entirely clear as to whether this relation- Income in relation to outdoor recreation patterns is of ship is primarily a reflection of the influence of money per se or interest because of its decid 'ed influence on the degree of whether, on the other hand, it is a class-related occurrence. participation in specific activities. Furthermore, the high prob- There are indications that some of the differences between ability of substantial income increases in the future will have income groups can be ascribed to two other socio-economic an impact on recreation participation in the years to come, characteristics related to income, i.e., occupation and educa- especially in such activities as skiing or boating which require tion. In addition, the.very low recreation participation by the special training or expensive equipment. $3,000-and-under income group can be accounted for in part Generally, participation tends to rise as income increases by the relatively high proportion of older people in this group. 34 Leisure Since 1850, the average work week has decreased from 69.8 to 39.7 hours in 1960 a Leisure Is defined as "the time one has free from his in- pd the downward trend sfill con- come-earning responsibilIties and from personal and family tinues. It would appear that the average American worker now housekeeping activities, such as eating, sleeping, kee ing enjoys 30 more hours of free time each week than did his great- p great-grandfather. ORRRC has predicted that by the year house, personal grooming, shopping, and similar activities that 2000 the work week may be down to 32 hours. Nevertheless, in are necessary for day-to-day existence."'. It has also been attempting'to measure leisure time it is necessary to measure defined as attivity (or inactivity) undertaken because one not only the actual time spent at work but also such things as wants to do it. travel time to and from work, overtime, moonlighting, time Americans with high incomes have for some time been spent on household chores, and do-it-yourself projects. The able to enjoy considerable periods of leisure time and to utilize increase in all of these factors has for many people more than this time for travel and other forms of recreation. Certain trends offset the amount of additional le1su're time available. appear to be increasing the amount of leisure time available to Work patterns are affected by changes occurring in week- the average American: shorter work weeks, more three-day I holiday weekends, longer vacations and earlier retirement. end, holiday and vacation time. The nation as a whole in 1971 adopted a system of five three-day holiday weekends that now Raleigh Barlowe and Milton H. Steinmueller, "Trends in Outdoor Recrea- include Memorial Day, Labor Day, Columbus Day, Veterans tion. Yearbook of Agriculture 1963, p. 299. Day and Washington's Birthday. Other holidays may be added to this list at a later date. The impact of this change 'will be to draw,larger numbers of people to recreation areas farther from home than would normally occur on two-day weekends. Another similar but even more important trend is toward the four-day, forty-hour (4-40) work week. By 1971 an esti- mated 700 American companies were giving employees three out of every seven days to themselves, and it is estimated that by early 1972 at least 2,000 companies will be comtemplating such a shift. The nation's largest employer, the Federal Govern- ment, will run a four-day work week experiment for Social Security workers at the Agency's Baltimore headquarters as soon Congress passes enabling legislation. Municipal em- as ployees in Long Beach and Atlanta have also made the switch. This means regular three-day weekends with a greater potential for longer trips and more recreation participation. It is anticipated that this change will dramatically increase participation in leisure time activities including outdoor recrea- tion. Although the evidence is not yet available to substantiate this prediction, early studies on the habits of people on the four-day work schedule indicate striking increases in travel and activities such as swimming and boating, hunting and fishing. Early retirement has increased due to improved private 7-,9 pension plans and higher social security benefits. Many of the 35 elderly, however, find that their fixed incomes are not adequate to meet higher costs created by growing inflation. Thus, although many more people have longer periods of leisure due to early retirement than ever before, many of these people find themselves unable to afford costly leisure time activities. Whatever the major cause may be, it can be demonstrated that interest in outdoor recreation and expenditure of funds for fees, travel and equipment are growing at a significant rate and attendance at park and recreation areas has also increased. It is estimated that the dollar volume of leisure time expenditures A estimated for 1972 at a - will more than bout $105 billion double during the decade of the 1970s. The most spectacular w,@ @.Y splurge is in purchases of products used in the pursuit of pleasure or relaxation-from bowling balls to bicycles, and from cameras to cabin cruisers. By 1978, the number of camp- ing vehicles in use in the United States is projected to reach 7.5 million, more than double the present number. Other activities showing tremendous growth are bicycling, snow skiing, snowmobiling and tennis. As a result, many areas, the nat ional parks for example where the increased demands are 'Iv, already being felt, are now placing limits on their attendance Ar@* capacity in order to protect the resource base. In spite of the increase in participation among some groups, the amount of leisure time available to most Americans has not significantly changed. This is due to the fact that much of the additional time away from work has been consumed by N other activities such as longer commuting hours, going back to school, second jobs and overtime work and other at home projects related to day-to-day existence. Studies have shown, for example, that the total time the homemaker used for her family's work was not less, on the average, in 1967-68 than it 0 years earlier. While time spent in food preparation and was 4 cle an up had diminished by half an hour per day, time spent for marketing and other tasks had increased more than that. Other important factors limiting leisure time activity in- clude high unemployment rates that affect millions of Ameri- V cans and low income levels. The median income level in America is generally inadequate to support extensive partici- pation in leisure activities requiring costly equipment, ability to travel, high fees, etc., when available financial resources must Stokes State Forest 36 be devoted to survival items of food, housing and medicine. Outdoor Reereation Demand The majority of people affected by these factors reside in the nation's urban areas. Their leisure time opportunities are re- 1970 stricted also by the general lack of conveniently located open space and recreation facilities. Swimming ranks as the most popular outdoor recreation Another problem relates to the availability of resources. activity in New Jersey. During the peak season nearly 40 million Natural areas require periods without use in order to rest and to people desire to swim in New Jersey, creating a demand on an renew themselves after experiencing extensive human impact. average weekend day during the peak season of 775,000 With traditional recreation patterns, areas were heavily used recreation days (each recreation day represents one person two or three days a week on the average and the remaining four participating in one activity for an entire day). (see Tables 3 days the resources were little used. With the increase in the and 4.) Driving for pleasure and walking for pleasure are 4-day work week this pattern will change. Businesses that second and third in popularity with peak season demands of adjust to the system by opening for trade only four days a week over 33 million and 29 million, respectively. Playing outooor are likely to split fairly evenly in electing Friday or Monday as games, ranked fourth in activity popularity, accounts for a the additional holiday. Thus recreation areas will now be demand of almost 20 million people. Picnicking, sightseeing, experiencing a four-day peak use period leaving only three days fishing, boating, bicycling and nature walking round out the ten for the resources to rest. most popular outdoor recreation activities in 1970. It is reasonable to conclude that Americans with adequate Outdoor recreation in New Jersey on an average weekend incomes who have an increasing number of leisure hours will day in the 1970 peak season totaled 4,668,400 people. Nearly spend more time in recreation participation. To some extent this 48% of this demand occurred on vacations, trips and outings impact has already been felt. Nevertheless, dramatic large taken in New Jersey by out-of-state residents and New Jersey scale increases in leisure activities are not likely to occur in residents traveling outside of their region. This high away the immediate future-the next five to ten years-unless lei- demand is indicative of the tremendous attraction that the sure time and income for all Americans increase significantly. various recreational areas in New Jersey, in particular the shore areas, exert on both New Jersey residents and people in New Jersey's RSI. Approximately 60% of the total away demand, 2,235,100 people on an average weekend day, or nearly 30% of the total demand was generated by out-of-state residents desiring to recreate in New Jersey. This high demand from out-of-state 4@ r esidents may be traced specifically to two major New Jersey recreation attractions, the shore and the lake regions, which are within close proximity to two of the largest metropolitan centers in the United States, New York City and Philadelphia. Since New Jersey residents can easily drive to any region in the State in a relatively short time, they may satisfy their recreation desires, which cannot be met by recreation facilities in their own region, in other regions. For the most part, the Northwest, North Shore and South Shore regions, which pos- sess attractive natural recreation features and the major 7 37 0 TABLE 3: RANKING BY POPULARITY OF TWENTY-THREE portion of the developed recreation facilitie OUTDOOR RECREATION ACTIVITIES of this interregional demand. 1970 As home demand is a function of regiq( (in Recreation Days, Peak Season Demand) highest home demands are in the more regions. The Northeast Region alone accou Swimming 38,731,414 Ice Skat i ng 5,014,118 of the State home demand. Dr.iving for Pleasure 33,497,825 Camping 2,778,600 Walking for Pleasure 29,134,123 Hunting 3,728,734 REGIONAL DEMAND Playing Outdoor Games 19,733,592 Water Skiing 1,823,584 Picnicking 14,111,780 Hiking 1,743,625 On an average weekend day during the Sqightseeing 12,063,002 Attending Outdoor Concerts 1,683,857 Fishing 0,637,482 Horseback Riding 1,268,661 is an outdoor recreation (home and away) Boat i ng 7,964,043 Snow Skiing 1,201,668 people in the Northwest Region. The region' Bicycling 7,131,093 Sailing 613,631 scenic qualities and abundance of state, Nature Walking 5,636,472 Canoe ing 468,090 recreation facilities have a combined eff Attending Outdoor Sport 5,537,280 Mountain Climbing 63,809 relatively high away demand of 181,700 peo Sledding 5,528,605 Over 64% of the North Central Regi 424,300 people, is away demand. This la 271,600 people, can be attributed to t proximity to the densely populated Newz TABLE 4: RECREATION DEMAND IN NEW JERSEY AVERAGE WEEKEND DAY IN THE PEAK SEASON 1970 OUTDOOR RECREATION ACTIVITIES Driving Walking Playing Attending Nature Region for for Outdoor Swimming Sightseeing Bicycling Fishing Outdoor Picnicking Walking Bng Hunting Horse ack Camping Ice. Sledding Hiking or Outdoor eas Go-. Sports Riding Skating Sklq@ 9 Concerts Canoeing on" W Pleasure P, or, Northwest 34,200 26 400 19,300 46.800 14,300 6,600 13.400 6,400 16,100 6,70C 9,5DO 3,400 1100 4,300 38.900 5 500 1'8 1,9D 1,7 0 500 Home 1,00 12q:400 17:6 0 3900 12 900 2,900 1,00 1,500 3.800 1,400 1,800 6DO Goo 18,800 2q:000 60000 GDO 6000 100 Away 22,400 14,000 1 7000 7q:900 1:400 00 12,400 4,900 12,300 5,300 7,700 2,800 5q90 4,300 20,100 3500 1.200 1,300 1.100 400 North Central 55,900 44,500 31,800 73.500 22,600 11,100 20.500 10,200 25.700 10,500 15 00 1 1 q:0, 6.500 65 0 9 2,90U 3,100 2,800 Boo 1 1 1:2 He.. 22,400 23,600 14,400 6.906 5,500 5,600 2.000 2.800 7,300 2,600 3:100 00 1 '00 35 70 39 0 1,200 1,100 1,200 300 Away 33,500 20,900 17,400 56,600 17,10 5,500 18,500 7,400 18,400 7,900 11,600 4,100 800 6,500 30 'l 000 5q:2000 1,700 2,000 1,600 50qw- Northeast 192,00 197,800 121 900 154,00 50,200 46,800 21.700 24 900 64,800 23,900 32 1 0 10400 910 2,000 233,000 32,900 10,00 9 00 9 9qM 2400 Home 181,500 19100 116q:400 137.000 44,8 45,100 1,900 22q:600 59,000 21,400 28q:5000 9q:100 8q:90(o) 225,600 31,300 9.500 9q:,100 9q:40D 22q:200 Away 10,500 6,600 5,500 17,800 5,400 1,700 5,800 2,3DO 5,800 2,500 3,600 1,3DO 200 2,000 7,400 1.600 500 600 500 200 Central Corridor 65,600 65,800 41,100 56,700 111:200 15,700 9,400 8,900 23,000 8,600 11,00 3,800 3,000 1,500 774 0 11q:200 3q:4 0 3 400 3,400 Soo 1 0 Home 57,900 61,000 37,100 43,700 4 300 144 0 5 1 7 200 18,800 6,800 9,100 2,900 2,800 72q:0DO 10000 3 0000 2q:900 3,000 700 Away 7700 4,800 4,000 13,000 3,90D 1q:3000 4q:30000 1q:700 4,200 1,800 2,700 900 200 1,500 5,400 1,200 400 500 400 q100 North Shore 105,300 80800 59000 145500 44,700 20,300 42,100 19,800 50,100 20,700 29,800 10.400 3,400 13,600 92,700 17000 5 5 5 90 5 2 0 1q,q500 H 34 7 0 36q:600 22q:300 26q: 200 8,600 8,600 3,000 4,300 11,300 4,100 5,400 1,700 1700 43,200 6q:000 1q:80000 1q:7000 1q:8000 400 qoqmqe 0q: 0 44,200 36,700 119,300 36,100 11,700 39,100 15,500 38,600 16,600 24.400 8,700 700 13.600 49,500 1000 3.700 4 00 300 1q, 100 Away 7 6(03 1q: 2 Southwest 59.700 58,900 37,100 53.300 17,000 14,100 9,300 8,200 2,1,400 8,100 11,000 3 6 2.70 1,700 35600 10 100 3 100 3.000 3000 700 Home 50800 53400 32500 38300 12 500 12,600 4.400 6,300 16,500 6.000 7,900 2q:50000 2.5000 32q:400 8q:700 2q:600 2,500 2,600 600 Away 8q:900 5q:500 4q:600 15q:000 4q:500 1,00 4,900 1,900 4 900 2,100 3,100 1100 200 1,700 3,200 1,400 Soo Soo 400 100 South Shore 140,600 93,800 74,800 225,100 68,300 24,300 71,700 29,600 74q:300 31,500 46.000 16,300 3.700 24,600 54 50 22000 7,300 8,30 6,800 2,2 Home 3 400 14,200 8.600 10200 3,3DO 3,300 1,2DO 1,700 4,400 1,600 2,100 700 700 8q:60(o) 2q:300 700 7000 700 20q00q0 way 1 4q:900 65,000 21,000 70.500 27.900 69,00 29,900 43.900 15,600 3,000 24,600 A 127q:200 79,600 66.200 21 600 6,100 2q1000 Delaware Bay 16,600 14,500 9800 9,000 5,900 3.500 4,600 2.700 6,900 2.700 3,900 1,300 700 1,300 800 200 Home 9,700 10,200 6,00 7,300 2,40D 2,40D Boo 1,200 3,100 1,100 1,500 Soo 500 500 q100 Away 6,900 4,300 3,600 11,700, 3,500 1,100 3.800 1 600 2,400 800 200 , 300 300 qtqoqo State Total DO 1107 0 282,300 .q:. .00 @82', 0 1 3S4 00 [email protected]:7 00 11:2.. 1.42:41.0 112:7 00 47 600 124:200 12 7,10 111 14,q:400 21,r. 11,.0 33600 9q,100 S 3 2q:20. 402 24, 4 2 D q12,.3DO S:, 00 3q:,2 Home 4 4 '00 1@ l('0 IS800 19,800 4 600 159, 00, 1581 00 67,700 99,400 35,300 6800 55,500 13.800 4 500 287,700 179,900 149,700 486,200 146,900 .3,10 Away 47,500 3 "500 3"00 *Reflects the skating demwd for natural and artificial areas. 38 Due to the popularity of water-based activities, the South t I ci@is gain Ii U.0,P-4- Shore Region has an away demand totaling 961,100 people; the highest in the State. This region is readily accessible to two of the country's largest concentrations of population-the Garden State Parkway links the region to the northeastern New Jersey-New York metropolitan area, and the Atlantic City Expressway is the major east-west route linking the region to the Philadelphia area. The overall demand of 1,039,900 people is the second highest in the State. The Delaware Bay Region, the least populated region in the State, has a home demand for outdoor recreation on the average weekend day in the peak season of 57,300 people, the lowest of all regions. The region'9 away demand of only 52,300 metropolitan area and the retention of the rural character people is also the lowest in the State. of portions of the region. The highly urbanized Northeast Region, where nearly 50% of New Jersey's population lives, has the highest home demand in the State-1,170,700 people on an average weekend day during the peak season. This high demand is due, in part, to the large number of low income people living in the urban centers who lack the mobility to travel to recreation areas outside of the region. The region's low away demand, 82,900 people, is + indicative of its lack of recreation facilities to attract out of region residents. nd The Central Corridor has a fairly high home dema of 373,500 people and a relatively low away demand of 60,800 people. This is the result of the increasing suburban population that is raising the home demand and the general lack of region- N al recreation facilities that discourage away demand. The North Shore Region with its extensively developed water-oriented recreation facilities has a high recreation demand of 781,600. Due primarily to its proximity to the highly populated New York-New Jersey urban complex, the region has an away demand of 557,700 people on an average weekend day in the peak season. FYI, The Southwest Region, one of the most populated regions average weekend day during the peak season. Due to the S@ of the State, has a home demand of 296,200 people on an region's lack of recreation facilities, the away demand amounts to only 67,000 people. 39 0 TABLE 5: OUTDOOR RECREATION DEMAND* Outdoor Rqeerqeatioqn 1970, 1985 and 2000 (by Region) 1985 aud 2000 1970 1985 2000 The total outdoor recreation demand on Region Home Total Home Total Home Total end day in the peak season is projected t Northwest 80,200 261,900 119,500 349800 181,200 483,400 people by 1985 and 9,172,400 by the year 2 North Central 152,700 424,300 249,000 593.300 394,300 846,200 5, 6 and 7). These figures represent gains respectively, over the 1970 demand. This tr Northeast 1,170,700 1,253,600 1,705,100 1810100 2,387,200 2,525,600 in future demand reflects the anticipated in Central Corridor 373,500 434300 583,700 660.400 882,400 9153,200 growth, improvements in socio-economic North Shore 223,900 781,600 373,100 1,078800 588,500 1,516,200 Jersey and expansion of existing facility su Southwest 296,200 363,200 475,700 560,100 728,000 839,600 participation. South Shore 78.800 1,039,900 116,100 1,329,900 168,400 1,770,300 Due to anticipated population growth demand for home oriented outdoor recreat Delaware Bay 57,300 109,600 84,700 151,000 120,800 2013,400 estimated to increase at a more rapid pace State Totals 2,433,300 4,668,400 3,706,900 6,533,400 5.450,800 9,172,900 By the year 2000, the home demand will ha on an average weekend day in the peak season while away demand will have increased 96 the total demand was home demand; by 2 will account for nearly 60% of total demand. TABLE 6: RECREATION DEMAND IN NEW JERSEY AVERAGE WEEKEND DAY IN THE PEAK SEASON, 1985 OUTDOOR RECREATION ACTIVITIES Driving Walking Playing Attending I Region fo for Outdoor SWI-Ing Sghteelng Bicycling Fishing Outdoor Picnicking Nature Eloati,g H..ti.g Horseback R Camping s Ice War. ar Outdoor Pleasure Pleasure Games sports Walking iding linflng Sledding HIM2p Skln Concerts Canceqing Northwest 42,200 32,700 26,400 65,100 21,300 8,30 16,000 7,200 19,100 8100 13,300 3,400 1,300 7,000 56,600 8200 2,900 3100 200 70q0 Home 16,300 17,200 11,700 14,000 4900 4,000 1,500 2,200 4,400 ,000 3,000 800 800 29,800 3 100 1,1001 1 000 900 300 Away 25,9GO 15,500 14,700 51,100 16,400 4.300 14.500 000 14,700 6.100 10,300 2,600 Soo 7,000 26,800 100 1,8001 q:100 1,400 400 North Central 72,400 58,700 46,100 105,300 34,500 14,700 24,800 12.000 33,500 13,100 21,700 5,600 2,40(5 10,500 101,600 14,1 5,000 1 1,200 3.900 q100 Home 33,700 35,600 24,200 28,900 10000 8300 3,100 4,600 11,500 4,000 6,300 1,600 1.600 11,100 6q@4'01 2301 ,100 1.900 500 '0 , Away 3700 23,100 21W 76AG0 24,50 6,400 21,700 7,400 22,GGO 9,100 15,400 4,OOG 800 10,500 40,tOO 7 7 :70. 3,100 2.000 q600 Northeast 256,100 265,300 182,900 233,200 80,400 62,20-0 29 400 35.360 q89-'900 -3q- 12 -106 -3,300 T4JO 000 2:200 50300 12,800 Home 243,900 258,000 176,000 209,200 72,700 60,200 22q:600 33,000 83, 29 300 45q:500 [email protected] 11800 1 347800 46100 16,800 15,500 14,100 3,800 Away 12,200 7,300 6,900 24,000 7,700 2,000 6,800 2.300 6.900 2,900 4,800 200 300 3,300 1 9,800 2.400 800 1,000 600 200 Central Corridor 92,400 93600 65 00 89 1 30,5 0 22,100 12.700 13.5,00 33,400 12.100 19,100 4,900 4.300 2,400 1 126.300 17.600 6.400 6,000 5.300 1 0 Home 83,500 88q:300 60:110 71q:150 24,9000 20,600 7,700 11,300 28,400 10.000 15,600 4.000 4,100 119,100 15 800 5,800 5,300 4,800 q'30DqOqO Away 8900 5,300 5,00(o) 17,500 5,600 1,500 5000 1,700 5,000 2,100 3,500 900 __._200_ _2,400 7.200 1q:800 600 700 500 100 North Shore 135,000 105,200 84,600 206,800 67,600 26,700 50700 22,900 64,600 25,700 42,400 10,800 4.300 22@100 142,100 26,300 9,406 9900 7,400 2.200 H a 53400 56 500 38 400 45 goo 1 900 3 2W 4900 17 200 1 200 5 400 000 21500 2600 7(1@1.. 10,1100 3,700 3q@400 3,100 800 A02y 8 600 48q:700 46q:200 161q:DO 5510 3q:500 4: 5q:700 4B6:400 19 1302q:400 80 1,700 22,100 66,000 16,200 5,700 6,500 4,300 1,400 -_ q- -- ____ __ _]_ 4,1O qA0q6 Southwest 5,700 6,000 60,200 85,000 29,000 20,300 12700 12,200 31,500 10 18,200 4,600 3,00 2,800 59q:701 1411 5,900 5,600 4 Home 75,500 7900 54,400 64,800 22,500 18,600 7,000 10,200 25 7 0 900 14,100 3,600 3,700 5400 1 @.O 1 1,200 4.800 4,400 1q,q200 Away 10,200 6,100 5800 20,200 6,500 1,700 5.700 2.000 5q:8000 2.400 4,100 1,000 2,800 4,300 52,000 200 q-200 - - South Sho a 165,400 107,300 96,500 305900 98.700 28,900 84,200 30,800 9,900 36,900 61,700 15,900 4,000 39900 74 700 2700 111 500i 12 900 8,60 qiqiq;qbo 9 P' """g 16'1'0 14.50. 4qr24 0q1q0 3,10. 2, ". Home 18,400 19,500 13,300 15,800 5,500 4,500 1,700 2,500 86,300 2200 3,400 00 900 1q:500 3q:500 1q:3001 1q:200 1,10 300 Away 147000 87 800 83 200 2 0,100 93,200 24,400 82,500 28,300 83,600 34700 3,10 39,900 6 21.200 10,200 11,700 7,70 2,500 1`00 27 9 0 go 35DO 5,700 1,40 133 0 1 4000 33 0 1 200 800 1,6 2 500 600 600 -'q@" "4" _ ___fq- __ Home 0 56.0 1 '500 o 800 200 "I".. q" 1" 70000 5o 1,3000 4,500 1q: 500 4,500 1'9000 3q:200 800 200 1.600 1600 600 100 Away 8000 '1.00 4.500 2 200 :1,70. State Totals 870,500 1117,500 371,100 187,800 236,200 136.700 570,900 143,100 232,400 59,400 E, 10C EI6q@0 g@ '06 U,800 60 200 60.00 3,900 46 00 160,400 132,700 49,700 72,8182,000 64600 100,400 25,600 26.100 it eaw- Say _@_1300 2qT767,7.O57 100 4:6 9 5q:7 3,30 _9,000 800 -2,200 11qZ 60 1,400 q300 H me 5000 714,000 01800 37 10 34,100 8,40q0 0 '1 5q'q:'00 210,700 55,100 186,5 0 63,900 188,900 78tOO 132,000 33,800 7,000 90.200 219.100 3 000 way 6 ,. 7 7 19. " 1.. 0. 3,000 2 26,500 _41,6 q'q0q' "00 A 332,500 2 141 5,500 40 Since home demand is a fumction of each region's poplua- tion, the regions with high projects population growth rates also have the highest projectd population growth rates Between 1970 and 2000 the North Shore Region's population is projected to increase by 63%, the highest relative gain in the State. During the same time period, the North Shore's demand is estimated to increase 163%, the highest proportional regional increase in New Jersey. Similarly, the Northeast Region, with the lowest projected growth rate (23%), will have the lowest relative gain in home demand, 115%. Each region's relative share of the total away demand is expected to remain similar to that of 1970. The main recreation attractions will still remain in the shore and lake regions of the State and therefore thest regions will recieve the major portion of the away demand. The south shore region with away demands in 1985 and 2000 of 1,213,800 and 1,601,900, re- specitively, will remain the focal point of outdoor recreation in New Jersey. SUPPLY OF LAND RESOURCES - Existing and Mroposed Supply Presently, the South Shore Region has 156,509 acres of recreation land and the Northwest Regionlips 141,919. These of Reereation Resourees* two regions account for over 45% of the recreation land in New Jersey. EXISTING PROPOSED Prior to the passage and implementation of the New Jersey During the past several years the voters of New Jersey Green Acres Bond Act of 1961, open space recreation land have approved two major recreation land acquisition bond under public ownership (federal, interstate, state, county and issues, the New Jersey Green Acres Bond Act of 1971 for $80 municipal) totaled 323,068 acres. Due primarily to the accom- million and the Water Resources Bond Act of 1969 which pro- plishments of the Green Acres Program and federal acquisition for the Delaware Water Gap National Recreational Area, the TABLE 1: EXISTING RECREATION LAND public land total increased to 473,283 acres in 1970. 1970 In addition to the,publicly owned lands, there are 178,581 (acres) acres of privately owned land devoted to outdoor recreation. Region Municipal County I State Federal Interstate Private Total Combined, the public and private sectors provide 651,864 1 - - acres of recreation land. (See Table 1.) Northwest 347 4 60,257 16,368 - 64,943 141,919 The State administers the bulk of New Jersey's recreation North Central 1,605 4,793 26,069 6,856 - 38,238 75,561 land, 371,842 acres or 57%. The private sector's contribution of Northeast 5.375 16,358 1,322 16 2.430 ", 827 37,328 178,581 acres amounts to 27.4% of the State's total recreation Central Corridor 4,151 7,577 5,395 - - ",B43 28.966 land. At present the Federal Government provides 45,239 acres North Shore 1,310 2,109 51.271 733 - 8,418 63,841 or just 7% of the total recreation land while municipal and county levels of government, together, supply 53,772 acres or Southwest 1,384 4,030 67.432 - - 18,094 90.940 8.2%. South Shore 1,110 1,549 113,333 20,631 - 19.886 156,509 1 it I Delaware Bay 1,905 165 48,763 635 - 5,332 56,800 Major public open space and recreation areas are shown on Appendix 0 1 map entitled, "Major Public Open Space and Recreation Areas in New State Totals 36,585 1 371,842 45,239 2,430 178,581 651,864 Jersey". 42 vided $29 million for reservoir land purchase. Primarily through Under present plans, recreation lands administered by the these new bond issues, plus completion of the 1961 Green Federal Government in New Jersey will increase by 38,771 Acres Program and continued acquisition for the Delaware acres. At the local levels, municipalities propose to acquire Water Gap National Recreation Area, over 120,000 acres of 10,874 acres while counties plan to purchase 7,241 acres. land will be added to the 1970 land supply to boost the total Largely because of the acquisition programmed by the recreation land in the State to 774,163 acres. (See Tables 2 Federal Government to complete the Delaware Water Gap and 3.) National Recreation Area, the land acreage proposed for ac- quisition in the Northwest Region (49,920 acres) is the largest regional total. Sizable land acquisition programs are also scheduled in the South Shore (24,321 acres), North Shore (16,919 acres), and North Central (10,851 acres) regions. When the proposed acquisitions are completed, over 47% of New Jersey's total recreation land of 774,163 acres will be located in the South Shore and Northwest regions. The North- V@ east and the Central Corridor regions will have the lowest re- gional totals with 40,690 acres and 36,748 acres, respectively. TABLE 2: PROPOSED RECREATION LAND (acres) 17, Reg ion Municipal County State Federal Take I Northwest 1.283 1.413 30.800 49,920 16,424 North Central 2.992 115 7,552 192 10,146 Northeast 696 1.952 714 0 3,362 Central Corridor 1,755 1,273 4,754 0 7,782 ZIP North Shore 2,474 1,537 8,618 4,932 16,919 0 8,866 Southwest 723 0 8,143 South Shore 838 582 24,321 -wMOW 60 22,821 Delaware Bay 113 871 3,79 2,365 7,142 3 State Totals 1 10,874 1 7.241 72,819 1 38,771 129,705 Although the various levels of government in New Jersey TABLE 3:FUTURE TOTAL RECREATION LAND combined have identified 129,705 acres of land as possessing (acres) Region Municipal County State Federal Interstate Private Total the potential of being developed for recreational use, the net Northwest 1,630 1,417 70,0701 47,168 0 64,943 185,228 gain in the State's land supply resulting from the proposed North Central 4,597 4,908 31,621 7,048 0 38,238 86,412 Northeast 6,071 18,310 2.036 16 2,430 11,827 40,690 acquisition programs will actually amount to 122,299 acres. Central Corridor 5,906 8,850 10,149 0 0 11,843 36,748 North Shore 3 784 3 646 59.05V 5.565 0 8,418 80,507 (See Table 2.) The reason for this is that the federal program Southwest 2:107 4@030 75,575 0 0 18,094 99,806 includes 7,406 acres of state land which is presently dedicated South Shore 1,948 1,629 136,154 21,213 0, 19,886 180,830 to recreational use that is expected to be transferred to the Delaware Say 2.018 1.036 52,556 3,000 0 5,332 63,942 National Park Service for the Delaware Water Gap National State Totals 1 28,061 1 43.826 1 437.255 1 8010 1 2,430 1 178,581 1 774.163 'The expected transfer at Worthington skate Forest (5,624 acres) to the National Park S-1ce and the anticipated Corps Of Engineers purchases (t-l- Recreation Area and the Gateway National Recreation Area. nor app-imately 787 xres@ of the Walpack Fish and Wildlife Management Area and a Section Of the Flattarook Fish and Wildlife Managernent Area far The state level proposes to undertake the largest acquisi- the Delaware water Gap National Recreation Area we reflected in this figure. 2Tneex clad transfer to the Department of the Interim of real property and rights totaling 795 acres lor the Gateway National Recreation Area is re- tion program with 72,819 acres identified for future purchase. flectitaipien this figure. 43 FEDERAL RECREATION S UPPL Y are permitted. Hunting is prohibited at all areas except the state administered Killcohook National Wildlife Refuge and EXISTING a 5,000 acre section of the Brigantine National Wildlife Refuge. The 1970 attendance figures for the Great Swamp National The Federal Government presently holds title to 45,239 Wildlife Refuge, the Barnegat National Wildlife Refuge, and the acres of land in New Jersey that are predominately used for Brigantine National Wildlife Refuge were 141,000, 27,248, and recreation. Of this total, 26,421 acres are administered by 164,557, respectively. the Fish and Wildlife Service, 17,751 acres by the National Park Service, and 1,067 acres by the U.S. Army Corps of Engi- Delaware Water Gap neers and the U.S. Coast Guard. (Appendix C gives a detailed listing of all federal recreation areas in New Jersey.) Table 4 shows existing and proposed federal recreation lands by region and Table 5 shows developed recreation facilities at federal and interstate areas by region. The National Park Service V JA The National Park Service administers three areas in New Jersey: the Morristown National Historic Park in Morris County, the Edison National Historic Site in Essex County and the Dela- ware Water Gap National Recreation Area in Sussex and War ren counties. At the first two areas, the National Park Service has developed primarily historical interpretive facilities; how- ever, at Morristown, recreation facilities including hiking and equestrian i trails and picnicking areas are also provided. At the DelawarQ Water Gap National Recreation Area, a wide variety of outdoor recreation activities may be engaged in by park visitors. These activities include hunting, swimming, ca- noeing, boating, fishing, ice skating, hiking, camping, and picnicking. Annual visitation to National Park Service areas in 1970 amounted to 1,272,200 with the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area accounting for 815,200 visits. The Fish and Wildlife Service The United States Army Corps of Engineers The Fish and Wildlife Service owns four national wildlife and The Coast Guard refuges in the State, one of which is administered by the New These agencies administer several small sites in the North Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. Since these Shore and South Shore regions. The Corps maintains three areas are maintained primarily for conservation purposes, only areas: the Bay Head-Manasquan Canal, the Manasquan River those activities that are compatible with each site's resources Channel, and the Cape May Canal, all of which are used by 44 TABLE 4: EXISTING AND PROPOSED ities for boating, fishing and swimming pro FEDERAL RECREATION LAND (acres) However, if the reservoir is deleted fr 1970 PROPOSED DWGNRA will still become a reality but w Total ited variety of activity opportunities. Pr National Fish & Other Existing National Fish & Proposed Future Park Wildlife Federal Federal Park Wildlife Federal Federal made for hiking, horseback riding, picnic Region Service Service Agencies Land Sere ice Service Land Land historic interpretation. Northwest 16,368 0 0 16,368 27,800 3,000 30,800 47,168 The DWGNRA, little more than one h North Central 1,367 5.489 0 6,856 3 189 192 7,048 York City and Philadelphia, will serve population who live within 100 miles of Northeast 16 0 0 16 0 0 0 visitation, in line with the environment Central Corridor 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 valley, approaching four million people North Shore 0 652 81 733 0 4,832 4,832 5,565 recreation area when it is completed. Southwest 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Congress just recently authorized thE South Shore 0 19,645 986 20,631 0 582 582 21,213 Gateway National Recreation Area in the New Jersey-New York urban complex. ThE De I aware Bay 0 635 0 635 0 2,365 2,365 3.000 composed of a number of separate rec State Totals 1 17,751 26,421 1,067 45,239 27,803 10,968 38,771 84,010 TABLE 5: FEDERAL RECREATION ARE boating enthusiasts. The Coast Guard maintains several light- AND PALISADES INTERSTATE house stations which are mainly of historic interest to tourists. DEVELOPED RECREATIONAL 1970 FEDERAL RECREATION A PROPOSED Facilities Notrullarest North Central North Shore South Shot Swimming Permsant Pools 1 When acquisition is completed for the Delaware Water Ft. of Shoreline 250 Acres of Beach Gap National Recreational Area, the recreation area will en- Boating Areas Ramps compass over 70,000 acres of land in New Jersey and Pennsyl- Berths water Acreage 2,000 2,200 vania. At the present time, 16,400 acres of the proposed 44,210 No. of Fac. water Acres 240 2,000 2.200 acre New Jersey section have been acquired. In view of the mi. of Shoreline 29.7 0.7 0. CamPiing Family Sites 30 uncertainty of the future of the reservoir and the limited acqui- Hiking miles of Trails 31 23.9 sition which has taken place, very little recreation development bicycling miles of Trails Horseback Riding has occurred. Miles of Trails 4.4 8.4 Hunting Current plans call for the DWGNRA to stretch on both Acres 7.570 5.O Picnicking sides of the proposed 37 mile lake just below the scenic Deqla- Acres Table. so 24 Ice Skating - Natural Areas ware Water Gap to above Milford, Pennsylvania. The 12,425 No. of Sites Acres 6 acre reservoir which will be formed by a dam at the northern Ice Skating - Artificail acres Snow Skiing tip of Tocks Island will be used for flood control, water supply, Acres Outdoor Games and sports Playgrounds Game court According to the master plan for the DWGNRA, the reser- Golf- 18 holes Golf- 9 holes Golf Par3 voir will be the focal point of recreation development with facil- Jersey and New York in the vicinity of the Lower New York Bay will feature two high use water-oriented recreation complexes: one on Sandy Hook peninsula in New Jersey and another at Breezy Point in New York. The 1,700 acre Sandy Hook unit, i which will have a daily capacity of about 50,000 people, will serve the densely populated northeastern section of New Jer- sey. MA - INTERSTATE RECREATION AREA The Palisades Interstate Park is a unique are a in New Jer- sey, extending 13 miles along the Hudson River from Fort Lee in Bergen County to the New York State line. Regarded as one of the more scenic features of the northeastern part of the United States, the lands were originally acquired to preserve the skyline of the Palisades. This park totals 2,430 acres of scenic views, picnicking High Point and hiking trails which attracted 1,854,583 visitors in 1970. It is maintained by the Palisades Interstate Park Commission, STATE RECREATION SUPPLY a bi-state agency established by law in 1900 when the states of New York and New Jersey joined together to preserve the high EXISTING bluff along the west shore of the Hudson River. Just recently, Three divisions within the New Jersey Department of En- the Palisades Shore Trail and Palisades Long Path were desig- vironmental Protection are responsible for the administration nated as National Recreation Trails. of state owned recreation areas. The Division of Parks and Forestry maintains the state parks, forests, natural areas, recreation areas, marinas and historic sites and, under the provision of statutes and approval of the Division of Water Resources, operates two reservoirs as state recreation areas; and the Division of Fish, Game and Shellfisheries administers f the state fish and wildlife management areas. State parks and forests are generally developed for recreation while I state fish and wildlife management areas remain relatively undisturbed expanses of land suitable for hunting, fishing, and nature interpretation. Although state reservoirs, dams, opera- tional structures and related appurtenances are constructed, operated and maintained by the Division of Water Resources for water supply purposes, much of their water surface area and the lands bordering them are available and used for recrea- tion. 46 Over 5,500,000 people visit New Jersey's state parks, TABLE 6: EXISTING STATE RECREATION LAND forests, and historic sites annually. The North Shore Region 1971 primarily due to the two shore state parks- Island Beach and (acres) Sandy Hook State Parks-accounts for 34% (1,872,820 visi- Fish and tors) of the total attendance at state recreation facilities. Three Wildlife His- Rec - Reseir- Managenard Natural toric reation V Ifif Misc.' other regions receiving high proportions of the state facility Region Parks Forests Areas Areas Sites Areas Marrinas Sites Areast Total visitation -Northwest, South Shore, and North Central -attract Northwest 21,502 21,023 9.B31 446 1 6.208 0 0 1,246 60,257 collectively 2,565,756 visitors or 46% of the state visitation. North Central 7,940 4.150 5,285 294 0 0 0 0 6,400 24.069 Yet these four regions, which attract 80% of annual attendance, Northeast 1,299 a 0 0 9 0 0 a 14 1,322 have only 27% of the State's population, indicating that a high proportion of visitation originates outside of the regions. Central Corridor 3,025 0 135 52 15 0 0 754 1.414 5.395 The various state recreation areas total 371,842 acres. A North Shore 8,530 9,309 33.159 108 7 0 23 15 120 51,271 high proportion of this acreage, 113,333 acres or 30% of the Southwest 2,794 60.318 4,310 0 10 0 0 0 0 67,432 total, is situated in the South Shore Region. Ranking second, South Shore 690 ,79,189 30,261 3.066 4 0 28 0 95 113,333 the Southwest Region has 67,432 acres or 18% and, ranking Delaware Say 1,229 1,523 45,897 100 1 0 15 0 0 48,763 third, the Northwest Region has 60,257 acres or 16%. (See Table 6.) State Totals 47.009 175,512 128,878 4,066 47 6.208 CA 769 9,289 371,842 State Parks '01 the Northwest and North Central regional totals, 480 and 6400 acres, respectively, are under conservation easergents. New Jersey's state parks have been established to provide facilities for healthful outdoor recreation, to preserve the native TABLE 7: PROPOSED AND FUTURE flora and fauna in their natural conditions, and to preserve STATE RECREATION LAND (acres) areas of outstanding historic significance. Nearly all of the PROPOSED RECREATION LAND GREEN ACRES PROGRAMS Total parks have been set aside as wildlife sanctuaries where hunting 1961 1971 1 Total Water Tula I Future Bond Bond Green Resourc 8 Proposed State is prohibited. Region Issue team Acres Funds Land Rec. Land The majority of the 39 state parks totaling 47,009 acres Northwest 225 15,229 15,454 970 16,424 70,070- are developed to some degree for recreation. (For acreage and North Central 457 5,045 5,502 2,050 7.552 31,621 attendance figures for each park see Appendix D.) The major Northeast 14 700 714 0 714 2,M6 activities at most state parks are picnicking, fishing, swimming, Central Corridor 20 2,388 2,408 2.346 4,754 10,149 camping, hiking, driving for pleasure, and playing outdoor games. In Table 8, the developed recreation facilities provided North Shore 589 6,039 6,628 1,990 8,618 59,094'- in state parks are reported by region. A large portion of the Southwest 354 7,789 8,143 0 8,143 75,575 state park acreage is contained in the Northwest Region. The South Shore 525 22,296 22,821 0 22,821 136,154 state parks in this region, totaling 21,502 acres or 46% of the Delaware Bay 470 3,323 3,793 0 3,793 52,556 state park acreage, have intensive development and accom- State Totals 2,654 62,809 65.463 7,356 72,819 437.255 modate over 800,000 visitors annually. However, the most 'Represents estimated acreage which will be acquired under the 1971 Green Acres Bond IS e. intensively used state parks are Island Beach and Sandy Hook Represents the sum of existing State recreation land and the not gain of supply achieved through the State's proposed acquisition program. State Parks in the North Shore Region. These two shore water- *The expected transfer of Worthington State Fares( (5,824 acres) to the National Park service and the anticipated Corps of Engineers' purchases (totaling approximately 787 acres) of the walpack Fish and Wildlife management Area, and a section of the Flatbrook Fish and Wi Wile manage- oriented parks combined receive over 1,350,000 visitors an- ment Area for the Delaware water Gap National Recreation Area are reflected in this figure. -Th.,expecled transfer to the Deperfmant of Interior Of real property and rights totaling 795 acres for the Gateway National Recreation Area is re- nually. flec ed in his Iigure. 47 State Forests regions. Within these regions are locate There are 10 New Jersey state forests totaling 175,512 the largest state forest in New Jersey com acres. The state forests are not generally as developed as state and the major portion (17,704 acres) o parks and are oriented more toward the backwoods type of out- state forest, Lebanon State Forest, totaling door recreation such as hunting, camping, fishing, picnicking State Recreation Areas and hiking. Besides having recreational facilities, the state forests serve as wildlife and plant life conservation areas, as State recreation areas offer opportunities for a wide variety well as providing a visual or aesthetic break in the developed of outdoor activities and are characteristically more intensively sprawl of our suburban countryside and a natural retreat for developed for recreation than other state areas, The three the urbanite. (For acreages and attendance figures of the state existing state recreation areas, totaling 6,208 acres are all forests refer to Appendix E, and for the regional breakdown of located in the Northwest Region. (See Appendix F for acreage state forest recreation facilities refer to Table 9.) and attendance figures for each area.) Two of these areas, State forests occur in all but two regions, the Northeast Round Valley and Spruce Run Recreation Areas, utilize the and Central Corridor. About 80% (139,507 acres) of the state recreation potential of state reservoirs by providing facilities forest lands are located in the South Shore and Southwest for water-oriented activities. Presently, activities at these sites TABLE 8: STATE PARKS TABLE 9: STATE FORESTS DEVELOPED RECREATIONAL FACILITIES DEVELOPED RECREATIONAL 1970 1970 Facilities Northwest North Central Northeast Central Corridor North Shore Southwest South Shore Delaware Bay State Total Facilities Northwest North Central Northeast Central Conido, North S Swimming Swimming Permanent P Is Permanent Pools Ft. of Shoreline 6DO 600 Ft. of shoreline Acres of Beech 6 5.5 3 37 4 55.5 Acres of Beach 3 Boa' Ing Boating Areas Areas It Ramps 2 B rths Water Acreage 1.303 157 90 1,550 Water Acreage 10 Fhg Flshn No. of F. 1.677 N . 01 Fac. W ter Acres 1,303 240 35 9 go W ter Acres 143 -Mi. Shoreline 4.5 4.6 23 25 .4 35 Mi. of Shoreline 5 1 C- Camping Family Sites 190 53 57 57 357 Family Sites 198 Hiking Hiking Miles of Trails 23.4 31_ 9.7 13.1 1.5 9 07.7 _M ]..of Trails 40.3 19.8 1 Bicycling Bicycling Miles of Trails Miles of Trails Horseback Riding Horseback Aiding Miles of Trails 20 5.0 5 30 Miles Of Trails 38 1 Hunting Hunting Acres 7.850 3,551 905 550 13.156 Acres 13.340 4.150 9,3 Picnicking Picnicking A Acres Table. 564 725 525 152 192 2,158 Tables 108 e Skating Ice Sksting Na I Areas Natural Areas No. of Sites No. Of Sites -Acres 15 24 6 45 Acres 15 Ice Skin in Ice Skating Art iiil An ificial Acres Acres Show Skiing Snow Skiing Acres Acres Outdoor Games & Sports Outdoor Games and Sports Playgrounds 7 5 4 1 2 19 playground 3 li.1da 6 3 8 1 26 Open Playlields 4 Courts G me C on. 1" 8 holes G.If_I 8 holes Go holes (3014 hole Go 2p2p Goll-Par 3 48 are limited to boating, waterfowl hunting and fishing, but within the very near future facility development for swimming, hiking, #4'1 picnicking and camping will be completed. (See Table 10.) State Natural Areas I ku To date, thirteen designated state natural areas totaling 4,066 acres have been established to preserve ecologically significant or unique areas in their natural state. In addition, approximately 1,000 acres within state parks have been set f7,-7'7': aside as dedicated state natural areas. Since development has been kept to a minimum to avoid damaging or altering the natural character of these sensitive areas, hiking and nature interpretation are the primary activities engaged in on state natural areas. Most of the designated state natural areas land acreage is located in the South Shore Region (3,066 acres). Batsto (Refer to Appendix G for the regional locations and acreages TABLE 10: STATE RECREATION AREAS, MARINAS, of the state natural areas.) AND MISCELLANEOUS AREAS DEVELOPED RECREATIONAL FACILITIES/1970 State Marinas STATE RECREATION AREAS STATE MARINAS STATE MISCELLANEOUS AREAS Fecilitiert North- Stlit, TOW North Shore South Shore MI- Bell Store Total Nol'thinii CGn-l North Shore SO% Toerl There are presently four state marinas operated by the S.inurning Corridor Division of Parks and Forestry. Two marinas are located in the P Manent PoolS Ft. W ShoWirut Acres of Beach North Shore Region-Forked River (105 berths) in Ocean Boating A as County and Leonardo (200 berths) in Monmouth County; one in R trips I I Berths 305 384 124 813 Water Acreage 1.020 1.020 144 296 440 the South Shore Region-Atlantic City (384 berths) in Atlantic Fishing N . of Fac. County; and one in the Delawa;e Bay Region - Fortesc ue (124 W ter Acres 3.320 3,320 144 144 Mi. of Shoreline 2 2 berths) in Cumberland County. (Refer to Table 10.) These Faninl'y sites 50 50 Hiking 25 facilities total 64 acres with the Atlantic City Marina being the Miles of Trails 25 Bicycling largest at 28 acres. (See Appendix H.) Miles of Trails Horseback Riding Miles of Trai Is Hunting Acres 5,000 5.000 115 115 State Historic Sites Picnicking Acres _Tables 35 35 Ice Skating There are presently 26 state historic sites in New Jersey. Natural At as No of Sites In addition, there are eight historic areas including Allaire Ac@es Ice Skating Art ificia I Village and Batsto Village located in state parks or forests. Acres Snm Skiing (See Appendix I for list of state historic sites.) Acres Outdoor Gam:s and Sports The 26 state historic sites which consist mostly of historic Playgrounrl C)peo Playll elds G_ C.-Is buildings receive over 135,000 visitors annually. These sites Go holes G.:::91holes total 47 acres and are generally about two acres or less in size. _Golt@par 3 49 State Fish and Wildlife Management Areas The 60 state fish and wildlife managagement areas which total 128,878 acres occur in all but one region, the Northeast Region. Most of the areas are natural and development is re- stricted to the minimum of physical, sanitary and safety con- ditions essential for visitors. Hunting and fishing are the primary outdoor activities provided; however some of the areas also provide limited picnicking and boating facilities. (See Table 11). Most of the state fish and wildlife management areas are located in the three regions bordering on the Atlantic Ocean and the Delaware Bay. The Delaware Bay Region contains 45,897 acres, the North Shore 33,159 acres, and the South Shore 30,261 acres. Together they represents 85% of the total fish and wildlife acreage in the State. (Refer to Appendix J for a listing of the state fish and wildlife management areas. Atten- dance figures are not kept by the Division of Fish, Game and Bass River State Forest Shellfisheries, and, therefore, annual visitation cannot be de- TABLE 11: STATE FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT AREAS termined.) DEVELOPED RECREATIONAL FACILITIES/ 1970 Facilties Northwest North Central Northeast Central Corridor North Shore Southwest South Share Delaware Bay State Total Swimming Other State Areas Permanet Pools Ft. of Shoreline Acres of Beach 2.0 2.0 At present, there are two state reservoir sites in the acqui- Boating Areas Ramps 2 2 4 Berths sition stage: Six Mile Run (754 acres have been acquired) in Water Acreage 30 40 18 446 42 2785 928 4.289 Fishing the Central Corridor Region and Manasquan (15 acres to date) No. of Fac. Water Acres 223 60 is 543 37 3,278 1,161 5,320 Mi. of Shoreline 12.5 5 15 20 .5 5 58 in the North Shore Region. Future plans envision using the Camping irs for recreational purposes along with their water Family Sites 6 6 reservo Hiking 15 2.5 1 73.5 5.7 21 16 134.7 supply functions. (See Appendix K.) Bicycling The State presently owns 9,289 acres of recreation land Horseback Riding Miles of Trails Hunting 18 1.5 20.5 2.0 15.5 10 67.5 that is not classified. The present Delaware and Raritan Canal, Acres Picnicking 8,215 5,183 31,942 4,267 29,818 45,693 125,118 operated, maintained and administered by the Division of Water Acres Tables 15 is Resources as a state owned water supply system, together with Ice Skating Natural Areas No. of Sites its feeder flows about 60 miles through the Northwest and Acres Snow Skiing Acres Central Corridor regions and represents a most valuable re- Outdoor Games & Sports Playgrounds source in terms of recreational use. The canal proper is used Open playlaids Game Courts for fishing, boating, and canoeing, while the towpath running Golf-18 holes Golf-9 holes along the canal bank is used for hiking, bicycling, and horse- Golf- Par 3 back riding. (See Table 10 for facilities and Appendix L for acreage figures.) 50 PROPOSED Issues), the State will acquire 65,463 acres of potential recrea- The State's programmed acquisitions, totaling 72,819 tion land. State acquisition is programmed for all eight plan- acres, will expand existing recreation areas and establish new ning regions; however, three regions combined will contain over sites. (See Table 7.) On a regional basis, the South Shore Re- 70% of the total acreage. These regions are the South Shore gion has 22,821 acres programmed and the Northwest Region with 22,821 acres, the Northwest with 15,454 acres and the has 16,424 acres planned; together these regions account for Southwest with 8,143 acres. nearly 54% of the total state proposed acquisitions. In terms of Through the funds authorized by the Water Resources future recreation land supply, the State will provide 437,255 Bond Act of 1969, the State plans to purchase 7,356 additional acres or 56% of the total. acres for five reservoir sites. A major portion of the acreage will be acquired in the Central Corridor Region to complete the At many existing recreation areas, these additions will acquisition of the proposed Six Mile Run Reservoir. enable the State to begin or continue recreation facility devel- Action on two additional authorized reservoir sites, which opment. While at other areas, the purchase of inholdings and would add 6,660 acres to the open space land supplies of the certain lands adjoining the existing property will prevent future North Central, Northeast and Central Corridor regions, has development which would detract from the scenic or natural been deferred indefinitely. For this reason, the acreages of value of the areas. these sites have not been included in the future recreation Under the Green Acres Programs (1961 and 1971 Bond land total. Silas Condict Park, Morris County A -3, V` REA TION SUPPLY COUNTY REC County parks are generally much larger than municipal parks and, consequently, offer a more naturalistic background for recreation. Although commonly providing facilities similar to those found in municipal parks such as game courts, sports fields, and playgrounds, county parks frequently offer opportu- nities for participation in activities which require larger areas or more natural settings than most municipal sites possess such as fishing, boating, golf, camping, and horseback riding. . .... .i In 1970, an inventory of county provided outdoor recrea- tion facilities and areas was conducted by mailed question- naires. All of the State's twenty-one counties responded even though several reported no operating park systems. The infor- mation obtained through this inventory serves as the data 44-1 source in the following discussion of county outdoor recreation - LE, facilities and open space land. 51 EXISTING TABLE 12: EXISTING AND PROPOSED C At present, seventeen of New Jersey's twenty-one coun- RECREATION LAND ties operate county park systems totaling 36,585 acres. These (acres) Proposed Proposed systems range in size from 4 acres in Warren County and 9 Recreation Land Total Recreation Land Total Existing Green Acres programs Future Existing Green Acres Programs Future acres in Atlantic County to 5,319 acres in Essex County. The Recreation 1961 19711 Total Country Recreation 1961 19711 Total Country Land Land Bond Bond Proposed Recreation Band Proposed Recreation vast majority of the county acreage (94% or 34,394 acres) is Region/County 1970 Issue Land Land Region/Coun NorthWest North Shore located in the eleven most densely populated counties in New Hunterdon 1,413 1,413 1,413 Monmouth 1,666 922 922 2,588 Sussex Ocean(Part of) 443 615 615 1,058 Jersey. Except for Hudson County, each of these counties pro- Warren 4 4 Regional Total 2,109 1,537 1,537 3,646 Regional Total 4 1,413 1,413 1,417 Southwest vides at least 1,500 acres of park land. The five highly urban- North Central Burlington(Part of) Morris 4.500 115 115 4,615 Camden 4,000 4,000 Passaic (Pat of) 293 293 Gloucester 30 30 ized counties comprising the Northeast Region provide 16,348 Regional Total 4.793 115 115 4,908 Regional Total 4,030 0 0 4,030 Northeast acres or 45% of the total county land statewide. Cape May Bergen 4,010 672 672 4,682 South Shore Essex 5,319 5,319 Atlantic 9 80 80 89 County is the only rural county providing more than 1,000 acres Hudson 612 612 Burlington(Part of) Passaic(Part of) 1,207 1,027 1,027 2,234 Cape May 1,445 1,445 of county park land. (Refer to Table 12.) Union 5,200 2 251 253 5,463 Ocean (Part of) 95 95 Regional Total 16.358 2 1,950 1,952 18,310 Regional Total 1,549 80 80 1,629 County park systems vary in their degree of recreation Central Corridor Delaware Day Mercer 2.924 2,924 Cumberland 165 871 871 1,036 development, but in general they provide facilities for games Middlesex 2,500 11 266 277 2,777 Salem Somerset 2,153 10 986 966 3,149 Regional Total 165 871 871 1,036 and sports, picnicking, hiking, ice skating, boating and fishing. Regional Total 7,577 21 1,252 1,273 8,850 Stale Totals 36,585 23 7,218 7,241 43,826 In addition, most county systems include at least one golf lRepesents estimated acreage which will be acquired under the 1971 Green Acres Bond Issue. course and many systems offer special facilities such as chil- dren's zoos and band shells. Several counties offer swimming TABLE 13: COUNTY DEVELOPED RECREATIONAL FACILITIES facilities, family and group camping facilities, and snow skiing 1970 areas. (See Table 13.) Facilities Northwest North Central Northeast Central Corridor North Shore Southwest South Shore Delaware Bay State Total Swimming In general, county parks located in the highly urbanized Permanent Pools 3 4 7 Ft. of Shoreline 700 400 3,450 1,200 5,750 Northeast Region are more intensively developed for recrea- Acres of Beach 7 7 Boating Areas 1 4 5 tion than those situated in the less densely populated regions Ramps 2 3 5 1 1 12 Berths 1 1 of the State. The majority of the developed county recreation Water Acreage Fishing facilities for outdoor games and sports are provided by the No. of Fac. Water Acres 20 309 10 70 409 Mi. of Shoreline 1 25 4 50 80 five counties in the Northeast Region. Camping Family Sites 12 19 43 74 Hiking PROPOSED Miles of Trails 12 82.5 50 40 360 544.5 Bicycling Mile. of Trails 2 2 Horseback Riding Fourteen counties have identified 7,241 acres as potential Miles of Trails 1 47 7 55 Hunting county recreation land and have made application for financial Acres Picnicking assistance under the Green Acres Programs to acquire this Acres Tables 100 3,641 765 752 40 50 5,348 Ice Skating acreage. When acquisition of the potential county park land is Natural Areas No. of Sites Acres completed, the county park land total will be increased by 20% Ice Skating 10 178 29 97 1,200 5 1,519 Artificial to 43,826 acres. With this addition, fourteen counties will each Acres 1.0 1.0 Snow Skiing provide over 1,000 acres of park land and ten of these counties Acres 28 27 2 57 Outdoor Games & Sports will each provide over 2,000 acres. Playgrounds 1 97 6 2 3 1 110 Open Playfields 4 212 27 10 5 1 259 Game Courts 447 83 20 26 11 587 The most significant county park additions will be made by Golf - 18 Holes 1 9 5 1 1 17 Golf - 9 holes 1 1 1 3 Hunterdon (1,413 acres), Passaic (1,027 acres), Somerset Golf - Par 3 2 1 9 12 52 (996 acres), and Monmouth (922 acres) counties. On a region- al basis, county park land will be increased by 1,952 acres in the Northeast Region, 1,537 acres in the North Shore Region and 1,413 acres in the Northwest Region. W I In the future, county park land will still be centered in the more urbanized regions-the North Central, Northeast, Central Corridor and Southwest. These four regions will account for 80% (36,098 acres) of the total county park land. The North- east Region will still rank first in total county park land with 18,310 acres; however, the region's proportion of the total future county recreation land will decline from the present 45% to 42%. The Central Corridor Region will rank second with 8,850 county park acres and the North Central will rank third with 4,908 acres. Van Saun Park, Bergen County MUNICIPAL RECREATION SUPPLY 47% of the State's population resides in this region. The least amount of municipal park land (347 acres) is found in the During the latter portion of 1968, a municipal outdoor Northwest Region. The proximity of state parks and forests and recreation facility inventory was conducted by sending ques- the rural nature of the region probably account for this low fig- tionnaires to each of the 567 municipalities in New Jersey. ure. Municipalities in the ocean fronting and the lake regions A series of three questionnaires resulted in 85.7% (486) of the have developed extensive water-oriented facilities. There are municipalities responding. Since the majority of the municipal- 449,342 feet of municipally owned lake or ocean shoreline ities not responding were small rural communities that provide developed for swimming. Of this total, 62% is provided by few recreation facilities, the results of the inventory were con- municipalities in the South Shore Region and 23% in the North sidered to represent about 95% of the municipally provided Shore Region. Municipalities in the two highly urbanized outdoor recreation facilities. By incorporating the results of a regions, the Northeast and Central Corridor, provide 54 and 18 1971 outdoor recreation facility inventory of municipalities with swimming pools, respectively, or, combined, 64% of the total populations over 25,000 or with population densities greater pools provided by municipalities in the State. than 5,000 people per square mile, and referring to municipal There are 3,941 municipal boating berths in the State. The master plans and other materials available, the 1968 inventory majority (3,869) are in the North Shore and South Shore re- was updated to 1970 for use in this report. gions. In the remaining six regions, municipalities provide only EXISTING 72 berths. Municipalities provide 74% (649 miles) of New Jersey's fishing shoreline. The two shore regions supply 47% In the eight regions, municipally provided recreation land of this total municipal shoreline. totaled 17,187 acres. (See Table 14.) In the Northeast Region The majority of New Jersey's facilities for games and the municipalities provide the highest regional recreation land sports are provided by municipalities. There are 1,485 munici- total, 5,375 acres; however, this land accounts for only 31% of pal playgrounds, 3,045 playfields and 3,044 game courts. In the total recreation land provided at the municipal level, while addition, municipalities operate five 18-hole regulation golf 53 courses, three regulation 9-hole courses, and three Par 3 TABLE 15: MUNICIPAL DEVELOPED courses. On a regional basis, the Northeast Region has the RECREATIONAL FACILITIES .greatest number of municipal game and sports facilities and 1970 the Central Corridor Region ranks second in the number of fa- cilities. Other recreation facilities provided by municipalities in- Facilities Northwest North Central Northeast Central Corridor North Shore South west South Shore Delaware Bay State Total Swimming clude picnic sites and ice skating. Statewide, municipalities Permanent Pools 5 3 54 18 6 11 97 Ft. of Shoreline 1,918 16,659 2,450 8,552 104,427 18,680 278,440 18,216 449,342 provide 3,077 picnic tables and 2,638 acres of takes for ice Acres of Beach Boating Areas 11 2 4 30 15 12 10 3 87 skating. Nearly half of the municipally provided picnic tables Ramps 3 2 3 9 32 33 9 91 Berths 20 2,636 7 1,233 45 3,941 are located in the Northeast Region. Municipalities in the Water Acreage 7 7 Fishing No. of Fac. Delaware Bay Region provide 1,574 acres of water for ice Water Acres Mi. of Shoreline 35 132 48 21 143 79 164 27 649 skating. (See Table 15.) Camping Family Sites Hiking Miles of Trails 2 2 5 4 110 7 8 1 139 Bicycling Miles of Trails 4 4 3 6 1 28 1 47 PROPOSED Horseback Riding Miles of Trail 1 15 12 28 Hunting The municipalities of New Jersey have submitted applica- Acres Picnicking tions for financial assistance under the Green Acres Programs Acres 13 13 Tables 151 52 1,450 470 339 178 276 161 3,077 for the acquisition of 10,874 acres of recreation land. In the Ice Skating Natural Areas No. of Sites North Central Region 2,992 acres are proposed for acquisition Acres 33 243 259 277 40 82 130 1,574 2,638 Ice Skating by municipalities, in the North Shore Region 2,474 acres, in the Artificial Acres 3 Snow Skiing Central Corridor Region 1,755 acres, and in the Northwest Acres Outdoor Games & Sports Region 1,283 acres. In the Delaware Bay Region municipali- Playgrounds 73 83 618 281 121 187 86 36 1,485 Open Playfields 90 225 1,204 588 268 450 143 77 3,045 ties have proposed acquiring only 113 acres. (Refer to Table Game Courts 66 231 1,315 527 217 415 202 71 3,044 Golf-18 holes 2 1 2 5 Golf-9 holes 1 1 1 3 14.) Golf-Par 3 2 1 3 TABLE 14: EXISTING AND PRO- POSED MUNICIPAL RECREATION LAND (acres) proposed R motion Land Green Acres program Existing Total Recreation 1961 19711 Total Future Land Bond BOnd Proposed Municipal 1970 Issue Issue Land Rec. Land Nortwest 347 1,283 1,283 1,630 North Central 1,605 11 2,981 2,992 1,597 Northeast 5,375 6 690 696 6,071 Central Corridor 4,151 194 1,561 1,755 5,906 North Shore 1,310 217 2,257 2,474 3,784 Southwest 1,384 49 674 723 2,107 South Shore 1,110 11 827 838 1,948 Delaware Bay 1,905 113 113 2,018 State Total 17,187 488 10,386 10,874 28,061 'Represents estimated acreage which will be acquired under the 1971 Green Acres Bond Issue. Plainfield Portable Pools 54 With the addition of the proposed acquisitions, municipally undertaken. The results of this examination indicated the 1966 provided recreation land will total 28,061 acres. Though the survey was 90-95% accurate for 1970. However, for certain Northeast Region will have the greatest quantity of municipal facility categories in which substantial changes have occurred, land (6,071 acres), it will also have the fewest acres per 1,000 supplemental inventories were conducted to update data on population of the State's planning regions. The Central Cor- private campsites, snow skiing areas, and hiking and equestri- ridor Region will have the second highest regional total with an trails. 5,906 acres. EXISTING COMMERICAL9 PRIVATE AND Of the 1,835 facilities inventoried in the original survey, QUASI-PUBLIC OUTDOOR 47% were private limited or restricted membership facilities, RECREATION FACILITIES 45% were commercial areas open to the public, and 8% were quasi-public facilities associated with a non-profit group or organization. The private facilities surveyed totaled 178,581 During the latter portion of 1966, an inventory of recreation acres and included 17,360 acres of water surface. (See Table facilities provided by the private sector was conducted through 16.) a joint effort by the United States Soil Conservation Service and In terms of land and water area, the Northwest Region the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (at contained 64,943 acres of private recreation areas, 36.4% of the time of the survey titled the Department of Conservation and the State's total. The North Central Region ranked next with Economic Development). Field representatives attempted to 38,238 acres or 21.4% followed by the South Shore Region with visit each facility; at some areas, however, the owners or mana- 19,886 acres or 11.1% and the Southwest Region with 18,094 gers were absent and the representative could not obtain the acres or 10.1%. The Delaware Bay Region contains only 5,332 inventory data. acres or 3% of the State's total private recreation areas, the Since 1966, changes have inevitably occurred in the sup- lowest of the eight study regions. ply of private facilities. In an effort to evaluate the magnitude The estimated annual attendance at private facilities is of these changes, a cursory survey of private facilities was 25 million visitors. The highest annual attendance in the State TABLE 16: EXISTING PRIVATE Iles, SECTOR LAND SUPPLY 1970 i A 4J, h Ile Numberof Facilities P lv'te -row RIZricted Total C,mhel or Limited Qwsl- Area Regloh Membership Public Total (Acres) !4t N nh...t 69 102 31 211 r4.943 41"q, all Nwh Central 79 127 13 248 38,238 North W 89 13 281 11.82? 156 Central G rridor 43 75 25 149 1I.M Norlh Shore 19 @37 41 421 8,418 U 2 Shwo.1 75 02 14 207 @8.0 South Shore is 32 4 206 9.886 Delaw a Bay 43 49 15 112 5.332 ;r@ a State Totals 748 780 126 1.835 178.581 A ,4 55 occurs in the South Shore and North Shore regions due mainly Supply of Developed Outdoor to highly developed water-oriented facilities. The private sector provides significant quantities of facili- Recreation Facilites ties for a number of outdoor recreation activities. Statewide, the private sector provides 82% of the permanent swimming pools (475 pools), 23% of the developed shoreline (139,100 In order to examine recreation facilities in terms of the feet of shoreline), 86% of the boating berths (29,823 berths), number of people accommodated, the supply data for each 54% of the hiking trails (1,648 miles), 36% of the equestrian activity was converted to daily capacities. This was achieved trails (332 miles), and 16% of the hunting acreage (60,990 by applying recreation standards that designated the optimum acres). In addition, the private sector provides ninety-eight number of people a given recreation facility can satisfactorily 18-hole regulation golf courses, thirty-six 9-hole golf courses and effectively accommodate on a given day. The capacity and thirty Par 3 courses, 7 snow skiing areas with 620 acres of standards for each of the twelve recreation activities were slopes, 2,264 acres of picnic areas and 587 game courts. (See chosen with the consideration of the nature of recreation in Table 17.) New Jersey. A more detailed description of the derivation of TABLE 18: NEW JERSEY'S SUPPLY TABLE 17: PRIVATE DEVELOPED OF DEVELOPED RECREATI RECREATIONAL FACILITIES JURISDICTIONAL ANALYSIS 1970 1970 Facilities Northwest North Central Northeast Central North Shore Southwest South Shore Delaware Bay State Total Corridor Swimming Permanent Pools 31 81 125 80 66 54 11 27 475 Ft. of Shoreline 22,200 26,915 17,385 1,300 34,900 15,400 17,300 3,700 139,100 Acres of Beach Boating Areas Ramps Berths 1,088 3,750 2,728 565 9,557 2,547 8,442 1,146 29,823 Water Acreage Fishing No.of Fac. 91 68 16 9 86 40 51 18 379 Water Acres mi. of Shoreline Camping Family sites 2,611 438 331 78 290 387 5,149 390 9,674 Hiking Miles of Trails 478 663 231 109 71 80 58 8 1,698 Bicycling Miles of trails Horseback Riding Miles of Trails 126 29 23 59 56 34 5 332 Hunting Acres 30,053 14,815 2 1,034 2,171 2,591 10,120 204 60,990 Picnicking Acres 288 484 258 842 85 195 112 2,264 Tables Ice Skating Natural Areas No. of Sites 65 37 14 5 16 17 7 5 166 Acres Iceskating Artificial Acres Snow Skiing Acres 326 147 14 16 117 620 Outdoor Games and Sports Playground Open Playfields Game Courts 59 90 252 97 42 39 2 6 587 Golf-18 holes 7 8 32 11 14 18 8 2 98 Golf-9 holes 5 5 10 2 2 5 5 2 36 Golf-Par 3 2 8 7 3 4 5 1 30 56 Facilities Municipal County State State State F&W State Recrea- State State Inter- Federal Private State Totals Parks Forests Mgt. Areas tion Areas Marinas Misc.Areas state Swimming Permanent Pools 97 7 1 475 580 Ft. of Shoreline 449,342 5,750 600 250 139,100 592,042 Acres of Beach 7 55.5 8 2 72.5 Boating Areas 87 5 92 Ramps 91 12 2 4 1 1 2 113 Berths 3,941 1 813 252 29,823 34,830 Water Acreage 7 1,550 225 4,289 1,020 440 4,200 11,731 Fishing No.of Fac. 379 379 Water Acres 409 1,677 301 5,320 3,320 144 4,440 15,611 Mi.of Shoreline 649 80 36 7 58 2 12 30.65 873.65 Camping Family Sites 74 357 665 6 50 30 9,674 10,856 Hiking Miles of Trails 139 544.5 87.7 417.5 134.7 25 33 54.9 1,698 3,134.3 Bicycling Miles of Trails 47 2 49 Horseback Riding Miles of Trails 28 55 30 393 67.5 12.8 332 918.3 Hunting Acres 13,156 162,918 125,118 5,000 115 13,205 60,990 380,502 Picnicking Acres 13 15 2,264 2,292 Tables 3,077 5,348 2,158 642 35 500 74 11,834 Ice Skating Natural Areas No.of Sites 166 166 Acres 2,638 1,519 45 20 1 6 4,229 Ice Skating Artificial Acres .3 1.0 1.3 Snow Skiing Acres 57 620 677 Outdoor Games and Sports Playgrounds 1,485 110 19 7 1 1,622 Open Playfields 3,045 259 26 8 15 3,353 Game Courts 3,044 587 587 4,218 Golf-18 holes 5 17 98 120 Golf-9 holes 3 3 36 42 Golf-Par 3 3 12 30 45 *State Fish and Wildlife Management Areas each activity's capacity standards will be given in the Needs private sector, with 475 pools and 139,100 feet of shoreline Chapter of this plan. accommodating 541,825 people, combined provide 97% of the The following discussion considers by ownership and State's total swimming capacity. The 600 feet of shoreline and regional location what facilities are provided for the twelve 65.5 acres of beach provided at state recreation areas accom- activities under consideration. (See Tables 18 and 19.) A modate 29,693 people. In the two regions bordering the Atlantic thorough analysis of the supply of developed outdoor recreation Ocean-the North Shore (Table 24) and South Shore (Table facilities on a regional basis is undertaken in the Needs Chap- 26)-there are 83 pools, 438,517 feet of shoreline, and 42 ter. In Tables 20 through 27, the supply data for the State's acres of beach representing 60% of the State's swimming eight regions are presented. capacity. The major contributors in both of these regions are At present, New Jersey's developed swimming facilities the municipalities which provide 6 pools and 382,867 feet of consist of 580 pools, 595,042 feet of shoreline, and 72.5 acres shoreline accommodating 768,964 people daily. The swimming of beach, that can accommodate a daily capacity of over facilities provided by the private sector in the two regions con- 1,500,000 people. Municipalities, with 97 pools and 449,342 sists of 77 pools and 52,200 feet of shoreline and can accom- feet of shoreline accommodating 952,519 people daily, and the modate an additional 147,105 people. At present, 10% of New TABLE 19: NEW JERSEY'S SUPPLY OF DEVELOPED REC- REATIONAL FACILITIES REGIONAL ANALYSIS Facilities Municipal County State Parks State Forest State F&W State Recre- State Federal Private Region Total Mgt. Areas ation Areas Misc. Areas Swimming Permanent Pool 5 1 31 37 Ft.of Shoreline 1,918 250 22,200 24,368 Acres of Beach 6 3 9 Boating Areas 11 11 Ramps 3 2 1 1 7 Berths 1,088 1,088 Water Acreage 1,303 10 30 1,020 144 2,507 Fishing No.of Fac. 91 91 1,303 143 223 3,320 144 240 5,373 Water Acres Mi.of Shoreline 35 4.5 5 12.5 2 29.7 88.7 Camping Family Sites 190 198 50 30 2,611 3,079 Hiking Miles of Trails 2 23.4 40.3 15 31 478 589.7 Bicycling miles Of Trails Horseback Riding Miles of Trails 20 38 18 4.4 126 206.4 Hunting Acres 7,850 13,340 8,215 5,000 7,570 30,053 72,028 Picnicking Acres 288 288 Tables 151 564 108 35 50 908 Ice Skating Natural Areas No. of Sites 65 65 Acres 33 15 15 6 69 Ice skating Artificial Acres Snow Skiing Acres 326 326 Outdoor Games and Spirals Playgrounds 73 7 3 83 Game Courts 66 59 125 Golf-18 holes 7 7 Golf-9 holes 5 5 Golf-Par 3 2 2 *State Fish and Wildlife Management Areas TABLE 20: NORTHWEST REGION DEVELOPED RECREATIONAL FACILITIES 1970 Facilities Northwest North Central Northeast Central North Shore Southwest South Shore Delaware Bay State Total Corridor Swimming Permanent Pools 37 84 182 98 72 69 11 27 680 Ft.of Shoreline 24,368 44,174 20,535 10,252 142,777 35,280 295,740 21,916 595,042 Acres of Beach 9 5.5 7 3 39 2 3 4 72.5 Boating Areas 11 2 5 30 15 16 10 3 92 Ramps 7 4 7 14 33 1 36 11 113 Berths 1,088 3,750 3,000 565 12,498 2,555 10,059 1,315 34,830 Water Acreage 2,507 197 314 2,446 49 5,200 1,018 11,731 Fishing No.of Fac. 91 68 16 9 86 40 51 18 379 Water Acres 5,373 320 344 37 2,613 37 5,636 1,251 15,611 Mi.of Shorelin 88.7 144.3 85 25 181 149.5 167.75 32.4 873.85 Camping Family Sites 3,079 450 350 131 396 492 5,511 447 10,856 Hiking Miles of Trails 589.7 754.2 351.5 198.7 317.6 612.7 275.9 34 3,134.3 Bicycling Miles of Trails 4 6 3 6 1 28 1 49 Horseback Riding Miles of Trails 206.4 39.9 71 71 106.5 193 215.5 15 918.3 Hunting Acres 72,028 27,699 907 1,034 43,537 65,838 121,404 48,055 380,502 Picnicking Acres 288 464 271 842 100 195 112 2,292 Tables 908 901 5,591 1,760 1,243 313 765 353 11,834 Ice Skating Natural Areas No.of Sites 65 37 14 5 16 17 7 5 166 Acres 69 277 438 306 137 1,237 135 1,580 4,229 Ice Skating Artificial Acres 1.3 1.3 Snow Skiing Acres 326 147 28 41 18 117 677 Outdoor Games and Sports Playgrounds 83 89 716 291 124 190 91 38 1,622 Open Playfields 110 237 1,416 623 279 455 148 85 3,353 Game Courts 125 321 2,014 707 279 480 215 77 4,218 Golf-18 holes 7 9 43 17 17 17 8 2 120 Golf-9 holes 5 6 12 3 3 6 5 2 42 Golf-Par3 2 8 11 1 3 13 6 1 45 57 Jersey's swimming capacity is provided in the densely popu- state fishing capacity. Forty percent of the total fishing capacity lated Northeast Region (Table 22). Of the Northeast Region's is provided by the State while municipalities provide 35%. total swimming capacity of 145,125 people, 72% is provided Statewide there are 10,856 campsite campsited that can accommo- by the private sector. date 43,424 persons daily. Over three-fourths of the camping As with swimming, the North Shore and South Shore domi- facilities are located in the South Shore and Northwest regions nate the New Jersey regions in the supply of facilities for the with capacities of 22,044 and 12,316 persons, respectively. related water-oriented outdoor recreation activities of boating The 9,674 campsites provided by the private sector account for and fishing. Sixty-four percent of New Jersey's total boating 89% of the total, camping capacity while the 1,078 campsites capacity of 132,541 people is provided in these two shore provided by the State account for 10% of the total capacity regions; and the private sector, the supplier of 64% of the For the backwoods oriented activities of hiking, horseback boating accommodations throughout the State, is the primary riding and hunting, the state level and the private sector are the contributor in these regions. Three regions containing an primary suppliers of facilities. Of New Jerseys's 3,134 miles of abundance of water areas-the Northwest (Table 20), North hiking trails, the private sector provides 54% and the State Shore and South Shore-combined provide 68% of the total 21%. The third major contributor of hiking trails in the county TABLE 21: NORTH CENTRAL REGION TABLE 22: NORTHEAST REGION DEVELOPED RECREATIONAL FACILITIES DEVELOPED RECREATIONAL FACILITIES 1970 1970 Facilities Municipal County State Parks State Forests State F & W Federal Private Region Total Facilities Municipal County State State Stake F&W Inter Federal Private Region Mgt. Areas Parks Forest Mgt. Area State Total Swimming Swimming Permanent Pools 3 81 84 Permanent Pools 54 3 125 182 Ft. of Shoreline 16659 600 26,915 44.1745 Ft. of Shoreline 2.450 700 17,385 20,535 Acres of Beach 5.5 5.5 Acres of Beech 7 Boating Boating 5 Areas 2 2 Areas 4 1 1 7 Ramps 2 2 4 Ramps 3 3 252 2,778 3,000 Beths 3.750 3,750 Berths 20 Water Acreage 157 40 197 Water Acreage Fishing Fishing No. ofFac. 