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		<mainTitle nfc="0"><title>Outdoor recreation in New Jersey</title>:<titleExt>New Jersey Statewide comprehensive outdoor recreation plan, 1973.</titleExt></mainTitle>
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		<corpAuthor mainEntry="y"><name type="jurisdiction">New Jersey.</name><subName>Office of Environmental Review.</subName></corpAuthor>
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	<imprint><pubPlace>Trenton, N.J.</pubPlace>:<pubName>State of New Jersey, Dept. of Environmental Protection, Office of Environmental Review</pubName>,[<pubDate>1973?</pubDate>]</imprint>
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			<subject cat="top">Outdoor recreation</subject>
			<subject cat="geo">New Jersey.</subject>
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<pb n="1" />

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                                                                                                                                        WOR

                                         54,
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                                                                                                                03 9

                                   OUTDOOR RECREATION
                                                              IN NEW JERSEY

            New Jersey Statewide, Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plan
                                                                                                         1973

                           U . S - DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NOA k
                           COASTAL SERVICES CENTER
                           2234 SOUTH HOBSON AVENUE
                           CHARLESTON , SC @W5-24 13

                             Property of CSC Library

                                                                            State of New Jersey
                                                  Department of Environmental Protection
         r'.j
                                                                  Office of Environmental Review
     C-1
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                                                     ST_A,TB OV NIE@w    JIERSE:-e
                                                      OPPICE 0V @rtlE GCVYjaN0R
                                                               T ... @ow

                         WILLIAM T. CAHILL

                                   Dear Mr. Watt:

                                            My office has reviewed the 1972 New Jersey Comprehensive
                                   Outdoor Recreation Plan prepared by our Department of Environmental
                                   Protection, which is the designated State agency responsible for the
                                   preparation and maintenance of the plan. We are pleased to endorse
                                   this plan, and we anticipate no significant deviation in its final
                                   printed version.

                                            New Jersey has a vigorous, on-going outdoor recreation
                                   program. I am asking that every consideration be given to the early
                                   review of this plan in order to continue our participation under the
                                   Land and Water Conservation Fund Program.

                                            As the official State document, the plan will profoundly
                                   influence New Jersey's outdoor recreation development, and will help
                                   the State achieve its goal of providing quality outdoor recreation
                                   for all its citizens.

                                   Mr. James G. Watt, Director
                                   Bureau of Outdoor Recreation
                                   U.S. Department of the Interior
                                   Washington, D. C. 20240

                                   April 3, 1973
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                                                                                                                              CONTENTS

                       List of Tables, Maps and Graphs       ..........  I ..........    iv      IV Supply of Water Resources          ....................            63
                                                                                                       Ground Water       ................................             63
                       Introduction    ...................................               1             Rivers and Streams     .............................            65
                       Legal Authority     ................................              1             Canals    ......................................                68
                       Goals and Objectives         ..........................           1             Atlantic Coastline     ............................             69
                       Scope of Plan       ................................              1             Estuarine Areas      ..............................             7-1
                       Plan Maintenance       ..............................             3             Lakes, Ponds and Reservoirs         ....................        72
                       Summary of Findings and Recommendations                ........   4         V Needs: Open Space, Water Resources, Facilities             .....  78
                       State Characteristics and Resources        ................       9
                       Population and Socio-Economic Characteristics             ......  9             Open Space      ...................................             78
                       Historical Background         ........................           12             Water Resources      .........   I ........   I .I .........    84
                       Natural Resources        ............................            14             Facilities  ....................................                92
                       Cultural and Historical Resources         ................       22       V11 Urban Needs Study        ...........................             136
                       Tra nsportation   ................................               23             Su pply-Demand- Needs Analysis          ................       138
                       New Jersey Study Regions         ......................          25             Conclusion    ...................................              144
                       Outdoor Recreation Demand          .....................         28     V1111   Legislation and Related Actions      ..................        151
                       Outdoor Recreation Demand Determination              ........    28             Legislation   ..................................               151
                       Outdoor Recreation Demand - 1970            .............      * 37             Executive Orders      ............................             158
                       Outdoor Recreation Demand           1985 and 2000       ......   40
                                                                                             V111      Action Plan     .................................              159
                       Supply of Land Resources       ........................          42             Priorities and Recommendations          ................       159
                       Existing and Proposed Supply of Recreation                                      Scheduled Program of Action - 1971-1977            ........    165
                              Resources      ..............................             42             Funding     ....................................               172
                       Supply of Developed Outdoor Recreation                                          Future Legislation and Related Actions          ..........     179
                             Facilities  ................................               56
                       Future Supply of Developed Outdoor Recreation                             IX Related Programs         ............................             185
                             Facilities  ................................               61         X Continuing Planning      ...........................             190
                       New Jersey's Historic Resources           ................       61             Inventories      ................................              190
                       New Jersey's Significant Natural Areas          ............     62             Special Studies     ...............................            191
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                Appendices,
                       Appendix A- Legal Citations              ..................            201               Appendix K -Proposed State Reservoirs -
                       Appendix B -Methodology of Demand                                                               Existing Acreage - 1971             ..................           211
                             Derivation      ..............................                   202               Appendix L-State Miscellaneous Areas-
                       Appendix C - Federal Recreation Areas -                                                         1971      ..................................                     212
                              1971     ..................................                     207               Appendix M - Historic Sites            ....................             212
                       Appendix D - State Parks - 1971              ................          207               Appendix N - Natural Areas             ....................             216
                       Appendix E - State Forests - 1971               ..............         208               Appendix 0 - Land and Water Conservation
                       Appendix F -State Recreation Areas - 1971                    ......    208                      Fund in New Jersey (1965-1972)                ............       219
                       Appendix    'G -State Natural Areas - 19 71               ........     208               Appendix P-Selected References                   ..............         224
                       Appendix H - State Marinas - 1971               ..............         209               Appendix Q -Map -.Major Public Open Space
                       Appendix I -State Historic Sites - 1971               ..........       209                      and Recreation Areas in New Jersey
                       Appendix J -State Fish and Wildlife
                             Management Areas - 1971                ................          210

                TABLES, MAPS AND GRAPHS

                State Characteristics and Resources                                                       Table 2-Recreation Sphere of Influence, Population Forecasts-
                                                                                                          1970,1985,2000       ............................................               32
                Map -Population Density 1970, New Jersey          ......................          9       Graph - Relationship of Age to Recreation Participation         ............    33
                Table 1 -Population Trends by Age Groups,       New Jersey, Northeast,                    Graph -Occupational Category and Recreation Participation, Labor
                United States 1960 and 1970       ..................................           11         Force, June-August, 1960, United States, Northeast        ................      34
                Table 2-Population Composition by Age Groups, New Jersey,                                 Graph -Educational Achievement and Recreation                Participation,
                Northeast, United States 1960 and 1970      ..........................         11         Persons 25 Years and Over, June-August, 1960         ....................       34
                Graph -Occupational Distribution, 1960-1970, New Jersey North-                            Graph -Family Income and Recreation Participation,           June-August,   ,
                east, United States   .......................................             ...  12         1960  ......................................................                    34
                Graph -Educational Achievement, 1960-1970, New Jersey, North-                             Table 3 -Ranking by Popularity of Twenty-three Outdoor Recreation
                east, United States    ..........................................              12         Activities, 1970     ............................................               38
                Graph -Family Income, 1960-1970, New Jersey, Northeast, United                            Table 4 - Recreation Demand in New Jersey, Average Weekend Day
                States    ....................................................                 12         in Peak Season, 1970      ........................................              38
                Map -Geologic Features, New Jersey          ..........................         14         Table 5 -Outdoor Recreation Demand, 1970, 1985, 2000            ............    40
                Map -Scenic Views and Features, New Jersey           ....................      16         Table 6 - Recreation Demand in New Jersey, Average Weekend Day
                Map - Physical Factors Affecting Development, New Jersey             ........  17         in Peak Season, 1985     ....................                 .............     40
                Map - Forest Resources and Plan Life, New Jersey          ................     19         Table 7 - Recreation Demand in New Jersey, Average Weekend Day
                Map -Wildlife Resources, New Jersey         ..........................         21         in the Peak Season, 2000        ....................................            41
                Map -Fishery Resources, New Jersey          ...........................        22         Table 8 -The Twelve Fastest Growing Activities, Demand             on   the
                Map -The Region, Urban Area Population (SMSAs)            ................     24         Average Weekend Day in Peak Season           ..........................         41
                Map -New Jersey Recreation Study Regions             ....................      25
                Outdoor Recreation Demand                                                                 Supply of Land Resources
                Map- Megalopolis, Recreational Sphere of Influence,. and New                              Table 1 -Existing Recreation Land, 1970         ........................        42
                Jersey    ..............................        ''*****''**    ............    30         Table 2 - Proposed Recreation    *Land    ............................          43
                Table 1 - New Jersey Population Forecasts, 1970, 1985, 2000          ........  32         Table 3 - Future Total Recreation Land       ..........................         43

                iv
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                      Table 4 - Existing and Proposed Federal Recreation Land                  ..........     45         Map - Major Lakes, Ponds, and Reservoirs, New Jersey                  ............      76
                      Table 5 -Federal Recreation Areas and Palisades Interstate                  Area,                  Map@Major Reservoir Sites-Existing, Potential and Lost,                     New
                      Developed Recreational Facilities, 1970                                                 45         Jersey     ....................................................                         77
                      Table 6 - Existing State Recreation Land, 1971            ....................          47
                      Table 7 - Proposed and Future State Recreation Land                ..............       47         Needs: Open Space, Water Resources, Facilities
                      Table 8 -State Parks, Developed Recreational Facilities, 1970                  ......   48         Table 1 - Open Space Guidelines for New Jersey               ..................         79
                      Table 9 -State Forests, Developed Recreational Facilities, 1970                ......   48         Table 2 - Open Space Recreation Land Needs by Region                  ............      81
                      Table 10- State Recreation Areas, Marinas and Miscellaneous                                        Table 3 -Open Space Recreation Land Needs by Jurisdiction                  ........     81
                      Areas, Developed Recreational Facilities, 1970            ....................          49         Table4-Facility Capacity Deficits for Water-Based Recreation
                      Tablell-State Fish and Wildlife Management Areas, Developed                                        Activities   .....                      .................        ***'*   ..........     85
                      Recreational Facilities, 1970         ..................................                50         Table 5 - Suggested Activity Standards for New Jersey                ............     100
                      Table 12 -Existing and Proposed County Recreation Land                   ..........     52         Table 6 - 1985 Out Region Demand             ............................             101
                      Table 13-County Developed Recreational Facilities, 1970                  ..........     52         Map -Northwest Region            ....................................                 102
                      Table 14 -Existing and Proposed Municipal Recreation Land                   ........    54         Table 7 - Northwest Region, Present and Future Developed Recrea-
                      Table 15-Municipal Developed Recreational Facilities, 1970                  ........    54         tional Facility Needs       ........................................                  103
                      Table 16 -Existing Private Sector Land Supply, 1970                ..............       55         Map -North Central Region           ..................................                107
                      Table 17 -Private Developed Recreational Facilities, 1970                ......    __   56         Table 8 - North Central Region, Present and Future Developed Rec-
                      Table 18 - New Jersey's Supply of Developed Recreational Facilities                                reational Facility Needs      ......................................                  109
                      -Jurisdictional Analysis, 1970           ................................               56         Map -Northeast Region            ....................................                 111
                      Table 19 - New Jersey's Supply of Developed Recreational Facilities                                Table 9 -Northeast Region, Present and Future Developed Recrea-
                      -Regional Analysis, 1970           ....................................                 57         tional Facility Needs       ........................................                  113
                      Table 20 -Northwest Region, Developed Recreational                     Facilities,                 Map -Central Corridor Region           ................................               116
                      1970   ......................................................                           57         Table 10 -Central Corridor Region, Present             and Future Developed
                      Table 21 -North Central Region, Developed Recreational                 Facilities,                 Recreational Facility Needs         ..................................                117
                      1970   .................                                                                58         Map - North Shore Region            ..................................                120
                      Table 22 -Northeast Region, Developed Recreational                     Facilities,                 Table 11 -North Shore Region, Present and              Future Developed     Rec-
                      1970   ......................................................                           58         reational Facility Needs      ......................................                  121
                      Table 23 -Central Corridor Region, Developed Recreational Facili-                                  Map -Southwest Region            ....................................                 124
                      ties, 1970    ..................................................                        59         Table 12-Southwest Region, Present and                 Future Developed     Rec-
                      Table 24- North Shore Region, Developed Recreational                   Facilities,                 reational Facility Needs      ......................................                  126
                      1970   ......................................................                           59         Map -South Shore Region             ..................................                128
                      Table 25 -Southwest Region, Developed                  Recreational    Facilities,                 Table 13 -South Shore Region, Present and              Future Developed     Rec-
                      1970   ......................................................                           60         reational Facility Needs      ......................................                  129
                      Table 26 -South Shore Region, Developed                Recreational    Facilities,                 Map -Delaware Bay Region            ..................................                132
                      1970   ......................................................                           60         Table 14-Delaware Bay Region, Present and Future Developed
                      Table 27 -Delaware Bay Region, Developed               Recreational Facilities,                    Recreational Facility Needs         ..................................                133
                      1970   ......................................................                           61
                                                                                                                         Urban Needs Study
                      Supply of Water Resources                                                                          Map-Urban Needs Study, New Jersey                  ........................           138
                      Map -Ground Water Regions, New Jersey                   ......................          64         Table 1 - 153 Urban Municipalities, Population Data, 1970              ..........     139
                      Map -Major Rivers and Streams, New Jersey                 .......     *''***'***   ...  66         Table 2- Facilities Included in Urban Needs Study and Percent
                      Table 1 A -New Jersey's Atlantic Coastline, Ownership, 1969                 ........    70         Municipal Responsibility         ....................................                 140
                      Table 1 B - New Jersey's Atlantic Coastline, Shoreline Used For Rec-                               Table 3-Supply of Municipally Owned Urban Recreation Facilities,
                      reation, 1969      ..................                                                   70         1971      ................................                ...................         140
                      Table 2 -Lakes, Ponds, and Reservoirs Inventory, 1970                 ............      73         Table 4-Types of Urban Municipal Parks                 ......................         141
                      Table 3 - Reservoirs Inventory, 1970           ............................             74         Table 5 -Standards Used for Deriving               Demand in Urban New
                      Table 4- Major Reservoirs, (over150acres)                 ....................          75         Jersey       ..................................................                       142
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                  Table 6-1970 Urban Demand           ................................             142         Table 14 - Interstate      Scheduled        Development,          1971-1977
                  Table 7 -1970 Urban Facilities Demand by Region           ................       142         (cost)  ....................................................                     174
                  Table 8 -Facility Needs and Percent Demand Being Met by Existing                             Table15-Federal Scheduled Acquisition               Program,      1971-1977
                  Supply, Statewide and by Region, 153 Urban Municipalities, 1971            ....  143         (cost)  ....................................................                     175
                                                                                                               Table16-Federal Scheduled Development Program,                    1971-1977
                  Action Plan                                                                                  (cost)  ....................................................                     175
                  Table 1 -Scheduled Land Acquisition Program, 1971-1977               ........    166         Continuing Planning Program
                  Table 2 -Federal and Interstate Recreation Facilities Scheduled for
                  Development, 1971-1977         ....................................              168         Graph -Continuing Planning Program, Time Work Schedule                ........   198
                  Table 3-State Recreation Facilities Scheduled for Development,
                  1971-1977     .................................................                  168         Methodology of Demand Derivation, Appendix B
                  Table 4 -County Facilities Scheduled for Development, 1971-1977                  171         Table I -Derivation of the Activity Rate for Swimming           ............     203
                  Table 5- Municipal Facilities Scheduled for Development, 1971-                               Table 2 -Activity and Recreation Days Per Person in 1970, 1985 and
                  1977    ...................                                                      171         2000    ....................................................                     203
                  Table6-Sources of Funds for Scheduled Acquisition Programs,                                  Map - Influence Area For Away Demand            ........................         205
                  1971-1977    .......................                                             172         Table 3 -Vacations and Trips Away Demand in New Jersey, 1970                .... 205
                  Table 7 -Sources of Funds for Scheduled Development Programs,                                Table 4 -Outing Away Demand in New Jersey, 1970               ..............     206
                  1971-1977     ................................................                   172         Table 5 -Away Demand Distribution            ..........................          207
                  Table 8 - Municipal    Scheduled Acquisition        Program, 1971-1977                       Table 6 -Peaking Factors, Natural Ice Skating           ..................       207
                  (cost)  ............ .     *........                                             173         Land and Water Conservation Fund
                  Table 9 - Municipal Scheduled Development Program, 1971-1977
                  (cost)  ....................................................                     173         in New Jersey (1965-1972), Appendix 0
                  Table 10- County Scheduled Acquisition             Program   ,   1971-1977                   Table 1 -Land and Water Conservation Fund In New Jersey, Federal
                  (cost)  ....................................................                     173         Funds Approved For Projects, Project Breakdown, 1965-1972                ......  219
                  Tablell-County Scheduled           Development      Program,     1971-1977                   Table 2- Land and Water Conservation Fund In New Jersey, Federal
                  (cost)  ....................................................                     173         Funds Approved For Projects, Regional Breakdown, 1965-1972               ......  221
                  Table 12-State Scheduled           Acquisition     Program   ,   1971-1977                   Table 3- Land and Water Conservation Fund In New Jersey, Facili-
                  (cost)  ....................................................                     174         ties Constructed Through Local Projects By Region, 1965-1972             ......  222
                  Table 13-State Scheduled          Development Program,           101-1977                    Map-Land and Water Conservation Fund Projects, 1965-1972,
                  (cost)  ....................................................                     174         New Jersey       ..............................................                  223

                  vi
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                                                                                                 INTRODUCTION

                     LEGAL AUTHORITY                                                      resources through a rational program of recommendations and
                     New Jersey possesses the legal authority to participate              action. The plan has been prepared to meet the following spe-
                in the Land and Water Conservation Fund Program under                     cific objectives:
                provisions of New Jersey Statutes Annotated 13-1B-65 and                  1.  To identify deficiencies in outdoor recreation opportunities
                13AD-9(r) which state in part "... The department (of                         in New Jersey and to suggest various means for correcting
                Environmental Protection) shall in addition to the power and                  these deficiencies.
                duties vested in it by this act or any other law have the power           2.  To promote access to outdoor areas providing quality rec-
                to, . . . with the approval of the Governor, cooperate with, apply            reation experiences for all New Jersey citizens.
                for, receive and expend funds from, the Federal Govern-                   3.  To outline the responsibilities of the various levels of
                ment - "                                                                      government and the private sector in the field of outdoor
                     The Governor's approval was granted in his letter to Mr. G.              recreation.
                Douglas Hofe, Jr. of May 13, 1970 then Director of the Bureau             4.  To illustrate the need for preserving outstanding scenic,
                of Outdoor Recreation which states in part ". . . Commissioner                cultural, historic and natural resources.
                (of Environmental Protection) Sullivan, acting in the capacity            5.  To provide a basis for the priority distribution of Land and
                of State Liaison Officer, will have full authority and responsi-              Water Conservation Fund monies.
                bility to accept and administer funds paid for approved Land
                and Water Conservation Fund projects."                                         SCOPE OF PLAN
                     GOALS AND OBJECTIVES                                                      With increased leisure time, open space and outdoor rec-
                                                                                          reation facilities will play an increasingly important role in pro-
                     The principal goals of the 1973 Statewide Comprehensive              viding a desirable environment for present and future residents
                Outdoor Recreation Plan are the continual accumulation of data            of New Jersey. The primary responsibility for open space
                on the supply of open space, water resources and outdoor                  planning is a public one. Not only is there growing recognition
                recreation facilities, the degree and nature of demand for out-           of the nature of the problem, but there also exists a widespread
                door recreation opportunities, the deficiencies and surpluses             acceptance of the fact that the problems will have to be solved
                of available resources in meeting present and projected de-               through governmental action.
                mands, and the development of a framework for the orderly                      The 1973 Statewide Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation
                planning, acquisiticn, and development of the State's natural             Plan represents an effort by the State to evaluate New Jersey's
<pb n="10" />

              present and future needs relating to the provision of outdoor            applied to 1970 census data for New Jersey and the Recreation
              recreation opportunities. The plan seeks to survey available             Sphere of Influence population (portions of New York, Penn-
              resources, to determine demand for outdoor recreation oppor-             sylvania, Maryland and Delaware) as welf as revised population
              tunities, to recommend an action program to meet existing and            projections for 1985 and 2000.
              projected deficiencies, and to provide a basis for priority al-               A second special study was undertaken to focus on the
              location of Land and Water Conservation Fund monies.                     recreation needs of urban areas, a topic recommended for
                   Because the 1973 Statewide Comprehensive Outdoor Rec-               separate examination in the continuing planning program of the
              reation Plan was undertaken as an update of the 1966 plan, the           1966 plan. The study was undertaken in two parts. The first was
              basic supply-demand-nee6s methodology used in 1966 was re-               a general background survey of the relevant literature and a
              peated in 1973. To make the process more reflective of the               series of interviews with public officials in urban, municipalities.
              changes which have occurred since 1966, however, new infor-              The review identified problems and potential solutions for
              mation on supply and demand was used.                                    improving recreational opportunities In densely populated
                   The inventory of publicly owned open space lands and out-           areas. The second phase of the study was a supply-demand-
              door recreation facilities for thirteen activities, three more           needs analysis of municipally owned facilities in urban com-
              (bicycling, outdoor games and sports, and artificial ice skating)        munities in New Jersey for activities usually sought close to
              than were included in the 1966 plan, were completely updated.            home. The analysis was based on a "Municipal Outdoor Rec-
              Data on the county and municipal resources were gathered by              reation Survey" first conducted in 1968 and a similar inventory
              sending questionnaires for completion by each local jurisdic-            concentrating on the urban areas conducted in 1971. In all,
              tion. The federal and state inventories were updated by staff of         153 municipalities were included in the study based on criteria
              the Department of Environmental Protection. The inventory of             of gross population, population density or population growth
              private open space lands was not reinventoried and only a                rate. Participation rates and demand for the activities were de-
              sample survey to check changes in the supply of recreation               rived from recreation standards adapted to      the urban environ-
              facilities was conducted. Since no significant changes were              ment.
              found in manr of the facility totals, the 1966 inventory was                  In addition, two studies conducted by      the Department of
              considered adequate for use in the 1973 plan for all but four            Environmental Protection were incorporated      into the 1973 plan.
              activities: camping, snow skiing, hiking and horseback riding.           The first was an inventory of designated        historic sites con-
              An in depth inventory of the existing facilities for each of these       ducted by the Department's Historic Sites Section. This study
              activities was undertaken for the updated plan by staff of the           is part of a master plan being developed for the identification
              Department of Environmental Protection.                                  and protection of buildings, sites and areas of historic signifi-
                   A special new survey was conducted for the 1973 plan to             cance undertaken as part of a program under the National
              provide information lacking in the earlier plan on the State's           Park Service. The second was an inventory of previously iden-
              freshwater resources. Each lake, pond and reservoir was listed           tified natural areas and areas of unique natural significance
              by name, surface acreage, location (municipality and county),            which should be acquired or protected. This study was prepared
              ownership, whether open to public recreational use and what              by the Department's Natural Areas Section.
              was considered its primary use. Totals by county and planning                 As part of the planning process, extensive consideration
              region provided the basis for much of the discussion of water            has been given during the past few years to the development of
              resource supply and needs.                                               a system for rating projects proposed for funding under the
                   Demand methodology was again based on the findings and              Land and Water Conservation Fund Act. Through the exper-
              procedures of the Outdoor Recreation Resources Review                    ience gained in administering this program in New Jersey, a
              Commission study used in the 1966 plan. This approach was                priority evaluation system was developed in 1968 and revised in

              2
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              1973. The priority considerations include 13 factors each given        next five years as described in the Continuing Planning Program
              a certain maximum number of points. The system translates the          Chapter. The,other contributing agencies and resource pro-
              recommendations and priority needs and considerations of the           grams which will have significant input into the State's future
              plan into the rating of all proposed projects and the funding          planning program are identified in the Related Programs Chap-
              of the most desirable proposals.                                       ter.
                                                                                         The Department intends to conduct the proposed studies
                    PLAN MAINTENANCE                                                 with its own staff and the cooperation and assistance of the
                                                                                     Division of State and Regional Planning of the Department of
                   The responsibility for maintaining New Jersey's Compre-           Community Affairs. It will, however, when deemed appropriate,
              hensive   Outdoor Recreation Plan will remain with the Depart-         engage the services of consultants.
              ment of   Environmental Protection. The Department's commit-                As part of the Department's program to maintain a rele-
              ment to a meaningful and productive continuing planning                vant, comprehensive plan, it will actively seek the involvement
              program is evidenced by the schedule of studies and inven-             of regional and county planning agencies to coordinate related
              tories to be performed by its planning staff         during the        recreation activities.

                                                                                                                                       NW,*

                                                                                   11
                                                 7F
                                                                   low

                                                                                                                                                     3
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               Summary of Findings                                                             6. New Jersey's resources experience a high level of demand
                                                                                                   from residents of neighboring states which constitute the
               and Reeommendations                                                                 Recreational Sphere of Influence.

               MAJOR FINDINGS                                                                      SUPPLY OF LAND RESOURCES
                   STATE CHARACTERISTICS AND RESOURCES                                         1.  The public and private sectors in New Jersey provide
                                                                                                   651,864 acres of open space and recreational lands. Of this
               1.  The State of New Jersey is the most densely populated                           total the public sector owns 473,283 acres and the private
                   state in the nation.                                                            sector 178,581 acres.
               2.  The vast majority of the population lives in the northeastern               2.  The publicly owned lands are administered by the Federal
                   and central portions of the State leaving large areas of the                    Government (45,239 acres), the State Government
                   State in forest or farm lands.                                                  (371,842 acres), and the municipal and county governments
               3.  New Jersey contains a rich variety of natural resources in-                     (53,772 acres).
                   cluding geology, topography, water, forests, plant life, and                3.  The State is the major supplier of beach swimming, water
                   fish and wildlife.                                                              acreage for fishing and boating, camping sites, hiking and
               4.  NevV Jersey has many important historic and cultural. re-                       horseback riding trails, hunting acreage and picnic areas.
                   sources.                                                                        The county governments are the major suppliers of picnic
                                                                                                   tables, snow skiing slopes, artificial ice skating areas and
                                                                                                   golf courses. The municipal governments are the major
                   DEMAND                                                                          suppliers of swimming pools, boating areas, ramps and
               1 . Factors of population growth, rising family incomes and                         berths, shoreline for swimming and fishing, bicycle trails,
                   increasing leisure time have contributed to the rapidly in-                     natural ice skating areas, and playgrounds, playfields and
                   creasing demand for outdoor recreation in New Jersey as                         game courts.
                   they have elsewhere in the Nation.
               2.  The recreation demand generated by the residents of New                         SUPPLY OF WATER RESOURCES
                   Jersey and neighboring states has surpassed the capacity
                   of the existing supply of outdoor recreation facilities for                 1.  New Jersey's 127 mile Atlantic coastline is the State's most
                   many activities and in many instances has resulted in the                       valuable natural resource in terms of recreation.
                   reduction of the quality of the individual experience.                      2.  The total mileage of New Jersey's numerous rivers and
               3.  Swimming ranks as the most popular outdoor recreation ac-                       streams approaches 6,448 miles.
                   tivity in New Jersey. During the peak season there is a de-                 3.  There are over 50,000 acres of lakes, ponds, and reservoirs
                   mand for 40 million recreation days in New Jersey.                              in New Jersey. Private interests own 629 of the 965 lakes,
               4.  Driving for pleasure and walking for pleasure are second                        ponds, and reservoirs.
                   and third in popularity with peak season demands of over                    4.  New Jersey's 55 reservoirs have a total water surface area
                   33 million and 29 million recreation days respectively.                         of 15,936 acres. Less than 4,000 acres are open for public
               5.  Playing outdoor games, ranked fourth in activity popularity,                    recreation.
                   accounts for a demand of almost 20 million recreation days                  5.  It is estimated that there are 400,000 acres of marine wet-
                   during the peak season.                                                         lands in the State.