68 68 No. of Fac. Water Acres 20 240 60 320 Water Acres 309 35 344 344 MI of Shoreline 132 1 4.6 1 5 .7 144.3 Mi. of Shoreline 48 25 12 85 Camping Camping Family Sites 12 438 450 Family Sites 19 331 350 Hiking Hiking Miles of Trails 2 12 31 19.8 2.5 23.9 663 754.2 Miles of Trails 5 82.5 33 231 351.5 Bicycling Bicycling Miles of Trails 4 4 Miles of Trails 4 2 8 Horseback Riding Horseback Riding Miles of Trails 1 1.5 8.4 29 39.9 Miles of Trails 1 47 23 71 Hunting Hunting Acres 3,551 4,150 5,183 14,815 27,699 Acres 905 2 907 Picnicking Picnicking Acres 484 484 Areas 13 258 271 Tables 52 100 725 24 901 Tables 1.450 3.641 500 5,591 Ice Skating Ice Skating Natural Areas Natural Areas 14 14 No. of Sites 37 37 No. of Sites Acres 243 10 24 277 Acres 259 178 1 438 Ice Skating Ice Skating Artificial Artificial Acres Acres .3 1.0 1.3 Snow Skiing Ice Skiing Acres 147 147 Acres 28 28 Outdoor Games and Sports Outdoor Games & Sports Playgrounds 83 1 5 89 Playgrounds 618 97 1 718 0pen Playfields 225 4 3 5 237 Open Playfields 1,204 212 1,416 Game Courts 231 90 321 Game Courts 1,315 447 252 2,014 1,416 Golf 18 holes 1 8 9 Golf - 18 holes 2 9 32 43 Golf 9 holes 1 5 6 Golf - 9 holes 1 1 10 12 Golf Par 3 8 8 Golf - Par 3 2 2 7 11 State Fish and Wildlife Management Areas *State Fish and Wildlife Management Areas level with 544 miles of trails, 17% of the State's total mileage. At the present time, municipalities provide 47 of the 49 Sixty-two percent of the State's total hiking capacity of 50,148 miles of designated bicycle trails in New Jersey. Fifty-seven persons is provided in three regions: the North Central (Table percent of the State's total bicycling capacity of 882 people is 21), Southwest (Table 25), and Northwest regions. provided in one region, the South Shore. Nearly all bicycling Nearly 90% of New Jersey's equestrian trails (918 miles) takes place on municipal streets and county roads because the is provided in state administered areas and privately owned minuscule supply of designated bicycle trails is grossly inade- lands. Three regions-the South Shore, Northwest and South- quate. Bicyclists using public thoroughfares are constantly west -collectively have 62% of the State's total horseback exposed to the dangers associated with automobile traffic that riding daily capacity of 11,020 persons. would not be present on designated trails. State administered lands account for 80% of the 380,502 The two urbanized regions of New Jersey-the Northeast acres of land opened for hunting in New Jersey. Hunting areas and the Central Corridor (Table 23) -account for very low pro- in the South Shore, Northwest and Southwest regions account portions of the total state facility capacities for camping, hiking for 32%, 19% and 17%, respectively, of the State's total hunting horseback riding and hunting. These activities require relatively capacity of 76,101 persons. large expanses of undeveloped land, a scarce commodity in TABLE 23: CENTRAL CORRIDOR REGION DEVELOPED RECREATOINAL FACILITIES 1970 Facilities Municipal County State State State F&W State Federal Private Region Parks Forest Mgt. Areas Misc. Areas Total Swimming Permanent Pools 18 80 98 Ft. of Shoreline 8,552 400 1,300 10,252 Acres of Beach 3 3 Boating Areas 30 30 Ramps 9 5 14 Berths 565 Water Acreage 18 296 314 Fishing No. Of Fac. 9 9 Water Acres 10 9 18 37 Mi. of Shoreline 21 4 25 Camping Family Sites 53 78 131 Hiking Miles of Trails 4 50 9.7 1 25 109 198.7 Bicycling Miles of Trails 3 3 Horseback Riding Miles of Trails 7 5.0 59 71 Hunting Acres 1,034 1,034 Picnicking Acres 842 842 Tables 470 765 525 1,760 Ice Skating Natural Areas No. of Sites 5 5 Acres 277 29 306 Ice Skating Artificial Acres Snow Sking Acres 27 14 41 Outdoor Games & Sports Playgrounds 281 6 4 291 Open Playfields 588 27 8 623 Game Courts 527 83 97 707 Golf - 18 holes 1 5 11 17 Golf - 9 holes 1 2 3 Golf - Par 3 1 1 * State Fish and Wildlife Management Areas Table 24: NORTH SHORE REGION DEVELOPED RECREATIONAL FACILITIES 1970 Facilities Municipal County State State State F&W State State Federal Private Region Parks Forest Mgt. Areas Marinas Misc. Areas Total Swimming Permanent Pools 6 66 72 80 98 Ft. of Shoreline 104,427 3,450 34,900 142,777 Acres of Beach 37 2.0 39 Boating Areas 15 15 Ramps 32 1 33 Berths 2,638 9,557 12,498 Water Acreage 446 2,000 2,446 Fishing No. Of Fac. 86 9 9 Water Acres 70 543 2,000 2,613 Mi. of Shoreline 143 23 15 181 Camping Family Sites 43 57 6 290 396 Hiking Miles of Trails 110 40 13.1 10 73.5 71 317.6 Bicycling Miles of Trails 6 6 Horseback Riding Miles of Trails 15 5 10 20.5 56 106.5 Hunting Acres 9,309 31,942 115 2,171 43,537 Picnicking Acres 15 85 100 Tables 339 752 152 1,243 Ice Skating Natural Areas No. of Sites 16 16 Acres 40 97 137 16 16 Acres Ice Skating Artificial Acres Snow Sking Acres 2 16 18 16 18 Outdoor Games & Sports Playgrounds 121 2 1 124 Open Playfields 268 10 1 279 Game Courts 217 20 42 279 Golf - 18 holes 2 1 14 17 Golf - 9 holes 1 2 3 Golf - Par 3 3 3 * State Fish and Wildlife Management Areas 59 the urban regions. However, the Northeast and Central Corridor regions combined account for over 50% of the total state ca pacities for picnicking and playing outdoor games and sports. Both of these activities generally take place close to home and require relatively small land areas for facility development. The Northeast and Central Corridor regions provide, respec- tively, 26% and 28% of the total state picnicking capacity of 150,850 persons and 44% and 17% of the total state outdoor games and sports capacity of 201,920 persons. Throughout the State, counties and municipalities provide the majority of the picnicking and outdoor games and sports facilities. New Jersey's thirteen snow skiing facilities can accommo- date 20,325 people daily. The eight privately operated ski areas have daily capacities of 18,625 people while the five county ski areas can accommodate 1,700 people. The five private Wharton Tract TABLE 25: SOUTHWEST REGION TABLE 26: SOUTH SHORE REGION DEVELOPED RECREATIONAL FACILITIES DEVELOPED RECREATIONAL 1970 1970 Facilities Municipal County Store Parks State Forests State F&W Federal Private Region Total Mgt. Areas Swimming Permanent Pools 11 4 54 69 Ft.of Shoreline 18,680 1,200 15,400 35,280 Acres of Beach 2 2 Boating Areas 12 4 16 Ramps 1 1 Berths 7 1 2,547 2,555 Water Acreage 7 42 49 Fishing No.of Fac. 40 40 Water Acres 37 37 Mi.of Shoreline 79 50 20.5 149.5 Camping Family Sites 105 387 492 Hiking Miles of Trails 7 360 1.5 158.5 5.7 80 612.7 Bicycling Miles of Trails 1 Horseback Riding Miles of Trails 157 2.0 34 193 Hunting Acres 850 58,130 4,267 2,591 65,838 Picnicking Acres 195 195 Tables 178 40 95 313 Ice Skating Natural Areas No. of Sites 17 17 Acres 82 1,200 5 1,287 Ice Skating Artificial Acres Snow Skiing Acres 117 117 Outdoor Games and Sports Playgrounds 187 3 190 Game Courts 415 26 39 480 Golf-18 holes 1 16 17 Golf-9 holes 1 5 6 Golf-Par 3 9 4 13 'State Fish and Wildlife Management Areas 60 State State State F&W State Region Facilities Municipal County Parks Forests Mgt.Areas Marinas Federal Private Total Swimming Permanent 11 11 Ft.of Shoreline 278,440 17,300 296,740 Acres of Beach 3 3 Boating Areas 10 10 Ramps 32 2 1 36 Berths 1,233 384 8,442 10,059 Water Acreage 215 2,785 2,200 5,200 Fishing No.of Fac. 51 51 Water Acres 158 3,278 2,200 2,200 Mi.of Shoreline 164 2.5 1 .25 167.75 Camping Family Sites 362 5,149 5,511 Hiking Miles of Trails 8 188.9 21 58 275.75 Bicycling Miles of Trails 28 28 Horseback Riding Miles of Trails 12 188 15.5 215.5 Hunting Acres 76,466 29,818 5,000 10,120 121,404 Picnicking Acres 112 112 Tables 276 50 439 765 Ice Skating Natural Areas No.of Sites 7 7 Acres 130 5 135 Ice Skating Artificial Acres Snow Skiing Acres Outdoor Games&Sports Playgrounds Open Playfields Game Courts Golf-18 holes Golf-9 holes Golf-Par 3 4 13 *State Fish and Wildlife Management Areas 60 snow skiing facilities located in the rural uplands of the North- Future Supply of Developed west and North Central regions provide 70% of the State's total snow skiing capacity. The only regions lacking snow skiing Outdoor Recreation Facilities facilities are the South Shore and Delaware Bay regions. Municipal and county levels of government are the major Public development of outdoor recreation facilities in the suppliers of New Jersey's ice skating facilities that can accom- future will be determined by the funds available to each of the modate 3,182,864 people daily. Nearly all of this ice skating levels of government for such purposes. In the case of the supply is in the form of natural ice skating areas that statewide private sector, commercial interests in particular, the profita- amount to 4,229 acres of water surface. At present, the 1.3 bility of the recreation facility supply market will greatly in- acres of artificial ice provided by municipalities in the North- fluence the type and extent of future recreation development. east Region represent New Jersey's total outdoor artificial ice As the recognition of the importance of outdoor recreation skating area. Sixty-six percent of the State's total ice skating grows and public support increases, the appropriations for the capacity is provided by facilities located in the Delaware Bay existing federal matching fund programs for outdoor recreation and Southwest regions. facility development can be expected to increase. In addition, new federal and state grant programs may be established in response to the expanding recreation needs of the public. The TABLE 27: DELAWARE BAY REGION additional funds made available through expanded matching DEVELOPED RECREATIONAL FACILITIES fund programs are expected to spur recreation facility develop- 1970 ment on recently acquired Green Acres sites. State State State F&W State Region In the future, municipalities and counties can be expected Facilities Municipal County Parks Forests Mgt. Areas Marinas Federal Private Total to continue recreation facility development for activities such as Swimming as playing outdoor games and sports, picnicking, ice skating Permanent Pools 27 27 Ft of Shoreline 18,216 3,700 21,916 and swimming that are primarily home oriented in nature and Acres of Beach 4 4 Boating require limited land areas. Future state development will con- Areas 3 3 Ramps 9 2 11 sist primarily of facilities requiring extensive land and water Berths 45 124 1,146 1,315 Water Acreage 90 928 1,018 areas for activities such as hiking, camping, boating, horseback Fishing No. of Fac. 18 18 riding, hunting and fishing. Water Acres 90 1,161 1,251 The private sector is expected to respond to the projected Mi. of Shoreline 27 .4 5 32.4 expansion in the market for outdoor recreation opportunities Camping and continue developing new recreation facilities. Commercial Family Sites 57 390 447 Miles of Trails 10 5 15 recreation enterprises, the largest supplier of the private sector, Hunting will develop the more profitable facilities such as snow skiing Acres 1,523 45,693 635 204 48,055 areas, boating facilities, and campgrounds. Picnicking Acres Tables 161 192 Ice Skating Natural Areas No. of Sites Acres 1,574 6 Ice Skating Artificial Acres Snow Skiing New Jersey's Acres Historic Resources Outdoor Games & Sports Playgrounds 36 2 38 Open Playfields 77 8 85 Game Courts 71 6 77 As one of the original thirteen states,New Jersey is rich in Golf - 18 holes 2 2 Colonial and Revolutionary history. Fortunately, many of the Golf - 9 holes 2 2 Golf - Par 3 1 1 61 *State Fish and Wildlife Management Areas significant sites and structures of these and later periods have 1. Washington's Crossing been preserved through the efforts of interested individuals and 2. Princeton Battlefield various historic societies and by state and federal actions. 3. Monmouth Battlefield These historic sites representing New Jersey's cultural, social, 4. Fort Mott agricultural and industrial past are fairly evenly distributed 5. Allaire throughout the State. 6. Ringwood Manor A partial inventory compiled by the Historic Sites Section 7. Batsto of the Department of Environmental Protection lists over two 8. Washington Rock thousand historic sites, bbildings and structures that are of historical, architectural or archeological interest. The inven- toried sites, both publicly and privately owned, range from Revolutionary War battlefields to restored Colonial bog iron New Jerseyl's industry villages and homes of famous Americans. 0 The National Register of Historic Places Program was Sligufficaut Natural Areas expanded by the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 to Since virtually no extensive area in the State has escaped include sites and buildings of state and local importance as the influence of man at one time or another, New Jersey does well as those of national significance. National Register status not have what could accurately be termed pristine primitive gives a measure of protection from federally funded or autho- areas. However, it does have many areas which possess signi- rized projects to a site or building. Also, registered sites are ficant natural features worthy of protection and preservation. eligible for matching federal funds for acquisition, preservation Some of the areas contain the State's only remaining examples and restoration. The 62 sites in New Jersey which have been of certain native ecosystems while others provide habitats for placed on the National Register are listed in Appendix M - rare or unique species of flora or fauna. In addition, the National Park Service administers two It is fortunate that many public and private agencies have areas of national historic interest: the Morristown National taken positive steps to permanently protect the State's most Historical Park containing the Ford Mansion, Fort Nonsense outstanding natural features. Responding to the pressing need and the Jockey Hollow encampment; and the Edison National to preserve natural areas while they still remain available, the Historic Site in West Orange. federal, state, county and municipal levels of government have In 1970, the New Jersey Legislature established the State acquired many of the more significant areas. In addition,, in- Register of Historic Places. At present, the State Register terested individuals and con servation- minded organizations consists of 66 sites, districts, buildings, structures or objects have acquired a number of natural areas for preservation including all of the State's entries on the National Register. purposes. (See Appendix M for a listing of registered properties.) Place- As the first stage in the preparation of a statewide natural ment on the State Register protects a site or building from state, areas preservation plan, the Division of Parks and Forestry of county or municipal encroachments without prior written ap- the Department of Environmental Protection has compiled an proval of the Commissioner of the Department of Environmental inventory of publicly and privately owned natural areas. A Protection. partial listing of the inventoried areas is presented by region in Thirty-four sites of historic interest are under direct control Appendix N. The state owned areas possessing natural features of the State: twenty-six state historic sites and eight historic of national significance are identified in the listing as candi- areas within state parks and forest. Included in the system are dates for inclusion into the National Register of Natural Land- the following sites: marks. 62 SUPPLV OF WATER RESOURCES New Jersey is fortunate to have an abundance and variety New Jersey's famed 127 mile long Atlantic coastline is a of water resources. It is bounded on three sides by water: on very important asset of the State's economy; tourism, one of the the east by the Hudson River and the Atlantic Ocean, on the State's largest industries, is centered along it. Every ye@r south by the Delaware Bay and on the west by the Delaware millions of people are attracted by the shore's recreational River. Within the State's boundaries there are over 50,000 appeal to the many resort areas lining the State's coast. acres of lakes, ponds and reservoirs and nearly 6,500 miles of Water not only serves as the basic resource for participa- streams and rivers. In addition to these freshwater resources, tion in the water-based recreation activities of swimming, fish- there are thousands of acres of bays lying between the main- ing, boating, canoeing, water skiing and water fowl hunting; land and the barrier beaches lining the New Jersey coast. it also serves as the background or setting for many seemingly unrelated activities, enhancing the intrinsic satisfaction derived Isiand Beach from participation. For instance, picnicking and camping are much more enjoyable when the sites are provided close to 7 T 7, bodies of water. Recreation is just one of the many uses of the State's water resources. However, the following discussion will be pri- marily concerned with the various types of water resources as they relate to outdoor recreation with the exception of the sec- kal.; tion devoted to ground water resources which will serve as background information. Ground Water New Jersey may, for the purpose of simplification, be separated into three regions with relatively similar ground water characteristics. The regions are the Appalachian Ridge and Valley- Highlands in the northwestern part of the 11%T State; the Piedmont Plain, starting in the northeast and extend- ing through to the Delaware River above Trenton; and the 63 GROUND WATER REGIONS 4; CRITICAL AREA FOR URBAN DEVELOPMENT -N k 1V MAJOR AOUIFER RECHARG PROBLEM AREAS ok MARSH LANDS Skating, Lake Hopatcong SOURCE: SURVEY OF NEW JERSEY Coastal Plain, which comprises the entire southern part of WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT 1955 the State below a line from Trenton to Perth Amboy. The map PREPARED BY TIPPETS - ABBOTT - McCARTHY entitled "Ground Water Regions" shows the approximate ANDSTRATTON DECEMBER 1955 boundaries as described above. The Appalachian Ridge and Valley- Highlands region has BUREAU OF STATE WIDE PLANNING the least favorable conditions for the occurrence of reliable ground water supplies in large quantities; the geological char- acter of the region does not permit the formation of good aquifers. The Piedmont Plain offers greater potential as a ground 'X water source than does the Appalachian Ridge and Valley- Highlands region; however, in the Piedmont Plain, which in- cludes the heavily populated Northeast, the local ground water sources are substantially developed. Of the three regions, the Coastal Plain has the greatest abundance of ground water. The underlying aquifers are con- sidered a reliable water source for the southwestern and coast- al regions. However, portions of this region, bordering on tidal waters, have been endangered by saltwater encroachment resulting from urban development in many aquifer recharge areas. 64 Rivers and Streams more planning regions, and, in a few instances, rivers and streams actually form the boundary between two regions. Therefore, for discussion purpose�, New Jersey will be divided The total mileage of New Jersey's numerous rivers and into four sections: Northwest, Northeast, Coastal and South- streams approaches 6,448 miles. New Jersey's rivers and west (see map entitled "Major Rivers and Streams"). Rivers streams vary markedly in character; some originate in the and streams occurring within a section are generally similar in mountains of northern New Jersey and southern New York and their origins, floodplains and flow patterns. flow rapidly through rugged terrain while others begin within the State's interior and flow at a more leisurely pace through the Northwestern Section: The principal rivers of the mountainous relatively flat terrain of the Pine Barrens in central New Jersey. Northwestern Section of New Jersey are the Pohatcong, Mus- Some traverse areas rich in historic landmarks and others pass conetcong, Pequest, Flat Brook and Paulins Kill. These rivers through areas which have remained nearly primitive in appear- drain into the Delaware and the Wallkill which, in turn, drain ance. into the Atlantic Oc 'ean and Hudson River, respectively. Runoff Analysis of the State's rivers and streams on a regional in this mountainous terrain is rapid and causes the streams planning basis, the approach employed elsewhere in this plan, to have a flash-flood characteristic. Runoff is cegulated to some does not appear feasible. Rivers frequently flow through two or degree, however, by the large number of lakes and ponds in this region. Small drainage areas limited to narrow valleys are also characteristic of the section. For the most part, the water quality of the Northwest section's rivers and streams is high. The rivers and streams of this section offer the best trout fishing in the State. Many of the section's rivers are annually stocked with trout by the Division of Fish, Game and Shell- r4 A- fisheries to supplement natural reproduction or to create recreational fishing. Besides fishing, other recreational use of the section's rivers is limited. However, during the spring when the run-off provides high water, several streams offer challenging white water canoeing. Northeastern Section: The Hackensack, Raritan and Passaic Rivers are the major river systems in northeastern New Jersey. The minor systems of the Elizabeth and Rahway Rivers and the aforementioned major systems drain this region. Stream flow in this section of the State is erratic with wide tions in flow between wet and dry periods because of varia impounding and high use by domestic and industrial interests. '0" ve During periods of low flow, the capacity of this section's rivers to wash away pollutants is severely reduced. Since the dry periods normally coincide with the summer season, the recrea- tional potential of many of the region's rivers for contact 65 activities such as swimming is limited by pollution. Boating and MAJOR RIVERS AND STREAMS canoeing, non-contact activities, take place on rivers with sufficient water flow. Coastal Section: The Shrewsbury-Navesink, Manasquan, Me- tedeconk, Toms, Mullica, Wading, Maurice and Great Egg Har- PAU bor are the principal rivers of the coastal region. Flow is south- easterly across the eastern slope of the Coastal Plain, and all "o terminate in the Atlantic Ocean or the Delaware Bay. 4,1PRANY R The runoff characteristics of the area are quite different from those of northern New Jersey. The erratic characteristics of the more northerly streams are not present in the rivers of the Coastal Plain. This phenomenon is a result of the absorption of a large part of the precipitation into the porous, ground and the movement of this water through the ground to stream beds at a relatively uniform rate. These factors tend to reduce or minimize the difference between wet and dry weather flows. SOURCE: In general, recreational use of this section's rivers and streams has not been seriously affected by water pollution. SURVEY OF NEW JERSEY AS@ 1AV SINK However, if adequate programs are not undertaken to cope with WATER RESOURCES the growing wastes produced by the region's rapidly growing DEVELOPMENT 1955 population, water pollution could become a major problem in PREPARED BY TIPPETS - the future. ABBOTT - McCARTHY AND STRATTON. DECEMBER 1955 Z. NOR Southwestern Section: That portion of New Jersey defined as 0 rH fDA the southwestern region encompasses the western or Delaware C_ \ slope of the Coastal Plain, The principal streams are Rancocas Creek, Cohansey Creek, Salem Creek and Crosswicks Creek. SAZ The Delaware River is the terminus for these creeks and a large number of lesser streams which drain the region. Tidal action affects most of these streams at their juncture with the Delaware River. The southwestern region's topography and runoff pattern is T similar to that of the coastal region, with pervious surface for- mations and flat, natural terrain common to most of the area. Similarly, these factors also produce a more uniform stream flow than is found in the northern part of the State. Water quality becomes a problem for many of this section's streams as they pass through the densely urbanized 66 A strip along the Delaware River. Within the section's interior, 7 the water quality of the streams is suitable for contact recreational use. M CANOE RUNS 41 On many of New Jersey's fine rivers and streams, one may enjoy canoeing with its concomitant recreational pleasures of camping, sightseeing and picnicking from April through October. The following listing of several of the State's more im- portant canoe runs contains brief descriptions of their usability. HACKENSACK RIVER is cruisable at all seasons from New Bridge southward for about 20 miles to Newark Bay. PASSAIC RIVER is a delightful stream for both spring and fall after rains have provided sufficient water for cruising. RAMAPO RIVER offers good cruising in spring and fall during the high water with some "white water" runs of interest from Suffern for about 20 miles to below Mountain View where the stream joins the Passaic in the vicinity of Two Bridges. 7".,. WANAQUE RIVER makes an exciting spring "white water" run from the village of Wanaque for about 8 miles where the stream enters the Pequannock River which, in turn, flows into the Ramapo in the vicinity of Pompton Plains. 4z:7 MULLICA RIVER from Atsion to Pleasant Mills where it is joined by the Batsto River may be cruised in normal or high water. From Pleasant Mills down to the sea there is plenty of water for the canoeist, even during the driest season. A pleas- ant side trip can be made to the restored village area at Batsto. MAURICE RIVER offers a wide variety of beauty and many places of interest to canoeists. One of the unusual features of this attractive river is Union Lake which was created by a power dam at Millville. The water of the stream is backed up into a lake nearly four miles long making it the Iargest wholly artificial lake in New Jersey. METEDECONK RIVER offers the canoeist many surprises. One W;, naturally expects to find tepid water in South Jersey, but the 67 Metedeconk is apparently fed by cold water springs making the GREAT EGG HARBOR RIVER from the vicinity of Braddock water ice cold and crystal clear. offers excellent cruising for about 25 miles to where it empties THE PAULINS KILL flows through countryside both bold and into tidewater at Great Egg Harbor Bay. picturesque. The Kittatinny Mountain Range parallels the entire THE MANASQUAN RIVER from the vicinity of Farmingdale course of the river, the rugged hills actually extending to its to Brielle offers an enjoyable 12 mile cruise through a combin- shores. There is glorious scenery throughout the valley and ation of upland forests composed predominantly of hardwoods- many places of historic interest. Caution is necessary when and pine dominated forests characterizing the Pinelands. An cruising this stream in flood. interesting side trip may be taken to the Historic Howell Works in Allaire State Park. MUSCONETCONG RIVER in itself is not a river to be explored by canoe. There are, however, about four miles of the Morris DELAWARE RIVER, of course, offers by far the most extensive, Canal which are intact and cruisable by canoe. A charming the most picturesque, the most thrilling of all local cruises. colonial village restoration exists at Waterloo. During early spring it is sporty enough to tax the ability of the most expert canoeist. About Declaration Day, the average MILLSTONE RIVER is undoubtedly the most charming of the experienced canoeist can run it in safety with the possible ex- little rivers of New Jersey and can be cruised about 8 miles ception of Foul Rift above Belvidere and Wells Falls at Lam- from Cranbury to Princeton. bertville. During the summer, the run also can be made after local rains have filled the river. SOUTH BRANCH OF THE RARITAN, from the vicinity of Three Bridges at Flemington Junction, is a beautiful 16 mile spring run to Somerville with a stream flow augmented by waters re- leased from the state owned Spruce Run Reservoir which may extend the canoeing season well into the fall of the year. Canals NORTH BRANCH OF THE RARITAN may be cruised for 10 New Jersey's four canals were constructed for one of two miles in the spring during high water from the vicinity of White- purposes: as part of New Jersey's Intracoastal Waterway or house to where it joins the south branch to form the Raritan for transportation of materials from the Delaware River across River at the Township of Branchburg. During the late 1970s, the State to the eastern urban centers. after completion of the Round Valley Reservoir North Dam re- Although the two canals composing segments of the In- lease pipeline, stream flows will be augmented to extend the tracoastal Waterway are short, they are heavily used by boaters canoeing period well into the fall. traveling along the Atlantic Coast. The Bayhead-Manasquan Canal in Ocean County is slightly more than two miles in length, RANCOCAS CREEK is an excellent stream for about 20 miles and the Cape May Canal, crossing the tip of Cape May County, from Brown's Mills (north branch Rancocas Creek) to where it measures approximately 5 miles. Both of the canals are main- empties into the Delaware River near Riverside. tained by the U.S. Corps of Engineers for navigation purposes. During the early part of the nineteenth century, the Dela- WADING RIVER runs through wild country from Chatsworth ware and Raritan and Morris Canals were constructed for barge for about 25 miles to where it empties into the Mullica River. traffic across the State. In recent times, portions of both of This is wild pineland cruising with no towns, except Wading these canals have been filled rendering neither navigable for River, en route. their entire original distance. 68 The present Delaware and Raritan Canal together with its About 90% of New Jersey's shoreline is composed of feeder originates at the Delaware River above Stockton, runs sandbar islands lying at varying distances off the mainland. for 22 miles parallel to the Delaware River to Trenton, and The remaining shoreline consists of stable earth extending thence 38 miles to the Raritan River at New Brunswick. Except right down to the sea. for a two mile underground twin culvert in the City of Trenton, The beachline of New Jersey is under constant change due the 60 mile length of the canal and feeder is open and available to the erosive force of the ocean shifting the sand. This has for recreational use. The canal is operated as a state owned necessitated the construction of jetties and sea walls along water supply system and is heavily used by the residents of the many areas to stabilize the beach. Many shore communities Central Corridor for canoeing, boating and fishing. find it necessary to periodically restore beaches by replacing When the Morris Canal was constructed it extended over sand which has been washed away. one hundred miles from Phillipsburg on the Delaware River Beach user fees are charged by many shore communities through Jersey City to the Hudson River. Today, only segments to cover the expenses of providing lifeguards and other ser- exist in three regions - Northwest, North Central and Northeast. vices. At many communities, fees are levied against nonresi- In the near future, the title to these segments of the canal will dents only. Residents of these communities receive season revert to state ownership. passes either free of charge, presumably because their taxes are used to defray a portion of the beach operation costs, or at low season rates. This practice has been judged discriminatory Atlantic Consdiue in a recent court decision, and the communities are under court order to revise their fee systems so that residents and non- New Jersey's 127 mile Atlantic coastline is the State's residents are charged comparable amounts for the same most valuable natural resource in terms of recreation, which services. can be pursued in a variety of ways. One can simply walk along Two of New Jersey's study regions, the North Shore and the beach or just relax in the sun. For the more active recre- South Shore, front the Atlantic Ocean. Nearly 55% of the ationists, there are opportunities for skin diving, surfing, boat- State's coastline is located in the South Shore Region and the ing and water skiing in the ocean and bay areas. North Shore accounts for the remaining 45%. Approximately Los* ":d r 4 A 7,44@@'e, N ii-, L a 3" V gi `Ik X@ W7 Atlantic City Marina 69 TABLE 1A: NEW JERSEY'S ATLANTIC TABLE 1B: NEW JERSEY'S ATLANTIC COASTLINE COASTLINE OWNERSHIP SHORELINE USED FOR RECREATION 1969 1969 Public Shoreline Open for Private Shoreline Open for Total Shoreline Open for Publicly Owned Privately Owned Recreation Public Recreation Public Recreation Shoreline Shoreline Percent of Percent of Percent of Percent of Percent of Percent of Percent of Total Public Total Total Private Total Total Total Total Total Shoreline Length Shoreline Length Shoreline Length Shoreline Shoreline Length Shoreline Shoreline Length Shoreline Region (feetl (feet) M (feet) M Region (feet) M VA ) (feet) (1/1 ) M (feet) M North Shore 263,646 153.841 58.4 109,805 41.6 North Shore 127,497 82.9 48.4 24,523 22.3 9.3 152,020 57.7 South Shore 376,234 298,501 79.3 77,733 20.7 South Shore 298,501 100.0 79.3 77.733 100.0 20.7 376,234 100.0 State Total 639,880 452,342 70.7 187,538 29.3 State Totals 425,998 94.2 66.6 102.256 54.5 16.0 528,254 82.6 Source: U.S. Corps of Engineers 70% of the 127 miles of Atlantic coastline is owned by public Asbury Park may be considered the recreation focal point agencies and slightly less than 30% is owned by private inter- of the North Shore. Its extensive boardwalk, beach and ests. (See Table 1 A.) amusement area attract visitors from the northern New Jersey- New York City area. NORTH SHORE REGION Asbury Park Only 58% of the North Shore's coastline, 263, 646 feet, is under public ownership. Private frontage amounts to 109, 805 feet or just under 42% of the region's shoreline. Approximately 14 58% of the region's coastline is open to the public for recrea- tional use. (See Table 1 B.) Eighty-three percent of the publicly owned coastline is open for public recreation while only 22% of the privately owned shoreline is available for public use. New Jersey's most popular state parks, Island Beach and Sandy Hook, front the Atlantic Ocean in this region. Island Beach State Park, situated in the southern part of the Barnegat Peninsula, an offshore sandbar, is one of the few natural ex- panses of barrier beach remaining along the eastern edge of the North American continent. Besides extensive beaches, M, the park contains a botanical preserve and a wildlife sanctuary- Sandy Hook State Park is located on the southern part of Sandy Hook Peninsula which extends from New Jersey's main- land into the Raritan Bay. The appealing beaches of this state park attract visitors from the nea@rby New York metropolitan J area as well as the urban centers of northeastern New Jersey. 70 SOUTH SHORE REGION As recreation resources, estuarine areas are important-to The South Shore's entire coastline, measuring more than the tourist industry of New Jersey's shore communities, offer- 376,000 feet, is open for public recreation although nearly 21 % ing a wide variety of activity opportunities. Recreationists use is privately owned. estuarine waters for boating, sailing, water skiing, fishing and Atlantic City, one of the most popular vacation resorts in shellfishing. The marine wetlands, while serving as essential the United States, actually is located on a sandbar four miles resting, feeding and breeding areas for waterfowl throughout at sea, where nothing can be grown and no fresh water is the year and especially during spring and fall migration, offer available naturally. The skyscraper hotels are built on sand, and excellent waterfowl hunting. the amusement piers extend nearly one-half mile into the Until the passage of the Wetlands Act of 1970, New Jersey ocean. Atlantic City's famous boardwalk is spread over a million lost thousands of acres of marine wetlands annually to resi- square feet and separates the commercial areas from the dential and industrial development. The Wetlands Act autho- beach. rizes the Department of Environmental Protection to regulate development with respect to ecological factors over the areas Wildwood's natural beach, which is perhaps the finest . in defined as wetlands in the Act. Implementation of the Act will the State, and its boardwalk stretching along the beachline go far in preventing further deterioration and destruction of draw many visitors from the Philadelphia area. this valuable fragile natural resource. (See Legislation and Re- lated Actions Chapters.) Estuarine Areas At first glance, New Jersey's estuarine areas, marine wet- lands and estuarine waters, appear as vast expanses of mean ingless areas; but this is not so according to experts. They are food factories, "nursery" areas and breeding grounds for a seemingly endless variety of birds, animals, fish and crusta- ceans which are harvested by sportsmen and commercial fishermen. It is estimated that there are about 400,000 acres of fei marine wetlands in the State. The wetlands stretch along the 4Z Atlantic Ocean coastal strip from Sandy Hook peninsula to Cape May and on the shores of Delaware Bay from Cape May to the tidal portions of the Delaware River. There are over 390,000 acres of estuarine waters in New Jersey. This figure includes the tidal zones of rivers, portions of Raritan Bay (26,147 acres) and Delaware Bay (225,760 Pollution is yet another problem of the estuarine areas. At acres) within the State's boundaries, and bay areas lying be- present, shelifishing is restricted on approximately 25% of the hind the sandbar islands lining New Jersey's coast. Among State's estuarine water surface area because of water pollu- the State's well known estuarine water areas are Barnegat Bay tion. However, as water pollution abatement programs on the (44,036 acres), Little Egg Harbor Bay (21,349 acres) and Great rivers feeding into the bays become more effective, the water Bay (10, 125 acres). quality of the estuarine areas is expected to improve. 71 7 7-7= Lakes,, Ponds and Reservoirs -AW - Lakes, ponds and reservoirs in New Jersey vary in charac- Ap" ter. They range from those in rich, fertile basins which are suited for all forms of water-oriented recreation activities to those in barren clays and sands which are usually so acid that only a few forms of acid tolerant aquatic life can survive. Fortunately, most of New Jersey's lakes and ponds are located in the fertile areas close to most of the urban centers. Lakes range in size from several acres up to the 2,440 acres of Lake Hopatcong. In general, ponds range in size from one-half acre to two acres or more; however, there are ponds wk, exceeding 100 acres in size. This overlapping of size between what is called a lake or a pond is due to the lack of an accepted definition of size to differentiate these two resources. Although most of New Jersey's reservoirs have been _"A'4J created for nonrecreational purposes such as water supply and agricultural irrigation, they can be used for recreation providing the proper facilities are developed. Reservoirs in New Jersey 7@' vary in size from several acres to the 2,350 acres of Round Valley Reservoir. There are slightly over 50,000 acres of lakes, ponds and reservoirs in New Jersey. Although the distribution of this water surface acreage is uneven, no region contains less than 2,000 acres. (See map entitled "Major Lakes, Ponds and Reser- voirs.") The regions with the highest concentrations of lakes, ponds and reservoirs are the North Central and Northwest. The 206 bodies of water in the North Central Region have a water surface of 17,519 acres while the Northwest's 191 water bodies have. 12,468 acres of water surface. In the densely urbanized Northeast Region, there are over 5,300 acres of freshwater surface. (See Table 2.) Although private interests own 629 of the 965 lakes, ponds and reservoirs reported for New Jersey, public agencies own 55% of the State's total freshwater surface area. Privately owned freshwater surface exceeds the publicly owned area in three regions: the Northwest, Central Corridor and Southwest. Less than 40% of the State's total water surface area is open to the public for recreational use. In addition to the 19,418 72 TABLE 2: LAKES, PONDS AND RESERVOIRS INVENTORY 1970 Existing Lakes, Ponds Lakes, Ponds and Reservoirs under Lakes, Ponds and Reservoirs under and Reservoirs Public Ownership Private Ownership Total Publicly Public Recroa- Total Privately Public Recrea- Prlvfite Recrea- Owned tlonal Use Owned tional Use tional Use Water Water Water Water Water Water Surface Surface Surface Surface Surface Surface Region & County Number (Acres) Number (Acres) Number (Acres) Number (Acres) Number (Acres) Number (Acres) Northwest Hunterdon 9 3,707 3 3,636 3 3,636 6 71 0 0 1 24 Sussex 149 7,396 31 2,241 28 2,058 118 5,155 11 424 47 3.330 Warren 33 1,365 2 ill 2 ill 31 1,254 4 115 6 122 Regional Total 191 12,468 36 5,988 33 5,805 155 6,480 15 539 54 3.476 North Central Morr i s 133 10,433 40 6,798 20 3,581 93 3,635 4 202 28 2,076 Passaic 73 7,086 17 5,445 7 2,032 56 1,641 3 210 7 309 Regional Total 206 17,519 57 12,243 27 5,613 149 5,276 7 412 35 2,385 Northeast Bergen 38 3,119 21 2,779 15 158 17 340 0 0 2 163 Essex 14 756 9 686 4 119 5 70 0 0 1 21 Hudson 3 35 3 35 1 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 Passaic 18 1,163 6 25 2 11 12 1,139 1 17 3 318 Union 18 239 14 95 12 95 4 144 1 105 3 39 Regional Total 91 5,312 53 3,620 34 398 38 1,693 2 122 9 541 Central Corridor Mercer 15 424 5 75 4 61 10 349 6 273 18 Middlesex 26 11265 15 638 12 611 11 627 4 367 58 Somerset 18 363 6 55 5 20 12 308 1 12 5 170 Regional Total 59 2,052 26 768 21 692 33 1,284 10 652 7 246 North Shore Monmouth 39 1,029 19 437 13 357 20 591 12 329 0 0 Ocean 47 1,718 29 1,092 23 907 18 626 5 179 6 281 Regional Total 86 2,747 48 1,529 36 1,264 38 1,217 17 508 6 281 Southwest Burlington 45 1,765 9 526 8 320 36 1,239 3 98 17 626 Camden 28 63@9 10 313 10 313 18 326 4 109 4 62 Gloucester. 55 1,123 14 393 14 393 41 730 5 146 8 170 Regional Total 128 3,527 33 1,232 32 1,026 95 2,295 12 353 29 858 South Shore Atlantic 60 1,823 32 616 31 490 28 1,207 2 34 5 613 Burlington 16 543 16 543 3 198 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cape May 33 799 12 502 7 438 21 297 1 6 2 83 Ocean 4 129 3 1113 3 113 1 16 0 0 1 16 Regional Total 113 3,294 63 1,774 44 1,239 50 1,520 3 40 8 712 Delaware Bay Cumberland 50 2,252 11 263 10 253 39 1,989 4 81 1 145 Salem 41 1,084 9 242 7 225 32 842 5 298 11 288 Regional Total 91 3,336 20 505 17 478 71 2,831 9 379 12 433 STATE TOTALS 965 50,255 336 27,659 244 16,515 629 22,596 74 2,903 160 8,932 73 TABLE 3: RESERVOIRS INVENTORY 1970 Existing Reservoirs Reservoirs under Public Ownership Reservoirs under Private Ownership Total Publicly Public Recrea- Total Privately Public Recrea- Private Recrea- Owned tion Use Owned tion Use tion Use Water Water Water Water Water Water Surface Surface Surface Surface Surface Surface Region & County Number (Acres) Number (Acres) Number (Acres) Number (Acres) Number (Acres) Number (Acres) Northwest Hunterdon 2 3,625 2 3,625 2 3,625 Sussex Warren 4 520 4 520 1 11 Regional Total 6 4,145 2 3,625 2 3,625 4 520 1 11 North Central Morr I s 11 3,438 10 3,429 1 4 1 9 Passaic 3 2,930 3 2,930 Regional Total 14 6,368 13 6,359 1 4 1 9 Northeast Bergen 4 2,437 4 2,437 Essex 4 564 4 564 Hudson 2 20 2 20 Passaic 3 549 1 8 2 541 Union 1 105 1 105 1 105 Regional Total 14 3,675 11 3,029 3 646 1 105 Central Corridor Mercer Middlesex Somerset 2 102 1 35 1 67 Regional Total 2 102 1 35 1 67 North Shore Monmouth 2 226 2 226 Ocean 1 23 1 23 Regional Total 3 249 1 23 2 226 Southwest Burlington 1 60 1 60 1 60 Camden Gloucester Regional Total 1 60 1 60 1 60 South Shore Atlantic 2 147 2 147 Burlington 12 270 12 270 Cape My Ocean Regional Total 14 417 14 417 Delaware Bay Cumberland 1 920 1 920 Salem Regional Total 1 920 1 920 STATE TOTALS 55 15,936 43 13,548 4 3,689 12 2,388 2 116 74 acres of publicly used recreation water surface, there are New Jersey's 55 reservoirs have a total water surface area 8,932 acres of water surface which are used privately for rec- of 15,936 acres. (See map entitled "Major Reservoir Sites reation. Existing, Potential & Lost.") The great majority of the State's The 16,515 acres of publicly owned water surface which is reservoirs have been developed in the northern area to supply used for recreational purposes amounts to slightly less than the water required by the heavily urbanized areas of north- 60% of the total publicly owned water surface. Privately owned eastern New Jersey. The North Central Region has the largest water surface open to the public for recreation amounts to reservoir surface area, 6,368 acres, the Northwest Region has 2,903 acres and accounts for only 13% of the sector's supply. the next, 4,145 acres, and the Northeast Region follows with 3,675 acres. The reservoir surface area in these regions totals TABLE 4: MAJOR RESERVOIRS 14,188 acres or 89% of the State's total reservoir surface area. (over 150 acres) (See Tables 3 and 4.) The vast recreational potential of New Jersey's reservoirs has been only partially realized. Less than 4,000 acres of res- Open for ervoirs are open for public recreation. Private reservoirs offer Water Surface Public Region/County Name Ownership (Acres) Recreation recreational opportunities an only 116 acres of water while their water surface area amounts to 2,388 acres. Of New Bergen Lake Tappan Res. Public 550 Jersey's publicly owned reservoir area of 13,548 acres, 3,689 Oradel I Res. Public 620 acres are used for recreational purposes. The two reservoirs Riverdale Res. Public 1,255 constructed by the State under its multi-use concept account Cumberland Union Lake Private 920 for 3,625 acres of the public reservoir recreation water surface. Both of these reservoirs, Round Valley and Spruce Run, are lo- Essex Canoe Brook Res. #1 Public 239 cated in the Northwest Region. Hunterdon Round Valley Res. Public 2,350 x Spruce Run Res. Public 1,275 x PROPOSED RESERVOIRS Morris Boonton Res. Public 780 Over 26,300 acres of water surface could be added to the Charlotteburg Res. Public 375 State's recreation supply by the construction of the seven Longwood Valley Res. Public 1,000 planned state reservoirs and the conservation pools proposed Oak Ridge Res. Pubi ic 415 in the three U.S. Corps of Engineers flood control projects. At Splitrock Res. Public 640 this time it is impossible to predict the future of many of the pro- Passaic Clinton Res. Public 423 posals, particularly in regard to the three federal projects, the Oak Ridge Res. Public 197 Tocks Island Dam Project, the Passaic River Flood Control Point View Res. Private 513 Program, and the Crab Island Tide Dam on the Lower Raritan Wanaque Res. Public 2,310 River. The State's reservoir site acquisition program is financed Sussex Canistear Res. Public 350 through funds authorized by the Water Resources Bond Act of Warren Lower Res. Private 300 1969. At present two sites are in the acquisition stage: Six Mile Upper Res. Private 164 Run (754 acres) in the Central Corridor Region and Manasquan (15 acres) in the North Shore Region. Land acquisition for three 75 MAJOR LAKES, PONDS other sites will be underway shortly, while action on the two AND RESERVOIRS remaining sites has been deferred. Ultimately, 8,960 acres will be added to the State's recrea- tional water surface by the completion of all seven of the pro- posed state reservoirs. On a shorter range basis, the five 7,395 2 4 9@ scheduled reservoirs will increase the State's recreational water supply by 3,810 acres. Within the near future, a0proxi- 3,119 mately 1,300 acres of water surface acres will be created in the North Central Region, 860 acres in the North Shore Region, 1,365< 10,432 1,650 acres in the Central Corridor Region and 350 acres in the Northwest Region. In the Tocks Island Dam Project, a 12,425 acre lake formed by a dam stretching across the Delaware River at the northern tip of Tocks Island is proposed. The 37 mile long res- 3,706 361 ervoir would be in the center of the Delaware Water Gap Na SCALEIN ACRES tional Recreation Area and be used for water supply, flood 10,000 control, hydroelectric and recreational purposes. 5,000 + 1,000 424 1,028 999 to 500 .1 711& less than 500 0 1823 2,308 h 639 V J, 1,084 4 4t 1,823 2,252 r ON @D S 7' "365 799 76 Five alternative development plans for the Passaic River Flood Control Program have been prepared by the U.S. Corps of Engineers. Each alternative has been designed to reduce the flood damage potential of the river in the urbanized sections of the North Central, Northeast and Central Corridor regions and provide for at least one multiple use conservation pool. Under the U.S. Corps of Engineers' proposal for the Crab Island Tide Dam on the Lower Raritan River approximately 1,900 acres of recreational water surface will be created. Plans E for this multiple use project in the Central Corridor Region call for swimming, boating, fishing, camping, and hiking facilities. MAJOR RESERVOIR SITES-EXISTING, POTENTIAL & LOST EXISTING RESERVOIRS ER- 1 ORADELL ER- 2 WOODCLIFF LAKE AVAILABLE SITES ER- 4 DE FOREST ER- 3 RIVERVALE AS- 1COMO ER- 5 CANISTEAR AS- 2TOURNE ER- 6 OAK RIDGE AS- 3TWO BRIDGES' ER- 7 CLINTON AS- 4WHIPPANY ER- 8 CHARLOTTEBURG AS- 5WASHINGTON VALLEY ER- 9 ECHO LAKE AS- 6HARDSCRABBLE A ER-10 APSHAWA AS- 7LOWER MILLINGTON LOST SITES ER-1 I KIKEOUT AS- 8HACKLEBARNEY ER-12 WANAQUE AS- 9RAVINE LAKE LS- 1RAMAPO ER-13 POINT VIEW AS-10 RARITAN CONFLUENCE' LS- 2GREAT SWAMP AS-11 SIX MILE RUN* , ER-14 LONGWOOD VALLEY LS- 3HARRISONS BROOK ER-15 SPLITROCK AS-12 SOUTH RIVER* LS- 4BUNNVALE ER-16 BOONTON AS-13 CRAB ISLAND LS- 5McCREA MILLS ER-17 CLYDE POTTS AS-14 MANASQUAW LS- 6OLDWICK ER-18 COMMONWEALTH AS-15 TOCKSISLAND LS- 7BIG NORTH BRANCH ER-19 ORANGE AS-16 PAULINA LS- 8CHIMNEY ROCK ER-20 MIDDLESEX AS-1 7PEOUEST LS- 9ROCKY HILL ER-21 SPRUCE RUN AS-18 HACKETTSTOWN* LS-10 STONY BROOK ER-22 ROUND VALLEY ER-23 LAWRENCE BROOK ER-24 SWIMMING RIVER ER-25 JUMPING BROOK ER-26 GLENDOLA NEWTON *Proposed State Reservoirs ER-27 NEEDS.o OPEN SPACE, WATER RESOURCES, FACILITIES Open Space the growing pressure for development, the State's expanding population will require more public open space to satisfy its recreational desires. Along with the growing recognition of the As the rapid urbanization of New Jersey continues and problems of preserving open space, there exists a widespread leisure time increases, open space will play an increasingly acceptance of the fact that the problems will have to be solved important role in maintaining a desirable living environment through governmental planning and actions. for the residents of the State. Even though the supply of poten- Not only is open space the basic resource for recreation tial open space will decrease considerably in the future under facility development, it also performs other worthwhile func- tions, often concurrently. Open space can create breathing spaces in densely settled areas, shape urban growth, protect 44 natural resources, preserve distinct architectural, historic, geologic and botanic sites, and preserve natural beauty near urban and suburban development. It is virtually impossible to assign priorities to these functions because the type of open space appropriate to the highly developed urban areas is dif- ferent from the type of open space suitable to rural areas. 0 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITES The promotion of the public welfare is the primary objec- tive which all levels of government share in the development of park and recreation areas and in the protection and preser- vation of natural resources. Each of the various levels of gov- ume its "share" in different proportions and ernment must ass must fulfill its responsibilities in a different manner. As a general rule of thumb, the higher the level of govern- ment, the greater the percentage of open space holdings that ---- --- @--- should remain relatively undeveloped and held for conservation 78 purposes and preservation of the environmental integrity. Con- TABLE 1: OPEN SPACE GUIDELINES versely, the lower the level of government, the greater the FOR NEW JERSEY percentage of open space developed for more intensive recrea- Level Acres Per Thousand tional use. Municipal 8 A second general point with regard to the functional dif- County 12 ferences among the various levels of government in the sharing State 24 of open space responsibilities relates to the size of the parcels Federal 16 provided. Each successive level of government, in ascending 60 acres order, must assume a greater responsibility for providing larger areas of open space. This follows logically from the first point. At the local level, it is possible to provide for family intensive Jersey is extremely difficult because of the great variety and recreational activities on relatively small parcels. At the county extremes of land use found in this State, In addition, none of the level, the types of facilities provided suggest that larger parcels systems analyzed in the study (National. Recreation Associa- would be required to accommodate these activities. At the state tion, Athletic Institute, National Park Service and Regional and federal levels, where a greater emphasis is placed on Plan Association) covered the entire range of governmental natural or wilderness areas, much larger holdings are required responsibility. Consequently, guidelines have been developed to adequately meet these responsibilities. which combine the most appropriate features for New Jersey. A final general point relates to the problems of time, travel In the following paragraphs, the guidelines and their derivation distances and means of transportation. Local parks, ideally, for each jurisdiction are discussed. It must be noted that the should be within easy access of the people served, preferably proposed guidelines, while valid for establishing responsibili- within walking distance. County recreational areas should be ties on a statewide basis, are not necessarily realistic for de- located to maximize their accessibility. State parks, although fined areas such as municipalities with high population densi- more 'remote, should be spaced so that all people living in urban ties. concentrations are within 30-45 minutes of adequate state facil- ities, asguming easy flow of traffic. FEDERAL LEVEL The traditional responsibility of the federal level has. been 9"NTITATIVE OPEN SPACE the maintenance of a recreational open space system embrac- GUIDELINES ing areas and sites of national interest and concern. These areas have been acquired where they occur regardless of their As part of the inventory stage of the Statewide Planning proximity to urban concentrations or user accessibility. How- Program, a study entitled "Park and Recreational Land Use in ever, the emerging development pattern of the northeast sea- New Jersey" was conducted to examine existing population board has necessitated the Federal Government expanding its standards to formulate suitable and realistic open space recre- responsibilities to include providing sizable recreation areas ation guidelines for New Jersey. The guidelines used in the in close proximity to large urban complexes of high population present plan (see Table 1) are based on the findings of this density. study, published in the Open Space Policy Plan, prepared for A guideline of 16 acres per 1000 population is proposed the State of New Jersey by the Division of State and Regional for the federal level. This guideline was derived by the Division Planning, Department of Community Affairs. of State and Regional Planning by modifying the National Park The application of existing recreation standards to New Service standard to fit the needs of New Jersey. 79 STATE LEVEL ral elements to beautify the community and create a unifying The State's primary responsibility as administrator of large natural character. A reasonable acreage guideline for recreation areas at amounts of open space reflects its fiscal capabilities and its the local level most closely fitting the needs of New Jersey is designated duties concerning conservation, water manage- 8 acres per 1000 inhabitants. This figure was strongly influ- ment, major supplier of those outdoor recreation activities- enced by the thinking of both the National Recreation Associa- hunting, fishing, camping-which require extensive lands for tion and the Regional Plan Association. The 10 acres per 1000 enjoyment, and as the public's guardian of spectacular natural guideline advanced by the National Recreation Association was features such as the Delaware Water Gap. found to be an unrealistic goal for the highly developed urban Several studies have shown that it would be feasible to areas of New Jersey. For this reason, only recreational areas reserve at least 10% of New Jersey's land, or 480,000 acres, within close proximity to their user population are included in under the State's jurisdiction at the horizon population level of the modified guideline of 8 acres per 1000. The remaining 2 20 million people predicted by the Open Space Policy Plan. acres per 1000 population, which are usually in large parks and When this percentage of land is translated into an acreage per natural areas, were transferred from the municipal level to the population gyideline, a guideline of 24 acres per 1000 popula- county level. The concept of transferral is an adaptation of the tion is indicated and appears quite reasonable for New jersey. Regional Plan Association method but modified in that the transfer is aimed at the county systems and not at the other COUNTY LEVEL lower density municipalities. Large natural wooded or conservation areas, resembling regional parks, are being provided by the county along with a more intensively developed system of parks, public golf OPEN SPACE NEEDS courses, and areas for picnicking, swimming, boating, etc. These areas serve the needs of several communities but are Even though publicly owned open space has increased less than regional in scope. substantially in recent years, more must be added now and Various nationally recognized standards agree that a in the future to accommodate the growing needs of the State;s minimum of 10 acres per 1000 population should be provided population. Increasing land values, fast disappearing vacant at the county level. In the next section, which discusses the land, and the intense competition for land in both urban and municipal level, an additional 2 acres per 1000 is transferred suburban areas of New Jersey require that potential recreation from the municipal level resulting in a guideline of 12 acres per areas be acquired now or be lost forever to other public and 1000 at the county level. private uses. To create workable comprehensive recreation program, MUNICIPAL LEVEL recreation needs in terms of open space land requirements were defined so that regional and jurisdictional priorities could Municipal open space responsibilities can generally be be established. In determining general open space recreational described as (1) the provision of conveniently located areas needs on a regional basis for the study years of 1970, 1985 and which allow the interaction of people from nearby neighbor- 2000, the jurisdictional guidelines expressed in acreage per hoods and schools of the community, (2) the preservation of population ratios were applied to the regional population data natural buffers separating incompatible uses such as industries to arrive at land requirements which were then compared to and busy roads from residential areas, and (3) the use of natu- the 1970 supply. 80 New Jersey's present supply of public open space, al- TABLE 2: OPEN SPACE RECREATION though amounting to 473,685 acres, is not sufficient; statewide LAND NEEDS BY REGION 1 (acres) deficits at every governmental level amount to 246,952 acres. Region 1970 1985 2000 By 1985, this total deficit will grow to 308,072 acres without Northwest 5,336 6,524 8,161 additional public acquisition. To meet the needs of the State's NorthCentral 4,418 7,853 12,081 population in the year 2000, 381,175 acres will have to be pro- Northeast 157.280 189,149 217,885 vided in addition to the 1970 supply. (See Tables 2 and 3.) Central Corridor 41,171 50,185 71,858 North Shore 13,322 19,134 25,862 Federal -Statewide, the Federal level's open space deficit Southwest 19,020 26,545 35,059 amounts to 40,779 acres. This deficiency will grow to 55,489 South Shore 3,811 5,113 6,706 acres by 1985 and to 73,543 acres by the year 2000 without Delaware Bay 2,584 3,569 3,563 future acquisition. State Totals 246,952 308,072 381,175 State-The present state open space land deficit of 116,579 TABLE 3: OPEN SPACE RECREATION acres occurs in two regions, the Northeast and Central Cor- LAND NEEDS BY JURISDICTION (acres) ridor. Deficits bf state owned open space are expected to grow Jurisdiction 1970 1985 2000 to 134,428 acres by 1985 and 160,384 acres by 2000. Federal2 40,779 55,489 73,543 County-Deficits in county open space occur in all planning State 116,579 134,428 160,384 regions and total 48,708 acres. By the year 2000, the defi- County 48,708 65,721 83,627 ciency is projected to grow to 83,627 acres. Municipal 40,886 52,434 63,621 State Totals 246,952 308,072 381,175 Municipal-There are shortages of municipally owned open space in every region amounting statewide to 40,886 acres. 'Federal def icit was apportioned according to each region's percent of the Without future acquisition, this deficit will reach 63,621 acres total state population. ?Federal supply includes the Palisades Interstate Park (2430 acres) in the by the year 2000. Northeast Region. DISTRIBUTION OF OPEN SPACE NEEDS regions. Thus, the dedication of open space in one region does The table illustrating general land needs (Table 2) depicts affect other regions. the total deficits in open space acreage by region. There was However, because natural beauty and open space should no attempt to balance the open space surplus in one region be part of every man's environment, every region should have against the open space deficiency in another region. However a sufficient amount of open space set aside to provide visual a regionally oriented approach to the provision of open spac@ beauty and a place near at hand for outdoor recreation par- recreational land has its drawbacks, vis-a-vis a statewide ap- ticipation for children, the working adult on a weekday night, proach. New Jersey's urban regions, particularly the Northeast, and the poor, underprivileged, elderly and handicapped who are hard pressed for land for development and cannot provide are restricted in mobility. enough open space to accommodate their population. On a Also, natural resources determine the location of recrea- statewide basis, consideration of New Jersey's small size and tion facilities for various activities. Since each region varies short travel time between regions permits the development of in the types of natural resources suitable for recreation, a strict- recreational facilities to accommodate residents in nearby ly regional approach to open space for recreational use must be 81 modified to take this into account. Sites of special quality an d high recreation attractiveness must be viewed on a statewide PA basis since people will be drawn from all regions. Similarly, an open spaae surplus supplied by one level of government in a region was not balanced against deficien- (Z cies at other levels of government in the same region. The ac- quisition of extensive tracts of land by the State Government i a given region might appear to be more than adequate when n acreage per population and balanced land use standards are applied, but fails to reflect the different open space responsibili'- ties of each governmental level. Thus, each level of government in a region should consider dedicated open space equally as important as other land uses. An excess of open space land in the form of a vast state park ten miles from a municipality cannot replace the need for an open space area in the center of town where members of the community can meet and relax or where school age children, AWN*. _"W@ , unable to travel long distances, can play. REGIONAL ANALYSIS The 21,733 acres of open space recreational land provided at present by the region's counties and municipalities satisfies Open space recreational land needs are severest in the only 32% of the local level responsibilities. State's highly urbanized regions while they are comparatively The potential for the expansion and acquisition of open slight in the characteristically rural regions. (Refer to Table space in the Northeast Region is limited by the high degree of 2.) This relationship becomes particularly significant when one urbanization and intense competition for land. Because of these considers the correlation of intensity of development to the factors, intensive development of high use recreational facili- declining availability of suitable open space for public acquisi- ties can be expected at the local level. At both the federal and tion. state levels, top open space priority will be given to the acquisi- tion and preservation of natural areas threatened by encroach- NORTHEAST REGION ing urbanization and areas for intensive recreational use within This region, with nearly 50% of New Jersey's population, the urban setting. has the State's greatest open space deficit. Deficiencies in the CENTRAL CORRIDOR REGION provision of open space recreational lands exist at all levels of government and amount to 157,280 acres, accounting for 63% At all levels of government there is a critical need for open .31- of the State's total deficit. The projected 1985 deficit of 189,149 space land acquisition to offset the region's deficit of 41,171 acres will reach 217,885 acres by the year 2000 if additional acres. The Central Corridor Region is experiencing rapid urban public acquisition is not undertaken. and suburban growth and consequently the region's open space By far the greatest need in this region is for state provided deficit will reach 71,858 acres in 2000- nearly double the 1970 open space since the deficiency at this level amounts to 91,561. need. 82 State acquisition is sorely needed in this region since the of activities, and a need exists for expansion of state recreation present state supply falls short of adequacy by 25,018 acres. areas to serve both resident and tourist needs. On the local level, counties and municipalities should provide 9,995 additional acres to meet present requirements. NORTHWEST, NORTH CENTRAL, SOUTH SHORE Public open space acquisition should receive a high prior- AND DELAWARE BAY REGIONS ity in this region so that potential open space will not be lost permanently to development. If action is not taken within the In contrast to the urban regions of New Jersey, the rural very near future, the Central Corridor will face the same prob- regions of the Northwest, North Central, South Shore and lem as the Northeast: insufficient land resources to meet the Delaware Bay show limited open space deficits; however, the region's needs. determination of open space adequacy in these regions cannot be judged solely by acreage-to-population guidelines sinGe SOUTHWEST REGION these may be misleading when other factors are not considered. At present, an open space recreational land deficit of Guidelines based on resident population fail to evaluate the 19,020 acres exists at the county and municipal level in the impact of transient populations, to incorporate the unique Southwest Region. This need is centered primarily along the natural features of these sparsely settled regions for recreation i@tensively developed areas bordering the Delaware River. The opportunities, to consider the functions of open space in water region's growing population will create an open space land resource management and the other special functions of open deficit amounting to 35,059 acres by the turn of the century. space. Unlike other urban regions in New Jersey, the Southwest has Because of their unique natural resources, the South an excess of state owned open space; all of this land is located Shore and North Shore regions and, to a lesser degree, the in the sparsely populated "Pine Lands." Northwest Region attract a very high seasonal population seeking opportunities for recreation. These areas are in de- NORTH SHORE REGION mand not only by New Jersey residents but also by residents of New Jersey's RSI, particularly Philadelphia and New York. In this region, the present open space deficiency amount- In these regions, there exists a need to provide more open ing to 13,322 acres occurs at all governmental levels except the space than acreage-to-population guidelines indicate in order State. The continuance of suburban growth caused by the out- to accommodate this transient population and to maintain the ward expansion from the heavily populated regions of northern natural character essential to the setting of outdoor recreation. New Jersey is expected to transform the North Shore Region, Though surpluses of open space, based on the foregoing once a tourist oriented area, into a year-round residential region criteria, are indicated at the state level in the Northwest and with a 2000 population exceeding one million people. This tran- North Central regions, a critical need exists for even more sition will result in the region experiencing a need for 25,862 dedicated open space there to perform the essential functions acres of open space by the year 2000. As with the Southwest of watershed management and preservation of water storage Region, the open space deficiency is most acute at the local areas serving the urbanized regions of northern New Jersey. level where 9,611 acres are required to meet the current needs. Similarly, although there are vast amounts of state owned land Noteworthy is the fact that most of the region's supply is functioning as aquifer recharge basins and wildlife and fish concentrated along the ocean and there is a need to acquire habitats in the North Shore, Southwest, South Shore and Dela- open space to serve other than water oriented recreational ware Bay regions state holdings should be expanded further to activities. In addition, a great majority of the State's holdings protect these essential resources in their entirety and permit are fishing and hunting grounds which allow for a limited variety their proper management. 