               4
<pb n="13" />

                6.  Less than 40% of the State's total water surface area is
                    open to the public for recreational use.
                7.  New Jersey's water resources are lVnited in their recreation                                                                               _.X,
                    utilization due to problems of water pollution, limited
                    access, and restrictive user charges.

                    NEEDS: OPEN SPACE,
                    WATER RESOURCES, FACILITIES

                                                                                                                                                    A
                1 . 1970 deficits of open space at every governmental level
                    throughout New Jersey amount to 246,952 acres. By 1985
                    this deficit will grow to 308,072 acres without additional
                    public acquisition.
                2.  1970 open space      deficits by level of government: Federal
                                                                                  579
                    Government- 40,779 acres, State Government-11161
                    acres, county governments -48,708 acres, munici al
                                                                                  p
                    governments - 40,886 acres.
                3.  The Northeast Region has the greatest open space deficit.
                4.  The largest 1970 deficit in water-based recreation was
                    found in boating - 43,682 recreation days.
                5.  1970 facility needs varied from region to region but overall                is being met while only 2% of the demand for bicycling is
                    the highest deficits were in outdoor games and sports,                      being met.
                    bicycling and; picnicking.                                              4.  No region had any significant surplus of facilities.
                6.  The most critical recreation needs exist at municipal and
                    county levels for day use facilities.                                        LEGISLATION

                                                                                                 Since 1966 New Jersey has successfully enacted an
                    URBAN NEEDS                                                             important legislative program which includes a number of bills
                1 . Recreational opportunities in urban areas are limited be-               having a significant impact on New Jersey's environment. The
                    cause recreation has always been one of the unwanted                    legislation deals with wetlands protection, liability limitation
                    children of municipal budgets.                                          for private land owners, flood plain control, environmental
                2.  The greatest need in urban areas is for basketball facilities.          commissions, bond issues, pesticide control, ocean pollution
                    An additional 3,588 courts are needed to meet current                   and noise control.
                    demand for this activity in the State's urban areas. This is
                    followed by playlots (1,975), tennis courts (1,525) and                      ACTION PROGRAM
                    passive areas (1,245).
                3.  Statewide 32% of the demand for the facilities included in                   Although the scheduled development programs of
                    this study is being met by existing facilities. Percent demand          municipalities, counties, and the State will provide a substantial
                    being met varied with activity: 78% of the football demand              number of new recreation facilities, they will fall far short of

                                                                                                                                                                5
<pb n="14" />

              meeting all of the 1985 outdoor recreation facility deficits iden-         cific recommendations for each level of government and the
              tified in the plan. Continuation of the development programs at            private sector are set forth in this plan.
              their present levels of funding after 1977 would still result in
              sizable 1985 facility deficits at all governmental levels.                       GENERAL
                   The total state need in terms of land to be acquired by all
              jurisdictions by the year 1985 is slightly over 300,000 acres.                   In general, all levels of government should emphasize
              Despite the accelerated land acquisition program which will                open space acquisition to preserve recreation resources that
              provide a net gain in publicly owned recreation land of 122,299            would otherwise be lost for future public use while continuing
              acres, it is evident that available funds will    not be sufficient        to develop recreation areas in an orderly manner.
              to completely fulfill the growing need.                                          Each successive level of government should retain a

                                                                                                                                                             _4

                                                                                                                      771.
                                                             NO

              MAJOR RECOMMENDATIONS                                                      greater percentage of open space holdings in an undeveloped
                                                                                         state for conservation purposes.
                    In order to address itself to the outdoor recreation needs                 Each level of government, consistent with its assigned
              identified in this plan and to protect and enhance the State's             responsibilities, should provide the recreation facilities re-
              environmental quality, each level of government and the                    quired to accommodate the unmet recreation demands indenti-
              private sector must undertake to increase acquisition of open              fied in the Needs Chapter.
              space and the development of recreation facilities through                       Priority should be given to park and recreation areas that
              such actions as the continuation and expansion of funding                  will be easily accessible to the people who are expected to use
              programs, enactment of new legislation and regulatory                      the areas.
              measures, continued planning and programming. Major spe-                         All levels of government should expand existing funding

              6
<pb n="15" />

                programs for recreation development and open space acquisi-                quality management programs, funding for the construction
                tion and establish new funding sources where needed.                       of new water pollution abatement facilities and the upgrading
                                                                                           of existing facilities, and enforcing the State Water Pollution
                      FEDERAL GOVERNMENT                                                   statutes.
                      Continue and expand matching grant programs providing                     Support legislation that would relieve the property tax
                funds to state and local governments for acquisition and de-               burden from non-profit conservation and environmental groups
                velopment of open space and recreation areas while providing               holding open space for preservation purposes.
                a sufficient level of revenue sharing funding to permit state                   COUNTY GOVERNMENT
                and local governments to allocate a portion of the funds to rec-
                reational uses, especially maintenance and operation, along                     Acquire, develop, maintain, and operate recreation areas
                with the other permitted uses.                                             to serve the outdoor recreation needs of county residents.
                      Continue and expand funding programs for the planning                     Use a portion of the federal revenue sharing funds to
                and construction of water pollution abatement facilities.                  augment the recreation budget for open space acquisition,
                      Integrate recreation planning as a significant part of inter-        facility development and maintenance and operation programs
                state and regional planning.
                      Expand responsibilities to include providing sizable recrea-              MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT
                tion areas in close proximity to large urban complexes of high                  Provide and administer intensely developed, user-oriented
                population density.                                                        facilities easily accessible to the local population.
                      STATE GOVERNMENT                                                          Use a portion of the federal revenue sharing funds to
                      (Department of Environmental Protection)                             augment the recreation budget for open space acquisition,
                      Actively promote and support proposed         legislation and        facility development and maintenance and operation programs.
                                                                                                Identify and use all available recreation resources includ-
                programs that would have favorable environmental con-
                sequences such as state, regional, and local land use regula-              ing lands and buildings under the control of local boards of
                tions and air and water anti-pollution legislation.                        education.
                      Establish new sources of funds for local and state open                   Adhere to sound land use principles which recognize the
                space acquisition and recreation facilities development. Specif-           incompatibility of certain uses and the necessity of retaining
                ically we recommend the establishment of a third Green Acres               natural elements for a quality living environment.
                Bond Issue and a funding program for recreation facility devel-                 Investigate the feasibility of using innovative techniques
                opment.                                                                    to meet urban recreation space, facility and program needs.
                      Continue to integrate recreation planning as part of total                PRIVATE SECTOR
                state land use planning.
                      Provide recreation programs and areas which serve all                     Non-profit conservation and environmental groups should
                segments of the State's population including the economically              continue to acquire open space for preservation purposes, es-
                and physically handicapped, and encourage other levels of                  pecially areas of ecological significance.
                government to provide similar programs and facilities.                          Farmers and other private large tract owners, in keeping
                      Establish state park and recreation areas within or in               with ecological limitations to carrying capacity, should con-
                close proximity to urban areas.                                            sider opening their lands to general public recreational use
                      Continue providing the administrative framework for water            in view of the state legislation relieving the private owner from

                                                                                                                                                               7
<pb n="16" />

              liability except in cases of gross negligence or the charging           ment of Environmental Protection over the next four years.
              of fees for use.                                                        The Program will include updated inventories of public and
                   Private commercial enterprises should develop day use              private open space and facility supplies. It will alsoi.nclude sev-
              and overnight recreation facilities such as lake swimming and           eral studies dealing with demand, urban needs, special groups,
              campgrounds where favorable market conditions exist.                    recreation standards, environmental education, recreational
                  CONTINUING PLANNING PROGRAM                                         travel patterns, trails, scenic and recreational rivers, fresh-
                                                                                      water resources and the Atlantic coastline. Resources and per-
                  The plan recommends an extensive continuing           planning      sonnel outside the Department will be called upon to help in
              program to be undertaken by the planning staff of the      Depart-      completing this program whenever necessary.

                                                                                      POW
                                                                                                                                       71
                                                                                                                                  @20

                                                                                  A

                                                                                                                                     46

                                                                                                           177

              8
<pb n="17" />

                                            STATE CHARACTERISTICS
                                                                              AND RESOURCES

                Population and Soeio-                                                  average. About 89% of the State's population lives in urbanized
                                                                                       areas as defined by the U.S. Bureau of Census.
                Economie Charneteristies                                                    Between 1960 and 1970, Ocean County's population
                                                                                       increased by 92.6% and Sussex County's population increased
                     POPULATION                                                        by 57.4%, the highest growth rates experienced by New
                                                                                       Jersey's twenty-one counties. Counties bordering the densely
                                                                                       populated northeast section of New Jersey experienced growth
                     The population of the United States has increased from            rates exceeding the state rate of 18.2%, -while the five counties
                less than 4 million in 1790 to more that 204 million in 1970.          comprising the northeast urban region experienced relatively
                Although the population growth has exhibited a westward trend,         low growth rates. In fact, Hudson County, the most densely
                New Jersey's population has grown at a rate equal to or often          populated county in the State, lost 0.2% of its population during
                greater than that of the nation as a whole. Not only has New
                Jersey's population shown an absolute increase, but this               Southbound traffic on the Garden State Parkway approaches the Raritan toll plaza
                increase has massed into defined urbanized areas with
                resultant increases in density.

                     POPULATION DISTRIBUTION
                                                                                                    7r
                     New Jersey officially became the most densely populated
                State in the nation, 954 persons per square mile, when the 1970
                census figures were released. (See map entitled "Population
                Density 1970.") The major portion of the State's population,
                approximately 74%, lives in eleven counties which form a
                corridor between New York and Philadelphia. County
                population densities range from 13,816 people per square mile
                in Hudson to 147.3 in Sussex. Nearly 50% of New Jersey's
                population resides in the five northeastern counties which
                border the New York City Metropolitan Area creating a
                population density almost five times greater than the state                                                   -MONW".

                                                                                                                                                        9
<pb n="18" />

              the ten vear span and the number of people living in Essex               POPULATION DENSITY
              County, the second most densely populated county, grew by                 1970
              only 0.7%. The rural counties of South. Jersey-Salem,
              Cumberland and Atlantic- experienced population growths
              below the average state rate.

                                                                                              'r A@_

                   AGE COMPOSITION
                   Between 1960 and 1970 New Jersey's population not only                                                           X
              increased by over one million people, but the various age
              groups comprising the population underwent changes relative
              to each other. New Jersey's age group composition changes
              closely paralleled national and regional trends. The proportion
              of New Jersey's population in the under 5 and 25-44 age groups
              dropped by 2.4% and 3.9% respectively., These percent
                                                                                        PERSONS PER SOLIARE MILE
              decreases for -the United States are 2.9% and 2.6%,
              respectively, and for the Northeast Region 2.3% and 3.3%,
                                                                                             0-49
                                                                              -19,
              respectively. During the same time period, the age groups 5
                                                                                             50-199
              20-24, 45-64, and 65 and over showed increases for all three
              regions with the exception of the Northeast's 45-64 bracket                    200-999
              which remained constant. It should be noted that the 20-64 age                 1,000-4,999
              group, composed of the primary wage earners, showed a
                                                                                             5,000-9,999         'Adr
              decline in proportion to the total population of 0.2% for the
              United States and 1.4% for both New Jersey and the Northeast                   10,000 &amp; OVER
              Region (see Tables 1 and 2).

                   OCCUPATIONAL DISTRIBUTION

                   The change in occupational distribution is similar for New
              Jersey, the United States, and the Northeast Region. Across the
              board, the greatest increases between 1960 and 1970 for all
              three regions have been in the categories of professional and
              technical workers and in the clerical and sales workers-
              a total increase of   5.7%, 7.3%, and 5.6% for New Jersey,
              the Northeast Region, and the United States, respectively;
              the greatest decrease has been in the field of operative and
              labor workers-3.9%, 2.7%, and 2.3%, respectively. (See
              graph entitled "Occupational Distribution 1960-1970.")

              10
<pb n="19" />

                                  TABLE 1: POPULATION TRENDS BY AGE GROUPS/NEW JERSEY, NORTHEAST.                                                                                                                                 UNITED STATES/1960 AND 1970

                                                                                                                 Absolute                                                                                        Absolute                                                                                              Absolute
                                                                                                                 Growth                                                                                           Growth                                                                                               Growth
                                  Age Group                        1960                        1970              (Or dec I ine)    Age Group                       1960                        1970             (or decline)               Age Group                      1960                         1970         (or   decline)
                                                                     New    Jersey                                                                                          Northeast                                                                                            United States
                                  Under 5                          642,197                     589,226           -18.2%                Under 5                     4,657,013                   3,987,096              -14.4%               Under 5                   20,321,864                   17,166,973                15.5%
                                  5-19                         1,502,955                   2,014,888             +34.1%                5-19                        11,144,610                  13,743,559             +23.3%               5-19                      48,762,554                   59,812,230                22.7%
                                  20-24                            321,054                     509,198           @ 58.6%               20-24                       2,467,447                   3,628,376              +47.1%               20-24                     10,803,169                   16,371,650              + 51.5%
                                  25-44                        1,716,021                   1,746,060             + 1.8%                25-44                       12,031,543                  11,566,483                3.9%              25-44                     46,897,627                   47,980,121              + 2.3%
                                  45-64                        1,324,141                   1,611,803                21.7%              45-64                       9,974,091                   10,908,811                9.4%              45-64                     36,333,220                   41,785,133                15.0%
                                  65 and over                      560,414                     696,989           f 24.4%               65 and over                 4,406,998                   5,210,095              + 18.2%              65 and over               16,207,237                   20,049,592                23.7%

                                  Source: U.    S. Bureau of Census - Final and Advance Reports
                                  TABLE 2: POPULATION COMPOSITION                                                              BY AGE GROUPS/ NEW JERSEY, NORTHEAST, UNITED STATES/ 1960 AND                                                                                                                              1970
                                                                       New Jersey                                                                                              Northeast                                                                                    United States
                                                                   1960                        1970                                                                     1960                        1970                                                                  1960                         191o
                                                               6,066,782                   7,168,164                                                               44,681,702                  49,044,420                                                            179,323,175                  203,184,772
                                  Age Group                        People                      People            Difference            Age Group                        People                      People            Difference           Age Group                    People                         People         Difference

                                  Under 5                          10.6%                       8.2%                 -2.4%              Under 5                          10.4%                       8.1%                 -2.3%             Under 5                        11.3%                        8.4%               -2.9%
                                  5-19                             24.8%                       28.1%                +3.3%              5-19                             25.01/o                     28.0%                +3.01/.           5-19                           27.2%                        29.4%              +2.2%
                                  20-24                            5.3%                        7.1%                 + 1.81/o           20-24                            5.5%                        7.4%                 + 1.91/o          20-24                           6.01/o                      8.1%               +2.1%
                                  25-44                            28.3%                       24.4%                -3.9%              25-44                            2 6. 9%                     23.6%                -3.3%             25-44                          26.2%                        23.6%              -2.6%
                                  45-64                            21.8%                       22.5%                +0.7%              45-64                            22.3%                       22.3%                                  45-64                          20.3%                        20.6%                0.3%
                                  65 and over                      9.2%                        9.7%                 +0.5%              65 and over                      9.9%                        10.6%                1 .7%             65 and over                     9. M.                       9.9%                 0. 9%
                                                                   100. O-A                    100.0%                                                                   100.0%                      100.0%                                                               100.0%                        100.0%

                                  Source: U. S. Bureau of Census

                                           EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT                                                                                                                                  FAMILY INCOME

                                           The national and Northeast                                               regional trends toward                                                          New Jersey exhibits the same general trend as the United
                                  increased educational attainment are also the trend which                                                                                              States and the Northeast Region with regard to family income.
                                  emerges in New Jersey. The greatest percent increase is in                                                                                             The similarity is especially noted in the percent increases
                                  high school completion followed by four years or more of                                                                                               between 1960 and 1970 for New Jersey, the Northeast Region,
                                  college. Between 1960 and 1970, the percentage of New                                                                                                  and the United States in the $10,000 and over bracket - 37.6%,
                                  Jerseyans 25 years old and over with four years of high school                                                                                         35.2%, and 32.2%, respectively -and in the percent decreases
                                  increased 7.2% from 24.6% to 31.8%; this compares favorably                                                                                            in the under $3,000 to $6,999 brackets-25.4%, 26.5%, and
                                  with the national and Northeast Region increases of 6.5% and                                                                                           21.8%, respectively. However, the increase in median income
                                  7.4%, respectively. The percentage increases between the                                                                                               for the ten year period - $4,621 for New Jersey, $4,263 for the
                                  same decade for four years or more of college were 3.4%,                                                                                               Northeast Region, and $3,930 for the United States -has to be
                                  3.0%, 3.1% for New Jersey, the United States, and the                                                                                                  carefully evaluated in terms of the inflationary process. Based
                                  Northeast                 Region,                  respectively.                     (See graph                          entitled                      upon the 1967 dollar equaling one dollar, the actual purchasing
                                  "Educational Achievement 1960-1970.")                                                                                                                  increases in income for the regions are $2,002.99, $1,765.81,
                                                                                                                                                                                         and $1,929.17, respectively. (See graph entitled "Family
                                                                                                                                                                                         Income 1960-1970.")
<pb n="20" />

                                     Historieal Background                                                                                                                                                        After 1664 England took control of Duthch settlements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                   along the Delaware and all the possession whcih encompass
                                                 PRE-COLONIAL AND COLONIAL PERIODS                                                                                                                                the present State of New Jersey. In 1673, the terrotory returned
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  to Dutch rule; however, this only lasted until 1674 at which time
                                                 The earliest known inhabitants of New Jersey were the                                                                                                            New Jersey was restored by treaty to England.  The restoration
                                     Lenni Lenape Indians who generally lived in small settlements                                                                                                               of English rule marked the entrance of New Jersey into the
                                     along the Delaware River and, thus, were called the                                                                                                                         "Colonial" period which continued for the next hundred years
                                     "Delawares" by the colonists.                                                                                                                                                   During the struggle for independence from English rule
                                                 Although the first authenticated visit of a European to New                                                                                                     New Jersey became known as the "Pathway of the American
                                     Jersey was made by Giovanni deVerrazano under French                                                                                                                       Revolution." Three major battles and some ninety lesser
                                     authority in 1524, voyages to this region for exploration, trade,                                                                                                          skirmishes were fought in the State. Many of the battle sites and
                                     and settlement had their real beginnings in 1609 when Henry                                                                                                               'historic structures of the Revolution have been and are being
                                     Hudson under the aegis of the Dutch East India Company,                                                                                                                  restored as reminders of the struggle for indpendence
                                     explored the area.
                                                 After Hudson's voyage the                                                   Dutch and the Swedish were                                                            After the United States had been created, a new era of
                                     the dominant explorers in New Jersey. However, since they                                                                                                                 growth developed with concomitant problems.  Despite the
                                     were basically traders and did not make many permanent                                                                                                                    attempts of New Jersey port cities to gain and hold on to their
                                     settlements, their attempts at colonization had very little                                                                                                               trade, for example, ground was lost to the yeo emerging giants
                                     influence; what influence did exist was in Dutch control.                                                                                                                of commerce -New York City and Philadelphia

                                     12
<pb n="21" />

                     THE NINETEENTH CENTURY

                     The nineteenth century era of industrialization with its
                emphasis on resource use and considerations of time and
                distance heralded an awareness of the need for overland
                transportation as opposed to natural water routes. As a result
                the early nineteenth century (1800-1830) became the era of the                                                                        7_1
                turnpike which  aided in the development of internal cities. The
                emphasis on turnpikes was replaced later by canals and
                railroads; roads did not regain their importance until the                  i
                development of the automobile near the turn of the twentieth
                century. Railroad and canal transportation drew Philadelphia
                                                                                                                                                            F
                and New York even closer, increasing both New Jersey's role
                as a travel corridor and that part of New Jersey under their
                economic influence.
                                                                                                        A_
                     By 1840 New Jersey had grown to a population of 3Z3,000.
                What would become the major cities of the twentieth century              Inside of General Store - Allaire State Park
                had, by then, assumed well defined roles in the State's econ-            countryside between the corridors and areas beyond the reach
                omy. Except for the Civil War period (1860-1865), prosperity             of rails.
                accelerated constantly. New found wealth of the growing upper                 The events of the firstfifty yearsof the century-two World
                and middle classes aided in the development of leisure time              Wars, the Depression, and economic reforms -have tended to
                pursuits thus giving impetus to the development of New                   obscure the monumental changes of New Jersey's pattern of
                Jersey's coastal resort areas.                                           development and social structure. Nonetheless, the State
                     In 1880 the State reached and passed the one million                continued its rapid growth to become a leader in diversified
                population mark. The emergence of the urban state was in                 industrial production, research and advanced technology, and
                process as New Jersey passed into the twentieth century.                 agriculture. Since 1900, the expansion of the major
                                                                                         metropolitan centers has resulted in a 291% increase of
                     THE TWENTIETH CENTURY                                               population, from 1,834,000 to 7,168,164 in 1970. Today New
                                                                                         Jersey is the most densely populated of the nation's fifty states
                     The availability of intercity rail passenger service and the        (954 persons per square mile) and, by virtue of its strategic
                emergence of the automobile together with the growth of the              location, it is the main transport link in the megalopolitan chain
                affluent middle class "white collar" occupations accentuated             extending from Boston to Virginia.
                the trend toward suburban ization. Although the automobile had                In New Jersey, a State prone to seemingly endless urban
                made its entrance at the turn of the century, railroads continued        expansion, the planned' utilization of its land and water
                to reign supreme until the close of World War 11. Automobiles,           resources is of critical importance. The setting aside of a part of
                and the highways they traversed, were feeders rather than                the open land resources of the State for conservation and
                competitors of the railroads, and suburban development was               recreation, together with historical preservation, should be a
                confined largely to narrow corridors through which the railroads         paramount concern at all levels of government, for once
                passed. In the late 1940's and 1950's, people in great numbers           overrun by urban development these resources can never be
                broke away from the bondage of rail lines and began to fill the          replaced.

                                                                                                                                                           13
<pb n="22" />

              Natural Resourees                                                        GEOLOGIC FEATURES

                   GEOLOGY

                   New Jersey can count within its borders over sixty types of
              geologic formations or rock units which are representative of
              almost every period of,geologic time. These formations have              UNIQUE MINERAL DEPOSITS
                                                                                        03 FRANKLIN
              provided the State with its varied scenic and recreational
              resources ranging from the mountains to the seashore.                                                             5
                                                                                                                              &lt;
                   As can be seen on the map entitled "Geologic Features,"             PROMINENT LAND FORMS
              two geologic provinces are evident within the State-the
                                                                                        01 KITTATINNY RIDGE
              Appalachian and the Coastal Plain-each with distinctive                   (@)CULVERS GAP
              geologic and topographic characteristics. The Appalachian                 (j) DELAWARE WATER   GAP      -44
                                                                                                                          @Ik
              Province covers generally the portion of the State north of a line           PATERSON FALLS
              from Woodbridge to Trenton. Here are to be found New Jersey's             (I)SCHOOLEY'S MOUNTAIN
                                                                               nd       @ PALISADES                              rA  _@J
              fine mountain state parks and forests at High Point, Stokes a             07 ROUND VALLEY
              Worthington as well as mountain lakes such as Wawayanda,                  @WATCHUNGS                                     . .....
              Greenwood and the unique, glacial Sunfish Pond. In this                      HUNTERDON PLATEAU
              province, too, are wind-formed Culver's Gap, and water-formed             @ SANDY HOOK.                                               V,
                                                                                        @ ATLANTIC HIGHLANDS
              Delaware Water Gap. Other features of note in this province                                                              v\
              are: the majestic Palisades along the Hudson River, Great
              Piece Meadows, and the Great Swamp, all in the Passaic River             GLACIAL GEOLOGY
              Valley; and'Cushetunk Mountain, a unique horseshoe -shaped                &amp;GREAT PIECE MEADOWS
              ridge rising abbve the gently rolling hills of Hunterdon County,             HACKENSACK MEADOWS
              now the site of Round Valley Reservoir, a multi-use, state                   GREAT SWAMP                   aD
              owned water storage and recreation facility.                                 NEWARK MEADOWS                                     Al
                  The Coastal Plain Province makes up the remainder of the                                                        'IX
              State, geologically, and covers the southern portion. It is in this
              province that the most extensive forested area of New Jersey,
              "The Pine Lands," is found. Important as a vast aquifer
              recharge basin, the State has set aside sub
                                                            stantial portions of
              these lands, particularly at Lebanon and Wharton State Forests.          IMPORTANT
                                                                                       ARCHEOLOGICAL
              Another prominent geological feature of the province is the              DISCOVERIES                                        J
              chain of natural barrier beaches that extends from Delaware               (ID VERNON MASTODON
              Bay to Raritan Bay. These beaches form the backbone of the                   HADDONFIELD DIN   SAUR
              shore resort industry in New Jersey and include the beaches at
              Sandy Hook and Island Beach State Parks, as well as those                    SALT WATER MARSHES
              planned at Cape May Point and Higbee Beach. Not to be                    SOUROE:
              overlooked are the salt marshes or "wetlands" behind the                 UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

              14
<pb n="23" />

               coastal barrier beaches and along the Delaware Bay. Important                 New Jersey's position on the Atlantic Coast places it in the
               in the ecological scheme of things, they also provide nearly             midst of the cold air masses moving down from Canada.
               unlimited opportunities for recreation.                                  All northern areas of the State have' experienced -150F
                                                                                        temperatures or     'lower and zero temperatures are not
                                                                                        uncommon during winter, even along the southern shore;
                    CLIMATE                                                             however, the January average temperature ranges from 280
                                                                                        for the northern sections of the State to 34' for the southern
                    There is a significant variation in climate within the 166-         areas. The lowest temperature on record, -340F, was
               mile length of New Jersey. Climatologists refer to the climate as        recorded at River Vale. New Jersey's snowfall is comparatively
               "Continental," characterized by cold winters and moderately              light, although all localities can expect some fall - The heaviest
               hot summers with a range in average temperature of 40                    snowfalls occur in northern New Jersey, the average in Sussex
               degrees or more from the coldest to the warmest month.                   County being about 42 inches.

               Skylands

                                                                       A,

                                                                            -IN

                                                                                                                          @41

                                   _7

                                                                                                                                                        15
<pb n="24" />

                   The summer months also may be extreme at times. The             SCENIC VIEWS AND FEATURE
              tropical air masses that move into the State from the southwest
              and south tend to be moist and hot, sending hundreds of                                                                2;
              thousands of people from the sweltering cities to the mountain
              lake and coastal shore resorts. The July average temperature         APPALACHIAN NORTHWEST REG,@,,/
                                                                                    J" HIGH POINT
              is above 70*F throughout the State, and all parts of the State
                                                                                    @@- LAKE WAYWAYANDA
              have experienced temperatures above 100OF at one time or              2                                                         41
              another.                                                              @)/ GREENWOOD LAKE
                                                                                    ',,@,'SUNRISE MOUNTAIN
                   Average annual precipitation is 40 inches or more, making        *) CULVER'S GAP
              New Jersey one of the wettest areas of the United States.             (i@TILLMAN'S RAVINE
              Northern sections of the State receive the greatest fall with         @f)DELAWARE WATER   GAP
                                                                                    Ck )LAKE HOPATCONG
              annual averages of about 50 inches. The rainfall is relatively          JENNY JUMP
              reliable and seldom does the total annual fall vary greatly from         MUSCONETCONG   VALLEY
              the average.                                                             VOORHEES
                   TOPOGRAPHIC AND SCENIC FEATURES                                                                                                17"
                   New Jersey possesses distinct topographic features              CENTRAL REGION
              providing a variety of fine natural facilities and resources for        PATERSON FALLS
              recreational enjoyment. Though not spectacular in the grand             THE PALISADES
              sense, there is much scenic beauty ranging from the rugged              GARRETT MOUNTAIN
              Palisades and the subtle beauty of the forested Slopes and            &amp; EAGLE ROCK
                                                                                    &amp;WASHINGTON ROCK
              cultivated lowlands of the Musconetcong Valley to the con-              WASHINGTON'S CROSSING
              templative beauty of the lakes and streams and tidal waters.
              The recreationist, in seeking communion with nature, may hike
              along the Appalachian Trail, perhaps drive westward on Route
             -24 through the scenic countryside, or paddle a canoe along the
              delightful Millstone River. As shown on the map entitled "Scenic
              Views and Features," the State has preserved and developed
              many of its fine natural features and scenic views. The
              recreational activities more generally associated with these
              resources include picnicking, hiking, swimming, camping,
              fishing, boating or simply scenic enjoyment. Such opportunities
              are generally provided at areas such as Tillman's Ravine,            COASTAL REGION
                                                                                    1 TELEGRAPH HILL
              Sunrise Mountain and Island Beach.                                    I TWIN LIGHTS
                                                                                      ISLAND BEACH
                                                                                    W FORT M017
                   LAND AND WATER RESOURCES                                         15J CORSON'S INLET
                                                                                    E SEVEN MILE BEACH
                   Land is a limited resource that becomes more of a problem        M SANDY HOOK
              annually due to the horizontal spread of development occurring        (110 BARNEGAT BAY INLET

              16
<pb n="25" />

              throughout the nation. The ever increasing exodus of people              PHYSICAL FACTORS
              and industry from the urban centers into the suburban and rural          AFFECTING DEVELOPMENT
              areas is creating an ever mounting pressure on our natural
              resources. This population spread, with its concomitant needs
              for more land for housing, commerce, industry and highways,
              clearly illustrates the delicate balance between land                                                                                  4;17
                                                                                                                                                        ,if
              conservation and economic development and the vital
              necessity for the interrelationship of the two objectives.

              Land -The economic vitality of a state can be measured in part
              by its rate of land consumption. In New Jersey, residential
              development is the largest single user, occupying 50% of all
              developed land. The demand for residential land in some parts
              of the State already has outpaced the supply.
                    Laced with more than 2,400 miles of state highways,
              freeways and limited access roads, 6,600 miles of county roads
              and seventeen railroads with 1,700 miles of right of way,
              transportation is the second largest user of land. Providing for
              the movement of goods and people may soon rank with                          AREAS OF GREATER THAN 12% SLOPE
              residential development in land consumption.                             =3 MAJOR RIVERS, LAKES, AND WETLANDS
                    Industry is also a large consumer of land. With the
              continuing trend toward industrial parks and the construction of
              offices in landscaped surroundings, many new industrial
              developments are outside of the urbanized counties, thus
                                                                                                                                    A
              increasing the competition for the dwindling supply of land.
                    Fortunately, even with this seemingly prodigious use of
                                                                  0
              land in a State of just under 5 million acres, 65/6' of the land
              area is still in forests, agricultural land and wetlands. Excellent
              opportunities still abound for providing recreation al'open space,                                                               A
              particularly considering that lands not best suited to residential
                                                                                                                                1A
              and industrial develooment or agricultural use are sometimes
              most suitable for conservation and recreation uses, e.g., flood
              plains, lands with slopes in excess of 12%, salt marshes and
              estuarine areas and heavily forested lands. New Jersey has
              numerous fine areas of these kinds, many of them within easy
              reach of the larger cities and urban centers. (See map entitled
              "Physical Factors Affecting Development.")

                                                                                                                                                        17
<pb n="26" />

              Water -New Jersey, bounded on the east by the Hudson River              lakes are Swartswood and Wawayanda.
              and Atlantic Ocean, on the west by the Delaware River and on                 Reservoirs have only recently been counted among New
              the south by Delaware Bay, contains many fine internal water            Jersey's recreation resources. Six are now open for public
              areas as well as coastal water resources. The more than                 recreation: state owned Spruce Run and Round Valley,
              50,000 acres of reservoirs, lakes and ponds, and over 6,000             municipally owned Mendham and White Bog, and privately
              miles of rivers and streams are ample evidence of its                   owned Ingersoll Rand and Middlesex Reservoirs. With the great
              abundance of water resources.                                           demand for water oriented recreational activities, New Jersey
                   Major rivers and streams are found throughout the State:           can ill afford the luxury of single purpose reservoirs.
              the Hackensack and Passaic Rivers in the northeast, the                 Consequently, efforts are now being mad     'e to open up more of
              Musconetcong and Paulins Kill in the northwest; the Raritan             the municipal reservoirs for recreation close to the urban area.
              River in the central region; the Manasquan and Mullica Rivers in        The City of Newark has made significant steps in this direction
              the coastal areas; and the Rancocas and Cohansey Rivers in              by opening the Pequannock Watershed for use by inner city
              the southwest. Many excellent fishing, boating and canoeing             residents with state aid providing transportation.
              opportunities are to be found on these and other rivers and                  Of the many outdoor recreational environments- sea-
              streams; and much is being done to improve their water quality          coasts, mountains, deserts and woodlands-the "Shore" has
              and environment, as well as their accessibility.                        an unusually strong appeal for New Jerseyans and out-of-state
                   The major lakes and ponds are concentrated in the                  visitors. An estimated 30 to 50 million people annually visit
              northwest and north central portions of the State, close to the         the "Jersey Shore" with its 127 miles of beautiful ocean
              major population centers. Many of the State's lakes and ponds           beaches between Sandy Hook and Cape May. Most of this
              which total almost 35,000 acres, are used for recreation. Most          magnificent ocean front is either privately or municipally
              are privately owned, some are administered by quasi-public              owned; exceptions are the two state beaches at Sandy Hook
              organizations and charities, and some are        publicly owned,        and Island Beach State Parks, and the two federal National
              either locally or by the State. Notable among    the state owned        Wildlife Refuges at Brigantine and Barnegat.

                                                                                                                                              0: 71M
                                                                 I TAN-

                                                                   #ir`7t,

                                                                                                                       . ........

              18
<pb n="27" />

                Forests -Although New Jersey is not often thought of in                     FOREST RESOURCES
                relation to its forests, 1,900,000 acres or 40% of the State is             AND PLANT LIFE                                S T W"s
                covered with woodlands, and 15% of this forested land is held
                by the State. The more significant state holdings are: (1) the
                enormous Wharton State Forest with more than 99,600 acres,
                (2) Lebanon State Forest with almost 27,000 acres, and                                                                                          r.
                (3) Stokes State Forest with nearly 15,000 acres (see map
                entitled "Forest Resources and Plant Life").
                      The trees of the State's forests fall into two major
                categories: the northern hardwoods and the southern pines.
                Among the hardwoods are found tulip poplar, the many varieties
                of oak and maple, birch, ash and hickory. The pines include the               WOODLAND REGIONS
                                                                                                                                      4&gt;
                Virginia pine, shortleaf pine and pitch pine.                               = Northern Hardwoods                   YJ
                      The more heavily forested areas are in the northwest                  m Southern Pines                                WILUM L. H1
                regions and south of the Raritan River in the coastal area; the               FOREST CONSERVATION AREAS                      WMOaRIAL #&amp;
                more urbanized central area contains the least forested land. In              State Forests and Reservations            J.                 %
                terms of recreation potential, forest areas are generally well                Major County Reservations               J®rp         4       &amp;
                distributed and are within a one and one-h    alf hours' drive of the                                              WGTO mostww
                                                                                              NOTEWORTHY BOTANICAL AREAS
                major population centers of the State.                                        Dedicated Natural Areas in
                      Providing the setting for camping, hiking, hunting, fishing,            State Parks and Forests
                and canoeing, there is little doubt as to the recreational value of         A Other State Park and Forest                           t
                our forests, and with the increasing popularity of these                      Areas of Botanical Interest
                activities, the need for more forest areas to be preserved is
                                                                                            N Other Noteworthy Botanical Areas
                evident. New Jersey has recognized this need and through its                                                                     A
                pioneering Green Acres Land Acquisition Program is continuing
                to add significantly to its protected forested lands.

                Plant Life-As a result of its geographic location in an area
                                                                                                                                                   N
                between the northern and southern environmental extremes,
                New Jersey has a wide range of plant life. There are many                                                                  X 64@;@
                                                                                                                                                -v
                interesting botanical areas throughout the State, containing
                specimens varying from the more common plant associations                                             w
                                                                                                                                                               a
                                                                                                                      V_
                to those that are not found anywhere else in the nation.
                      In the northern section of the State in moist, cool ravines,
                the hardy rhododendron flourishes. The central area contains a
                mixture of plant life as a result of the seeds of northern plants
                being carried down to their southern limits by flooding rivers
                and streams; here it is common to find sand dunes wooded with
                northern varieties amidst scenic plant life indigenous to the
<pb n="28" />

              southern area. In the Pine Lands are found distinctive plant life             Resources"). Both fishing and hunting are permitted on state
              forms such as pyxie moss, pine barrens gentian and heathers.                  fish and game lands and in all state forests; hunting is per-
              The southern area of the State abounds with orchids, mosses,                  mitted at only four state parks (Ringwood, Rancocas, Swarts-
              grasses and wildflowers.                                                      wood, and Wawayanda).
                    Many, of the botanical areas are protected by                                 There are three broad categories of wildlife habitats in
              governmental agencies and private organizations. Nature trails                New Jersey: woodlands (1,913,000 acres), farm lands
              have been developed in numerous areas and provide a myriad                    (990,000 acres), and wetlands (400,000 acres). Types of
              of nature recreation and educational experiences in all portions              wildlife range from cottontail rabbit to deer and include fox,
              of the State.                                                                 squirrel, raccoon, muskrat, beaver, grouse, pheasant, quail and
                                                                                            duck.
                                                                                                  The rugged northwest section of the State is comprised
                                                                                            mainly of farm land, and is a favorite area for small game and
                                                                                            deer. Major hunting areas are the Worthington Tract (5,800
                                                                                            acres), Stokes State Forest (14,800 acres), and Hamburg
                                                                                            Mountain (3,600 acres). Southern New Jersey's pine forest
                                                                                            section also offers small game and deer hunting, and there are
                                                                                            numerous state and private hunting facilities here-the 99,600
                                                                                            acre Wharton State Forest being the largest public area open to
                                                                                            hunters in New Jersey. Also, southern New Jersey's wetlands,
                                                                                            located along the famous Atlantic Flyway, are used by over 50
                                                                                            varieties of waterfowl, providing sport for both naturalists and
                                                                                            hunters. One of the most famous waterfowl, the Atlantic brant,
                                                                                            which breeds in northern Canada and on                 the coast of
                                                                                            Greenland, winters along the Atlantic coast,           chiefly in the
                                                       I-,' Ar
                                                                                            coastal strip extending from Little Egg Harbor to Cape May
                                                                                            Point.
                                                                                                  Many agencies are active in providing            for wildlife in
                                                                                            preserves, refuges and sanctuaries. The State, through the
                                                                                            Divisions of Fish, Game and Shellfisheries and Parks and
                                                                                            Forestry, has over 350,000 acres which are              preserved as
                                                                                            natural habitats for wildlife management and            are open for
                                                                                            nature study as well as hunting.
                                                                                                  The Federal Government owns wildlife refuges at four
                                                                                            locations in New Jersey. These include Brigantine National
                                                                                            Wildlife Refuge (119,@45 acres) in Atlantic County, Great Swamp
                                                                                            National Wildlife Refuge (5,500 acres) in Morris County,
              Wildlife and Fisheries- New Jersey has more than                460,000       Barnegat National Wildlife Refuge (652 acres) in Ocean County
              acreas of fish and wildlife lands, publicly and privately owned.              and Killcohook National Wildlife Refuge (635 acres) in Salem
              The majority are located in the northwestern and south-                       County. Refuges are closed to hunting with the exception of
              western portions of the State (see map entitled "Wildlife                     Killcohook and a portion of Brigantine.

              20
<pb n="29" />

                     Privately sponsored sanctuaries in New Jersey are                   WILDLIFE RESOURCES
                provided by the National and New Jersey Audubon Societies.                                                          C
                They presently maintain seven preserves with a total of about
                285 acres.
                     New Jersey is fortunate in its fishery resources. In addition
                to the coastline with its 390,000 acres of estuarine waters,
                there are 6,400 miles of rivers and streams, and 50,000 acres
                of lakes, ponds and reservoirs. These fresh and salt waters

                yield an endless variety of fish, including striped bass, bluefish,
                pickerel, walleyed pike, perch and trout, and a full spectrum of

                shellfish.
                     Saltwater fishing, for which New Jersey is famous, is

              enjoyed all year round and runs the gamut from deep sea and

                bay to surf and jetty fishing.

                     The more than 100 rivers and streams (including 1,400

                miles of stocked trout streams) and 900 plus lakes and ponds              STATE PRESERVES
                offer the freshwater fishing enthusiast endless opportunities             STATE GAME FARMS
                (see map entitled "Fishery Resources").                                   SANCTUARIES AND REFUGES
                     Winter provides the setting for the increasingly popular
                                                                                          SEMI-WILD PRESERVES
                sport of ice fishing, usually beginning about the first of January
                and running to about the middle of February.                              COMMERICAL PRESERVES
<pb n="30" />

                 FISHERY RESOURCES                                                                       Cultural and
                                                                                                         Historical Resources

                                                                      IT                                       When the subject of cultural attractions is discussed, it is
                 ED STATE FISH HATCHERY                      W                                           usually in terms of New York City or Philadelphia; unfortunately,
                                                                                                         we seldom consider the opportunities closer by. While unable to
                 - STREAMS STOCKED ANNUALLY
                    WITH 5000 OR MORE                                                                    match the sheer quantity of its neighbors, New Jersey has many
                    ADULT TROUT
                                                                                                         excellent facilities to further interests in music, history, theatre,
                 -  STREAMS STOCKED  ANNUALLY
                                                                                                         and the arts: the Newark Museum, which ranks with the finest
                    WITH 5000 OR MORE ADULT
                    TROUT WARM WATER                                                                     in the country; Symphony Hall in Newark, home of the New
                    FISHING ALSO                                                                         Jersey Symphony Orchestra; the New Jersey Historical Society

                    LAKES STOCKED ANNUALLY
                                                                                                         Library with its more than 30,000 volumes on the State's his-
                                                         Y
                    WITH 5000 OR MORE ADULT                                                              tory; the New Jersey Museum in Trenton; and the Garden State
                    TROUT - WARM WATER FISHING ALSO                               &gt;
                                                                                                         Performing Arts Center at Telegraph Hill in Monmouth County
                 ------ STREAMS STOCKED ANNUALLY WITH                                                    with its range of entertainment from the best of Broadway, to
                    2500-5000 ADULT TROUT
                                                                                                         music, modern dance and the ballet. New Jersey offers a full
                 ...... STREAMS STOCKED ANNUALLY W
                                                 ITH                                  ----- -1!          calendar of year-round entertainment including summer
                    2500-5000 ADULT TROUT - WARM WATER
                    FISHING ALSO                                                                         theatre, beauty pageants, state fairs, antique shows, ice ca-
                                                                                                         pades, automobile and boat racing, harness and thorough-
                    LAKES STOCKED ANNUALLY WITH
                                                                                                         bred racing.
                    2500-5000 ADULT TROUT - WARM
                    WATER FISHING ALSO                                                                         History was made in New Jersey and, fortunately, many of
                 --MAJOR WARM WATER                                                                      the   significant sites and structures associated with these
                    FISHING - WATERWAY                      __4                                          hi storic events have been preserved through the efforts of
                                                                              IV
                 M MAJOR WARM ATER                                                                       interested individuals and various historical societies and state
                                 WS
                    FISHING - LAKE
                                                                              7- ------                  and   federal action; the past is very much a part of the present.
                                                                                I'V,                     Left  behind during our State's development are remnants of our
                                         ly
                                                                                                         cultural, social, agricultural, and early industrial past. New
                                                               V&lt;,
                                                                                                         Jersey has a rich heritage established on native, Dutch,
                                                      J
                                                                                                         Swedish, and English backgrounds. It played a vital role in the
                                                    --- ----                                             American struggle for independence and developed through
                                            F                                                            the nineteenth century by accepting immigrants of many
                                                                                                         nationalities. New Jersey began by being an agricultural state,
                                                                                                         expanded on invention and industry as a part of a young
                                                                                                         republic, and became by the twentieth century a highly urban-
                                                                                                         ized state. The rapid and seemingly unceasing urbanization of
                                                                                                         New Jersey bears directly on the need for historic preservation.
                                                                                                               From Old Tappan to Camden, New jersey is dotted with
                                                                                                         places that echo the cry of freedom and make it "The Pathway

                 22
<pb n="31" />

                of the Revolution." At McKonkey Ferry, a bitter Christmas Eve            geographical center of the megalopolis stretching from Boston
                saw General Washington cross the Delaware River to lead his              to Washington, has resulted in New Jersey's designation as the
                raid on the Hessians at Trenton. But history is not confined to          "Corridor State" (see map entitled "The Region"). The north-
                the events of our Colonial past, witness the historic meeting at         south orientations of the Turnpike and Interstate 295 aftest to
                Hollybush in Glassboro between President Lyndon Johnson and              New Jersey's role as a major East Coast travel corridor.
                Soviet Premier Alexei Kosygin.                                                The influence of the great urban centers of New York City
                     There are a number of state owned historical sites                  and Philadelphia has caused the interstate travel between New
                administered by the Department of Environmental Protection               Jersey and. Pennsylvania to be ranked highest in the nation
                which, through its Historic Sites Section, has set out to make           while the movement between New Jersey and New York State
                sure that evidence of this history-from buildings to                     is second highest. The largest single movement- commuter
                battlefields-is preserved for present and future generations.            travel between New Jersey and Manhattan -'amounts to
                Among these are a President's birthplace, two houses used by             480,000 person-trips daily of which slightly less than 50% use
                General Washington as headquarters during the Revolutionary              some form of public transit (rail or bus). In southern New
                War, a poet's house, a monument commemorating a battle of
                the Revolution, and the ruins of early Colonial iron furnaces.           Jersey, the Lindenwold High Speed Line has been constructed
                The New Jersey Register of Historic Places together with the             to ease commutation between cent@al Philadelphia and the
                National Register of Historic Places, by providing protection            Camden area; the recent decision to use buses as feeders to
                against encroachment by any governmental projects, are                   the rail system should further increase usage of 'the line.
                important adjuncts to the State's preservation program. Sixty-                Recreation travel to New Jersey's coastal resorts is
                two of the sixty-seven State Register components have been               expedited by two expressways and a network of state, county,
                placed on the National Register.                                         and lo 'cal highways. In general, the northern sector of the
                     All of these cultural and historic resources must be viewed         Garden State Parkway serves as a link between the New York
                in light of the upcoming Bicentennial of the nation's founding.          City area and the shore region, while its southern section serves
                New Jersey should plan for this celebration by putting its               as a connector between New Jersey's ocean resorts. In
                cultural and historic sites in first-rate condition. Completion of       addition to the Garden State Parkway, the only other existing
                the 'New Jersey Register of Historic Places, together with               shore access expressway is the Atlantic Ci  Ity Expressway which
                provisibris for interpretative facilities, will aid        in the        puts Philadelphia a forty-five minute drive from the boardwalk in
                development of the State's participation in the 1976                     Atlantic City and from county and local roads leading to other
                observance. The nation's two-hundredth anniversary offers a              Jersey ocean resorts. At present, the county road system
                definite opportunity for New Jersey to show millions of visitors,        provides the most significant access from Trenton and.central
                as well as its own citizens, the depth and breadth of its cultural       New Jersey to the coastal resort areas. In contrast, the
                and historic heritage.                                                   Philadelphia-Camden and Newark areas have shore access
                                                                                         ranging from the aforementioned expressways to federal, state,
                                                                                         county and local highways; however, these routes are not free
                                                                                         of time consuming lights and local traffic congestion, e.g.,
                Transportation                                                           Route 30 which serves as a major cross-state artery between
                                                                                         the Camden area and Atlantic City, and Route 9 which is an
                     New Jersey's expressways are key links in the highway               important link between Newark and the southern resort areas
                system of the Northeast; the considerable interstate movement            are both laced with traffic lights, not to mention traffic jams,
                through New Jersey, attributable in part to her location in the          during the peak summer months.

                                                                                                                                                         23
<pb n="32" />

                   Highway access from the major urban centers to other                 THE REGION
              sections of the State with significant natural recreation
              resources-the mountainous Northwest Region and the
              Delaware Bay Region-is limited, inhibiting optimum use. At
              present, recreationists seeking the pleasures available in the
              Northwest must use, with the exception of Interstate 78,                                                                                 AIN E
              predominantly single lane state, county and municipal roads.                                                                              0
              The same is also true for the Delaware Bay Region.                                                                      RtA 0 mT
                   Recreation oriented mass transit takes the form of bus                                                                    NEW
              transportation which not only provides access to recreation                                                                   A PSVJ I RI
              areas within the urban areas but also ties the urban areas of
              New York, Pennsylvania and New Jersey with the coastal resort
                                                                                                                     0
              areas. While the majority of railroad service is of the commuter
                                                                                                                     NEW YORK
                                                                                                                                      MAS
              home-to-work type, passenger railroad service from Newark
              and Elizabeth southward to Point Pleasant Beach is provided,
              as is service from the Camden area to Atlantic City, Ocean City                                                             IS IU T
              and Cape May.
                   Flying and boating are modes of transportation as well as                                                                     6
              popular recreation activities. New Jersey's 84 public use
              airports  are   distributed throughout the       State,    providing                    PENNSYLVANIA
              convenient access to nearly all its major recreation attractions
              including those in the Northwest and Delaware Bay regions.                   00
              The Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway, which begins in Florida and
              extends along the Atlantic coastline, terminates at the
                                                                                                       MARYL NO
              Manasquan Inlet in Monmouth County. Annually, thousands of
              boaters use this route to reach the State's shore resorts.                                                                THE REGION
                   Planned transportation improvements will measurably                         J                           E
                                                                                                                       DEL
              increase automobile access to many of the areas of the State                                            E
              now lacking adequate access. Interstates 80 and 287 should                                                             URBAN AREA POPULATION
              ease the accessibility problem in the Northwest while Interstate                 VIRGINIA                                       (SMSA.)
              195 should facilitiate access from the Trenton area to the                                                                                 11,000,000
              Atlantic coast resorts. The Governor Driscoll Expressway will                                           0                                  7.500,000
              provide a transportation corridor from southern and central                                                                                5,000,000
              New Jersey connecting Dover Township in Ocean County with                    0     0 lot,                                                  2,000.000
                                                                                                                                                         500,000
              the Turnpike in the vicinity of South Brunswick and should                                                                                 200,000
                                                                                                   -                                                     100,000
              reduce the traffic load on the existing local roads.                                                                                       50,000
                   New Jersey's major highway system is shown in
              relationship to major public recreation areas on Appendix Q
              map entitled, "Major Public Open Space and Recreation Areas
              in New Jersey."

              24
<pb n="33" />

               New Jersey Study Regions                                               NEW JERSEY RECREATION
                                                                                      STUDY REGIONS
                    To facilitate recreation demand and supply analysis and to
               obtain a more meaningful reflection of the recreation needs
               throughout New Jersey, the State was divided into eight study                                                       NORTH CENTRAL
               regions delineated by the state planning agency for other state
               planning purposes. These regions, formed on the basis of either               NORTHWEST            ......
               socio-economic and/or physiographic similarities, adhere to
               official county lines except in three instances where they follow
               municipal lines (see map entitled "New Jersey Recreation
               Study Regions").
                                                                                                                               E 2 a E K 'J" NORTHEAST

                    THE NORTHWEST REGION (Hunterdon, Sussex                                                                   uN IoN
                    and Warren Counties)                                                                   ..NT.R...
                    The Northwest Region is physically dominated by the
               Appalachian Ridge and Valley. It is basically a rural farm area
               with the second lowest population of the various regions. The                                             MIDDLE3EX
               State operates a number of recreation areas in the region                              CENTRAL      MERCER
               among which are High Point State Park, Stokes State Forest,                            CORRIDOR               MONMOUTH
               and Spruce Run and Round Valley reservoirs. This mountainous
               region with its many scenic vistas and abundant lakes attracts
               large numbers of summer visitors. The future opening of the                   SOUTHWEST                        OCEAN    NORTH SHORE
               Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area is expected to
               spur development and economic growth in this region.                                              8URLINGTON

                                                                                                            CAM...

                    THE NORTH CENTRAL REGION (Morris County and
                    the northern section of Passaic County)
                    The North Central Region is characterized by rough terrain                                    ATLANTIC
               and sparce settlement in its northern sector. The southern
               portion, however, is experiencing rapid population growth.                                                     SOUTH SHORE
               Between 1960 and 1970, Morris County's population increased                DELAWARE
               by 46.6%, the third highest rate in the State. Many of north                  BAY               CAPE
                                                                                                                                        ,)@IN
                                                                                                                                          N1

               Jersey's public watersheds and reservoirs are located in this
               region. There are a sizable number of state operated recreation
               areas -in the region including Ringwood State Park and Norvin
               Green State Forest.

                                                                                                                                                    25
<pb n="34" />

                                                                                             THE CENTRAL CORRIDOR REGION (Mercer,
                                                                                             Middlesex and Somerset Counties)
                                                                                             The Central Corridor Region serves mainly as a connecting
                                                                                        link between New York City and Philadelphia. The New Jersey
                                                                                        Turnpike, the Garden State Parkway, U.S. Routes 1, 9, 22 and
                                                                                        130, and Interstate Routes 287 and 95 all pass through this
              W1
                                                                                        region. Because of convenient transportation and proximity
                                                                                        to one of the major urban centers, many areas in this region
                                                                                        are experiencing suburban growth. During the period between
                                                                                        1960 and 1970, the population growth rates for all three of the
                                                                                        counties comprising the region exceeded the state growth
                                                                                        rate. There are relatively few state recreation areas in this
                                                                                        region.