83 Water Resources NEEDS9 PROBLEMS AND POTENTIAL Water is a key factor in outdoor recreation activities described as water-based, such as swimming, boating, and fishing. Other activities, although not actually requiring water as a resource, are greatly enhanced by its presence; camping and picnicking are examples of such activities. In the water resources supply section, 50,000 acres of N fresh water, 6,448 miles of streams and rivers, 127 miles of Atlantic coastline and 390,000 acres of estuarine waters were reported as potential recreational water resources for the State. Yet, the results of the regional developed facility analysis indicate that regional facility deficits exist for three of the four water-based activities examined. (See Table 4.) Swimming, fishing and boating showed a combined statewide facility de- ficiency of 55,152 people. According to the demand projec- tions, the water resources now available for natural ice skating will be insufficient by 1985 in two regions. In this section, the recreational potential of each region's water resources is examined in relation to present and future regional recreational demands for water-based activities, and the apparent reasons contributing to facility deficits are cited. It was necessary to restrict the activities studied to the four ences makes it apparent that the facility surpluses or deficits water-based activities analyzed in the regional needs study- shown in the regional analysis are not necessarily representa- swimming, boating, fishing, and natural ice skating -because tive of individual subregions nor of the need for specific types of the availability of data and the ability to convert facility def- of facilities. icits to water resource requirements. The methodology used in the determination of regional Analyzing the potential of the supply reported in the Supply facility needs did not take the demand location factor into of Water Resources Chapter to satisfy the facility deficits de- account; the supply and demand for an entire region was com- rived for the four water-based activities is complicated by pared. Since there are demands generated by a region's several factors: the location of demand in relation to the dis- residents for close-to-home swimming, fishing, boating and ice tribution of supply, the types of recreation experiences provided skating opportunities, an evaluation of the adequacy of a by the various water resources, and the degree of public access region's facility supply to meet the demand for one of these to reported recreational water resources. By evaluating each of activities should consider the distribution of the supply within these elements, a greater understanding of the nature of facility the region. Obviously, facilities located in one section of a needs is gained. In some instances, an analysis of these influ- region will not satisfy the close-to-home demands of residents 84 of another section. Thus, in regions with apparent facility sur- TABLE 4: FACILITY CAPACITY DEFICITS FOR pluses there may be pockets of unmet demand. In the two WATER-BASED RECREATION ACTIVITIES shore regions, for example, there are ample swimming op- (Recreation Days on an Average portunities available in the bays and along the Atlantic beaches. Weekend Day in the Peak Season) However, these resources are not close enough to meet the total swimming demand of residents of the interior communities Natural and therefore additional facilities should be provided in these Region/Year Swimming Boating Fishing Ice Skating communities. Northwest Because the various water resources -freshwater lakes 1970 2,559 and ponds, bays, rivers and streams, and the Atlantic Ocean - 1985 9,181 provide distinctly different fishing, boating and swimming *2000 37,528 8,470 experiences, people have preferences regarding the experi- North Central 1970 3,113 ences associated with each resource. Therefore, to properly 1985 15,356 analyze a region's water resource supply in terms of recreation 2000 28,281 15,240 demand, the composition of the supply must be studied. This Northeast is particularly applicable to the two shore regions where there 1970 9,675 22,110 1985 61,653 12,094 500 3,774 are abundant bay and ocean opportunities along the coastal 2000 80,010 7,110 5,400 153,800 zone. These resources are capable of satisfying most of the Central Corridor regions' away demands and substantial portions of the home 1970 7,211 1,795 demands. Still, the remaining demands for the freshwater 1985 12,901 14,511 4,076 boating, fishing and swimming opportunities and pool swimming 2000 51,200 10,700 4,240 experiences should be recognized and given the proper atten- North Shore 1970 tion. 1985 9,336 21,466 Recreational use of a water body is determined to a great 2000 29,680 59,100 extent by its accessibility, the ability of potential users to reach Southwest the resource and then to use it for the desired activity. A prob- 1970 2,686 1985 9,886 lem is encountered when using the supply information re- 2000 25,526 10,400 ported in the lakes, ponds and reservoirs inventory because the South Shore accessibility of water bodies reported as open for general 1970 6,003 public recreational use was not indicated. A lake or pond, for 1985 30,168 example, may be open for general public recreational use but 2000 33,710 accessible only by foot; thus, the type and quantity of equip- Delaware Bay 1970 ment which may be used by the recreationists is limited to that 1985 which can be carried. In such cases, the resource is not avail- 2000 2,500 able for most types of boating use. in addition, specific facilities State Totals are required to make water resources accessible for many 1970 9,675 43,682 1,795 1985 74,554 100,532 4,576 25,240 recreation activities, e.g., beaches for swimming. 2000 222,545 117,810 9,640 212,900 For the purposes of this analysis, the lack of access to available recreational water resources was assumed to be a *In determining the facility deficits for the year 2000, it was assumed significant factor contributing to a region's water-based facility that the 1985 deficits had been satisfied. 85 deficits when sizable discrepancies were noted between the can be attributed to the fact that many of the region's water lakes, ponds, and reservoirs inventory reported recreational bodies are smaller than the minimum size necessary for boat- water surface acreage, and the supply of water-based facili- ing use. Still, the magnitude of the discrepancy indicates that ties reported by the jurisdictions providing recreation. This many of the region's resources are inaccessible because of the assumption is based upon the feeling that jurisdictions only lack of physical access and adequate facilities. reported as existing recreation supply, water bodies which To provide the swimming opportunities to meet the North- have adequate public access. Areas closed to recreational use, west's future needs, beaches should be developed by the whether privately or publicly owned, are considered legally public and private sectors to make the region's resources inaccessible in the study. accessible. At the municipal level, swimming pools should be constructed to satisfy the close-to-home demand for opportuni- REGIONAL ANALYSIS ties. Physical and legal access to the region's water resources NORTHWEST REGION would meet the Northwest's present and future unmet demands for boating. Public agencies should construct access roads and The Northwest Region has been richly endowed with ramps for greater use of their resources and the private sector natural water resources. In addition to the region's 185 lakes should be encouraged to open their resources to the general and ponds totaling over 8,000 acres of water surface, there public. are 6 reservoirs providing a total of 4,145 acres. There are also many high quality streams and rivers flowing through the NORTH CENTRAL REGION region. At present, the Northwest's demand for water-oriented The North Central Region leads the State in freshwater activities, except boating, is being met by the existing supply. surface area with 17,519 acres. Lakes and ponds account for The 1970 boating need of 2,559 people will reach 9,181 people 11,151 acres while reservoirs account for the remaining 6,368 by 1985. By the turn of the century, the region's existing supply acres. The public sector owns a little more than half of the of facilities will fail to meet the region's demands for swimming region's lakes and ponds water surface and all but one of the by 37,528 people and for boating by 17,651 people. North Central's fourteen reservoirs. Apparently, the Northwest's water resources are sufficient Although the North Central Region has a copious supply to meet the needs if their potential is fully realized. There are of water resources it has a present unmet demand for boating several factors, however, which at present tend to inhibit such opportunities of 3,113 people which will increase to 30,596 utilization. Ownership and the lack of access -are the two pri- people by the year 2000. By the turn of the century, the region mary factors, and in the case of boating, the size of individual will also need additional swimming facilities to accommodate water bodies. 28,281 people. The private sector owns nearly 6,500 acres of water sur- Like the Northwest Region, the North Central Region pos- face and yet little more than 500 acres of this total is open to sesses sufficient water resources to meet its present and the public for recreational use. Another 3,500 acres of the pri- future requirements. Mutiple use of reservoirs and greater vate sector's supply is used for private recreational use. public use of privately owned resources will be necessary, While the Northwest Region has over 5,988 acres of however, to meet the region's growing needs. publicly owned recreational water surface, the region's various The recreational potential of the region's reservoirs is jurisdictions providing recreation facilities reported only 2,507 tremendous; however, to date, little has been done to tap this water surface acres as boating supply. Part of this discrepancy resource. In this region with 6,368 acres of reservoirs, 6,359 86 of which are publicly owned, more reservoir acreage could be for public recreation and the unsuitable water quality of many opened for recreation than just the 4 acres currently available. resources for certain recreation activities -would lower the While the private sector accounts for over 5,000 water Northeast's 1985 facility needs for swimming, boating and surface acres, it provides only 412 acres for public recreation. fishing, much of the region's demands for these activities will Greater public use of private resources is necessary. have to be met outside of the region. Discounting the demands Full utilization of the North Central's existing water re- which will be satisfied in other regions, the Northeast will still sources and the proposed state reservoir (1,300 acres) will have unmet demands by 1985 for swimming, boating and fish- alleviate the region's present and future boating needs and ing amounting to 61,653, 12,094 and 500 people, respectively. most of the region's future swimming needs. The remaining By the year 2000, the region's unmet demands will reach portion of the region's swimming needs should be met at the 141,663 people for swimming, 19,204 people for boating and local level through the provision of swimming pools and beach- 5,900 people for fishing without additional facility development. es within easy reach of urban residents. Although faced with an enormous projected natural ice skating deficit of 157,574 people by the year 2000, the North- east can satisfy this need through better utilization of its existing natural resources. In terms of facilities, the local jurisdictions must provide 217 acres of water surface by the turn of the century. rr At present, only 520 acres of lakes, ponds and reservoirs in the region are available for public recreational use. Of the Northeast's total reservoir surface area of 3,675 acres, only 105 acres, all of which are privately owned, are used for recrea- tion. In this region where there is a critical need for recreational water surface, the virtual non use of reservoirs is an extrava- gance which can be ill afforded. It is appreciated, however, that the reservoirs are operated for water supply purposes and 7-j that infrequent drawdowns will limit utilization of these facilities for recreational purposes. Under current plans, the water quality of most of the Northeast's rivers and drainage basins will be upgraded to the NORTHEAST REGION point of permitting contact recreational use. Elimination of water pollution as a primary limiting factor in the use of the The Northeast Region's existing freshwater surface region's water resources will contribute significantly to the acreage is sizable, 5,312 acres; but its recreational potential Northeast's potential supply of facilities for water-based activi- falls far short of accommodating the region's year 2000 pro- ties. jected demands for boating, fishing, and swimming. As the If the federal flood control proposal for the Passaic River, is State's most populous region, the Northeast shows the greatest adopted, one or two major conservation pools, large portions present and future home demands for water-oriented activities. of which will be in the Northeast Region, will be formed, creat- Though reduction of the factors presently limiting recrea- ing up to 7,600 acres of water area. This water surface will have tional use of the Northeast's water resources-the reluctance the potential to alleviate a substantial portion of the region's on the part of public and private owners to open their resources future water activity needs. 87 CENTRAL CORRIDOR REGION ity of the polluted resources must be upgraded to acceptable The Central Corridor's water resources totaling 2,052 levels. Swimming pool development in the urban areas will be surface acres consist of 57 lakes arfd ponds with 1,950 acres necessary to satisfy the demand geneeated by city residents and 2 reservoirs totaling 102 acres. At present, the recreational for close-to-home opportunities. use of many of the region's rivers and streams is restricted by Most of the Central Corridor's future water activity needs water pollution; however, most of the Central Corridor's water will be satisfied by the construction of four state and federal resources are scheduled for upgrading programs which will water supply or control projects. Approximately 1,650 acres of improve water quality to a level acceptable for most forms of recreational water surface will be created by the two state recreation. reservoirs programmed for the region. In addition, the U.S. The majority of the Central Corridor's water surface, u .nlike Corps of Engineers' proposed Crab Island Dam on the Lower that of many regions, is open for public recreational use. This Raritan River would add 1,900 acres to the region's water amounts to 1,344 acres. However, there is a considerable gap surface. Also, portions of the conservation pools planned in the between this figure and the supply of boating and fishing water federal flood control proposal for the Passaic River will extend acreage reported by the various jurisdictions indicating a into the northern section of the region. general lack of access to the available water bodies. A sizable boating facility deficit exists at present; the region's facilities are unable to accommodate 7,211 people who desire boating opportunities on an average weekend day during the peak season. This present unmet boating demand will increase to 14,511 people by 1985 and soar to 25,211 people by the year 2000. A need for fishing facilities also exists. The present fishing facilities deficit of 1,795 people will grow to 4,076 people by 1985 and to 8,316 people by the turn of the century. Though the existing facilities appear sufficient to accom- modate the region's swimming demand, except in the highly urbanized cities, they will fall far short of accommodating the 1985 demand by 12,901 people and the 2000 demand by 64,101 people. Without the development of additional swimming facili- ties, the unmet 2000 demand for swimming will rank highest NORTH SHORE REGION among the region's thirteen outdoor recreation activities ana- lyzed in the developed facilities needs study. Opportunities for water-based recreation abound along the The Central Corridor's existing water resources have the North Shore's Atlantic coastline. Fishing, boating, shellfishing, recreational potential to satisfy a substantial portion of the and water skiing are among the many activities enjoyed on the region's present and future swimming and fishing needs and a region's bays. Recreationists can also walk along the North significant part of the boating needs. But to take advantage of Shore's fine beaches or swim in the surf. Besides the region's this potential, adequate access must be provided to both pub- abundant saltwater resources, there are 2,747 acres of fresh- licly and privately owned areas. Facilities such as boat ramps water surface and miles of rivers and streams offering recrea- and swimming beaches must be developed, and the water qual- tional potential. 88 The region's facilities for water-based recreation activities SOUTHWEST REGION appear sufficient to meet the North Shore's present demands. But by 1985 the North Shore will need additional natural ice The Southwest Region's water resources include 3,527 skating areas and boating facilities for projected unmet de- acres of lakes, ponds and reservoirs and the Delaware River mands of 21,466 people and 9,366 people, respectively. and its numerous tributaries. Unfortunately, recreational use of At present, the many fine municipal and commercial the Delaware River, which borders the region to the west and beach facilities along New Jersey's famed Atlantic coastline is within easy access of the majority of the Southwest's resi- appear adequate to accommodate the present and future dents, has been inhibited by water pollution. Water quality is swimming demands of the North Shore Region. However, also a problem of the Delaware's tributaries as they flow further analysis of the swimming supply in terms of distribution through the densely populated strip lining the Delaware River and the types of opportunities provided reveals regionwide in this region. needs for freshwater beaches and swimming pools. The North At present, the Southwest has a deficit of boating facilities: Shore's abundant coastal facilities are located too distant from the 1970 unmet demand amounts to 2,686 people. Facilities the region's intorior communities to meet the close-to-home for the three other water-based activities, swimming, fishing swimming demands generated by residents. In addition, the and natural ice skating, are sufficient to handle the region's coastal based facilities cannot satisfy the swimming demand present and 1985 demands. By the turn of the century, the for freshwater and pool opportunities. Because the user fees Southwest will need additional swimming facilities to accom- charged at commercial beaches and pools often act as barriers modate 25,526 people and boating facilities to satisfy a pro- to general public use, particularly to large families, the public jected unmet demand of 20,286 people. sector should develop the majority of the required facilities. Analysis of the region's existing swimming supply indi- It is evident that the North Shore's present and projected cates, however, that a substantial portion of the swimming natural ice skating deficits and its future boating facility needs facilities provided by the municipal level, the Southwest's are results of -lack of access rather than lack of water re- primary contributor of swimming opportunities, occurs in the sources. Adequate access in the form of legal and physical region's non-urban communities. Therefore, additional swim- access to the region's thousands of acres of bays, the publicly ming facilities should be developed in the region's urban cen- owned lakes, ponds and reservoirs water surface of 1,529 ters to service these areas. Such facilities should consist acres, the 1,217 acres of privately owned freshwater surface, primarily of swimming pools since natural opportunities are and the proposed state reservoirs totaling 860 acres will allevi- limited. ate the North Shore's facility needs for these activities. Evidently the lack of physical and legal access to the Rampant pollution has already closed swimming beaches region's water resources is the major cause of the Southwest's lining the bay shore area of the Raritan-Sandy Hook Bay and present and future boating facility deficits. The lakes, ponds threatens to close some of the region's other fine beaches. and reservoirs inventory reported 1,232 acres of public recrea- A direct result of the pollution problem has been the reduction tion water surface while the various jurisdictions providing in harvestable shellfish. State action encouraging and coordi- recreation facilities reported a total boating supply amounting nating local abatement programs is necessary to restore and to less than 5% of the inventory acreage indicating a general realize the area's potential for water-oriented recreation. The lack of physical access. In terms of legal access, only 353 proximity of the North Shore to the densely populated north- acres of the private sector's 2,295 acres of water surface are eastern section of the State adds greatly to the importance of open for public recreation. Recreational use of another 858 protecting the region's valuable water resources. acres is restricted solely to private use. 89 Upgrading of the region's substandard water resources lem lies in gaining access to these resources. Alleviation of and providing adequate legal and physical access to these the South Shore's shortage of boating facilities requires public resources will alleviate most of the region's need for water and private development of boat launching ramps and marinas. facilities. In the case of swimming, future facilities, whether in Like the other shore region's swimming facilities, the the form of pools or beaches, will have to be developed near South Shore's supply is saltwater based and is concentrated, and within the region's urbanized areas. therefore, along the coastal zone. Although not obvious, a need exists within the region for swimming pools and freshwater Belleplain State Forest beaches to provide alternatives to ocean and bay bathing. This need is most pronounced in the region's urban centers and interior communities. DELAWARE BAY REGION A 1"2 This region, receiving its name from the Delaware Bay ell, which it borders, is fortunate in terms of potential recreational Ila, water resources. In addition to New Jersey's portion of the Delaware Bay -over 225,000 acres -the region hasover3,336 A acres of publicly and privately owned freshwater surface. Rural in character and, at present, relatively inaccessible to the large urban areas, the Delaware Bay has low home and away demands for recreation opportunities. Consequently, the SOUTH SHORE REGION region's existing facilities for the four water-based activities The South Shore's coastal resources consisting of over 70 of swimming, boating, fishing and natural ice skating appear miles of Atlantic Ocean shoreline and thousands of acres of adequate to accommodate the present and 1985 demands. By bays has long attracted tourists seeking water-based recrea- the turn of the century, however, additional boating facilities tion opportunities. In addition to its saltwater resources, the will be needed to accommodate 2,500 people. South Shore has over 3,294 acres of lakes, ponds and reser- As a recreation resource the Delaware Bay is underuti- voirs and many miles of clean, unpolluted rivers and streams. lized. At present, access to this vast recreation resource is Although the millions of visitors attracted annually to the limited by the lack of developed facilities, e.g., swimming South Shore generate tremendous demands for water-based beaches, boat launching ramps, etc. Primary responsibility for recreation, the region's existing facilities, with exception of developing these facilities rests with the State since it already boating facilities, appear adequate to accommodate present owns extensive bay frontage. and future demands. The region's present unmet boating de- Although the Delaware Bay is primarily rural in nature, mand of 6,003 people is projected to soar to 63,878 people by there are pockets of urban development. For residents of these the year 2000 without the provision of additional facilities. urban communities, the region's coastal facilities, especially Since the South Shore fronts on the vast Atlantic Ocean those for swimming, are too distant to meet all their needs. To and has thousands of acres of bays, plus lakes, ponds and accommodate the demand for swimming opportunities close to reservoirs within its boundaries, it is obvious that it does not home, local levels of government should develop new swim- lack the resources to satisfy boating demands. Rather the prob- ming beaches and pools. 90 SURFACE WATER 9"LITY Certain beach and water areas along polluted rivers and bays could be enclosed by concrete structures. The polluted IMPROVEMENT water would be filtered, purified and then fed into such enclo- sures. Properly designed, these enclosures would provide a During the past decade the State of New Jersey has taken sense of swimming in a large natural area rather than in an positive steps toward checking water pollution and improving enclosed artificial pool. The other side of the enclosure could the quality of its salt and freshwater resources: water quality be used for docking boats, and the top for walkways and sun- standards that are in conformance with federal guidelines have. bathing areas. been adopted; the surface waters of the State have been cl *assi- Enclosed swimming areas using filtered water are entirely fled according to their best uses and the appropriate water feasible from a construction and perhaps even an economic quality criteria have been applied; an active enforcement point of view. This technique is Icertainly no substitute for the program has been undertaken; and funds from stateand federal cleaning of marginal waters, but it might very will be used as sources have been made available for the construction of a temporory measure until adequate treatment of the entire water pollution abatement facilities by local units of govern- river or stream is achieved. ment. New Jersey, like the other industrial states of the nation, RESERVOIRS faces a massive task which will take time and large expendi- tures of public and private funds. Under the present classifica- Throughout the plan reference has been made to the open- tion systems, the water quality of the vast majority of the State's ing of public and private water storage reservoirs to swimming, surface water resources will be maintained or upgraded so as boating, fishing, ice skating, and other water-based activities. to permit contact recreational use, e.g., swimming and water This concept, however, has created much controversy. skiing. Only sections of the tidal zones of several rivers will be Those in favor of recreational use of reservoirs state these restricted to secondary contact uses, e.g., fishing and boating points: (a) the opening of reservoirs for recreational opportuni- by water quality. ties will make it possible for a large number of people to enjoy outdoor facilities, (b) pollution problems in many existing raw UTILIZATION OF POLLUTED WATERS water sources are greater than would be created by swimmers IN URBANIZED AREAS and attendant crowds, (c) facilities now available for water treatment can maintain a safe supply of water in spite of the Many large urban areas in New Jersey have the greatest introduction of, some pollution, and (d) the physical contact demand for water-based activities; yet these areas have the and associated waste disposal of large groupings of people fewest natural resources because many rivers and streams in would not present any greater health problem than other uses urban areas suffer from critical water pollution. Plans for pol- of lands adjacent to reservoirs. lution abatement will alleviate much of this problem, although The opponents of using water supply reservoirs for recrea7 these plans may require an extended period of time for im- tion contend that: (a) swimmers and other sportsmen are rep- plementation. One possible solution to this problem may be resentative of the minority of water users and of those who the idea of filtering a section of a polluted urban river for swim- pay for the reservoir, (b) poor quality water sources have been ming. This approach could be used in the urbanized areas of used in the past only through necessity, (c) stored water -used New Jersey as it has been ac 'complished in Paris where sec- for recreation will require filtration and, therefore, it is unfair tions of the Seine River have been enclosed, filtered and used that all taxpayars must bear this burden of cost to accommo- for swimming. date the recreational desires of a few, and (d) water treatment 91 is not foolproof in preventing the transmission of water-borne have altered former views concerning recreation resoonsibili- diseases. ties. For the most part, the question of using water supply New highways and increased mobility, i.e., high speed reservoirs for recreational purposes is viewed largely as an mass transit that will bring rural parks within almost instant economic matter. Techniques are well developed for treat- reach of urban dwellers, may also require a re-examination of ment of water to reduce its bacteriological hazard essentially traditional responsibilities. to zero. Engineering techniques are also available for removing Urbanization in New Jersey is perhaps the major force dissolved materials from waters. Thus, to use water supply motivating changes in traditional roles and responsibilities. reservoirs for recreation, a municipality or water company New Jersey, already the most densely populated state in the would have to treat the supply to a greater degree and at a nation, is gaining over 300 people every day and is developing greater cost than would be the case if they were not open to between 5,000 and 10,000 acres of former agricultural land recreational use. yearly. Outgrowths of this rapid urbanization, such as rising It is encouraging to note that the City of Newark recently land costs and escalating taxes, are among the factors influ- completed a study of the recreational potential of its Pequan- encing these traditional role changes by reducing the private nock Watershed which includes six reservoirs totaling 1,942 sector's ability to fulfill former responsibilities. Responding to water surface acres. If the recommendations of the study are the crucial need to retain green oases for outdoor recreation adopted and implemented, opportunities for swimming, sailing and provide additional facilities to meet expanding recreational and canoeing, fishing and ice skating along with other activities needs, the various levels of government are enlarging their will be provided. traditional roles to assume greater responsibilities. FEDERAL Traditionally, the Federal Government's role in New Jersey Faeffities has been focused on the preservation and conservation of his- toric sites and natural areas of national significance. However, ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITES in recent years, the federal role in outdoor recreation has been IN THE BEVEL OPMENT OF greatly enlarged in scope as evidenced by several factors. First, the Federal Government has initiated matching federal RECREATION FA CltITZES grants to assist state and local recreation planning and develop- ment. Second, it has sold or leased on a long term basis 375 In order to a@sign jurisdictional responsibilities for the acres of federal surplus property for park or recreation pur- development of recreation facilities to meet future needs, each poses at discount prices to the state, county and municipal recreation activity must be analyzed in relation to traditional units of government, and under the new Legacy of Parks Pro- roles associated with providing these opportunities and the gram, which empowers the General Services Administration new roles which are likely to evolve. Because of innovations in to dispose of surplus property at 100% discount for park and certain activities and increased urbanization forecasted for recreation uses, the Federal Government has transferred 772 1985 and 2000, the concept of traditional roles will most prob- acres to state and local agencies. Third, it has planned develop- ably change. Already innovations in our traditional modes of ment of the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area in outdoor recreation, such as low cost devices to make artificial northwestern New Jersey. Most significantly, the Federal snow and equipment such as pop-up tents and luxury trailers, Government will establish the Gateway National Recreation 92 Area in the center of the northern New Jersey-New York urban LOCAL complex, indicating that it will assume a greater responsibility At the local level, the rapid expansion and development for providing recreation opportunities in or close to urban of recently established county park systems in Cape May, areas. Mercer, Monmouth, Morris and Somerset counties, the re- The Surplus Property Program offers an excellent oppor- sponse to the Green Acres land acquisition programs, and the tunity for federal, state and local cooperation in providing numerous applications submitted for federal matching fund recreation facilities for the benefit of the public. According to assistance for facility development are indications that New a recent inventory, federal agencies own nearly 125,000 acres Jersey's counties and municipalities are responding to the of land in New Jersey. Slightly over 45,000 acres are dedicated public's increasing need for outdoor recreation opportunities to recreation open space or related functions, leaving nearly 80,000 acres dedicated to other uses. Federal military agencies close to home. own the majority of this acreage in the form of expansive instal- PRIVATE lations with Fort Dix, occupying 31,992 acres in Burlington County, being the largest. Ranging in size from the large mili- The private sector, composed of commercial enterprises, tary reservations to the less than one acre lots used for Post private or restricted membership clubs and quasi-public organi- Offipes, many of the federal properties in New Jersey offer zations, is the major contributor of facilities for many recreation excellent recreation development potential when declared activities. The future role of the private sector in the provision surplus, particularly in or close to urban areas where many are of outdoor recreation facilities will largely be determined by located. economics since the commercial concerns, the largest seg- ment of the private sector, will only supply facilities which prove STATE profitable (e.g., boat marinas and campgrounds). The State's traditional role has centered on providing facilities for activities which are extensive in nature. The State ACTIVITY ANALYSIS has enlarged upon this traditional recreational responsibility In the following paragraphs, a breakdown of jurisdictional in response to problems created by urbanization and its roles responsibilities for the provision of opportunities for each of as dispenser and coordinator of federal and state funds for local the twelve activities analyzed is presented. These responsibili- recreation programs. Examples of the State's expanded role in outdoor recreation are apparent: the initiation of the Green ties are outlined in general terms since in each study region the Acres Program to acquire open space recreation land now to relative resources and capabilities of the various jurisdictions serve future needs; the undertaking in cooperation with local differ. governmental units of projects serving primarily urban resi- Swimming-Of all outdoor recreation activities, the highest dents, e.g., Liberty State Park; the integration of recreation as demand now and in the future is for swimming and related a significant part of interstate planning; the provision of public water-oriented activities such as fishing and boating. New facilities, of broad, popular appeal, e.g., Sandy Hook and Island Jersey, bordered on three sides by water and possessing nu- Beach State Parks; the multiple use development of Spruce merous inland waterways and over 50,000 acres of lakes and Run and Round Valley Reservoirs to serve recreation needs ponds, offers an apparent abundance of natural opportunities and water supply; and the development of facilities not pre- for water-oriented and related activities. However, man-made viously provided at state recreation sites, e.g., a golf course barriers have seriously inhibited the full use of our waters for at Allaire State Park. recreation by the general public. 93 At present, 97% of the existing swimming facilities are river's recreational potential. Access points, with suitable provided by the private sector and municipal level. In many accompanying facilities for overnight camping, will be spaced cases, high user fees or restrictions limiting use to residents of at intervals equal to the averageldaily travel distance of a a community or members of a club act as barriers to general canoer. Similarly, the State is planning to develop the Delaware public use of these resources. The State is responsible for and Raritan Canal as a recreational waterway with such water- providing facilities with broad, popular appeal and reasonable related facilities as picnic tables and campsites provided along user fees. Consequently, the State should continue to acquire the canal's course. Opportunities for providing water skiing, and develop new areas similar to Island Beach, Sandy Hook sail boating and ice boating should be explored by the various and Hopatcong State Parks and multi-use Spruce Run and levels of government. Round Valley Reservoirs to accommodate the general public's At present, the private sector provides 86% of all boating need for adequate swimming facilities. Such state action would berths in New Jersey. Encouragement and assistance should serve to protect the vulnerable coastal beaches from the de- be given to the private sector to continue its role as New Jer- leterious effects of beach erosion and poorly planned develop- sey's major supplier of boating accommodations and boat ser- ment. vice facilities. The need for swimming facilities is greatest in urban areas where, in many instances, man-made barriers in the form of Fishing-Water pollution seriously affects participation in air and water pollution prevent the full use of natural water fishing. Unchecked pollution has disrupted the balance of resources. It appears that present and future deficiencies in nature and greatly diminished natural reproduction of fish in the supply of swimming facilities in these areas will, of neces- many of New Jersey's water bodies. Inedible, low grade sity, be met largely by construction of swimming pools. At pres- species able to tolerate polluted waters have replaced the more ent, the private sector is the primary supplier of swimming desirable fish, thus forcing many sport fishermen to travel pools (82% of the State's pools), but in the future the county further for good fishing opportunities. The State should provide and murlicipal levels will have to provide a larger proportion the incentive and administrative framework for water quality of swimminp pools within easy access of the population. management programs in coordination with the enforcement of anti-pollution ordinances at the local level. The state and fed- Boating- Accessibility in the form of additional launching, eral levels should continue to make funds available to local mooring, and boat rental facilities is needed to unlock the governments for the construction of new sewerage facilities obvious potential of New Jersey's water resources for boating and the upgrading of existing facilities. opportunities. The State should play the pivotal role in the The fact that many of the State's waters are capable, of procurement of rights-of-way and stream rambles in order to providing quality fishing for large numbers of anglers is attrib- provide boaters legal access to water bodies. Municipalities, uted to the fish rearing and stocking program of the Division of counties and the State should coordinate actions to develop Fish, Game and Shellfisheries. This is particularly true in the these resources to their fullest by providing canoe and boat heavily fished waters of the densely populated urban areas, rentals, launch facilities and marinas. The State should con- and in those waters which, because of pollution that is manifest tinue developing reservoirs for multiple use like Spruce Run and by high natural temperatures, are capable of supporting quality Round Valley. fish only during the spring or fall seasons when temperatures Recreational waterways should be established by the State are acceptable. In many areas this has been the only way that with adequate access and supporting facilities. The State of a pleasurable recreational fishing experience has been made New Jersey is in the process of establishing a number of access available to the public. In view of the further urban sprawl and points along the Delaware in order to take full advantage of the disproportionately heavy fishing effort on small waters in urban 94 areas and the increasing limitations on the fish producing Surf fishing is a popular sport in New Jersey. Though-it capabilities of such waters as the result of pollution characteris- can be enjoyed all year round, peak participation occurs in tic of such situations, the State should expand the sport fish the spring and fall. Since participation in surf fishing does not rearing capabilities of the Division of Fish, Game and Shell- conflict with swimming in these seasons, the public and private fisheries. sectors should be encouraged to promote use of their shore- As with boating, access is the major factor in opening line resources for this activity. In addition, the private sector fishing areas for the public. The procurement of rights-of-way, should be encouraged to develop fishing facilities open for pub- stream rambles and the construction and repair of fishing piers lic use at reasonable fees. and jetties are all needed to alleviate the pressure created by the lack of access. The major responsibility for access develop- Hunting -The State provides 80% of the land for hunting in New ment falls under the State's jurisdiction since it is closely allied Jersey. The State should continue to acquire land for hunting to the State's other responsibilities in navigation, water and in regions where it is still available in order to accommodate fish resource management. In areas conducive to overnight the unmet hunting demands of many regions where it is impos- fishing trips, the State should develop auxiliary facilities includ- sible to set aside hunting areas because of intense residential ing camping and boat launches similar to those being devel- and industrial development pressures. As hunting requires oped along the Delaware River. The counties and municipalities extensive undeveloped land tracts, the State must act now should consider acquiring access rights to water and stream while such tracts still exist. Continued state action in coordina- rambles to provide local opportunity for day use fishing. tion with local governments is needed to preserve and protect Saltwater fishing, either from the shore or on a boat, existing public and private hunting grounds from despoliation faces a possible threat of water pollution from unrestricted resulting from incompatible development. The State should also sewage and waste disposal that could adversely affect fish seek to increase the supply of wildlife through habitat improve- reproduction. The State has a prime responsibility to protect ment programs, expanded stocking programs and research to the ecological balance along its shores. In international waters produce higher per acre yields. beyond the three mile limit, the Federal Government should The remaining supply of hunting facilities is owned by the guard against destructive practices such as the dumping of private and quasi-public hunting clubs and groups, generally on oil and poor harvesting methods. land owned outright or leased from farmers and other large tract landowners. Large tract landowners should be encour- Campgaw Mountain aged to open their lands to public hunting because of the re- cently enacted legislation limiting their liability for accidents occurring on their property. However, the private function will probably diminish in the future as more recreation lands are acquired by the public sector. Camp ing-The fastest growing demand for any activity is for g. In assessing the public and private role in camping campin ;L facility development, consideration should be given to the I varieties of camping experiences possible, such as wilderness, group, day, and tent and trailer camping. State camping facilities are primarily family campsites accommodating tents and/or trailers. Recently, the State 95 completed development of over 100 wilderness campsites at cance-the state and federal levels and the private sector- Round Valley Reservoir. The State should continue the develop- provide interpretative facilities and programs at many sites. ment of wilderness, tent and trailer and group camping facili- But there is still a need to expand these programs particularly ties, especially as a supporting facility to hunting, hiking, boat- at the state level to handle more people at more sites and to ing and fishing. increase staffing to adequately supervise these expanded At the local level, the development of day camps will pro- programs. vide children living in urban areas with the opportunity to enjoy The need for nature interpretation is most acute in the at least a small measure of the camping experience in a natural urban centers of the State where industrial and residential setting. Most county park systems in New Jersey own land development has consumed much of the open space and there appropriate for day camps; municipal participation, however, is little opportunity for the urbanite to come in contact with generally requires the cooperation and use of nearby county nature. Nature appreciation programs should be initiated at the or state lands. local levels of government to utilize the resources at hand At present, the commercial enterprise segment of the pri- including municipal and county parks and woodlots adjoining vate sector supplies 80% of New Jersey's family campsites. schools. State facilities and programs could be used to supple- However, continued suburbanization and increasing land prices ment local efforts. threaten to diminish both existing and potential private camping areas. Methods should be devised by all levels of government to protect the role of private camping in New Jersey. The use of private lands and capital should be promoted to develop addi- tional overnight facilities near resort areas and hunting and fishing grounds. A growing number of people attracted by the high degree of mobility, comfort and inexpensive accommoda- tions offered by vacation trailers will necessitate more develop- ment by either the State or private enterprise to accommodate this increasingly popular mode of camping. Nature Interpretation- Nature interpretative facilities in the form of nature centers, trailside displays, guided and self- Hiking and Horseback Riding -Traditionally, all levels of gov- guided trails are usually developed in conjunction with undis- ernment and the private sector have provided developed trails turbed areas that may serve as "outdoor classrooms." Often for hiking and horseback riding. The state level and private such natural areas contain rare specimens of plants and repre- sector, the two primary contributors of trail mileage, combined sent unusual or uncommon biotic communities. provide 75% of the State's 3,134 miles of hiking trails and 90% Although the state and federal levels and the private sector of the 918 miles of bridle trails. The vast majority of this trail have preserved many of the finer botanical aroas in New Jer- mileage is provided in the rural sections of the State. sey, programs must be stepped up to acquire the remaining The Federal Government can be expected in the future rapidly disappearing botanical areas of interest. The State to assume a greater role in providin g trails in New Jersey. A '6 ; mA@ -I k@ should assume the burden of this responsibility because of its Construction of trails planned at the Delaware Water Gap greater flexibility to implement programs and its financial National Recreation Area and other federal recreation areas in resources. the State will dramatically increase total trail mileage provided The three jurisdictions owning areas of natural signifi- by the federal level. 96 Passage of the National Trails System Act of 1968 demon- in resort areas and recreation sites attractive to families and strated the growing concern of the Federal Government for the groups, and along the State's highways. provision of trails. The Act designated the Appalachian Trail, Major responsibility for the provision of picnicking facili- of which approximately 60 miles passes through New Jersey, ties designed for families and groups at sites close to home as one of the initial components of the national trail system and should be assumed by municipal and county governments. provided for the inclusion of other trails upon application. To The picnic areas required at sites with high tourist appeal date, two other trails in New Jersey have been added to the should be developed by all levels of government and the private system. sector. Local governments, especially in the shore regions, The private sector not only provides substantial trail mile- age in New Jersey, it also provides the most significant trail should investigate the feasibility of providing picnicking facili- system in the State. The 60 mile segment of the Appalachian ties to serve day use visitors and summer residents at a nominal Trail passing through the northwest section of New Jersey is fee to offset maintenance costs. An alternative method would maintained by the Appalachian Trail Conference, a private be to provide special incentives that would make picnic devel- organization, and much of the trail's length is located on private opment profitable enough to attract private enterprise. At state lands. recreation areas, the State should develop adequate picnicking Although hiking and horseback riding are classified as facilities to supplement other activities. The State is also re- backwoods activities, facilities for these activities may be sponsible for providing picnic sites along major highways and found within or in close proximity to every urban center in New scenic routes to expand the statewide wayside rest system. Jersey. Frequently, counties develop trail systems in their large Bicycle Trails-The recent upsurge of interest in bicycling for urban parks and reservations and, in many cases, municipali- ties provide trails primarily for hiking purposes. In fact, hiking pleasure as well as for transportation has created a tremendous clubs often include on their tours points of historic interest in need for bicycle facilities. At present, nearly all bicycling takes urban areas. place on residential streets without segregated traffic lanes, To meet the urgent need for trails, the State should play since designated bicycling facilities are virtually nonexistent. the pivotal role since its jurisdictional ability allows it to provide Because this present situation exposes the bicyclists, many of a framework for coordinating local and private interests. The whom are youngsters, to constant danger, a concerted effort by excellent opportunities for trail development presented by canal all levels of government should be made to provide safe bicycle towpaths, stream valleys, utility rights-of-way, and areas along paths along transportation routes and in open space recreation the ocean front and around large reservoirs and lakes should areas. Since the vast majority of the bicycling demand is gener- be explored by all levels of government and private interests. ated within close proximity of a person's residence, the primary Trail development should be planned and coordinated so as to responsibility for bicycle facility provisions rests with the local produce a statewide network of trails offering accessibility to levels of government. Municipalities should endeavor to estab- areas of scenic, natural, scientific and historic value throughout lish community wide bicycle path systems, possibly using street the State. systems and segregating bicycle traffic from automobile traffic by any one of a number of methods now in use throughout the Picnicking - Picnicking is essentially a group or family oriented country. In municipal, county and state recreation areas, bicy- activity. It can be sought as an activity in itself or as an accom- cle trails should be constructed where feasible from a physio- paniment to other activities: sightseeing, swimming, hiking, graphic viewpoint. Existing and future highway rights-of-way fishing, boating, and recreation travel. Because of its varied should be studied by the county and state levels of government nature, picnicking facilities are needed at sites close to home, for potential bicycle trail development. 97 Snow Skiing -Facilities for snow skiing ca h only be developed where suitable terrain and climatic conditions exist; therefore, the skiing needs of regions unsuitable for such development will have to be accommodated in the few regions possessing the A necessary conditions. The private sector operates the Majority of New Jersey's existing ski facilities and should continue as the primary sup- plier of skiing opportunities in the future. Since sites suitable for ski facility development are limited, the State should consider allowing private enterprise to develop facilities at suitable state owned sites, or develop the facilities itself using state funds. At the local level, resources such as the slopes of public golf 7 courses should be developed for the novice skier and those who desire practice areas close to home. Ice Skating- Climatic conditions determine the availability of ice skating on natural areas such as lakes, ponds, and artificial impoundments that require low air temperatures to freeze the water. In the northern regions of the State, climatic conditions permit greater use of natural ice areas than in the southern V-* regions. But since natural ice areas are not continuously avail- able,for use throughout the winter season, artificial ice skating AW_ facilities, which increase the number of days of use by utilizing refrigeration techniques to produce ice, are needed to satisfy part of the ice skating demand in all regions. Outdoor Games and Sports- Opportunities to participate in Opportunities for ice skating are most frequently sought games and sports activities such as baseball, basketball, close to home; therefore, the responsibility for providing ice football and tennis are usually sought in day use areas near to skating facilities rests primarily with local levels of government. one's place of residence. Traditionally, the local levels of gov- The municipal level should procure legal access to water ernment have developed the majority of the games and sports bodies offering ice skating conditions, develop multi-use court facilities. Municipalities have the primary responsibility for game surfaces that would permit ice skating use, and construct providing facilities within walking distance of residents, while artificial ice areas that would provide opportunities independent counties should supplement municipal areas. of weather conditions. The county level could supplement The provision of public golf facilities should be the respon- municipal facilities by developing additional artificial ice skating sibility of the county. Golf courses require extensive develop- rinks. ment of at least 130 acres, and the acquisition of such a large At present, the private sector supplies the majority of New amount of land strictly for the use of one activity is usually -Jersey's ice skating facilities. Through encouragement and beyond municipal financial capabilities. In order to maintain the assistance by all levels of government, private investment present supply of golf facilities, methods such as preferential should be stimulated to continue development of facilities for tax rates should be adopted to protect existing private golf ice skating. courses. 98 FACILITY STANDARDS world and enveloped by the stirring beauty of a landscape in its natural state is a difficult thing to measure empirically but A standard is defined as a principle or a measure estab- surely essential to the enjoyment of most outdoor recreation lished by authority for comparison and judgement. Relative to activities. outdoor recreation, it is a recognized reference point for use as Realizing the lack of unanimity concerning outdoor recrea- a guideline or a suggested goal to aim for when developing rec- tion standards, a study was made to select standards for New reation facilities or for determining the capacity of a given Jersey according to a logical set of criteria which reflected facility. It should also provide for safety, comfort and enjoyment known environmental and ecological relationships to the devel- of a given recreation activity. opment of recreation facilities. Consideration was given to New A disadvantage of many standards is that they apply only Jersey's unique situation as a compact, highly urbanized state to the specific development of recreation facilities for accom- and its present and potential opportunities for providing out- modating demand; they do not elaborate on how much total door recreation. The following criteria were used or influenced land area is needed to support and create the overall "mood" the selection of standards deemed appropriate to New Jersey's for a developed recreation facility. For example, a camping physical and socio-economic characteristics: area could be property designed according to accommodation standards, but fail to have recreation appeal if it is set within Accessibility sight of a, busy highway or clustered too near to many other Aesthetics recreation facilities. The feeling of being in the midst of the Climate outdoors, isolated by privacy and quiet from the man-made Economic Feasibility Environment Site Attraction Social Desirability of the Activity 41 Soil Structure Topography e-, Standards allowing a relatively high degree of use, but @V, not so high as to be generally uncomfortable or to deter the aesthetic appreciation were used. It should be noted, however, A that these standards are for statewide application and may not present the optimum conditions at a given site because of G" re variations from the average of the specific physical and socio- W economic characteristic factors. Several standards must be used to estimate the capacity for a given activity where the various inventories did not consistently express the number of facilities in the same terms, For example, swimming facilities 4 were expressed in terms of feet of shoreline, acres of beach, or the number of swimming pools, depending upon which _4 supply inventory was consulted, W The suggested activity standards for New Jersey are shown in Table 5. 99 TABLE 5: SUGGESTED ACTIVITY STANDARDS REGIONAL ANALYSIS FOR NEW JERSEY In analyzing New Jersey's present and future needs for Activity Recreation Standards Source more developed facilities in the twelve selected activities a regional approach was undertaken. Considering the diversity Swimming 1 person per 100 square feet of beach (435 people per acre) California Public Outdoor Recreation 2 persons per foot of shorelin Plan Committee Architectural Stan- of natural resources for recreational use throughout the State Capacitypof average pool f:cility is 555 (5,000 square feet dards and the variation in regional population densities, an analysis average oo . divided by 27 (1 swimmer per 27 sq. ft.) times 3, since 1/T of the people at pool are in the water on an average *Ramsay and Steeper on a statewide basis would be inadequate to guide recreation so 3 times pool capacity equals facility capacity). planning efforts. Because of the home oriented nature of cer- Boating I boat per number of boating berths and liveries (3 people per California Public Outdoor Recreation boat) Plan Committee tain activities and the lack of mobility of segments of the popu- I boat per 3 acres of water area (3 people per boat): power and sail boats lation, surpluses of facilities in one region do not necessarily * Ic n a per I mil of stream 0 -by-region * 1baae for water sekiing per 5 acres of star ffset deficits occurring in other regions. A region 40 boats per access unit (3 people per boat) New Jersey Department of Environmen- approach also permits a comparison of the different levels of tal Protection Fishing 5 persons per acre of lake New Jersey Department of Environmen- regional need for specific facilities to assist in establishing a 1, person per 20 feet of shoreline tal Protection development program to meet the more severe needs first. 50 people per facility The recreational needs of each study region were analyzed Camping 4 cpersons per campsite Bureau of Outdoor Recreation 4 ampsites per acre in relation to each region's natural resource limitations, the 16 people per acre character of urban development, and the effects of anticipated Icamps ite per acre of total area Including open space (Devieloped Area) development such as future highway construction and residen- Hiking 16 persons per mileof trail New Jersey Department of Environmen- tial growth. Wilderness hiking - 4 persons per mile of trail let Protection Recreational needs for the years 1970 and 1985 were de- Bicycling 18 persons per mile of trail New Jersey Department of Environmen- tal Protection termined by comparing the derived demands for these bench- Horseback 12 persons per mile of trail New Jersey Department of En@ironmen- mark years to the 1970 facility capacities. In determining the Riding tal Protection year 2000 facility needs, the assumption was made that suf- Hunting I person per 5 acres New Jersey Department of Environmen- ficient facilities will have been developed to meet the 1985 tal Protection requirements. Therefore, for each activity the 2000 facility need Picnicking 5 people per.table Soil Conservation Service 8 tables per cre was derived by comparing the 2000 activity demand to the 1985 40 p ople per acre 2 or e3 tables per acre of total area demand, assumed satisfied, or to the 1985 facility surplus. Ice Skating I pe son per 30 sq. ft. of artificial ice (1452 people per acre) New Jersey Department of Emiironmen- Jurisdictional responsibilities for the provision of additional 726 'people per acre of natural ice tal Protection facilities in terms of capacities were assigned based upon tra- Snow Skiing 30 skiers per acre of slope Bureau of Outdoor Recreation ditional roles and responsibilities, present trends and plans, Outdoor Games & Sports and financial and administrative capabilities. Since the private Playgrounds 1 person per 150 square feet Meyer & Brightbill 50 persons per average playground (7500 square feet*) @New Jersey Department of Environ- sector's user fees and membership requirements often act as mental Protection barriers to the general public, particular attention was paid to Playfields 20 persons per acre of field New Jersey Department of Environmen- this sector's role and future responsibilities. tal Protection Facility surpluses and deficits noted at the regional level Game Courts 10 persons per court New Jersey Department of EnWronmen- tal Protection do not necessarily reflect conditions at the subregional or local Golf Facilities 300 persons per I 8-hole course New Jersey Department of Environmen- levels. The availability of abundant coastal beaches within the 150 persons per 9-hole course tal Protection region does not obviate the need for local opportunities within 200 persons per Par 3 course walking distance of the people to be served. On the other hand, 100 one community may have an adequate facility supply of artifi- demand should not be placed on local levels of government cial ice skating, for example, while the region shows an overall which are concerned with resident population needs. The out deficit. Thus, the specific needs of a copmunity within a region region demand has been assigned to those jurisdictions or cannot be derived directly from aggregated regional totals. groups which are concerned with all the State's citizens wher- These summaries provide a general guide to regional conditions ever they reside-the Federal Government, the State Govern- and permit the establishment of activity priorities within a region ment and the private sector. and between regions. The assignment of this demand to other regions was de- The discussions presented in this section concerning fa- termined by climatic conditions and by the presence or absence cility deficits for the four water-based activities- swimming, of land and water resources which, although these resources boating, fishing and ice skating on natural water bodies-iden- may not yet be developed for recreational use, have the poten- tify the regional needs and the responsibilities of the various tial for fulfilling both resident and out region demand. The dis- jurisdictions to provide the required facilities. A more detailed tribution was also based on information gathered in the analysis of the unmet water-based recreation demand, the po- Recreation Travel Study indicating where people are likely to tential of each region's water resources to satisfy specific travel in New Jersey to find areas of recreation. needs, and the apparent reasons for facility deficits is pre- For 1985 and 2000 an unmet demand of 219,067 people sented in the section entitled "Water Resources: Needs, Prob- was apportioned as out region demand in eight activities. For lems and Potential." 1985 the largest apportioned needs are in swimming (60,712 people), boating (51,916 people) and snow skiing (40,700 OUT REGION DEMAND people). Five regions are the source or origin of this demand and the urbanized Northeast is the largest with 51,252 or 78% In several regions a lack of natural resources, due either of the total for the eight activities. The Central Corridor rep- to physical characteristics, location or climate of the area resents 3% of the demand in fishing and hunting and the North or the extent of urbanization and development, makes it un- Shore, South Shore and Delaware Bay regions represent the reasonable to expect these regions to provide facilities to meet remaining 19% all in snow skiing. The receiving or destination resident demand for certain activities. These activities -hunt- regions absorbing most of the out region demand are the ing, fishing, swimming and skiing, for example-require the Northwest and North Central (63%), and North Shore and presence of natural land and/or water resources or certain cli- South Shore (35%). (Refer to Table 6.) matic conditions, and are not necessarily provided close to home. Since people are willing to travel moderate distances to find these opportunities, the responsibility for providing the TABLE 6: 1985 OUT REGION DEMAND facilities must be absorbed by neighboring regions or regions with the natural resource potential to meet the "out region" Region Origin Destination demand. Northwest 41% For planning purposes it has been assumed that the State North Central - 22% of New Jersey has the resources to provide these facilities even Northeast 781/6 - though these resources are not located where the demand Central Corridor 3% 1% originates. Thus, attempts should be made to satisfy this North Shore 6% 24% demand within the State and not force residents to travel to Southwest - 1% South Shore 121/b 11% other states to find desired recreational opportunities. Delaware Bay 1% - The responsibility for providing the facilities to meet this 101 Tables 7 through 14 summarize the supply, demand and surplus or deficit of facilities for 1970, 1985 and 2000 by re- gion. These tables are based on the regional demand and re- gional facility supply. The out -region demand has been sub- tracted from the region of origin and added to the region of destination in demand and needs for 1985 and 2000. For example, in the Northeast Region it was determined that the unmet swimming demand should be satisfied partly with swimming pools close to home, but that residents would also want to swim in lakes and ponds and the ocean although the Northeast Region is severely limited or totally lacking in these resources. Therefore, 30% of the region's unmet 1985 swim- ming demand has been allocated to the Northwest (7,927 people) and North Central (5,284 people) regions and to the North Shore (10,569 people) and South Shore (2,642 people) regions. Since this deficit of 26,422 people is no longer considered the responsibility of the Northeast Region it is sub- tracted from the 1985 swimming demand of 233,200 producing R @-A_N an adjusted regional demand of 206,778 which the municipal and county governments and the private sector are responsible for meeting. The 26,422 demand has been transferred to the four regions mentioned above, added to the regional demand to NORTHWEST produce an adjusted demand total and compared with 1970 re- REGION gional supply to determine whether a surplus or deficit exists. If there is a surplus, it has been assumed that both regional and out region demand can be satisfied. If there is a deficit, re- sponsibility for providing the needed facilities is assigned to the public and private sectors, and the out region demand, which is part of the total deficit, is shown in brackets next to the jurisdiction responsible for meeting these needs. In the regional discussions which follow, the out region demand is not discussed separately from total regional demand. k@T 0 NORTHWEST REGION The Northwest Region's rugged terrain and rural character make the region one of New Jersey's most desirable recreation areas. The region's popularity as a recreation oriented zone is obvious in that the away or tourist demand for developed recre- ation facilities is twice as high as the region's home demand. 102 TABLE 7: NORTHWEST REGION -PRESENT AND FUTURE DEVELOPED RECREATIONAL FACILITY NEEDS 1970 1985 2000 Demand Supply Surplus or Deficit Demand Surplus or Deficit Jurisdictional Demand Surplus or Deficit Jurisdictional people facilitlesilpeople2 facilitiesi peop[04 peopI95 facilities6lpeople7 ResponsIbIIIty8 people facl IItIes91 people 10 Responsibility Swimming 46,800 73,186 (26,386) 65,100 (159) 92,500 37,528 Municipal -5794 +7,927 +18,214 County - 966 Permanent Pools 37 73,027 110,714 68 State - 10,294 (3086) Federal - 7615 (1029) Feet of Shoreline 24,368 18,764 Private- 12,859 (6172) Acres of Beach 9 86 Boat i ng 9,500 6,941 2,559 13,300 9,181 Municipal -318 19,400 8,470 Mun ic 1 pal - 305 +2,822 County -318 +5'192 County - 305 No. of Areas 11 85 16,122 306 State - 3744 (564) 24,592 282 State - 2,914 (474) Federal -2613 (706) Federa I - 3,033 (593) Ramps 7 21 77 Private-2188 (1552) 71 Private - 1,913 (1303) Berths 1,088 853 4,591 2,823 Water Acres 2,507 2,559 9,181 8,470 Fishing 13,400 108,561 .(95,161) 16,000 (91 t9O2) 21,000 (82,105) + 659 +5456 No. of Facilities 91 16,-659 _2&,L4_6_ Water Acres 6,373 Miles of Shoreline 88.7 Camping 4,300 12,316 8,016) 7,000 5,316) 11,300 116) Family Sites 3,079 1 Hiking 1,800 9,435 7,635) 2,900 1,146) 4.400 5,124 State - 1537 (1537) +5,389 +10,159 Private - 3587 (3587) Miles 589.7 8,289 14,559 320 Bicycling 6,600 6,600 8,300 8,300 Municipal -4980 10,700 2,400 Munici pal - 1440 County-1660 County-480 Mi les 367 461 State - 1660 133 State -480 Horseback Riding 1,100 2,477 1,377) 1,300 1,177) 1_1700 777) Miles 1 206.4 NEEEEEMEEEEEEEMMMEEWAi@ I Includes Municipal. County, State, Interstate, Federal and Private facilities. 2Total estimated capacity of 1970 facility supply. 31ndicates total number of facilities necessary to satiate unmet 1970 demand for each type of facility. 4Reprosents deficit or (surplus) of 1970 supply of facilities in terms of capacity to meet 1970 demand. 5Represents regional demand and where necessary addition of demand from other regions or subtraction of regional demand distributed to other regions to determine an adjusted regional demand. 61ndicates total nurnt@er of facilities necessary to satiate unmet 1985 adjusted demand for each type of facility, 7Represents deficit or (surplus) of 1970 supply of facilities in terms of capacity to meet 1985 adjusted demand. 8AppGrtioned shareof the facility capacity deficit which should be accommodated by the various jurisdictions within the region based upon their responsibilites and capabilities. That portion of a jurisdiction's responsibility which, as apportioned from outregion demand is shown in brackets. Below the dotted line the demand assigned to other regions is distributed to the receiving regions. (Private sector includes commercial enterprises, quasi-public organizations and private or restricted membership clubs.) 