                                                                                             THE NORTH SHORE REGION (Monmouth County and
                                                                                             northern section of Ocean County)
                                                                                             The North Shore Region has the longest developed
                                                                                        shoreline for recreation in New Jersey; the region thrives as a
                                                                                        recreational resort. This region between 1960 and 1970
                                                                                        experienced the highest relative population gain of any region in
                                                                                        the State as a result of the suburban growth expanding outward
                                                                                        from the New York metropolitan area. The only state managed
                                                                                        recreation areas which front the ocean, Sandy Hook State Park,
                                                                                        Island Beach State Park, and Barnegat Lighthouse State Park,
                                                                                        are located in this region.
         Barnegat Light

                   THE NORTHEAST REGION (Bergen, Essex, Hudson                               THE SOUTHWEST REGION (Camden and Gloucester
                   and Union Counties and southern section of                                Counties and western section of Burlington County)
                   Passaic County)                                                           The Southwest Region is experiencing rapid
                   The Northeast Region is the most densely       populated and         suburbanization related to an outward growth from
              most urbanized region in New Jersey. At present nearly 50% of             Philadelphia. Most of the region's population is concentrated
              the State's population resides in the Northeast Region. Because           along the Delaware River. Approximately half of the region's
              of its crowded condition, this region experienced the lowest              total land area is included in the vast undeveloped area known
              relative gain in population in the State between 1960 and 1970.           as the Pine Barrens. In an effort to preserve this semi-
              In fact, one county (Hudson) lost population during this period.          wilderness area, the State has acquired extensive tracts of land
              Due to the scarcity of undeveloped land, there are few state              in the eastern portion of this region, including parts of Wharton
              recreation areas in this region.                                          and Lebanon State forests.

              26
<pb n="35" />

                    THE SOUTH SHORE REGION (Atlantic and Cape May                            THE DELAWARE DAY REGION (Cumberland and
                    Counties, eastern section of Burlington County and                       Salem Counties)
                    southern section of Ocean County)                                        The Delaware Bay Region, which has the lowest
                    The South Shore Region is physically composed of a                  population in New Jersey, is experiencing only moderate
              coastal terrain and marsh area and an extensive pine barren               increases. The entire southern boundary of the region, fronting
              region inland. The economy of the region is tourist oriented              on the Delaware Bay, consists of marshes and wetlands which
              centered along the coastline, with very little industrial activity.       play an important role in the region's fishing industry and which
              The population is experiencing only a moderate growth. State              act as natural barriers to waterfront development. The State has
              holdings in the region include extensive marshland areas and              acquired extensive tracts of wetlands along the coastal zone of
              vast tracts of land in the Pine Barrens.                                  this region.

                                                                                                                   . ..... . .. .

                           AL

                             VN4

                                                                                                                                                     At

                                                WSW",                       . . . ..... ....

                                                                                                                                         A,

                                                                       @F-

                                                                                                                                                          27
<pb n="36" />

                                          OUTDOOR RECREATION
                                                                                                    DEMAND

              Outdoor Reereation Demand                                                odology discussed briefly in the following section. Twelve of
                                                                                       these activities with determinable facility capacities -swim-
              Determination                                                            ming, boating, fishing, camping, hiking, bicycling, horseback
                                                                                       riding, hunting, picnicking, ice skating, snow skiing and playing
                    Population growth, rising  family incomes and increasing           outdoor games-will be analyzed further in succeeding chap-
              leisure time are among the factors contributing to the rapidly           ters in relation to supply. The available supply data for the other
              increasing demand for outdoor recreation in New Jersey. This             activities such as driving for pleasure and sightseeing were
              demand generated by the residents of New Jersey and neigh-               either nonexistent or not readily convertible to quantitative
              boring states in many instances has surpassed the capacity o             terms and therefore precluded detailed analysis of these
              the existing supply of outdoor recreation facilities for many            activities.
              activities and has resulted in the reduction of the quality of the       Saxton Falls
              individual experience. Long waiting lines at ski slopes, golf
              courses and tennis centers, and overcrowded beaches and
                                                                                                            4C
              swimming pools attest to the growing problem of providing
              adequate outdoor recreation facilities.
                    In order to efficiently plan for  the provision of outdoor
              recreation facilities to meet future needs, realistic measure-
              ments of demand must be made. The demand data should be
              expressed in quantitative terms so as to permit the ranking of            4L
              activities according to popularity and the comparison of
              demand for activities with determinable facility capacities to                                                                            V
              supply and the recognition of deficits or surpluses in facility
              supply. Such factors as population growth and changing socio-
                                                                                                                                        IA,
              economic characteristics which influence the demand for out-
              door recreation must be identified and incorporated in the
                                                                                                           PVT
              determination of demand.                                                                             A
                   The demand in New Jersey for twenty-three outdoor
              recreation activities has been determined by using the meth-

              28
<pb n="37" />

                                                                                                                         4#4

                                                                                                     )R

                                                        0

                                                                                                                    -1 71

                    BASIC   CONCEPTS      OF OUTDOOR RECREATION                           number of   innovative  techniques   and concepts. The following
                    DEMAND DERIVATION                                                     are the more important innovations introduced:
                    In 1960-61, the Outdoor Recreation Resources             Review            -The concept of New Jersey with its 21 counties and
               Commission (ORRRC) conducted a nationwide survey             of out-       567 communities as comprised of 8 recreation study regions
               door recreation in order to determine specific recreation de-              formed on the basis of socio-economic and/or physiographic
               mand preferences and the interrelationships of various socio-              similarities.
               economic factors upon such information. In computing the                        -The related concept of New Jersey and its Recreational
               participation rates for each activity, the effects of socio-               Sphere of Influence (RSI), consisting of 19 counties in the
               economic factors such as age, income, place of residence, and              neighboring states of New York, Pennsylvania, Delaware and
               occupation were considered.                                                Maryland divided into eleven zones with defined ranges of
                    The results of the ORRRC study were the primary source                recreation travel extending into New Jersey. (Refer to map
               of information used in analyzing New Jersey's socio-economic               entitled "Megalopolis, Recreational Sphere of Influence, and
               factors relative to outdoor recreation demand. A workable                  New Jersey.")
               methodology was developed applying the ORRRC activity rates
               to New Jersey's population data. Through a series of proce-                     -The determination of the relationships of activity days to
               dures the total number of persons who wish to recreate for                 recreation days; on the average, two activity days comprise one
               each activity on a typical weekend day in the peak season for              recreation day (one person participating in one activity for an
               the years 1970, 1985 and 2000 in New Jersey was established.               entire day).
                    The methodology employed to convert ORRRC activity                         -The relationship between peak season weekend day
               rates to peak season weekend day demand incorporated a                     and total peak season demand: 2%, with the exception of ice

                                                                                                                                                             29
<pb n="38" />

MEGALOPOLIS, RECREATIONAL
SPHERE OF INFLUENCE,
AND NEW JERSEY

																RECREATIONAL SPHERE
																OF INFLUENCE

																MEGALOPOLIS
skating, based on atetendance at state parks and forests and
other public facilities.
	The allocation of ice skating demand to the two types of
facilities, natural areas and aritficial (refrigerated) areas
based upon the frequency of extended periods of subfreezing
temperatures recorede over the past ten years by the U.S.
Weather Bureau for each region.
	The differentiation between "home" and "away"
demand, and how it is determined and distrubuted.
	Home-occurs within one's own region of residence
	-function of the population of the region.
	Away-involves an interregional or intersate trip
	-a function of the relative arrractiveness of New
	Jersey zonal facilities when compared with the
	entire area with the RSI. Attractiveness is based
	on the ratio of vacation homes in New Jersey zone
	to total in the RSI.

30
<pb n="39" />

                            -a function of the relative attractiveness of the                      POPULATION GROWTH
                               region's facilities when compared with other New                    The population of the United States has steadily increased
                               Jersey regions' attractiveness is based on the ratio           from less than 4 million people in 1790 to over 203 million in
                               of attendance at public facilities in the region to            1970. Between 1960 and 1970 the nation's population grew by
                               total attendance throughout the State.                         13.3% over the previous decade. During the same period, New
                      The derivation of demand in terms of an average weekend                 Jersey's growth rate was 18.2%, 5% over the national rate,
                day rather than seasonal totals permits the relating of demand                and the population of New Jersey's RSI increased by only 5%.
                data to the development of specific recreation facilities which               Population growth rates are expected to decline in the
                are built on the basis of accommodating a maximum number of                   future primarily due to the drop in birth rates already evident.
                persons daily. By indicating the relative demand figures of each              By the year 2000, the U.S. Census Bureau estimates that the
                recreation activity for each of New Jersey's eight study regions,             U.S. population will reach 322 million, an increase of 5iO/o over
                the methodology gives an overall statewide basis for planning                 the 1970 population. New Jersey has been growing faster than
                outdoor recreation facilities. This approach allows for the                   the nation as a whole, but this trend is not expected to continue.
                development of recreation areas related to a statewide frame-                 By the year 2000 New Jersey's total population is projected to
                work and a rationally determined set of guidelines. (For a                    reach more than 10 million people (see Table 1), an increase of
                complete discussion of the methodology used in the demand                     40% over the 1970 population. An even lower growth rate
                derivation refer to Appendix B.)                                              (35%) is projected for New Jersey's RSI. This area is fore-
                                                                                              casted to reach 19 million by the year 2000 (see Table 2).
                                                                                                   The population projections used to determine recreation
                                                                                              demand in 1985 and 2000 for New Jersey and its RSI were
                                                                                              drawn from several sources. Each of the states involved had
                                                                                              determined its projected population and these figures were
                                                                                              used although assumptions made and methodologies followed
                                                                                              differed from one state to another. These projections, it was
                                                                              oil=            decided, could serve as a basis for demand projections in the
                                                                                              present plan.

                                                                                                   SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS AND
                                                                                                   RECREATION PARTICIPATION

                                                                                                   Age
                                                                                                   ORRRC Study Report #20 states that             of all the factors
                                                                                              analyzed age has by far the strongest relation to outdoor recre-
                                                                                              ation." For most of the major outdoor activities, the age-to-
                                                                                              participation relationship is a regressive one, with each group
                                                                                              participating less than the next younger age group. This decline
                                                                                              is especially noticeable in the more active pursuits such as
                                                                                              bicycling, hiking, horseback riding, water skiing, and swimming

                                                                                                                                                                  31
<pb n="40" />

                       TABLE 1: NEW JERSEY                                                                                                                                           TABLE 2: RECREATION SPHERE
                                         POPULATION FORECASTS                                                                                                                                             OF INFLUENCE
                                                                                                                                                                                                          POPULATION FORECASTS
                                                                                                                                                                                                          BY STATE AND COUNTY

                                 Region               1970              1985            2000                     Region                 1970             1985             2000                                     1970
                                                     (census)                                                                           (census)                                        State/County              (Census)        1985          2000

                       Northwest                                                                        North Shore                                                                     Delaware
                           Hunterdon                  69,718            83,463          99,827              Monmouth                    459,379         590,835          739,286             New Castle           385,856       496,154       615,518
                           Sussex                     77,528            94,449          117,908             Ocean (Part of)             192,084         262,184          334,962
                           Warren                     73,879            82,589          93,874                    Totals                651,463         853,019         1,()74,248      Maryland
                                 Totals              221,125          260,501           311,609                                                                                              Cecil                 53,291         67,600        86,000

                                                                                                                                                                                        New York
                                                                                                        Southwest                                                                            Bronx              1,472,216     1,608,150     1,652,985
                       North Central                                                                        Burlington (Part of)        321,969         433,392          556,116             Kings              2,601,852     2,649,057     2,583,033
                           Morris                    383,454          491,371           620,545             Camden                      456,291         553,208          654,747             New York           1,524,541     1,450,162     1,368,485
                           Passaic (Part of)          37,093            46,409          57,057              Gloucester                  172,681         220,187          272,233             Orange               220,558       459,018       717,767
                                 Totals              420,547          537,780           677,602                   Totals                950,941        1,206,787        1,483,096            Queens             1,973,708     2,233.128     2,332,129
                                                                                                                                                                                             Richmond             295,443       433,967       602,168
                                                                                                                                                                                             Rockland             229,903       354,250       518,182
                                                                                                                                                                                             Westchester          891,409     1,241,815     1,534,334
                       Northeast                                                                        South Shore                                                                                Totals       9,209,630     10,429,547    11,309,083
                           Bergen                    898,012        1,127,701       1,340,514               Atlantic                    175.043         196,469          220,817
                           Essex                     929,986          985,540       1,028,961               Burlington (Part of)          1,163            1,588            1,897       Pennsylvania
                           Hudson                    609,266          620,350           636,400             Ocean (Part of)             16,386           24,325           34,101             Bucks                415,056       635,663       973,518
                           Passaic (Part of)         423,689          499,574           576,911             Cape May                    59,554           71,916           86,390             Chester              278,311       399,734       574,098
                           Union                     543,116          664,096           774,901                  Totals                 252,146         294,298          343,205             Delaware             600,035       749,648       936,535
                                 Totals             3,404,069       3,897.261       4,357,687                                                                                                Leheigh              255,304       320,718       402,886
                                                                                                                                                                                             Monroe                45,422         60,694        81,099
                                                                                                        Delaware Bay                                                                         Montgomery           623,799       870,200     1,213,929
                                                                                                                                                                                             North Hampton        214,368       242,830       275,054
                       Central Corridor                                                                     Cumberland                  121,374         143,251          166 098             Philadelphia       1,948,609     2,221,194     2,531,717
                           Mercer                    303,968          351,675           403,337             Salem                       60,346           69,355           77:304             Pike                  11,818         13,260        14,878
                           Middlesex                 583,813          730,166           892,499                  Totals                 181,720         212,606          243,402                   Totals       4,392,722     5,513,941     7,003,714
                           Somerset                  198,372          252.407           314,315
                                 Totals             1,086.153       1,334,248       1,610,151           New Jersey                   7,168,164        8,596,500       10,101,000        Total RSI              14,041,499     16,507,242    19,014,315

                       Source: Office of Business Economics - Division of Planning and          Research, New Jersey Department of Labor and Industry                               Sources: Delaware State Planning      Office, New York Office of
                                                                                                                                                                                               Planning Coordination, Maryland State Planning
                                                                                                                                                                                               Department, and Pennsylvania State Planning Board.

                       (see graph entitled "Relationship of Age to                               Recreation Partici-                               Older people in the next generation may engage in more
                       pation"). In regard to driving for pleasure,                              fishing, picnicking,                      active pursuits than in the past. ORRRC has stated that:
                       and sightseeing, people tend to remain fairly active until they
                       reach the 45-64 age category; after that point, a sharp decline                                                             The older people of today differ from the older people
                       occurs in participation.                                                                                                    of tomorrow regarding experience with outdoor
                                 Walking for pleasure appears to be the most popular out-                                                          recreation in their youth. In the present older genera-
                       door activity of the 65-and-over age'group, and, in fact, it in-                                                            tion there are many people who never learned to
                       creases with age above 44 years. Nature walks, closely related,                                                             swim or fish, and who never went camping in their
                       increase in the Middle years also but tend to level off after age                                                           youth. Such activities are seldom started in middle
                       64.                                                                                                                         age. It is quite likely that the generation which will be

                       32
<pb n="41" />

               RELATIONSHIP OF AGE TO RECREATION PARTICIPATION                          pation", a trend can clearly be observed in the occupational
                10                                                                      status structure: as one moves from the professional category
                                        2-       P.C..CKI.G                             to farm workers, we find that professional people enjoy the
                                                                                        most recreation, farm workers the -least. Further, it can be seen
                                       6                       5                        that each step up the occupational ladder results in a related
                                                                                        increase in participation with the exception of the managers,
                                                                0
                                                                                        officials and proprietors category. This group is somewhat out
                                        2-                             ATE"  0
                                                  FISHING                               of step with the overall graduation because of its paradoxical
                                                               0
                                                                                        high status and low participation relationship.

                          SWIMMING                             3.,
                                                S.GHTSIEEI.G    3-  WALK                    Educational Achievement
                                                                                            As shown in the graph entitled "Educational Achievement
                                                                                        and Recreation Participation", education has a strong impact
                                                                                        on recreation participation. The more education adults have,
                12-17 18-24 2544 45@ 65-801e, 12-17 li-24 25@ 45-64 65&amp; Over 12-171&amp;24 2544 45-@ 65 &amp; 0-1
               Soume: O.A.R.R.C. Study Reeert 19                                        the more active they are likely to be. This relationship of educa-
                                                                                        tion to recreation may, in part, reflect age and income dif-
                                                                                        ferences. Generally, people with the least amount of education
                    55 and over in 25 years was more actively engaged                   tend to be those of the older generations who, as we have
                    in outdoor recreation earlier in life, and one may                  mentioned previously, participate very little in most outdoor
                    suppose that many of these people will continue to                  activities. Those persons of lower education also make up a
                    some extent to engage in these activities as they                   high percentage of the lower income groups which rank low in
                    grow older.

                    In a study conducted by the University of Michigan for the
               ORRRC, survey data indicated that once an individual acquired
               experience with an activity, he was much more likely to con-
               tinue participating in this activity as he grew older than people
               who never engaged in this activity in their youth. Further
               evidence indicated that to an increasing extent young people
               are acquiring experience and skills in outdoor activities which
               their parents do not possess. Thus, one may conclude that the
               spread of experience with outdoor recreation activities amon@
               young people will mean that interest in these activities will
                                                                                                                   A
               continue or will even grow in the years to come.

                    Occupational Distribution
                    One's occupation appears to have considerable influence
               on, and is clearly related to, outdoor activity. Referring to the
               graph entitled "Occupational   Category and Recreation Partici-          t

                                                                                                                                                        33
<pb n="42" />

                                  OCCUPATIONAL CATEGORY                                                                                         EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT                                                                                   FAMILY INCOME
                                  AND RECREATION PARTICIPATION                                                                                  AND RECREATION PARTICIPATION                                                                              AND RECREATION PARTICIPATION

                                  LABOR FORCE                                                                                                   PERSONS 25 YEARS                                                                                          JUNE-AUGUST, 1960
                                  JUNE-AUGUST, 1980                                                                                             AND OVER
                                      Profes ional
                                      T chnical and                                                                                             JUNE-AUGUST, 1960
                                      Kindred Workers                                                                                                 4 Years                                                                                                     15.000 and over
                                      Managers, Officials                                                                                             or Less
                                      and Proprietors                                                                                                 5-7 Years                                                                                                   10,000-14,999
                                      Except Farm
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        63
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        X
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        &lt;

                                                                                                                                                      8 Years                                                                                                     8,000-9,999
                                  v,  Clerical and                                                                                                                                                                                                      0
                                  W
                                      Sales Workers                                                                                             z
                                                                                                                                                0
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        0

                                  &lt;   Craftsmen,
                                                                                                                                                a     High S hool                                                                                                 6,000-7,999
                                      Foremen and                                                                                               W     1-3 Years
                                      Kindred Workers
                                  0
                                  9-  Operatives,                                                                                                     High   School                                                                                     z         4,500-5,999
                                  0
                                  0   Laborers, and                                                                                                   4 Years                                                                                           z
                                  00  Kindred Workers

                                                                                                                                                      College                                                                                                     3.000-4.499
                                      Seryi ce Workers                                                                                                1-3 Y  aars
                                      Includ,ng Private
                                                                                                                                                        olle,e                                                                                                      nder 3.000
                                      Farm Workers*                                                                                                   Crim   Plated
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        10               20                 30                40
                                                            0                                   10                                20                                                                                                                                                                    RECREATION DAYS PER PERSON
                                  'Northeast ornmilled bec.as.                RECREATION DAYS PER PERSON
                                  Of insufficient s.mple sue                                                                                                           0                  5                10                is               20
                                                                                                                                                                                          RECREATION DAYS PER PERSON

                                                                                                                                                             n,lihi @t.as          N.Theaxt                                Saul- O.R.R.R.C.

                                  recreation participation. Yet, it can be said that education has                                                                                                     as shown in the graph entitled "Family Income and Recreation
                                  a definite bearing on outdoor recreation participation even after                                                                                                    Participation". The sharpest difference occurs between those
                                  the influence of these other factors is taken into account.                                                                                                          with incomes under $3,000 and the next higher income bracket.
                                                                                                                                                                                                       Thereafter, participation steadily increases with each succeed-
                                            Family Income                                                                                                                                              ing family income level.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                   It is, as yet, not entirely clear as to whether this relation-
                                             Income in relation to outdoor recreation patterns is of                                                                                                   ship is primarily a reflection of the influence of money per se or
                                  interest because of its decid                                           'ed influence on the degree of                                                               whether, on the other hand, it is a class-related occurrence.
                                  participation in specific activities. Furthermore, the high prob-                                                                                                    There are indications that some of the differences between
                                  ability of substantial income increases in the future will have                                                                                                      income groups can be ascribed to two other socio-economic
                                  an impact on recreation participation in the years to come,                                                                                                          characteristics related to income, i.e., occupation and educa-
                                  especially in such activities as skiing or boating which require                                                                                                     tion. In addition, the.very low recreation participation by the
                                  special training or expensive equipment.                                                                                                                             $3,000-and-under income group can be accounted for in part
                                            Generally, participation tends to rise as income increases                                                                                                 by the relatively high proportion of older people in this group.

                                  34
<pb n="43" />

                       Leisure                                                                             Since 1850, the average work week has decreased from
                                                                                                     69.8 to 39.7 hours in 1960 a
                       Leisure Is defined as "the time one has free from his in-                                                        pd the downward trend sfill con-
                 come-earning responsibilIties and from personal and family                          tinues. It would appear that the average American worker now
                 housekeeping activities, such as eating, sleeping, kee ing                          enjoys 30 more hours of free time each week than did his great-
                                                                                         p           great-grandfather. ORRRC has predicted that by the year
                 house, personal grooming, shopping, and similar activities that                     2000 the work week may be down to 32 hours. Nevertheless, in
                 are necessary for day-to-day existence."'. It has also been                         attempting'to measure leisure time it is necessary to measure
                 defined as attivity (or inactivity) undertaken because one                          not only the actual time spent at work but also such things as
                 wants to do it.                                                                     travel time to and from work, overtime, moonlighting, time
                       Americans with high incomes have for some time been                           spent on household chores, and do-it-yourself projects. The
                 able to enjoy considerable periods of leisure time and to utilize                   increase in all of these factors has for many people more than
                 this time for travel and other forms of recreation. Certain trends                  offset the amount of additional le1su're time available.
                 appear to be increasing the amount of leisure time available to                          Work patterns are affected by changes occurring in week-
                 the average American: shorter work weeks, more three-day                                                                        I
                 holiday weekends, longer vacations and earlier retirement.                          end,  holiday and vacation time. The nation as a whole in 1971
                                                                                                     adopted a system of five three-day holiday weekends that now
                   Raleigh Barlowe and Milton H. Steinmueller, "Trends in Outdoor Recrea-            include Memorial Day, Labor Day, Columbus Day, Veterans
                   tion. Yearbook of Agriculture 1963, p. 299.                                       Day and Washington's Birthday. Other holidays may be added
                                                                                                     to this list at a later date. The impact of this change 'will be to
                                                                                                     draw,larger numbers of people to recreation areas farther from
                                                                                                     home than would normally occur on two-day weekends.
                                                                                                           Another similar but even more important trend is toward
                                                                                                     the four-day, forty-hour (4-40) work week. By 1971 an esti-
                                                                                                     mated 700 American companies were giving employees three
                                                                                                     out of every seven days to themselves, and it is estimated that
                                                                                                     by early 1972 at least 2,000 companies will be comtemplating
                                                                                                     such a shift. The nation's largest employer, the Federal Govern-
                                                                                                     ment, will run a four-day work week experiment for Social
                                                                                                     Security workers at the Agency's Baltimore headquarters as
                                                                                                     soon       Congress passes enabling legislation. Municipal em-
                                                                                                            as
                                                                                                     ployees in Long Beach and Atlanta have also made the switch.
                                                                                                     This means regular three-day weekends with a greater potential
                                                                                                     for longer trips and more recreation participation.
                                                                                                           It is anticipated that this change will dramatically increase
                                                                                                     participation in leisure time activities including outdoor recrea-
                                                                                                     tion. Although the evidence is not yet available to substantiate
                                                                                                     this prediction, early studies on the habits of people on the
                                                                                                     four-day work schedule indicate striking increases in travel and
                                                                                                     activities such as swimming and boating, hunting and fishing.
                                                                                                           Early retirement has increased due to improved private
                                                                                            7-,9     pension plans and higher social security benefits. Many of the

                                                                                                                                                                               35
<pb n="44" />

                                                                                      elderly, however, find that their fixed
                                                                                                                             incomes are not adequate
                                                                                      to meet higher costs created by growing inflation. Thus,
                                                                                      although many more people have longer periods of leisure due
                                                                                      to early retirement than ever before, many of these people find
                                                                                      themselves unable to afford costly leisure time activities.
                                                                                           Whatever the major cause may be, it can be demonstrated
                                                                                      that interest in outdoor recreation and expenditure of funds for
                                                                                      fees, travel and equipment are growing at a significant rate and
                                                                                      attendance at park and recreation areas has also increased. It
                                                                                      is estimated that the dollar volume of leisure time expenditures
                                                                              A
                                                                                         estimated for 1972 at a                       - will more than
                                                                                                                    bout $105 billion
                                                                                      double during the decade of the 1970s. The       most spectacular
                                                             w,@ @.Y
                                                                                      splurge is in purchases of products used        in the pursuit of
                                                                                      pleasure or relaxation-from bowling balls        to bicycles, and
                                                                                      from cameras to cabin cruisers. By 1978, the number of camp-
                                                                                      ing vehicles in use in the United States is projected to reach
                                                                                      7.5 million, more than double the present number. Other
                                                                                      activities showing tremendous growth are bicycling, snow
                                                                                      skiing, snowmobiling and tennis. As a result, many areas, the
                                                                                      nat
                                                                                         ional parks for example where the increased demands are
                                                   'Iv,
                                                                                      already being felt, are now placing limits on their attendance
                                                   Ar@*
                                                                                      capacity in order to protect the resource base.
                                                                                           In spite of the increase in participation among some
                                                                                      groups, the amount of leisure time available to most Americans
                                                                                      has not significantly changed. This is due to the fact that much
                                                                                      of the additional time away from work has been consumed by
                                                     N                                other activities such as longer commuting hours, going back to
                                                                                      school, second jobs and overtime work and other at home
                                                                                      projects related to day-to-day existence. Studies have shown,
                                                                                      for example, that the total time the homemaker used for her
                                                                                      family's work was not less, on the average, in 1967-68 than it
                                                                                            0 years earlier. While time spent in food preparation and
                                                                                      was 4
                                                                                      cle
                                                                                         an up had diminished by half an hour per day, time spent
                                                                                      for marketing and other tasks had increased more than that.
                                                                                           Other important factors limiting leisure time activity in-
                                                                                      clude high unemployment rates that affect millions of Ameri-
                                                                         V            cans and low income levels. The median income level in
                                                                                      America is generally inadequate to support extensive partici-
                                                                                      pation in leisure activities requiring costly equipment, ability to
                                                                                      travel, high fees, etc., when available financial resources must
             Stokes State Forest
             36
<pb n="45" />

                be devoted to survival items of food, housing and medicine.               Outdoor Reereation Demand
                The majority of people affected by these factors reside in the
                nation's urban areas. Their leisure time opportunities are re-            1970
                stricted also by the general lack of conveniently located open
                space and recreation facilities.                                               Swimming ranks as the most popular outdoor recreation
                     Another problem relates to the availability of resources.            activity in New Jersey. During the peak season nearly 40 million
                Natural areas require periods without use in order to rest and to         people desire to swim in New Jersey, creating a demand on an
                renew themselves after experiencing extensive human impact.               average weekend day during the peak season of 775,000
                With traditional recreation patterns, areas were heavily used             recreation days (each recreation day represents one person
                two or three days a week on the average and the remaining four            participating in one activity for an entire day). (see Tables 3
                days the resources were little used. With the increase in the             and 4.) Driving for pleasure and walking for pleasure are
                4-day work week this pattern will change. Businesses that                 second and third in popularity with peak season demands of
                adjust to the system by opening for trade only four days a week           over 33 million and 29 million, respectively. Playing outooor
                are likely to split fairly evenly in electing Friday or Monday as         games, ranked fourth in activity popularity, accounts for a
                the additional holiday. Thus recreation areas will now be                 demand of almost 20 million people. Picnicking, sightseeing,
                experiencing a four-day peak use period leaving only three days           fishing, boating, bicycling and nature walking round out the ten
                for the resources to rest.                                                most popular outdoor recreation activities in 1970.
                     It is reasonable to conclude that Americans with adequate                 Outdoor recreation in New Jersey on an average weekend
                incomes who have an increasing number of leisure hours will               day in the 1970 peak season totaled 4,668,400 people. Nearly
                spend more time in recreation participation. To some extent this          48% of this demand occurred on vacations, trips and outings
                impact has already been felt. Nevertheless, dramatic large                taken in New Jersey by out-of-state residents and New Jersey
                scale increases in leisure activities are not likely to occur in          residents traveling outside of their region. This high away
                the immediate future-the next five to ten years-unless lei-               demand is indicative of the tremendous attraction that the
                sure time and income for all Americans increase significantly.            various recreational areas in New Jersey, in particular the
                                                                                          shore areas, exert on both New Jersey residents and people
                                                                                          in New Jersey's RSI.
                                                                                               Approximately 60% of the total away demand, 2,235,100
                                                                                          people on an average weekend day, or nearly 30% of the total
                                                                                          demand was generated by out-of-state residents desiring to
                                                                                          recreate in New Jersey. This high demand from out-of-state
                                                         4@
                                                                                          r
                                                                                          esidents may be traced specifically to two major New Jersey
                                                                                          recreation attractions, the shore and the lake regions, which
                                                                                          are within close proximity to two of the largest metropolitan
                                                                                          centers in the United States, New York City and Philadelphia.
                                                                                               Since New Jersey residents can easily drive to any region
                                                                                          in the State in a relatively short time, they may satisfy their
                                                                                          recreation desires, which cannot be met by recreation facilities
                                                                                          in their own region, in other regions. For the most part, the
                                                                                          Northwest, North Shore and South Shore regions, which pos-
                                                                                          sess attractive natural recreation features and the major

                                                             7
                                                                                                                                                           37
<pb n="46" />

0

                                          TABLE 3: RANKING BY POPULARITY OF TWENTY-THREE                                                                                                                                                                      portion of the developed recreation facilitie
                                                                            OUTDOOR RECREATION ACTIVITIES                                                                                                                                                     of this interregional demand.
                                                                            1970                                                                                                                                                                                             As home demand is a function of regiq(
                                                                            (in Recreation Days, Peak Season Demand)                                                                                                                                          highest home demands are in the more
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              regions. The Northeast Region alone accou
                                          Swimming                                                    38,731,414                           Ice Skat i ng                                                               5,014,118                              of the State home demand.
                                          Dr.iving for Pleasure                                       33,497,825                           Camping                                                                     2,778,600
                                          Walking for Pleasure                                        29,134,123                           Hunting                                                                     3,728,734                                             REGIONAL DEMAND
                                          Playing Outdoor Games                                         19,733,592                           Water Skiing                                                                1,823,584
                                          Picnicking                                                  14,111,780                           Hiking                                                                      1,743,625                                             On an average weekend day during the
                                          Sqightseeing                                                 12,063,002                           Attending Outdoor Concerts                                                  1,683,857
                                          Fishing                                                                   0,637,482              Horseback Riding                                                            1,268,661                              is an outdoor recreation (home and away)
                                          Boat i ng                                                                 7,964,043              Snow Skiing                                                                 1,201,668                              people in the Northwest Region. The region'
                                          Bicycling                                                                 7,131,093              Sailing                                                                     613,631                                scenic qualities and abundance of state,
                                          Nature Walking                                                            5,636,472              Canoe ing                                                                   468,090                                recreation facilities have a combined eff
                                          Attending Outdoor Sport                                                   5,537,280              Mountain Climbing                                                                  63,809                          relatively high away demand of 181,700 peo
                                          Sledding                                                                  5,528,605                                                                                                                                                Over 64% of the North Central Regi
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              424,300 people, is away demand. This la
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              271,600 people, can be attributed to t
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              proximity to the densely populated Newz
                                          TABLE 4: RECREATION DEMAND IN NEW JERSEY
                                                                            AVERAGE                                 WEEKEND DAY IN THE PEAK SEASON
                                                                            1970

                                                                                                                                                                                                                OUTDOOR RECREATION ACTIVITIES
                                                                   Driving             Walking        Playing                                                                        Attending                         Nature
                                Region                             for                 for            Outdoor       Swimming       Sightseeing Bicycling                  Fishing    Outdoor    Picnicking             Walking             Bng        Hunting           Horse ack  Camping               Ice.              Sledding              Hiking           or      Outdoor
                                                                                       eas            Go-.                                                                           Sports                                                                             Riding                           Skating                                       Sklq@ 9             Concerts     Canoeing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           on"                                                                                                           W
                                                                   Pleasure            P, or,
                                Northwest                          34,200              26 400         19,300        46.800         14,300              6,600              13.400     6,400            16,100           6,70C               9,5DO      3,400             1100          4,300             38.900            5 500                 1'8      1,9D           1,7 0                500
                                          Home                     1,00              12q:400         17:6 0        3900          12 900              2,900              1,00      1,500            3.800            1,400               1,800          6DO           Goo                              18,800            2q:000                 60000            GDO       6000               100
                                          Away                     22,400              14,000         1 7000        7q:900          1:400                   00             12,400     4,900            12,300           5,300               7,700      2,800             5q90            4,300             20,100            3500                 1.200    1,300           1.100                400
                                North Central                      55,900              44,500         31,800        73.500         22,600              11,100             20.500     10,200           25.700           10,500              15 00      1 1               q:0,           6.500             65 0            9                2,90U    3,100           2,800                Boo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           1          1:2
                                          He..                     22,400              23,600         14,400        6.906          5,500               5,600              2.000      2.800            7,300            2,600               3:100          00           1 '00                            35 70             39 0                  1,200    1,100           1,200                300
                                          Away                     33,500              20,900         17,400        56,600         17,10              5,500              18,500     7,400            18,400           7,900               11,600     4,100             800            6,500             30 'l 000         5q:2000                1,700    2,000           1,600                50qw-
                                Northeast                          192,00             197,800        121 900       154,00        50,200              46,800             21.700     24 900           64,800           23,900              32 1 0     10400             910            2,000             233,000           32,900                10,00  9 00            9 9qM                 2400
                                          Home                     181,500             19100        116q:400       137.000        44,8             45,100             1,900     22q:600           59,000           21,400              28q:5000    9q:100             8q:90(o)                          225,600           31,300                9.500    9q:,100          9q:40D                22q:200
                                          Away                     10,500              6,600          5,500         17,800         5,400               1,700              5,800      2,3DO            5,800            2,500               3,600      1,3DO             200            2,000             7,400             1.600                 500              600       500                200
                                Central Corridor                   65,600              65,800         41,100        56,700         111:200             15,700             9,400      8,900            23,000           8,600               11,00     3,800             3,000          1,500             774 0             11q:200                3q:4 0    3 400           3,400                Soo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               0
                                          Home                     57,900              61,000         37,100        43,700         4 300               144 0              5 1        7 200            18,800           6,800               9,100      2,900             2,800                            72q:0DO            10000                 3 0000   2q:900           3,000                700
                                          Away                     7700               4,800          4,000         13,000         3,90D               1q:3000             4q:30000    1q:700            4,200            1,800               2,700          900           200            1,500             5,400             1,200                 400              500       400                q100
                                North Shore                        105,300             80800          59000         145500         44,700              20,300             42,100     19,800           50,100           20,700              29,800     10.400            3,400          13,600            92,700            17000                 5 5      5 90            5 2 0                1q,q500
                                          H                        34 7 0              36q:600         22q:300        26q:  200       8,600               8,600              3,000      4,300            11,300           4,100               5,400      1,700             1700                             43,200            6q:000                 1q:80000  1q:7000          1q:8000               400
                                          qoqmqe                      0q: 0                44,200         36,700        119,300        36,100              11,700             39,100     15,500           38,600           16,600              24.400     8,700             700            13.600            49,500            1000                3.700    4 00            300                 1q, 100
                                          Away                     7 6(03                                                                                                                                                                                               1q:                                                                                        2
                                Southwest                          59.700              58,900         37,100        53.300         17,000              14,100             9,300      8,200            2,1,400          8,100               11,000     3 6               2.70           1,700             35600             10 100                3 100    3.000           3000                700
                                          Home                     50800               53400          32500         38300          12 500              12,600             4.400      6,300            16,500           6.000               7,900      2q:50000           2.5000                           32q:400            8q:700                 2q:600    2,500           2,600                600
                                          Away                     8q:900               5q:500          4q:600         15q:000         4q:500               1,00              4,900      1,900            4 900            2,100               3,100      1100             200            1,700             3,200             1,400                 Soo              Soo       400                100
                                South Shore                        140,600             93,800         74,800        225,100        68,300              24,300             71,700     29,600           74q:300           31,500              46.000     16,300            3.700          24,600            54 50             22000                 7,300    8,30            6,800                2,2
                                          Home                     3 400               14,200         8.600         10200          3,3DO               3,300              1,2DO      1,700            4,400            1,600               2,100          700           700                              8q:60(o)           2q:300                 700              7000      700                20q00q0
                                          way                      1                                                4q:900          65,000              21,000             70.500     27.900           69,00           29,900              43.900     15,600            3,000          24,600
                                          A                        127q:200             79,600         66.200        21                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            600     6,100                2q1000
                                Delaware Bay                       16,600              14,500         9800         9,000         5,900               3.500              4,600      2.700            6,900            2.700               3,900      1,300             700            1,300                                                                                800                200
                                          Home                     9,700               10,200         6,00         7,300          2,40D               2,40D              Boo        1,200            3,100            1,100               1,500          Soo           500                                                                                                 500                q100
                                          Away                     6,900               4,300         3,600        11,700,        3,500               1,100              3.800                                        1 600               2,400          800           200            ,  300                                                                               300                qtqoqo
                                State Total                                                                                                                               DO         1107 0           282,300
                                                                   .q:. .00             @82', 0 1      3S4 00        7@7.4:7 00     11:2..              1.42:41.0          112:7 00   47 600           124:200          12 7,10             111        14,q:400           21,r.          11,.0                                                                              33600               9q,100
                                                 S                 3 2q:20.             402            24,                                                                 4
                                                                                                                    2              D q12,.3DO                                                                           S:, 00              3q:,2
                                          Home                                                                                                         4                                                               4                   '00        1@ l('0           IS800                                                                                            19,800               4 600
                                                                                                                                                                          159,                  00,   1581 00          67,700              99,400     35,300            6800         55,500                                                                             13.800               4 500
                                                                   287,700             179,900        149,700       486,200        146,900                                         .3,10
                                          Away                                                                                                         47,500             3          "500             3"00
                                *Reflects the skating demwd                 for natural       and artificial areas.

                                          38
<pb n="47" />

                                                                                             Due to the popularity of water-based activities, the South
                                 t I ci@is gain Ii U.0,P-4-                             Shore Region has an away demand totaling 961,100 people;
                                                                                        the highest in the State. This region is readily accessible to two
                                                                                        of the country's largest concentrations of population-the
                                                                                        Garden State Parkway links the region to the northeastern New
                                                                                        Jersey-New York metropolitan area, and the Atlantic City
                                                                                        Expressway is the major east-west route linking the region to
                                                                                        the Philadelphia area. The overall demand of 1,039,900 people
                                                                                        is the second highest in the State.
                                                                                             The Delaware Bay Region, the least populated region in
                                                                                        the State, has a home demand for outdoor recreation on the
                                                                                        average weekend day in the peak season of 57,300 people, the
                                                                                        lowest of all regions. The region'9 away demand of only 52,300
               metropolitan area and the retention of the        rural  character       people is also the lowest in the State.
               of portions of the region.
                    The highly urbanized Northeast Region, where nearly 50%
               of New Jersey's population lives, has the highest home demand
               in the State-1,170,700 people on an average weekend day
               during the peak season. This high demand is due, in part, to the
               large number of low income people living in the urban centers
               who lack the mobility to travel to recreation areas outside of the
               region. The region's low away demand, 82,900 people, is                                                    +
               indicative of its lack of recreation facilities to attract out of
               region residents.
                                                                            nd
                    The Central   Corridor has a fairly high home dema           of
               373,500 people and a relatively low away demand of 60,800
               people. This is the result of the increasing suburban population
               that is raising the home demand and the general lack of region-                                                                             N
               al recreation facilities that discourage away demand.
                    The North Shore Region with its extensively         developed
               water-oriented recreation facilities has a high          recreation
               demand of 781,600. Due primarily to its proximity to the highly
               populated New York-New Jersey urban complex, the region has
               an away demand of 557,700 people on an average weekend
               day in the peak season.
                                                                                        FYI,

                    The Southwest Region, one of the most populated regions

               average weekend day during the peak season. Due to the                                      S@
               of the State, has a home demand of 296,200 people on an

               region's lack of recreation facilities, the away demand amounts
               to only 67,000 people.

                                                                                                                                                         39
<pb n="48" />

0

                                  TABLE 5: OUTDOOR RECREATION DEMAND*                                                                                                                                                                  Outdoor Rqeerqeatioqn
                                                                   1970, 1985 and 2000
                                                                   (by Region)                                                                                                                                                         1985 aud 2000

                                                                                               1970                                   1985                                            2000                                                   The total outdoor recreation demand on
                                                 Region                      Home              Total                      Home                             Total          Home                   Total                                 end day in the peak season is projected t
                                  Northwest                                  80,200            261,900                    119,500                          349800        181,200                483,400                               people by 1985 and 9,172,400 by the year 2
                                  North Central                              152,700           424,300                    249,000                          593.300        394,300                846,200                               5, 6 and 7). These figures represent gains
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       respectively, over the 1970 demand. This tr
                                  Northeast                                  1,170,700         1,253,600                  1,705,100           1810100                   2,387,200              2,525,600                             in future demand reflects the anticipated in
                                  Central Corridor                           373,500           434300                    583,700                          660.400        882,400                9153,200                              growth, improvements in socio-economic
                                  North Shore                                223,900           781,600                    373,100             1,078800                   588,500                1,516,200                             Jersey and expansion of existing facility su
                                  Southwest                                  296,200           363,200                    475,700                          560,100        728,000                839,600                               participation.
                                  South Shore                                78.800            1,039,900                  116,100             1,329,900                   168,400                1,770,300                                   Due to anticipated population growth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       demand for home oriented outdoor recreat
                                  Delaware Bay                               57,300            109,600                    84,700                           151,000        120,800                2013,400                              estimated to increase at a more rapid pace
                                  State Totals                               2,433,300         4,668,400                  3,706,900           6,533,400                   5.450,800              9,172,900                             By the year 2000, the home demand will ha
                                                 on an average weekend day in the peak season                                                                                                                                          while away demand will have increased 96
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       the total demand was home demand; by 2
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       will account for nearly 60% of total demand.
                                  TABLE 6: RECREATION DEMAND IN                                                                                            NEW JERSEY
                                                                   AVERAGE WEEKEND DAY                                                                     IN THE PEAK                           SEASON, 1985

                                                                                                                                                                                          OUTDOOR RECREATION                           ACTIVITIES
                                                            Driving          Walking           Playing                                                         Attending                                                               I
                               Region                       fo              for               Outdoor          SWI-Ing Sghteelng   Bicycling            Fishing   Outdoor  Picnicking         Nature         Eloati,g   H..ti.g     Horseback
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          R               Camping       s Ice                                         War.  ar       Outdoor
                                                            Pleasure         Pleasure          Games                                                                 sports                      Walking                                  iding                         linflng            Sledding        HIM2p    Skln          Concerts  Canceqing
                               Northwest                    42,200           32,700            26,400           65,100    21,300      8,30                16,000    7,200       19,100          8100          13,300     3,400          1,300           7,000         56,600             8200           2,900     3100          200         70q0
                                      Home                  16,300           17,200            11,700           14,000    4900       4,000                1,500     2,200       4,400           ,000          3,000                  800   800                        29,800             3 100           1,1001     1 000          900           300
                                      Away                  25,9GO           15,500            14,700           51,100    16,400      4.300                14.500    000       14,700          6.100          10,300     2,600             Soo          7,000         26,800             100             1,8001  q:100         1,400         400
                               North Central                72,400           58,700            46,100           105,300   34,500      14,700               24,800    12.000      33,500          13,100         21,700     5,600          2,40(5          10,500        101,600            14,1          5,000 1    1,200          3.900       q100
                                      Home                  33,700           35,600            24,200           28,900    10000      8300                3,100     4,600       11,500          4,000          6,300      1,600          1.600                         11,100             6q@4'01          2301       ,100          1.900         500
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           '0              ,
                                      Away                  3700           23,100            21W            76AG0     24,50      6,400                21,700    7,400       22,GGO          9,100          15,400     4,OOG             800          10,500        40,tOO             7 7             :70.       3,100          2.000         q600
                               Northeast                    256,100          265,300           182,900          233,200   80,400      62,20-0              29 400    35.360  q89-'900      -3q-                                          12 -106         -3,300                                                                     T4JO
                                                                                                                                                                                      000        2:200          50300      12,800
                                      Home                  243,900          258,000           176,000          209,200   72,700      60,200               22q:600    33,000      83,             29 300         45q:500     1q@.600         11800                  1     347800            46100          16,800     15,500         14,100      3,800
                                      Away                  12,200           7,300             6,900            24,000    7,700       2,000                6,800     2.300       6.900           2,900          4,800                  200  300          3,300   1     9,800              2.400           800        1,000          600           200
                               Central Corridor             92,400           93600             65 00            89 1    30,5 0      22,100               12.700    13.5,00     33,400          12.100         19,100     4,900          4.300           2,400   1     126.300            17.600          6.400      6,000          5.300       1
                                                                                                                0
                                      Home                  83,500           88q:300            60:110           71q:150   24,9000     20,600               7,700     11,300      28,400          10.000         15,600     4.000          4,100                        119,100            15 800          5,800      5,300          4,800         q'30DqOqO
                                      Away                  8900            5,300             5,00(o)          17,500    5,600       1,500                5000     1,700       5,000           2,100          3,500                  900 __._200_       _2,400        7.200              1q:800           600        700            500           100
                               North Shore                  135,000          105,200           84,600           206,800   67,600      26,700               50700    22,900      64,600          25,700         42,400     10,800         4.300           22@100        142,100            26,300          9,406      9900           7,400       2.200
                                      H a                   53400            56 500            38 400           45 goo    1 900       3 2W                 4900      17 200      1 200           5 400          000        21500          2600                         7(1@1..            10,1100         3,700      3q@400          3,100         800
                                      A02y                  8  600         48q:700            46q:200           161q:DO   5510     3q:500              4:    5q:700       4B6:400         19        1302q:400   80          1,700           22,100        66,000             16,200          5,700      6,500          4,300       1,400
                                                                             -_                                 q-                                                                                                                      --                ____                     __         _]_                                    4,1O    qA0q6
                               Southwest                    5,700           6,000            60,200           85,000    29,000      20,300               12700    12,200      31,500          10      18,200     4,600          3,00           2,800         59q:701             1411        5,900      5,600          4                                     Home                  75,500           7900            54,400           64,800    22,500      18,600               7,000     10,200      25 7 0          900          14,100     3,600          3,700                         5400              1 @.O 1         1,200      4.800          4,400       1q,q200
                                      Away                  10,200           6,100             5800            20,200    6,500       1,700                5.700     2.000       5q:8000          2.400          4,100      1,000                          2,800         4,300              52,000                                                  200
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       q-200                  -                          -
                               South Sho a                  165,400          107,300           96,500           305900   98.700      28,900               84,200    30,800      9,900           36,900         61,700     15,900         4,000           39900        74 700             2700            111 500i   12 900         8,60        qiqiq;qbo
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       9
                                                                             P'                                                                            """g
                                                                                                                                                           16'1'0

                                                                                                                                                           14.50.
                                                                                                                                              4qr24
                                                                                                                                                           0q1q0
                                                                                                                                                           3,10.
                                                                                                                                                           2, ".

                                      Home                  18,400           19,500            13,300           15,800    5,500       4,500                1,700     2,500       86,300          2200          3,400                  00    900                        1q:500             3q:500           1q:3001    1q:200          1,10          300
                                      Away                  147000          87 800            83 200           2 0,100   93,200      24,400               82,500    28,300      83,600          34700                                   3,10            39,900        6                  21.200          10,200     11,700         7,70        2,500
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1`00
                                                                                                                27        9                   0            go                                    35DO          5,700      1,40
                                                            133 0                                               1         4000        33 0                 1 200     800                         1,6         2 500                  600   600
                                                                             -'q@"              "4"                                                                                                                                                                                         _               ___fq-      __
                                      Home                         0                           56.0                                                                  1                                                                                                                     '500            o        800                          200
                                                                             "I"..             q"                1" 70000  5o        1,3000               4,500     1q: 500      4,500           1'9000         3q:200                  800   200                                           1.600           1600       600                          100
                                      Away                  8000             '1.00             4.500                                                                                                                                                      2 200         :1,70.
                               State Totals                 870,500                                             1117,500  371,100     187,800              236,200   136.700     570,900         143,100        232,400    59,400         E, 10C          EI6q@0         g@ '06             U,800           60 200     60.00                     3,900
                                                                                                        46 00     160,400     132,700              49,700    72,8182,000         64600         100,400    25,600         26.100                                           it
                               eaw- Say                   _@_1300        2qT767,7.O57                                   100         4:6 9                5q:7       3,30       _9,000                                                      800          -2,200      11qZ                             60        1,400                        q300
                                      H me                  5000                                                                                                                                                                                                     714,000            01800          37 10      34,100                     8,40q0
                                                                                                                0                                                                                                                                                                                          '1
                                                                                                                5q'q:'00    210,700     55,100               186,5 0   63,900      188,900         78tOO         132,000    33,800         7,000           90.200        219.100                            3 000
                                         way                                                                    6
                                                                             ,.                7 7
                                                                             19. "
                                                                                               1.. 0.                                                                                                                                                                                      3,000           2          26,500
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     _41,6 q'q0q'
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     "00

                                      A                     332,500                            2                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     141         5,500

                                  40
<pb n="49" />

	Since home demand is a fumction of each region's poplua-
tion, the regions with high projects population growth rates
also have the highest projectd population growth rates
Between 1970 and 2000 the North Shore Region's population
is projected to increase by 63%, the highest relative gain in the
State.  During the same time period, the North Shore's demand
is estimated to increase 163%, the highest proportional regional
increase in New Jersey.  Similarly, the Northeast Region, with
the lowest projected growth rate (23%), will have the lowest
relative gain in home demand, 115%.
	Each region's relative share of the total away demand is
expected to remain similar to that of 1970.  The main recreation
attractions will still remain in the shore and lake regions of the
State and therefore thest regions will recieve the major portion
of the away demand.  The south shore region with away
demands in 1985 and 2000 of 1,213,800 and 1,601,900, re-
specitively, will remain the focal point of outdoor recreation
in New Jersey.
<pb n="50" />

                                                                                                                                                           SUPPLY OF
                                                                                                          LAND RESOURCES -

                          Existing and Mroposed Supply                                                                                                                        Presently, the South Shore Region has 156,509 acres of
                                                                                                                                                                   recreation land and the Northwest Regionlips 141,919. These
                          of Reereation Resourees*                                                                                                                 two regions account for over 45% of the recreation land in New
                                                                                                                                                                   Jersey.

                                    EXISTING                                                                                                                                  PROPOSED
                                    Prior to the passage and implementation of the New Jersey                                                                                 During the past several years the voters of New Jersey
                          Green Acres Bond Act of 1961, open space recreation land                                                                                 have approved two major recreation land acquisition bond
                          under public ownership (federal, interstate, state, county and                                                                           issues, the New Jersey Green Acres Bond Act of 1971 for $80
                          municipal) totaled 323,068 acres. Due primarily to the accom-                                                                            million and the Water Resources Bond Act of 1969 which pro-
                          plishments of the Green Acres Program and federal acquisition
                          for the Delaware Water Gap National Recreational Area, the                                                                               TABLE 1: EXISTING RECREATION LAND
                          public land total increased to 473,283 acres in 1970.                                                                                                          1970
                                    In addition to the,publicly owned lands, there are 178,581                                                                                           (acres)
                          acres of privately owned land devoted to outdoor recreation.                                                                                  Region           Municipal         County    I      State         Federal        Interstate       Private        Total
                          Combined, the public and private sectors provide 651,864                                                                                                                   1 -                                              -
                          acres of recreation land. (See Table 1.)                                                                                                 Northwest                  347                4         60,257         16,368            -             64,943         141,919
                                    The State administers the bulk of New Jersey's recreation                                                                      North Central           1,605           4,793           26,069         6,856             -             38,238         75,561
                          land, 371,842 acres or 57%. The private sector's contribution of                                                                         Northeast               5.375           16,358            1,322            16           2.430          ",  827        37,328
                          178,581 acres amounts to 27.4% of the State's total recreation                                                                           Central Corridor        4,151           7,577            5,395             -             -             ",B43          28.966
                          land. At present the Federal Government provides 45,239 acres                                                                            North Shore             1,310           2,109           51.271             733           -             8,418          63,841
                          or just 7% of the total recreation land while municipal and
                          county levels of government, together, supply 53,772 acres or                                                                            Southwest               1,384           4,030           67.432             -             -             18,094         90.940
                          8.2%.                                                                                                                                    South Shore             1,110           1,549          113,333         20,631            -             19.886         156,509
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 it                I

                                                                                                                                                                   Delaware Bay            1,905              165          48,763             635           -             5,332          56,800
                            Major public open space and recreation areas are shown on Appendix 0                                                                                                                                                                                     1
                            map entitled, "Major Public Open Space and Recreation Areas in New                                                                     State Totals                            36,585    1    371,842         45,239           2,430          178,581        651,864
                           Jersey".

                          42
<pb n="51" />

                             vided $29 million for reservoir land purchase. Primarily through                                                                             Under present plans, recreation lands administered by the
                             these new bond issues, plus completion of the 1961 Green                                                                                     Federal Government in New Jersey will increase by 38,771
                             Acres Program and continued acquisition for the Delaware                                                                                     acres. At the local levels, municipalities propose to acquire
                             Water Gap National Recreation Area, over 120,000 acres of                                                                                    10,874 acres while counties plan to purchase 7,241 acres.
                             land will be added to the 1970                                     land supply to                  boost the total                                      Largely because of the acquisition programmed by the
                             recreation land in the State to 774,163 acres.                                                      (See Tables 2                            Federal Government to complete the Delaware Water Gap
                             and 3.)                                                                                                                                      National Recreation Area, the land acreage proposed for ac-
                                                                                                                                                                          quisition in the Northwest Region (49,920 acres) is the largest
                                                                                                                                                                          regional total. Sizable land acquisition programs are also
                                                                                                                                                                          scheduled in the South Shore (24,321 acres), North Shore
                                                                                                                                                                          (16,919 acres), and North Central (10,851 acres) regions.
                                                                                                                                                                                     When the proposed acquisitions are completed, over 47%
                                                                                                                                                                          of New Jersey's total recreation land of 774,163 acres will be
                                                                                                                                                                          located in the South Shore and Northwest regions. The North-
                                                                                                             V@                                                           east and the Central Corridor regions will have the lowest re-
                                                                                                                                                                          gional totals with 40,690 acres and 36,748 acres, respectively.