91ndicates total number of facilities necessary to satiate unmet demand for each type of facility assuming the 1985 deficit has been met. IORepresents deficit or (surplus) of supply of facilities-in terms of capacity to meet 2000 adjusted demand assuming the 1085 supply deficit has been met. 103 TABLE 7: NORTHWEST REGION (continued) 1970 1985 2000 Demand supply Surplus or Deficit Demand surplus or Def Icit Jurisdictional Demand SurPlus,6r Deficit Jurisdictional people 1f&ClIItIe911peoPla2 1faCIlItIes31peopI&4 peopI95 facllltleS6 POOP107 Responsibility8 people facilities9l people 10 Responsibility Nature Interpretive 6,700 These facilities should be developed 8,100 10,500 Facilities where ecologically significant condi- (includes trails, dis- tions exist. plays and centers) Hunting 3,400 14,406 (11,006) 3,400 (531) 4,000 944 State - 802 (744) +10475 +11,350 Private - 142 (131) Acres 72,028 Ts-:350 4,720 Picnicking 16,100 16,060 40 19,100 191 7,640 Municipal-304 27,300 11,116 Municipal -820 +4600 County - 760 +7,516 County - 2050 Acres 288 1 State - 1372 (460) 34,816 278 State - 2752 (292) Federa I - 5052 (4140) Federal -5084 (2624) Tables 908 8 528 Pr 1 vate - 152 2,223 Pri vate - 410 Ice Skating -Natural 38,200 93,449 (55,249) 55.600 (37,849) 77,900 (15,549) No. of Sites 65 Acres 69 Ice Skating --@Artificial 700 700 1,000 1,000 Municipal -200 1,400 400 Municipal -80 County - 700 County-280 Acres 5 .7 Private - 100 .3 Private-40 Snow Skiing 1,800 9,800 8,000) 2,700 12,280 State -3684 (3684) 4,400 14,520 County - 300 +19380 Private - 8596 (8596) +32@200 State -4266 (3846) 326 409 36,600 Acres 484 Private - 9954 (8974) Outdoor Games Sports 19.300 8.365 10,935 26,400 15,465 Municipal - 10825 36,900 10.500 Municipal -7350 County - 2320 County - 1575 Playgrounds 83 219 309 State - 773 210 State - 525 Private - 1547 Private - 1050 Open Playfields 110 547 773 525 Game Courts 125 1,094 1,547 1,050 Golf - 18 holes 7 146 206 140 Golf - 9 holes 5 273 387 263 Golf - Par 3 2 1 1 547 773 525 1 includes Municipal, County, State, Interstate, Federal and Private facilities. 2Total estimated capacity of 1970 facility supply. 31ndicates total number of facilities necessary to satiate unmet 1970 demand for each type of facility. 4Represents deficit or (surplus) of 1970 supply of facilities in terms of capacity to meet 1970 demand. sRepresents regional demand and where necessary addition of demand from other regions or subtraction of regional demand distributed to other regions todetermine an adjusted regional demand. 61ndicates total number of facilities necessary to satiate unmet 1985 adjusted demand for each type of facility. 7Represents deficit or (surplus) of 1970 supply of facilities in terms of capacity to meet 1985 adjusted demand. 8Apportioned shareof the facility capacity deficit which should be accommodated by the various jurisdictions within the region based upon their responsibilites and capabilities. That portion of a jurisdiction's responsibility which, as apportioned from outregion demand is shown in brackets. Below the dotted line the demand assigned to other regions is distributed to the receiving regions. (Private sector includes commercial enterprises. quasi-public o@qanlzations and private or restricted membership clubs.) 91ndicates total number of facilities necessary to satiate unmet demand for each type of facility assuming the 1985 deficit has been met. 10FIepresents deficit or (surplus) of supply of facilities in terms of capacity to meet 2000 adjusted demand assuming the 1985 supply deficit has been met. 104 is improved, the demand for recreation facilities will greatly increase. There is a need for the local level to coordinate its planning efforts in the Northwest Region with the State to preserve the Y region's unique natural character, to provide sound trans- portation and sewerage systems and other elements of regional development relating to the increase in tourism and tourist oriented accommodations, such as motels, campgrounds, and restaurants, which DWGNRA will generate. -at the At present, recreation facility needs are greatest local levels where not one of the three counties forming the Northwest Region has developed a county park system and municipal facilities are inadequate. County park systems should be established by the three counties immediately so that suitable land may be acquired at reasonable costs. As illustrated in Table 7, the greatest need in this region is for outdoor games and sports facilities. Presently, outdoor games and sports facilities are needed to accommodate an un met demand of 10,935 people. By the year 1985, the need will reach 15,465 people and by 2000, if sufficient facilities have been developed to satisfy the 1985 need, an unmet demand of 10,500 people will still remain. The majority of the games and The Northwest Region has tremendous recreation potential due sports facilities needed in 1985 and 2000 should be developed to its outstanding scenic natural features, an abundance of by the local levels of government because the responsibility for streams and lakes, the best physiographic conditions in New the provision of such facilities has traditionally rested with these Jersey for winter sports, and healthy ecosystems supporting a jurisdictions. The private sector can be expected to satisfy wide variety of wildlife. a small part of the need by developing golf courses in the region To date, however, the Northwest's nearly unlimited recrea- to complement resort developments and recreation complexes. tion potential has not been fully realized because of a lack of A critical need for bicycle trails exists due to the fact that access to the region. But the development of the Delaware at present there are no designated bicycle trails in the North- Water Gap National Recreation Area is expected to alter this west Region and there is a bicycling demand of 6,600 people. picture by requiring improvements to existing roads and con- By 1985, the need for bicycle trails will approach 8,300 people struction of new highways to accommodate the nearly four mil- and by the year 2000 this need will increase by an additional lion expected visitors to the completed recreation area. Such 2,400 people. The municipalities should provide over half of the improvements will reduce the travel time from the densely 461 miles of bicycle trails required by 1985 by developing populated regions in New Jersey to the Northwest and con- bicycle paths in municipal parks and establishing designated bi- sequently increase use of all recreation facilities in the region. cycle thoroughfares within municipal residential street systems At present, the Northwest's needs for developed recrea- which safely separate bicyclists from motorized vehicles, while tion facilities are relatively small. But as access to the region the county and state levels should provide for the remainder 105 of the needs by constructing bicycle paths in recreation areas third of this need at DWGNRA. At the local level, municipal- and along routes utilizing highway rights-of-way. ities should provide an equal share of the swimming accommo- Additional boating facilities are needed within this region dations for use by local residents. to accommodate a present unmet boating demand of 2,559 The 1970 supply of hiking and hunting facilities is adequate people which will grow to 9,181 people by 1985. Between 1985 to meet demand for these activities through 1985. By the year and 2000, the region's unmet boating demand will increase by 2000, however, demand will exceed supply by 320 miles of 8,470 people. The primary responsibility for satisfying the re- hiking trails and 4,720 acres of hunting. The State and private gion's boating demands rests with those owning substantial sector can be expected to continue to play the major role in water surface acreages: federal, state and the private sector. providing hiking trails although the Federal Government, by By 1985, there will be an unmet demand for picnicking development of the DWGNRA, may substantially increase avail- facilities in the Northwest Region of 7,640 people. This unmet able trail mileage in the Northwest Region. Hunting is largely demand will increase by 11,116 people by the year 2000. In a state responsibility and, since hunting requires large tracts of terms of facilities, 1,528 additional picnic tables will be needed undeveloped land, the State should assume major responsibility by 1985 and 3,751 tables by 2000. State and federal levels of for meeting future hunting needs, especially in the Northwest government should provide the majority of the picnic tables in which has abundant resources suitable for this type of activity. their expansive recreation areas with municipalities, counties and the private sector providing the remainder. NORTH CENTRAL REGION Although the Northwest Region has an abundance of water resources suitable for ice skating and enjoys weather condi- Possessing numerous lakes and ponds, unspoiled natural tions generally conducive to ice formation, there is a need for beauty, and varied physiographic conditions, the North Central artificial ice skating areas that will allow ice skating indepen- Region has vast potential for recreational use. But, like its dent of weather conditions. Counties should assume the great- neighboring rural Northwest Region, a lack of sufficient access est share of the responsibility for providing the aggregate sum has inhibited development and use of the region's recreation of one acre of artificial ice that will be required by 2000 to sat- resources. Since the North Central Region is on the fringe of isfy the ice skating demand of 1,400 people. intense urbanization, improvements in the transportation The existing regional supply of snow skiing facilities is system will result in dramatic increases in the use of the sufficient to meet the 1970 demand for skiing within region's recreation facilities. the Northwest Region. However, with the addition of out region Advanced planning is required at the regional level to in- demand in 1985 and 2000, the adjusted demand is greater than sure the provision of adequate recreation facilities and the pres- the 1970 supply by 12,280 people in 1985 and by 14,520 people ervation of significant natural resources during the region's in 2000. The northern regions of the State are the logical recip- future urban growth. ients of this out region demand because so few of the southern At present, as shown in Table 8, the greatest needs for this areas are suitable climatically or physiographically to satisfy region are for outdoor games and sports and bicycling facilities. this demand. Since most of this demand comes from outside The 1970 demand for outdoor games and sports in the North the region, responsibility for providing the needed facilities Central Region outstrips the existing facility capacity by 18,325 must rest with the State and private enterprise. people and by 1985 this unmet demand will reach 32,625 At present and in 1985, there appears to be no need for people. To meet the expected 2000 demand for outdoor games swimming facility development, but by 2000 there will be a need and sports opportunities, the capacity of existing facilities will for additional swimming facilities to accommodate 37,528 have to be increased by 21,100 people above the 1985 capacity people. The Federal Government should provide for nearly one requirements. Likewise, the demand for bicycling greatly 106 NORTH CENTRAL REGION exceeds the capacity of existing designated bicycle trails. The 1970 bicycle needs of 11,028 people or 613 miles of designated trails will increase by the year 2000 to 19,728 people if addi- tional facilities are not provided in the region. Most of the facilities for outdoor games and sports and bicycling to meet the region's needs should be developed by the municipalities for close-to-home opportunities. Counties share part of the local responsibility for close-to-home oportunities and therefore should supplement the municipal facilities particularly with the development of golf courses. Much of the North Central Region's potential for back- woods oriented activities has not been realized as evidenced by the present unmet demands for camping and horseback rid- ing of 4,700 and 1,421 people respectively. Facility needs for camping, the fastest growing outdoor recreation activity, will soar to 8,700 people in 1985. To meet the anticipated demand for horseback riding in the year 2000,655 miles of trails to ac- commodate 7,851 people must be developed. County park systems have been giving land acquisition priority regarding recreation development in order to purchase the most desirable areas before they are consumed by urbanization. Future county development of these lands for camping and horseback riding will satisfy a part of the region's needs for these activities. On state owned lands, there is ample opportunity to expand existing recreation facilities to satisfy a substantial part of the region's unmet demands for these backwoods oriented activities. In response to the expected growth of the recreation market for these activities, the commercial segment of the private sector should continue developing new facilities and remain the region's major supplier. Although the Norht Central is commonly referred to as the "lake region" because it possesses one of the greatest con- contrations of glacial lakes on the eastern seaboard, the region has a present unmet boating demand of 3,113 people that will grow to 30,596 by 2000 if additional facilities are not provided. The state and county levels share the public responsibility for constructing new boating facilities. The commercial segment is expected to continue its role as a major supplier of boatin accommodations by developing more boating facilities, espe- 107 cially as accompanying facilities to campgrounds and day use Existing facilities appear to be sufficient to satisfy the and resort swimming developments * present demand for snow skiing in this region. But the demand Although the existing supply of swimming facilities appears for snow skiing will outstrip existing facilities resulting in sufficient to satisfy the region's present demand and the pro- a regional unmet demand of 4,500 persons on an average peak jected 1985 demand, there is a slight need for pools in urban season weekend day in 1985 and another 5,400 in the year areas. By the year 2000, the demand for swimming is expected 2000. Since the North Central Region is one of the two regions to exceed present swimming accommodations by 28,281 in New Jersey possessing suitable physiographic conditions people. Since the provision of swimming facilities has proven for ski facility development, much of the snow skiing demand profitable for private enterprise, private capital can be ex- of the State's other regions will have to be satisfied in this re- pected to develop a significant portion of the region's future gion. Most of the region's future snow skiing needs will be sat- swimming facilities. A severe need for swimming facilities will isfied at facilities developed by private capital since this type of be experienced at the municipal level as the increase in pop- recreation development is profitable for private investment. ulation generates a home demand that outstrips the existing However, the many county parks in the region possessing suit- locally provided facilities. Municipalities are expected to able physiographic conditions for snow skiing should be devel- assume this responsibility and develop considerably more oped to satisfy the need for inexpensive day use snow skiing swimming facilities as the growth in population creates a larger opportunities. Suitable snow skiing sites on state land should tax base permitting expansion of municipal recreation programs also be developed. and facilities. The state and county levels of government can also be expected to make significant contributions to the Passaic River region's swimming facilities supply. By the year 2000, the region's unmet picnicking demand will be over 28,500 persons on an average weekend day. To siatisfy this burgeoning demand for picnicking the various F, levels of government will need to provide 5,740 additional tables. Picnicking needs generated by the region's residential population fall upon county and municipal governments, be- cause picnicking, viewed as an activity in itself, is generally sought at sites within a 15 minute drive from one's place Of residence. The picnicking needs generated by sightseers visit- ing recreation areas in the region should be accommodated by state and privately provided facilities. In the North Central Region there are no outdoor arti- ficial ice skating areas. The 1970 demand for such facilities Although sufficient hunting acreage exists in the region at is 1,100 people and will grow to 2,600 people by the year 2000 the present time, 12,060 additional acres will be required by the if the 1.8 acres of artificial ice skating areas required to meet year 2000 to satisfy the hunting desires of 2,412 people. Under the demand are not developed. Prime responsibility for the pro- the Green Acres Programs, the State should be able to acquire vision of artificial ice skating areas rests with the counties since sufficient acreage to satisfy most of the region's future hunting this jurisdiction has the ability to place the facilities close to needs. The opening of privately owned tracts to the general the population centers and the financial resources to develop public for hunting should alleviate the remaining hunting needs the facilities. of the region. 108 TABLE 8: NORTH CENTRAL REGION -PRESENT AND FUTURE DEVELOPED RECREATIONAL FACILITY NEEDS 1970 1985 2000 Demand supply Surplus or Deficit Demand Surplus or Deficit Jurisdictional Demand Surplus or Deficit Jurisdictional peop 1, facilities 11people2 facIIItIeS3 people 4 people 5 facIIltIes6 people7 Responsibility8 people facilltles9lpeoplelo Responsibility Swimming 73,500 137.361 (63,861) 105,300 (26,777) 153,500 28,281 Municipal-W5 + 5284 +12 142 County - 3228 Permanent Pools 84 _10,M 51 State - 8085 (2743) Feet of Shoreline 44,174 14,140 Private - 10.513 (4115) Acres of Beach 5.5 66 Boating 15,100 11,987 3,113 21,700 15,356 County-1943 32,200 15,240 County-2100 +5643 State - 5578 (2257) +10383 State - 5622 (1896) Areas 2 104 2i:M 512 Private -5014 (1975) 508 Pr I vate - 5148 (1659) Ramps 4 26 i28 Reservoirs -2821 (1411) 127 Reservoirs - 2370 (1185) Berths 3,750 1,038 5,119 5,080 Water Acreage 197 3,113 15,356 15,240 Fishing 20,500 46,295 (25,795) 24,800 (21,319) 33,000 (11,393) + 176 +1,902 No. of Facilities 68 @@46_76 34,902 Water Acres 320 Miles of Shoreline 144.3 Camping 6,500 11800 4,700 10.500 8,700 County - 3480 16,900 6,400 County - 2560 State - 3480 1.600 State - 2560 Family Sites 450 1,175 2,175 Private - 1740 Private - 1280 Hiking 2,900 12,067 (9.167) 5,000 (5,271) 7,900 (781) +1,796 +3 @386 MI les 737.2 6,796 11,286 Bicycling 11,100 72 11,028 14,700 14,628 Municipal - 8776 19,800 5,100 Municipal -3060 County - 2926 County - 1020 Mi les 4 613 813 State - 2926 283 State - 1020 Horseback Riding 1,900 479 1,421 2,400 6,971 Municipal-385 3,200 1,880 Municipal - 160 +4060 County - 576 +5 130 County - 240 Miles 39.9 118 '@56 498 State -1194 (810) tl3k 157 State -376 (216) Private-3816 (3240) Pr I vate - 1104 (864) I Includes Municipal, County, State, Interstate. Federal and Private facilities. 2Total estimated capacity of 1970 facility supply. 31ndicates total number of facilities necessary to satiate unmet 1970 demand for each type of facility. 4Represents deficit or (surplus) of 1970 supply of facilities in terms of capacity to meet 1970 demand. 5Represents regional demand and where necessary addition of demand from other regions or subtraction of regional demand distributed to other regions to determine an adjusted regional demand. 61ndicates total number of facilities necessary to satiate unmet 1985 adjusted demand for each type of facility. 7Represents deficit or (surplus) of 1970 supply of facilities In terms of capacity to meet 19155 adjusted demand. SApportioned share of the facility capacity deficit which should be accommodated by the various jurisdictions within the region based upon their responsibilities and capabi I ities. That portion of a jurisdiction's responsibility which was apportioned from out region demand is shown in brackets. Below the dotted line the demand assigned to other regions is distributed to the receiving regions. (Private sector includes commercial enterprises, quasi-public organizations and private or restricted membership clubs.) 91ndicates total number of facilities necessary to satiate unmet demand for each type of facility assuming the 1985 deficit has been met. "Represents deficit or (surplus) of supply of facilities in terms of capacity to meet 2000 adjusted demand assuming the 1985 supply deficit has been met. 109. TABLE 8: NORTH CENTRAL REGION (continued) 1970 1985 2000 Demand Supply Surplus or Deficit Demand Surplus or Deficit Jurisdictional Demand Surplus or Deficit Jurisdictional people IfacilitiesiIpeople2 IfaCllltl9S3 I people4 peoples facilitieS61 people7 Responsibility8 people facIIItIes9 peopletO Responsibility Nature Interpretive 10,500@ These facilities should be developed 13,100 17,600 Facilities where ecologically significant condi- (includes trails. dis- tions exist. plays and centers) Hunting 5,200 5,540 340) 5,600 1,322 State - 1031 (1010) 6,600 1,090 State -822 (72) +1 @262 Private -291 (252) +1,325 Private - 268 (18) Acres 27,699 6,862 6,610 7,952 5,450 Picnicking 25,700 23,865 1,835 33,500 13,468 Mun ic i pa I - 1445 46,300 15,230 Mun ic I pa I - 1920 +3,83 County - 3854 +6263 County -5120 Acres 484 46 37,333 337 State - 7422 (3258) 5@tU 381 State - 7717 (2065) Private - 747 (575) Private - 473 (365) Tables 901 367 2,694 3,046 Ice Skating -Natural 64.700 225,781 (161,081) 99,800 (125,981) 147,900 75,881) No. of Sites 37 Acres 277 Ice Skating -Artificial 1,100 1,100 1,800 1,800 Municipal -360 2.600 800 Municipal - 160 County - 1260 County - 560 Acres .8 1.2 Private - 180 .6 Private - 80 Snow Skiing 2,7001 4,400 1,700) 4,100 4,500 State - 675 (675) 6,700 5,400 County - 230 +4,800 Private -3825 (3825) +7600 State - 925 (420) 147 6 Acres 8,900 150 143-6 180 Private -4245 (2380) Outdoor Games & Sports 31,8DO 13,475 18,325 46,100 32,625 Municipal -22838 67,200 21,100 Municipal- 14T70 County - 4894 County - 3165 Playgrounds 89 367 653 State - 1631 422 State - 1055 Private -3262 Private -2110 Open Playfields 237 916 1,631 1,055 Game Courts 321 1,833 3,263 2.110 Golf - 18 holes 9 244 435 281 Golf - 9 holes 6 458 816 528 Golf -Par 1 8 916 1,631 1,055 'Includes Municipal, County, State. Interstate. Federal and Private facil'ities. 2Total estimated capacity of 1970 facility supply. 31ndicates total number of facilities necessary to satiate unmet 1970 demand for each type of facility. 4Represents deficit or (surplus) of 1970 supply of facilities in terms of capacity to meet 1970 demand. 5Represents regional demand and where necessary addition of demand from other regions or subtraction of regional demand distributed to other regions to determine an adjusted regional demand. 61ndicates total number of facilities necessary to satiate unmet 1985 adjusted demand for each type of facility. 7Represents deficit or (surplus) of 1970 supply of facilities in terms of capacity to meet 1985 adjusted demand. BApportioned share of the facility capacity deficit which should be accommodated by the various jurisdictions within the region based upon their responsibilities and capabilities. That portion of a jurisdiction's responsibility which was apportioned from out region demand is shown in brackets. Below the dotted line the demand assigned to other regions is distributed to the receiving regions. (Private sector includes commercial enterprises, quasi-public organizations and private or restricted membership clubs. Reservoirs are non-state, public water supply reservoirs.) 91ndicates total number of facilities necessary to satiate unmet demand for each type of facility assuming the 1985 deficit has been met. I ORepresents deficit or (surplus) of supply of facilities in terms of capacity to meet 2000 adjusted demand assuming the 1M supply deficit has been met. 110 NORTHEAST REGION The Northeast Region with nearly half (47%) of New Jersey's population within its boundaries is the State's most urbanized region and has the largest gap between the supply of developed recreation facilities and the demand for outdoor recreation opportunities of the eight study regions. For nearly all recreation activities there is a critical need for additional developed facilities, now and in the future. To satisfy this urgent need, intensive facility development will characterize this region's recreation sites in the future. Intense competition for land is likely to prevent the development of large scale state park type recreation areas and the provision for activities that require extensive land areas. Therefore, the region's populace will be forced to seek such opportunities in other regions and some of the demand for eight activities has been transferred to other regions for 1985 and 2000. As shown in Table 9, the region's greatest needs, at present, are for the home oriented activities of bicycling and playing outdoor games and sports. The unmet demand in this region for bicycling facilities amounts to 46,692 people now and is expected to jump to 62,092 people by 1985. During the fif- teen year span between 1985 and the year 2000, the region's demand for bicycling opportunities will increase by another 19,500 people. In terms of facilities, 4,533 miles of designated trails will be needed to satisfy the year 2000 bicycling demand. To offset this need for bicycling facilities, local levels of govern- ment must take advantage of every opportunity to develop new trails. Designated bicycle thoroughfares should be established within municipal street systems which safely separate bicyclists from motorized vehicle traffic. Similarly, the state and county levels should consider developing bicycle paths along routes with sufficiently wide right-of-way. At present, the demand for outdoor gmes and sports opportunities exceeds the supply of facilities by 33,715 people. By 1985, this unmet emand will soar to 94, 715 people and to 168,315 people by the year 2000. The prime responsibility for the provision of outdoor games and sports facilities rests with the municipalities and, to a lesser extent, the counties. If the local demands for outdoor games and sports facilities are to be 111 met, these jurisdictions must acquire additional recreation sites By the year 2000, without the development of additional facili- within urban centers. Such sites need not be large since many ties, the unmet demand for boating will increase to 19,204 games and sports activities require limited space. In addition to people while the fishing needs will grow to 5,900 people. The developing new recreation areas, local levels of government responsibility for developing the launching ramps, access should examine existing recreation areas to determine where points, and marinas required to satisfy the region's projected additional facilities can be built. It is likely that because of the boating needs falls upon municipal, county and state jurisdic- scarcity of land, innovative techniques such as using rooftops tions and the private sector. Since a large portion of the region's of large buildings will have to be employed to meet future projected unmet fishing demands have been assigned to other needs. Since playing outdoor games and sports is one of the regions, the majority of the region's remaining needs should be primary outdoor recreation pursuits of urban youth, a variety of met by facilities provided by local levels of government for facilities should be provided within walking distance of all urban close-to-home opportunities. (See Water Resources: Needs, residents. Problems and Potential.) Existing swimming facilities are insufficient to handle the region's present swimming demand, resulting in a current un- met demand of 9,675 people. Even after assigning 30% of its projected needs to other regions, the Northeast's unmet swim- ming demand will amount to 61,653 people by 1985 and climb to 141,663 people by the year 2000. For the most part, the region's swimming needs will be met by pool construction. The commercial, quasi-public and private sector, which supplies 72% of the existing swimming capacity in the region, can be expected to develop a substantial number of swimming pools in the form of commercial swim clubs and private country clubs. The trend toward forming municipally sponsored swim cl u bs in this region will satisfy, in part, the local needs. But swimmin 9 facilities with membership requirements or high user fees will MW"Q#MMAW not benefit the majority of the region's residents. Municipalk ties will have to provide swimming facilities free of excessive fees and membership restrictions within easy travel distance of residents. To supplement the municipal facilities, new public swimming pools should be developed in the county park A substantial portion of the Northeast Region's needs for systems. hiking and equestrian trails will, out* of necessity, be met out- Significant portions of the Northeast's projected unmet side the region. At present, the Northeast Region needs 274 demands for boating (70%) and fishing (50%) opportunities miles of hiking trails and 687 miles of bridle trails to satisfy the will have to be satisfied outside the region. Therefore, the re- unmet demands for these activities of 4,376 people and 8,248 gional facility deficits for these activities for 1985 and 2000 people, respectively. Without future facility development, the have been adjusted to reflect just the needs which can be met region's needs will increase by the year 2000 to 9,031 people within the region. The 1985 facility deficits for boating and fish- for hiking and 7,836 people for horseback riding. Within the ing will amount to 12,094 people and 500 people, respectively. region, counties must assume the major responsibility for 112 TABLE 9: NORTHEAST REGION -PRESENT AND FUTURE DEVELOPED RECREATIONAL FACILITY NEEDS 1970 1985 2000 Demand supply Surplus or Deficit Demand Surplus or Deficit Jurisdictional Demand Surplus or Deficit Jurisdictional people facilities 11people2 facil Itles3l people 4 people 5 facIIItIes6 people7 Responsibilitys people facilities9.1 People 10 Responsibility Swimming 154,800 145.125 9,675 233,200 61.653 Wnicipal-48,441 347,500 80,010 Municipal-62,865 -26.42 County-4,404 -60,712 County - 5,715 Permanent Pools 182 17 206,778 111 Private-8,808 286,788 144 Private - 11,430 Other Regions -26,422 @@,; ;1_9_icn,S_-_3_4_,2_9_0 Feet of Shoreline 20,535 4,838 30,827 NW - 7,927; NC - 5,284 40,005 NW - 10,287; NC - 6,858; NS - 10,569; SS - 2,642 NS - 13,716; SS - 3.429 Acres of Beach 7 22 141 184 Boating 32,100 9,990 22,110 50,300 12,094 Municipal - 2,016 74,000 7.110 Municipal - 1,185 -28216 County - 2,016 --_44806 County - 1. 185 2 State - 4,031 29,194 State - 2,370 Areas 5 737 403 Private - 4,031 237 Private-2,370 Regi ns Ramps 7 184 101 @W.; ; . ---2-8-,2-16 59 @Wer ons - 16,590 NW - 2,822. NC - 5,643; NW - 6,636; NC - 4,977; Berths 3,000 7,370 4,031 NS - 11,286 *, SS - 8,465 2,370 NS - 3,318; SS - 1,659 Water Acreage 22.110 1 1 12,094 7,110 Fishing 21,700 28.400 (6,700) 29,400 500 Municipal-250 40,200 5,400 Municipal -2.700 - 500 County - 200 -5900 County - 2,160 28,900 State - 50 -5 @,_66 State-540 No. of Facilities 16 10 --------------- 108 --------------- Other Regions-500 Other Regions-5,400 Water Acres 344 167 NW-200;NC-75 1.800 NW - 2,160; NC - 785 NS-225 NS - 2,455 Miles of Shoreline 85 2 20 Camping 2,000 1,400 600 3,300 1,900 County - 190 5,300 2,000 County-200 Family Sites 350 150 1 475 Private-1,710 500 Private - 1,800 Hiking 10,000 5,624 4,376 17,600 4,791 Municipal - 1,198 4.240 Munici pal - 1,060 -7,185 County - 2,395 28,200 County - 2,120 10,415 State - 599 -13545 State - 530 Mi les 351.5 274 299 Private - 599 a, 'i6 265 Private - 530 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --------------- Other Regions -7,185 Other Regions -6,360 NW - 5,389; NC - 1,796 NW - 4,770; NC - 1,590 Bicycling 46,800 108 146,692 62,200 62,092 Municipal - 52,778 81,700 19,500 Municipal - 16,575 County - 6,209 County - 975 Miles 6 2,594 3,450 State - 3,105 1,083 State - 1,950 Horseback Riding 9,100 852 8,248 1 1 0 6,186 County - 2,812 15,100 1,650 Cou nty - 750 -5 062 Private-3,374 -6412 Private - goo 516 -------- A Mi les 71 687 138 --------------- Other Regions -5.062 Other Reg Ions - 1,350 NC - 4,050; CC - 1,012 1 NC - 1,080; CC - 270 inc udes municipal. county. state. interstate, Federal am Private facilities. 2T.lal stimated capacity .1 1970 facility supply. 1,1nd icar;s total number of facilities necessary to Satiate umbet 1970 demand for each type of facility- "Represenjs deficit or (Surplus) of 1970 supply of facilities in terms of capacity to Met 1970 demand. 5Represen s regional demand am where necessary addition of derharid from other regions or subtraction Of regional demand distributed to the, regions to determine an adjusted -'4g:=.d=rL.r .1 facilities necessary to satiate unmet 1995 adjusted dernand for each type of facility. "ReIxesems deficit or (Surplus) of 1970 supply of facilities in terms of capacity to Met 1985 di.tcd demand- "Apportioned s@re of the facility capacity deficit hiCh Should be accomirrodated by the various jurisdictioris within the region based upon their responsibilities and capabilities. 'That portion ofs jurisdiction's responsibili@y, hich vsas apportioned it= out region demand is Sir- in brackets. Belov, the dotted line the demand assigned to other region. a dish,ineted to the ree, Wing reg ion . (Pria Sector includes commercial enterprises. quas -Public organiZatiOns and private or restricted membership clubs. Reservoirs are non-slate. peel @c wat: r supply ne.'ervoirs.) ,91ndi ates total number of facilities necessary to satiate unmat demand for, each type of facility assuming the 1985 deficit has been met. 113 -E ORepresents deficit @ (Surplus) of supply of facilities in terms of capacity to Met 2000 adjusted demand assuming the 1985 Supply deficit has been met. TABLE 9: NORTHEAST REGION (continued) 1970 1985 2000 Demand supply Surplus or Deficit Demand Surplus or Deficit Jurisdictional Demand Surplus or Deficit Jurisdictional people facl I Itles"I people 21 fac I IItIeS 31 peopIS4 pqopIe5 faCIIItIes6 people7 ResponsIbIIIty8 people facIIItIes9 people 10 Responsibility Nature Interpretive 23,900 These facilities should be developed 32,200 42,800 Facilities where ecologically significant condi- (includes trails, dis- tions exist. plays and centers) Hunting 10,400 181 10,219 12,800 Other Regions-12,619 13,700 Other Reg ions - goo -12619 NW - 8,833; NC - 1 262; -13 519 NW - 630; NC - 90; Acres 907 51,095 !@@81 NS - 1,262; SS - 1,@62 _!@' @11 NS-90;SS-90 Picnicking 64,800 38,795 26,005 89,900 35.773 Mun ic i pa I - 10,221 122,300 22,680 Mun ic i pa I - 6,480 - 1 @53 3 2 County-25,552 -25.052 County - 16,200 Acres 271 650 74,568 893 97,24-8- --------------- Ot her Reg i ons - 15,332 567 Other Reg! ons - 9,720 Tables 5,691 5,201 7,145 N W - 4,6 00; N C - 3,83 3; N W - 2,916; N C - 2.43 0; I I I NS - 6,133; SS - 766 4,536 f NS - 3,888; SS - 486 Ice Skating -Natural 215,800 327,326 (111,526) 331,100 3.774 Municipal - 1132 484,900 153.800 @ Municipal -46140 County - 2265 County - 92280 No. of Sites 14 6 State - 377 231 State - 15,380 Acres 435 5 212 Ice Skating - Artificial 17,200 1,888 15,312 26,500 24,612 Municipal-4922 38,800 12,300 Municipal-2460 County - 17229 County - 8610 Acres 1.1 10.6 17 Private-24651 8.5 Private - 1230 Snow Ski Ing 1,600 850 750 2,900 205 County - 206 4.600 170 County - 170 -1.845 --------------- - 3 @37 5 --------------- Acres 28 25 1,055 7 Other Reg Ions - 1,845 1,225 6 Other Reg ions - 1,530 NW - 738; N C - 1, 107 N W - 612; N C - 918 Outdoor Games & Sports 121,900 88,185 33,715 182,900 94,715 Municipal -75,772 256,500 73.600 Municipal-58880 County - 14207 County - 11040 Playgrounds 716 674 1,894 State-4736 1,472 State - 3,680 Open Playfields 1,416 1,686 4,736 3,680 Game Courts 2,014 .3,372 9,472 7.360 Golf - 18 holes 43 450 1,263 981 Golf - 9 holes 12 843 2 368 1,840 Golf - Par 3 11 1,686 4,736 3,680 ;lrcludint Wincipat. county. state, Interstate. Fed.r.1 and Private facilities. :Total "tinnated capacity Of 1970 facility supply. Indicates total number of facilities necessary to satiate unmt 1970 dernand tor each type of facility. ,Represents deficit or (surplus) of 1970 supply of facilities in term of calpacify to met 1970 dereand. R presents regional demand and where necessary addition of dereand from other regions or subtraction of regional demnd distributed to other regions to determine an adjusted d 'r@ nd -Is "'a in r of facilities necessary to satiate urniet 1935 adjusted dereand for each type of facility- 7R @grvaamd . de.. (surplus) of 1970 supply of facilities in term of capacity to met 1985 adjusted derriand. ." P.. a. the fecility capacity deficit which should be acc.-nodated by the various jurl.dictions, wi hin the region based upon their responibilities and capabilities. 'That Portion of ajurisdiction'..respon.i4ility @ich vas apportioned frT out rc@ierl dentand is shmn in brackels. Bel- (he dotted line the derns,@ assignied to other regions, is distributed to the receiving r l r ,710mS. (Private sector includes caremercia enterpr sea. quasi-public Organizations and private or restricted members 6P C ubs. Reservoir. W non'tate, public waler supp y reservoirs.) 9Indicates total number of facilities necessary to satiate unrest demand for each type of facility assuming the 1985 deficit has been mt. it'Represems deficit or (surprus) of supply .1 facilities in term of capacity to met 2000 adjusted dii-nd ass,uming the 1995 supply deficit has been mt. 114 providing hiking trails since they are the only jurisdiction which artificial ice skating areas will be required to satisfy the year administers suitable areas of sufficient size for trail develop- 2000 demand. Since opportunities to ice skate are most fre- ment. The private sector is expected to play a significant role in quently sought close to home, local levels of government will the development of, future bridle trails within the Northeast have to provide most of the future facilities. Region. However, bridle trails should also be developed in The majority of the demand for snow skiing must be met county park systems for the people who cannot afford to use outside the Northeast Region because of the lack of develop- the private sector's facilities. ment opportunities. County parks within the region with suitable A critical need exists for more picnicking facilities at the slopes, e.g., golf courses, should develop skiing facilities to municipal and county levels. Despite the provision in this provide day use opportunities within an hour's drive of the ma- region of a major portion of New Jersey's total picnicking jority of the population. capacity, the sheer number of people who reside in the region produce a need for more picnicking facilities at sites close to their homes. Faced with a present unmet demand of 26,005 people seeking to use picnicking facilities on an average peak CENTRAL CORRIDOR REGION season weekend day, 5,201 more picnic tables must be pro- vided to supplement existing county and municipal picnic The Central Corridor Region, already the State's second facilities. The responsibility for supplying adequate picnic most densely populated region, is still undergoing intense ur- facilities must, out of necessity, rest at the local level in the banization, and, as such, the most pressing need is for the region. In the future much of this demand will be absorbed by acquisition of open space recreation land before all the land less developed regions which are also able to provide related is developed or priced beyond the fiscal capabilities of local activities such as swimming and boating. governments. The region's needs for developed facilities, at The private sector is expected to be the major developer of present, are not severe for most activities but this will change new camping facilities in the Northeast Region. Close campsite in the future as the region's growing population creates an ex- spacing and the provision of few auxiliary recreation facilities panded home recreation demand. However, local and state will most likely characterize private campgrounds in the future. levels of government should continue buying land now with an For the most part, the Northeast's camping demand will be gen- eye to future development potential so as to preserve recreation erated by tourists seeking inexpensive overnight accommoda- and open space resources such as stream banks that would tions, and therefore, the private sector, contending with otherwise be lost. escalating land prices and rising property taxes, will break As with other regions, the Central Corridor shows an ur- from the traditional concept of campground development and gent need for developed bicycling facilities. (Refer to Table 10.) provide only the bare minimum of facilities in order to keep The present unmet demand for bicycling opportunities of 15,646 user fees low. However, there will be a continuing need for people will soar by the year 2000 to 30,946 people. To satisfy traditional campgrounds in the region and the counties should the need for bicycle trails, the Central Corridor's jurisdictions develop such facilities wherever possible. will have to adopt practices similar to the ones recommended In the future, ice skating demand will outstrip the capacity for other regions- provision of segregated bicycle thorough- of the region's existing supply of natural and artificial ice fares within municipal street systems and the utilization of skating areas. Over two hundred acres of water surface will be rights-of-way along state and county highways. The State's needed by the year 2000 to satisfy the region's demand for nat- responsibility should also include the development of the ural ice skating opportunities. In addition, 25.5 more acres of Delaware and Raritan Canal's 60 mile towpath for bicycling. 115 The Central Corridor Region's projected population growth is expected to lead to a high future home demand for outdoor games and sports opportunities and result in an acute need for this type of facility. At present, the region's need for outdoor games and sports facilities amounts to 5,605 people, but by the year 2000 this need will climb to 62,605 people. Opportunities to participate in outdoor games and sports are usually sought by people within a 15 minute drive from their homes and, there- fore primary responsibility for providing these facilities rests with local levels of government, particularly the municipality. Counties should supplement municipal facilities by devel- oping sports complexes offering a wide range of facilities and by developing additional golf facilities. In the future, facility needs for water-oriented activities in the Central Corridor Region will be considerable. The unmet demand for boating facilities, presently 7,211 people, will grow to over 25,000 people by the year 2000. If additional facilities are not provided for fishing, the present unmet demand of 1,795 people will increase to 4,076 in 1985 and to nearly 8,000 people by the year 2000. Although existing swimming facilities appear sufficient to accommodate the region's present demand, they will fall short of accommodating the 1985 demand by 12,901 people and the 2000 demand by 64,101 people. In order to satisfy the local boating needs, the counties and municipalities must expand existing facilities and develop new ones whereever possible. These facilities could take any one of a number of forms such as boat rentals, launching ramps and berths. Along with local development programs, the State should develop launching ramps for trailer drawn boats and access points for car-top boats along the Delaware River and provide for max- imum utilization of the Delaware and Raritan Canal. A sig- nificant portion of the Central Corridor's fishing needs will be met by the new boating facilities provided by the municipalities, counties and the State. Because the major portion of the region's swimming demand is for opportunities close to home, municipalities and counties will have to assume responsibility for providing new swimming facilities, especially in urban areas in the form of swimming pools. The Central Corridor Region, like the Northeast, shows a need for designated hiking trails and developed horseback rid- CENTRAL CORRIDOR REGION 116 TABLE 10: CENTRAL CORRIDOR REGION-PRESENT AND FUTURE DEVELOPED RECREATIONAL FACILITY NEEDS 1970 1985 2000 Demand supply Surplus or Deficit Demand Surplus or Deficit Jurisdictional Demand Surplus or Deficit Jurisdictional people facilitlesl people2 facIIItIeS3 Ipeople4 peoples facIIItIeS6 people7 Responsibility8 people facIIItIes9 peoplelO Responsibility Swimming 56,700 76,199 (19,499) 89,100 12,901 Mun ici pa I - 7,741 140,300 51,200 Municipal -30,720 County-1.935 County -7,680 Permanent Pools 98 23 State - 1,290 92 State - 5.120 Private - 1,935 Private - 7,680 Feet of Shoreline 10,252 6,451 25,600 Acres of Beach 3 30 118 Boating 11,800 4,589 7,211 19,100 14,511 Municipal - 1,451 29,800 10,700 Mun ic !pal - 1.070 County-4,353 County - 3,210 Areas 30 240 484 State - 5.805 357 State - 4,2 80 Private - 2,902 Pr ivate - 2,140 Ramps 14 60 121 89 Berths 565 2,404 4,837 3,567 Water Acreage 314 7,211 14,511 10,700 Fishing 9,400 7,605 1,795 12,700 4,076 Municipal - 1,019 18,000 4,240 Municipal - 1,060 -1 019 County - 1,019 -2,079 County - 1,060 No. of Facilities 9 36 1 0-i 1 82 State -2,038 15,921 85 State - 2.12 0 ---------------- ---------------- Water Acres 37 598 1,359 Other Regions -1,019 1,413 Other Regions - 1,060 NW-459; NC-101; NW - 477; NC - 106; M I les of Shore I i ne 25 7 15 NS-459 16 NS - 477 Camping 1,500 524 976 2,400 1,876 County - 1,125 3,900 1.500 County - 900 State - 563 State -450 Family Sites 131 244 469 Private - 188 375 Private - 150 Hiking 3,400 3,179 221 6,400 3,221 Municipal -805 10,900 4,500 Municipal - 1.125 County-1,127 County - 1,575 Miles 198.7 14 201 State - 1,289 281 State - 1,800 Bicycling 15,700 54 15,646 22,100 22,046 Municipal -13,228 31,000 8,900 Municipal -5,340 County-4,409 County - 1,780 Miles 3 869 1,225 State -4,409 494 State - 1,780 Horseback Riding 3,000 852 2,148 4,300 4,46o County - 1,207 5,700 1,670 County-490 +1,012 State - 1,115 (253) +1 282 State - 418 (68) Miles 7 179 5,312 372 Private - 2,138 (759) 6,M-T 139 Private - 762 (202) lincludes Municipal, County, State, Interstate, Federal and Private facilities. 2Total estimated capacity of 1970 fac i I Ity supp ly. 3 i nd icates lots I number of fac I I It ies necessary t o sat I ate unmet 1 97o demand f or each type of f ac I I ity. 4Re presents def ic 1 t or (surp I us) of 1970 su pp ly of f ac: 11 i t I es I n terms of capac: ity to meet 1970 demand. SRepresents regional demand and where necessary addition of demand from other regions or subtraction of regional demand distributed to other regions todetermine an adjusted regional demand. 61ndicates total number of facilities necessary to satiate unmet 1985 adjusted demand for each type of facility. 7Represents; deficit or (surplus) of 1970 supply of facilities in terms of capacity to meet 1985 adjusted demand. BApportioned share of the facility capacity deficit which should be accommodated by the various jurisdictions within the region based upon their responsibilities and capabilities. That rtion of a jurisdiction's responsibility which, as apportioned from out region demand is shown in brackets. Below the dotted line the demand assigned to other regions is distriguted to the receiving regions. (Private sector includes commercial enterprises, quasi-public organizations and private or restricted membership clubs.) 91ndicates total number of facl lities,necessary to satiate unmet demand for each type of facility assuming the 1985 deficit has been met. IORepresents deficit or (surplus) of supply of facilities in terms of capacity to meet 2000 adjusted demand assuming the 1985 supply deficit has been met. 117 TABLE 10: CENTRALCORRIDOR REGION (continued) 1970 11985 2000 Demand supply Surplus or Deficit Demand Surplus or Deficit Jurisdictional Demand Surplus or Deficit Jurisdictional people facilities I 1peopI92 IfaCllltleS3.lpeople4 peoples facIIItIes6 people 7 Responsibilitys people facilitles9i peopielO Responsibility Nature Interpretive 8,600 hese facilities should be developed 12,100 17,100 Facilities where ecologically significant cond11 (includes trails, dis- tions exist. plays and centers) I Hunting 3,800 207 3,593 4,900 1,408 State - 1, 173 5,600 210 State - 175 -3,285 Pr i vate - 235 -3,775 Fir 1 vate - 35 --- --- ---- ----------------- 1,615 bi@er Fii6ions--3,285 1,825 Other Regions -490 Acres 1,034 17,965 7,040 NW - 1,642; NS - 329; 1,050 NW - 245; NS - 49; SW - 821: SS - 493 SW - 122; SS - 74 Picnicking 23,000 42,280 19,480) 33,400 9,080' 48,500 6,020 Municipal -1,240 County - 3,010 Acres 842 151 State - 1,806 Tables 1,760 1,204 , ice Skating -Natural 71,700 225,491 (153,791) 116,900 (108,591 183,100 (42,391) No. of Sites 5 Acres 306 Ice Skating -Artificial 6,700 5,700 9,400 9,400 Municipal - 1,880 14,700 5.300 Municipal - 1,060 County -6,580 County - 3.710 Acres 3.9@ 6.5 Private - 940 3.7 Private - 530 Snow Skiing 900 1,225 325) 1,500 275 County - 275 2,500 1,000 County - 1,000 Acres 41 9 33 Outdoor Games & Sports 41,000 35,495 5,605 65,100 29,605 Munlcl pal -20,724 98,100 33,000 Municipal -23,100 County-4,441 County - 4,950 Playgrounds 291 112 592 State - 1,480 660 State - 1,650 Private - 2,960 Fir i vate - 3,300 Open Playfields 623 280 1,480 1,650 Game Courts 707 561 2,961 3,300 Golf - 18 holes 17 75 395 440 Golf -9 holes 3 140 740 825 Golf -Par 3 1 280 1,480 1,650 lincludes fulunicipal, County. State, Interstate. Federal and Rivate facilities. 2T 31 Ztat estimated capacity of 1970 facility Supply. cates total number of facilities necessary to set late umnet 1970 demand for each type of facility. i'Reprasards deficit Or (-pl.) of 1970 supply .1 facilities in terms of capacity to meet 1970 demand. 5Represents regional demand and where necessary addition Of demand from Other regions oi@ subtraction of regional demand distributed to Other regions to determine an adjusted 43:=.df-.=1n_.1 .1 Iticililes necessary to satiate umnin ISM Vilsted demand for each type of facility- 7Repre-nts deficit M (Surplus) Of 1970 supply of facilities in terms o capa@fty to meet ism adjusted demand. Zzwtiowd share of the facility capWily deficit which Should be accommodated by the various jurisdictions within the region based upon their responsibilities and capabilities. That portion of ailaisdictiorl's responsibility which was apport from cgare i.@ deman is shown in trackels. E3eloi,v the dotted line the demand assigned to other I.T.M. 1. a p@ distributed to the receiving regions. (f,ri@te Sector includes c=rcial r es. quaadi-public organi2ations and private ol, restricted merd-ship clubs. Reservoirs 0 nZ,@late. public water supply reservoirs.) cale. total number of facilities necessary to satiate unmet demand for each type of facility assuming the 19115 deficit has been het. 1ORIpasents deficit ai, (suiriplue) of supply of facilities in terms of capacity to meet 2000adjusted demand assuminf; the 1985 Supply deficit has been met. 118 ing trails. To satisfy the year 2000 demands for hiking and L horseback riding opportunities, 482 milmees of hiking trails and 511 miles of bridle trails must be developed. The county and municipal levels should be able to develop a large share of the hiking trail mileage on lands purchased under future acquisi- tion programs. But the State should also play a significant role in providing hiking opportunities by developing the Delaware and Raritan Canal's towpath for hiking and constructing new trails in state recreation areas for a semi-wilderness type of hiking experience. Because horseback riding facilities can be a /T profitable venture, the private sector is expected to develop substantial bridle trail mileage in the future to capitalize on the region's growing unmet horseback riding demand. At present, 244 family campsites are needed to accommo- date the region's unmet camping demand of 976 people. By the year 2000, the region's camping needs will have increased to 3,376 people requiring the development of 844 campsites. As Wd with hiking and horseback riding facilities, counties should de- I velop most of the region's future camping facilities in existing and planned county parks. At the state level the expansion of existing campgrounds should be considered and the devel- opment of new campgrounds at existing and proposed recrea- government will still have to acquire 8,090 additional acres tion areas should be planned. of hunting lands to satisfy the demands of 1,618 people. Existing facilities are sufficient to satisfy the region's pres- Although the present and future demand for natural ice ent and 1985 demand for picnicking. But by the year 2000, the skating opportunities in the Central Corridor Region can be ac- demand for picnicking opportunities will outstrip existing facil- commodated by the existing supply of natural ice skating areas, ities resulting in a regional deficit of 1,204 picnic tables. The there is a critical need in the region for artificial ice skating majority of the region's future picnicking facilities should be areas to provide ice skating continuously during the winter developed by the municipal and county levels since picnicking season. The region's present unmet demand for artificial ice opportunities are most sought close to one's place of residence. skating areas of 5,700 people will grow to 14,700, people by the The remainder of the region's picnicking needs should be year 2000. Most of the 10.2 acres of artificial ice skating areas accommodated at state recreation areas. required to meet the 2000 demand should be provided by the Since the Central Corridor's urban growth is rapidly con- counties since they have greater financial resources than the suming extensive tracts of land, it is highly unlikely that a sig- municipalities. nificant portion of the present and future demand for hunting Since the Central Corridor's future needs for snow skiing will be satisfied within the region. To meet the region's present facilities are expected to be slight, 1,275 people by the year unmet hunting demand of 3,593 people, 17,965 additional acres 2000, the county level should be able to satisfy the region's of land are required. By the year 2000, even after transferring needs by developing limited facilities on slopes within existing the hunting needs of 3,775 people, the region's various levels of park systems and newly acquired county recreation areas. 119 -EX SSAIC NORTH SHORE REGION W@N RG N K. S-- H.I-s@ The North Shore Region's long and well developed shore- line is extremely popular with tourists seeking water-oriented wp! recreation opportunities during the summer months. Still pre- dominantly rural in character except along the coastline, the North Shore Region is beginning to experience rapid suburban @-TIC V growth resulting from the outward expansion of the New York c-_ metropolitan area. By the turn ofthe century, the residential Region is expected to reach over population of the North Shore Ath,4k one million people. The development of recreation facilities in this region must be planned in light of its growing residential KY F"K needs and proven tourist popularity. Advanced planning is ur- _P gently needed in order to guide future development into a patter b, n compatible with the region's long term investment in t@p.' I i X recreation. Through planning, which recognizes environmen- s L11 tally critical areas, water pollution problems can be prevented and even corrected and a balance between developed lands and open space lands that serve as natural habitats for the - - ------ region's fish and wildlife resources can be achieved. -p@ tWP: U&.w..d 'd' Swimming, fishing and boating comprise the North Shore's WPI major recreation attractions. (Refer to Table 11.) The region's existing supplies of swimming and fishing appear adequate to DO- Lk. accommodate its present and future demands for these activi- ties. Even though the North Shore's present boating demands are being met be existing facilities, significant unmet boating G demands of 9,336 people and 29,680 people are projected for T_ the years 1985 and 2000, respectively. The private sector, already the region's major supplier of boating accommodations, can be expected to develop a substantial number of boating berths in the future that will satisfy much of the North Shore's needs. In order to meet the region's total future boating needs, L_.y all levels of government must develop more boating facilities, NORTH primarily in the form of access points for car-top boats and SHORE launching ramps for trailer drawn boats to complement the pri- REGION vate sector's supply of facilities. ---- --- There is an acute shortage of picnicking facilities in the u.ii _P? North Shore Region resulting in an unmet demand of 39,885 people on an average weekend day during the peak season. This need will soar to 88,206 people by the year 2000. In terms 120 TABLE 11: NORTH SHORE REGION - PRESENT AND FUTURE DEVELOPED RECREATIONAL FACILITY NEEDS 1970 1985 2000 Demand Supply Surplus or Deficit Demand Surplus or Deficit Jurisdictional Demand Surplus or Deficit Jurisdictional people facilitiesi people2 facIIItIes31peopIe4 people5 facilities 6 people7 Responsibility8 people facl litles9l people' 0 Responsibility Swimming 145,500 342,479 1196,979) 206,800 (125,110) 298,100 (20,0094) +10.56 +24,285 Permanent Pools 72 217,369 322,385 Feet of Shoreline 142,777 Acres of Beach 39 Boating 29,800 44,350 (14,550) 42.406 9,336 State-2,801 (2,801) 62,600 29,680 Municipal-4,562 +11,286 Private - 6,535 (6,535) +20,766 County - 1,825 Areas 15 53,686 311 83,366 989 State - 7,079 (2844) Ramps 33 78 247 Private - 16,214 (6636) Berths 12,498 3.112 9,893 Water Acreage 2,446 9,336 29,680 Fishing 42,100 91,279 (49,179) 50,700 (39,895) 67,000 (18,258) + 684 +6,021 No. of Facilities 86 51,384 73,021 Water Acres 2,613 Miles of Shoreline 181 Camping 13,600 1,584 12,016 22,100 20,516 County - 10,258 35,500 13,400 County - 6,700 State - 2,052 State - 1,340 Family Sites 396 3,004 5,129 Private - 8,206 3,350 Private - 5,360 Hiking 5,500 5,082 418 9,400 4,318 Municipal - 864 14.500 5,100 Municipal - 1,020 County - 1,943 County - 2,295 Miles 1 317.6 26 270 State - 1,511 319 State-1,785 Bicycling 20,300 108 20,192 26,700 26,592 Municipal - 15,955 35,400 8,700 Municipal - 5,220 County - 7,978 County - 2,610 Mi les 6 1,122 1,477 State - 2,659 483 State - 870 H orsebac k R id i ng 3,400 1,278 2,122 4,300 3,028 Municipal - 303 5,700 1,400 Municipal - 140 County - 1.514 County - 700 Mi les 106.51 177 252 State - 303 117 State - 140 Private - 908 Private - 420 Includes Municipal, County, State, Interstate, Federal and Private facilities. 2Total estimated capacity of 1970 facility supply. 31ndicates total number of facilities necessary to satiate unmet 1970 demand for each type of facility. 4Represents deficit or (surplus) of 1970 supply of facilities in terms of capacity to meet 1970 demand. 5Represents regional demand and where necessary addition of demand from other regions or subtraction of regional demand distributed to other regions todetermine an adjusted regional demand. 61ndicates total number of facilities necessary to satiate unmet 1985 adjusted demand for each type of facility. 7Represents deficit or (surplus) of 1970 supply of facilities in terms of capacity to meet 1985 adjusted demand. 8Apportioned share of the facility capacity deficit which should be accommodated by the various jurisdictions within the region based upon their responsibilities and capabilities. That portion of a jurisdiction's responsibility which was apportioned from out region demand is shown in brackets. Below the dotted line the demand assigned to other regions is distributed to the receiving regions. (Private sector includes commercial enterprises, quasi-public organizations and private or restricted membership clubs. Reservoirs are non-state, public water supply reservoirs.) 91ndicates total number of facilities necessary to satiate unmet demand for each type of facility assuming the 1985 deficit has been met. I ORepresents deficit o r (surplus) of supply of facili ties in terms of capacity to meet 2000 adjusted demand assuming the 1985 supply deficit has been met. 121 TABLE 11: NORTH SHORE REGION (continued) 1970 1985 2000 Demand Supply Surplus or Deficit Demand surplus or Deficit Jurisdictional Demand Surplus or Deficit Jurisdictional people facilities I 1people2 facilities3ipeople4 people5 facilities6 people7 Responsibility 8 people facIIItIes9 people 10 Responsibility --L-- Nature Interpretive 20,700 These facilities should be developed 25,700 34.000 Facilities where ecologically significant condi- (includes trails, dis- tions exist. plays and centers) I I I Hunting 10,400 8,707 1.693 10,800 3,684 State -2,998 (1114) 12,800 2,139 State - 1,897 (97) +1,591 Pr I vate - 686 (477) +1,730 Private -242 (42) Acres 43,537 8,465 12,391 1@ 18,420 14,530 10,695 Picnicking 50,100 10,215 39,885 64,600 60,518 Municipal - 10,877 88,400 27,688 Munic i pa I - 4,760 +6133 County - 21,754 +10021 County - 9,520 100 997 J_ Acres 7 67, @i 1,513 State - 23,287 (4293) VM_i 692 State - 10,492 (2722) Tables 1 1,243 7,977 1 12,104 Private - 4,600 (1840) 5,538 Private -2,916 (1166) Ice Skating -Natural 85,800 110,134 (24,334) 131,600 21,466 Municipal - 10,733 190,700 59,100 Mun ic i pa I - 29,550 County - 8,586 County-23,640 No. of Sites 16 32 State - 2,147 89 State - 5.910 Acres 137 30 81 Ice Skating -Artificial 6,900 6,900 10,500 10,500 Municipal-2.100 15,200 4,700 Municipal-940 County-7,350 County-3,290 Acres 4.8 7.2 Pr i vate - 1 050 3.2 Fir I vate - 470 Snow Skiing 5,700 550 5,150 8,700 815 County - 815 13,800 510 County - 150 -7,335 --------------- - 11,925 ------------------ Acres 18 172 1,365 27 Other Regions-7,335 1,875 17 Other Regions -4,590 NW - 5,868; NC - 1,467 NW-3,672; NC-918 Outdoor Games & Sports 59,000 16,025 42,975 84,600 68,575 Municipal -48,003 121,500 36,900 Municipal -25,830 County - 10,286 County -5,535 Playgrounds 124 860 1,372 State - 3,42 9 738 State -1,845 Open Playfields 279 2,149 3,429 Private - 6,857 1,845 Private -3,690 Game Courts 279 4,298 6,858 3,690 Golf - 18 holes 17 573 914 492 Golf - 9 holes 3 1,074 1,714 923 Golf - Par 3 3 2,149 3,429 1,845 ;Includes Municipal. County. State, interstate, Federal and Private facilities. ,T-t-I asulinated capacity of 1970 facility supply. 41haticates total number of fecilili@s necessary to Satiate mmt 1970 demand far each type Of facility- ,R:p ... ntS deficit or (surplus) of 1970 Supply of facilities in term of capacity to met 1970 demard. R presents regicral den,and and where necessary addition of demand from Other regimas a, subtraction of regional dernerial distributed to other regloos to determine an adjusted ,reg!on,tI demand. .1ndscates total nume, .1 facilities necessary to Satiate unnet I9a5 adjusted dernand fair each type of facility. ,R presents deficit or (Surplus) of 1970 supply of facilities in term Of capacity to met 1985 adjusted demnd. A;p.oned Share of the facility capacity deficit hich should be acconvuadated by the various jurisdictions, Within the region based pan their responsibilities and capabilities. That portion at a jurisdIctim's,resporlsiqility hich vais apportioned from out region deriamd is shav, I, braclo,ts. Folov, the dotted line the ad nd assigned to -the, regims is distributed to he rec, i Ing reg oos. (Private Sector includes comorarcial enterprises. quasi-public orgwizat jonS and private or restricted mr=ship clubs .Reservoirs are nori,stale, pub;ic vrat@e,`Supply reservoirs.) 9indicates total number of facilities necessary to satiate unnet demand for each type of facility assuming the 1985 deficit has been olat. toFtepresents deficit or (Surplus) of supply of facilities in term of capacity to met 2000 adjusted demand assuming the 19115 supply def, it has been roat. 122 of facilities, 7,977 picnic tables are required to meet the present accommodations within easy commuting distance of the coast- picnicking demand and 9,665 more tables will be required to line, far outstrips the capacity of existing facilities. The North satisfy picnicking demand in the year 2000. Since picnicking Shore's present unmet camping demand of 12,016 people will opportunities are commonly sought in accompaniment to other climb to 33,916 people by the year 2000. Although private cap- activities, there is a critical need for supplementary picnic ital can be expected to develop a substantial portion of the tables at state recreation areas and at other swimming or fish- 8,479 campsites required by the year 2000, the counties and ing areas open to the general public. In addition, wayside picnic State must develop additional facilities to serve the needs of areas along major routes are needed. The provision of these those desiring backwoods camping experiences. areas should be primarily a state responsibility. In the interior The North Shore Region lacks sufficient facilities to of the North Shore Region, municipalities and counties should accommodate present and future demands for backwoods provide picnic facilities to accommodate the local demand. types of activities including hiking, horseback riding, and hunting. To satisfy the anticipated demands for these activities at the turn of the century, 589 miles of hiking trails must be developed, 369 miles of bridle trails must be constructed, and 29,115 acres of land must be opened for hunting, State and county levels should develop the majority of these facilities since they administer the extensive tracts of land these facilities since they administer the extensive tracts of land these mom activities require. Responding to the profitable market for horseback riding opportunities, the commercial sector is ex pected to develop a substantial portion of the bridle trail mile- age. Though the North Shore's present demand for natural ice skating opportunities is being met by existing facilities, there There are marked deficiencies in developed recreation will be a significant unmet natural ice skating demand of 80,566 facilities for bicycling and playing outdoor games and sports in people by the turn of the century. The responsibility for provid- the North Shore Region. The present unmet demand for bicy- ing the 111 acres of natural ice areas needed by the year 2000 cling opportunities of 20,192 people will grow to 35,292 by the near the region's population centers rests primarily with the year 2000 while the regional need for outdoor games and sports local levels of government. In addition to the need for natural facilities, presently 42,975 people, will soar to 105,475 people ice skating areas, there is also a need for the development of by the turn of the century. Since tourists visiting the shore artificial ice skating areas to provide ice skating opportunities resort areas generate much of the region's demand for these continuously throughout the winter season. The 10.4 acres of activities, a major portion of the facilities should be developed artificial ice skating areas required to meet the expected 1985 within the coastal zone by the municipalities. But the growing and 2000 demand should be developed almost entirely by the population of the interior of the North Shore Region will require counties and municipalities. municipal and county levels to provide bicycle trails and out- For the most part, the North Shore's present and future door games and sports facilities to satisfy local needs. needs for snow skiing facilities will be satisfied in other regions The region's present camping demand, the major portion possessing the physiographic conditions suitable for such de- of which is generated by tourists seeking reasonable overnight velopments. 123 SOUTHWEST REGION season. Public development of game courts, sports fields, playgrounds and golf facilities and private development of golf The Southwest Region's pattern of development is marked courses are needed to meet the region's present unmet de- by extremes -intense urbanization in the western section along mand of 11,925 people for outdoor sports opportunities the Delaware River and sparse settlement of pine lands in the At present, the Southwest Region is faced with a slight un- eastern section. Outward growth from the region's urban met boating demand of 2,686 people that will grow consider- centers is resulting in rapid suburbanization of the zone border- ably by the year 2000 to over 20,000 people. The State should ing the Southwest's densely populated strip. In planning for rec- satisfy part of the region's boating needs by providing access reation facility development in the Southwest Region, consider- to the Delaware River for car-top and trail-drawn boats and ation must be given to the area's emerging development to the numerous streams traversing state land in the region's pattern. The need for recreation facilities exists in the urban areas and to a lesser degree in the growing suburbs. The region's present and future recreation needs, as shown in Table 12, are greatest for the home oriented activities of bicycling, picnicking and playing outdoor games and sports. Because opportunities to participate in these activities are most sought close to one's place of residence, the burden of respon- sibility for providing facilities to satisfy these needs falls upon the local jurisdictions. To satisfy the region's present unmet de- mand for bicycling, facilities in the form of bicycle thorough- fares and trails must be developed to accommodate 14,082 people. Over 2,400 picnic tables must be provided to accom- modate the region's present unmet picnicking demand of 12,035 people on an average weekend day during the peak SOUTHWEST REGION 124 TABLE 12: SOUTHWEST REGION - PRESENT AND FUTURE DEVELOPED RECREATIONAL FACILITY NEEDS 1970 1985 2000 Demand Supply Surplus or Deficit Demand Surplus or Deficit Jurisdictional Demand Surplus or Deficit Jurisdictional people fac I I I ties Ipeople 2 faC I I it jeS 31people4 peoples facllitleS6 people 7 Responsibilitys people facllitles9 people 10 Responsibility Swimming 53,300 109,725 (56,425) 85,000 (24,396) 134,800 25,526 Municipal - 12,538 +329 + 451 County - 3,761 Permanent Pools 69 85,329 T3-5.251 46 State - 4,167 (110) Private - 5.060 (12) Feet of Shoreline 35,280 12,763 Acres of Beach 2 59 Boating 11,000 8,314 2,686 18,200 9,886 Municipal - 989 28t6OO 10,400 Municipal - 1,040 County - 1,977 County - 2,080 Areas 16 90 330 State - 3,460 347 State - 3,640 Private - 3,460 Private - 3,640 Ramps 1 22 82 87 Berths 2,555 895 3,295 3,467 Water Acreage 49 2,686 1 1 9,886 10,400 Fishing 9,300 42,023 (32.723) 12,700 (29,323) 18,100 (23,923) No. of Facilities 40 Water Acres 37 Miles of Shoreline 1,495 Camping 1,700 1,968 268) 2,800 832 County - 333 41500 1,700 County - 680 State - 291 State - 595 Family Sites 492 208 Private - 208 425 Private - 425 Hiking 3,100 9.803 6,703) 5,900 3,903) 10,200 397 Municipal - 40 County - 258 Miles 612.7 25 State - 99 Bicycling 14,100 18 14,082 20,300 20,282 Municipal - 12,170 29,000 8t718 Municipal - 5,230 County - 4,056 County - 1.744 Mi les 1 782 1,127 State - 4,056 484 State - 1,744 Horseback Riding 2,700 2,316 38@ 3,900 1,584 Municipal - 79 5,200 1,300 Municipal - 65 County - 950 County - 780 Miles 193 32 132 State - 238 108 State - 195 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Private - 317 Private - 260 lincludes Municipal, County, State, Interstate, Federal and Private facilities. 2Total estimated capacity of 1970 facility supply. 31ndicates total number of facilities necessary to satiate unmet 1970 demand for each type of facility. 4Represents deficit or (surplus) of 1970 supply of facilities in terrns of capacity to meet 1970 demand. sRepresents regional demand and where necessary addition of demand -from other regions or subtraction of regional demand distributed to other regions to determine an adjusted regional demand. 61ndicates total number of facilities necessary to satiate unmet 1985 adjusted demand for each type of facility. 7Represents deficit or (surplus) of 1970 supply of facilities in terms of capacity to meet 1985 adjusted demand. 8Apportioned share of the facility capacity deficit which should be accommodated by the various jurisdictions within the region based upon their responsibilities and capabilities. That portion of a jurisdiction's responsibility which was apportioned from out region demand is shown in brackets. Below the dotted line the demand assigned to other regions is distributed to the receiving regions. (Private sector includes commercial enterprises, quasi-public organizations and private or restricted membership clubs. Reservoirs are non-state, public water supply reservoirs.) 91ndicates total number of facilities necessary to satiate unmet demand for each type of taci lity assuming the 1985 deficit has been met. I ORepresents deficit or (surplus) of supply of facilities in terms of capacity to meet 2000 adjusted demand assuming the 1985 supply deficit has been met. 125 TABLE 12: SOUTHWEST REGION (continued) 1970 1985 2000 Demand supply Surplus or Deficit Demand Surplus or Deficit Jurisdictional Demand Surplus or Defibit Jurisdictional people facilltlesllpeopIG2 @ficllitleS31peop]10 peoples facIIItIes6 people7 ResponsibilityB people facl I Itles 9 people 10 Responsibility Nature Interpretive 8,100 These facilities should be developed 11,500 16,400 Facilities where ecologically significant condi- (includes trails, dis- tions exist. plays and centers) Hunting 3,600 13,168 9,568) 4,600 7,747) 5,400 6,825) +821 +943 Acres 6s,a38 5.421 6,343 Picnicking 21,400 9,365 12,035 31,500 22,135 Municipal - 5,534 46,200 14,700 Municipal-6,615 County - 11,067 County - 7,350 Acres 195 301 553 State - 5,534 368 State - 735 Tables 313 2,407 4,427 2 ,940 Ice Skating -Natural 26,900 945.701 (918,801) 45,100 (900,601) 71,600 (874.101) No. of Sites 17 Acres 1,287 Ice Skating-Artif icial 8,700 8,700 14,600 14,600 Municipal - 2,920 23.200 8,600 Municipal-1,720 County - 10,220 County - 6,020 Acres 6 10 Pr i vate - 1,460 5.9 Private - 860 Snow Ski ing 3,500 2,600) 1.500 1,100) 2,600 +900 +900 Acres 900 117 2,400 3,500 Outdoor Games & Sports 97,100 25,175 11,925 60,200 35,025 Mun I c 1 pa I - 24,518 91,800 31,600 Municipal -22.120 County-5,253 County-4,740 Playgrounds 190 239 701 State - 1,751 632 State - 1,580 Pr ivate -3,503 Private -3,160 Open Playfields 455 596 1,751 1,580 Game Courts 480 1,193 3,503 3,160 Golf - 18 holes 17 159 467 421 Golf - 9 holes 6 298 876 790 Golf - Par 3 13 596 1,751 1.580 lincludes Municipal. County, State, Interstate, Federal and Private facilities. 