                                                                                                                                                                          TABLE 2: PROPOSED RECREATION LAND
                                                                                                                                                                                                 (acres)
                                                                                                        17,
                                                                                                                                                                                Reg ion                  Municipal             County               State             Federal                Take I
                                                                                                                                                                          Northwest                        1.283               1.413                                      30.800             49,920
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    16,424
                                                                                                                                                                          North Central                    2.992                      115           7,552                 192                10,146
                                                                                                                                                                          Northeast                            696             1.952                  714                     0              3,362
                                                                                                                                                                          Central Corridor                 1,755               1,273                4,754                     0              7,782
                                                                ZIP                                                                                                       North Shore                      2,474               1,537                8,618                 4,932              16,919
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              0              8,866
                                                                                                                                                                          Southwest                            723                    0             8,143
                                                                                                                                                                          South Shore                          838                                                        582                24,321
                                      -wMOW                                                                                                                                                                                           60            22,821
                                                                                                                                                                          Delaware Bay                         113                    871           3,79                  2,365              7,142
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          3
                                                                                                                                                                          State Totals              1      10,874      1       7.241                72,819      1         38,771             129,705
                                       Although the various levels of government in New Jersey                                                                            TABLE          3:FUTURE                   TOTAL RECREATION LAND
                             combined have identified 129,705 acres of land as possessing                                                                                                        (acres)
                                                                                                                                                                                Region            Municipal         County            State         Federal      Interstate        Private       Total
                             the potential of being developed for recreational use, the net                                                                               Northwest                 1,630           1,417             70,0701       47,168                0        64,943        185,228
                             gain in the State's land supply resulting from the proposed                                                                                  North Central             4,597           4,908             31,621        7,048                 0        38,238        86,412
                                                                                                                                                                          Northeast                 6,071           18,310            2.036               16       2,430           11,827        40,690
                             acquisition programs will actually amount to 122,299 acres.                                                                                  Central Corridor          5,906           8,850             10,149              0               0        11,843        36,748
                                                                                                                                                                          North Shore               3 784           3 646             59.05V        5.565                 0        8,418         80,507
                             (See Table 2.) The reason for this is that the federal program                                                                               Southwest                 2:107           4@030             75,575              0               0        18,094        99,806
                             includes 7,406 acres of state land which is presently dedicated                                                                              South Shore               1,948           1,629             136,154       21,213                0,       19,886        180,830
                             to recreational use that is expected to be transferred to the                                                                                Delaware Say              2.018           1.036             52,556        3,000                 0        5,332         63,942
                             National Park Service for the Delaware Water Gap National                                                                                    State Totals        1     28,061     1    43.826     1      437.255 1     8010     1     2,430      1    178,581   1   774.163
                                                                                                                                                                          'The expected transfer at Worthington skate Forest (5,624 acres) to the National Park S-1ce and the anticipated Corps Of Engineers purchases (t-l-
                             Recreation Area and the Gateway National Recreation Area.                                                                                    nor app-imately 787 xres@ of the Walpack Fish and Wildlife Management Area and a Section Of the Flattarook Fish and Wildlife Managernent Area far
                                      The state level proposes to undertake the largest acquisi-                                                                          the Delaware water Gap National Recreation Area we reflected in this figure.
                                                                                                                                                                          2Tneex clad transfer to the Department of the Interim of real property and rights totaling 795 acres lor the Gateway National Recreation Area is re-
                             tion program with 72,819 acres identified for future purchase.                                                                               flectitaipien this figure.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       43
<pb n="52" />

              FEDERAL RECREATION S UPPL Y                                           are permitted. Hunting is prohibited at all areas except the
                                                                                    state administered Killcohook National Wildlife Refuge and
                   EXISTING                                                         a 5,000 acre section of the Brigantine National Wildlife Refuge.
                                                                                    The 1970 attendance figures for the Great Swamp National
                   The Federal Government presently holds title to 45,239           Wildlife Refuge, the Barnegat National Wildlife Refuge, and the
              acres of land in New Jersey that are predominately used for           Brigantine National Wildlife Refuge were 141,000, 27,248, and
              recreation. Of this total, 26,421 acres are administered by           164,557, respectively.
              the Fish and Wildlife Service, 17,751 acres by the National
              Park Service, and 1,067 acres by the U.S. Army Corps of Engi-         Delaware Water Gap
              neers and the U.S. Coast Guard. (Appendix C gives a detailed
              listing of all federal recreation areas in New Jersey.) Table 4
              shows existing and proposed federal recreation lands by region
              and Table 5 shows developed recreation facilities at federal and
              interstate areas by region.

                   The National Park Service
                                                                                                                                           V
                                                                                                                                          JA
                   The National Park Service administers three areas in New
              Jersey: the Morristown National Historic Park in Morris County,
              the Edison National Historic Site in Essex County and the Dela-
              ware Water Gap National Recreation Area in Sussex and War
              ren counties. At the first two areas, the National Park Service
              has developed primarily historical interpretive facilities; how-
              ever, at Morristown, recreation facilities including hiking and
              equestrian i trails and picnicking areas are also provided. At
              the DelawarQ Water Gap National Recreation Area, a wide
              variety of outdoor recreation activities may be engaged in by
              park visitors. These activities include hunting, swimming, ca-
              noeing, boating, fishing, ice skating, hiking, camping, and
              picnicking. Annual visitation to National Park Service areas in
              1970 amounted to 1,272,200 with the Delaware Water Gap
              National Recreation Area accounting for 815,200 visits.

                   The Fish and Wildlife Service                                        The United States Army Corps of Engineers
                   The Fish and Wildlife Service owns four national wildlife            and The Coast Guard
              refuges in the State, one of which is administered by the New             These agencies administer several small sites in the North
              Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. Since these            Shore and South Shore regions. The Corps maintains three
              areas are maintained primarily for conservation purposes, only        areas: the Bay Head-Manasquan Canal, the Manasquan River
              those activities that are compatible with each site's resources       Channel, and the Cape May Canal, all of which are used by

              44
<pb n="53" />

                                   TABLE 4:                    EXISTING AND PROPOSED                                                                                                                                           ities for boating, fishing and swimming pro
                                                               FEDERAL RECREATION LAND (acres)                                                                                                                                 However, if the reservoir is deleted fr
                                                                                        1970                                                    PROPOSED                                                                       DWGNRA will still become a reality but w
                                                                                                                                                                  Total                                                        ited variety of activity opportunities. Pr
                                                               National        Fish &amp;             Other          Existing         National          Fish &amp;         Proposed           Future
                                                               Park            Wildlife          Federal         Federal             Park           Wildlife        Federal           Federal                                  made for hiking, horseback riding, picnic
                                        Region                 Service         Service         Agencies             Land           Sere ice         Service            Land           Land                                     historic interpretation.
                                   Northwest                   16,368                   0                 0         16,368          27,800            3,000            30,800         47,168                                   The DWGNRA, little more than one h
                                   North Central               1,367           5.489                      0         6,856                   3            189               192        7,048                                    York City and Philadelphia, will serve
                                                                                                                                                                                                                               population who live within 100 miles of
                                   Northeast                           16               0                 0                16               0                0                0                                                visitation, in line with the environment
                                   Central Corridor                    0                0                 0                0                0                0                0              0                                 valley, approaching four million people
                                   North Shore                         0           652                 81              733                  0         4,832            4,832          5,565                                    recreation area when it is completed.
                                   Southwest                           0                0                 0                0                0                0                0              0                                 Congress just recently authorized thE
                                   South Shore                         0       19,645                986            20,631                  0            582              582         21,213                                   Gateway National Recreation Area in the
                                                                                                                                                                                                                               New Jersey-New York urban complex. ThE
                                   De I aware Bay                      0           635                    0            635                  0         2,365            2,365          3.000                                    composed of a number of separate rec
                                   State Totals           1    17,751          26,421              1,067            45,239          27,803          10,968             38,771        84,010
                                                                                                                                                                                                                               TABLE 5: FEDERAL RECREATION ARE
                                   boating enthusiasts. The Coast                                                   Guard maintains several                                       light-                                              AND PALISADES INTERSTATE
                                   house stations which are mainly of historic interest to tourists.                                                                                                                                  DEVELOPED RECREATIONAL
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1970

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               FEDERAL RECREATION A
                                               PROPOSED                                                                                                                                                                        Facilities         Notrullarest   North Central     North Shore        South     Shot
                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Swimming                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Permsant Pools              1
                                               When acquisition is completed for the Delaware Water                                                                                                                            Ft. of Shoreline              250
                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Acres of Beach
                                   Gap National Recreational Area, the recreation area will en-                                                                                                                                Boating
                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Areas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Ramps
                                   compass over 70,000 acres of land in New Jersey and Pennsyl-                                                                                                                                Berths
                                                                                                                                                                                                                               water Acreage                                           2,000              2,200
                                   vania. At the present time, 16,400 acres of the proposed 44,210                                                                                                                             No. of Fac.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                               water Acres                  240                        2,000              2.200
                                   acre New Jersey section have been acquired. In view of the                                                                                                                                  mi. of Shoreline             29.7          0.7                                   0.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                               CamPiing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Family Sites                30
                                   uncertainty of the future of the reservoir and the limited acqui-                                                                                                                           Hiking
                                                                                                                                                                                                                               miles of Trails               31           23.9
                                   sition which has taken place, very little recreation development                                                                                                                            bicycling
                                                                                                                                                                                                                               miles of Trails
                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Horseback Riding
                                   has occurred.                                                                                                                                                                               Miles of Trails              4.4           8.4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Hunting
                                               Current plans call for the DWGNRA to stretch on both                                                                                                                            Acres                  7.570                                               5.O
                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Picnicking
                                   sides of the proposed 37 mile lake just below the scenic Deqla-                                                                                                                              Acres
                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Table.                       so           24
                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Ice Skating - Natural Areas
                                   ware Water Gap to above Milford, Pennsylvania. The 12,425                                                                                                                                   No. of Sites
                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Acres                        6
                                   acre reservoir which will be formed by a dam at the northern                                                                                                                                Ice Skating - Artificail
                                                                                                                                                                                                                               acres
                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Snow Skiing
                                   tip of Tocks Island will be used for flood control, water supply,                                                                                                                           Acres
                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Outdoor Games and sports
                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Playgrounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                               											                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Game court
                                               According to the master plan for the DWGNRA, the reser-                                                                                                                         Golf- 18 holes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Golf- 9 holes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Golf Par3
                                   voir will be the focal point of recreation development with facil-
<pb n="54" />

              Jersey and New York in the vicinity of the Lower New York Bay
              will feature two high use water-oriented recreation complexes:
              one on Sandy Hook peninsula in New Jersey and another at
              Breezy Point in New York. The 1,700 acre Sandy Hook unit,                                                                               i
              which will have a daily capacity of about 50,000 people, will
              serve the densely populated northeastern section of New Jer-
              sey.
                                                                                                                                                   MA -
              INTERSTATE RECREATION AREA

                   The Palisades Interstate Park is a unique are
                                                                 a in New Jer-
              sey, extending 13 miles along the Hudson River from Fort Lee
              in Bergen County to the New York State line. Regarded as one
              of the more scenic features of the northeastern part of the
              United States, the lands were originally acquired to preserve
              the skyline of the Palisades.
                   This park totals 2,430 acres of scenic views, picnicking          High Point
              and hiking trails which attracted 1,854,583 visitors in 1970.
              It is maintained by the Palisades Interstate Park Commission,          STATE RECREATION SUPPLY
              a bi-state agency established by law in 1900 when the states of
              New York and New Jersey joined together to preserve the high                EXISTING
              bluff along the west shore of the Hudson River. Just recently,              Three divisions within the New Jersey Department of En-
              the Palisades Shore Trail and Palisades Long Path were desig-          vironmental Protection are responsible for the administration
              nated as National Recreation Trails.                                   of state owned recreation areas. The Division of Parks and
                                                                                     Forestry maintains the state parks, forests, natural areas,
                                                                                     recreation areas, marinas and historic sites and, under the
                                                                                     provision of statutes and approval of the Division of Water
                                                                                     Resources, operates two reservoirs as state recreation areas;
                                                                                     and the Division of Fish, Game and Shellfisheries administers
                                                                         f           the state fish and wildlife management areas. State parks
                                                                                     and forests are generally developed for recreation while
                                                                                     state fish and wildlife management areas remain relatively
                                                                                     undisturbed expanses of land suitable for hunting, fishing, and
                                                                                     nature interpretation. Although state reservoirs, dams, opera-
                                                                                     tional structures and related appurtenances are constructed,
                                                                                     operated and maintained by the Division of Water Resources
                                                                                     for water supply purposes, much of their water surface area
                                                                                     and the lands bordering them are available and used for recrea-
                                                                                     tion.

              46
<pb n="55" />

                                                 Over 5,500,000 people visit New Jersey's state parks,                                                                                                             TABLE 6: EXISTING                                        STATE RECREATION LAND
                                    forests, and historic sites annually. The North Shore Region                                                                                                                                             1971
                                    primarily due to the two shore state parks- Island Beach and                                                                                                                                             (acres)
                                    Sandy Hook State Parks-accounts for 34% (1,872,820 visi-                                                                                                                                                                                Fish and
                                    tors) of the total attendance at state recreation facilities. Three                                                                                                                                                                     Wildlife                         His-    Rec -                         Reseir-
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Managenard Natural               toric  reation                        V Ifif Misc.'
                                    other regions receiving high proportions of the state facility                                                                                                                    Region                 Parks            Forests       Areas         Areas              Sites Areas       Marrinas            Sites Areast          Total
                                    visitation -Northwest, South Shore, and North Central -attract                                                                                                                 Northwest                 21,502           21,023        9.B31                 446        1       6.208          0              0    1,246            60,257
                                    collectively 2,565,756 visitors or 46% of                                                                    the state visitation.                                             North Central             7,940            4.150         5,285                 294        0              0       0              0    6,400            24.069
                                    Yet these four regions, which attract 80% of annual attendance,                                                                                                                Northeast                 1,299                  a               0             0          9              0       0              a             14      1,322
                                    have only 27% of the State's population, indicating that a high
                                    proportion of visitation originates outside of the regions.                                                                                                                    Central Corridor          3,025                  0               135           52         15             0       0              754  1.414            5.395
                                                 The various state recreation areas total 371,842 acres. A                                                                                                         North Shore               8,530            9,309         33.159                108        7              0       23             15            120     51,271
                                    high proportion of this acreage, 113,333 acres or 30% of the                                                                                                                   Southwest                 2,794            60.318        4,310                 0          10             0       0              0             0       67,432
                                    total, is situated in the South Shore Region. Ranking second,                                                                                                                  South Shore                   690          ,79,189       30,261         3.066             4              0       28             0             95      113,333
                                    the Southwest Region has 67,432 acres or 18% and, ranking                                                                                                                      Delaware Say              1,229            1,523         45,897                100        1              0       15             0             0       48,763
                                    third, the Northwest Region has 60,257 acres or 16%. (See
                                    Table 6.)                                                                                                                                                                      State Totals              47.009           175,512       128,878        4,066             47      6.208          CA             769  9,289            371,842

                                                 State Parks                                                                                                                                                       '01 the Northwest and North        Central regional totals, 480 and 6400 acres, respectively, are under conservation easergents.
                                                 New Jersey's state parks have been established to provide
                                    facilities for healthful outdoor recreation, to preserve the native                                                                                                            TABLE 7: PROPOSED AND FUTURE
                                    flora and fauna in their natural conditions, and to preserve                                                                                                                                             STATE RECREATION LAND (acres)
                                    areas of outstanding historic significance. Nearly all of the                                                                                                                  PROPOSED RECREATION LAND GREEN ACRES PROGRAMS                                                                                                 Total
                                    parks have been set aside as wildlife sanctuaries where hunting                                                                                                                                                   1961                  1971    1             Total              Water              Tula I                   Future
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Bond                  Bond                  Green         Resourc 8           Proposed                     State
                                    is prohibited.                                                                                                                                                                      Region                        Issue                 team                  Acres              Funds              Land                     Rec. Land
                                                 The majority of the 39 state parks totaling 47,009 acres                                                                                                          Northwest                          225                   15,229                15,454               970              16,424                   70,070-
                                    are developed to some degree for recreation. (For acreage and                                                                                                                  North Central                      457                   5,045                 5,502              2,050              7.552                    31,621
                                    attendance figures for each park see Appendix D.) The major                                                                                                                    Northeast                                  14            700                   714                       0                      714           2,M6
                                    activities at most state parks are picnicking, fishing, swimming,                                                                                                              Central Corridor                           20            2,388                 2,408              2.346              4,754                    10,149
                                    camping, hiking, driving for pleasure, and playing outdoor
                                    games. In Table 8, the developed recreation facilities provided                                                                                                                North Shore                        589                   6,039                 6,628              1,990              8,618                    59,094'-
                                    in state parks are reported by region. A large portion of the                                                                                                                  Southwest                          354                   7,789                 8,143                     0           8,143                    75,575
                                    state park acreage is contained in the Northwest Region. The                                                                                                                   South Shore                        525                   22,296                22,821                    0           22,821                   136,154
                                    state parks in this region, totaling 21,502 acres or 46% of the                                                                                                                Delaware Bay                       470                   3,323                 3,793                     0           3,793                    52,556
                                    state park acreage, have intensive development and accom-                                                                                                                      State Totals                       2,654                 62,809                65.463             7,356              72,819                   437.255
                                    modate over 800,000 visitors annually. However, the most
                                                                                                                                                                                                                   'Represents estimated acreage which will be acquired under the 1971 Green Acres Bond IS e.
                                    intensively used state parks are Island Beach and Sandy Hook                                                                                                                   Represents the sum of existing State recreation land and the not gain of supply achieved through the State's proposed acquisition program.
                                    State Parks in the North Shore Region. These two shore water-                                                                                                                  *The expected transfer of Worthington State Fares( (5,824 acres) to the National Park service and the anticipated Corps of Engineers' purchases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                   (totaling approximately 787 acres) of the walpack Fish and Wildlife management Area, and a section of the Flatbrook Fish and Wi Wile manage-
                                    oriented parks combined receive over 1,350,000 visitors an-                                                                                                                    ment Area for the Delaware water Gap National Recreation Area are reflected in this figure.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                   -Th.,expecled transfer to the Deperfmant of Interior Of real property and rights totaling 795 acres for the Gateway National Recreation Area is re-
                                    nually.                                                                                                                                                                        flec ed in  his Iigure.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         47
<pb n="56" />

                                                     State Forests                                                                                                                                                              regions. Within these regions are locate
                                                     There are 10 New Jersey state forests totaling 175,512                                                                                           the largest state forest in New Jersey com
                                        acres. The state forests are not generally as developed as state                                                                                                                        and the major portion (17,704 acres) o
                                        parks and are oriented more toward the backwoods type of out-                                                                                                                           state forest, Lebanon State Forest, totaling
                                        door recreation such as hunting, camping, fishing, picnicking                                                                                                                                            State Recreation Areas
                                        and hiking. Besides having recreational facilities, the state
                                        forests serve as wildlife and plant life conservation areas, as                                                                                                                                          State recreation areas offer opportunities for a wide variety
                                        well as providing a visual or aesthetic break in the developed                                                                                                                          of outdoor activities and are characteristically more intensively
                                        sprawl of our suburban countryside and a natural retreat for                                                                                                                            developed for recreation than other state areas,  The three
                                        the urbanite. (For acreages and attendance figures of the state                                                                                                                         existing state recreation areas, totaling 6,208 acres are all
                                        forests refer to Appendix E, and for the regional breakdown of                                                                                                                          located in the Northwest Region. (See Appendix F for acreage
                                        state forest recreation facilities refer to Table 9.)                                                                                                                                   and attendance figures for each area.)  Two of these areas,
                                                     State forests occur in all but two regions, the Northeast                                                                                                                  Round Valley and Spruce Run Recreation Areas, utilize the
                                        and Central Corridor. About 80% (139,507 acres) of the state                                                                                                                            recreation potential of state reservoirs by providing facilities
                                        forest lands are located in the South Shore and Southwest                                                                                                                               for water-oriented activities. Presently, activities at these sites

                                        TABLE 8: STATE PARKS                                                                                                                                                                    TABLE 9: STATE FORESTS
                                                                     DEVELOPED RECREATIONAL FACILITIES                                                                                                                                                      DEVELOPED RECREATIONAL
                                                                      1970                                                                                                                                                                                   1970

                                Facilities           Northwest      North Central        Northeast     Central Corridor North Shore           Southwest        South Shore      Delaware Bay       State Total                                   Facilities      Northwest North Central           Northeast Central Conido, North S
                   Swimming                                                                                                                                                                                                Swimming
                                Permanent P Is                                                                                                                                                                                  Permanent Pools
                                Ft. of Shoreline                                    6DO                                                                                                                     600                 Ft. of shoreline
                                Acres of Beech                    6                 5.5                             3                37                                                    4                55.5                Acres of Beach                           3
                   Boa'         Ing                                                                                                                                                                                        Boating
                                Areas                                                                                                                                                                                           Areas
                                It                                                                                                                                                                                             Ramps                                    2

                                                                                                                                                                                                               B rths
                                Water Acreage             1.303                     157                                                                                                    90            1,550                  Water Acreage                            10
                   Fhg                                                                                                                                                                                                 Flshn
                                No. of F.                                                                                                                                                               1.677                  N .              01 Fac.
                                W ter Acres                1,303                    240         35                  9                                                                      go                                   W ter Acres                              143
                   -Mi.      Shoreline                         4.5               4.6                                              23                                25                 .4               35                  Mi. of Shoreline                         5               1
                   C-                                                                                                                                                                                                    Camping
                                Family Sites                      190                                               53               57                                                    57               357                 Family Sites                             198
                   Hiking                                                                                                                                                                                                  Hiking
                                Miles of Trails                   23.4              31_                             9.7              13.1           1.5                                    9                07.7           _M   ]..of Trails                            40.3          19.8                                                   1
                   Bicycling                                                                                                                                                                                               Bicycling
                                Miles of Trails                                                                                                                                                                                 Miles of Trails
                   Horseback Riding                                                                                                                                                                                        Horseback Aiding
                                Miles of Trails                   20                                                5.0              5                                                                      30                  Miles Of Trails                          38                                                                   1
                   Hunting                                                                                                                                                                                                 Hunting
                                Acres                      7.850                    3,551      905                                               550                                                     13.156                 Acres                             13.340           4.150                                                  9,3
                   Picnicking                                                                                                                                                                                              Picnicking
                                A                                                                                                                                                                                             Acres
                                Table.                            564               725                          525                 152                                                   192           2,158                  Tables                                   108
                   e Skating                                                                                                                                                                                             Ice Sksting
                   Na I Areas                                                                                                                                                                                            Natural Areas
                                No. of Sites                                                                                                                                                                                    No. Of Sites
                   -Acres                                         15                24                                                                                                     6                45                  Acres                                  15
                   Ice Skin     in                                                                                                                                                                                        Ice Skating
                   Art          iiil                                                                                                                                                                                    An   ificial
                                Acres                                                                                                                                                                                           Acres
                   Show Skiing                                                                                                                                                                                             Snow Skiing
                                Acres                                                                                                                                                                                           Acres
                   Outdoor Games &amp; Sports                                                                                                                                                                                  Outdoor Games and Sports
                                Playgrounds                       7                 5                               4                1                                                     2                19                  playground                               3
                                li.1da                         6                 3                               8                1                                                                      26                  Open             Playlields              4
                                Courts                                                                                                                                                                                          G me C on.
                                1" 8 holes                                                                                                                                                                                  G.If_I           8 holes
                                Go holes                                                                                                                                                                                        (3014            hole
                                Go 2p2p                                                                                                                                                                                     Goll-Par 3

                                        48
<pb n="57" />

                                    are limited to boating, waterfowl hunting and fishing, but within
                                    the very near future facility development for swimming, hiking,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                #4'1
                                    picnicking and camping will be completed. (See Table 10.)

                                                State Natural Areas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 I ku
                                                To date, thirteen designated state natural areas totaling
                                    4,066 acres have been                                            established to preserve ecologically
                                    significant or unique areas in their natural state. In addition,
                                    approximately 1,000 acres within state parks have been set
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         f7,-7'7':
                                    aside as dedicated state natural areas. Since development has
                                    been kept to a minimum to avoid damaging or altering the
                                    natural character of these sensitive areas, hiking and nature
                                    interpretation are the primary activities engaged in on state
                                    natural areas. Most of the designated state natural areas land
                                    acreage is located in the South Shore Region (3,066 acres).                                                                                                                         Batsto
                                    (Refer to Appendix G for the regional locations and acreages                                                                                                                        TABLE            10: STATE                    RECREATION                             AREAS,                 MARINAS,
                                    of the state natural areas.)                                                                                                                                                                                   AND MISCELLANEOUS AREAS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   DEVELOPED RECREATIONAL FACILITIES/1970
                                                State Marinas                                                                                                                                                                            STATE RECREATION AREAS                                          STATE MARINAS                                      STATE MISCELLANEOUS AREAS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Fecilitiert     North-         Stlit, TOW    North Shore     South Shore MI- Bell Store Total             Nol'thinii      CGn-l        North Shore SO% Toerl
                                                There are presently four state marinas operated by the                                                                                                                  S.inurning                                                                                                                                 Corridor
                                    Division of Parks and Forestry. Two marinas are located in the                                                                                                                      P Manent PoolS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Ft. W ShoWirut
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Acres of Beach
                                    North Shore Region-Forked River (105 berths) in Ocean                                                                                                                               Boating
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        A as
                                    County and Leonardo (200 berths) in Monmouth County; one in                                                                                                                         R trips                                 I               I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Berths                                                             305             384           124            813
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Water Acreage                      1.020           1.020                                                                       144           296                           440
                                    the South Shore Region-Atlantic City (384 berths) in Atlantic                                                                                                                       Fishing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        N . of Fac.
                                    County; and one in the Delawa;e Bay Region - Fortesc ue (124                                                                                                                        W ter Acres                        3.320           3,320                                                                       144                                         144
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Mi. of Shoreline                       2                2
                                    berths) in Cumberland County. (Refer to Table 10.) These                                                                                                                            Faninl'y sites                        50                50
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Hiking                                                                                                                                         25
                                    facilities total 64 acres with the Atlantic City Marina being the                                                                                                                   Miles of Trails                                                                                                                                                              25
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Bicycling
                                    largest at 28 acres. (See Appendix H.)                                                                                                                                              Miles of Trails
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Horseback Riding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Miles of Trai Is
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Hunting
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Acres                              5,000           5.000                                                                                                    115            115
                                                State Historic Sites                                                                                                                                                    Picnicking
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Acres
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        _Tables                               35                35
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Ice Skating
                                                There are presently                                  26 state historic sites in New Jersey.                                                                             Natural At as
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        No of Sites
                                    In addition, there are eight historic areas including Allaire                                                                                                                       Ac@es
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Ice Skating
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Art ificia       I
                                    Village and Batsto Village located in state parks or forests.                                                                                                                       Acres
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Snm Skiing
                                    (See Appendix I for list of state historic sites.)                                                                                                                                  Acres
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Outdoor Gam:s and Sports
                                                The 26 state historic sites which consist                                                                mostly of historic                                             Playgrounrl
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        C)peo Playll elds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        G_ C.-Is
                                    buildings receive over 135,000 visitors annually. These sites                                                                                                                       Go               holes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        G.:::91holes
                                    total 47 acres and are generally about two acres or less in size.                                                                                                                   _Golt@par        3

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               49
<pb n="58" />

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         State Fish and Wildlife Management Areas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  The 60 state fish and wildlife managagement areas which
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            total 128,878 acres occur in all but one region, the Northeast
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Region. Most of the areas are natural and development is re-
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            stricted to the minimum of physical, sanitary and safety con-
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ditions essential for visitors. Hunting and fishing are the primary
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            outdoor activities provided; however some of the areas also
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            provide limited picnicking and boating facilities. (See Table 11).