2Total estimated capacity of 1970 facility supply. 31ndicates total number of facilities necessaryto satiate unmet 1970demand for each type of facility. 4Represents deficit or (surplus) of 1970 supply of facilities in terms of capacity to meet 1970 demand. SRepresents regional demand and where necessary addition of demand from other regions or subtraction of regional demand distributed to other regions to determine an adjusted regional demand. 61ndicates total number of facilities necessary to satiate unmet 1985 adjusted demand for each type of facility. 7Represents deficit or (surplus) of 1970 supply of facilities in terms of capacity to meet 1985 adjusted demand. 8Apportioned shareof the facility capacity deficit which should be accommodated by the various jurisdictions within the region based upon their responsibilites and capabilities. That portion of a jurisdiction's responsibility which as apportioned from out region demand is shown in brackets. Below the dotted line the demand assigned to other regions is distributed to the receiving regions. (Private sector includes commercial enterprises, quasi-public organizations and private or restricted membership clubs.) 91ndicates total number of facilities necessary to satiate unmet demand for each type of facility assuming the 1986 deficit has been met. I ORepresents deficit or (surplus) of supply of facilities in terms of capacity to meet 2000 adjusted demand assuming the 1985 supply deficit has been met. 126 Pine Barrens. The remainder of the region's boating needs are The Southwest Region, like the other planning regions, related to the local demand for facilities, particularly in urban shows a need for artificial ice skating facilities. To meet the areas along the Delaware River. The private sector can be region's present unmet demand of 8,700 people, 6 acres of expected to continue its role as the region's major supplier of artificial ice skating facilities must be developed. By the boating accommodations but municipalities and counties turn of the century, 10 more acres of artificial ice skating sur- should develop facilities for general public use to take full face will be required to meet the expected increase in ice skat- advantage of the region's boating potential. ing demand. Local levels of government should develop the The Southwest's existing supply of swimming facilities majority of the region's future artificial ice skating areas since appears sufficient to accommodate the region's present de- ice skating opportunities are most often sought close to home. mand. But by the year 2000, the region's existing swimming fa- Extensive tracts of state owned pine lands in the South- cilities will be unable to accommodate 25,526 people who west Region provide sufficient opportunities to satisfy the re- desire swimming opportunities within the region on an average gion's present and future hunting demands and offer develop- weekend day during the peak season. Much of the region's ment potential to satisfy much of the region's future hiking, future swimming needs will occur in urban centers and there- horseback riding, and camping needs. To meet local demands fore the majority of the Southwest's future swimming facilities, for hiking and horseback riding, local jurisdictions, especially primarily in the form of pools, should be developed by local the counties, should develop suitable facilities. Counties and, jurisdictions to complement the high proportion of privately the private sector are expected to supplement state provided provided pools. camping facilities in the region. SOUTH SHORE REGION The South Shore's advantageous combination of abundant W natural recreation resources and accessibility to population centers in New Jersey and neighboring states has made it one of the most popular tourist areas in the State. As a result of the sizable away demand generated by tourists for the South 6 Shore's renowned recreation opportunities, there is a need for developed recreation facilities for most activities. Proper planning is needed to guide the increasing devel- r 'W 11 opment accompanying the South Shore's growing summer and year-round population into a pattern compatible with the re- gion's natural features. The threat posed by residential devel- opment is most critical along the region's coastline where the wetlands, which serve as feeding and breeding grounds for a wide array of fish and wildlife, face reduction and degradation resulting from expansion of resort communities. To counter impending disruption of this valuable natural asset, the State Legislature passed the "Wetlands Act of 1970" giving the De- partment of Environmental Protection power to regulate future development of lands defined as "wetland. 127 SOUTH SHORE REGION _T 8 A I 999 The South Shore contains more public recreation land than any other region in the State. Most of the public recreation land CIT LANTIC under federal and state jurisdiction is administered for conser- vation and wildlife management purposes, and, therefore, the demand for hunting is fully satisfied by the availability of these areas. The interior public pinelands holdings, which comprise th- 4 the majority of the region's public recreation land, offer nearly unlimited potential for backwoods oriented activities such as -.1. _P? hiking, horseback riding, and camping. At present, as shown in Table 13, the South Shore's most pressing need is for picnicking facilities to accommodate the region's unmet demand of 65,995 people on an average week- ci@ end day during the peak season. This unmet picnicking demand will grow to 110,947 people by the year 2000. To satisfy present T needs, 13,199 picnic tables must be provided. Since much of the region's demand is generated by tourists seeking opportuni ties in accompaniment with other recreation activities such as swimming and fishing, there is a need for supplementary picnic T1. -E. tables at public areas especially ocean bathing beaches. Also Cu sorely needed is an increase in wayside picnic areas along ma- W-d jor transportation routes. This type of development is primarily a state responsibility. Besides the region's severe need for picnicking facilities, there is also a critical shortage of outdoor games and sports 128 TABLE 13: SOUTH SHORE REGION -PRESENT AND FUTURE DEVELOPED RECREATIONAL FACILITY NEEDS 1970 1985 2000 Demand supply Surplus or Deficit Demand Surplus or Deficit Jurisdictional Demand Surplus or Deficit Jurisdictional people facilitiesl people2 facIIItIeS3 people4 peoples facIIItIeS6 p9opI87 ResponsibilityO people facIIItIes9 peoplelo Responsibility Swimming 225,10G 598,890 (373,790) 305,900 (290.348) 422.200 (170,'619) - �2.M2 Permanent Pools 11 -309,542 Feet of Shoreline 295,740 Acres of Beach 3 Boating 46,000 39,997 6,003 61,700 30,168 Municipal-5,425 88,300 33.710 Municipal-6,650 +8,465 County - 2, T70 +15575 County - 2,66 0 Areas 10 200 70,165 1,006 State -7,728 (3386) 103,875 1,124 State -8,164 (2844) Private - 14,845 (5079) Private - 16.236 (4266) Ramps 36 so 251 281 Berths 10,059 2,001 10,066 11,237 Water Acreage 5,200 6,0103 30,168 1 33,710 Fishing 71,700 131,389 59,689) 84,200 47,189) 109,300 22,089) No. of Facilities 51 Water Acres 5,636 Miles of Shoreline 168 Camping 24,600 22,044 2,556 39,900 17,850 County - 1,786 64,000 24,100 County - 2.410 State - 3,571 State-4,820 Family Sites 5,511 639 4,464 Private - 12,499 6,025 Private - 16.870 Hiking 7.300 4,414 2,886 11,500 7,086 Municipal - 1,417 16,200 4,700 Municipal - 940 County - 2,480 County - 1,645 Miles 276 180 443 State - 3,1189 294 State - 2,115 Bicycling 24,300 504 23,796 28,900 28,396 Mun Icl pat - 17,037 34,600 5,700 Mun ic 1 pa I - 3,420 County - 8,519 County - 1,710 Miles 28 1,322 1,578 State - 2,840 317 State - 570 Horseback Riding 3,000 2,586 414 4,000 1,414 Municipal -71 4,800 800, Municipal -40 County -212 County - 120 Miles 2,155 35 118 State - 283 67 State - 160 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Private - 848 Private -480 lincludes Municipal, County, State, Interstate, Federal and Private facilities. 2Total estimated capacity of 1970 facility supply. 31ndicates total number of facilities necessary to satiate unmet 1970demand for each type of facility. 4Represents deficit or (surplus) of 1970 supply of facilities in terms of capacity to meet 1970 demand. 513epresents regional demand and where necessary addition of demand from other regions or subtraction of regional demand distributed to other regions todetermine an adjusted regional demand. 61 ndicates total number of facilities necessary to satiate unmet 1985 adjusted demand for each type of facility. 7Represents deficit or (surplus) of 1970 supply of facilities in terms of capacity to meet 1985 adjusted demand. 8Apportioned share of the facility capacity deficit which should be accommodated by the various jurisdictions within the region based upon their responsibilities and capabilities. That portion of a jurisdiction's responsibility which was apportioned from out region demand is shown in brackets. Below the dotted line the demand assigned to other regions is distributed to the receiving regions. (Private sector includes commercial enterprises, quasi-public organizations and private or restricted membership clubs. Reservoirs are non-state, public water supply reservoirs.) 91ndicates total number of facilities necessary to satiate unmet demand for each type of facility assuming the 1985 deficit has been met. I ORepresents deficit or (surplus) of supply of facilities in terms of capacity to meet 2000 adjusted demand assuming the 1985 supply deficit has been met. 129 TABLE 13: SOUTH SHORE REGION (continued) 1970 1985 2000 Demand S@pply Surplus or Deficit Demand Surplus or Deficit Jurisdictional Demand Surplus or Deficit Jurisdictional 9 10 people facilit DslpeopI92 facilities3lpeople4 people5 facilitles6 people7 Responslbillty8 People facilities people Responsibility Nature Interpretive 31,600 These facilities should be developed 36,900 46,900 Facilities@ where ecologically significant condi- (includes trails, dis- tions exist. plays and centers) I I I I I I Hunting 16.300 24,281 7,981) 15,900 6,626) 18.700 3,662) +1 755 +1,919 Acres 121,404 20,619 Picnicking 74.300 8,305 65,995 89,900 82,361 Municipal - 16,319 118,000 28,586 Municipal - 5,620 + 766 County - 28,588 + 1,252 County - 9,835 Acres 112 1,650 90,666 2.059 State - 37,454 (766) 119,252 715 State - 13,131 (486) Tables 1 765 113.199 16,472 5,717 Ice Skating - Natural 41,200 102,679 (61,479) 56,400 (46,279) 71,500 (31,179) No. of Sites 7 Acres 135 Ice Skating- Artificial 13,300 13,300 18,300 18,300 Municipal - 3.660 23,200 4,900 Municipal - 980 County - 12,810 County - 3.430 Acres 9.2 12.6 Private - 1,830 3.4 Private - 490 Snow Ski ing 10,000 10,000 15,000 Other Regions -15.000 24,000 Other Regions - 9,000 -15,000 NW-12,342;NC-2,178; -24,000 NW - 8,058; NC - 942 Acres 333 SW - 480 __T Outd oor Games & 74,800 10,580 64,220 96,500 85,920 Municipal - 60.144 128,600 32,100 Municipal - 22,470 Sports County - 12,888 County - 4,815 Playgrounds 91 1,284 1,718 State - 4,296 642 State - 1,605 Open Playfields 148 3,211 4,296 Private - 8,592 1,605 Private - 3,210 Game Courts 215 6,422 8,592 3,210 Golf - 18 holes 8 856 1,146 428 Golf - 9 holes 5 1,606 2,148 803 Golf - Par 3 6 3,211 4,296 1,605 lIncludes Municipal, County, State. Interslate, Federal and Private facilities. 2Total estimated capacity of 1970 facility supply. 31ndicates total number of facilities necessary to satiate unmet 1970 demand for each type of facility. 4Represents def icit or (surplus) of 1970 supply of facilities in terms of capacity to meet 1970 demand- 5Represents regional demand and where necessary addition of demand from other regions or subtraction of regional demand distributed to other regions todetermine an adjusted regional demand. 61ndicates total number of facilities necessary to satiate unmet 1985 adjusted demand for each type of facility. 7Represents deficit or (surplus) of 1970 supply of facilities in terms of capacity to meet 1985 adjusted demand. BApportioned share of the facility capacity deficit which should be accommodated by the various jurisdictions within the region based upon their responsibilities and capabilities. That portion of a jurisdiction's responsibility which was apportioned from out region demand is shown in brackets. Below the dotted line the demand assigned to other regions is distributed to the receiving regions. (Private sector includes commercial enterprises, quasi-public organizations and private or restricted membership clubs. Reservoirs are non-state, public water supply reservoirs.) 91ndicates total number of facilities necessary to satiate unmet demand for each type of facility assuming the 1985 deficit has been met. I ORepresents deficit or (surplus) of supply of facilities in terms of capacity to meet 2000 adjusted demand assuming the 1985 supply deficit has been met. 130 facilities -present unmet demands for these activities amount be developed to accommodate 41,956 people by the year 2000. to 64,220 people. This need will become even more acute in the The private sector, already the region's primary supplier of future as the region's existing facilities will be unable to camping facilities, is expected to develop the majority of the accommodate 118,020 people who will seek outdoor games South Shore's future campsites to accommodate tourists seek- and sports opportunities on an average weekend day during the ing reasonable lodging within convenient travel distance of peak season in the year 2000. The municipal level should devel- resort areas. The State, and to a lesser degree the counties, op the majority of the region's outdoor dames and sports facil- should assume responsibility for providing camping facilities ities to accommodate local demand generated by a large sum- to meet camping demands generated by sportsmen attracted to mer residential population and day use visitors. Private capital the region by hunting and fishing opportunities and those can be expected to develop new golf courses if land prices and persons who desire backwoods camping experiences. property taxes remain relatively low. A critical need exists in the South Shore Region for devel- oped bicycling facilities because present bicycling demand exceeds supply by 23,796 people and, by the year.2000, bicycling needs will reach 34,096 people. To meet the region's iz -g. present needs over 1,300 miles of bicycle trails and thorough- T-- fares must be provided by all levels of government. To serve i 44 r 7 1 the region's large summer population, municipalities, especially 'lit the resort communities, should provide bicycle thoroughfares W I which allow for safe passage of bicycle traffic. Consideration r0c,'-, xr- r should be given by the state and county levels to providing Ila 71TIMIM, bicycle trails along sufficiently wide highway rights-of-way. @W A substantial portion of the South Shore's present and fu- ture needs for hiking and horseback riding can Jbe satisfied by utilizing the vast potential of state recreation lands for providing these facilities. The private sector is likely to develop the major- ity of the South Shore's future equestrian trails in response to a growing demand and a profitable market. At the local levels, hiking and horseback riding trails should be developed to sup- Atlantic City j plement state provided facilities to satisfy these demands. The South Shore Region has an abundant supply of natural Despite the numerous bays and inlets and the vast ex- ice skating areas, but, like the other regions, there is a need for panse of ocean, boating facilities in this region are insufficient artificial areas to provide ice skating opportunities continously to accommodate the boating demand. All levels of government throughout the winter season. At present, 9.2 acres of artificial and the private sector must develop additional boating facilities ice skating surface must be developed to satisfy the region's or be faced with an unmet demand of 63,878 people by the turn unmet demand of 13,300 people. Local levels of government of the century. are primarily responsible for providing facilities for this home Although over half of New Jersey's campsites are located oriented activity. Because the South Shore Region lacks suit- in the South Shore Region, there is a present regional unmet able physiographic and climatic conditions for snow skiing de- camping demand of 2,556 people. To meet the rapidly increas- velopment, the region's snow skiing demand will have to be ing demand for camping opportunities, 10,489 campsites must satisfied in other regions. 131 DELAWARE BAY REGION @x The Delaware Bay's rural nature coupled with its present E'@ HU@ remoteness from large population centers account for the re- W@E@X gion's comparatively low level of demand for recreation oppor- tunities. The region's nearly unlimited recreation potential, E especially for water-oriented activities along its southern boundary fronting the Delaware Bay, has been barely tapped. However, recreation development of the region's abundant natural resources can be expected in the future because the facilities of the shore regions will eventually be unable to upp@ accommodate all of the recreation demand generated by New Nwk Jersey's growing population and increasing out-of-state tourism. A _'L E "17"' Coastal areas, consisting of marsh lands and wetlands, represent irreplaceable, valuable assets which serve as nest- All-y ing, feeding and migrating places for waterfowl and a source of nutrient supplies for marine life. As a result, they offer abun- dant hunting and fishing opportunities. The State's diminishing br.4 fish and wildlife resources, threatened by water pollution and nd L urban development of former wildlife habitats, should be pro- -a, u -P. tected through planning, zoning, pollution control and public land acquisition. Present and future needs for developed recreation facili- lie ties are greatest for the activities of outdoor games and sports and picnicking. (Refer to Table 14.) At present, existing facil- 'h@ F.ifi.ld -p.- _P! G-..-.' h ities are unable to accommodate the 5,180 people who desire outdoor games and sports opportunities on an average week- end day during the peak season, while existing picnicking facil- ities are insufficient to accommodate the demand of 5,135 _P: D _P people. By the turn of the century, the region's unmet demands 4- will be 15 080 people for playing outdoor games and sports and 10,435 pl@ople for picnicking. Since these activities are pri- marily home oriented, the majority of the responsibility for de- DELA RE veloping suitable facilities rests with the local levels of govern- ment. The State should supplement the locally provided RA Y picnicking facilities to accommodate the tourist generated de- REGION mand for picnicking. 40 00 Like the other study regions, the Delaware Bay shows a 1@ o need for designated bicycle trails. The region's present unmet 132 TABLE 14: DELAWARE BAY REGION - PRESENT AND FUTURE DEVELOPED RECREATIONAL FACILITY NEEDS 1970 1985 2000 Demand Supply Surplus or Deficit Demand Surplus or Deficit Jurisdictional Demand Surplus or Deficit Jurisdictional people facII1tIesI1peopIe2 facIIItIes3 people4 people5 facIIItIeS6 people7 ResponsIbIIIty8 people facilities9i people 10 Responsibility Swimming 19,000 60,557 (41,557) 27.100 3,345) 39,200 (21.357) Permanent Pools 27 Feet of Shoreline 21,916 Acres of Beach 4 Boating 3,900 6,373 2,473) 5,700 673) 8,200 2,500 Municipal -250 County -250 Areas 3 83 State -750 Private -1,250 Ramps 11 21 Benches 1,315 Water Acreage 1,018 Fishing 4,600 28,219 (23,619) 5,700 (22,519) 7,600 (20,619) No. of Facilities 18 Water Acres 1,251 Miles of Shore I ine 32.4 Camping 1,300 1,788 488) 2,200 412 County - 82 3,500 1,300 County-260 State - 124 State -390 Family Sites 447 103 Private-206 325 Private - 650 Hiking 900 544 356 1,500 956 Municipal - 191 2.300 800 Municipal - 160 County - 191 County - 160 Miles 34 22 60 State - 574 50 State - 480 Bicycling 3,500 18 3,482 4,600 4,582 Municipal -2,750 51900 1,300 Municipal -780 County - 916 County - 260 Mi les 1 193 255 State - 916 72 State -260 Horseback Riding 700 180 520 800 620 Municipal -62 1,000 200 Municipal -20 - County - 62 County - 20 Mi les 15 43 52 State - 248 17 State - 80 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Private-248 Pr 1 vate - 80 Includes Municipal, County, State, Interstate. Federal and Private facilities. 2Total estimated capacity of 1970 facility supply. 31ndicates total number of facilities necessary to satiate unmet 1970 demand for each type of facility. 4Represents deficit or (surplus) of 1970 supply of faci I ities in terms of capacity to meet 1970 demand. 5Represents regional demand and where necessary addition of demand from other regions or subtraction of regional demand distributed to other regions to determine an adjusted regional demand. 61ndicates total number of facilities necessary to satiate unmet 1985 adjusted demand for each type of facility. 7Represents deficit or (surplus) of 1970 supply of facilities in terms of capacity to meet 1985 adjusted demand. 8Apportioned share of the facili ty capacity deficit which should be accommodated by the various jurisdictions within the region based upon their responsibilities and capabilities. That Portion of a jurisdiction's responsibility which was apportioned from out region demand is shown in brackets. Below the dotted line the demand assigned to other regions is distributed to the receiving regions. (Private sector includes commercial enterprises, quasi-public organizations and private or restricted membershipciubs. Reservoirs are non-state, public water supply reservoirs.) 9indicates total number of facilities necessary to satiate unmet demand for each type of facility assuming the 1985 deficit has been met. I ORepresents deficit or (surplus) of supply of facilities in terms of capacity to meet 2000 adjusted demand assuming the 1985 supply deficit has been met. 133 TABLE 14: DELAWARE BAY REGION (continued) 1970 1985 2000 Demand Supply Surplus or Deficit Demand Surplus or Deficit Jurisdictional Demand Surplus or Deficit Jurisdictional people facilities 11 people2 ifacilitieslpeople4 people5 facllitles6 people7 Responsibi I Ity people fac I I It les; 91 peoplelo Responsibility Nature Interpretive 2,700 These facilities should be developed 3,500 4,600 Facilities where ecologically significant condi- (includes trails, dis- tions exist. plays and centers) I I Hunting 1,300 9,611 (8,311) 1,400 (8,211) 1,700 7,911) Acres 48,055 1 1 Picnicking 6,900 1,765 5,135 9,000 7,235 Municipal - 2,170 12,200 3,200 Municipal - 960 County - 2.170 County - 960 Acres 128 181 State - 2,895 80 State - 1.280 Tables 353 1,027 1,447 640 Ice Skating-Natural 7,600 1,150,415 (1,142415) 11,300 (1,131,515) 16,200 (1,134,215) No. of Sites 5 Acres 1,580 Ice Skating -Artificial 2,100 2.100 3,200 3,200 Municipal - 640 4,600 1,400 Municipal - 280 Acres County - 2,240 County - 980 1.4 2.2 Private- 320 Private - 140 Snow Skiing 600 600 900 Other Regions - goo 1,400 Other Regions - 500 -900 NW-432; NC-48; -1.400 NW-478; NC-22 20 Acres 0 SW-420 0 Outdoor Games & 9,800 4,620 6,180 14,100 9,480 Municipal - 6.636 19,700 5,600 Municipal - 3,920 Sports County - 1,422 County - 840 Playgrounds 38 104 190 State - 474 112 State - 280 Private - 948 Private - 560 Open Playfields 85 259 474 280 Game Courts 77 518 948 560 Golf - 18 holes 2 69 126 75 Golf - 9 holes 2 130 237 140 Golf - Par 3 1 259 474 280 I Includes Municipal, County. State. Interstate, Federal and Private facilities. 2TotaI estimated capacity of 1970 faci I ity supply. 31ndicates total number of facilities necessary to satiate unmet 1970 demand for each type of facility. 4Represents deficit or (surplus) of 1970 supply of facilities in terms of capacity to meet 1970 demand. 5Represents regional demand and where necessary addition of demand from other regions or subtraction of regional demand distributed to other regions to determine an adjusted regional demand. 61ndicates total number of facilities necessary to satiate unmet 1985 adjusted demand for each type of facility. 7Represents deficit or (surplus) of 1970 supply of facilities in terms of capacity to meet 1985 adjusted demand. BApportioned shareof the facility capacity deficit which should be..accommodated by the various jurisdictions within the region based upon their responsibilites and capabilities. That portion of a jurisdiction's responsibility whichas apportioned from out region demand is shown in brackets. Below the dotted line the demand assigned to other regions is distributed to the receiving regions. (Private sector includes commercial enterprises, quasi-public organizations and private or restricted membership clubs.) 91ndicates total number of facilities necessary to satiate unmet demand for each type of facility assuming the 1985 deficit has been met. IORepresents deficit or (surplus) of supply of facilities in terms of capacity to meet 2000 adjusted demand assuming the 1985 supply deficit has been met. 134 bicycling demand of 3,482 people will reach 5,882 by the year trailer-drawn boats to take advantage of the region's copious 2000 and require development of 327 miles of designated trails. supply of water resources. To satisfy local demand, municipalities should provide bicycle Since the Delaware Bay Region lacks the physiographic thoroughfares within their residential street systems to allow for and climatic conditions necessary for snow skiing development, the safe passage of bicycle traffic. At county and state levels, the region's present and future snow skiing needs will be met highway rights-of-way should be examined for potential bicycle outside of the region. Climatic conditions also reduce the ice trail development. skating potential of the region's plentiful supply of natural water Existing camping facilities in the Delaware Bay Region are areas, and therefore, the Delaware Bay needs 1.4 acres of arti- sufficient to handle present demand. But by the turn of the ficial ice skating surface to satisfy the region's present unmet century, the region will require development of 428 additional ice skating demand of 2,100 people. Without future develop- campsites to accommodate the anticipated increase in demand ment of artificial ice skating areas, the region faces a need for camping opportunities. Since camping often accompanies amounting to 4,600 people by the year 2000. Responsibility for the region's major recreational attractions of fishing and hunt- providing artificial ice skating areas should be assumed by local ing, a substantial portion of the new campsites should be de- levels of government because ice skating is primarily a home veloped close to facilities providing these activities; and since oriented activity. the State provides nearly all of the region's hunting oppor- tunities and a large share of its fishing facilities, it should play a significant role in providing future camping facilities. Because camping facilities can be profitable, the private sector, which Zme already supplies most of the region's family campsites, is expected to develop approximately half of the Delaware Bay's future camping facilities. To satisfy present and future demands for hiking opportun- ities, 110 miles of hiking trails should be developed in the Delaware Bay Region by municipal, county and state levels by the year 2000. The region's horseback riding demand will re- quire provision of 69 miles of bridle trails by the turn of the century. State and private development is expected to accom- modate most of the region's horseback. riding facility needs The numerous rivers, inlets, and coves of this region offer excellent boating opportunities. Existing boatin.9 facilities, wh adequate to handle present demand, will require additional boating accommodations by the year 2000 to satisfy an an- ticipated unmet demand of 2,500 people. The private sector and A slight need exists in the region's few urban areas for the State, major suppliers of the region's boating accommoda- swimming facilities in the form of permanent pools despite the tions, are likely to develop most of the Delaware Bay's future Delaware Bay's apparently adequate swimming supply. The boating facilities. Private sector development will probably con- responsibility for satisfying this need falls upon local levels of sist of boat berths, while the State is expected to provide government; the private sector presently provides the region's access points and launching ramps for car-top boats and total supply of pools. 135 URBAN NEEDS STUDV The essence of recreation is choice. This choice in an man's current drives as an irretrievable asset for the future. urban environment is limited since urban recreation has always The basic question is how to provide greater choice in terms of been one of the unwanted children of city budgets. It is treated urban recreation. The pressing question is "What kinds of haphazardly as far as allocations, and then turned over to ar- choices are more important?" chaic administration facilities. In urban recreation the term "leisure activity" is insuf- Urban recreation is what people who live in a city decide ficient; urban recreation must serve social and educational to do when given the opportunity to decide what to do; it is the ends with the city providing the means which the people cannot manifestation of natural drives in an essentially man-made give themselves. Physically the only open space is the city's. environment. The character of urban recreation that is evolving And yet, since the city is people, this open space must seFve must be catered to, not altered to match the green dreams of the people. Parks, lots, and curbs must function as backyards Westchester and the Wild West. Recreation planning for cities and lawns. Financially, the city must offer the facilities that the demands the unconventional. Planning for urban recreation individual cannot afford. Mobility-wise, the city must help car- must concentrate primarily on man-the-partici pant since Man- less people see and be in new places. The city must now care in-Nature, man-the-oc cu pant, is an anachronism; both the sites about the residents, having overlooked them for years of in- and programs must be as tailored as they are surprising. Build- dustrial and commercial concern. Most recreational depart- ings and cars must be acknowledged as the landscape of the ments will not be supplementing, but merely beginning to city which, unlike distant greenlands, hold no priority over provide. 44* 136 What else do little kids and teenagers, adults and old peo pie who live in the city do when they can decide what to do that esult of what a city innately offers, despite any municipal is a r agency? Walking on sidewalks, on bridges, on rooftops, hang- ing out, ganging up, going to sports events, to movies, to par- ties, playing basketball, stick ball, wall ball, ball, cards and checkers, horses and numbers, riding bikes, shooting pool, I dancing, visiting, laughing, drinking, smoking, watching t.v., watching out, watching. As it stands, then, urban recreation is social because as T neighbors, fans, voices, and ears, city people come together. The more convenient the meeting, the more natural and, there- by, the more successful. in Puerto Rican neighborhoods, the bodegas, the local grocery stores, are the centers of all activity and information, the grocer acting as a virtual social director and real estate agent. For the most part, inner city statistics show that a lot of people with not a lot of money have a lot of children and not a lot of nice places to go. The people who now live in the city are, for the very large majority, the people who cannot move out of the city. Those people who do not reside in the city can and do return there for recreation: theatre, shopping, restau- rants, museums. Yet, the recreational values of the urbanite and exurbanite can and do differ. Opportunity, hence choice, is a matter of the quantity and convenience of facilities provided, as well as a personal budget of energy, time, and money. The constraints on all five are tightest for the inner city resident. The result in spare time for adults is staying, not going, sitting, not doing. Money, time, energy, convenience, quantity-the local bar is a number one recreation spot for the city's son, and the closer, cheaper, drier equivalent is the front steps, which is just as popular. For the youths the same five are important, but in a different fashion. Instead of running out of time and energy, they have more than the city can absorb. Thus, they use their time on fire escape swings, bus fender rides, and exploration in demolition sites. Urban recreation is educational; a city kid learns most of The only open area for anyone is the street and so it becomes anything he learns in the streets. It is this street experience that a place instead of a space, a multiple purpose and very popular progressives are demanding substitute for college boards and place. high school grades in consideration for college entrance. 137 Urban recreation, with less chance for release and relief, URBAN NEEDS STUDY is becoming a pastime of destruction and frustration for young and old alike. Karl Menninger explains that cities afford disas- trously little opportunity for violent play, a combattant to the 153 URBAN MUNICIPALITIES will of destruction. 'x, y To enhance the social and educational aspects of urban recreation, both its physical and social sides should be empha- sized. While the physical aspects stress the design, construc- tion, and interrelationship among facilities, the social aspect should concern itself with creating the desired interrelation- ships among people. We should move from the corrective approach which aims to repair existing problems on a piece- meal basis by treating symptoms, and emphasize the creative approach by which change functioning at the causal level can be selected and monitored so as to achieve the highest level NORTHAM NORTH CENTRAL of opportunity and choice. Parks, by definition, are an alternative to both cement and NORTHEAST human density; cities, by definition, are a maximum of the ,two. Cities require, not to mention deserve, a greater quantity CENTRAL and variety of open space for recreation. CORRIDOR NORTH SOUTHIEST Supply-Demand T, .E- E SHORL BAT Needs Analysis The Urban Needs Study was undertaken to determine what I A, facilities the municipalities should be providing to meet the recreation needs of urban residents. The study focused on activities which people normally seek within short distances of their homes, usually within their own community or neigh borhood. The major responsibility for providing these facilities rests with municipal governments and, therefore, the survey J includes only the supply of municipally owned recreation facili- ties and the resident demand for these facilities which munick palities are or should be satisfying. The 567 municipalities in New Jersey vary considerably rJ in land area and population. The smallest municipality com- prises only 0.07 square miles (Lock Arbour Village in Mon- mouth County) and the largest is 115.05 square miles (Hamil- NO .. A"' NOR N NO T. SNORL 138 ton Township in Atlantic County). The range in population size TABLE 1: 153 URBAN MUNICIPALITIES is also great. The smallest (Tavistock Borough in Camden POPULATION DATA County) had 12 people in 1970 and the largest was the City of 1970 Newark in Essex County with 378,222 people. In New Jersey the population is concentrated in a relatively few high popula- No. of Urban Pop., Urban Pop., Population Growth Rate tion and high density areas. These are located primarily in the Urban Muni- %of Regional Distributed 1950-1960 1960-1970 Northeast Regio'r) near New York City and extend down into Region clpalltles Population by Region central New Jersey to Trenton. Northwest 0 0 0 0 0 For the purposes of this study, an "urban city" is defined North Central 4 20% 2% 177% 53% as one with a total population of 25,000 or more or with a pop- Northeast 77 83% 620/D 18% 5% ulation density of 5,000 people or more per square mile. A total of 153 municipalities of the State's 567 qualify as urban under Central Corridor 26 7 7% 190/0 49% 67% this criteria. (See Map and Table 1.) The Northeast Region North Shore 16 41% 6% 385% 178% contains nearly half of these municipalities (77), representing Southwest 25 44% 91/0 70% 21% 83% of the region's population. The Central Corridor Region follows with 26 communities or 77% of its population living in South Shore 3 27% 1% 12% -4% urban areas. Urbanization continues to spread southward Delaware Bay 2 2 9% 1 % 21% 19% rather than to the west, with the North Shore Region being 41 % urbanized and the Southwest Region being 45% urbanized. Only the Northwest Region including Sussex, Warren and Hun- terdon counties has no urban areas. urban demand for these facilities, this does not obviate the need The 153 urban communities, representing 27% of the for municipalities to strive to meet the recreation needs that State's 567 municipalities, include over 4.5 million people. are clearly their responsibility. This comprises almost 65% of the State's total population but only 17% of the State's total land area. These cities showed a SUPPLY population increase of 20% over the past decade. The growth trends show that the largest cities are continuing slow de- In order to determine the present supply of municipally creases in population or at least a slower growth rate, while owned recreation facilities in the 153 urban communities, a the suburbs are gaining population at a much faster rate. "Municipal Outdoor Recreation Survey" was conducted in 1968 The responsibility for providing recreation facilities within and a similar inventory concentrating on the urban areas was a municipality falls primarily on the municipal level of govern- conducted in 1971. Ninety-nine communities responded to the ment. The thirteen facilities included in this study are most 1971 survey. Data from the 1968 survey was used for fifty-one often sought close to home and therefore are those which communities. Three communities did not respond to either local municipalities should be providing. These facilities in- survey. To incorporate data for these, averages of supply in- clude: baseball (regulation), baseball (youth), football /soccer, formation from urban municipalities of similar size and similar basketball, bocce/horseshoe/shuffleboard courts, handball socio-economic characteristics from within the same region courts, tennis courts, swimming pools, spray/wading pools, were substituted. bicycle trails, outdoor stage, passive sitting areas and play- The 1971 survey included the 13 facilities chosen for the lots. (See Table 2.) Although it is understood that the counties Urban Needs Study, but two categories included in 1971 had and to a lesser extent the State may be meeting some of the not been part of the 1968 survey -horseshoe/ bocce/sh uff I e- 139 board courts and spray/wading pools. In order to incorporate existing municipal recreation supply is roughly comparable to data on these activities for all 153 communities, not just the the portion of the State's urban population residing in that ninety-nine responding to the 1971 survey, averages were again region. The Northeast Region, for example, has 56% of the ur- taken. These were based on population size and socio-econom- ban recreation supply and 62% of the urban population. These ic characteristics of urban communities within the same region. proportions vary with activity however. The Northeast Region The 1971 municipally owned recreation supply for the has 61% of the basketball supply but only 50% of the football/ thirteen activities is shown in Table 3, while Table 4 shows soccer facilities. The Central Corridor Region has 19% of the the number and kinds of parks in which these facilities are urban population and 20% of the supply. This region, however, located. has only 9% of the handball courts and 13% of the basketball As the inventory data reveals, each region's share of the courts while it also has 26% of the passive sitting areas. TABLE 2: FACILITIES INCLUDED IN TABLE 3: SUPPLY OF MUNICIPALLY OWNED URBAN NEEDS STUDY URBAN RECREATION FACILITIES MUNICIPAL RESPONSIBILITY 1971 Percent Municipal Region Facility Responsibility Facility North Central Northeast Central Corridor North Share Southwest South Short Delaware say State Total Baseball (Reg.) 8 01A Basebal I (Reg.) 5 146 97 42 32 7 6 335 Basebal I (Youth) 801% Baseball (Youth) 0 179 82 29 66 8 5 369 Football/Soccer 80% Football/Soccer 4 182 89 43 30 8 5 361 Basketball 80% Basketball 18 606 131 69 133 27 4 988 Bocce/ Horseshoe/ Bocce/Horseshoe/ Shuffleboard 80% Shuffleboard Courts 1 281 11130 58 36 21 0 497 Handball Courts 80% Handball Courts 2 79 9 1 10 1 0 102 Tennis Courts 801/o Tennis Courts 13 451 140 49 81 27 15 776 Swimming Pools 50% Swimming Pools 1 54 12 9 11 0 0 87 Spray/Wading Pools 90% Spray/Wading Pools 0 122 25 5 33 0 0 185 Bicycle Trails 85% Bicycle Trai Is (Miles) 0 5.2 7.4 1.8 1.9 1.7 0 18.0 Outdoor Stage 40% Outdoor Stage 0 11 5 a 3 2 0 29 Passive Sitting Areas 90% Passive Sitting Areas 3 519 280 167 34 50 3 1056 Playlots 800/6 Playlots 15 693 189 73 102 29 17 1118 TOTALS 62 3328.2 1166.4 554.8 572.9 181.7 55 5921 140 Only 18 miles of bicycle trails have been provided by TABLE 4: TYPES OF URBAN MUNICIPAL PARKS municipal governments in the urban communities and two re- gions (North Central and Delaware Bay) have none at all. A North North- Central North South- South Delaware total of 41% of the available bicycle trails are located in the Type of Park Central east Corridor Shore west Shore Bay Central Corridor Region and 29% are in the Northeast Region. Small Neighborhood 1 163 118 48 20 14 0 Considering the number of miles represented by these per- Large Neighborhood 1 93 47 16 6 3 1 centages, however, they do not indicate an impressive supply. In Table 4 the number and type of municipal parks in the Community 0 38 12 7 5 2 3 urban areas are tabulated by region-small neighborhood, Metropo I Ran 0 8 10 0 1 0 0 large neighborhood, community, metropolitan and undevel- Undeveloped 0 37 7 16 4 1 0 oped. The facilities shown in Table 3 are located in a total of 817 municipal parks. Of this total, 45% are small neighborhood Definitions of Classes of Areas: parks providing recreation facilities within walking distance Small Neighborhood: Recreation areas, less than 3 acres in size, which are of potential users. These are designed primarily to serve the located within walking distance of potential users. Pfaylots and vest pocket elderly, with passive sitting areas, and the very young, with parks are considered in this category. Often small neighborhood parks fea- children's playlots or playgrounds. These parks also provide ture children's play areas, multi-purpose courts and/or passive sitting areas. facilities, some court and field areas, for teenagers and adults. Large Neighborhood: Parks, between 3 and 10 acres in size, which provide Another 20% of the parks are large neighborhood parks which recreation opportunities for all age groups within a neighborhood. They provide recreation opportunities for all age groups. Thus, mu- generally serve an area no greater than a square mile. Common features of large neighborhood parks are playgrounds, baseball/softball fields, multi- nicipally owned recreation facilities are largely (65%) provided use paved areas for court games, horseshoe and shuffleboard courts, and in neighborhood parks intended to be within easy access of the passive areas. residents they are designed to serve. Community: Parks, 10 to 30 or more acres in size, which serve several neighborhoods and provide facilities which require more space than is nor- There also appears to be potential undeveloped park areas mally available at neighborhood parks. In addition to the facilities found in all but one of the seven regions. The exact size of these in neighborhood parks, community parks frequently feature sportfields, areas and their locations were not determined by the Urban tennis courts, swimming pools and picnic areas. Needs Study. However, every effort should be made to develop Metropolitan: Parks generally exceeding 100 acres in size, ch aracteristically them either with recreation facilities or as open space attrac- less intensely developed than previously mentioned recreation areas. Picnic tively landscaped to provide a pleasing environment for urban areas, boating and swimming facilities, nature centers and natural areas, and hiking and equestrian trails are among the features often found in met- residents who are all too often surrounded by buildings, pave- ropolitan parks. ment and general ugliness. Undeveloped: Areas which will be eventually developed for recreation or The adequacy with which this municipally owned resource retained for open space. meets the recreation needs of urban residents is difficult to assess with the information available. Further study of these DEMAND resources must focus in greater depth on the exact location, visual and design characteristics, operation and maintenance, The demand methodology used in the Urban Needs Study security or safety of the areas, and barriers in or surrounding was somewhat different from that used for the rest of the State the facilities, such as a high speed highway, that cut off the Plan. This was due primarily to the fact that the ORRRC studies, facility from potential neighborhood users. which served as the basis for New Jersey participation rates, 141 TABLE 5: STANDARDS USED TABLE 6: URBAN DEMAND TABLE 7: 1970 URBAN FACILITY DEMAND URBAN DEMAND 1970 BY REGION Facility Standard Municipal Responsibility REGION Facility Recreation Days % of Total North North- Central North South- South Delaware Baseball (Regulation) 1 per 6,000 people Baseball (Reg.) .167 80% Facility Central east Corridor Shore west Shore Bay Baseball (Youth) I per 3,000 people Baseball (Reg.) 14 472 141 45 75 11 9 Football/Soccer (Fields) 1 per 10,000 people Baseball (Youth) .335 80% Baseball (Youth) 30 943 282 90 149 23 18 Football/Soccer Fields .1 801/0 Football/Soccer Fields 9 283 89 27 45 7 5 Basketball Courts 1 per 1,000 people Basketball Courts 69 2,830 845 268 447 64 53 Basketball Courts .5 801% Bocce/ Horseshoe/ Bocce /Horseshoe/ 1 per 1,000 people Shuffleboard Courts 16 586 131 57 72 19 11 Shuffleboard Courts over age of 55 Bocce/ Horseshoe/ Handbal I Courts 9 283 89 27 45 7 5 Handball Courts 1 pet 10,000 people Shuffleboard Courts .097 80% Tennis Courts 44 1,415 423 134 224 34 27 Handbal I Courts .05 80% Swimming Pools 4 141 42 13 22 3 3 Tennis Courts I per 2,000 people Spray/Wading Pools 18 311 104 32 54 8 7 Tennis Courts ;26 80% Bicycle Trails (Miles) 17.8 566.0 169.0 53.7 89.4 13.7 10.6 Swimming Pools 1 per 15,000 people Swimming Pools 1.85 50% Outdoor Stage 4 141 42 13 22 3 3 SpTay/Wading Pools 1 per 1,000 people Passive Sitting Areas 44 1,415 423 134 224 34 27 under age of 7 Spray/Wading Pools .30 90% Playlots 59 1,886 590 179 298 46 35 Bicycle Trails (Miles) I mile per 5,000 people Bicycle Trails (Miles) .75 85% Outdoor Stage I per 20,000 people Outdoor Stage .081 40% Thus, more, if necessary smaller, facilities are needed in the Passive Sitting Areas 1 per 2,000 people Passive Sitting Areas .5 90% urban area rather than a few very large facilities that are inac- Playlots 1 per 1,500 people Playlots 1.65 80% cessible to large numbers of residents. The standards, chosen to reflect this situation, were then converted into recreation days per person. (See Tables 5 & 6.) did not provide participation figures for each of the activities To derive urban demand figures for 1970, the regional included in the Urban Needs Study. For example, swimming urban population was multiplied by the recreation days per and outdoor games were not broken down by ORRRC into person for each activity and the peaking factor and then divided separate activities or facilities included in the urban supply by the 1970 facility capacity standard. inventory- community pools and wading pools, football, bas- ketball, etc. 2% Regional Urban X Recreation X Peaking Secondly, it was assumed that urban recreation standards Population Days Factor Urban Facility are different from statewide standards that often reflect rural 1970 Facility Capacity Standard Demand needs. To derive relevant participation rates for urban munici- palities it was decided to start with standards that have been adapted to the urban environment. These standards tend to The demand for each of the thirteen facilities in 1970 is consider the number of facilities of greater importance than shown by region in Table 7. This table shows only the portion of total available capacity. This is significant in urban areas be- the demand fo'r these facilities which was determined as the cause lack of mobility is a common limitation to participation. responsibility of the municipal level of government. 142 NEEDS For all 13 facilities, only 32% of the 1970 demand is being met The deficit or surplus of facilities was determined by sub- by municipal governments. The percent of the demand met by tracting the 1971 supply from the 1970 demand. (See Table existing municipal facilities varies from region to region. The 8.) Six of the eight regions were deficient in all activities, while Northeast Region, for example, is satisfying 64% of its foot- the North Shore and South Shore had small surpluses in three ball/soccer demand while the North Central Region is meeting activities - football/ soccer, bocce/ horseshoe/ shuf f leboard only 44% of its football/soccer demand. The Central Corridor courts, and passive sitting areas. In spite of these surpluses Region, on the other hand, is meeting all fo its football/soccer it is clear that most of the demand for urban recreation is not demand and the North Shore has a surplus of these facilities. being met by the municipalities. Similar variations are found in all facility comparisons and the percent demand met ranges from 18% in the North Central The greatest deficit in the urban areas is in basketball Region to 67% in the South Shore Region. facilities. An additional 3,588 courts were needed in 1970 to Although 30% of its demand is now being met, the North- meet current demand for this activity. This is followed by play- east Region has the greatest need for facilities fo all the re- lots (1,975), tennis courts (1,525), passive sitting areas (1,245) gions. This is not unexpected since the Northeast contains 83% and youth baseball (1, 166). of the urban population. The rank order of the seven regions The degree to which the existing supply meets the 1970 having urban areas is approximately the same in facility needs demand varies with activity. (See Table 8.) Statewide, 78% of as in percent urbanized population. The only exception is the the urban football/soccer demand is now being met by munici- North Central Region which ranks last in percent urbanized pal facilities but only 2% of the bicycling demand is being met. population and fifth in number of facilities needed. TABLE 8: FACILITY NEEDS AND PERCENT DEMAND BEING MET BY EXISTING SUPF STATEWIDE AND BY REGION, 153 URBAN MUNICIPALITIES, 1971 Statewide North Central Northeast Central Corridor North Shore Southwest South Shore Delaware Bay Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Facility Facility Demand Facility Demand Facility Demand Facility Demand Facility Demand Facility Demand Facility Demand Facility Demand Need Met Need Met Need Met Need Met Need Met Need Met Need Met Need Met Baseball (Reg.) 432 44% 9 36% 326 31% 44 69% 3 93% 43 43% 4 64% 3 66% Baseball (Youth) 1,166 24% 30 0 764 19% 200 29% 61 32% 83 44% 15 34% 13 28% Football/Soccer 104 78% 5 44% 101 64% 0 100% (16) 159% 15 67% (1) 114% 0 100% Basketball 3,588 22% 51 26% 2,224 21% 714 16% 199 26% 314 30% 37 42% 49 8% Bocce, etc. 395 56% 15 6% 305 48% 31 76% (1) 102% 36 50% (2) 111% 11 0 Handball Courts 363 22% 7 22% 204 28% 80 10% 26 4% 35 22% 6 14% 5 0 Tennis Courts 1,525 34% 31 30% 964 32% 283 33% 85 37% 143 36% 7 80% 12 56% Swimming Pools 151 37% 3 25% 87 38% 30 29% 4 69% 11 50% 3 0 3 0 Spray/Wading Pools 339 35% 18 0 189 39% 79 24% 27 16% 21 61% 8 0 7 0 Bicycle Trails (Miles) 902.2 2% 17.8 0 560.8 1% 161.6 4% 51.9 3% 87.5 2% 12.0 12% 10.6 0 Outdoor Stage 209 12% 4 0 130 8% 37 12% 5 62% 19 14% 1 67% 3 0 Passive Sitting Areas 1,245 46% 41 7% 896 37% 143 66% (33) 125% 190 15% (16) 147% 24 11% Playlots 1,975 32% 44 25% 1,193 37% 401 32% 106 41% 196 34% 17 63% 18 49% TOTALS 12,394.2 32% 275.8 18% 7,943.8 30% 2,203.6 35% 517.9 52% 11,193.5 32% 91 67% 158.6 26% *Numbers in parenthesis indicate a surplus of facilities. Conclusion In the late 1940's LeCorbusier built his Unitd d'Habitation on the outskirts of Marseilles. This apartment building was a landmark in convenience as well as design. The seventh floor The Urban Needs Study demonstrates that the problems is a miniature Main Street (including a national supermarket and needs of New Jersey's urban areas are great. Because of branch, a dry cleaner, a bakery, and a hotel) and the rooftop its high overall population density, New Jersey is probably is a complete recreation center (a children's pool, climbs and experiencing a degree of urban neeb greater than most other slides, a weight-lifting gym, and a quarter mile track). The view states. The needs of urban areas will become increasingly from the Empire State Building or Billy Penn's toe presents the important because the proportion of the population living in city as an expanse of free space- free from buildings, free from urban areas will continue to increase in the years ahead at a use. These acres of opportunity can be suited to recreation greater rate than the growth of the State's total population. lands. But since urban development has been concentrated in a small Air rights are a recent commodity on the real estate mar- portion of the State's total land area, New Jersey still contains ket; while use has been made of vacant space underneath vast open space resources. highways for quasi sports courts, the concept of bridging road- In the suburbs, public land is usually a supplement to a ways with playgrounds as they bridge the Arno with jewelers private yard. In the city, however, the municipal grounds must shops in Florence and the Po with shoe stores in Rome, has not play a dual role. The urban park must offer more and different been thoroughly explored. This approach to finding additional kinds of space-different kinds of space to more people who recreational space deserves study although potential problems cannot provide it for themselves, who feel to the point of provo- and limitations have been noted in the use of air rights for cation the conspicuous lack of these opportunities. Park spaces development of housing and office buildings. must be where people already are-on their paths, almost in their way. Vest pocket parks, hopefully styled on the copious wardrobe of Sebastian Cabot, should be found on any variety of lost lots. Some sites simply need refuse clearance to disclose recreational space. In some cases, a city can complete or initiate demolition on an available or accessible plot. Or, in the case of land vacant on a transitional basis, the city can provide instant or temporary facilities on location. The fresh vistas revealed by razing cement curtains can be as functional as they IN are exciting. Another resource for urban recreation is multiple site use. "Slums" are frequently characterized by "mixed uses," or the presence of industry within a residential section. These nine-to- five operations invariably need parking lots, lots that are vacant in the evenings and on weekends. With a liability release, the city can efficiently turn these blacktops into basketball courts. Similarly, shopping centers, which the merchants make sure are fed by bus routes, stagnate on Sundays with enough car space for a baseball diamond. 144 Concomitant with multiple use planning is the extended use of extant recreation facilities. Good lighting would not only expand the hours an activity is possible, but also greatly broaden the group it serves. The employed have an option on facilities that used to work only when they worked. (Suburban department stores stay open every night until at least nine for that very reason.) School gyms and grounds close early in the evening. There is no reason why these recreation provisions should not be accessible in the evenings and on weekends all yearround. Unfortunately, no computer is necessary to discover a city neighborhood in need of recreation space. An entirely field sur- vey to map any open space at all -from extant parks to parking lots-would designate the potential sites for contemporary urban recreation projects. Recognizing and utilizing all space available, even if it is not available all the time, facilitates the separation of competing user groups. (This is more important with little kids and preteens than with the active/passive distinction as is commonly thought. Ball players, after all, like to be watched and sitters certainly like something to see.) The renovation of deteriorated land is an aid, not an answer; so is neighborhood interest. 7, It is next to impossible to make up in seductive equipment what people lack in habit. This does not mean that kids will not use a new swimming pool because they are not used to going swimming; battling the frustrating heat of the summer is a habit in itself. To encourage habit in any new facility it must be open all the time-open in hours and open at the ends. Locked gates 00*__ and closing times increase estrangement, interfere with re- peated use, and decrease convenience. The same applies to seasonal or one shot deals. On Friday, when the little kids finally get used to going to the mobile zoo on the corner, they find it won't be there on Monday. While the teenagers can hang at a green filled lot when it's warm, there's no equivalent when it's cold. While everyone is shown movies and plays outdoors The continuing success of a project tends to reinforce every week in the summer, there are no free indoor shows itself. If a park is well used then the people themselves protect throughout the winter months. Recreation needs are not spo- it with their pride and their presence. All that use, i.e. success, radic. Besides, the more people become accustomed to some- demands is maintenance. Maintenance is not an innovation. thing, the stronger the interest base from which to work. Yet it is treated as a strange new brew to be passed or disre- 145 which fell altogether in its own pile of gar- garded. One ploy, bage, was to have the neighbors keep their own parks clean. By some rationale, if the city park is to perform as a backyard, oe AIL, then those who claim it should take care of it. However, public land anywhere else is taken care of by public authorities, so why should these people, whose prime capital asset is labor, be asked to work for free. Diversity is another success factor. Dull, after all, is dull. People look out windows to see what is going on because there is something to see that has never happened on the kitchen table at which they sit. The whim of the street is the personality of a city. Similarly, planned places must offer a visual and an eye-level diversity as well as a participatory one. I W-1 Riverside Park in Manhattan is proof. The sliver of land on ft the Hudson's edge from 72nd to 158th streets is given charac- No ter by the successive neighborhood it flanks. The vista is cer- ff tainly intriguing, yet it is easily topped in variety by the range of activities occurring -folk dancing, fishing, baseball, jogging, dog walking, sleeping, soccer, golf putting, sandboxes, sitting, sunbathing, car washing, car wrecking, picnicking, bike riding. A-` 4@1 Although Riverside Park may be filled because there are no alternate parklands, other reasons also contribute to its suc- cess: (1) it is conducive to any number of pastimes; (2) it is convenient (the fields to the west of the highway on the shore, the nicest part of the park, are conspicuously empty because they are inaccessible by foot); and (3) the different segments of -appointed community propri- the 293 acre belt have won self etorship. The paragon of natural versatility in a man-made structure, exemplary for park and program planning, is the city building. It can be hidden in, climbed up, swung from, walked over, met by, written on. The urban tree. In our economically oriented society, the acquisition of land claims the major expenditure and is the greatest obstacle to creating amenities in the city. When the sheriff sales trick in 7- 1 id, Philadelphia works, it is because sheriff sales' occur in run- A10 '4.A, down neighborhoods. The donation gimmick works every once in a while in Manhattan because there are a few rich-living 4, people. There's the magazine ad that promises your name on a plaque if you send a check to make a vest pocket park; or the 146 non-liability rental, where the owner lets the city use his land basis; supervise -programs, protection. Hopefully, the partici- for recreation purposes without risk of suits; or multiple use pation will increase pride at the expense of vandalism. sites; the most expedient, of course, is city-owned land. Since the theory of planning per se rests on the continuing Put this all together it spells block parks-the conversion knowledge of human capabilities and desires, actual citizen of streets to parks from parking lots. The unique character, the participation can be the most effective way of guiding planning inimitable attraction of the city street has been acclaimed by action. In this manner, recreation demand can be recognized Jane Jacobs, Bernard Rudofsky, and William H. Whyte. Rather and compiled. People who want something say so and thus than scorn street play as a choiceless choice, an urban recrea- comply to a local participation plan. Their interest is the coi- tion system should plan for and with it. Closing blocks on some lateral. Then, the demand revealed, population and facility schedule is the plainest approach. It can be glorified with curb- statistics can be checked to decide among groups or to qualify side trees and sidewalk benches for the sitting generation. Per- for appropriations and expenditures. However, broad surveys haps, as in Bedford-Stuyvesant, the streets could be closed to establish "What City People Want in Recreation" must be permanently, dirt filled, grass lined, and used. A new version of recognized as generalizations which fluctuate not just from city superblock develops- instead of the joint backyards of Rad- to city but from neighborhood to neighborhood; these surveys burn, a communal front yard for Inner City. Growing in number, should not be utilized as equally applicable to all neighbor- these greenstreets grow connectable. A brand new kind of hoods. linear park winds through the city in the beneficent fashion of Decentralization has been advocated for everything from a countryside greenbelt. Boards of Education to the Metropolitan Museum of Art. A We have taken city owned land that is so accessible to recreation department structure with control on the local level everyone whom it is to serve that it is already a habit; that has is more than a reasonable demand, it may be a solution. Thus a diversity of uses, the least of which being the one to which it far, urban recreation has developed in spite of negligent city is devoted -car storage; that is well protected by the windows governments. Apparently, people can show themselves a good which overlook it and the people who inhabit it; that is part of time without a Commissioner's aid. The infamous "needs" that an established maintenance system; that is geared to socializ- are so hard to determine from city hall are self-evident to a ing; that is viable for education (of skills through the renovation, local mother. of nature through the planting, of anything through eventual There have been some small scale attempts at local con- programming); that is the last remnant of open space in the city trol where the neighborhood is custodian of its own vest pocket scape -and we turn it into an amenity. park. In Philadelphia's program alone, the outcomes ranged This is not to say that a block park system is the solution from great to terrible. It was felt, however, that some getting to urban recreation and its problems. Rather, it is this kind of among the neighborhood sponsors would have been helpful to analysis that acknowledges the choices city people have al- the point of improvement. Further, it would give the people the ready made and assimilates those factors that apparently have strength to face the allocating agencies on equal footing. brought success. Surveys of available land and existing facilities are impor- Implementation of the park projects must be a fresh ap- tant, demonstrably so when correlated to age groups, median proach. The recipient community must be involved at all stages. incomes, and population density. These four items are to city A procedure should be established whereby residents can: recreation what acres per thousand are to non-urban recrea- request-when demand has not been spotted; plan-repre- tion, and probably more relevant. Walking distance radii com- sentatives of age groups to be served advise professionals; plement the total population and age density figures. A London build-from assembling the equipment to writing in the wet study showed that the distance people are willing to walk to cement; maintain-small repairs, general litter, on a rotational city parks is partly a function of the total number of people 147 In a trial of a street park, as with any experiment, it is very important to have more than one pilot project. Any conclusions drawn from one test run is a generalization drawn from the specific. By trying out several block parks or whatever at once, not only is a more valid study made with accounts for the ran- dom variables in communities, but more people are served sooner. The several initial trials under one jurisdiction is a far safer measure than results extracted from printed information which probably is outdated or distorted or plain lying. The best way to draw from recreation projects tried in another city is to speak directly with the person who ran it, with someone on the staff as well, in case Number One is too public relations minded himself, and also to speak with the people for whom the project was established. All projects so far have a shocking paucity of back-check- IN ing reports. This lack of continual reevaluation contributes to a large cause of failure, the same way that a lack of maintenance drags down the physical condition of a park at an increasing pace. An information maintenance system must be instituted or a program can fall apart the day after the press photogra- phersleave. Education, one of the terms of urban recreation, is far more than that. It is a separate entity that city people have specified as a highest priority demand. Thus, recreation that includes education is not only natural but is satisfying a much more important need than the call for playgrounds. The first within the zone of origin. This is not an excuse to lengthen the step is to establish programs in the parks rather than just radius per park, but an emphasis of need. Walking distance can installing facilities. The programs can range from sports in- pose a special dilemna in regard to the inner city; while it may struction to first aid to automechanics. Programs should be work well to estimate one neighborhood's needs, it can be quite available for adults as well and on a year-round basis. The irrelevant when the route a person is willing to walk is a matter effect of a good staff far outweighs the influence of equipment, of turfs, not crosswalks. both as teachers and motivators. - While the statistics of a survey and the answers to interest The process "Staffing" can bring in another educational questionnaires indicate general needs, they do not guarantee system: the training of local teens to become recreation success of a project. There must be a series of test runs that leaders. This was tried and proved successful in Phoenix, Ari- show whether the project will work in practice. The time, effort, zona (in a federal grant program which trained local youngsters and money given to any general poll belong to the projects for park leadership with the guarantee of employment) and in themselves, which will not only yield more reliable results, but Rochester, New York. In Stockholm, recreation leaders are also help people instead of pollsters. given the status and salary of teachers. This could fill a demand 148 for training, open a job market, and move the political payrol- larly local groups, should play on a regular basis, indoors and lees out of recreation positions. In 1967, four New York City out. They could be hired and paid, or compete for a monthly junior high schools offered a "Planning for Change Curriculum." monetary prize. The students surveyed their own neighborhoods (primarily for Television and movies can be utilized. Television has been housing and recreation facilities), pinpointed shortcomings, condoned by the British with plans to install sets in London discussed alternatives, and worked with legitimate officials for squares. City children could be given movie cameras and their improvement. films can be shown on their own city streets. Several small A logician's solution to the no recreation space problem scale projects have distributed equipment with terrific results. is a no recreation space program. There are Ins and Outs. The In one case, neighborhood mothers sewed together laundromat Outs transport city residents to fringe or farther parklands. donated sheets for a screen which hung down the facade from Bussing programs which have dealt with this have been limited the top windows of a row house. There is no rule that outdoor to children in the summertime. It is the type of recreation that movies must be spacewasting drive-ins. should be available to families together on a year-round basis. Many older cities are founded on waterways which have So far, the bussing has been as an organized trip, ostensibly not been exploited by recreation planners. Bicycle paths and because children are involved. Whether some bus pass system hiking trails can be developed on the banks within a compara- is workable must be tested. If people are not used to going to tively narrow margin. Inoperative boats, like the ferries off an out-of-town bus depot and going out of town, the chance for Hoboken, can be renovated to amusement ends. a bargain ride may be no inducement at all. Meeting friends on a corner, planning a meal for the family are a comfortable MV @ @:' @ transition to a local chartered bus. This, of course, must be tried several times in several places to be brought from logic to reality. The Ins are items brought into the city neighborhood, oblivious of the (non) space they find there. Jazz, pools, rides, and zoos are established presentations on wheels. Mobile thea- tres have a greater chance of success if local talent is recruited in advance to participate with and learn from the professionals. These forms of instant recreation, epitomized by the spray cap on a fire hydrant, balance on the narrow line between alleviation AvNI and demeaning placation. Programs should promise more than immediate effect. Derivatives of education are a vital element of urban recreation. The scope of recreation for the urban dweller needs a con- temporary reevaluation. The list makers have continually by- passed several modes. Sports clinics should be established regardless of season with volunteer help from famous names. Nashville offers mechanical and musical instruction on revamped urban park sites. Dancing is as serviceable as it is popular. Bands, particu- 149 Philadelphia, correlating the lack of space for schools The analysis that brought us to block parks also points to with the disposal value of the fixed classroom, divised the Park- community centers. This time we are reassured by the several way School; high school students attend classes in the various requests by neighborhood groups for such a building. It is con- buildings and institutions along the thoroughfare. Similarly, a comitant with the terms of urban recreation, offering a social recreation program in any season cc* coordinate the cities' center, an instructional center, a training center, a community resources into a peripatetic path. organization center, an all year center. Like an outdoor place, Education through recreation is not solely planned pro- it requires convenience, diversity, openness, staff, program- grams. The kind of analysis that combines urban habits and ming, maintenance, and people. Walls are no innovation in a urban needs developed the Adventure Playground. It is as city; and both sides affect urban recreation. challenging and instructive as city streets; it can be put virtually Standards for recreation should aid in the creation of op- anywhere, the less developed the better; it requires almost.no portunities. The choice to join friends, a program, a game; to capital investment, other than a very hip leader. The creative have ball fields, trees, control; to sit, to run, to create; to be and destructive impulses are catered to, instructive guidelines taught, to be alone, to be pleased. are available, not imposed. For the moneyman, it is as hard to pick which among these A very important aspect of urban recreation that has been is to be satisfied as it is to pick which among neighborhoods almost intentionally overlooked by oldtime recreation planners is to be funded. and funders is that a great deal of it goes on inside. In the sum- mer there are far more indoor activities in the city than in the The general demand seems to indicate the following prior- suburbs-sitting through the same movie twice in an air-condi- ities: having control, then, having equipment; having programs, tioned theatre is a July afternoon of swimming and boating to then having open space; having something to leave the city for, the suburban kid; in the winter there are virtually no outdoor then, having a way to get there; having for a long time to come, sports in the city -what is snow and sleigh rides to commuters' then having right now. children is slush and pinball downtown. What must be done is to try things. V_ 4 IMF low 1111W 'A. 150 LEGISLATION AND RELATED ACTIONS Since the completion of the original Statewide Compre- The Department of Conservation and Economic Develop- hensive Outdoor Recreation Plan in 1967, New Jersey has ment ceases to exist as such although its functions will be taken bold steps forward, through effective, far reaching continued, those dealing with ecology and conservation being legislation to protect and preserve its environment in order to a part of the new department and those pertaining to economic enhange the quality of life for its citizens. Some of the recom- development being transferred to the Department of Labor and mendations presented in the previous plan were enacted into Industry. Advisory councils of the respective units are similarly law -Flood Plain Control Act and the Green Acres Bond Act of transferred. 1971 authorizing a public referendum for the issuance of bonds A later reorganization put all aspects of water supply and totaling $80 million to finance public open space acquisition. quality into a new Division of Water Resources. This included the bureaus of Water Control, Water Facility Operations, Geol- ogy, Water Pollution Control, Potable Water, and Water Re- Legislation sources Planning and Management. The reorganization also created a Division of Environ- The Department of Environmental Protection Act of 1970 mental Quality which besides regulating air pollution codes, (N.J.S.A. 13:1 D-1 et seq.) adopted April 22, 1970 (Earth Day). includes control over the bureaus of Radiation Protection, On Earth Day, April 22, Governor William T. Cahill signed Solid Waste Management, Office of Pesticide Control and Noise into law legislation creating a new department in New Jersey Control Program. State Government called the Department of Environmental The Division of Marine Services brought together the Protection. The legislation became effective May 2. Bureaus of Navigation, Marine Lands Management and Marine The new department consists of units previously attached Law Enforcement, plus supervision of the Marine Police Acade- to the Department of Conservation and Economic Development my and administration of riparian lands. and the State Department of Health. The Division of Clean Air Bureaus within the Division of Fish, Game and Shellfish- and Water, formerly in the State Department of Health, is now eries include Wildlife Management, Fisheries Management, transferred to the Department of Environmental Protection and Fish and Game Coordination and Law Enforcement. Activities renamed. The purpose of creating the new department is to include deer management and propagation and the state fish unite under one administrator all the State's major functions in hatchery and quail farm. behalf of environmental protection and to avoid unnecessary The Division of Parks and Forestry administers the duplication of activites. bureaus of Parks, Forestry supervises -reforestation, the pres- 151 ervation of historic sites, and has a forest fire protection to facilities in outlying areas. The second type of acquisition is section. for the purchase of land with unique ecological value; a third Special programs carried on by the department include the aspect is the purchase of land to complete major state projects development of reservoirs and the acquisition of lands for water begun under earlier bond issues. supply, recreation and open space needs. The public plays an important role in formulating policies Water Conservation Bond Act adopted by the Legislature July and activities of the department, At present there are 18 statu- 2, 1969 and approved by the voters November 1969 (P.L. 1969 tory citizen councils representing both the public at large and -Ch. 127). specialized groups associated with various disciplines used by The growth of population and the expansion of industrial the department. development together with the inadequacy of sewerage sys- tems and water supply facilities contribute in large part to water New Jersey Green Acres Bond Act of 1971, approved by the pollution in New Jersey. The adverse effects of water pollution Legislature May 26, 1971 and approved by the voters November resulting from these inadequacies have to be combatted on a 1971 (P.L. 1971 -Ch. 165). comprehensive regional basis in order to provide an environ- New Jersey's strategic location in relation to the New York ment conducive to the health, safety, and welfare of the citi- and Philadelphia metropolitan areas and its resultant desi-r- zens. The Water Conservation Bond Act authorizes the creation ability as a site for industrial and residential development, has of a debt of the State by the issuance of bonds for the planning, placed tremendous stress on the remaining open space in the acquisition, construction, and maintenance of reservoir and State. To provide for open space acquisition across a broad sewerage facilities to achieve a healthy environment for all. range of land uses for recreation and conservation purposes, The Act also provides ways and means to pay the debt interest the Green Acres Program has been established. and to pay and discharge the principal thereof. The Green Acres Program has two main ob ectives: (1) to The bond issue was in the amount of $271,000,000 of assist counties and municipalities in New Jersey ito obtain local which $29,000,000 is for planning and site acquisition for water community recreation lands; and (2) to enable the State to supply facilities at seven sites and $242,000,000 for the con- acquire significant areas for recreation and conservation. The struction of waste water treatment facilities. The latter figure Program is financed by bond issues approved by public referen- represents the State's 25% share of the eligible costs of con- dum. The initial bond issue in 1961 appropriated $60,000,000 of struction which is a prerequisite for the 55% to be provided by which $40,000,000 was for state acquisition and $20,000,000 the Federal Government through the Federal Water Pollution was for reimbursement to counties and municipalities for one- Control Act. half the money they spent on their own acquisition. Although The Wetlands Act of 1970 (N.J.S.A. 13:9A-1 et seq.) adopted over 100,000 acres of open space were acquired under the November 5, 1970. 1961 Program, much potential acreage was not able to be funded because of the exhaustion of the bond issue. Signing of the Wetlands Act by Governor Cahill on Novem- To continue and improve the work of the 1961 Program, a ber 5, 1970 was one of the most important steps ever taken to second bond issue was approved by the State's voters in No- protect New Jersey's natural resources. The purpose of the vember 1971 for $80,000,000-the New Jersey Green Acres Act is to promote the public safety, health and welfare, to Bond Issue of 1971. Emphasis of the 1971 program gives first protect public and private property, wildlife, marine fisheries priority to buying lands for recreation opportunities for the and the natural environment. These goals will be furthered by urban population, especially those people who can not travel the preservation of the ecological balance of the wetlands and 152 by preventing the area's continued deterioration and destruc- natural values. The results have been environmental deteriora- tion. To accomplish this the Act requires the State Department tion, economic loss, and loss of life. The Flood Plain Control of Environmental Protection to set regulations controlling future Act recognizes the need for a reversal of past philosophies so use of areas defined as coastal wetlands. that flood plains can be judged not on their real estate value but For the purposes of this Act, wetlands are defined as any on their ability to safely conduct existing and anticipated flood bank, marsh, swamp, meadow, flat or other lowland subject to flows and on their auxiliary values- accumulating soil nutrients, tidal action and upon which grow certain species of grass and and providing for natural stream channel configuration, recre- plants. The Act includes the Atlantic Ocean coastal strip from ational uses, agricultural uses, open space, and fauna and flora Sandy Hook to Cape May, the coastal inland waterways ex- habitat. tending southerly from Manasquan Inlet to Cape May Harbor, This Act gives the Department of Environmental Protection the Delaware Bay and Delaware River, Raritan Bay, Barnegat the authority to share in the regulation of development in flood Bay, Sandy Hook Bay, Shrewsbury River including Navesink prone areas of the State by delineating, after public hearings, River and Shark River. When boundaries are defined, it is these areas and then publishing controls applicable to those expected that the wetlands will total between 335,000 and areas most likely to be flooded. These controls will require that 400,000 acres. Specifically exempted are those lands under the the lands can be developed only in a manner compatible with jurisdiction of the Hackensack Meadowlands Development their natural purpose ofconducting flood waters. Local author- Commission. ities would be given one year to adopt zoning regulations in The Act requires the Commissioner of the Department of accordance with state guidelines for the remaining delineated Environmental Protection to make an inventory and maps of all areas, otherwise the State would assume primary responsibility. wetlands within two years of the effective date of the Act. The The Act recognizes that land is both a commodity and a Commissioner is also directed to establish regulations restrict- limited resource which must be utilized appropriately so that ing or prohibiting dredging, filling, removing or otherwise alter- not only will the environment be protected from exploitation by ing, or polluting coastal wetlands. man, but that man will be protected from exploitation by the Before these regulations are adopted, a public hearing environment. must be held in the county where the affected wetlands are located. Any person wishing to conduct a regulated activity within the regulated area must apply for a permit with the Com- Clean Ocean Act (N.J.S.A. 58:10-23-25 et seq.) adopted June missioner of the Department of Environmental Protection. If the 1, 1971. permit provisions are ignored or violated, facilities for legal enforcement are provided in the form of fines and restoration The Clean Ocean Act formally recognizes the threats from costs. pollution and authorizes the New Jersey Department of Environ- mental Protection to adopt rules and regulations for the disposal Flood Plain Control Act (N.J.S.A. 58:16A-50 et seq.) adopted of sludge and other waste materials. Control over these opera- December 14, 1972. tions will be achieved through a system of licenses and permits regulating the handling of wastes within the State, as well as Past flood plain management has been deficient in that it their loading onto barges. has been occupied with reclamation for development purposes Regulations will have two purposes. One will be to gather without consideration of the increased magnitude of flood flows data on the scope, size and practices of existing ocean dump- which have resulted as bordering open lands have been con- ing methods. The other will be to impose an outright ban on verted to asphalt and concrete; it has been incompatible with ocean disposal of dangerous wastes, especially those for which 153 Youth Conservation and Recreational Development Projects certain Environmental Education Curriculum Research and Act (N.J.S.A. 9:24-8 et seq.) adopted July 9, 1968. Development Centers which, in addition to their research and The purpose of the Youth Conservation and Recreational curriculum development activities, also provide the school Development Projects Act is to provide immediate impact on districts, local environmental commissions, and environmental urban areas in the field of recreational opportunities. Major interest groups with services ranging from consultation and emphasis to date has been placed on the bussing program in teacher training to demonstration pilot programs and curricu- which, after the sponsoring agency certifies the trip, the State lum and facilities development. makes payments directly to the carrier for the bussing services provided. The Commissioner of Environmental Protection is The New Jersey American Revolution Bicentennial Celebration authorized to make 100% grants to provide transportation for Act (N.J.S.A. 52:9P-1 et seq.) adopted March 2, 1973. "disadvantaged youth" into state parks and forests. Because The New Jersey American Revolution Bicentennial Cele- of the capacity inadequacies of state recreational facilities to bration Act will be the means of commemorating the significant handle all groups funded, transportation provisions have been role which New Jersey played during the period of the American extended to other recreational and cultural facilities in New Revolution and in the subsequent development of the United Jersey and metropolitan Philadelphia and New York. States. In addition to the bussing program, the Act provides for 50- The Act establishes in the, Department of Education a 50 matching funds to municipalities and counties for the pur- twenty-two member New Jersey Bicentennial Celebration chase and installation of recreational facilities and equipment. Commission with the Governor as honorary chairman. This Grants have been authorized to the New Jersey Department of Commission is empowered to plan and coordinate an overall Community Affairs for a Joint Youth Conservation Project on statewide program in cooperation with cities, counties, regions, the Delaware and Raritan Canal in Trenton. and other appropriate public and private agencies. The Com- To implement the program, the Legislature has appropri- mission's duties also include cooperation with the Federal ated $500,000 per fiscal year on an annual basis. American Revolution Bicentennial Commission in coordinating commemorative activities in the State. Environmental Education Act (N.J.S.A. 18A:6-80 et seq.) The Act authorizes the Commission to remain in existence, adopted August 4, 1971. together with the provisions of the Act, until June 30, 1984. To promote an environmentally sensitive citizenry, knowl- edgeable regarding their interdependence with and responsi- Liability Limitation Act (N.J.S.A. 2A:42A-2 et seq.) adopted bility for the total environment through improved environmental June 21, 1968. education is the aim of the Environmental Education Act. This One of the myriad of problems connected with the provi- Act authorizes the Commissioner of Education to promote the sion of recreation facilities on private lands is the fear by the establishment and operation of local public and private ele- owners that any injury or fatality resulting from the use of these mentary and secondary school environmental education pro- facilities will entail a law suit against them. The purpose of the grams. In conjunction with the Commissioner of Environmental Liability Limitation Act of 1968 is to assure the owner, lessee, Protection, the Commissioner of Education is authorized to or occupant of private lands which are utilized for sport and develop and operate Regional Environmental Education Centers recreation activities in certain cases that he does not assume and facilities which will aid in developing environmental educa- responsibility or incur liability for any injury or fatality to the tion programs in each school district. This Act also designates person or property utilizing his premises. 156 This Act does not limit the liability resulting from willful or adoption and enforcement of regulations governing the sale, malicious negligence on the part of the owners or resulting on use and applications of all pesticides." land for which a fee is charged over and above the fee paid to The same Act provides for the establishment of a nine- the owner by the State. member Pesticide Control Council to advise the Department of Environmental Protection in matters of pesticide control, regu- lation and use, and designates the School of Agriculture of Appalachian Trail Acquisition and Maintenance Act (N.J.S.A. Rutgers, the State University, as a primary source of technical 13:8-29 et seq.) adopted March 7, 1973. and research assistance for the Department. Virtually all of the 2,050 mile Appalachian Trail stretching Membership of the council consists of six public members from Georgia to Maine yvill be under public protection shortly. plus the New Jersey Secretary of Agriculture, Commissioner of The segments of the trail which pass through High Point State Health and the Dean of the College of Agriculture and Environ- Park and Stokes State Forest are already under public owner- mental Science of Rutgers University. The public members ship and the section extending from the lower boundary of include one farmer, one toxicologist, 'one ecologist and three Stokes State Forest to the trail's crossing into Pennsylvania at members representing the public-at-large. Public members are the Delaware Water Gap will be acquired by the National Park appointed by the Governor and he selects the chairman and Service as part of the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation vice chairman from among them. Area. A sixteen mile section of the trail extending from High Point State Park to Abram S. Hewitt State Forest will not be Noise Control Act (N.J.S.A. 18AG-1 et seq.) adopted January protected without public action. This Act authorizes the Depart- 24,1972. ment of Environmental Protection to acquire easements over the unprotected segments of the Appalachian Trail in New Under the Noise Control Act, signed into law by Governor Jersey. William T. Cahill on January 24, 1972, the Department of Envi- ronmental Protection is empowered to control the generation of those levels of noise in the community which are or tend to be The Pesticide Control Act of 1971 (N.J.S.A. 13AF-1 et seq.) injurious to human health or welfare or would unreasonably adopted June 1, 1971. interfere with the enjoyment of life or property. The directive of the Pesticide Control Act of 1971 is that The Act also established a thirteen-member Noise Control regulations be established for controlling the sale, purchase, Council. Its duties are to review noise problems and suggest transportation, labeling and use of any pesticide in New Jersey corrective measures to the Department. It can veto regulations which might cause adverse effects on man or the environment. proposed by the Commissioner. Regulations will apply to everyone: home gardeners, farm- ers, orchardists and professional pesticide applicators as well Waste Control Act (N.J.S.A. 13:11-1 et seq.) adopted February as public agencies under the jurisdiction of state, county or 21, 1973. local governments. A section of the Act states, "Pesticides have been of value In an effort to conserve New Jersey's dwindling supply of in preventing the outbreak of diseases and assuring bountiful land suitable for solid waste disposal, the Waste Control Act production of agricultural crops, however, indiscriminate use was enacted by the New Jersey Legislature. The Act provides of pesticides in this State would constitute a serious threat to for the control and regulation of the disposal within the State the environment; this threat can be eliminated only by the of solid and liquid waste collected outside of New Jersey. 157 Executive Orders tion and provision of staff services in matters relating to state physical development. Creation of a State Planning Task Force, Executive Order #40, Creation of an Advisory Council on the Future of the State adopted December 22, 1972. As the most densely populated state in the nation, New To further the recognition of the role of the environment in Jersey realizes that it is faced with major decisions regarding the development of the State and its resources, Governor its future. Decisions made now concerning the environment William T. Cahill has established a State Planning Task Force to and permissible development will shape the State's future for guide in coordinating state programs and activities which have generations to come. These decisions must not be based solely an impact on the environment and growth of New Jersey. The on economics; they should be formulated with specific goals in Task Force is authorized to prepare and maintain a compre- mind. hensive state physical development plan, to advise the Gover- The Advisory Council on the Future of the State has been nor on Land use program impacts, to review the relationship created by Governor Cahill to look at the State's future and between the state capital development program and the make value judgments on the kind and degree of future physical development program, to coordinate federal planning development in the State. The Council's recommendations on reviews, to assure integration of state planning policies with the specific measures necessary to achieve the desired goals interstate planning agency plans, and to provide for coordina- will be submitted to the Governor for his consideration. 71 A 4 VIA 4 P L Pit'" I @ 1, 1 r -- 4, @@t A A, ik, r P@ "Pay JJ t2 158 ACTION PLAN In the preceding chapters, New Jersey's supply of recrea- Philadelphia metropolitan centers, New Jersey has had almost tion resources, areas and facilities has been evaluated and a 400% increase in population from 1,834,000 in 1900 to related to the present and projected demands for recreation 7,192,455 in 1970. Today, New Jersey leads the nation as the opportunities to derive the State's existing and future needs for most densely populated state with 954 persons per square mile. recreation. The information gained through this process forms This population increase and the growing affluence of the the basis for the Action Program presented in this chapter. The nation's society have combined to impose an almost unbear- program is designed to be responsive to the needs of the State's able pressure on both public and private recreation facilities citizens and to address the problems hindering provision . of and open space resources. In New Jersey, for instance, it is adequate outdoor recreation opportunities and a quality living estimated that the total outdoor recreation demand on the environment. average weekend day in the peak season will reach nearly This chapter includes a presentation of the major recom- 6,533,400 people by 1985 and 9,172,100 by the year 2000. mendations regarding implementation programs; a statement These figures represent a gain of over 1.8 million people and of priorities guiding future actions; a discussion of scheduled 4.5 million people, respectively, over 1970. federal, interstate, state, county and municipal acquisition In view of the intense competition for public funds, it and development programs; an analysis of the funding sources for the scheduled action programs; proposals for new funding appears highly unlikely that New Jersey's total needs for devel- programs; and a description of favorable pending and proposed oped recreation facilities and open space land will be met in legislation relating to outdoor recreation and the environment. the immediate future by massive, concurrent development and acquisition programs. More logically, the State's needs will be satisfied through a series of programs requiring a number of years and large sums of money to complete. It follows that, since limited funds prevent fulfillment of all needs at once, Priorities aud programs which meet the State's most pressing needs should Reemnineintildations receive priority; this requires application of a system which objectively analyzes the merits of projects and permits the ranking of proposals in order of importance. Allocation of The demand for outdoor recreation areas and facilities in funds is then based upon the results of the priority system New Jersey, as elsewhere, is growing at a fantastic rate. Due analysis, with the highest ranking project receiving attention in large part to the State's proximity to the New York and first. 159 PRIORITIES 3. Applying jurisdiction's open space and recreation facility development roles and responsibilities. STATEWIDE ACOUISITION AND 4. Project's relationship to state, regional and local land use DEVELOPMENT PRIORITIES and open space plans. As part of the statewide comprehensive planning program, Recreation Facility Development Priorities priorities were developed for acquisition and development 1 . Projects easily accessible to urban populations. actions proposed by all jurisdictions from the Federal Govern- 2. Multi-use projects offering a wide variety of facilities. ment to municipalities and recreation commissions. These 3. Projects to serve the needs of all groups including the priorities are designed to serve as general guidelines in the elderly and physically handicapped. planning and implementation of recreation and open space 4. Upgrading and reclaiming environmental resources for rec- projects across the State in order to encourage the proper reation uses. distribution of funds and the design of projects which Recreation Facility Development Priority Considerations will focus on the State's most pressing human needs and envi- 1 . Compatibility of the proposed development to the environ- ronmental concerns as identified in this plan. For each of the mental character of the site. two categories, priority considerations were developed along 2. Regional and statewide recreation facility needs. with the priorities to aid in judging the relative merits of 3. Accessibility of the projects to the groups they are intended proposed projects and insure consistency with the funding and to serve. recommendations of this plan. 4. Facility development roles and responsibilities of the ju- Open Space Acquisition Priorities risdiction proposing the project. 1 . Urban open space. 5. Ability of the applying jurisdiction to operate and maintain the facilities and to promote maximum use by the public. 2. Significant natural and cultural resources including out- 6. Optimum use of the site's natural features. standing scenic resources, coastal beaches and wetlands, 7. Existence of recreation and open space master plans. natural areas with rare or unique biotic communities, poten- 8. Relation of project to other recreation areas offering similar tial reservoir sites, aquifer recharge areas, flood plains and opportunities. historic sites. 3.. Most desirable recreation development sites. 4. Public access to recreation resources with unrealized LAND AND WATER CONSERVATION potential such as bays, rivers, lakes, and existing publicly FUND PRIORITY SYSTEM owned open space areas. In the early stages of the Land and Water Conservation 5. Private inholdings and bufferlands to protect the integrity of existing open space areas. Fund Program, it was possible to fund applications on a "first- 6. Open space in areas experiencing rapid growth rates. come, first-serve" basis after project feasibility studies had been completed. The program has gained momentum and a Acquisition Priority Considerations constantly increasing number of requests and applications are 1. Degree of threat of disruptive development to the project received from municipalities and counties. Because of the area. limited amount of funds available it is impossible to fund every 2. Regional open space and recreation facility needs indenti- project proposed. Therefore, it becomes desirable to fund first fled in this plan. those projects which are more worthwhile than others. 160 In order to assure the equitable distribution of available 6. Roles and Responsibilities: (a) the extent to which the applying 30 funds and the fair evaluation of each project, a priority system jurisdiction is proposing a project which is recommended for was devised in 1968 using demand and needs data from the that level of government under the roles and responsibilities 1966 New Jersey Compreherfsive Outdoor Recreation Plan. In discussion of this Plan; and (b) the extent to which the apply- 15 this system, points were assigned to several pertinent factors ing jurisdiction's responsibilities for each activity needs within based on the importance of each factor as compared with the region are being met by the proposed project. the other factors. 7. Rate of Growth: if the applying jurisdiction has a high pop- 12 Each project,was evaluated in terms of these factors and ulation growth rate, it will be given special consideration. a "score" for that project was determined and was compared 8. Site Preparation and Landscaping Costs: the portion of the 8 to scores given other projects in the same manner. An attempt project's total cost devoted to site preparation and land- was made to determine in the most objective manner possible scaping will be determined with a high rating given to projects the relative merits of each proposed project. with the lowest site costs. Based on the use of the priority system over the past four 9. Type of Facilities Provided: the extent to which the proposed 5 years and the delineation of statewide priorities, revisions have project provides basic facilities as opposed to elaborate, spe- been made in some of the original factors, some of the points cialized facilities. were changed and some new factors added. The new priority 10. Age Groups Provided For: the extent to which the proposed 5 system draws upon the plan's updated supply and demand project provides activities for one or more age groups with analysis, the discussion of roles and responsibilities and in- highest points going to the project providing facilities for all formation compiled by the Urban Needs Study. age groups. 11. Needs'of the Underprivileged: the extent to which the pro- 15 Land and Water Conservation Fund Priority System posed project provides for the special needs of the elderly, the economically disadvantaged and the mentally or physically Max. No. of handicapped. No. Factor Description Points 12. Additional Features Provided: the extent to which the pro- 10 posed project provides special features, such as drinking 1. 1985 Activity Need by Region: the extent to which the 15 fountains, etc. proposed project provides the type of activities most needed 13. Urban Needs: the applying jurisdiction is evaluated to deter- by the region in which the project is located. mine (a) gross population, (b) population density, (c) regional 10,10,15 2. 1985 Activity Need Statewide: the extent to which the pro- 15 percent urbanization, (d) the need for certain types of urban 15 posed project provides the type of activities most needed to facilities based on the Urban Needs Study, and (e) percent 10 meet the need of the State as a whole for that activity. urbanization within the intended service area. 3. 1985 Activity Need by Percent: the extent to which the pro- 4 posed project provides the type of activities most needed in terms of percent of need for those activities within the region. RECOMMENDATIONS 4. Service Area and Accessibility: (a) the extent to which the 8 proposed project falls within the particular jurisdiction's ser- GENERAL vice area; and (b) the extent,to which the proposed project 10 is accessible by public or private transportation to residents 0 In general, all levels of government should emphasize open of the intended service area. space acquisition to preserve recreation resources that 5. Special and Innovative Facilities: facilities not included in the 10 would otherwise be lost for future public use while continuing first three factors are evaluated here. to develop recreation areas in an orderly manner. 161 � Each successive level of government should retain a greater 0 Appropriate funds for the implementation of the Federal percentage of open space holdings in an undeveloped state Coastal Zone Land Management Act which provides federal for conservation purposes., assistance to states in developing and maintaining land and � Each level of government, consistent with its assigned re- water use programs for the coastal zone. sponsibilities, should provide the recreation facilities required * Develop the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area to accommodate the unmet recreation demands identified in to accommodate a maximum annual rate of visitation of four the Needs Chapter. million and restore provisions for family campground devel- � Priority should be given to park and recreation areas that will opment to the recreation plan. be easily accessible to the people who are expected to use 0 Expedite the development of the Gateway National Recrea- the areas. tion Area along the lines authorized by Congress. � All levels of government should expand existing funding pro- 0 Endeavor to make available under the Surplus Property Pro- grams for recreation development and open space acquisi- gram federal properties more meaningful in terms of poten- tion, and establish new funding sources where needed. tial for park and recreation use, especially in urban areas, � In keeping with the ecological balance of areas, expand ex- in line with the Legacy of Parks Program. isting and establish new nature interpretive facilities and 0 Continue to make available for general public hunting use programs. under sound wildlife management practices defined areas � In general, each successive level of government should as- within the extensive federal military holdings and expand the sume a greater responsibility for providing larger areas of program to include other federal military properties where open space. the potential exists. 0 Open federal properties, where permissible, to public fishing FEDERAL GOVERNMENT use. � Continue and expand matching grant programs providing 0 1 ncrease the funding level of the Recreation Support Program funds to State and local governments for acquisition and de- and revise the scope of the program to include smaller urban velopment of open space and recreation areas while provid- centers in need. ing a sufficient level of revenue sharing funding to permit the 0 Provide additional funds for the Youth Recreation Sports Pro- State and local governments to allocate a portion of the funds gram so that more institutions of higher education may be to recreational uses, especially maintenance and operation, stimulated to operate recreation programs using college fa- along with the other permitted uses. cilities for disadvantaged youth and the programs can be � Continue and expand funding programs for the planning and extended to year-round operations. construction of water pollution abatement facilities. 0 Passage of the proposal that would designate a 4,250 acre � Integrate recreation planning as a significant part of inter- section of the Brigantine National Wildlife Refuge as a com- state and regional planning. ponent of the National Wilderness Preservation System. � Expand responsibilities to include providing sizable STATE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION recreation areas in close proximity to large urban complexes of high population density. Actively promote and support proposed legislation and � Continue establishing and maintaining a recreational open programs that would have favorable environmental con- space system embracing areas and sites of national interest sequences such as state, regional, and local land use regu- and concern. lations and air and water anti-pollution legislation. 162 � Establish new sources of funds for local and state open * Continue to develop multiple use reservoir areas such as space acquisition and recreation facility development. Spruce Run, Round Valley, Six Mile Run, Allamuchy, and � Continue to integrate recreation planning as part of total Allaire. state land use planning. 0 Administer significant areas of open space relative to con- � Provide recreation programs and areas which serve all seg- servation, water management, and outdoor recreation ments of the State's population including the economically activities which require extensive lands. and physically handicapped, and encourage other levels 0 Support legislation that would relieve the property tax burden of government to provide similar programs and facilities. from non-profit conservation and environmental groups hold- � Establish state park and recreation areas within or in close ing open space for preservation purposes. proximity to urban areas. 0 Encourage the use of innovative techniques in urban areas to � Protect the ecological balance along the coastal zones meet recreation space, facility, and program needs. through effective implementation of the Wetlands Act, Clean 0 Encourage the Department of Transportation to consider the Ocean Act, and related programs, and rigorous enforcement recreation needs of urban dwellers and the location of the of the State's riparian laws and regulations. State's recreation facilities in mass transit planning. � Actively pursue a program designed to utilize the recreation- 0 Assist local governments to preserve and protect existing al potential of the State's inland and coastal surface water re- and potential open space from despoliation resulting from sources including cooperation with counties and municipali- incompatible development. ties to provide local opportunities. 0 Provide technical assistance to the private sector on habitat � Continue providing the administrative framework for water improvement programs. quality management programs, funding for the construction 0 Encourage utilization of available land use techniques such of new water pollution abatement facilities and the upgrading as planned unit development, cluster development, and new of existing facilities, and enforcing the State Water Pollution community development in an effort to retain significant statutes. open space. � Step up programs to acquire the remaining rapidly disap- 0 Encourage public and private agencies to establish new and pearing natural areas of significance. expand existing nature interpretive facilities and programs � Protect significant natural and historic features by acquisi- and assist these agencies by providing technical assistance. tion, legislation or other effective methods. 0 Encourage other levels of government and the private sector � Establish a state system of scenic and recreational rivers to to meet their recreation facility and open space responsibili- protect and preserve the remaining unspoiled segments of ties. rivers and streams in the State. 0 Work with privately and publicly owned watersheds to en- � Establish a statewide system of interconnecting trails. courage multiple use of reservoirs and adjoining lands for � Continue to provide outdoor recreation facilities and open public recreational purposes. space areas of broad popular appeal with user fees within 0 Work with utility companies to develop rights-of-way for the financial capability of users. hiking, horseback riding, and other recreation pursuits. � Conduct research on various aspects of outdoor recreation 0 Continue to enter into long-term lease agreements of state pertaining to New Jersey and make the results of such inves- lands for development and operation by the private sector of tigations available to public and private agencies. specialized facilities beyond the financial capabilities of the 163 State to provide, similar to the ones held by Great Gorge and meeting community recreation needs and develop programs Vernon Valley ski resorts. which maximize the use of available recreation resources. � Increase the supply of fish and wildlife through expanded 0 Identify and use all available recreation resources including rearing, stocking, and habitat improvement programs. lands and buildings under the control of local boards of edu- � Cooperate with the Department of Transportation in a study cation. of the feasibility of purchasing wider rights-of-way for new 0 Provide for citizen participation in the planning for recreation highway construction to enable development of linear parks facilities. and trails with picnicking and overnight transient facilities. 0 Adhere to sound land use principles which recognize the in- � Cooperate with the Department of Transportation in the study compatibility of certain uses and the necessity of retaining of existing highway rights-of-way for linear park and trail natural elements for a quality living environment. development. 0 Investigate the feasibility of using innovative techniques to � Encourage the Department of Transportation to incorporate meet urban recreation space, facility and program needs. walkways and parking areas for anglers in new bridge con- * Investigate innovative land use techniques such as planned struction. unit development, new communities -and cluster development � Construct the planned trout hatchery at Pequest. and the methods established by state legislation and legal precedent to control development and retain open space. COUNTY GOVERNMENT * Recognize the valuable contributions of privately owned � Acquire, develop, maintain, and operate recreation areas to recreation facilities in terms of open space and outdoor serve the outdoor recreation needs of county residents. recreation and zone such properties accordingly, to avoid in- � Use a portion of the federal revenue sharing funds to aug- advertently driving the establishments out of business through high property taxes. ment the recreation budget for open space acquisition, Cooperate with the State and counties to develop the recrea- facility development and maintenance and operation pro- tional potential of water bodies. grams. � Provide intensely developed recreation facilities to supple- ment municipal park systems and more extensive facilities PRIVATE SECTOR such as golf courses and hiking trails to serve on an inter- community basis. Non-profit conservation and environmental groups should � Cooperate with the State to develop the recreation potential continue to acquire open space for preservation purposes, of the water bodies in the county. especially areas of ecological significance. Farmers and other private large tract owners, in keeping MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT with ecological limitations to carrying capacity, should con- sider opening their lands to general public recreational use � Provide and administer intensely developed, user-oriented in view of the state legislation relieving the private owner facilities easily accessible to the local population. from liability except in cases of gross negligence or the � Use a portion of the federal revenue sharing funds to aug- charging of fees for use. ment the recreation budget for open space acquisition, facil- Private commercial enterprises should develop day use and ity development and maintenance and operation programs. overnight recreation facilities such as lake swimming and � Recognize the importance of recreation programming in campgrounds where favorable market conditions exist. 164 � Non-profit conservation and environmental groups should cisions based on the suitability of the site for the defined need develop nature education and research centers to utilize the and the accessibility of the site to the potential users. potential of their holdings. Federal-During the seven year period from 1971-77, the � Upon relief of the property tax burden, the private commer- prime acquisition thrust will be at the Delaware Water Gap cial sector should undertake development of extensive rec- National Recreation Area in the Northwest Region where reation facilities such as golf courses and campgrounds. 30,290 acres of land will be acquired. The North Central Region will benefit from the acquisition of 412 acres at the Great Swamp National Wildlife Refuge. In the North Shore Region, Seheduled Program of Aetion the Barnegat National Wildlife Refuge will be enlarged by 1,849 acres and the 1,700 acre Sandy Hook unit of the Gateway 1971-1977 National Recreation Area will be created. It should be noted that federal programs do not attempt to coordinate with the re- The needs for outdoor recreation opportunities in the State gional recreation needs of the State; the selection of sites for of New Jersey are both great and varied. In order to make UP National Recreation Areas, National Historic Parks, and Nation- for the deficiencies in the present recreation supply and to al Wildlife Refuges are based on the outstanding qualities provide for the ever growing needs of the State, an orderly pro- significant enough to warrant national consideration. gram for both the acquisition of land and development of Sandy Hook facilities must be continued by a coordinated effort on all levels of government. The scheduled program of action indicates what progress can be made in meeting the State's needs over the next seven year period. The chief determent in the scheduled program of action will be the availability of capital funds. Further constraints within the action period are both time limitations and manpower capabilities. LAND AC9"SITION PROGRAM The basic component and common denominator of all rec- reational activity is space, either land or water. The total State need in terms of land to be acquired by all jurisdictions at the year 1985 is slightly over 300,000 acres. The projected acqui- @Aa sition program in the seven year action period provides for the acquisition of 129,705 acres. (See Table 1.) Despite the accelerated land acquisition program as the ";z, W_,@wr result of the $80 million Green Acres Bond Issue of 1971, it is evident that available funds will not be sufficient to complete- ly fulfill the growing need. Therefore, selectivity in identifying high priority acquisition is essential. Each level of government will carefully analyze its land needs and make acquisition de- 165 TABLE 1: SCHEDULED LAND ACOUISITION PROGRAM 0 Degree of threat of disruptive development to the proposed 1971-1977 project area; (acres) 0 Regional open space and recreation facility needs; Jurisdiction 0 Project's suitability based on agency's roles and responsi- Region Municipal County State Federal Total bilities for acquisition and development; 0 Project's relationship to state, regional, and local land use Northwest 1,283 1,4,13 16,424 30,800 49,920 and open space plans. North Central 2,992 115 7,552 192 10,851 Northeast 696 1,952 714 3,362 After careful consideration of the above priority factors, Central Corridor 1,755 1,273 4,754 7,782 the State is currently proceeding on an implementation program North Shore 2,474 1,537 8,618 4,832 16,919 to acquire the highest priority lands necessary to fulfill the Southwest 723 0 8,143 8,866 South Shore 838 80 22,821 582 24,321 established recreation needs. At the end of the action period,* Delaware Bay 113 871 3,793 2,365 7,142 the State will have acquired approximately 73,000 acres. The State Totals 10,874 7,241 72,819 38,771 129,705 following is a listing of the state projects approved under the Green Acres Program as of January 1, 1973: Assigned Project Name* Region Jurisdiction Acres State-Although the State will expend $40 million on land Spruce Run/Clinton Northwest Parks & Forestry 226 acquisition as the result of the second Green Acres Bond Issue, Pitstown/ Landsdowne Northwest Fish & Game 45 the total needs for land cannot be met with available state and Delaware River Northwest & P&F & F&G 315 federal funding. Therefore land acquisition priorities were Access Sites Central Corridor developed to assure the best possible expenditure of available Allamuchy Mt. Northwest P&F 3678 funds in meeting the State's recreation and open space needs. Pequest Northwest F&G 170 The following priorities were applied to the State's proposed Wawayanda Northwest & P&F 4186 acquisition program for the action period. The order of listing North Central does not necessarily reflect the degree of importance. Ringwood additions North Central P&F 463 Black River North Central F&G 282 � Areas possessing significant natural and cultural resources Assunpink Central Corridor F&G 1400 including outstanding scenic resources, coastal beaches and Princeton Battlefield Central Corridor P&F 77 wetlands, natural areas with rare or unique biotic communi- Washington Crossing Central Corridor P&F 25 ties, potential reservoir sites, aquifer recharge areas, flood Manasquan River Area North Shore P&F 1900 plains and historic sites; Monmouth additions North Shore P&F 170 � Urban open space; Cape May Wetlands South Shore P&F & F&G 5051 � Most desirable recreation development sites reflecting Rancocas additions Southwest P&F 239 physical suitability and public accessibility; Sims Southwest P&F 3000 � Public access to recreation resources with unrealized poten- Delaware Bay Wetlands Delaware Bay F&G 2283 tial such as bays, rivers, lakes, and existing publicly owned During the latter part of the action period the State will open space areas; identify additional acquisition projects meeting the priority � Private inholdings and bufferlands to protect the integrity of existing open space areas; Appendix Q map entitled, "Major Public Open Space and Recreation Areas � Open space in areas experiencing rapid growth rate; in New Jersey" shows the locations of these state acquisition projects. 166 .7 becoming more common and local governments are actively pursuing this avenue. Within New Jersey, each municipality and county has many and varied requirements for recreational land. Therefore, the plan of implementation for local acquisition cannot be geared to the identification of individual sites during the seven year program. However, the following considerations must be recognized, together with the aforementioned priori- ties, in the evaluation of each acquisition so as to reflect the degree of fulfillment of the State's acreage and facility needs. Nk L 1C 1 0 the degree to which the acquisition will meet established local recreation needs; 0 conformance of the acquisition to the recreational needs of the region; the degree to which the acquisition satisfies acreage need tN 7- based on established standards; the acquisition's adherence to the accepted level of respon- by the governmental agency; si physical factors affecting proposed use of the acquisition; Allarnuchy Mountain State Park accessibility of the acquisition to the intended users. considerations necessary for approval. It is not appropriate CAPITAL IMPROVEMENTS at this point in time to identify specific sites proposed for future acquisition. Many variable factors and changing condi- PROGRAM tions must be thoroughly investigated prior to determining Federal-Within the seven year action period, the Federal project feasibility. Therefore, the programmed effort by the Government is embarking on two major projects within the State in future land acquisition will reflect regional recreation State: the Gateway National Recreation Area and the Delaware needs tempered to priority considerations and economic fea- Water Gap National Recreation Area (see Table 2). As the sibility. acquisition program at the Delaware Water Gap NRA progres- Municipalities and Counties -It is projected that local govern- ses, the Park Service will begin to prepare the area for full ment in New Jersey will acquire approximately 18,000 acres of development. Much of the capital development costs projected land for open space and recreational purposes during the for the action period will be used for park support facilities. action period. The impetus for land acquisition by municipalities However, two group camps and an environmental study center and counties is based on the availability of $40 million from are scheduled for completion by 1977. These facilities will the Local Assistance Program under the second Green Acres help meet the demand in the State's Northwest Region. Bond Issue. An additional incentive for land acquisition during Since there is very little acquisition on the New Jersey this period is the possibility of receiving complimentary federal section of the Gateway National Recreation Area, the major assistance from BOR or HUD so as to account for 100% fund- emphasis during the action period will be on site planning and ing. The donation of land for open space and recreation is also beach restoration at Sandy Hook in the North Shore Region. 167 TABLE 2: FEDERAL AND INTERSTATE RECREATION The capital improvements scheduled for the Morristown FACILITIES SCHEDULED FOR DEVELOPMENT National Historic Park in the North Central Region are com- 1971-1977 prised of both rehabilitation of existing facilities and the en- FEDERAL INTERSTATE largement of visitor support facilities. Delaware Great Both the Brigantine National Wildlife Refuge in the South Water Gap Swamp Morristown Edison Brigantine Shore Region and the Great Swamp National Wildlife Refuge National National National National National Palisades Recreation Wi Idlile Historic Historic Wildlife Interstate in the North Central Region will provide new environmental Area Refuge Park Si te Refuge Park education centers and more nature trails within the seven Region Northwest North Central North Central Northeast South Shore Northeast year action period. Swimming X The Edison National Historic Site in the Northeast Region Boating Access X X will expend capital funds for rehabilitation of structures and Fishing Access X Outdoor Games & the improvement of visitor support facilities. Sports Facilities X 5 Bicycle Trails 2 mi. State-Major emphasis during the seven year action period Group Camping Areas X will be placed on the completion of three major day use recre- Picnic Areas X 6 Hiking Trails X X ation areas in the Northwest Region (see Table 3). The state Horseback Riding Division of Parks and Forestry has placed priority on the com- Trails X Nature Trails 12 mi. X 7.5 mi. pletion of Spruce Run Recreation Area and Round Valley Rec- Nature Education reation Area in Hunterdon County and Wawayanda State Park Centers X X day use area in Sussex County. Each of the recreation areas Nature Interpretive Facilities X when completed will provide varied recreational opportunities Snow Skiing Slopes X for large numbers of people from both within the region and Sledding Slopes X Visitor Centers X X X from neighboring regions within North Jersey. Round Valley Recreation Area - During the early portion of TABLE 3: STATE RECREATION FACILITIES SCHEDULED FOR DEVELOPMENT/ 1971-1977 Swimming Outdoor Beaches Boating Fishing Camping Horseback Nature Games & Major (Feet of Rental Access Picnicking Family Hiking Riding Walking Sports Support Area Region Shoreline) Ramps Liverles Marinas Points Tables Sites Trails Trails Trails Playfields Facitities Round Valiey North- Recreation Area west 1000 2 X X X 500 116 19 9 X 2 X Spruce Run North- Recreation Area west 1000 X X 500 X 3 X Wawayanda North- State Park west 1250 1 X X X X X 4 X 168 Spruce Run Recreation Area -A major beach facility with a capacity of over 2000 bathers is scheduled to be completed to in the early portion of the action period. The development in sup Ka- port of the beach will include a modular bathhouse complex, POP. 7" @ 11- _J parking, entrance drive and control station. Also included in first phase development is a fishing pier specifically designed to accommodate the handicapped. Phase two development is 00'r scheduled for the latter part of the action period. This phase will consist of several large picnic areas (total capacity of 500 tables) and a livery area for the rental of approximately 100 "10P small rowboats and canoes. Wawayanda State Park-The completion of the day use area at Wawayanda in upper Sussex County is scheduled for the end of the action period. Development will include the completion of the beach with a capacity of over 2500 bathers, a bathhouse, several picnic areas and open playfields, the Spruce Run Recreation Area entrance drive, a park control station and parking. A boathouse for the rental of rowboats and a boat launching ramp will also be the action period, the State will complete the construction of included in the development. 116 wilderness camping sites around the bowl of the Round Sanitary Facilities Program-in an effort to upgrade the Valley Reservoir. The sites will only be accessible by small sanitary facilities at most state parks and forests, a four year, boat or the utilization of over 9 miles of new hiking and bridle four phase program will be initiated and completed within the trails. Development of the day use area is scheduled for the action period. Although the conversion to flush toilets and the latter portion of the action period. Initial development of the construction of new comfort stations and laundry-washhouse day use area took place in 1967 and 1968 when a dike was buildings does not directly make up the deficiencies in recre- built to create a protected recreational water level in a small ation supply, these added facilities do extend the use of existing cove of the Reservoir. A sand beach with a capacity of approx- recreation areas and add to the enjoyment of the recreational imately 2000 bathers was built at the same time. In order to experience. Development is programmed in every region with complete the day use facility, development now scheduled by the exception of the Northeast. the Division of Parks and Forestry includes a major access Bicentennial Celebration-The State of New Jersey will road to the day use area, internal entrance roads, a control commemorate the 200th annivers ary of our country with station, a bathhouse, parking, game areas, picnic areas, com- appropriate recreation development at Batsto in the South fort facilities and a maintenance/administration center. The Shore Region, and Monmouth Battlefield and Allaire Village in Division of Fish, Game and Shellfisheries will complete a boat the North Shore Region and other historic sites. Initial develop- launching facility adjacent to the day use area. The primary ment at each site is programmed to be completed and open to function of the boat ramps will be for fishing access to the the public by 1976. Reservoir and for boat access to the Wilderness Camping Area. By the end of the action period, a major boating facility will Interstate-The Palisades Interstate Park Commission pro- be constructed. Provisions for the facility will include a boat poses to develop a 15 acre site just south of the George Wash- rental livery and individual boat moorings. ington Bridge into a historic park to commemorate the Bicen- 169 tennial. The Fort Lee Historic Park will include a visitor games and sports. Municipal governments in suburban areas information center, reconstruction of original fortifications have greater flexibility in providing recreational services by including the gun batteries and magazines, picnic areas, open virtue of a better economic base and, generally, the availability playfields and walking trails. of open space suitable for recreation. Capital development projects will include both neighborhood parks and community Municipalities and Counties-it is virtually impossible to wide parks. Facilities typically found in suburban recreation accurately estimate the seven year capital development pro- development include ballfields, basketball, tennis and other gram for the 567 municipalities and 21 counties in the State types of game courts, passive areas, and play equipment. of New Jersey. The very nature of general purpose local Provisions for ice skating on flooded game courts or a small government, where capital decisions generally rest with elected pond and limited picnic areas are also typical in suburban officials responsive to the needs and desires of interested parks. Additional local emphasis will be placed on meeting the groups, dictate short range capital planning as a pragmatic demand for nature interpretation by providing areas and facil- approach to providing municipal services and facilities. There- ities specifically reserved from active recreation for use in fore, the implementation program for local development cannot nature study. be aimed at the identification of specific projects. Rather, Swimming needs in suburban communities can best be the program is presented to pinpoint the types of recreational met by providing community swimming pools. Greatest empha- opportunities most needed to fulfill the regional demands. The sis in swimming should be placed on communities in the North- implementation program is further broken down to assign east and Central Corridor regions. specific responsibilities to the inner cities, to the suburban Rural Communities- In many instances these areas will communities, to the rural communities, to those counties with be taking initial steps in providing municipal recreation oppor- established park systems, and to those emerging counties. tunities during the action period. Again, outdoor games and Inner Cities- Generally the recreational needs of New sports areas will receive primary consideration. The rural Jersey's cities are similar and cannot be differentiated by community needs will be manifested in basic facilities, such as planning regions. The. lack of mobility and economic latitude baseball or football fields and game courts. Priority will be demand that recreation services be placed close to the users. given to those communities experiencing rapid growth. The greatest municipal need of the cities is for outdoor games Counties-The role of county government in providing and sports areas. Because of the demands on city land, most outdoor recreational opportunities in New Jersey is most impor- urban projects must utilize relatively small spaces and be tant. Generally, those counties within the Northeast, North oriented to the neighborhood. Urban projects will be typified Central, Central Corridor and North Shore regions have estab- by tot lots, playgrounds, game courts, senior citizens passive lished county park systems and on-going recreation programs. areas or combinations of the above. If open space permits, It is generally accepted that these county park commissions ballfields and play areas will be provided. Prime consideration have the responsibility of providing regional parks and special- will be given those projects that provide innovative uses of ized facilities which cannot for financial reasons be built, urban open space. operated or maintained by municipalities. Established county Most cities have a great need for facilities to accom- park commissions will fulfill a portion of the regional demand modate swimming. This is especially true in the urban North- for outdoor games and sports. County parks will bear most of east Region. The need will be met by the provision of neighbor- the burden for providing specialized facilities such as golf hood swimming pools as a priority consideration. courses and major tennis centers. Countywide needs for ball- Suburban Communities- Within every planning region fields and athletic complexes will also be met by county park there must be provided additional opportunities for outdoor commissions. 170 Most artificial ice rinks constructed during the action lished, limited development will follow on newly acquired lands. period will fall within the responsibility of established county Provisions for outdoor games and sports, picnicking, fishing, park commissions. To a lesser degree, provisions for ice and nature interpretation will have priority as initial develop- skating on ponds and lakes will be provided by counties. ment. In helping to meet the needs of each region, the counties Certain data is available on projects funded through the will provide a substantial portion of the facilities for picnicking, Land and Water Conservation Fund Program and scheduled to nature interpretation, trails, and group camping. Counties to be completed during the action period. The compilation of this a limited degree will provide family camping and snow skiing data is incorporated in Table 4, "County Facilities" and Table as natural conditions permit. 5, "Municipal Facilities". The recreation facilities to be devel- Most of the counties in the Northwest, Southwest, South oped are reflective of types of projects currently being con- Shore, and Delaware Bay regions will be considering for the sidered by local government in New Jersey. However, since the first time the provision of recreational services as a function Land and Water Conservation Fund Program cannot attempt to of county government. Therefore a land acquisition program will fund all local development, the data should not be interpreted receive primary consideration for these counties during the as a comprehensive schedule of all development occurring at action period. Once the acquisition program has been estab- these levels. TABLE 4: COUNTY RECREATION FACILITIES TABLE 5: MUNICIPAL RECREATION FACILITIES SCHEDULED FOR DEVELOPMENT / 1971-1977 SCHEDULED FOR DEVELOPMENT /1971-1977 North- North North- Central North South- South Delaware North- North North- Central North South- South Delaware Activity Facility west Central east Corridor Shore west Shore Bay Totals Activity Facility west Central east Corridor Shore west Shore Bay Totals Swimming Pools 1 5 6 Swimming Pools 7 1 1 3 12 Beaches (Acres) 0.1 1 1.1 Shoreline (Feet) 250 250 Boating Ramps 1 1 Boating Ramps 1 1 2 Camping Family (Sites) 45 45 Hiking Trails (Miles) .2 1.8 2.0 Hiking Trails (Miles) 2 6 3.5 11.5 Bicycl Ing Trails (Mi les) .8 1.3 2.1 Bicycling Trails (Miles) 2.5 2.5 Nature Walking Trails (Miles) 1.1 .3 .5 i.9 Horseback Riding Trails (Miles) 1 1 Picnicking Tables 62 72 47 181 Nature Walking Trails (Miles) 1.5 4.7 5 3.5 14.7 Ice Skating Natural Areas (Acres) 1.5 .5 .5 .5 3.0 Picnicking Tables 152 375 8 165 24 724 Artificial Areas (Acres) .5 .5 Ice Skat I ng Natural Areas (Acres) 0.5 1.5 40 42 Outdoor Games Snow Skiing Areas 1 1 2 and Sports Playgrounds 6 19 3 8 9 4 49 Outdoor Games Badminton Courts 2 2 and Sports Playgrounds 1 2 1 4 Baseball Fields 1 5 11 7 9 19 52 Baseball Fields 3 5 4 12 Basketball Courts 2 17 4 13 5 41 Basketball Courts 8 Football/Soccer Fields 7 3 6 16 Football/Soccer Handball Courts 3 8 4 8 23 Fields 3 2 5 Horseshoe Courts 4 4 Shuffleboard Multi-purpose Courts 1 1 2 1 3 Courts 4 4 Open Playfields 3 1 4 Tennis Courts 23 10 9 42 Running Tracks (1/. mi. 2 2 Shuffleboard Courts 2 2 Softball Fields 1 3 2 6 Tennis Courts 3 23 30 24 14 94 171 Funding ment program at the Interstate level will be derived from a variety of sources including appropriations of the member Funds to finance the $244,364,000, cost of the acquisition states. (Refer to Tables 6 and 7.) and development programs scheduled for completion between 1971 and 1977 will be derived from municipal, county, state, SOURCES OF FUNDS FOR SCHEDULED interstate, and federal appropriations and bond issues. The ACQUISITION AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS state level will be the single largest source of funds, 1971-1977 $122,731,900 or 50.2% of the total; this is due primarily to the $104,292,400 made available through three bond issues for JURISDICTIONAL ANALYSIS state and local open space and reservoir acquisition. The Fed- eral Government through its matching fund programs (Land Municipal Level-The estimated cost of the scheduled munic- and Water Conservation Fund and the Department of Housing ipal acquisition and development programs (excluding HUD and Urban Development's Open Space Program) and its own funded projects) amounts to $62,936,200. Municipal bonds acquisition program follows the State as a source of funds and appropriations will finance nearly 50% ($31,353,100) of by providing $63,029,900. To finance local acquisition and the program costs. These municipal funds will be matched by development programs, municipalities and counties will spend state funds under the Green Acres Programs which will provide $51,956,900 obtained through municipal and county bond almost 45% or $28,140,700, and the Federal Land and Water issues and appropriations to match the state and federal Conservation Fund (L&WCF) which will provide over 5% or funding programs. Funds to support the $6,645,000 develop- $3,442,400. TABLE 6: SOURCES OF FUNDS TABLE 7: SOURCES OF FUNDS FOR SCHEDULED ACQUISITION PROGRAM FOR SCHEDULED DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS 1971-1977 1971-1977 State Municipal I County' Municipal 1 County, 1961 1971 Federal Bonds or Bonds or State Interstate Federa12 Bonds of Bondaor Green Green Water Assistance Appro- Appro- Acres Acres Resources HUD- Appropri- Appropri- Appropri- Appropri- Assistance Region priations P,i.ti..s Bond issue Bond issue Fund L&WCF- (State) NPS- Acqulsitim2 Total ations ations ations ations L&WCF Development Total Total Northwest S1,188,150 $776.000 S 302.700 $14.585.950 $ 2.500.000 S 7,047,400 S 140,000 $3,000.000 S 29,540.200 Northwest $ 1,000 $ $12,814,300 $12,392,800 $ 2,812,000 $15,204,800 $28,020,100 North Central 4,686.100 145.200 665,900 9,391.200 5.018,300 1.588,000 400,000 681.000 22.575.700 North Central 184,750 435,750 666,800 1,270,300 5,330,200 6,600.500 7,887,800 Northeast 8,091,900 5,336,250 1.196.700 16.260,550 800,000 31.685 400 Central Corridor 3.912,300 867,700 632.800 5.319.900 12,058,100 70.000 2,635.000 $75.000 25.570.800 Northeast 1,471,650 937,000 75.000 $6,645,300 2,408,650 2.087,000 4,495,650 13,624,600 North Shore 7,581.550 2.371.300 806.000 18.687.050 3,299.500 150,000 175.000 1.485,000 34,555,400 Central Corridor 422,000 684,700 270,600 1,252,900 1,252,900 2,630,200 Southwest 1,170,100 271.200 3,679,000 895.000 1.100.000 7.115.300 North Shore 432,200 386,750 2,456,100 965,450 965,450 4,240,500 South Shore 1,184,200 250,000 159@200 8.395.400 1,462.500 244.000 11.695.300 Southwest 481,850 42,500 225,600 749,950 749,950 1,499,900 Delaware Bay 211.450 175.000 60,500 1.002.450 200,000 2,155.000 3.804.400 South Shore 238,450 1,683,200 568,350 350,400 918,750 2,840.400 State Totals $28,025,750 $9.921@450 $4,095,000 $77.321.500 $22,875.900 S12,212,900 $4.450,000 S75,000 $7.565.000 $166,542.500 Delaware Bay 95,500 157.900 253,400 253,400 506,800 Statewide 90,000 90.000 90,000 180,000 *L&WCF - Land and Water Conservation Fund Local HUD Program S 12.924,800 State Totals $3,327.400 $2.486,700 $18,439,500 $6.645,500 $19,951.800 $10,579,600 $30,531,400 $61,430.300 HUD - Department of Housing and Urban Development (State acquisition on@y) - Local program, unassignable to regions .amou nted to $6,462,400, Total Acquisition Program S179.467.300 'Funds used to match the Land and Water Conservation Fund Program Local HUD Program $ 3,466,400 NIPS - Na jonaJ Park Service lSale acquisition only). Does not include the local funds used to match the Department of 'Funds used to match the State Green Acres Programs. Does not include Housing and Urban Development s monies available under its open Total Development Program $64.896,700 the local funds used to match HUD monies, $6,462,400. space program, $1,733,200 2Does not include the acquisition costs of the Delaware Water Gap 21-ocal HUD funds ($1,733,200) were not assignable to regions and National Recreation Area. therefore were not included. 172 TABLE 8: MUNICIPAL SCHEDULED ACQUISITION TABLE 10: COUNTY SCHEDULED ACQUISITION PROGRAM* 1971-1977 (cost) PROGRAM 1971-1977 (cost) Region 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 Total -7.7. 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 Total Northwest S 90.000 S 942.000 S 896.800 S 637.500 S 2.466.300 Northwest S1.552.000 S1.552.000 North Central S17.500 S 15.000 192.200 3.086.000 3.140.500 2.921.000 9.372.200 North Central S 290.500 290.500 Northeast 37.000 182.000 3,500.100 5.339.000 [email protected] 4.288.900 16.183,800 Northeast $34.000 5.315.000 6.823,500 S 100.000 12.272.500 Central Corridor 442.800 638.900 1.981.000 1.028,000 392.400 3,481.400 7.964,500 Central Corridor 8,000 S94.000 1.083.400 550.000 1.735,400 North Shore 65.000 171.000 8,064.500 1.116,800 2.802,400 2.943.400 15.163.100 North Shore 4.274.500 468.100 4.742.600 Southwest 77M0 195.200 315.200 337.500 1.415.300 2@340,200 Southwest South Shore 92,800 197.000 1.850,000 228,600 2.368,400 South Shore 500.000 500.000 Delaware Bay 76.9GO 61.000 285.000 422.900 Delaware Bay 244.000 $106.000 350.000 State Totals $639.300 $1.294.900 $14.143.000 $12.023.200 [email protected] $14385,800 $56.281,400 State T.1als $42,000 S94.000 S9,880,000 S10.202.900 S106.000 $1,118.100 $21.443.000 *Does not include the open space matching fund program administered by the Department of Housing and Urban Development. 'Does not include the open space matching fund program administered by the Department of Housing and Urban Development. The available information did not permit the assignment of funds to individual regions or to specific levels of government. The available information did not permit the assignment of funds to individual regions or to specific levels of government. Collectively. municipalities ano counties received $6.462.400 for open space acquisition in 1971 and 1972. Collectively, municipalities and counties received S6,462,400 for open space acquisition in 1971 and 1972. Municipal recreation development presently qualifying for County Level-Scheduled county acquisition and development L&WCF assistance will require expenditures totaling projects (excluding HUD funded projects) are estimated to $6,654,800 (see Table 8). Municipalities will finance 50% of cost $26,416,400. County appropriations and bonds issues the cost ($3,327,400) and the Land and Water Conservation will account for 47% ($12,408,200) of the expenditures, the Fund will provide the remaining $3,327,400. State Green Acres Programs 41% ($10,721,500), and the Land and Water Conservation Fund 12% ($3,286,700). Acquisition projects estimated to cost $56,281,400 have Fifty percent of the scheduled county acquisition program been scheduled by municipalities during the period between ($21,443,000) will be financed by the State ($10,721,500) 1971 and 1977 (see Table 9). Municipalities will provide just (see Table 10). County funds will finance 46% of the acquisition under one half of the funds ($28,025,700), the State 50% costs ($9,921,500) and the Land and Water Conservation Fund ($28,140,700), and the L&WCF less than 1% ($115,000). will fund 4% ($800,000). TABLE 9: MUNICIPAL SCHEDULED DEVELOPMENT TABLE 11: COUNTY SCHEDULED DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM* 1971-1977 (cost) PROGRAM* 1971-1977 (cost) 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 19761 19771 Total Region 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976, 1977' Total Northwest $ 2,000 $ 2,000 Northwest North Central 188,500 $ 14,000 $167.000 369,500 North Central $ 64,000 $95,000 $ 712,500 $ 871,500 Northeast $155,000 530.000 635,200 1,623.100 2,943,300 Northeast 240,000 88,000 $ 546,000 1,000,000 1,874,000 Central Corridor 33,000 86@000 507,500 53,000 $164,500 844,000 Central Corridor 120,000 1.000,000 249.400 1,369,400 North Shore 39,000 386.800 438.600 864,400 North Shore 297,500 476,000 773,500 Southwest 12,700 246,400 704.600 963,700 Southwest 85,000 85,000 South Shore 350,700 126,200 476,900 South Shore Delaware Bay 191,000 191.000 Delaware Bay State Totals $168,000 $856.200 $2.331,600 $3,112,500 $164.500 $6,654,800 State Totals $424,000 $4BO,500 $2,107,000 $1.96l,goo $4,973,400 *Does not include the open space matching fund program administered by the Department of Housing and Urban Development. *Does not include the open space matching fund program administered by the Department of Housing and Urban Development. The available information did not permit the assignment of funds to individual regions or to specific levels of government. The available information did not permit assignment of funds to individual regions or to specific levels of government. Collectively, the municipalities and counties received $1,733,200 for recreation development ir, 1971 and 1972 Collectively, the counties and municipalities received $1,733,700 for recreation development in 1971 and 1972. 