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Most of the state fish and wildlife management areas are
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            located in the three regions bordering on the Atlantic Ocean
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            and the Delaware Bay. The Delaware Bay Region contains
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            45,897 acres, the North Shore 33,159 acres, and the South
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Shore 30,261 acres. Together they represents 85% of the total
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            fish and wildlife acreage in the State. (Refer to Appendix J for
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            a listing of the state fish and wildlife management areas. Atten-
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            dance figures are not kept by the Division of Fish, Game and
                                                                                                                                                                      Bass River State Forest                               Shellfisheries, and, therefore, annual visitation cannot be de-
                                   TABLE 11: STATE FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT AREAS                                                                                                                                       termined.)
                                               DEVELOPED RECREATIONAL FACILITIES/ 1970

                                   Facilties  Northwest       North Central      Northeast     Central Corridor North  Shore            Southwest       South Share Delaware Bay State Total
                                   Swimming                                                                                                                                                                                             Other State Areas
                                   Permanet Pools
                                   Ft. of Shoreline

                                   Acres of Beach                                                                      2.0                                                                      2.0                               At present, there are two state reservoir sites in the acqui-
                                   Boating
                                   Areas
                                   Ramps                                                                                                                              2                 2                 4
                                   Berths                                                                                                                                                                                 sition stage: Six Mile Run (754 acres have been acquired) in
                                   Water Acreage       30                  40                                  18                446            42            2785                 928            4.289
                                   Fishing                                                                                                                                                                                  the Central Corridor Region and Manasquan (15 acres to date)
                                   No. of Fac.
                                   Water Acres        223                  60                                  is                543              37            3,278              1,161             5,320

                                   Mi. of Shoreline					12.5               5                                                     15               20 .5                                 5                 58                in the North Shore Region. Future plans envision using the
                                   Camping                                                                                                                                                                                                    irs for recreational purposes along with their water
                                   Family Sites                                                                                6                                                                        6                 reservo
                                   Hiking                                15                 2.5                  1                73.5               5.7               21                16                134.7             supply functions. (See Appendix K.)
                                   Bicycling                                                                                                                                                                                     The State presently owns 9,289 acres of recreation land
                                   Horseback Riding
                                   Miles of Trails
                                   Hunting              18                1.5                                                   20.5               2.0                15.5              10                67.5              that       is not classified. The present Delaware and Raritan Canal,
                                   Acres
                                   Picnicking       8,215            5,183                                               31,942              4,267            29,818             45,693          125,118                   operated, maintained and administered by the Division of Water
                                   Acres
                                   Tables                                                                                   15                                                                       is                Resources as a state owned water supply system, together with
                                   Ice Skating
                                   Natural Areas
                                   No. of Sites                                                                                                                                                                            its feeder flows about 60 miles through the Northwest and
                                   Acres
                                   Snow Skiing
                                   Acres                                                                                                                                                                                Central Corridor regions and represents a most valuable re-
                                   Outdoor Games &amp; Sports
                                   Playgrounds                                                                                                                                                                              source in terms of recreational use. The canal proper is used
                                   Open playlaids
                                   Game Courts                                                                                                                                                                             for fishing, boating, and canoeing, while the towpath running
                                   Golf-18 holes
                                   Golf-9 holes                                                                                                                                                                             along the canal bank is used for hiking, bicycling, and horse-
                                   Golf- Par 3

                                                                                                                                                                                                              back riding. (See Table 10 for facilities and Appendix L for

                                                                                                                                                                                                             acreage figures.)
                           50
<pb n="59" />

                       PROPOSED                                                                 Issues), the State will acquire 65,463 acres of potential recrea-
                       The State's programmed acquisitions, totaling 72,819                     tion land. State acquisition is programmed for all eight plan-
                 acres, will expand existing recreation areas and establish new                 ning regions; however, three regions combined will contain over
                 sites. (See Table 7.) On a regional basis, the South Shore Re-                 70% of the total acreage. These regions are the South Shore
                 gion has 22,821 acres programmed and the Northwest Region                      with 22,821 acres, the Northwest with 15,454 acres and the
                 has 16,424 acres planned; together these regions account for                   Southwest with 8,143 acres.
                 nearly 54% of the total state proposed acquisitions. In terms of                     Through the funds authorized by the Water Resources
                 future recreation land supply, the State will provide 437,255                  Bond Act of 1969, the State plans to purchase 7,356 additional
                 acres or 56% of the total.                                                     acres for five reservoir sites. A major portion of the acreage will
                                                                                                be acquired in the Central Corridor Region to complete the
                       At many existing recreation areas, these additions will                  acquisition of the proposed Six Mile Run Reservoir.
                 enable the State to begin or continue recreation facility devel-                     Action on two additional authorized reservoir sites, which
                 opment. While at other areas, the purchase of inholdings and                   would add 6,660 acres to the open space land supplies of the
                 certain lands adjoining the existing property will prevent future              North Central, Northeast and Central Corridor regions, has
                 development which would detract from           the scenic or natural           been deferred indefinitely. For this reason, the acreages of
                 value of the areas.                                                            these sites have not been included in the future recreation
                       Under the Green Acres Programs           (1961 and 1971 Bond             land total.

                 Silas Condict Park, Morris County

                                                                          A
                                                                    -3,

                                                               V`
                                                                                                                          REA TION SUPPLY
                                                                                                COUNTY REC

                                                                                                      County parks are generally much larger than municipal
                                                                                                parks and, consequently, offer a more naturalistic background
                                                                                                for recreation. Although commonly providing facilities similar
                                                                                                to those found in municipal parks such as game courts, sports
                                                                                                fields, and playgrounds, county parks frequently offer opportu-
                                                                                                nities for participation in activities which require larger areas
                                                                                                or more natural settings than most municipal sites possess
                                                                                                such as fishing, boating, golf, camping, and horseback riding.
                                        . .... .i                                                     In 1970, an inventory     of county provided outdoor recrea-
                                                                                                tion  facilities and areas was conducted by mailed question-
                                                                                                naires. All of the State's twenty-one counties responded even
                                                                                                though several reported no      operating park systems. The infor-
                                                                                                mation obtained through         this inventory serves as the data
                              44-1
                                                                                                source in the following discussion of county outdoor recreation
           - LE,

                                                                                                facilities and open space land.

                                                                                                                                                                       51
<pb n="60" />

                                                    EXISTING                                                                                                                                                                                                  TABLE 12: EXISTING AND PROPOSED C
                                                    At present, seventeen of New Jersey's twenty-one coun-                                                                                                                                                                         RECREATION LAND
                                     ties operate county park systems totaling 36,585 acres. These                                                                                                                                                                                 (acres)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Proposed															Proposed
                                     systems range in size from 4 acres in Warren County and 9                                                                                                                                                                                          Recreation Land                                   Total								    Recreation Land			   Total
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Existing       Green Acres programs                              Future						   Existing	  Green Acres Programs		         Future
                                     acres in Atlantic County to 5,319 acres in Essex County. The                                                                                                                                                                    Recreation       1961          19711           Total               Country						  Recreation     1961	    19711       Total	   Country
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Land         															     Land        Bond	    Bond	  Proposed   Recreation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Band            Proposed        Recreation
                                     vast majority of the county acreage (94% or 34,394 acres) is                                                                                                                                                             Region/County        1970                   Issue          Land            Land                Region/Coun
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              NorthWest                                                                                     North Shore
                                     located in the eleven most densely populated counties in New                                                                                                                                                             Hunterdon                                   1,413           1,413           1,413               Monmouth			1,666			     922		922		2,588
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Sussex                                                                                          Ocean(Part of)		  443			     615		615		1,058
                                     Jersey. Except for Hudson County, each of these counties pro-                                                                                                                                                            Warren               4                                                          4               Regional Total		2,109			   1,537	    1,537		3,646
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Regional Total       4                      1,413           1,413           1,417            Southwest
                                     vides at least 1,500 acres of park land. The five highly urban-                                                                                                                                                          North Central                                                                                   Burlington(Part of)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Morris               4.500                  115             115             4,615               Camden			4,000								4,000
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Passaic (Pat of)     293                                                      293               Gloucester		   30								   30
                                     ized counties comprising the Northeast Region provide 16,348                                                                                                                                                             Regional Total       4.793                  115             115             4,908               Regional Total		4,030				 0		  0	      4,030
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Northeast
                                     acres or 45% of the total county land statewide. Cape May                                                                                                                                                                Bergen               4,010                  672             672             4,682            South Shore
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Essex                5,319                                                  5,319               Atlantic			    9				80		 80		   89
                                     County is the only rural county providing more than 1,000 acres                                                                                                                                                          Hudson                612                                                     612               Burlington(Part of)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Passaic(Part of)     1,207                1,027           1,027             2,234               Cape May			1,445								1,445

                                     of county park land. (Refer to Table 12.)                                                                                                                                                                                Union                5,200      2             251             253           5,463               Ocean (Part of)		   95								   95
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Regional Total       16.358     2           1,950           1,952          18,310               Regional Total		1,549				80		 80		1,629
                                                    County park systems vary in their degree of recreation                                                                                                                                                    Central Corridor                                                                             Delaware Day
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Mercer               2.924                                                  2,924               Cumberland 		  165			     871		871		1,036
                                     development, but in general they provide facilities for games                                                                                                                                                            Middlesex            2,500      11          266             277             2,777               Salem
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Somerset             2,153      10          986             966             3,149               Regional Total		  165			     871		871		1,036
                                     and sports, picnicking, hiking, ice skating, boating and fishing.                                                                                                                                                        Regional Total       7,577      21         1,252          1,273             8,850               Stale Totals	     36,585		23	   7,218	    7,241	     43,826
                                     In addition, most county systems include at least one golf                                                                                                                                                               lRepesents estimated acreage which will be acquired under the 1971 Green Acres Bond Issue.
                                     course and many systems offer special facilities such as chil-
                                     dren's zoos and band shells. Several counties offer swimming                                                                                                                                                             TABLE 13: COUNTY DEVELOPED RECREATIONAL FACILITIES
                                     facilities, family and group camping facilities, and snow skiing                                                                                                                                                                              1970
                                     areas. (See Table 13.)                                                                                                                                                                                                   Facilities           Northwest       North Central          Northeast        Central Corridor   North Shore    Southwest	South Shore    Delaware Bay	   State Total
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Swimming

                                                    In general, county parks located in the highly urbanized                                                                                                                                                  Permanent Pools                                                                 3						      4								7
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Ft. of Shoreline                                                            700              400       3,450      1,200							  5,750
                                     Northeast Region are more intensively developed for recrea-                                                                                                                                                              Acres of Beach                                                              7															7
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Boating
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Areas                                                                        1							4								5
                                     tion than those situated in the less densely populated regions                                                                                                                                                           Ramps                                               2                        3                 5           1          1							     12
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Berths																			1								1
                                     of the State. The majority of the developed county recreation                                                                                                                                                            Water Acreage
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Fishing
                                     facilities for outdoor games and sports are provided by the                                                                                                                                                              No. of Fac.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Water Acres                                        20                      309                10          70									    409
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Mi. of Shoreline                                    1                       25                 4			     50							     80
                                     five counties in the Northeast Region.                                                                                                                                                                                   Camping
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Family Sites                                       12                       19                            43									     74
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Hiking
                                                    PROPOSED                                                                                                                                                                                                  Miles of Trails                                    12                       82.5              50          40        360							    544.5
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Bicycling
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Mile. of Trails                                                              2															2
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Horseback Riding
                                                    Fourteen counties have identified 7,241 acres as potential                                                                                                                                                Miles of Trails                                     1                       47                 7											     55
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Hunting
                                     county recreation land and have made application for financial                                                                                                                                                           Acres
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Picnicking
                                     assistance under the Green Acres Programs to acquire this                                                                                                                                                                Acres
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Tables                                            100                    3,641               765         752	      40		50					  5,348
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Ice Skating
                                     acreage. When acquisition of the potential county park land is                                                                                                                                                           Natural Areas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              No. of Sites
																																										  Acres
                                     completed, the county park land total will be increased by 20%                                                                                                                                                           Ice Skating                                        10                      178                29          97       1,200		 5					  1,519
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Artificial
                                     to 43,826 acres. With this addition, fourteen counties will each                                                                                                                                                         Acres                                                                        1.0															1.0
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Snow Skiing
                                     provide over 1,000 acres of park land and ten of these counties                                                                                                                                                          Acres                                                                       28                 27          2									     57
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Outdoor Games &amp; Sports

                                     will each provide over 2,000 acres.                                                                                                                                                                                      Playgrounds                                         1                       97                  6          2		3		1					    110
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Open Playfields                                     4                      212                 27         10		5		1					    259
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Game Courts                                                                447                 83         20	     26	     11					    587
                                                    The most significant county park additions will be made by                                                                                                                                                Golf - 18 Holes                                     1                        9                  5          1          1							     17
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Golf - 9 holes                                      1                        1			  1												3
                                     Hunterdon (1,413 acres), Passaic (1,027 acres), Somerset                                                                                                                                                                 Golf - Par 3                                                                 2                  1                     9							     12

                                     52
<pb n="61" />

                (996 acres), and Monmouth (922 acres) counties. On a region-
                al basis, county park land will be increased by 1,952 acres in
                the Northeast Region, 1,537 acres in the North Shore Region
                and  1,413 acres in the Northwest Region.                                    W I
                      In the future, county park land will still be centered in the
                more urbanized regions-the North Central, Northeast, Central
                Corridor and Southwest. These four regions will account for
                80% (36,098 acres) of the total county park land. The North-
                east Region will still rank first in total county park land with
                18,310 acres; however, the region's proportion of the total
                future county recreation land will decline from the present 45%
                to 42%. The Central Corridor Region will rank second with
                8,850 county park acres and the North Central will rank third
                with 4,908 acres.
                                                                                             Van Saun Park, Bergen County

                MUNICIPAL RECREATION SUPPLY                                                  47% of the State's population resides in this region. The least
                                                                                             amount of municipal park land (347 acres) is found in the
                     During the latter portion of 1968, a municipal outdoor                  Northwest Region. The proximity of state parks and forests and
                recreation facility inventory was conducted by sending ques-                 the rural nature of the region probably account for this low fig-
                tionnaires to each of the 567 municipalities in New Jersey.                  ure. Municipalities in the ocean fronting and the lake regions
                A series of three questionnaires resulted in 85.7% (486) of the              have developed extensive water-oriented facilities. There are
                municipalities responding. Since the majority of the municipal-              449,342 feet of municipally owned lake or ocean shoreline
                ities not responding were small rural communities that provide               developed for swimming. Of this total, 62% is provided by
                few recreation facilities, the results of the inventory were con-            municipalities in the South Shore Region and 23% in the North
                sidered to represent about 95% of the municipally provided                   Shore Region. Municipalities in the two highly urbanized
                outdoor recreation facilities. By incorporating the results of a             regions, the Northeast and Central Corridor, provide 54 and 18
                1971 outdoor recreation facility inventory of municipalities with            swimming pools, respectively, or, combined, 64% of the total
                populations over 25,000 or with population densities greater                 pools provided by municipalities in the State.
                than 5,000 people per square mile, and referring to municipal                     There are 3,941 municipal boating berths in the State. The
                master plans and other materials available, the 1968 inventory               majority (3,869) are in the North Shore and South Shore re-
                was updated to 1970 for use in this report.                                  gions. In the remaining six regions, municipalities provide only
                     EXISTING                                                                72 berths. Municipalities provide 74% (649 miles) of New
                                                                                             Jersey's fishing shoreline. The two shore regions supply 47%
                     In the eight regions, municipally provided recreation land              of this total municipal shoreline.
                totaled 17,187 acres. (See Table 14.) In the Northeast Region                     The majority of New Jersey's facilities for games and
                the municipalities provide the highest regional recreation land              sports are provided by municipalities. There are 1,485 munici-
                total, 5,375 acres; however, this land accounts for only 31% of              pal playgrounds, 3,045 playfields and 3,044 game courts. In
                the total recreation land provided at the municipal level, while             addition, municipalities operate five 18-hole regulation golf

                                                                                                                                                                  53
<pb n="62" />

                                            courses, three regulation 9-hole courses, and three Par 3                                                                                                                                             TABLE 15: MUNICIPAL DEVELOPED
                                            courses. On a regional basis, the Northeast Region has the                                                                                                                                                      RECREATIONAL FACILITIES
                                            .greatest number of municipal game and sports facilities and                                                                                                                                                    1970
                                            the Central Corridor Region ranks second in the number of fa-
                                            cilities.
                                                      Other recreation facilities provided by municipalities in-                                                                                                                                         Facilities               Northwest North Central     Northeast    Central Corridor North Shore	South west	South Shore	  Delaware Bay	State Total
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Swimming
                                            clude picnic sites and ice skating. Statewide, municipalities                                                                                                                                         Permanent Pools                          5          3           54              18             6			11							97
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Ft. of Shoreline                     1,918     16,659        2,450           8,552       104,427            18,680       278,440       18,216        449,342
                                            provide 3,077 picnic tables and 2,638 acres of takes for ice                                                                                                                                          Acres of Beach
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Boating
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Areas                                   11          2            4              30            15			12		10		    3			87
                                            skating. Nearly half of the municipally provided picnic tables                                                                                                                                        Ramps                                    3          2            3               9            32					33		    9			91
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Berths                                                          20                         2,636			 7	   1,233		   45          3,941
                                            are located in the Northeast Region. Municipalities in the                                                                                                                                            Water Acreage																	 7							 7
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Fishing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  No. of Fac.
                                            Delaware Bay Region provide 1,574 acres of water for ice                                                                                                                                              Water Acres
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Mi. of Shoreline                        35        132           48              21           143			79	     164		   27		     649
                                            skating. (See Table 15.)                                                                                                                                                                              Camping
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Family Sites
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Hiking
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Miles of Trails                          2          2            5               4           110			 7		 8		    1		     139
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Bicycling
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Miles of Trails                                     4            4               3             6			 1	      28		    1 		47
                                                      PROPOSED                                                                                                                                                                                    Horseback Riding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Miles of Trail                                                   1                            15					12					28
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Hunting
                                                 The municipalities of New Jersey have submitted applica-                                                                                                                                         Acres
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Picnicking
                                            tions for financial assistance under the Green Acres Programs                                                                                                                                         Acres                                                           13															13
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Tables                                 151         52        1,450             470           339		     178  	     276		  161		   3,077
                                            for the acquisition of 10,874 acres of recreation land. In the                                                                                                                                        Ice Skating
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Natural Areas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  No. of Sites
                                            North Central Region 2,992 acres are proposed for acquisition                                                                                                                                         Acres                                   33        243          259             277            40                82         130          1,574          2,638
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Ice Skating
                                            by municipalities, in the North Shore Region 2,474 acres, in the                                                                                                                                      Artificial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Acres 										 3
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Snow Skiing
                                            Central Corridor Region 1,755 acres, and in the Northwest                                                                                                                                             Acres
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Outdoor Games &amp; Sports
                                            Region 1,283 acres. In the Delaware Bay Region municipali-                                                                                                                                            Playgrounds                             73         83          618             281            121              187          86             36          1,485
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Open Playfields                         90        225        1,204             588            268              450         143             77          3,045
                                            ties have proposed acquiring only 113 acres. (Refer to Table                                                                                                                                          Game Courts                             66        231        1,315             527            217              415         202             71          3,044
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Golf-18 holes                                                    2               1              2                           					 5
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Golf-9 holes                                                     1                              1                1							 3
                                            14.)                                                                                                                                                                                                  Golf-Par 3									 2										 1					 3

                                            TABLE 14: EXISTING AND PRO-
                                                      POSED MUNICIPAL
                                                      RECREATION LAND
                                                      (acres)

                                                                                            proposed R motion Land
                                                                                            Green Acres program
                                                                     Existing                                                   Total
                                                                     Recreation         1961      19711         Total          Future
                                                                         Land            Bond      BOnd          Proposed    Municipal
                                                                         1970            Issue     Issue         Land         Rec. Land

                                            Nortwest                         347                    1,283         1,283          1,630
                                            North Central                  1,605            11      2,981         2,992          1,597
                                            Northeast                      5,375             6        690           696          6,071
                                            Central Corridor               4,151           194      1,561         1,755          5,906
                                            North Shore                    1,310           217      2,257         2,474          3,784
                                            Southwest                      1,384            49        674           723          2,107
                                            South Shore                    1,110            11        827           838          1,948
                                            Delaware Bay                   1,905                      113           113          2,018
                                            State Total                   17,187           488     10,386        10,874         28,061

                                            'Represents estimated acreage which will be acquired under the 1971 Green
                                            Acres Bond Issue.
                                                                                                                                                             Plainfield Portable Pools

                                            54
<pb n="63" />

                    With the addition of the proposed acquisitions, municipally        undertaken. The results of this examination indicated the 1966
                provided recreation land will total 28,061 acres. Though the           survey was 90-95% accurate for 1970. However, for certain
                Northeast Region will have the greatest quantity of municipal          facility categories in which substantial changes have occurred,
                land (6,071 acres), it will also have the fewest acres per 1,000       supplemental inventories were conducted to update data on
                population of the State's planning regions. The Central Cor-           private campsites, snow skiing areas, and hiking and equestri-
                ridor Region will have the second highest regional total with          an trails.
                5,906 acres.

                                                                                             EXISTING
                COMMERICAL9 PRIVATE AND                                                      Of the 1,835 facilities inventoried in the original survey,
                QUASI-PUBLIC OUTDOOR                                                   47% were private limited or restricted membership facilities,
                RECREATION FACILITIES                                                  45% were commercial areas open to the public, and 8% were
                                                                                       quasi-public facilities associated with a non-profit group or
                                                                                       organization. The private facilities surveyed totaled 178,581
                    During the latter portion of 1966, an inventory of recreation      acres and included 17,360 acres of water surface. (See Table
                facilities provided by the private sector was conducted through        16.)
                a joint effort by the United States Soil Conservation Service and            In terms of land and water area, the Northwest Region
                the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (at              contained 64,943 acres of private recreation areas, 36.4% of
                the time of the survey titled the Department of Conservation and       the State's total. The North Central Region ranked next with
                Economic Development). Field representatives attempted to              38,238 acres or 21.4% followed by the South Shore Region with
                visit each facility; at some areas, however, the owners or mana-       19,886 acres or 11.1% and the Southwest Region with 18,094
                gers were absent and the representative could not obtain the           acres or 10.1%. The Delaware Bay Region contains only 5,332
                inventory data.                                                        acres or 3% of the State's total private recreation areas, the
                    Since 1966, changes have inevitably occurred in the sup-           lowest of the eight study regions.
                ply of private facilities. In an effort to evaluate the magnitude            The estimated annual attendance at private facilities is
                of these changes, a cursory survey of      private facilities was      25  million visitors. The highest annual attendance in  the State

                TABLE 16: EXISTING PRIVATE
                                                                                            Iles,
                             SECTOR LAND SUPPLY
                             1970
                                                                                                          i  A          4J,           h
                                                                                                              Ile
                             Numberof Facilities
                                 P lv'te                                                         -row
                                RIZricted       Total
                         C,mhel or Limited  Qwsl- Area
                Regloh          Membership  Public  Total (Acres)
                                                                               !4t
                N nh...t     69  102     31 211 r4.943                                       41"q, all
                Nwh Central  79  127     13 248 38,238
                North W      89          13 281 11.82?
                                 156
                Central G rridor 43 75   25 149 1I.M
                Norlh Shore  19  @37     41 421 8,418
                U            2
                Shwo.1       75  02      14 207 @8.0
                South Shore  is  32      4  206 9.886
                Delaw a Bay  43  49      15 112 5.332     ;r@
                  a

                State Totals 748 780     126  1.835 178.581
                                                                                                 A                                ,4

                                                                                                                                                        55
<pb n="64" />

                                           occurs in the South Shore and North Shore regions due mainly                                                                                                                                                 Supply of Developed Outdoor
                                           to highly developed water-oriented facilities.
                                               The private sector provides significant quantities of facili-                                                                                                                                            Recreation Facilites
                                           ties for a number of outdoor recreation activities. Statewide,
                                           the private sector provides 82% of the permanent swimming
                                           pools (475 pools), 23% of the developed shoreline (139,100                                                                                                                                                       In order to examine recreation facilities in terms of the
                                           feet of shoreline), 86% of the boating berths (29,823 berths),                                                                                                                                               number of people accommodated, the supply data for each
                                           54% of the hiking trails (1,648 miles), 36% of the equestrian                                                                                                                                                activity was converted to daily capacities. This was achieved
                                           trails (332 miles), and 16% of the hunting acreage (60,990                                                                                                                                                   by applying recreation standards that designated the optimum
                                           acres). In addition, the private sector provides ninety-eight                                                                                                                                                number of people a given recreation facility can satisfactorily
                                           18-hole regulation golf courses, thirty-six 9-hole golf courses                                                                                                                                              and effectively accommodate on a given day. The capacity
                                           and thirty Par 3 courses, 7 snow skiing areas with 620 acres of                                                                                                                                              standards for each of the twelve recreation activities were
                                           slopes, 2,264 acres of picnic areas and 587 game courts. (See                                                                                                                                                chosen with the consideration of the nature of recreation in
                                           Table 17.)                                                                                                                                                                                                   New Jersey. A more detailed description of the derivation of

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        TABLE 18: NEW JERSEY'S SUPPLY
                                           TABLE 17: PRIVATE DEVELOPED                                                                                                                                                                                            OF DEVELOPED RECREATI
                                                     RECREATIONAL FACILITIES                                                                                                                                                                                      JURISDICTIONAL ANALYSIS
                                                     1970                                                                                                                                                                                                         1970

                             Facilities          Northwest     North Central     Northeast      Central        North Shore       Southwest       South Shore      Delaware Bay         State Total
                                                                                                Corridor
                       Swimming
                       Permanent Pools              31                 81            125             80              66               54                11               27                  475

                       Ft. of Shoreline         22,200             26,915         17,385          1,300          34,900           15,400            17,300            3,700              139,100
                       Acres of Beach