'Land and Water Conservation Fund monies have not been committed for projects scheduled to be completed in these years. 'Land and Water Conservation Fund monies have not been committed for projects scheduled for completion in these years. 173 TABLE 12: STATE SCHEDULED ACQUISITION PROGRAM Over 50% ($42,554,300) of the state's scheduled acquisi- 1971-1977 (cost) tion program ($81,253,100) will be financed by funds derived Region 1 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 Total from the Green Acres Bond Issues (see Table 12). In addition, Northwest $ 37,600 $ 252,000 $ 3,738,000 $6,316,800 $2,850,800 $5,827,500 $ 3,500,000 $22,521 ,900 the Water Resources Fund will finance 28% ($22,875,900). North Central 646,100 619,900, 4,900,000 2,614,000 1.800,000 150,000 1,500,000 12,232,000 The L&WCF program is expected to provide $11,297,900 Northeast 1,063,200 2,158,100 7.800 3,229,100 (14%), and the HUD program is expected to provide Central Corridor 40,900 13,915,000 515.000 1,200,000 200,000 15,870,900 North Shore 644,200 930,200 8,212,300 350,000 1,400,0W 328,000 1,300,000 13,164,700 $4,450,000 or 5% of the costs. Southwest 135,100 800,000 2,690,000 1,150,000 4,775,100 The scheduled state development program will cost South Shore 37,200 75,700 875,000 1,500,0w 395,000 5,700,000 8,582,900 Delaware Bay 3,500 57,000 400,000 96,000 320,000 876,500 $32,577,200 (see Table 13). State appropriations amounting State Totals $2,474,700 $4,223,000 $31,648,100 $10,995,800 $8,846,000 $9,590,500 $13,470,000 $81.253,100 to $18,439,500 will finance 57% of the costs and the L&WCF program is expected to provide the remaining $14,137,700. Scheduled recreation development at the county level Will Interstate Level-The Palisades Interstate Park Commission cost $4,973,400 (see Table 11). The counties will share the will finance its $6,645,300 development program using various costs equally with the Land and Water Conservation Fund Pro- fund sources. Appropriations from the states of New Jersey gram. and New York are the primary sources of the Commission's funds. In addition, the Commission obtains funds from user State Level-Scheduled state acquisition and development fees and property rentals. (See Table 14.) programs will cost $113,830,300 between 1971 and 1977. Federal Level -Congressional appropriations will provide the Funds from the two Green Acres Bond Issues will account for funds necessary to carry out the scheduled federal acquisition 38% ($42,554,300) of the costs. The Water Resources Fund and development program ($18,144,600) and the acquisition will provide another 20% ($22,875,900) and state appropri- costs of the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area, ations will amount to $18,439,500 or 16%. Federal funds from the Department of Housing and Urban Development open which are not included in the present schedule for the lack space program, the Land and Water Conservation Fund pro- of information (see Tables 15 and 16). Receipts of fees charged gram and the National Park Service will account for the re- for use of certain federal areas and facilities, proceeds from maining 26% ($29,960,600). the sale of certain federal surplus Properties and annual Congressional appropriations are expected to provide TABLE 13: STATE SCHEDULED DEVELOPMENT PRO GRAM $32,164,700 in matching funds available to state and local units 1971-1977 (costs) of government under the Land and Water Conservation Fund. - The HUD funds, amounting to $12,645,600 for all governmental Region 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 19.77 Total levels, have been provided by Congressional appropriations. Northwest $1,618,500 $1,300,800 $3,261,800 $4,220,000 $5,055,000 $4,960,000 $4,790,000 $25,206,100 North Central 375,400 369,200 17,DOO 555,000 1,316,600 Northeast 24.000 51,000 75,000 TABLE 14: INTERSTATE Central Corridor 10,000 64.400 232,400 110,000 416,800 SCHEDULED DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM North Shore 75,300 441,300 1,936,000 150,000 2,602,600 Southwest 372,000 79,200 451,200 1971-1977 (cost) South Shore 132.000 500,900 1,380,200 2,013,100 Delaware c3ay 315,800 315,800 1971 1072 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 Total Statewide' 180,000 180,000 Northeast $1,427,3DO $5,218,000 $6,645.300 State Totals $2,211,200 $3,388,400 $7.137,600 $5,035,000 $5,055,000 $4,960,000 $4.790,000 $32,577,200 State Totals $1,427,300 $5,218,000 $6,645,300 'Funds are not assignable to any one region. 174 TABLE 15: FEDERAL acquisition and development projects costing $64,329,400 will SCHEDULED ACQUISITION PROGRAM* be financed on a 50-50 matching basis. Of the total L&WCF 1971-1977 (cost) monies, $32,164,700, 62% ($19,951,800) will be used for Region 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 Total recreation development and the remaining 38% ($12,212,900) Northwest $3,000.000 $3,000,000 will be used for acquisition. North Central 475.000 $200,000 $ 6.000 681.000 Scheduled state projects will receive 79% ($25,435,600) Northeast Central Corridor of the L&WCF monies and scheduled local projects will receive North Shore 135.000 250.000 425.000 $450.000 $ 225.000 1,485.000 21% ($6,729,100). The substantial difference between these Southwest entages does not indicate a distribution preference in South Shore 174.000 70,000 244,000 perc Delaware Say 420.000 1.000.000 $735,000 2,155.000, favor of state projects; rather, the disparity can be attributed State Totals $3.784,000 $520.000 $431,000 $870.000 $ 1,225,000 $735.000 $7,565,000 to the inability to predict the location and nature of future local not include the acquisition costs Ifor the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area. projects. Only local projects already qualified for L&WCF funding were included in the scheduled programs, while all TABLE 16: FEDERAL planned state projects for which L&WCF funding was antici- SCHEDULED DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM* pated were included. It is expected that the final distribution of 1971-1977 (cost) L&WCF monies to state and local projects will be nearly equal 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 Total during the seven year period. Northwest $1,906,000 $ 193,000 $ 425,000 @288,000 $2,812,000 At the state level, 56% ($14,137,700) of the L&WCF North C ntral $42,000 $ 773.200 1,077,500 1,176,500 2,038,000 223,000 5,330,200 Northea:t 54,000 355,000 937,000 512,000 171,000 58,000 2,087,000 monies will be used for development and the remaining 44% Central Corridor ($11,297,900) for acquisition. The counties and municipalities, North Shore Southwest concentrating on developing lands previously purchased under South Shore 10,400 98,000 242,000 350,400 Delaware Bay the Green Acres Bond Programs, will use 86% ($5,814,100) State Totals $96,000 $1,138,600 $3,920,500 $1,881.500 $2,732,000 $811,000 $10,579,600 of their present share of the L&WCF monies for development. not Include the total development costs of the Delaware water Gap National Recreation Area- The counties and municipalities will receive nearly equal amounts under the L&WCF program, $3,286,700 and $3,442,400, respectively. Scheduled development projects account for 76% ($2,486,600) of the county L&WCF funded PROGRAM ANALYSIS program and 97% ($3,327,400) of the municipal program. Federal Funding Programs Open Space Program -Funds received by the state and local levels of government under the Open Space Program admin- Land and Water Conservation Fund* - Under the Land and istered by the Department of Housing and Urban Development Water Conservation Fund program scheduled state and local will amount to $12,645,600. Eighty-six percent ($10,912,400) of these funds have been committed for acquisition projects and the remaining portion for recreation development. Appendix 0 contains a history of Land and Water Conservation Fund In 1971 and 1972, HUD funded local projects amounted to expenditures in New Jersey from the beginning of the program in 1965 $8,195,600; acquisition projects accounted for 79% through the end of fiscal year 1972. A discussion of the distribution of the monies to different levels of government and type of program and the ($6,462,400). The State's entire HUD commitment recreation facilities developed is included. ($4,450,000) was used for acquisition. 175 Since this fund has been absorbed into the Federal Rev- Therefore, only $2.6 million is actually available for new rec- enue Sharing Program, it will no longer serve as a dedicated reation facility development. source of open space acquisition and recreation facility devel- opment monies. ADDITIONAL FUNDS FOR LOCAL ACQUISITION AND DEVELOPMENT (1971-1977) State Funding Sources The acquisition and development schedules for the state level included planned projects and anticipated sources of Green Acres Programs-The unexpended balance of the 1961 funds, including the Land and Water Conservation Fund. The Green Acres Bond Issue amounting to $4,095,000 at the begin- local schedules, however, included the acquisition projects ning of fiscal year 1971 will be spent during the first two years expected to be funded under the Green Acres Programs but of the scheduled acquisition program. The State will use not all of the acquisition and development projects that will $3,059,900 for acquisition, municipalities $899,150, and coun- be eventually funded under the Land and Water Conservation ties $135,950. Fund Program. Since the State does not become aware of The 1971 Green Acres Bond Issue Act, approved by public proposed local projects until they are submitted for state review referendum, authorized the issuance of bonds for and transmittal to the Bureau of Outdoor Recreation for final $80,000,000 to be used for county, municipal, and state acqui- approval, only those local projects which have been approved sition of open space lands. According to the distribution pro- for L&WCF funding were included in the schedules. visions, fifty percent of the bond proceeds will be used for state Assuming full funding of the L&WCF program. at the projects and fifty percent for local projects. authorized level, the State of New Jersey would receive an average annual allocation of $6 million. At this level, a total of Water Resources Fund -Under the Water Conservation Bond $15 million would be available for local projects by the end of Act, approved by public referendum in 1969, the State was 1977. These funds would generate $15 million of matching local authorized to expend $29 million of bond issue revenues for funds to produce a total amount of $30 million for county and planning and site acquisition for future water supply facilities. municipal acquisition and development. The scheduled state acquisition program includes the expen- diture of $22,875,900 of the authorized funds. Plans for two sites are under review at the present time, and therefore the ESTIMATED COSTS OF FACILITY DEVELOPMENT TO funds designated for the sites' acquisition are not included in MEET THE 1985 RECREATION NEEDS-LEVELS OF the scheduled acquisition program. GOVERNMENT State Appropriations -State appropriations are expected to The development costs of recreation facilities required account for $18,439,500 of the cost of the State's scheduled to meet the 1985 recreation needs have been estimated so that development program for the 1971-1977 period. On an annual the progress made towards meeting these needs through the basis, this amounts to an average appropriation of $2.6 million. completion of scheduled development programs could be The Department of Environmental Protection receives an ascertained. Based upon these findings, the future fiscal re- annual appropriation of $3.5 million for capital recreation quirements of the municipalities, counties and State can be improvement; however, approximately $900,000 is used for predicted and funding programs designed to meet a reasonable major maintenance projects and historic structures restoration. level of need can'be proposed. 176 The first step followed in estimating the development costs ADDITIONAL DEVELOPMENT FUNDS was to arrive at an estimate of the facility development cost per REQUIRED TO MEET THE 1985 FACILITY DEFICITS recreation day for each activity. Based upon available New MUNICIPAL, COUNTY AND STATE LEVELS Jersey construction cost data, the average development cost of each type of facility was determined. These cost figures were divided by the average recreation day capacities of the facilities Although the scheduled development programs of the in order to arrive at the development costs per recreation day municipalities, counties, and State will provide a substantial for each activity. number of new recreation facilities, they will fall far short of For each jurisdiction, the 1985 unmet demand assigned as meeting all of the 1985 outdoor recreation facility deficits identi- its responsibility for each activity was multiplied by the appro- fied at these jurisdictional levels. Continuation of the develop- priate development cost per recreation day. The sum of the ment programs at their present levels of funding after 1977 activity development costs represented the jurisdiction's esti- would still result in sizable 1985 facility deficits at all govern- mated 1985 development costs. mental levels. Including the $7,500,000 generated by the Land and Water Municipal level -Statewide, the development cost of the out- Conservation Fund matching funds ($3,750,000 of Land and door recreation facilities required at the municipal level by Water Conservation funds for development) which was not 1985 is estimated at $738,671,000. included in the municipal scheduled recreation development County level - New Jersey's twenty-one counties, to meet their program, New Jersey's municipalities will expend approxi- 1985 assigned outdoor recreation responsibilities, will have to mately $14,155,000 by 1977 on recreation development. If develop facilities totalling an estimated cost of $518,474,000. the present funding level is projected to 1985, excluding future funds from the defunct HUD Open Space Program, the total State level-The estimated development cost of the recreation municipal recreation development expenditures for the 1971- facilities required to meet the state level's 1985 recreation 1985 period can be anticipated to amount to $26,000,000. responsibilities is $151,524,000. Application of this estimate to the municipal costs for recreation A regional breakdown of the 1985 estimated recreation facility development to meet the 1985 needs results in a funding facility costs is presented in the following table: deficiency exceeding $700,000,000. Counties through their scheduled development programs Estimated Costs for Municipal, County and State and the additional funds available under the Land and Water Facility Development to Meet 1985 Unmet Recre- Conservation Fund ($3,750,000) are expected to spend ation Demands $12,473,400 during the 1971-1977 period on new recreation facilities. Continuation to 1985 of the present annual county Region Estimated Costs expenditure rate would result in a $24,000,000 county facility Northwest $ 44,638,000 development program between 1971 and 1985. If the counties North Central 93,497,000 are to meet their 1985 facility development responsibilities, Northeast 535,761,000 additional funds amounting to over $490 million will have to Central Corridor 105,073,000 be spent on recreation development. North Shore 218,259,000 The State's scheduled development program for the 1971- Southwest 116,630,000 1977 period is expected to cost $32,577,200. At the current South Shore 264,280,000 annual appropriation rate, the State's development program for Delaware Bay 30,531,000 the 1971-1985 period would amount to just over $68 million. 177 Since the State's estimated share of the development costs of ipal, county, and state development and acquisition programs. the facilities required to meet the 1985 recreation demand In the face of rapidly escalating facility construction and land amounts to $151,524,000, there would be a development acquisition costs, additional funding programs should be funding deficiency at the state level amounting to over $83 initiated promptly, to take advantage of today's cheaper prices. million by 1985. In estimating the three jurisdictions' future development Green Acres Bond Issue-Though a net gain of 122,299 acres expenditures, it was assumed that adequate Land and Water of open space is expected to be realized under planned federal, Conservation Fund monies would be available to match the state, county and municipal acquisition programs, New Jersey municipal, county and state funds. An annual Land and Water will need an additional 185,000 acres of open space by 1985. Conservation Fund apportionment for acquisition and develop- The planned open space acquisition programs fall 1.24,000 ment amounting to $6 million, commencing Fiscal Year 1973, acres short of meeting the 1970 open space requirements. is necessary to provide sufficient matching funds. New Jersey has completed one successful Green Acres Program (1961 Bond Issue) and is in the process of acquiring 80,000 acres of public open space financed by funds authorized by the Green Acres Bond Act of 1971 and matching appropri- ations from counties and municipal governments. The 1971 Act provides $40 million for state acquisition and another $40 million to be used on a matching basis for local acquisition, thus generating, statewide, $120 million for open space acquisition. Land acquisition completed under this program will still leave the municipalities, counties and State faced with a 169,000 acre open space deficit for 1985. In view of the dwindling supply of quality open space, especially near the State's urban centers, the rapidly escalating land prices, and the severe open space deficits faced by local and state levels of government, a third bond issue for $100 million to refinance the present Green Acres Program is recom mended. Only through a continuous, vigorous and adequately funded land acquisition program can sufficient public open space be preserved for future generations. The provisions of the recommended third Green Acres bond issue should be similar to the ones in force for the present RECOMMENDATIONS -ADDITIONAL DEVELOPMENT program, with one-half of the bond issue sale proceeds desig- AND ACOUISITION FUNDING SOURCES nated for local matching grants and the other half reserved for state acquisition. From the previous discussions of New Jersey's recreation The alternative to the proposed bond issue would be an facility deficits and the development costs of the facilities to annual State appropriation of $20 million for the same pur- meet the 1985 outdoor recreation demands and the State's poses. Fifty percent of each appropriation would be dedicated open space acreage deficits, it is apparent that there is an to the state acquisition program and the remaining portion urgent need for additional sources of funds to expand munic- would fund a matching grant program for local acquisition. 178 Recreation Facility Development Funding -Comparison of Future Legislation scheduled development funding levels with the projected municipal, county and state development costs to meet 1985 and Related Avtious recreation facility needs clearly shows that these units of gov- ernment will be unable to provide the facilities necessary to Even though many significant strides have been taken satisfy present and future need levels; municipalities have a toward protecting and improving the quality of New Jersey's 1985 projected recreation development fund deficit of over living environment, there is much more that needs to be done. $712 million, New Jersey's twenty-one counties a $490 million Because of the State's expanding population, development development tund deficit, and the State an anticipated $83 pressures on open space are increasing; there are growing million capital improvement fund deficiency. demands for energy; and there are increasing numbers of cars If the citizens of New Jersey, now and in the future, are on the road producing air pollutants and larger quantities of going to have access to the quality of life which they deserve, domestic and industrial wastes discharged into the environ- new funding sources must be established so that facilities to ment. Yet along with these mounting threats, the need to pre- accommodate their recreation desires may be constructed. serve the environment for the use and enjoyment of people is Two alternative approaches to providing the funds required to growing in proportion to the population increase. It is apparent undertake meaningful state and local recreation facility devel- then that this is not the time to reflect on accomplishments, opment programs are available. The first approach would in- but rather an opportunity to take greater steps forward. clude a State bond issue for $100 million for state and local Responding to the increased public awareness and grow- capital recreation development. A distribution formula should ing concern for the environment, Governor William T. Cahill be spelled out in the bond issue which gives local governments has p@oposed a comprehensive environmental legislative 60%-75% of the funds for 50-50 matching development grants program. Problems ranging from air and water pollution to the and the State 40%-25% of the funds for the design and con- dwindling supply of agricultural land are addressed in the struction of recreation facilities. With the exhaustion of these action oriented program. The following section pertaining to bond issue funds, another recreation development bond issue pending and proposed legislation and executive action has been for t150 million should be enacted. Provisions of the second based largely on the Governor's proposed program and addi- bond issue should be the same regarding fund distribution as tional recommendations to be implemented at a latter date. those proposed for the original program. The second approach, the alternative to the recreation PENDING LEGISLA TION development bond issues, would be a ten year program funded by annual state appropriations totalling $25 million. These PROPERTY TAX EXEMPTION FOR NON-PROFIT appropriations would be used to finance a matching grant CONSERVATION AND RECREATION LANDS program for local recreation development and theremaining The rapid disappearance of open space is viewed with portion to expand the state capital improvement program. great concern, and justifiably so, by citizens and government Under either of the alternative approaches presented, the agencies alike. Preservation of the State's remaining open annual state capital improvement appropriations should be space can not be accomplished by government alone. It re- continued at full funding, or the recommended funding levels quires a concerted effort on the part of public and private should be adjusted upward by the amount the appropriations agencies. The significant role played by private citizen groups are cutback. The full amount of such adjustments should be in acquiring open space lands for preservation purposes must earmarked for the state recreation development program. be continued and encouraged to expand. 179 A proposal for property tax exemption for privately held The Act will further enable municipalities to pass legis- open space and the improvements thereon which would facil- lation requiring the submission and review of an environmental itate the acquisition and retention of such lands for public use impact statement to the local government when the municipal- and enjoyment is now pending in the Legislature. To be eligible ity determines the proposed action could have significant for exemption the property must be owned by a qualified non- impact on the local environment. profit organization engaged in conservation and recreation projects which the Commissioner of Environmental Protection, THE COMMUNITY PLANNING LAW after consultation with the Natural Areas Council, certifies to the Director of the Division of Taxation to be qualified and The Community Planning Law has been proposed as a operating in the public interest. countermeasure for the inadequacy and complexity of the existing legal framework regulating land use and designed to guard against disorderly and unplanned suburban sprawl. Over ACT TO REQUIRE THE SUBMISSION AND REVIEW a period of years, local plans and ordinances would gradually OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENTS ON be revised to meet the new standards based on statewide and CERTAIN MAJOR STATE AND PRIVATE PROJECTS regional needs as translated into specific decisions by local planning boards and based on local circumstances. It is recommended that this Act will require state agencies The Community Planning Law has two major objectives: and certain private developers to consider and report upon the (1) to streamline the local planning process by the elimination environmental aspects and consequences of their major of duplicate processing procedures; and (2) to improve and actions. strengthen local planning by increasing technical assistance, The Act will specifically require the submission of an by linkages to state and regional plans, and by the addition of environmental impact statement to the Department of Environ- new local planning powers. Provisions are also included for mental Protection on all major projects that could be of signif- statutory frameworks for site plan review, the planned unit icance to the quality of the environment in the State of New development concept, the rights of the developer, and "critical Jersey. Projects of state agencies will include all major actions area" development regulations. not previously covered under the provisions of the National Far from weakening municipal autonomy, the Community Environmental Policy Act. Private development will include Planning Law strengthens the local boards which regulate facilities, or significant housing, industrial or commercial devel- development so as to take into account the full spectrum of opment. economic, social, design, and physical community factors. The Department of Environmental Protection will be em- powered to develop guidelines for the preparation of the BICYCLE TRAILS AND FOOTPATHS ACT environmental impact statement and establish procedures for the document's timely review. When warranted, provisions The Bicycle Trails and Footpaths Act requires the Depart- for public hearings on the environmental impact statement will ment of Transportation and counties and municipalities to be conducted. The Commissioner of the Department of Environ- establish and maintain footpaths and bicycle trails at all loca- mental Protection will have the power to approve or disapprove tions, where appropriate, at which a highway, road or street projects from the private sector based on the findings and is being constructed, reconstructed, or relocated. The Depart- recommendations of the impact statement and public input. ment of Transportation is authorized to provide technical The Commissioner will be empowered to make recommenda- assistance and advice to counties and municipalities, when tions to the Governor on major actions of state agencies. requested, in carrying out this Act. ISO The Act also creates the Bicycle Trails and Footpaths resources, the promotion of environmental protection, and the Construction Fund, administered by the Department of Trans- prevention of environmental pollution. portation, with an annual appropriation of $250,000 to aid in . With the permission of the board of freeholders, the coun- the construction and maintenance of bicycle trails and foot- cil would be able to acquire property in the name of the county paths. and then administer these lands in a manner best suited to ful- fill the county's environmental needs. HANDICAPPED CHILDREN'S RECREATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES ACT STATE TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE AND GUIDANCE The Handicapped Children's Recreational Opportunities TO LOCAL ENVIRONMENTAL COMMISSIONS ACT Act authorizes the Commissioner of the Department of Com- This Act provides for technical assistance and guidance munity Affairs, with the advice of recreation experts, to develop to local environmental commissions through the Office of a comprehensive recreation program for handicapped children. Environmental Services of the Department of Environmental This comprehensive program will act as a guideline for each municipality and county, or their delegated agency, in furnish- Protection. The assistance provided will range from technical" ing their recreation activity projects for handicapped children. and legal research, public relations, coordination between Each project must first be approved by the governing body local environmental commissions and environmentally oriented before it is submitted to the Commissioner for his approval. agencies, to information concerning federal and state assis- Each municipality and county operating and maintaining an tance programs and aid in establishing new environmental approved project will receive a sum not to exceed $1.00 for commissions. each two resident handicapped children in order to implement In order to qualify for state assistance, the local environ- the handicapped children's program. mental commission must demonstrate to the Office of Environ- In addition to the $54,000 appropriated for the first fiscal mental Services that it has coordinated its activities with the year to carry out the Act, the Commissioner may accept and municipal planning board so as to avoid duplication and con- expend any gift or grant for any of the purposes of this Act. flicts of effort. To provide for the services authorized by this Act, the Department of Environmental Protection is appropriated COUNTY ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION $100,000. COUNCIL ACT Recognizing the importance of the services provided by SNOWMOBILE REGISTRATION municipal environmental commissions (N.J.S.A. 40:56A-1 et Legislation has been introduced which aims to promote seq., adopted August 6,1968 and amended by N.J.S.A. 40:56A- the safe and proper use of snowmobiles in New Jersey by 1 et seq., adopted May 25, 1972), the Legislature has proposed encouraging their use in ways which would minimize the det- the County Environmental Protection Council Act to encour- rimental effects upon both the environment and the safety and age the establishment of environmental agencies at the county enjoyment of the user and general public. The registration of level in order to provide for cooperation in environmental snowmobiles is required in order to provide for the enforcement matters between state and county governments. The County of provisions concerning their use and control. The provisions Envrionmental Protection Council would be authorized to serve range from limiting their operation upon public highways and as an advisor to the county board of freeholders in the formula- on private property without the consent of the owner, to reduc- tion of comprehensive policies for the protection of natural ing the effects on the environment of excessive noise and 181 affording opportunities for the compatible enjoyment of various EXECUTIVE ORDER recreational activities on the State's lands and open spaces. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENTS CLEANING AGENT CONTROL ACT FOR STATE PROJECTS- The Cleaning Agent Control Act would provide the frame- In his Third Annual Message To The Legislature, Governor work for the Department of Environmental Protection to reg- Cahill announced his intention of issuing an Executive Order ulate the contents of all cleaning agents. For an effective water which will require review and approval by the Department of pollution abatement program, the State should reduce the Environmental Protection of all major projects built or funded sources of polluting agents, some of which are cleaning agents, by the State before they are allowed to proceed. This action wherever possible. When alternatives exist, they should be ex- will insure that state financed development projects will be plored thoroughly, and the one which proves least damaging to designed and constructed for minimum negative impact on the the environment should be chosen except in such cases where environment. there could be harmful side affects to humans. ACT TO PROMOTE RECYCLING PROPOSED LEGISLATION OF BEVERAGE CONTAINERS Because of New Jersey's supply of land suitable for solid OPEN SPACE CONVERSION SURCHARGE waste disposal is rapidly dwindling, the Act to Promote Re- Agricultural land represents valuable, irreplaceable open cycling of Beverage Containers has been proposed. The bill space. For the recreationist, it serves as a feeding ground for would impose a high deposit on drink containers, and thus many species of wildlife, and it is a place for hiking, picnicking, encourage the recycling of containers and reduce the amount birdwatching and other activities. Agricultural land creates of solid waste produced in the State. breaks in the visual landscape and serves as aquifer recharge areas. Therefore, it is essential to the well being of the State's activities to preserve the remaining agricultural land. The alarming rate of agricultural land loss to other uses in It New Jersey is well documented. From 1962 to 1972 the State lost approximately half a million acres of valuable agricultural land; six thousand farms were converted to other uses. The chief factor affecting decisions to sell lands is the capital gain which results from the sale. If land conversion is On October 5, '1973, Governor Cahill issued Executive Order No. 53 requiring all departments and agencies of the State to assess the environ- mental impact of all state funded or state sponsored construction projects in excess of $1 million or those projects located in environmentally sensitive areas. The Department of Environmental Protection will review the environmental impact statements submitted by State agencies and make recommendations on the impact of the projects to the State Planning Task Force. 182 to be slowed, this gain must be reduced. The profits accruing B. Lands sold more than three years after the date of from the sale of land are, in large part, unearned. That is they purchase but less than six years from the date of pur- are created not by the work or investment of the seller, but by chase shall be assessed at a rate of 33.3% of those actions of society at large, and often by government itself. profits exceeding 10% peryear, compounded annually. These actions include the extension of road networks to a 3. Intra-family transfers of lands and sale of lands to govern- particular area, provision of water supply, construction of ment agencies (state or federal) shall be exempt from the sewerage systems, or other similar systems paid for with public surcharge. The monies derived from this surcharge would dollars. The irony in this situation is that government must pro- be dedicated to a special fund to be used for preservation vide these systems, but that government also must insure that and acquisition by the State of open space and for retire- agriculture and open space are preserved, and unwise develop- ment of Green Acres Bonds. ment stopped. Under present structure the achievement of the first goal makes it less likely that the second can be attained. STATE SCENIC AND The Farmland Assessment Act has proven inadequate to RECREATIONAL RIVERS SYSTEM significantly slow the transition of agricultural land to more profitable uses. Other methods of preserving agricultural land Many of New Jersey's streams and rivers, or segments as open space must be implemented. of them, have already lost much of their value as recreational The purpose of the "Open Space Conversion Surcharge" resources. Unfortunately, the products of urbanization, serious is to recapture the unearned increment of profit f rom the sale of water pollution, and intense industrial and residential develop- open lands, and dedicate it to public purposes, where it properly ment along their banks have impaired their use or reduced the belongs since it was created in large part by government action. quality of experiences possible. If New Jersey's remaining un- One result of the surcharge will be to chill the actions of specu- spoiled rivers and streams are to be preserved for future gener- lators, whose role is to assemble usable tracts of open land for ations to enjoy, positive action must be taken now to protect development. Where conversion cannot be stopped or slowed these water courses and their shorelines from encroaching by this measure, the surcharge will provide the funds necessary urbanization. to preserve in their open state other similar lands. To preserve entire rivers or sections of rivers in New The provisions of the "Open Space Conversion Surcharge" Jersey possessing significant scenic, natural or recreational will cover open lands five acres or more in size less than one- qualities, it is proposed that a State Scenic and Recreational fifth of which is occupied by buildings, paving or other improve- Rivers System be established by the New Jersey Legislature. ments. The provisions of the proposed act will require that: Appropriate state agencies would be empowered to take the necessary actions to preserve and protect the values of the 1. Every buyer and every seller must report the purchase or system's components and their adjacent lands. It is proposed sale of such lands to the Local Property Tax Bureau, De- that two classes of component rivers be established: scenic and partment of the Treasury. The report, on Form SR-1A, shall recreational. For each river class, criteria for evaluting pro- indicate the size of the parcel, the full consideration, and posed components setting minimum standards for water qual- the date of the sale or purchase. ity, recreational potential, and scenic and natural values would 2. The Bureau shall bill any seller who has held such lands for be established. Management objectives and policies designed less than six years on the following basis: to protect and enhance the desirable attributes of components A. Lands sold within three years of date of purchase shall would be adopted. be assessed at a rate of 50% of those profits exceeding Components of the state system could be nominated for 10% per year, compounded annually. inclusion in the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System. Upon 183 inclusion in the national system, rivers would be protected Enactment of the bill would require the State to adopt from federally licensed or funded water resource projects guidelines for local land use planning and zoning designed to which would negatively affect them. permit reasonable development consistent with the constraints The initial component of the State Scenic and Recreational imposed by the regional environment. Some municipalities in Rivers System would be the Mullica. Governor Cahill has the area do not have even rudimentary zoning ordinances. The directed the Department of Environmental Protection to take Act would authorize state enactment of zoning ordinances for the appropriate measures to qualify the Mullica River System those municipalities which do not adopt conforming plans and for inclusion in the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System. zoning within one year of the publication of appropriate guide- A prerequisite for national status is passage of state legislation lines. providing adequate protection of the nominated river and its adjoining land areas. THE SKYLANDS REGION PROTECTION ACT Primarily a rural, recreational and watershed area, the AMENDMENT TO THE WATER POLLUTION Skylands Region, in the northern parts of Bergen and Passaic STATUTES -REG IONALIZATION OF SEWER FACILITIES counties, will be undergoing severe development pressure as highways are extended into the area and more visitors arrive. Despite the advantages of regional facilities, i.e., econ- The Skylands Region Protection Act would establish a regional omies of scale, higher degrees of treatment with more complex system of controls over land use in the area, similar to the one and expensive equipment, and employment of well qualified proposed for the Tocks Island Region. personnel, municipalities have been reluctant to form regional sewer districts as urged by the State. Authority to draw district RECREATION FACILITY DEVELOPMENT FUNDING lines and require authority formation is thus needed. It has become apparent that many of New Jersey's citi- The proposed amendment to the Water Pollution statutes zens will be unable to enjoy the benefits of outdoor recreation would give the Department of Environmental Protection the participation because of the lack of sufficient facilities to ac- authority to draw service lines defining a region. If local com- commodate their demands, if new sources of funds for recre- munities fail to form regional authorities, the courts would have ation facility development at the municipal, county and state statutory direction to order the formation of the districts. levels of government are not provided. Therefore, a recreation facilities development program is recommended to be imple- THE TOCKS ISLAND IMPACT mented by either bond issues for state and local capital recre- AREA PROTECTION ACT ation development or by a ten year program funded by annual Completion of the Tocks Island project (Delaware Water state appropriations of $25 million. (See Funding Section.) Gap National Recreation Area) in the Northwest Region is GREEN ACRES BOND ISSUE expected to lead to intense development pressure on the sur- rounding areas. To guard against intrusive and tawdry develop- Because of the alarming rate of open space conversion ment, the Tocks Island Impact Area Protection Act has been to other competing land uses and the increasing need for open proposed by the Governor in his Third Annual Message to the space preservation for recreation and other non-consumptive Legislature, January 9, 1973. Passage of the act would create a beneficial uses, a third Greed Acres bond issue is proposed regional system of controls over the utilization of land to guide to refinance the present Green Acres Program. The recom- development to avoid the loss of those amenities which now mended funding level of the local and state open space acqui- make the region unique. sition bond issue is $100 million. (See Funding Section.) 184 RELATED PROGRAMS In addition to the Continuing Planning Program described wise and orderly resource use and preservation decisions can in Chapter X, the planning staff of the Department of Environ- be made and implemented. Thus the Department has proposed mental Protection has available the planning and research the initiation and development of an Environmental Design Pro- capabilities of other state agencies and programs. Within the gram for New Jersey. The Design will be built to treat the Department itself the Natural Areas and the Historic Sites environment as an interrelated system and will derive concepts, sections are conducting studies and preparing plans which facts and recommendations for action. These will permit the will supplement the recreation plan in these areas. The De- State to shape a better environment for this and future gener- partment is also embarking on a new Environmental Design ations.' Program which will provide data on New Jersey's natural The program plan will have three phases. The first will resources and recommendations for use of land and water include a pilot project focusing on the Passaic River Basin. res6urces. Closely related to this effort is the mapping and The project will gather all pertinent data, prepare visual displays regulating of the State's wetlands areas. and derive action oriented recommendations which will resolve Outside the Department, the Division of State and Region- resource use conflicts, promote statewide balanced resource al Planning and the newly established State Planning Task use patterns and standards, preserve critical resource areas, Force and Advisory Council on the Future of the State will determine alternative mechanisms for the implementation Of provide technical planning capability and directions on ques- each recommendation and assess the probable effects of each tions regarding the State's long range development. alternative. Phase I I involves the partition of the State into meaningful environmental-ecological zones. Phase III will in- ENVIRONMENTAL clude preparation of a report which defines the time, money, DESIGN PROGRAM and manpower required to complete and implement a statewide Resource misuse is probably the most serious and difficult 6 challenge to achieving a reasonable quality environment for New Jersey because it is irreversible and almost out-of-hand. There is no agreement on environmental objectives; there are no resource use standards; and multiple private and public biases continue to run rampant. The Department of Environ- mental Protection has determined that with state leadership, 185 design program and establish zone priorities for preparing are state owned riparian lands. Some entire tracts have been designs. This Design program is expected to begin in mid 1973. purchased by the state or federal governments. The courts The data gathering procedures established and ongoing recognize riparian lands as those which are washed by average under the Environmental Design Program will provide future high tides based on an astronomical cycle of 18.7 years. Wet- outdoor recreation plans with a much expanded and up-to-date lands on the other hand can lie above the average high tide inventory of natural resources in New Jersey and the basis for level and still be sometimes subject to high water because of making important land use decisions in which recreation is storms. (See Legislation for definition of wetlands.) given consideration. Before the Department can enforce controls over the use of wetlands, it has to be able to legally prove exactly which areas are wetlands and which are not. There has never been STATE PLANNING TASK FORCE a sufficiently accurate survey to define the boundaries of the AND ADVISORY COUNCIL ON wetlands. The Act therefore provided two years, until November THE FUTURE OF THE STATE 5, 1972, during which the Department will accurately map the wetlands. When the job is done it is expected that the wetlands Two new study/planning entities have recently been estab- will total between 335,000 and 400,000 acres. lished by action of the Governor: the State Planning Task Force, The wetlands are being mapped with aerial photography, created by Executive Order No. 40 dated December 22, 1972, using a technique never before tried on an entire state. The and the Special Advisory Council on the Future of the State, method hinges on the use of falsecolor infrared color film. This created by the Governor in his Third Annual Message delivered film is sensitive to light rays which the human eye cannot on January 13, 1973. (See Legislation.) detect. Since various kinds of grasses and plants reflect in- Together these groups will be looking at long range ques- frared light differently, they register on film in different colors. tions and dealing with the issue of what the future of New This makes it possible to produce photographs which clearly Jersey should be in order to assure that the development of show the division between species of plants which will grow in the State and its resources is realized in an orderly manner. a saltwater environment and those dependent on freshwater The Planning Task Force will be focusing its efforts on the even though the naked eye or conventional photography cannot preparation of a comprehensive state plan. The Special see any difference from aloft. Advisory Council will take into account the recommendations To be covered by the survey are lands along Raritan Bay of the Task Force in preparing its own recommendations on and the Raritan River to Sandy Hook, down the Atlantic Coast the specific measures necessary to achieve the desired goals. to Cape May and along the Delaware Bay shore and the Delaware River to the head of tidal action at Trenton. This in- cludes tidal portions of an estimated 1,000 streams, many of WETLANDS PROTECTION which remain unnamed. PROGRAM Completion of the aerial mapping of the test sections, in which airplanes fly at an altitude of 6,000 feet and cameras si- Since the signing of the Wetlands Act on November 5, multaneously photograph on infrared color film, conventional 1970, the Department of Environmental Protection has under- color film and black and white film, is being followed by an ex- taken to map and inventory the areas defined as coastal wet- haustive study on the surface. Biologists must identify various lands. plant species to prove that the aerial infrared color method of Such wetlands account for about 5 percent of the land defining wetland boundaries is accurate enough to be accept- area in New Jersey. Part of them are privately owned and part able as evidence in court. Court approval of the technique will 186 make it unnecessary to pursue the costly and time consuming draft of a Natural Areas Comprehensive Plan in 1967. The Plan ground research in the rest of the wetlands. includes a discussion of the various reasons for preserving Maps measuring 3 by 31/2 feet, showing a scale of 1 inch natural areas and the uses to which these areas can be de- for 200 feet, will be prepared from the photographs and filed in voted, management policy including the size of areas neces- courthouses of counties they cover. Transparent tax map over- sary to maintain the ecosystem, use policy including opportun- lays will be provided so that landowners will be able to easily ities for research and education, various types of interpretative learn which properties are under jurisdiction of the Wetlands programs and facilities and an inventory and survey to deter- Act. Affected landowners will also be notified by mail. mine the location and type of protected and unprotected nat- While the intricate mapping project proceeds, other ex- ural areas in the State of New Jersey. perts in the Department of Environmental Protection are com- The inventory included private, public, and quasi-public pleting the proposed land use and development regulations for lands which were preserved either as natural areas or were wetlands. A separate public hearing will be held in each potential natural areas sites. The areas ranged in size from affected county to give the public opportunities to comment on 33 acres to 16,000 acres. Information gathered on each site the regulations, after which a full review will be made before included ownership, acreage, ecological types, purpose of they become law. The Wetlands Act guarantees the individual area, environment bordering the area, future preservation sta- the opportunity to challenge the regulations in court. tus, facilities available and any unusual features of botanical, zoological, geological or historic significance. In addition, each site was rated numerically on a scale according to its quality, NATURAL AREAS PROGRAM protectibility, feasibility and balance. The information compiled in this survey formed the basis of the discussion of natural While there are probably no truly undisturbed natural areas areas in the chapter on land resources in the present plan. left in New Jersey, there still remain areas that have been only Of special consideration in future recreation plans is the slightly altered by man. Some of these have been preserved; plan's concluding discussion of problems of natural areas pres- others have not. ervation and recommendations for approachs to deal with Natural areas are defined as areas of land or water which these problems. To deal with these issues, the plan recom- have retained their primeval character although not necessarily mends better coordination by state or private agencies and completely natural and undisturbed but having rare or vanishing organizations owning or managing natural areas, continual species of plant or animal life or having similar features of surveys, development of a master plan and management policy. interest which are worthy of preservation for the use of present in addition the Plan recommends that natural areas receive and future residents of the State of New Jersey. In order to pre- special preservation status and protection through state legis- serve these areas as living museums and to provide research lation and consideration of limiting use of unique areas before opportunities and public education facilities based on these they are destroyed by over use. tracts, the Natural Areas Section was established within the The authority vested in the Natural Areas Section by the Bureau of Parks of the Department of Environmental Protection 1961 Act includes finalizing the Natural Areas Comprehensive in 1961. Plan, conducting surveys, recommending an over-all program A major function of the Natural Areas Section is to make of acquisition, maintaining and operating lands, preparing and periodic statewide surveys to deter 'mine the availability of land disseminating literature and other materials to inform the that should be preserved as natural areas or as wildlife pre- public with respect to New Jersey's natural areas program and serves and recommend an overall program of acquisition. In consulting with and cooperating with conservation and- natural- fulfillment of this duty the Section completed a preliminary ist groups and organizations in the acquisition and mainte- 187 nance of natural areas. In view of these powers and respon- in September of 1970 and, approved by the National Park Ser- sibilities, along with its preliminary plan and already completed vice, will continue in effect until June of 1973. The plan consists inventory, the Natural Areas Section can be expected to detail of a preliminary master plan and survey of historic sites. When recommendations for the implementation of the plan and pre- completed in 1973 this plan will include discussions of preser- pare final inventories and recommendations for legislation, vation problems and recommendations, an historical survey, an funding and staffing. A final master plan outlining not only a historic sites inventory and an annual preservation program. statewide natural areas system and the means for preserving The initial inventory provided the basis for the discussion of it and utilizing it for the benefit of the State's citizens historic sites in the chapter on land resources in the current will provide a valuable resource for research and education as plan and future work by the Historic Sites Section will be part well as the preparation of future recreation plans. of the updating of the statewide recreation plan. HISTORIC SITES PROGRAM BICENTENNIAL Historic preservation is a necessary facet of being. We Plans to celebrate the Nation's two hundredth birthday are must know where we have been in order to know where we are currently being developed in New Jersey. Under the direction of going. New Jersey has a rich heritage established on native, the New Jersey Historical Commission, a network of official Dutch, Swedish, and English backgrounds. It played a vital role county and municipal Bicentennial Committees have been in the nineteenth century by accepting immigrants of many established in all 21 counties and in the "Big Six" cities of nationalities. New Jersey began by being an agricultural state, Camden, Elizabeth, Jersey City, Newark, Paterson and Trenton. expanded on invention and industry as a part of a young re- Coordinating the efforts of all these groups in the future will be public, and became, by the twentieth century a highly urbanized the New Jersey American Revolution Bicentennial Celebration state. Commission, created by legislation which Governor Cahill In order to preserve the significant objects and structures signed on March 2, 1973. (See Legislation and Related Actions of the past, the Historic Sites Section was established in 1945 Chapter.) within the Bureau of Parks of the Department of Environmental Communication and coordination of plans will be partially Protection. The responsibilities and programs of this office are achieved by the mechanism of "Let's Talk Bicentennial" con- numerous and contribute to the preservation and interpretation ferences. These meetings include representatives from all of the State's historic resources. These programs include the official Bicentennial Committees and reports on programs and administration of state owned historic sites, maintenance of a plans of each committee plus progress reports on state and na- statewide historic sites inventory, restoration projects, public tional programs are given. communication, education and interpretation, historic archeo- The New Jersey Bicentennial legislation provides a logical investigation, historic marker program and the State $250,000 allocation for the first year of operation. This will Register of Historic Places. give the new agency a head start in raising money from busi- Of major interest to the statewide recreation plan is the ness and using its authority to enter a wide range of activities. preparation by the Historic Sites Section of the Comprehensive Historic Preservation Plan, under guidelines and with financial Z01VISIO1V OF STATE AND assistance from the National Parks Service, which is intended REGIONAL PLANNING to supplement the recreation plan in the area of historic sites and to conform with the policies and recommendations of the The Division of State and Regional Planning is located recreation plan. A preliminary draft of the plan was completed within the New Jersey Department of Community Affairs. The 188 Division, including bureaus of statewide planning, regional redevelopment, and renewal of the State; and for such planning, and community development, operates under a man- regions and localities as are or shall be established by date to promote programs to insure the orderly development of the Legislature, or for which federal funds shall be the State's physical assets by. made available. � assemblying and analyzing pertinent facts as to existing Of special interest to the statewide recreation plan are the development conditions and trends; many studies and reports prepared by the Division. These in- clude, among others, Residential Development of New Jersey, � preparing and maintaining a State Development Plan Commercial Land Use in New Jersey, The Impact of Popula- and long-term development and capital improvement tion and Economic Growth on the Environment of New Jersey, program for the future improvement and development New Jersey's Shore: An Inventory and Analysis of Land Use, of the State; The Setting for Regional Planning in New Jersey and Commun- � undertaking the task of achieving fuller coordination and ity Planning. A major resource for the present plan has been integration of the development activities of the several the Open Space Policy report used as a guideline for open state departments; stimulating, assisting, and coordinat- space standards for all levels of government in New Jersey. ing local, county, and regional planning activities; In addition to planning and research publications the Divi- sion of State and Regional Planning offers a resource ol tech- and conducting such studies as shall be necessary for nical capability available to assist the planning staff of the the design and administration of programs of technical Department of Environmental Protection in the preparation of and financial assistance for the planning, development, the statewide recreation plan. CONTINUING PLANNING To maintain and update a Statewide Comprehensive Out- In addition to inventories and studies, a major effort will door Recreation Plan it is essential to review and evaluate be made during the continuing planning program to formalize portions of the plan through a continuous, ongoing planning contacts with federal, state and regional recreation or planning program. Each update should reevaluate goals, objectives, agencies, where these contacts have not already been estab- policies and priorities in light of changes in the quantity and lished. The purpose of this undertaking is to coordinate open type of outdoor recreation facilities demanded. New Jersey's space and recreation planning programs. Coordination with planning program is designed to provide up-to-date information county park and planning commissions will also be an important through inventories of recreation facilities and resources and goal of the planning program in order to assist local govern- studies of special concern. This information will provide the ments in determining recreation needs, to insure that future basis for designing acquisition and development programs and state plans will meet local planning needs for inventories and allocating funds to best meet the recreation needs of New Jer- special studies as well as to gain local support for state pro- sey residents and to insure the protection of unique natural and grams. cultural resources. Inventories 7@1 7 To provide accurate, up-to-date supply data for the next 3 plan, inventories of public and private outdoor recreation facil- ities and open space recreation lands will be undertaken. Since the privately owned supply was reinventoried for only a few ac tivities in the current plan, it is important that the next planning 4 program give high priority to a comprehensive inventory of the private supply of recreation lands and facilities. New invento- ries will also survey activities not previously included. These activities will be those which have received new popularity (e.g., ski touring) or been affected by new technological ad- @4- vances (e.g., snowmobiling). New inventories will provide more information than past inventories. To begin with, activity definitions and capacity 190 calculations will be re-examined. The outcome of this review determine the scale and design of more extensive future will suggest what data on land and water resources and recre- studies. ation facilities should be collected to provide the basis for realistic capacity determinations. In addition, it is felt that data on parking capacity, means of accessibility, service facilities DEMAND and fees should be included. In tabulating inventory data, changes will be made in the Demand methodology used in this and the previous New aggregation of data for future planning purposes. The supply Jersey Outdoor Recreation Plan relied on the data of the Out- data in the preseint plan has been aggregated by planning door Recreation Resources Review Commission (ORRRC) re- regions. Although this regional approach conforms with Bureau ports completed in 1962. This study examined the relationship of Outdoor Recreation guidelines and is useful for statewide of recreation participation and various socio-economic factors. planning, each region includes two or more counties. For this It is difficult to justify continued use of this information to de- reason the regional totals are not easily adaptable for use by termine current participation characteristics and to project local levels of government. Thus, future inventory summaries future recreation demand by New Jersey residents based will provide county totals in addition to the required regional primarily on the fact that the ORRRC information is now about totals. ten years old and has not been re-evaluated in terms of more recent information and trends. Also, since the ORRRC data grouped states together into regions, studies should be con- ducted which focus on New Jersey residents to determine what Special Studies are their recreation participation interests and needs by socio- economic groups, ethnic groups, and special needs groups and Along with the inventories, a number of special studies to define distinctions between urban and rural recreation are needed to provide information and to improve methodolo- experiences in New Jersey. gies for, future plans. Current planning efforts are hindered by The goal of future demand studies will be to gain informa- insufficient information in several areas. The greatest need is tion on what type of recreation activities New Jersey residents for a stud; of the relationship of rates of participation in various participate in and where they go to seek these experiences. activities to the socio-economic characteristics of New Jersey These studies will also include participation in and demand for residents. In @addition, major studies are recommended on the activities not previously included in the state plan. This infor- following topics: urban needs, special groups, recreation stan- mation will be gathered by sample surveys of areas across. the dards, environmental education, recreation travel patterns of State and organized for cross-tabulation by type of develop- residents and non-residents, trails, scenic and recreational ment pattern (urban, suburban and rural) and population char- rivers including the Mullica River System, freshwater re- acteristics including age groups, educational levels, income sources, and the Atlantic Coastline. levels, ethnic backgrounds and other characteristics which may Some of these topics were proposed for study in the pre- be considered important. vious plan but were not undertaken. These previously outlined In addition, studies will be designed to determine the topics plus some new ones are proposed for study during the nature and extent of latent demand or unfulfilled interest in continuing planning program. They will be undertaken either recreation participation. The possible changes in recreation as separate studies or combined into larger studies wherever patterns produced by increased leisure time will also be evalu- possible. In some cases, the topics are so vast that only pilot ated to determine what impact this factor is having on the use projects will be undertaken at this time with the findings to of facilities both to ascertain how and when facilities are used 191 and what must be done to protect our natural resources from This approach assumes that people know what activities they overuse caused by increased recreation demand. want and where to find them. No serious attempt has been made to determine whether one segment of the population URBAN NEEDS needs or wants facilities which are different from those wanted Since the rate of urbanization is increasing yearly and the by another group. Statewide plans generally do not explore percent of the State's population living in urbanized areas is demands and needs in such detail. To a limited extent in this growing, it is imperative that all levels of government under- plan and to a much greater degree in future plans, as more in- stand the nature and extent of urban recreation resources and formation becomes available, recommendations will deal with demand and needs before all open space and natural re- this problem. sources are lost to other land uses. The Urban Needs Study conducted for the present plan provided information on the extent to which municipalities are meeting the needs of urban residents for close-to-home activi- ties. Further information is needed on the supply and location of private facilities. Other important aspects of urban recreation all recreation resources in urban areas including public and are the programs which encourage recreation participation and enable people who would normally be unaware of their opportu- nities or be unable to use them to enjoy recreational experi- ences. These would include education, safety, transportation and outreach programs. This study would be concerned with all jurisdictions and would be designed to determine what roles and responsibilities each should assume. The municipalities included in the study would be chosen by criteria such as gross population, popula- tion density and population growth rate. During the continuing planning program, a study will be The nature and problems of recreation in New Jersey's undertaken to define these groups in New Jersey, including urban areas must be defined it specific facilities and programs the elderly, the handicapped and the physically and econom- are to be devised to deal with them. This necessitates ex- ically disadvantaged, and people with distinctive ethnic or amining urban municipalities in order to see what facilities cultural orientations. Data will be gathered on each group exist, what are their capacities, what are their condition and indicating its size and locations, recreation and leisure time level of maintenance, who uses them and for what types of activities and interest, factors preventing full participat 'ion, act!'vities, and what are the physical or social barriers pre- and what facilities and outreach programs are needed to help venting maximum use. these people find the opportunities they desire. SPECIAL GROUPS RECREATION STANDARDS The focus of this plan and indeed of most statewide recre- The current plan points out that facility standards accept- ation plans is primarily on determining the needs of the general able in rural areas are not necessarily acceptable in urban population for open space and outdoor recreation facilities. areas. Urban residents, for example, may be accustomed to 192 more heavily used swimming pools than suburban residents In 1971, New Jersey took a major step forward in pro- would willingly tolerate. For this reason, the Urban Needs Study viding the means for promoting environmental education followed a somewhat different approach to determine demand throughout the State. The Environmental Education Act has in urban areas than was used in the statewide demand method- stimulated the development of numerous environmentally ology. oriented programs in local schools. Previously (in 1967), the Although this assumption is assumed valid, the extent and State had created a State Council for Environmental Education nature of these differences have yet to be defined in New Jer- with funds from Title I I I of ESEA. The Council prepared a Mas- sey. As part of the continuing planning program, a study will ter Plan for Environmental Education which lays out a broad be undertaken to survey use patterns of different types of course of action which will unify in a cooperative effort the facilities in urban, suburban and rural settings. This data will many isolated environmental education activities now going on provide the basis for determining facility standards for all activi- in the State, to result in a comprehensive program of elemen- ties and types of areas in New Jersey. A comparison of these tary and secondary, adult and higher education. The council conclusions with refined demand data will provide a more pre- has also undertaken several projects dealing with curriculum, cise basis for determining needs. training and administrative components of environmental education. The Department of Education is instructed by the 1971 Act to consult with the Department of Environmental Protection "to designate and operate and develop Regional Environmental Education Centers and facilities for the purposes of assisting in the development of environmental education programs in each school district and providing environmental education instruction to public and non-profit elementary and secondary students and teachers." In its capacity of providing information to the public on environmentally related topics and assisting local environmental commissions, it is appropriate for the Department of Environmental Protection to take an active role in promoting and assisting in the development of all types of environmental education programs. As a part of this effor t, ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION the continuing planning program will explore ways in which the Department is currently fulfilling this responsibility and In an effort to help the citizens of New Jersey better under- determine what additional efforts the Department could be stand their State, its natural resources, its economic and social making in this area through technical assistance, use of state trends, and threats to its environmental quality, programs of lands as learning laboratories, etc. environmental education are important. Such programs include classroom work as well as field work for all school age young RECREATION TRAVEL PATTERNS OF RESIDENTS people and public information programs for all age groups. The AND NON-RESIDENTS purpose of these programs is to make people aware of their State's natural resources and environmental quality and the In New Jersey there is a high degree of travel for recre- need to take care of these resources before they are destroyed ation purposes by residents and non-residents. Residents of altogether. neighboring states, especially those which are designated in 193 the plan as part of the Recreation Sphere of Influence, travel TRAILS in large numbers to New Jersey's recreation areas, primarily The National Trails System Act of 1968 designated the the Atlantic coastline, for both vacation and day use visits. Appalachian Trail, of which approximately 60 miles are within The pattern is also seen in reverse with many New Jersey the northwestern section of New Jersey, as one of the initial residents traveling north, south, east and west, often out-of- components of the system. Two other trails in New Jersey have state, for a wide variety of recreation experiences. Some in- been designated as components of the national system. Both formation on resident travel patterns was provided by a study these trails, the Palisades Shore Trail and the Palisades Long prepared in conjunction with the earlier statewide recreation Path, are in the Palisades Interstate Park and were designated plan. Studies which will shed additional light on the travel pat- as National Recreation Trails. terns of both groups would be helpful in recreation and trans- There are other trails and rights-of-way in New Jersey portation planning. It would be useful to know where non-resi- which are potential candidates for inclusion as National Recre- dents come from, who they are, where they go in New Jersey ation Trails. Canal towpaths, railroad abandonments, utility and for what purpose. New Jersey residents, on the other hand, rights-of-way and existing trails can and do provide opportuni- seek recreation opportunities outside the State. It would be ties for hiking, horseback riding, bicycling, snowmobile and useful to know some of the characteristics of these people, why motorcycle riding or a combination of these uses. These poten- they are going out of the State rather than seeking recreation tial trails are reasonably accessible to urban areas and could be in New Jersey, and where they are going. If New Jersey's citi- considered for national designation. However, before these zens are forced to travel out of state to seek recreation facilities trails can be nominated to receive national recreation status, which should be available within the State, this will demonstrate their corridors should be publicly owned or placed under ease- the critical need for more massive and more effective planning, ment agreements to insure their availability to the public for at funding and construction of recreation facilities within New least ten consecutive years. A trails study conducted for the Jersey. purpose of establishing a statewide system of interconnecting -.6 194 trails will permit the State to undertake a program of identi- (totaling approximately 100 miles in length) of the Mullica fying and nominating trails for national recognition. River, Bass River, Batsto River, Nescochague Creek, and the Wading River including the West Branch and East Branch MULLICA RIVER SYSTEM-STATE SCENIC AND (Oswego River). RECREATIONAL RIVERS SYSTEM New Jersey, due to its geological heritage, has many fine rivers and streams suitable for various recreational activit ie s commonly associated with such water courses. Already many of New Jersey's streams and rivers, or segments of them, have lost much of their value as recreational resources. Unfortunate- ly, the products of urbanization- serious water pollution and intense industrial and residential development along their banks-have impaired recreational use of these rivers or re- W duced the quality of experience possible. The Department of Environmental Protection has been W116= directed by the Governor to take all of the steps necessary to have the Mullica River System designated a component of the 4VI National Wild and Scenic Rivers System and receive the pro- tection provided under this program. To accomplish this task the Department will conduct a study to determine the suitability -Mi of the rivers comprising the system (see list) for national designation as required by the National Wild and Scenic Rivers Act. A bill creating a State Scenic and Recreational Rivers Sys- tem and designating the Mullica River System as the initial component will be drafted and presented to the State Legisla- ture for enactment. Permanent protection of the system's components and adjoining lands will be provided in the pro posed act in conformance with federal requirements. Other rivers or sections of rivers in New Jersey possessing Mullica - The entire river, except that portion which lies significant scenic, natural or recreation qualities will be studied upstream from Medford Road (approximately 42 miles for possible inclusion in the state system and nomination to the in length). national system. The following list of rivers identified for study is not intended to represent a complete list of candidates. Bass River-The segment (approximately 5 miles in length) below Stage Road to its confluence with the Potential Components Of The State Mullica River. Scenic and Recreational Rivers System Batsto River-The segment (approximately 14 miles in Mullica River System (Atlantic, Burlington, Camden and Ocean length) between the hamlet of Hampton Gate and its Counties; Southwest and South Shore Regions): Sections confluence with the Mullica River. 195 Nescochague Creek and Great Swamp Branch-The Great Egg Harbor River (Atlantic County; South Shore Re- segment (approximately 7 miles in length) from Route 206 gion) -The segment (approximately 22 miles in length) begin- to its confluence with the Mullica. River. ning below the dam at the hamlet of Penny Pot and terminating Wading River and its tributaries, the East Branch (Oswego at Great Egg Harbor Bay. River) and the West Branch-The Wading River (ap- Maurice River (Salem and Cumberland Counties; Delaware proximately 10 miles in length) from the confluence of the Bay Region) -The segment (approximately 17 miles in length) East and West Branches to its confluence with the Mullica beginning at a point 2 miles downstream from Malaga to the River, the segment (approximately 12 miles in length) of dam at Millville City creating Union Lake. the East Branch downstream from the reservoir at Sims Place and the segment (approximately 12 miles in length) FRESHWATER RESOURCES of the West Branch downstream from Route 563 at Speedwell. In preparing the present plan, a survey of the State's lakes, ponds and reservoirs was conducted. The inventory identified Passaic River (Essex, Morris, Passaic, Somerset and Union all freshwater resources in New Jersey, their location by munic- Counties; Northeast and Central Corridor Regions) -The seg- ipality and county, their size and ownership and whether or ment (approximately 32 miles in length) from Route 512 below not they were open for recreational use. This data formed the Millington to Route 23 at Signac. basis for much of the plan's discussion of water resources. Ad- ditional information is required, however, to permit more de- South Branch of the Raritan River (Hunterdon and Somerset tailed analysis and recommendations for meeting the State's Counties; Northwest and Central Corridor Regions) -The seg- demand for water-based recreation. ment (approximately 25 miles in length) from High Bridge to As part of the continuing planning program, it is proposed its confluence with the North Branch. to explore the following questions: (1) what is the relationship Rancocas Creek (Burlington County; Southwest Region) -The of water body size to type of activity use; (2) what is the com- segment (approximately 23 miles in length) from Browns Mills patibility of use by different activities from boating to swimming; downstream to its confluence with the Delaware River. (3) to what extent is access available including different modes of transportation, parking spaces and boat launching facilities. Ramapo River (Bergen, Morris and Passaic Counties; North Central and Northeast Regions) -The segment (approximately ATLANTIC COASTLINE 18 miles in length) from Route 517 two miles upstream from New Jersey's single greatest natural resource is its Atlan- Darlington to its confluence with the Passaic River. tic Coastline, famous for its beaches and boating opportunities. North Branch of the Raritan River (Somerset County; Central Since the latter part of the nineteenth century, New Jersey's Corridor Region) -The segment (approximately 10 miles in temperate Atlantic shore has provided fashionable resorts length) from Route 523 at Bedminister downstream to its con- (e.g., Atlantic City, Cape May, Red Bank, Long Branch, Ocean fluence with the South Branch. City and Asbury Park) and served as a recreational outlet for Philadelphia, New York City and New Jersey's urban centers. Paulins Kill (Sussex and Warren Counties; Northwest Re- The shore areas are now experiencing a number of prob- gion) -The segment (approximately 18 miles in length) from lems which may reduce the attractiveness and usefulness of Stillwater to its confluence with the Delaware River at Colum- coastal resources. These problems include beach erosion, bia. water pollution, user fees, and lack of access because of the 196 inadequacies of transportation, parking spaces and launching Sehedule areas. Despite these difficulties the shore still draws large numbers of people on hot summer weekends from urban inland areas of New Jersey and neighboring states. These people The time schedule for completing the Continuing Planning are often attracted to a relatively few heavily used areas while Program extends to four years, beginning July 1, 1973, in other parts of the shore are underutilized. order to enable the Department of Environmental Protection To insure the proper distribution of shore use and pro- to address itself to all the areas of study deemed important tection of the quality of this resource, a detailed study of beach and to permit the in depth research which will make the studies an'd water area (coastal zone and bays), facility supply owner- meaningful. ship, fees, water quality, user origin, parking and boat launch- The scheduling of work within the four-year period has ing facilities will be undertaken. (Additional information on the taken into consideration the following factors: the importance coastal wetlands will be provided under the wetlands legislation of the project; the stage at which the information is needed; the and inventory. See Related Programs.) With this information, length of time required to gather the information and any pos- state and local governments will be better able to utilize this sible difficulties in designing, testing and carrying out data resource to its capacity and, thus, maintain recreational op- collection procedures; the interrelationship of studies to the portunities for New Jersey residents and a highly valuable extent that a study can be combined with another to facilitate tourist industry. data gathering or that one study requires information collected V/ 4; 6 "411 A 1 rz, f"@/f 197 CONTINUING PLANNING PROGRAM in another study; and the currency of the data (i.e., putting the TIME WORK SCHEDULE inventories as far forward as possible so the data will be rea- sonably current when the final plan is prepared). When studies INVENTORIES 1973-1974 1974-1975 11975-1 97C 1976-1977 were not affected by any of these factors, they were scheduled so as to provide as nearly as possible an even distribution of the Public Open Space work load. (See Table.) Private Open Space Public Facilities Private Facilities Staffing Supervision and coordination of the Continuing Planning STUDIES Program will be provided by the comprehensive recreation planning staff of the Department of Environmental Protection's Demand Office of Environmental Review. The three full-time planning Urban Needs Xxxx% positions presently devoted to SCORP work will continue to be involved in the Continuing Planning Program. Their role, how- Special Groups M.X.. ever, will be primarily a supervisory one. The studies and in- XXX X. ventories will be designed, their conduct coordinated and in Recreation Standards X X-:-X-N-:-:-X ... ........... some cases the work done, the data tabulated and analyzed Environmental Education and the revised plan prepared by this staff. Much of the time and manpower needed to carry out the detailed work of the Travel Patterns studies and inventories will be provided by a number of public and private institutions and organizations many of whom have Trails provided assistance in the past and have indicated a desire and .... .. commitment to do so in the future. Scenic & Recreational Rivers The public agencies at the state level include, first of all, Freshwater Resources the divisions and personnel of the Department of Environmental Protection. Additional state agencies will be utilized where At lant ic Coast -the Division their expertise and personnel are appropriate of State and Regional Planning and the Division of Human Resources in the Department of Community Affairs; the Divi- PREPARATION OF DETAILED X- Sion of Planning and Research in the Department of Transport- FRAMEWORK FOR CONTINUING ation; the Council on Environmental Education of the Depart- PLANNING PROGRAM ment of Education; the State Soil Conservation Service; and the Division of Planning in the Department of Institutions and Agen- cies. At the local level, county park, planning, and environmen- PREPARATION OF UPDATED tal commissions plus municipal environmental commissions will COMPREHENSIVE OUTDOOR .......... ... M - F RECREATION PLAN assist in updating open space and facility inventories. In addi- tion to the public agencies, the private sector can be expected 198 to cooperate through the services of the Audubon Society, the has been determined. During the first six months of the Con- New Jersey-New York Trails Conference, the New Jersey Asso- tinuing Planning Program, the Department's comprehensive ciation for Retarded Children and the Sierra Club. recreation planning staff will study all aspects of the program Another vital source will be the State's institutions of in detail. Each study will be outlined in terms of goals, data to higher education. The Department of Environmental Protection be collected and the procedures for analysis, and the use to has several projects underway with the State University at which the information will be made in the comprehensive plan. Rutgers and this institution can provide valuable assistance in When this has been completed, the staff will, when appropriate, a number of ways. Furthermore, the Department has developed contact those individuals or groups whose assistance will be cooperative arrangements with state colleges and private required to carry out the specific work tasks. institutions such as Princeton and Fairleigh-Dickinson. The tabulation and analysis of data will be facilitated by the In addition, it may be necessary to draw upon consultants use of the programming and computer capabilities of the De- to carry out specific study projects. This will be done when the partment of Environmental Protection as well as similar techni- needed skills can best be provided in this manner. cal capability in other agencies. It is the intention of the Office The exact nature of the services provided by each of these of Environmental Review to use this capability in creating an agencies and organizations cannot be delineated until the efficient system of data collection and analysis for all aspects specific objectives and methodology of each of the studies of the Continuing Planning Program. 'A@ REA, "7 199 APPENDICES APPENDIX A mental Protection, and the office of Commissioner of Conserva- tion and Economic Development is hereby continued and LEGAL CITATIONS (NEW JERSEY STATUTES) designated as the office of the Commissioner of Environmental Protection. L.1970, c. 33, � 2, eff. Apr. 22, 1970. 113AB-65. Federalgrants The department, or any of the divisions established here- 113:113-2. Continuation of functions under, may, subject to the approval of the Governor and Com- Except as otherwise provided by this act, all the functions, missioner of Conservation and Economic Development, apply powers and duties of the existing Department of Conservation for and accept grants from the Federal Government or any and Economic Development and the commissioner thereof are agency thereof, and may comply with the terms, conditions and continued in the Department of Environmental Protection as limitations thereof, for any of the purposes of the department, hereby designated and in the office of the commissioner there- or of such division. Any money so received may be expended of. L.1970, c. 33, � 2, eff. Apr. 22, 1970. by the department, or such division, subject to any limitations imposed in such grants to effect any of the purposes of the department, or of such division, as the case may be, upon warrant of the Director of the Division of Budget and Account- 13:1 D-9. Powers of department ing of the Department of the Treasury on vouchers certified and The department shall formulate comprehensive policies approved by the Commissioner of Conservation and Economic for the conservation of the natural resources of the State, the Development. L.1948, c. 448, p. 1842, � 116. promotion of environmental protection and the prevention of pollution of the environment of the State. The department shall in addition to the powers and duties vested in it by this act or 13:1 D-1. Reorganization of Department of Conservation and by any other law have the power to: ... Economic Development With the approval of the Governor, cooperate with, apply The Department of Conservation and Economic Develop- for, receive and expend funds from, the Federal Government, ment heretofore established as a principal department in the the State Government, or any county or municipal government Executive Branch of the State Government is hereby reorga- or from any public or private sources for any of the objects of nized, continued and designated as the Department of Environ- this act; ... 201 APPENDIX R METHODOLOGY OF DEMAND DERIVATION The main objective of the methodology is to provide a framework by which demand may be estimated for an average S-r-A.T11 OF NIEW JIERSBY weekend day in the peak season. In Chapter 11, innovative OFFICB OP @HB OOVERNOR TnEN@ON concepts and techniques employed in the methodology were discussed; the following paragraphs will explain in detail the W110.. I. C-ILL procedures followed in the conversion of activity days derived G- ..... in the ORRRC studies for the Northeastern region of the United States to recreation demand for New Jersey. Because of the similarity of the socio-economic charac- Re: A3819 teristics of New Jersey to those of the Northeastern region of Dear Mr. Hofe: Designations of State Officials and Agencies the United States, the ORRRC Northeastern activity days were Pursuant to Section 5(f) of the Land and Water Conservation Fund considered reflective of the influence of these characteristics Act relating to the State officials and agencies having authority to on recreation participation and adequate for use in the method- acce Pt Land and Water Conservation Fund payments, I am pleased to designate Richard J. Sullivan, Commissioner of our newly established ology as the basis for determining New Jersey's recreation Department of Environmental Protection, as State Liaison Officer for the State of New Jersey to the Land and Water Conservation Fund Program, demand. Bureau of Outdoor Recreation. In the ORRRC studies, activity days were determined for Commissioner Sullivan, acting in the capacity of State Liaison 1960 for the Northeast region of the nation and then pro- Offic?r. will have full authority and responsibility to accept and to. admin Is ter funds paid for approved Land and Water Conservation Fund jected for the years 1976 and 2000 for the entire United Projects. States.' Since this plan's reference years, 1970 and 1985, do Sincerely, not correspond with the ORRRC projection years, the fore- /s/ William T. Cahill casted percentage increases for the United States were ap- GOVERNOR plied to the Northeastern activity days. The Northeast activity Mr. G. Douglas Hofe, Jr., rates were then projected to 1970, 1985 and 2000 as shown in Director Table 1. Bureau of Outdoor Recreation The Northeast ORRRC activity rates for the peak season, United States De partment of the Interior Washington, D.C. 20240 expressed in terms of "activity days", represent the number of May 13, 1970 separate activity occasions engaged in by an individual during cc: Mr. Rolland B. Handley the peak season. Since people commonly participate in two Mr. Richard J. Sullivan or more activities during a day, activity days converted to demand would represent the total number of persons recreating for a day. In order to facilitate comparison of demand to the capacities of facilities, activity days were converted to recrea- tion days, persons participating in an activity for a day. For the J IORRRC Report #19, pp. 122-138, Tables 1.02.02-1.02.18, p. 22, Table 6. 202 TABLE 1: DERIVATION OF THE ACTIVITY RATE TABLE 2: ACTIVITY AND RECREATION DAYS FOR SWIMMING, 1970, 1985, 2000 PER PERSON IN 1970, 1985 AND 2000 1970 1985 2000 1. U.S. Swimming Activity Days (ORRRC) Activity Recreation Activity Recreation Activity Recreation a. In 1960-5.15 Activity Days Per Person Days Days Days Days Days Days b. In 2000-10.42 Activity Days Per Person Swimming 8.565 4.283 1 I-1a3 5.592 13.800 6.960 Driving for Pleasure 8.020 4.010 9.205 4.602 10.390 5.195 c. The increase is 102.3% Walking for Pleasure 7@298 3.649 8.380 4.190 9,460 4.730 Playing Outdoor Games 4,815 2.408 6.173 3.087 7.530 3.760 2. Northeast Swimming Activity Days Picnicking 3.208 1.604 3.805 1.903 4.400 2.220 Sightseeing 2,689 1.344 3.734 1.867 4.790 2.340 a. In 1960 - 6.82 Activity Days Per Person Fishing 1,947 .973 2.235 1.117 2,530 1.260 b. 6.82 X 102.3% = 6.98 Activity Days Per Person Increase Bicycling 1.770 .885 2.034 1.017 2.300 1.150 by 2000 Boating 1.764 .882 2.337 1.169 2.910 1.470 c. 6.82 + 6.98 = 13.80 Activity Days Per Person in 2000 Sledding 1@336 .668 1.771 .885 2@210 1.100 Ice Skating 1.260 .630 1.673 .837 2.090 1.050 Nature Walking 1.260 .630 1.448 .724 1.640 .820 3. The Swimming activity rate per person increased 6.98 between Attending Outdoor Sports 1@255 .627 1.413 .707 1.570 .780 1960 and 2000, an annual increase of .1745 Hunting .598 .299 .598 .299 .590 .290 Camping .518 .259 .800 .400 1.080 .540 4. 1970 rate = 10(.1745) + 6.82 = 8.565 Swimming Activity Days Water Skiing .428 .214 .635 .317 .840 .420 Per Person Hiking .418 .209 .636 .318 .860 .430 Attending Outdoor Concerts .405 .203 .518 .259 .630 .310 1985 rate = 25(.1745) + 6.82 = 11.1825 Swimming Activity Horseback Riding .322 .161 .367 .183 .410 .200 Days Per Person Snow Skiing .230 .115 .344 .172 .460 .230 2000 rate = 40(.1745) + 6.82 = 13.80 Swimming Activity Days Sailing .130 .065 .170 .085 .210 .100 Canoeing .110 .055 .148 .074 .190 .090 Per Person Mountain Climbing .092 .046 .137 .068 .180 .090 Totals 46.438 24.219 59.744 29.872 71.070 35.535 purpose of this study, it was assumed that, on the average, a Northeast rates resulting in 9.82 in 1970, 11.77 in 1985, and person will participate in two recreation activities per day. The 13.10 in 2000. The home days per person were derived by total number of activity days per person for each activity was subtracting the away days from the total recreation days as then divided by two to arrive at recreation days (see Table 2). indicated below. Since many people travel long distances to participate in 1970 1985 2000 outdoor recreation, interregional trips by New Jersey residents Total Recreation Days 24.22 29.87 35.54 within New Jersey and out-of-state residents recreating in New Away Days -9.82 -11.77 -13.10 Jersey were considered in the demand derivation. ORRRC Home Days 14.40 18.10 22.44 reported the total away recreation days occurring during the The distribution of away days and home days for each 1960 peak season as 8.6 days per person in the Northeast activity was based upon the percent distribution data for the region .2 However, ORRRC did not forecast the peak season major purpose of trips and outings reported by ORRR C. 3 The away days for the Northeast region, and it was necessary to final determination of recreation days occurring away from apply the nationally projected increase in away days to the home was based upon judgment as to a reasonable relation 2 ORRRC Report # 19, p. 369, Table 5.43. 31bid., p. 363, Table 5.37. 203 between total recreation days and away days for each activity. For study purposes, it was assumed that all out-of-state The distribution of home recreation days was then determined away demand originated from within the bounds of New by subtracting the estimated away days from the total recrea- Jersey's RSI. However, it must be noted that not all of New tion days. Jersey's away demand originates within the RSI. But the To determine the total recreation demand, the home and recreation influence of a larger area would be extremely away recreation days were treated separately. Since home difficult to analyze in terms of population, relative attractiveness based recreation demand will occur in the region of residence, of New Jersey recreation areas and other factors. it was assumed that home recreation demand is a function of New Jersey and its RSI were divided into eleven zones and the population of each region. Therefore, the home recreation a centroid was then selected for each zone. It was assumed days for each activity were multiplied by the 1970 population of all travel emanating from the zone originated at that point. Two each region to yield peak season home recreation demand for circles were drawn, one for vacations and trips and one for each region. This procedure was repeated for 1985 and 2000 outings with radii corresponding to appropriate travel dis- using population forecasts and activity rate projections. tances. (Refer to map entitled "Influence Areas For Away Region Population X Recreation Day =Home Recreation Demand Demand.") during Peak Season From the 1960 Census of Housing the number of vacation Since away demand involves an interregional and inter- homes within each travel range circle was determined. The state trip, the total away recreation demand in New Jersey was proportion of total vacation homes in New Jersey within the first estimated and then distributed to the regions based on travel range circle of a zone was used to estimate the some measure of relative attractiveness of the various recrea- tendency of people from that particular zone to satisfy in New tion regions; that is, those areas in the State where people are Jersey their away demand occurring on vacations, trips and most likely to travel to satisfy their recreation desires. outings. All away demand occurs on either an outing, trip or vaca- The number tion. In order to estimate away demand, the number of persons of away days, 9.82 days per person in 1970, is taking outings, trips or vacations in New Jersey must be comprised of 5.72 days for vacations and trips and 4.10 days for ascertained. Based upon time-distance travel patterns, two outings.5 Multiplying 5.72 days per person times the population ranges of travel were established: one for vacations and trips of each region yields the total number of vacation and trip and one for outings. recreation days produced by that particular zone. By repeating A Recreational Sphere of Influence consisting of 19 this procedure and inserting 4.10 days as the multiplier, the counties from the neighboring states of Delaware, Maryland, total number of outing recreation days produced by each region New York, and Pennsylvania was defined for New Jersey. is obtained. The percent of vacation homes contained in the Based upon travel time patterns for recreation, driving time travel range for vacations and trips for each zone located in from out-of-state regions to major New Jersey recreation New Jersey is applied to the total number of vacation and trip areas, New Jersey's unique and highly developed shore, and recreation days produced by that particular zone. The results statistical data on the origin of out-of-state visitors to New represent the proportion of each region's vacation and trip Jersey recreation areas, the RSI was judged the most signifi- recreation days that will be satisfied in New Jersey. This cant contributor of out-of-state visitors to New Jersey's procedure is repeated using the percent of vacation homes recreation areas.4 located in New Jersey within each zone's outing travel range - and the outing recreation days produced by that particular 4Data extracted from a study conducted by the Department of Conservation and Economic Development entitled "Report on New Jersey's Vacation The breakdown of away days into vacations, trips, and outings is based on Guests in 1962." the ORRRC distribution of away days: ORRRC Report #26, p. 24, Table 7. 204 INFLUENCE AREA FOR TABLE 3: VACATIONS AND TRIPS AWAY DEMAND AWAY DEMAND IN NEW JERSEY C' 1970 L (2) (3) (4) (col. I x 5.72) R percent of total population times vacation homes with (col. 2 x col. 3) zonal zonal vacation & vacation & trip days vacation & trip 1970 Zonal days per petson trips travel range times D/, New Jersey Population (5.72) Uf. in New Jersey vacation homes Zone Recreational "oGA Sphere of Influence 1 2,897,295 16,572,527 39.78 6,592,551 2 4,970,4685 28,431,060 36.54 10,388,709 3 1,341,870 7,675,496 33.66 2,583,572 4 57,240 327,413 34.85 114,103 < 5 884,728 5,060,644 64.18 3,247,921 Ao . ..... 4j, 6 3,450,754 19,738,313 69.19 13,656,939 m 7 439,147 2,511,921 1,550,358 61.72 o New Jersey @'4 North 4,045,741 23,141,639 37.52 8,682,743 60F N Central 1,086,153 6,212,795 50.29 3,124,415 North Shore 1,602,404 9,165,751 67.69 6,204,297 South Shore 433,866 2,481,714 61.06 1,515,335 .......... Total Vacation & Trip Away Demant 57,660,943 Recreational Sphere of Influence 1 - Kings and Richmond counties, New York 2- Bronx, New York and Queens counties, New York ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . -Orange, Rockland and Westchester counties, New York 3 4 - Monroe and Pike counties, Pennsylvania Lou- 5 -Bucks, Lehigh and Northhampton counties, Pennsylvania 6-Chester, Delaware, Montgomery, and Philadelphia counties, Pennsylvania 7-Cecil County, Maryland and New Castle County, Delaware RANGE OF TRAVEL FOR 2 New Jersey NEW JERSEY AND ITS R.S.I. North Zone- Bergen, Essex, Hudson Hunterdon, Morris, Passaic, Sussex, Union and Warren counties Central Zone - Mercer, Middlesex an@ Somerset counties North Shore Zone -Camden 'Gloucester and Monmouth counties, also northern sections of Burlington and Ocean counties NEW JERSEY R.S.I. South Shore Zone- Atlantic, Cape May, Cumberland and Salem counties, also southern sections of o Burlington and Ocean counties ZONAL LINES 205 TABLE 4: OUTING AWAY DEMAND IN NEW JERSEY region to determine the number of outing recreation days con- 1970 tributing to New Jersey's demand. The total peak season away demand for New Jersey was then determined by adding the total vacation and trip recreation days with the outing recreation (1) (2) (3) (4) days (see Tables 3 and 4). (col. 1 x 4.10) percent of total (col. 2 x col. 3) population vacation homes zonal outing The total away demand for New Jersey must then be dis- times outing within zonal outing days times % tributed to the various regions. It was felt that at the state level 1970 Zonal days per travel range New Jersey the attendance at public facilities would be a more valid Zone Population person (4.10) in New Jersey vacation homes measure of the recreational attractiveness of the various Recreational regions than the number of vacation homes. The attendance Sphere of figures of all state and federal facilities in New Jersey and those influence county and municipal facilities which had an away demand 1 2,897,295 11,878,910 38.97 .4,629,211 were compiled by region, and the total away demand was dis- 2 4,970,465 20,378,907 31.71 6,462,151 tributed by each region's percentage of attendance at public 3 1,341,870 5,501,667 17.52 963,892 recrea 4 57,240 234,684 17.73 41,609 tion facilities. Table 5 indicates the distribution format. 5 B84,728 3,627,385 61.45 2,229,028 The regional away demand was then distributed among 6 3,450,754 14,148,091 57.60 8,149,300 the various recreational activities according to each activity's 7 439,147 1,800,503 72.22 1,300,323 percentage of the total away days per person. In estimating the New Jersey away recreation demand in New Jersey for the years 1985 and North 4,045,741 16,587,538 91.92 15,247,265 2000 the same procedures were followed utilizing forecasted Central 1,086,153 4,453,227 51.28 2,283,615 data. North Shore 1,602,404 6,569,856 77.65 5,101,493 To determine how much of the home and away peak sea- South Shore 433,866 1,778,851 66.87 1,189,518 son demand for each activity occurred on an average weekend Total Outing Away Demand 47,597,405 day, New Jersey's state parks and forests attendance figures Total Vacation & Trip Away Demand 57,660,943 were studied. It was found that about 2% of the total peak Total Away Demand 105,258,348 season attendance occurred on an average weekend. There- fore, with the exception of ice skating, the home and away Recreational Sphere of influence peak season demands for each activity were multiplied by the I - Kings and Richmond counties, New York peaking factor, 2%, to yield the average weekend home and 2- Bronx, New York and Queens counties, New York away demands during the peak season. 3- Orange, Rockland and Westchester counties, New York 4 - Monroe and Pike counties, Pennsylvania For ice skating, the demand for each region was appor- 5 -Bucks, Leheigh and Northhampton counties, Pennsylvania 6-Chester, Delaware, Montgomery, and Philadelphia counties, Pennsylvania tioned to the two types of facilities: natural ice areas and 7-Cecil County, Maryland and New Castle County, Delaware artificial ice areas. Temperature data obtained from the U.S. New Jersey Weather Bureau indicated that climatic conditions in the north- North Zone- Bergen, Essex. Hudson, Hunterdon, Morris, Passaic, Sussex, Union and Warren counties ern regions would permit a greater proportion of the ice skating Central Zone - Mercer, Middlesex and Somerset counties North Shore Zone - Camden, Gloucester and Monmouth counties, also northern sections of Burlington and demand to be met at natural ice areas than in the southern Ocean counties regions. Therefore, a percentage distribution for ice skating South Shore Zone- Atlantic, Cape May, Cumberland and Salem counties. also southern sections of Burlington and Ocean counties demand was determined for each region based upon the tem- 206 perature data. The 2% peaking factor was then applied to the TABLE 5: AWAY DEMAND TABLE 6: PEAKING FACTORS artificial ice demand to yield the average weekend peak season DISTRIBUTION NATURAL demand for ice skating on artificial ice. Since the number of Recreation % Public Facility ICE SKATING . Region Attendance days with subfreezing temperatures varies from region to Northwest 7.79 Northwest 20% region, separate natural ice skating peaking factors were North Central 11.64 North Central 20% determined for each region. Northeast 3.66 Northeast 25% Central Corridor 2.67 Central Corridor 25% The appropriate peaking factor was then applied to the North Shore 24.54 North Shore 25% Southwest 3.08 Southwest 35% natural ice skating demand for each region to yield peak season South Shore 44.22 South Shore 35% weekend day demand for that particular region, Table 6 in- Delaware Bay 2.40 dicates the natural ice skating peaking factor. 100.00% Delaware Bay 40% APPENDIX C APPENDIX D FEDERAL RECREATION AREAS-1971 Total 1970 STATE PARKS-1971 Total Water 1971 Administering Agency County Acres Attendance Northwest Region County Acres Acres Attendance Northwest Region 16,368 815,300 Allamuchy Warren & Sussex 21,502 1,353 815,938 Delaware Water Gap National National Park. Service Sussex & 16,368 815,300" Cranberry Lake Sussex 1,266 54 2,050 Recreat on Area Warren Finesville Warren 199 129 North Central Region 6,856 542,000 Hacklebarney Hunterdon 3 Morristown National Historic National Park Service Morris 1,367 401,000 High Point Sussex 2 Park Hopatcong Sussex 12,372 80 395,304 Great Swamp National Fish & Wildlife Service Morris 5,489 141,000 M usconetcong Sussex 15 3 Wildlife Refuge Stephens Warren 245 230 36,070 Swartswood Sussex 133 107,545 Northeast Region 16 55,900 Voorhees Hunterdon 1,253 602 104,742 Edison National Historic National Park Service Essex 16 55,900 Wawayanda Sussex 437 67,382 Site 5,577 255 102,845 North Shore Region 733 @27 248 North Central Region Barnegat National Wildlife Fish & Wildlife Service Ocean 652 27:248 Allamuchy Morris 7,940 270 417,058 Refuge Farny Morris 1,009 50 Bay Head-Manasquan Canal U.S. Corps of Enginners Monmouth 43 Great Piece Meadows Morris 803 Greenwood Lake Passaic 79 Manasquan River Channel U.S. Corps of Enginners Monmouth 36 Hacklebarney Morris 2,567 12 Leonardo U.S. Coast Guard Monmouth 2 Hopatcong Morris 550 90,556 South Shore Region 20,631.3 164557 Musconetcong Morris 92 13 227,980 Brigantine National Wildlife Refuge Fish & Wildlife Service Atlantic 19,645 164:557 Ringwood Passaic 97 85 Stephens Morris 2,206 100 98,522 Cape May Canal U.S. Corps of Engineers Cape May 568 Wawayanda Passaic 89 Cape May Receiving Station U.S. Coast Guard Atlantic 418 448 10 Brigantine Mooring U.S. Coast Guard Atlantic 0.3 Northeast Region Delaware Bay Region 635 Great Piece Meadows Essex 1,299 35 Killcohook National Wildlife Fish & Wildlife Service Salem 635 Liberty Hudson 113 Refuge Ringwood Bergen 281 905 35 State Totals 45,239.3 1,605,005 Central Corridor Region Cheesequake Middlesex 3,025 28 708,404 Duck Island Mercer 1,001 10 141,524 Edison Middlesex 123 15 Hacklebarney Somerset 35 .5 Millstone River Somerset 17 *Attendance figures are not available. *Attendance figures are not available. I ncludes 4,115 acres of land managed by permit. -Attendance for area is reported under another region. (continued) 207 APFENDIXD (continued) APPENDIX E STATE FORESTS - 1971 Pigeon Swamp Middlesex 792 Princeton Battlefield Mercer 185 Total Water 1971 Washington Crossing Mercer 51 County Acres Acres Attendance Washington Rock Somerset 785 2 515,092 36 51,788 Northwest Region 21,023 143 221,119 North Shore Region Jenny Jump Warren 967 33 21,241 Allaire Monmouth 8,530 113 1,814,492 Stokes Sussex 14,232 55 136,733 Barnegat Ocean 2,021 20 279,703 Worthington Warren 5,824 55 63,145 Double Trouble Ocean 31 19 183,076 Island Beach Ocean 1,614 35 North Central Region 4,150 25 12,460 Monmouth Battlefield Monmouth 2,694 567,366 Hewitt, Abram S. Passaic 1,890 25 5,255 Sandy Hook Monmouth 1,375 Norvin Green Passaic 2,260 7,205 795 39 784,347 Southwest Region North Shore Region 9,309 50 Duck Island Burlington 2,794 5 Lebanon Ocean 9,309 50 Hawk Island Burlington 58 5 Inskip Gloucester 2 Southwest Region 60,318 188 56,626 Mount Laurel Burlington 1,658 Bass River Burlington 30 Rancocas Burlington 20 Lebanon Burlington 17,704 108 56,626 1,056 Wharton Burlington & Camden 42,584 80 South Shore Region Cape May Point Cape May 690 4 South Shore Region 79,189 220 727,115 Corson's Inlet Cape May 151 4 Bass River Burlington & Ocean 9,070 65 137,980 Great Sound Cape May 341 Penn Burlington 3,366 49,616 198 Wharton Burlington & Atlantic 57,053 75 412,220 Delaware Bay Region Belleplain Cape May 9,700 80 127,299 Fort Mott Salem 1,229 ill 232,042 Parvin Salem 104 2 52,757 Delaware Bay Region 1,523 8 1,125 109 179,285 Belleplain Cumberland 1,523 8 State Totals 47,009 1,919 3,987,934 State Totals 175,512 634 1,017,325 figures are not available. "Attendance for area is reported under another region. -Attendance for area is reported under another region. APPENDIX F APPENDIX G STATE RECREATION AREAS-1971 DESIGNATED STATE NATURAL AREAS-1971 Total Water 1971 Total Water County Acres Acres Attendance County Acres Acres Northwest Region 6,208 3,640 104,811 Northwest Region 446 5 Bull's Island Hunterdon 80 7,971 Bursch Sugar Maple Warren 25 Round Valley Hunterdon 4,003 2,350 Whittingham Sussex 400 5 Spruce Run Hunterdon 2,125 1,290 96,840 Johnsonburg Warren 11 Osmun Forest Warren 10 State Totals 6,208 3,640 104,811 "Attendance figures are not available. *Attendance figures are not available. 208 North Central Region 294 APPENDIX H Troy Meadows Morris 294 STATE MARINAS-1971 Central Corridor Region 52 Total Boating Cook Middlesex 52 County Acres Berths North Shore Region 23 305 North Shore Region 108 Forked River Ocean 15 105* Swimming River Monmouth 108 Leonardo Monmouth 8 200* South Shore Region 3,066 South Shore Region 28 384 Cape May Wetlands Cape May 1,747 Atlantic City Atlantic 28 384* Great Bay Ocean 395 Hammonton Lake Atlantic 98 Delaware Bay Region 13 124 North Brigantine Atlantic 679 Fortescue Cumberland 13 124* Swan Point Ocean 147 belaware Bay Region 100 State Totals 64 813 Cohansey Cumberland 100 *Attendance figures are not available. State Totals 4,066 5 APPENDIX I DEDICATED NATURAL AREAS WITHIN STATE PARKS STATE HISTORIC SITES-1971 Total 1971 County Acres" County Acres Attendance Northwest Region 1.14 Northwest Region Marshal! House Hunterdon .53 Kuser Sussex 200 Oxford Furnace Warren .61 North Shore Region Northeast Region 8.61 11,604 Island Beach Ocean 800 Boxwood Hall Union .40 1,631 Grover Cleveland Birthplace Essex 2.14 2,209 State Total 1,000 Hermitage House Bergen 5.00 Von Steuben House Bergen 1.07 7,764 -Dedicated areas are included in High Point State Park and I stand Beach state Park acreage totals, respectively. *Attendance figures are not available. (continued) 209 APPENDIX I (continued) APPENDIX 4 Total 1971 STATE FISH & WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT AREAS" County Acres Attendance 1971 Central Corridor Region 14.54 6,547 Total Water Joyce Kilmer House Middlesex .18 County Acres Acres Morven Mercer 4.58 Old Dutch Parsonage Somerset .55 Northwest Region 9,831 299 Princeton Battle Monument Mercer 1.70 Pequest Warren 261 Rockingham Somerset 5.36 3,912 Clinton Hunterdon 1,028 15 Trenton Battle Monument Mercer .05 42 Flatbrook Sussex 1,948 100 Wallace House Somerset 1.52 2,593 Hamburg Mt. Sussex 3,637 Westminister House Middlesex .60 Walpack Sussex 388 10 Roy Sussex 287 30 North Shore Region 7.34 58,338 Hainesville Sussex 282 37 Monmouth Battle Monument Monmouth 3.22 Lockwood Gorge Hunterdon 260 30 Twin Lights Monmouth 3.89 58,338 Amwell Lake Hunterdon 22 11 Veterans of All Wars Memorial Ocean .23 Rockport Game Farm Warren 370 2 Hackettstown Hatchery Warren 234 60 Southwest Region 10.4 3,996 Whittingharn Sussex 1,114 4 Carranza Memorial Burlington 9.5 I ndidn King Tavern Camden .16 2,409 North Central Region 5,285 60 Lawrente House Burlington .24 642 Wanaque Passaic 1,413 Wait Whitman House Camden .09 945 Berkshire Valley Morris 1,250 40 Whitman-Stafford House Camden .41 Black River Morris 2,622 20 South Shore Region 3.84 2,205 Central Corridor Region 135 20 Absecon Lighthouse Atlantic 2.04 2,205 VanNest Refuge Mercer 98 2 Somers Mansion Atlantic 1.80 Baldwin Lake Mercer 37 18 Delaware Bay Region 1.34 5,166 North Shore Region 33,159 870 Hancock House Salem 1.34 5,166 Colliers Mills Ocean 11,962 350 Greenwood Forest Ocean 8,959 206 State Totals 47.21 87,856 Pasadena Ocean 3,120 Manchester Ocean 2,377 5 Whiting Ocean 1,191 4 *Attendance figures are not available. -Attendance figures are not available. 210 Turkey Swamp Monmouth 1,856 Mad Horse Creek Salem 5,245 200* Butterfly Bogs Ocean 103 50 Menantico Ponds Cumberland 296 70 Forked River Game Farm Ocean 538 7 Clarks Pond Cumberland 164 78 Quail Farm Ocean 289 1 Greenwood Pond Salem 57 I mlaystown Lake Monmouth 30 27 Maskells Mill Pond Salem 57 33 Assunpink Monmouth 2,609 150 Corson Tracts Cumberland 446 20* Prospertown Lake Ocean 125 70 Osborne Cumberland 183 30* Fortescue Cumberland 894 94* Southwest Region 4,310 55 Cedarville Ponds Cumberland 42 34 Medford Burlington 214 Harrisonville Lake Salem 19 13 Winslow Camden 1,716 30 Glassboro Gloucester 2,337 5 State Totals 128,877 8,002 Rowands Pond Camden 13 3 Logan Pond Gloucester 12 5 Harrisonville Lake Gloucester 18 12 South Shore Region 30,261 4,976 Tuckahoe-Corbin City Cape May & Atlantic 12,438 3,500* APPENDIX K Marmora Cape May 4,161 500* PROPOSED STATE RESERVOIRS Dennis Creek Cape May 5,021 500* EXISTING ACREAGE-1971 Peaslee Cape May & Atlantic Port Republic Atlantic 755 20* Beaver Swamp Cape May 2,675 175* Total Stafford Forge Ocean 2,789 200 County Acres Absecon Atlantic 639 38 Central Corridor Region Swan Bay (Green Bay) Burlington 818 28 Six Mile Run Somerset 754 Manahawkin Ocean 965 15* North Shore Region Delaware Bay Region 45,897 1,752 Manasquan Monmouth 15 Millville Cumberland 12,036 130 Heislerville Cumberland 2,813 100* State Total 769 Egg Island Cumberland 4,990 500* Dix Cumberland 2,233 100* Nantuxent Cumberland 916 50* Berrytown Cumberland 1,611 Peaslee Cumberland 13,895 300 *Partially salt marsh. 211 APPENDIX L APPENDIX M STATE MISCELLANEOUS AREAS*-1971 HISTORIC SITES New Jersey's historic sites on the National Register of Historic Landmarks, the National Register of Historic Total Water Places or the State Register of Historic Places County Acres Acres NOTE: All National Register of Historic Landmarks components (N.R.H.L.) and National Register of Historic Places components (N.R.H.P.) are in- Northwest Region 1,246 cluded on the State Registerof Historic Places (S.R.H.P.). Delaware & Raritan Canal Hunterdon 192 Natural Lands Trust Hunterdon 36 Middlesex BSA Sussex 480** Northwest Region Beemerville Sussex 538 HUNTERDON COUNTY Marshall House (N. R. H. P.) State owned North Central Region 6,400 60 Bridge Street North Jersey District Lambertville Water Supply Comm. Passaic 6,400" SUSSEX COUNTY Northeast Region 14 10 Merriam House (N.R.H.P.) Little Bush Hudson 14 10 131 Main Street Newton Central Corridor Region 1,414 WARREN COUNTY Old Airport Property Mercer 121 Oxford Furnace (N.R.H.P.) Delaware & Raritan Canal Mercer 1,293 Washington Avenue and Cinder Street Somerset Oxford Furnace Middlesex North Shore Region 120 North Central Region Colliers Mill Tract Ocean 115 MORRIS COUNTY Manasquan Canal Ocean 5 George Vai I House (N. R. H. P.) Speedwell Avenue Morristown South Shore Region 95 Natural Lands Trust Cape May 95 Morristown National Historical Park (N.R.H.L.) Morristown and Harding Township State Totals 9,289 10 Speedwell I ron Works (N. R. H. P.) Speedwell Avenue *Attendance figures are not available. Morristown **Under conservation easement. 212 Speedwell Village (N.R.H.P.) HUDSON COUNTY 333 Speedwell Avenue Hudson Court Courthouse (N. R. H. L.) Morristown Newark Avenue Thomas Nast Home (Villa Fontana) (N.R.H.L.) Jersey City MacCulloch Avenue and Miller Road Statue of Liberty National Monument (N.R.H.L.) Morristown PASSAIC COUNTY Dey Mansion (N. R. H. P.) PASSAIC COUNTY 199 Totowa Road Ringwood Manor (N.R.H.L.) Wayne Hewitt vicinity Great Falls of Paterson and Society for Useful Manu- factures Historic District (N.R.H.P.) Northeast Region Paterson BERGEN COUNTY Von Duyne House (N.R.H.P.) The Hermitage (N. R. H. L.) State owned 335 North Franklin Turnpike 636 Fairfield Road Ho-Ho-Kus Wayne Palisades Interstate Park (N.R.H.L.) UNION COUNTY West Bank of Hudson River Boxwood Hall (Boudinot Mansion) (N.R.H.P.) 1073 East Jersey Street Seven Chimneys (N.R.H.P.) Elizabeth 25 Chimney Ridge Court First Presbyterian Congregation of Connecticut Farms Washington Township, Westwood (N. R. H. P.) Steuben House (N. R. H. P.) State owned Stuyvesant Avenue at Chestnut Street New Bridge Road Elizabeth River Edge ESSEX COUNTY Central Corridor Region Edison National Historic Site (N.R.H.L.) MERCER COUNTY Maid Street between Alden and Lakeside Streets Douglas House (N.R.H.P.) West Orange John Fitch Way Krueger Mansion (S.R.H.P.) Trenton 601 High Street Grover Cleveland Home (Westland) (N. R. H. L.) Newark 15 Hodge Road Sydenhave House (N.R.H.P.) Princeton Old Road to Bloomfield Henry House (N.R.H.L.) Newark Princeton University Campus Princeton (continued) 213 APPENDIX M (continued) M I DDLESEX COUNTY Ivy Hall (N.R.H.P.) Joseph Hewes House (N.R.H.L.) 1225 River Road 346 Snowden Lane Piscataway Princeton Township Old Cranbury School (N.R.H.P.) 23 North Main Street Mc Call House (S.R.H.P.) Cranbury Cadwalder Park Trenton Proprietory House (N.R.H.P.) 149 Kearny Avenue Mercer Street Friends Center Perth Amboy 151 Mercer Street Trenton SOMERSET COUNTY Frelinghuysen House (N.R.H.P.) Morven (N. R. H. P.) State owned Raritan Stockton Street Princeton Old Dutch Parsonage (N. R. H. P.) State owned 65 Washington Place Nassau Hall (N.R.H.L.) Somerville Princeton University Campus Princeton Rockingham (N.R.H.P.) Route 518 Old Barracks (N.R.H.P.) Rocky Hill South Willow Street Trenton Wallace House (N. R. H. P.) State owned 38 Washington Place Princeton Battlef ield (N. R. H. L.) State owned Somerville Princeton Battlefield State Park Princeton North Shore Region Temple-Ryan Farm (N.R.H.P.) MONMOUTH COUNTY 2306 Pennington Road Christ Episcopal Church (N.R.H.P.) Hopewell 92 King's Highway Washington Crossing State Park (N. R. H. L.) State o wned Middletown Washington Crossing vicinity Deserted Village of Allaire (S. R. H. P.) State owned Allaire State Park William Trent House (N.R.H.L.) Routes 549 and 524 539 South Warren Street Wall Township Trenton Monmouth Battlefield (N.R.H.L.) State owned Northwest of Freehold on Route 522 Manalapan and Freehold Townships 214 Sandy Hook Light (N.R.H.L.) South Shore Region Sandy Hook ATLANTIC COUNTY Twin Lights (Navesink Lighthouse) (N.R.H.P.) Absecon Lighthouse (N. R. H. P.) State owned Pacific and Rhode Island Avenues Highlands Atlantic City OCEAN COUNTY "Lucy" the Elephant (N.R.H.P.) Barnegat Light (N.R.H.P.) Decatur and Atlantic Avenues Long Beach Island Margate City Hangar No. 1, Lakehurst Naval Air Station (N. R. H. L.) Somers Mansion (N. R. H. P.) State owned Lakehurst vicinity Shore Road and Circle Southwest Region Somers Point BURLINGTON COUNTY BURLINGTON COUNTY Hopkinson House (N.R.H.L.) Atsion (S.R.H.P.) State owned Park & Farnsworth Avenue Route 206 Bordentown Atsion Kirby's Mill (N.R.H.P.) Batsto Village (N. R. H. P.) State owned Church Road and Fostertown Road Route 542 Medford Wharton State Forest, Batsto CAMDEN COUNTY CAPE MAY COUNTY Indian King Tavern (N.R.H.P.) Cape May Historic District (N.R.H.P.) 23 Kings Highway Cape May Haddonfield Newton Friends' Meeting House (N.R.H.P.) Delaware Bay Region 722 Cooper Street 'CUMBIERLAND COUNTY Camden Greenwich Historic District (N.R.H.P.) Greenwich Pomona Hall (N.R.H.P.) Potter's Tavern (N. R. H. P.) Park and Euclid Avenue 49-51 Broad Street Camden Bridgeton Taylor House (N.R.H.P.) 304 Cooper Street SALEM COUNTY Camden Hancock House (N. R. H. P.) State owned Hancock Bridge Wait Whitman House (N.R.H.L.) 330 Mickle Street Camden 215 A PPENDIX N Pond (680 acres), Ravine (810 acres) and Wawayanda Lake (115 acres) (Sussex County) NATURAL AREAS Whittingham Natural Area (400 acres) (Sussex County). Can- didate for National Register of Natural Landmarks. North Central Region FEDERAL AND INTERSTATE NATURAL AREAS Hacklebarney State Park (52 acres) (Morris County) Ringwood State Park -Hewitt Furnace (275 acres) and Stone- North Central Region town Interpretive Areas (100 acres) (Passiac County) Great Swamp National Wildlife Refuge (Morris County) Troy Meadows-Great Piece Meadows (5300 acres). Can- Jockey-Hollow Area, Morristown National Historic Park (Morris didate for National Register of Natural Landmarks. County) Central Corridor Region Northeast Region Assunpink Fish and Wildlife Management Area (150 acres) Greenbrook Sanctuary, Palisades Interstate Park (Bergen (Mercer County) County) Cheesequake State Park -Natural Area (275 acres) (Middle- sex County) AREAS WITHIN STATE PARKS AND FORESTS Millstone River (1,735 acres) (Somerset County) IDENTIFIED AS HAVING NATURAL SIGNIFICANCE Penns Neck Natural Area (40 acres) (Mercer County) Pigeon Swamp State Park (3200 acres) (Middlesex County) Northwest Region Trenton Marshes (1,460 acres) (Mercer County) Allamuchy Mountain State Park (5,850 acres)-Deer Park Washington Crossing State Park-Natural Area (160 acres) Pond, French's Pond and several isolated small ponds (Mercer County) Bull's Island Recreation Area (20 acres) (Hunterdon County) North Shore Region Bursch Sugar Maple Natural Area (25 acres) (Warren County) High Point State Park-Beaver Pond (670 acres) and Drydin Allaire State Park-Natural Area (445 acres) (Monmouth Kuser Memorial (200 acres) (Sussex County). Drydin County). Candidate for National Register of Natural Land- Kuser Memorial is a candidate for the National Register of marks. Natural Landmarks. Great Bay (5000 acres - partially State owned) (Ocean County) Jenny Jump State Forest (150 acres) (Warren County) Island Beach State Park (800 acres) (Ocean County) Ken Lochwood Gorge (150 acres) (Hunterdon County) Oakhurst (70 acres) (Monmouth County) Osmum Forest Natural Area (33 acres) (Warren County) Sandy Hook State Park-Natural Area (170 acres) (Mon- Stephen's State Park-Natural Area (35 acres) (Warren mouth County). Candidate for the National Register of County) Natural Landmarks. Stokes State Forest-Tillman Ravine (1,500 acres) and Tinsley Swimming River Natural Area (150 acres) (Monmouth County) Trail (90 acres) (Sussex County) Swartswood Lake Outlet (75 acres) (Sussex County) Southwest Region Voorhees State Park (95 acres) (Hunterdon County) Lebanon State Forest- McDonald's Branch (215 acres) and Wawayanda State Park-Cedar Swamp (680 acres), Laurel Mount Laurel (21 acres) (Burlington County) 216 Rancocas State Park-Natural Area (240 acres) (Burlington COUNTY NATURAL AREAS County) West Plains (1,085 acres-partially State owned) (Burlington North Central Region and Ocean Counties). Candidate for National Register of Great Swamp Nature Center (Morris County) Natural Landmarks. Jefferson Reservation (Morris County) Wharton State Forest- Atsion 7 Quaker Bridge Road-Rail- Lewis Morris Park (Morris County) road Crossing (50 acres), Delellette Mistletoe Woods Silas Condict Park (Morris County) (50 acres) and Skit Branch (85 acres) (Burlington County) The Tourne Park (Morris County) South Shore Region Northeast Region Bass River State Forest-Eastern shore of Lake Absegami Campgaw Mountain County Reservation (Bergen County) (75 acres) (Burlington County) Eagle Rock Reservation (Essex County) Belleplain State Forest-Nat,ure Area (22 acres) (Cape May Mills Reservation (Essex County) County) South Mountain (Passaic County) Cape May Wetlands (2000 acres-partially State owned) South Reservation (Essex County) (Cape May County) Watchung Reservation (Union County) Cedar Island (200 acres) (Cape May County). Candidate for West Essex Park (Essex County) National Register of Natural Landmarks. Wildlife Center (Bergen County) Hammonton Lake Natural Area (18 acres) (Atlantic County) North Brigantine Natural Area (970 acres) (Burlington and Central Corridor Region Atlantic counties). Candidate for National Register of Herrontown Woods (Mercer County) Natural Landmarks. John A. Roebling Memorial Park (Mercer County) Strathmere Point (90 acres) (Cape May County) Timber and Beaver Swamp Fish and Wildlife Management North Shore Region Areas (300 acres) (Cape May County) Holmdel Park (Monmouth County) Wharton State Forest - Batsto Interpretive Center (35 acre .s), Turkey Swamp Park (Monmouth County) Batsto 'Nature Area and Forge Pond (515 acres), Catica Ridge-Martha Natural Area (440 acres), Lower Forge Southwest Region (55 acres), and Quaker Bridge (58 acres) (Atlantic, Burlington and Ocean counties) Cherry Hill Nature Trail Area (Camden County) Delaware Bay Region Cohansey Natural Area (12,400 acres -partially State owned) MUNICIPAL NATURAL AREAS (Cumberland County) Northwest Region Parvin State Park (200 acres) (Salem County) Readington Tract - Readington Township (Hunterdon County) (continued) 217 APPENDIX N (continued) PRIVATE NATURAL AREAS Northwest Region Northeast Region C. Dunham Park-South Branch Watershed Association Closter Nature Center -Closter Boro (Bergen County) (Hunterdon County) Cora Hartshorn Arboretum and Bird Sanctuary- Millburn Outdoor Education Center- Irvington Board of Education Township (Essex County) (Hunterdon County) Hawes School Outdoor Laboratory-Glen Rock Boro (Bergen Packer's Island Tract-South Branch Watershed Association County) (Hunterdon County) Mountainside Park - Upper Montclair Town (Essex County) Riegel Ridge-Riegel Ridge Paper Company (Hunterdon Nishaume Park- Montclair Town (Essex County) County) Norwood Park - Norwood Boro, (Bergen County) Orchard School Outdoor Laboratory- Ridgewood Village North Central Region (Bergen County) Dismal Harmony Brooks Natural Area-Dismal Harmony Spring Avenue and Grove Street Preserve -Ridgewood Village Brooks -Natural Area Committee (Morris County) (Bergen County) Drew Forest Preserve -Drew University (Morris County) Tenafly Nature Center-Tenafly Boro (Bergen County) Green Camp of Cooper Union-College of New York City (Passaic County) Central Corridor Region Schiff Scout Reservation- National Council Boy Scouts of Autumn Hill -Princeton Township (Mercer County) America (Morris County) Green Natural Area- Princeton Township (Mercer County) Sussex Woodlands- Mr. Fred Ferber (Passaic County) Valhalla Hemlock Glen-Brook Valley Incorporated (Morris Southwest Region County) Crows Woods Nature Area- Moorestown Township (Camden County) Northeast Region Mantua Township Recreation Area -Mantua Township (Glou- Baldwin Wildlife Sanctuary-New Jersey Audubon Society cester County) (Bergen County) Runnemede Lake Park - Borc, of Runnemede (Camden County) Great Piece Meadows -Wildlife Preserves Incorporated (Essex Stokes Woods Bird Sanctuary- Moorestown Township (Bur- County) lington County) Indian Hills High School -Ramapo Board of Education (Bergen Wenonah Woods - Wenonah Boro (Gloucester County) County) Joyce Kilmer School Native Sanctuary- Mahwah Board of South Shore Region Education (Bergen County) Cape May Point Bird Sanctuary- Cape May Point Boro (Cape Lucine L. Lorrimer Sanctuary- New Jersey Audubon Society May County) (Bergen County) Stone Harbor Bird Sanctuary-Boro of Stone Harbor (Cape May County) Central Corridor Region Institute for Advanced Study- Institute for Advanced Study (Mercer County) 218 Outdoor Museum of Nature and Conservation Trails -National APPENDIX 0 Headquarters Boy Scouts of America (Middlesex County) Scherman Wildlife Sanctuary- New Jersey Audubon Society LAND AND WATER CONSERVATION FUND IN (Somerset County) NEW JERSEY (1965-1972) Stony-Brook Millstone Watershed - Stony- Brook Millstone Watershed Association (Mercer County) One of the major purposes of the Land and Water Con- Stony Ford Audubon Nature Sanctuary- National Audubon servation Fund (L&WCF) is to assist state and local govern- Society (Mercer County) ments in providing recreation facilities. From the beginning of William S. Post Natural Area-Upper Raritan Watershed the program in 1965 through the end of the 1972 fiscal year, Association (Somerset County) $18,146,520.90 in federal funds have been approved for recrea- tion projects in New Jersey. Most of the projects assisted by Southwest Region these funds are already in use by the public but some are still Unexpected Wildlife Refuge -Mr. & Mrs. C. Buyuhmihci (Glou- in the construction stage. These funds, doubled by equal cester County) matching funds from state and local governments, have pro- Wedgewood Nature Area-Wedgewood Civic Association vided for the acquisition of 26,109 acres of park lands and fish (Gloucester County) and wildlife management areas and the development of recrea- Wildlife Refuge- Animal Welfare Association (Camden County) tion facilities, from beaches, pools and boating facilities to Bennet Bog Wildlife Sanctuary- New Jersey Audubon Society camp sites, picnic tables and outdoor games fields, to mention (Cape May County) only the most frequently constructed facilities. Development funds were also used for the construction of support facilities including comfort stations, roadways and parking spaces. Of the federal funds spent to date, 71% have gone for development projects, 29% for acquisition and less than 1% for planning. (See Table 1.) The use of L&WCF monies has TABLE 1: LAND AND WATER CONSERVATION FUND IN NEW JERSEY FEDERAL FUNDS APPROVED FOR PROJECTS/ 1965-1972 PROJECT BREAKDOWN Type of Project Local Program State Program State and Local Programs Acquisition $ 916,000.00 (11%) $4,343,353.00 (45%) $ 5,258,353.00 (290%) Development 7,664,853.69 (89%) 5,223,314.21 (54%) 12,888,167.90 (71%) Planning 47,150.00 ( 1%) 47,150.00 ( 1%) Totals $8,579,853.69 $9,613,817.21 $18,193,670.90 219 been weighted in favor of development projects because of the REGIONAL ANALYSIS availability of funds for acquisition from other federal, state and local sources, primarily the State's Green Acres Programs. Northwest Region-This region received $5,593,262-39 in Future distribution of funds will probably be more evenly shared L&WCF acquisition and development funds for state projects. by acquisition and development projects. Greater emphasis Acquisition funds were used to purchase 3,958 acres of fish will be placed on using all available funding programs to acquire and wildlife management areas and to develop boat access critically valuable or threatened open space before these areas sites on the Delaware River. The state development funds were are lost to other forms of land use inconsistent with environ- used at four major sites: Spruce Run Reservoir mental quality or open space and recreation needs. ($2,665,530.64), Round Valley Reservoir ($834,005.02). The portion of the total federal funds used by the State Wawayanda State Park ($404,397.04) and at Lambertville on during this period was only slightly greater than the amount the Delaware River ($102,598.71). The types of facilities con- spent of local projects. During the early stages of the program, structed included a wing dam to provide a recreation pool on local governments were not prepared to design and develop the Delaware at Lambertville; a beach at Wawayanda; a dike, project proposals and, thus, lacking fundable local projects, 4 beaches, 115 wilderness camp sites, 23.5 miles of trails, the monies were spent on state projects. More recently many a boat launching ramp, and support facilities at Round Valley; worthwhile proposals have been submitted by local govern- and 100 camp sites, 100 picnic tables, a beach, a boat launch- ments and approved for funding. ing ramp, a fishing pier and support families at Spruce Run. A regional analysis of the approved projects shows that In addition, 300 picnic tables ($4,691.00) were purchased the Northwest Region received 30% ($5,639,282.39) of all the and distributed to state sites throughout the region to replace federal monies spent at state and local levels. (See Table 2.) existing inventory. This is followed closely by the Northeast Region with 23% ($4,192,506.89). On a statewide basis there is little relationship North Central Region-The North Central Region received between the regional distribution of funds and the percent of $1,812,941.92 in federal funds for state development projects. the population living in the regions. For example, only 3% of All the funds were used at Ringwood State Park for con- the State's population lives in the Northwest while this region struction of 2.58 miles of roadway and 422 parking spaces. received 30% of the funds; on the other hand, 47% of the State's population lives in the Northeast Region which received Northeast Region-In the Northeast Region $111,375.00 in 23% of the funds. federal L&WCF monies were spent by the State for acquisition If the state and local programs are separated, however, of 482 acres at Skylands. No L&WCF monies were spent by the comparison of fund distribution to population is significantly the State for development projects. different. A comparison of local L&WCF expenditures with resident population is more meaningful. The local program Central Corridor Region-One state project using L&WCF develops recreation facilities primarily for local residents. State monies was undertaken in this region. This project amounted funds, on the other hand, are invested in projects which do not to $20,000.00 and was part of the acquisition program to serve a single region but rather the entire state population or purchase land along the Delaware River to construct boat several regions together. Overall, the locally used L&WCF access sites. Local projects spent $1,514,309.26 to acquire monies were allocated to the regions with the greatest popula- 6.28 acres to provide picnicking and boat access and to tions: The Northeast with 47% of the State's population develop outdoor games facilities, totlots, picnic tables, passive received 49% of the funds. sitting areas, pools and other recreation and support facilities. 220 TABLE 2: LAND AND WATER CONSERVATION FUND IN NEW JERSEY FEDERAL FUNDS APPROVED FOR PROJECTS/ 1965-1972 REGIONAL BREAKDOWN State Program Region Acquisition Development Total A & D Northwest $1,582,040.00 (36%) $ 4,011,222.39 (77%) $ 5,593,262.39 (58%) North Central 1,224,468.00 (28%) 588,473.92 (11%) 1,812,941.92 (19%) Northeast 111,375.00 ( 3%) -- 111,375.00 ( 1%) Central Corridor 20,000.00 ( 1%) -- 20,000.00 ( 0 ) North Shore 85,400.00 ( 2%) 245,267.66 ( 5%) 330,667.66 ( 3%) Southwest -- -- -- South Shore 957,245.00 (22%) 373,362.58 ( 7%) 1,330,607-58 (14%) Delaware Bay 362,825.00 ( 8%) 4,987.66 ( 0 367,812.66 ( 4%) Totals $4,343,353.00 (45%) $ 5,223,314.21 (55%) $ 9,566,667.21 (100%) Local Program Region Acquisition Development Total A & D Northwest $ 45,000.00 ( 5%) $ 1,020.00 ( 0 $ 46,020.00 ( 0 North Central - 712,669.57 ( 9%) 712,669.57 ( 8%) Northeast 800,000.00 (87%) 3,281,131.89 (42%) 4,081,131.89 (49%) Central Corridor 70,000.00 6%) 1,444,309,26 (19%) 1,514,309.26 (18%) North Shore -- 963,578.16 (13%) 963,578.165 (11%) Southwest 808,149.82 (11%) 808,149.82 ( 9%) South Shore 346,832.47 ( 59/6) 346,832.47 ( 40%) Delaware Bay -- 107,162.52 ( 1%) 107,162.52 ( 1%) Totals $ 915,000.00 (11%) $ 7,664,853.69 (89/o) $ 8,579,853.69 (100%) State and Local Programs Region Acquisition Development Total A & D Northwest $1,627,040.00 (31%) $ 4,012,242.39 (31%) $ 5,639,282.39 (30%) North Central 1,224,468.00 (23%) 1,301,143.49 (10%) 2,525,611.49 (14%) Northeast 911,375.00 (17%) 3,281,131.89 (26%) 4,192,506.89 (23%) Central Corridor N,000.00 ( 2%) 1,444,309.26 (11%) 1,534,309.26 9%) North Shore 85,400.00 ( 2%) 1,208,845.82 ( 9%) 1,294,245-82 7%) Southwest 808,149.82 ( 6%) 808,149.82 5%) South Shore 957,245.00 (18%) 720,195.05 ( 6%) 1,677,440.05 9%) Delaware Bay 362,825.00 ( 7%) 112,150.18 ( 1%) 474,975.18 3%) Totals $5,258,353.00 (29%) $12,888,167.90 (71%) $18,146,520.90 (100%) 221 TABLE 3: LAND AND WATER CONSERVATION FUND IN NEW JERSEY FACILITIES CONSTRUCTED THROUGH LOCAL PROJECTS, BY REGION 1965-1972 Activity Facility Northwest North Central Northeast Central Corridor North Shore Southwest South Shore Delaware Bay Totals Boat ing Boat ramps 1 1 2 2 6 Docks 10 10 2 20 42 Hiking Trails (mi les) 2 6 4 12 Equestrian Trails (mi les) 1 2 3 Bicycling Trails (mi les) 2 2 N at ure Trails (mi les) 2 7 4 2 15 Ski Ing Lifts 1 1 Slopes 1 1 2 Camping Sites 70 104 25 199 She Iters 2 6 1 6 1 16 Overnight shelters 15 15 Picnicking Tables 202, 557 110 240 126 52 1287 Skating Ice Rinks' 1 1 2 Outd oor Basketball Courts 4 14 8 11 9 2 1 49 Games & Tennis Courts 4 43 41 33 16 1 3 141 Sports Handbal I Courts 4 5 8 17 Shuf f leboard Courts 1 9 16 6 8 40 Baseball Fields 1 8 19 6 12 13 59 Softball Fields 1 3 4 5 8 21 Football Fields 2 9 4 7 4 26 Open Play Fields 2 1 1 1 5 Tracks 2 2 Sled Hills 2 1 1 4 Totlots 4 28 13 19 14 4 82 Swimming Wading/Spray Pools 4 2 1 3 1 1 12 Portable' Pools 1 34 35 Intermediate Pools 6 1 1 1 9 Community Pools 1 2 1 1 5 Other: Passive Sitting Areas 10 3 9 2 1 25 Senior Citizens Pavillion I I Mu It i-Use Impoundment Sites 3 3 3 2 1 1 13 Dam Construction 1 1 1 3 Support Facility Bath House 1 2 1 1 1 6 Comf ort St at I ons 3 15 8 7 8 41 Park Roadway (miles) 2 5.5 3.1 11.6 Parking Spaces 802 1710 400 1375 130 4437 Maintenance Building 2 1 1 1 5 Nature Building 3 3 Boat House 1 1 Concession Building 1 1 Fish Ladders 1 1 Ba6dshell 1 1 1 3 222 North Shore Region-In the North Shore Region the State LAND AND WATER spent $330,667.66 in federal L&WCF monies. These funds were CONSERVATION FUND NORTH CENTRAL used primarily at Sandy Hook ($162,f4l.66) and Island Beach PROJECTS ($82,700.00) state parks. At Sandy Hook a bath-house was 1965-1972 built and at Island Beach a bath house, a nature center, 500 parking spaces and a water treatment plant were constructed. In addition, 25 picnic tables were purchased for $426 and distributed to state sites to replace existing tables. NORTHWEST ;A Southwest Region-The Southwest Region received L&WCF Z monies totaling $808,149.82 only through local projects. The facilities developed included outdoor games facilities, totlots, picnic tables, pools, trails, passive sitting areas, camp NORTHEAST J, sites and other recreation and support facilities. South Shore Region-A total of $1,330,607.58 in federal L&WCF monies was spent on state projects in the South Shore IN Region. This sum was split between acquisition ($957,245.00) 7_1 and development ($373,362.58). The acquisition program resulted in the purchase of 8,000 acres of fish and wildlife CENTRAL CORRIDOR management areas. The development program included expansion of the Atlantic City Marina, construction of a boat NORTH ramp and 25 parking spaces on Dennis Creek, plus 100 picnic SHORE tables for state areas in the region. SOUTHWEST Delaware Bay Region-The Delaware Bay Region received a total of $367,812.66 for state acquisition and development projects. The acquisition program purchased 5,273 acres of fish, and wildlife management areas. Development projects included a boat ramp and 25 parking spaces at Mad Horse Creek and 25 picnic tables. P" The local program totaled $107,162.52 for the develop- ment of outdoor games areas, pools and support facilities. DELAWARE BAY SOUTH SHORE 223 APPENDIX P Impact of Population and Economic Growth on the -Environment of New Jersey, April, 1965. SELECTED REFERENCES New Jersey, Department of Conservation and Economic Devel- opment, Division of State and Regional Planning, New Barlowe, Raleigh and Steinmueller, Milton H., "Trends in Out- Jersey's Shore: An Inventory and Analysis of Land Use, door Recreation," Yearbook of Agriculture 1963. February, 1966. Friedberg, M. Paul, Playgrounds for City Children, Association New Jersey, Department of Conservation and Economic Devel- for Childhood Education International, 1969. opment, Division of State and Regional Planning, Report Guggenheimer, Elinor C., Planning for Parks and Recreation of New Jersey's Vacation Guests in 1962, 1963. Needs in Urban Areas, Twayne Publishers, Inc., 1969. New Jersey, Department of Environmental Protection, Ocean Huxtable, Ada Louise, "The Battle of Murrary Hill," The New Disposal Control Regulation, Basis and Background York Times, July 12,1970. Document, June, 1972. Kovach, Bill, "The Boston Arts Festival is Hitting Stride in its New Jersey, Department of Environmental Protection, Com- 3rd Year," The New York Times, August 27, 1970. prehensive Recreation Planning Section, County Outdoor Menninger, Karl, "Human Needs in Urban Society," Architec- Recreation Facilities in New Jersey: An Inventory tural Record, July, 1959. (unpublished), 1970. New Jersey, Department of Community Affairs, Division of New Jersey, Department of Environmental Protection, Com- State and Regional Planning, New Jersey Open Space prehensive Recreation Planning Section, Inventory of Policy Plan, January, 1968. Hiking Trails (unpublished), 1970. New Jersey, Department of Conservation and Economic Devel- New Jersey, Department of Environmental Protection, Division opment, Comprehensive Recreation Planning Section, of Parks and Forestry, New Jersey State Parks, Forests, An Inventory of Camping Areas in New Jersey, Mono- Natural Areas, Recreational Areas, Historic Sites, Burial graph No. 2, 1970. Grounds, and Miscellaneous Areas: An Inventory, Jan- New Jersey, Department of Conservation and Economic Devel- uary, 1972. opment, Comprehensive Planning Section, Lakes and University of Massachusetts, Survey Research Center, Boston Ponds Inventory, 1970. Area Survey 1970 (unpublished), 1972. New Jersey, Department of Conservation and Economic Devel- U.S., Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Study of opment, Comprehensive Planning Section, Municipal the New Jersey Coastal Inlets and Beaches, 4 vols., 1966- Outdoor Recreation Facilities in New Jersey: An Inventory, 1972. 1969. U.S., Outdoor Recreation Resources Review Commission, New Jersey, Department of Conservation and Economic Devel- Outdoor Recreation for America, 27 vols., Government opment, Division of State and Regional Planning, The Printing Office, 1962. 224 The Office of Environmental Review gratefully acknowledges the assistance rendered during the preparation of this plan by individuals within the Depart- ment of Environmental Protection and other State agencies. This Office is particularly grateful to those agencies and persons who per- mitted their photographs to be used. PHOTO CREDITS Atlantic City Convention Bureau - 131 Bergen County Park Commission -6, 29, 31, 33, 39, 53, 95, 105,112,119,127 Courier-News-54 Essex County Park Commission - 65, 99, 137, 145, 148, 149, 150 Hoboken Model Cities - 144 Morris County Park Commission - 51, 108, 189 National Park Service, Photo by R. Perkins - 44 NJ Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Fish, Game and Shellfisheries- 18, 28, 50, 55, 71, 76, 78, 84, 88, 135 NJ Department of Environmental Protection, Public Informa- tion Office - 3, 13, 15, 20, 21, 26, 27, 36, 37, 46, 49, 60, 63, 64, 67, 69, 72, 87, 94, 96, 123, 158, 165, 167, 169, 182, 185, 190,192,194,195,197,199 NJ Department of Labor and Industries, State Promotion Office-8, 35, 39,136 Newark Star Ledger- Front cover, 5, 9, 70, 137, 146 Somerset County Park Commission - 43, 82, 98, 193 Trenton Department of Health, Recreation and Welfare - 178 Department of Environmental Proteetion RICHARD J. SULLIVAN Commissioner Offiee of Environmental Review ALFRED T. GUIDO Chief LAWRENCE C. SCHMIDT Principal Park Planner ROBERT S. STOKES Senior Park Planner BARBARA W. LEVIN Assistant Park Planner ROBERT L. LI NCK Assistant Park Planner DENNIS B. DAVIDSON Assistant Park Planner Former Staff Members THOMAS J. CIESLINSKI Senior Park Planner HELAINE S. KAPLAN Summer Intern S Lers ctourearth NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION prote 3 6668 00003 0108