                       Boating
                       Areas
                       Ramps
                       Berths                    1,088              3,750          2,728            565           9,557            2,547              8,442           1,146               29,823
                       Water Acreage
                       Fishing
                       No.of Fac.                   91                 68             16              9              86               40                 51              18                  379
                       Water Acres
                       mi. of Shoreline
                       Camping
                       Family sites              2,611                438            331             78             290              387              5,149             390                9,674
                       Hiking
                       Miles of Trails             478                663            231            109              71               80                 58               8                1,698
                       Bicycling
                       Miles of trails
                       Horseback Riding
                       Miles of Trails             126                 29             23             59              56               34                                  5                  332
                       Hunting
                       Acres                    30,053             14,815              2          1,034           2,171            2,591             10,120             204               60,990
                       Picnicking
                       Acres                       288                484            258            842              85              195                112                                2,264
                       Tables
                       Ice Skating
                       Natural Areas
                       No. of Sites                 65                 37             14              5              16               17                  7               5                  166
                       Acres
                       Iceskating
                       Artificial
                       Acres
                       Snow Skiing
                       Acres                       326                147                            14               16             117                                                     620
                   Outdoor Games and Sports
                       Playground
                       Open Playfields
                       Game Courts                  59                 90            252             97               42              39                  2                6                 587
                       Golf-18 holes                 7                  8             32             11               14              18                  8                2                  98
                       Golf-9 holes                  5                  5             10              2                2               5                  5                2                  36
                       Golf-Par 3                    2                  8              7                               3               4                  5                1                  30

                                           56
  	Facilities			Municipal 	County	State		State		State F&amp;W		State Recrea-	State		State		Inter-	Federal	Private	State Totals
									Parks		Forests	Mgt. Areas		tion Areas		Marinas	Misc.Areas	state

Swimming
 Permanent Pools				97	    7																		      1	    475	      580
 Ft. of Shoreline			 449,342    5,750         600            													          250	139,100	  592,042
 Acres of Beach					    7		   55.5	     8             2																 72.5
Boating
 Areas					87	    5																							 92
 Ramps					91	   12		                 2             4                 1                                      1             2    				113
 Berths				   3,941	    1           										  813				  252				 29,823	   34,830
 Water Acreage				 7			1,550		   225	   4,289		   1,020				  440				  4,200			   11,731
Fishing
 No.of Fac.																										    379		379
 Water Acres					  409		1,677		   301	   5,320		   3,320 				  144				  4,440			   15,611
 Mi.of Shoreline			     649	   80		   36		     7  		58			 2						   12		     30.65				873.65
Camping
 Family Sites					   74		  357		   665		 6			50								     30	  9,674        10,856
Hiking
 Miles of Trails			     139	  544.5	   87.7        417.5         134.7							   25	  	   33		     54.9	  1,698	    3,134.3
Bicycling
 Miles of Trails				47	    2																							 49
Horseback Riding
 Miles of Trails				28       55          30		   393		67.5											     12.8	    332		918.3
Hunting
 Acres							     13,156	     162,918	  125,118		   5,000				  115				 13,205	 60,990	  380,502
Picnicking
 Acres					13								15													  2,264	    2,292
 Tables				   3,077    5,348		2,158		   642					35						  500		     74			   11,834
Ice Skating
Natural Areas
 No.of Sites																									    166	      166
 Acres				   2,638	1,519		   45		    20											    1			6			    4,229
Ice Skating
Artificial
 Acres					  .3	    1.0																						  1.3
Snow Skiing
 Acres						   57																				    620		677
Outdoor Games and Sports
 Playgrounds			   1,485	  110          19		     7  											    1						    1,622
 Open Playfields			   3,045	  259		   26		     8													     15			    3,353
 Game Courts			   3,044	  587																				    587	    4,218
 Golf-18 holes				 5	   17									   											     98		120
 Golf-9 holes				 3	    3												     								     36		 42
 Golf-Par 3					 3	   12													    							     30		 45

*State Fish and Wildlife Management Areas
<pb n="65" />

                                              each activity's capacity standards will be given in the Needs                                                                                                                                                       private sector, with 475 pools and 139,100 feet of shoreline
                                              Chapter of this plan.                                                                                                                                                                                               accommodating 541,825 people, combined provide 97% of the
                                                           The following discussion considers by ownership and                                                                                                                                                    State's total swimming capacity. The 600 feet of shoreline and
                                              regional location what facilities are provided for the twelve                                                                                                                                                       65.5 acres of beach provided at state recreation areas accom-
                                              activities under consideration. (See Tables 18 and 19.) A                                                                                                                                                           modate 29,693 people. In the two regions bordering the Atlantic
                                              thorough analysis of the supply of developed outdoor recreation                                                                                                                                                     Ocean-the North Shore (Table 24) and South Shore (Table
                                              facilities on a regional basis is undertaken in the Needs Chap-                                                                                                                                                     26)-there are 83 pools, 438,517 feet of shoreline, and 42
                                              ter. In Tables 20 through 27, the supply data for the State's                                                                                                                                                       acres of beach representing 60% of the State's swimming
                                              eight regions are presented.                                                                                                                                                                                        capacity. The major contributors in both of these regions are
                                                           At present, New Jersey's developed swimming facilities                                                                                                                                                 the municipalities which provide 6 pools and 382,867 feet of
                                              consist of 580 pools, 595,042 feet of shoreline, and 72.5 acres                                                                                                                                                     shoreline accommodating 768,964 people daily. The swimming
                                              of beach, that can accommodate a daily capacity of over                                                                                                                                                             facilities provided by the private sector in the two regions con-
                                              1,500,000 people. Municipalities, with 97 pools and 449,342                                                                                                                                                         sists of 77 pools and 52,200 feet of shoreline and can accom-
                                              feet of shoreline accommodating 952,519 people daily, and the                                                                                                                                                       modate an additional 147,105 people. At present, 10% of New

                                              TABLE 19:                          NEW JERSEY'S SUPPLY OF DEVELOPED REC-
                                                                                 REATIONAL FACILITIES REGIONAL ANALYSIS

                                      Facilities			Municipal	    County       State Parks      State Forest     State F&amp;W  State Recre-       State          Federal        Private       Region Total
                                                                                                                                 Mgt. Areas  ation Areas    Misc. Areas

                                      Swimming

                                      Permanent Pool                    5 					                                                                             1              31               37
                                      Ft.of Shoreline               1,918                                                                                                        250          22,200           24,368
                                      Acres of Beach                                                    6                 3                                                                                         9
                                      Boating
                                      Areas                            11                                                                                                                                          11

                                      Ramps                             3                                                 2                          1                              1                               7
                                      Berths                                                                                                                                                   1,088            1,088
                                      Water Acreage                                                 1,303                10            30        1,020           144                                            2,507
                                      Fishing
                                      No.of Fac.                                                                                                                                                  91               91
                                                                                                    1,303               143           223        3,320           144              240                           5,373
                                      Water Acres
                                      Mi.of Shoreline                  35                               4.5               5            12.5
                                                                                                                                                      2                             29.7                           88.7
                                      Camping
                                      Family Sites                                                    190               198                          50                             30         2,611            3,079
                                      Hiking
                                      Miles of Trails                   2                              23.4              40.3          15                                           31           478              589.7
                                      Bicycling
                                      miles Of Trails
                                      Horseback Riding
                                      Miles of Trails                                                  20                38            18                                            4.4         126              206.4
                                      Hunting
                                      Acres                                                         7,850            13,340         8,215         5,000                          7,570        30,053           72,028
                                      Picnicking
                                      Acres                                                                                                                                                     288               288
                                      Tables                          151                             564               108                          35                             50                            908
                                      Ice Skating
                                      Natural Areas
                                      No. of Sites                                                                                                                                               65                65
                                      Acres                            33                              15                15                                                          6                             69
                                      Ice skating
                                      Artificial
                                      Acres
                                      Snow Skiing
                                      Acres                                                                                                                                                     326               326
                                      Outdoor Games and Spirals
                                      Playgrounds                      73                                7                3                                                                                        83
                                      Game Courts                      66                                                                                                                        59               125
                                      Golf-18 holes                                                                                                                                               7                 7
                                      Golf-9 holes                                                                                                                                                5                 5
                                      Golf-Par 3                                                                                                                                                  2                 2

                                      *State Fish and Wildlife Management Areas

TABLE 20: NORTHWEST REGION
	    DEVELOPED RECREATIONAL FACILITIES
	    1970

	Facilities			Northwest	North Central	Northeast	Central	North Shore	   Southwest	South Shore		Delaware Bay	State Total
												Corridor
Swimming
Permanent Pools				37		  84		    182	     98		72		    69		11			  27			680
Ft.of Shoreline			  24,368	    44,174		 20,535      10,252      142,777	      35,280	 295,740		    21,916		  595,042
Acres of Beach				 9		   5.5		7           3	      39		     2		 3			   4			 72.5
Boating
Areas						11		   2			5	     30 		15		    16		10			   3			 92
Ramps						 7		   4			7	     14		33		     1		36			  11			113
Berths				   1,088	     3,750		  3,000	    565	  12,498		 2,555	  10,059		     1,315		   34,830
Water Acreage			   2,507		 197   			    314	   2,446		    49	   5,200		     1,018		   11,731
Fishing
No.of Fac.					91		  68		     16	      9		86		    40		51			  18		      379
Water Acres				   5,373		 320		    344	     37	   2,613		    37	   5,636		     1,251		   15,611
Mi.of Shorelin				88.7		 144.3	     85	     25	     181		   149.5	     167.75			  32.4		873.85
Camping
Family Sites			   3,079		 450		    350	    131	     396		   492	   5,511			 447		   10,856
Hiking
Miles of Trails			     589.7		 754.2	    351.5	    198.7	     317.6		   612.7	     275.9			  34		    3,134.3
Bicycling
Miles of Trails						   4			6           3		 6		     1		28			   1			 49
Horseback Riding
Miles of Trails			     206.4		  39.9	     71	     71 	     106.5		   193	     215.5		  	  15			918.3
Hunting
Acres					  72,028	    27,699		    907	  1,034       43,537		65,838 	 121,404		    48,055		  380,502
Picnicking
Acres					     288		 464		    271	    842	     100		   195	     112					    2,292
Tables				     908		 901		  5,591 	  1,760	   1,243		   313	     765			 353		   11,834
Ice Skating
Natural Areas
No.of Sites					65		  37		     14		5		16		    17		 7			   5			166
Acres						69		 277 		    438 	    306	     137		 1,237	     135		     1,580		    4,229
Ice Skating
Artificial
Acres										      1.3							   								  1.3
Snow Skiing
Acres					     326		 147		     28	     41		18		   117    		 						677
Outdoor Games and Sports
Playgrounds					83		  89		    716	    291	     124		   190		91			  38		    1,622
Open Playfields			     110		 237 		  1,416	    623	     279		   455	     148			  85		    3,353
Game Courts                        125		 321		  2,014	    707	     279		   480	     215			  77		    4,218
Golf-18 holes				 7		   9		     43	     17		17		    17	       8			   2			120
Golf-9 holes				 5		   6		     12	      3		 3		     6		 5			   2			 42
Golf-Par3					 2		   8		     11		1		 3		    13		 6			   1			 45

57
<pb n="66" />

                                                Jersey's swimming capacity is provided in the densely popu-                                                                                                                                         state fishing capacity. Forty percent of the total fishing capacity
                                                lated Northeast Region (Table 22). Of the Northeast Region's                                                                                                                                        is provided by the State while municipalities provide 35%.
                                                total swimming capacity of 145,125 people, 72% is provided                                                                                                                                                    Statewide there are 10,856 campsite campsited that can accommo-
                                                by the private sector.                                                                                                                                                                              date 43,424 persons daily. Over three-fourths of the camping
                                                        As with swimming, the North Shore and South Shore domi-                                                                                                                                     facilities are located in the South Shore and Northwest regions
                                                nate the New Jersey regions in the supply of facilities for the                                                                                                                                     with capacities of 22,044 and 12,316 persons, respectively.
                                                related water-oriented outdoor recreation activities of boating                                                                                                                                     The 9,674 campsites provided by the private sector account for
                                                and fishing. Sixty-four percent of New Jersey's total boating                                                                                                                                       89% of the total, camping capacity while the 1,078 campsites
                                                capacity of 132,541 people is provided in these two shore                                                                                                                                           provided by the State account for 10% of the total capacity
                                                regions; and the private sector, the supplier of 64% of the                                                                                                                                                   For the backwoods oriented activities of hiking, horseback
                                                boating accommodations throughout the State, is the primary                                                                                                                                         riding and hunting, the state level and the private sector are the
                                                contributor in these regions. Three regions containing an                                                                                                                                           primary suppliers of facilities. Of New Jerseys's 3,134 miles of
                                                abundance of water areas-the Northwest (Table 20), North                                                                                                                       hiking trails, the private sector provides 54% and the State
                                                Shore and South Shore-combined provide 68% of the total                                                                                                                        21%. The third major contributor of hiking trails in the county

                         TABLE 21: NORTH CENTRAL REGION                                                                                                                                                                      TABLE 22: NORTHEAST REGION
                        DEVELOPED RECREATIONAL FACILITIES                                                                                                                                                              DEVELOPED RECREATIONAL FACILITIES
                                   1970                                                                                                                                                                                            1970

         Facilities            Municipal            County           State Parks         State Forests       State F &amp; W             Federal              Private           Region Total                      Facilities                 Municipal           County             State            State          Stake F&amp;W    Inter   Federal    Private    Region
                                                                                                                                                     Mgt. Areas                                                                                                                 Parks            Forest         Mgt. Area    State					Total

      Swimming                                                                                                                                                                                           Swimming
      Permanent Pools                3                                                                                                                        81                 84                      Permanent Pools                         54                3														125		182
      Ft. of Shoreline           16659                                      600                                                                          26,915             44.1745                      Ft. of Shoreline                      2.450             700													     17,385		20,535
      Acres of Beach                                                       5.5                                                                                                    5.5                    Acres of Beech                                           7
      Boating                                                                                                                                                                                            Boating																									5
      Areas                          2                                                                                                                                            2                       Areas                                   4                 1										1						7
      Ramps                          2                 2                                                                                                                          4                       Ramps                                  3                 3									    252				2,778 	3,000
      Beths                                                                                                                                             3.750                   3,750                     Berths                                  20
      Water Acreage                                                        157                                     40                                                             197                     Water Acreage
      Fishing                                                                                                                                                                                            Fishing
      No. ofFac.                                                                                                                                            68                 68                         No. of Fac.
      Water Acres                                     20                  240                                     60                                                             320                      Water Acres                                               309          35														344																344
      MI of Shoreline               132                1                  4.6                1                     5                   .7                                        144.3                    Mi. of Shoreline                         48                25										12						 85
      Camping                                                                                                                                                                                             Camping
      Family Sites                                     12                                                                                                   438                450                       Family Sites                                              19														331		350
      Hiking                                                                                                                                                                                              Hiking
      Miles of Trails                2                 12                  31                19.8                   2.5              23.9                      663                754.2                   Miles of Trails                         5                 82.5									33				231		351.5
      Bicycling                                                                                                                                                                                          Bicycling
      Miles of Trails                4                                                                                                                                            4                       Miles of Trails                         4                 2																8
      Horseback Riding                                                                                                                                                                                     Horseback Riding
      Miles of Trails                                   1                                                            1.5                8.4                     29                 39.9                    Miles of Trails                       1                 47														23		71
      Hunting                                                                                                                                                                                             Hunting
      Acres                                                                3,551              4,150                  5,183                                    14,815             27,699                     Acres                                                                 905											2		907
      Picnicking                                                                                                                                                                                          Picnicking
      Acres                                                                                                                                                    484                484                       Areas                                   13																258		271
      Tables                         52                100                 725                                                      24                                            901                       Tables                           1.450           3.641										500						5,591
      Ice Skating                                                                                                                                                                                        Ice Skating
      Natural Areas                                                                                                                                                                                      Natural Areas																						14		14
      No. of Sites                                                                                                                                             37                 37                      No. of Sites
      Acres				       243               10                   24                                                                                                     277                     Acres                                   259               178							           	1						438
      Ice Skating                                                                                                                                                                                         Ice Skating
      Artificial                                                                                                                                                                                          Artificial
      Acres                                                                                                                                                                                               Acres                                   .3                1.0																1.3
      Snow Skiing                                                                                                                                                                                         Ice Skiing
      Acres                                                                                                                                                    147                147                       Acres                                                   28																28
      Outdoor Games and Sports                                                                                                                                                                            Outdoor Games &amp; Sports
      Playgrounds                     83                1                   5                                                                                                      89                       Playgrounds                             618             97										1						718
      0pen Playfields                 225               4                   3                                                          5                                           237                     Open Playfields                         1,204            212															     1,416
      Game Courts                     231                                                                                                                        90    		     321                     Game Courts                             1,315            447														252        2,014														1,416
      Golf 18 holes                                     1                                                                                                         8                   9                    Golf - 18 holes                             2               9													 32		43
      Golf 9 holes   						  1	                                                                                                      5                   6                    Golf - 9 holes                              1               1                                            						 10		12
      Golf Par 3																									8			  8			     Golf - Par 3						  2		     2													 7		11

						State Fish and Wildlife Management Areas																						*State Fish and Wildlife Management Areas
<pb n="67" />

                                                    level with 544 miles of trails, 17% of the State's total mileage.                                                                                                                                                                    At the present time, municipalities provide 47 of the 49
                                                    Sixty-two percent of the State's total hiking capacity of 50,148                                                                                                                                                           miles of designated bicycle trails in New Jersey. Fifty-seven
                                                    persons is provided in three regions: the North Central (Table                                                                                                                                                             percent of the State's total bicycling capacity of 882 people is
                                                    21), Southwest (Table 25), and Northwest regions.                                                                                                                                                                          provided in one region, the South Shore. Nearly all bicycling
                                                              Nearly 90% of New Jersey's equestrian trails (918 miles)                                                                                                                                                         takes place on municipal streets and county roads because the
                                                    is provided in state administered areas and privately owned                                                                                                                                                                minuscule supply of designated bicycle trails is grossly inade-
                                                    lands. Three regions-the South Shore, Northwest and South-                                                                                                                                                                 quate. Bicyclists using public thoroughfares are constantly
                                                    west -collectively have 62% of the State's total horseback                                                                                                                                                                 exposed to the dangers associated with automobile traffic that
                                                    riding daily capacity of 11,020 persons.                                                                                                                                                                                   would not be present on designated trails.
                                                             State administered lands account for 80% of the 380,502                                                                                                                                                                     The two urbanized regions of New Jersey-the Northeast
                                                    acres of land opened for hunting in New Jersey. Hunting areas                                                                                                                                                              and the Central Corridor (Table 23) -account for very low pro-
                                                    in the South Shore, Northwest and Southwest regions account                                                                                                                                                                portions of the total state facility capacities for camping, hiking
                                                    for 32%, 19% and 17%, respectively, of the State's total hunting                                                                                                                                                           horseback riding and hunting. These activities require relatively
                                                    capacity of 76,101 persons.                                                                                                                                                                                                large expanses of undeveloped land, a scarce commodity in

TABLE 23: CENTRAL CORRIDOR REGION
	    DEVELOPED RECREATOINAL FACILITIES
	    1970

		Facilities		Municipal		County	State		State		State F&amp;W		State		Federal	Private	Region
										Parks		Forest	Mgt. Areas	   Misc. Areas					 Total
Swimming
 Permanent Pools			18															       80		98
 Ft. of Shoreline		   8,552			400											     		1,300	   10,252
 Acres of Beach								3													3
Boating
 Areas				30																		30
 Ramps				 9			5															14
 Berths																				     	      565
 Water Acreage													18		296						314
Fishing
 No. Of Fac.																			9		9
 Water Acres						10		9					18								37
 Mi. of Shoreline			21			4															25
Camping
 Family Sites								53											78		131
Hiking
 Miles of Trails			4			50		9.7					1		25				109		198.7
Bicycling
 Miles of Trails			3																		3
Horseback Riding
 Miles of Trails						7		5.0											59		71
Hunting
 Acres																			   1,034		1,034
Picnicking
 Acres																			     842		842
 Tables				470			765		525													1,760
Ice Skating
Natural Areas
 No. of Sites																			5		5
 Acres				277			29															306
Ice Skating
Artificial
 Acres
Snow Sking
 Acres							27													14		41
Outdoor Games &amp; Sports
 Playgrounds			281			6		4													291
 Open Playfields			588			27		8													623
 Game Courts			527			83													97		707
 Golf - 18 holes			  1			 5													11		 17
 Golf - 9 holes						 1													 2		  3
 Golf - Par 3						 1															  1

* State Fish and Wildlife Management Areas

Table 24: NORTH SHORE REGION
	    DEVELOPED RECREATIONAL FACILITIES
	    1970
			Facilities		Municipal		County	State		State		State F&amp;W	State           State		Federal	Private	Region
				     						    	Parks		Forest	Mgt. Areas	 Marinas     Misc. Areas					 Total
Swimming
 Permanent Pools				6															 			66			72																												       80		98
 Ft. of Shoreline		   	104,427			3,450													 	  34,900		 142,777
 Acres of Beach									37					2.0											39
Boating
 Areas				15																						15
 Ramps				32			 	1																		33
 Berths				2,638																			9,557	 	  12,498
 Water Acreage														446						2,000       2,446
Fishing
 No. Of Fac.																						86																																													9		9
 Water Acres							70							543						2,000				    2,613
 Mi. of Shoreline			143						23					 15											181
Camping
 Family Sites							43		57					  6								290			396
Hiking
 Miles of Trails			110				40		13.1			10		73.5								71			317.6
Bicycling
 Miles of Trails			6																						6
Horseback Riding
 Miles of Trails			15						5			10		20.5								56			106.5
Hunting
 Acres												9,309			31,942		115					2,171			43,537
Picnicking
 Acres															15								85			100
 Tables				339			752			152															     1,243
Ice Skating
Natural Areas
 No. of Sites																						16			16
 Acres				40			97																			137																																								16			16																				 Acres
Ice Skating
Artificial
 Acres
Snow Sking
 Acres							2																16			18													16				18
Outdoor Games &amp; Sports
 Playgrounds			121			2			1																	124
 Open Playfields			268			10			1																	279
 Game Courts			217			20																42				279
 Golf - 18 holes			  2			 1															 	14				 17
 Golf - 9 holes			  1					 													 	 2	  			  3
 Golf - Par 3						 															       3				  3

* State Fish and Wildlife Management Areas

	    															59
<pb n="68" />

                                              the urban regions. However, the Northeast and Central Corridor
                                              regions combined account for over 50% of the total state ca
                                              pacities for picnicking and playing outdoor games and sports.
                                              Both of these activities generally take place close to home and
                                              require relatively small land areas for facility development.
                                              The Northeast and Central Corridor regions provide, respec-
                                              tively, 26% and 28% of the total state picnicking capacity of
                                              150,850 persons and 44% and 17% of the total state outdoor
                                              games and sports capacity of 201,920 persons. Throughout
                                              the State, counties and municipalities provide the majority of
                                              the picnicking and outdoor games and sports facilities.
                                                         New Jersey's thirteen snow skiing facilities can accommo-
                                              date 20,325 people daily. The eight privately operated ski areas
                                              have daily capacities of 18,625 people while the five county
                                              ski areas can accommodate 1,700 people. The five private
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Wharton Tract

                                              TABLE 25: SOUTHWEST REGION                                                                                                                                                                                                     TABLE 26: SOUTH SHORE REGION
                                                        DEVELOPED RECREATIONAL FACILITIES                                                                                                                                                                                              DEVELOPED RECREATIONAL
                                                        1970                                                                                                                                                                                                                           1970

                                              Facilities                Municipal               County            Store Parks          State Forests            State F&amp;W              Federal          Private         Region Total
                                                                                                                                                                Mgt. Areas

                                              Swimming

                                              Permanent Pools                 11                    4  			                                                                                    54                   69
                                              Ft.of Shoreline             18,680                1,200                                                                                                   15,400               35,280
                                              Acres of Beach                                                                                   2                                                                                  2
                                              Boating
                                              Areas                           12                    4                                                                                                                            16
                                              Ramps                                                 1                                                                                                                             1
                                              Berths                           7                    1                                                                                                    2,547                2,555

                                              Water Acreage                    7                                                                                      42                                                         49
                                              Fishing
                                              No.of Fac.                                                                                                                                                    40                   40
                                              Water Acres                                                                                                             37                                                         37
                                              Mi.of Shoreline                 79                   50                                                                20.5                                                       149.5
                                              Camping
                                              Family Sites                                                                                   105                                                           387                  492
                                              Hiking
                                              Miles of Trails                  7                  360              1.5                       158.5                    5.7                                   80                  612.7
                                              Bicycling
                                              Miles of Trails                  1
                                              Horseback Riding
                                              Miles of Trails                                                                                157                      2.0                                   34                  193
                                              Hunting
                                              Acres                                                              850                      58,130                  4,267                                  2,591               65,838
                                              Picnicking
                                              Acres                                                                                                                                                        195                  195
                                              Tables                         178                   40                                         95                                                                                313
                                              Ice Skating
                                              Natural Areas
                                              No. of Sites                                                                                                                                                  17                   17
                                              Acres                           82                1,200                                          5                                                                              1,287
                                              Ice Skating
                                              Artificial
                                              Acres
                                              Snow Skiing
                                              Acres                                                                                                                                                        117                  117
                                              Outdoor Games and Sports
                                              Playgrounds                    187                    3                                                                                                                           190
                                              Game Courts                    415                   26                                                                                                       39                  480
                                              Golf-18 holes                                         1                                                                                                       16                   17
                                              Golf-9 holes                     1                                                                                                                             5                    6
                                              Golf-Par 3                                            9                                                                                                        4                   13

                                              'State Fish and Wildlife Management Areas

                                              60

								 State     State 	   State F&amp;W     State					 Region
   Facilities		Municipal	  County     Parks    Forests    Mgt.Areas    Marinas     Federal    Private    Total

Swimming
Permanent																	 11 	      11
Ft.of Shoreline	       278,440											         17,300    296,740
Acres of Beach								   3										 3
Boating
Areas					10													 		10
Ramps 				32							    2				    1				36
Berths			   1,233									 384			    8,442	  10,059
Water Acreage								 215        2,785				2,200			   5,200
Fishing
No.of Fac.																	 51		51
Water Acres									 158		3,278					    2,200      2,200
Mi.of Shoreline		     164			    2.5	   1						     .25		     167.75
Camping
Family Sites								 362							    5,149	   5,511
Hiking
Miles of Trails			 8					 188.9         21                                58        275.75
Bicycling
Miles of Trails               28															28
Horseback Riding
Miles of Trails			12					 188		   15.5						     215.5
Hunting
Acres									    76,466       29,818  	         5,000       10,120    121,404
Picnicking
Acres																		112	     112
Tables     			     276	50				 439									     765
Ice Skating
Natural Areas
No.of Sites																	  7          7
Acres				     130      5													     135
Ice Skating
Artificial
Acres
Snow Skiing
Acres
Outdoor Games&amp;Sports
Playgrounds
Open Playfields
Game Courts
Golf-18 holes
Golf-9 holes
Golf-Par 3																	4		13

*State Fish and Wildlife Management Areas
			60
<pb n="69" />

                                         snow skiing facilities located in the rural uplands of the North-                                                                                                                                   Future Supply of Developed
                                         west and North Central regions provide 70% of the State's total
                                         snow skiing capacity. The only regions lacking snow skiing                                                                                                                                          Outdoor Recreation Facilities
                                         facilities are the South Shore and Delaware Bay regions.
                                                        Municipal and county levels of government are the major                                                                                                 Public development of outdoor recreation facilities in the
                                         suppliers of New Jersey's ice skating facilities that can accom-                                                                                                       future will be determined by the funds available to each of the
                                         modate 3,182,864 people daily. Nearly all of this ice skating                                                                                                          levels of government for such purposes.  In the case of the
                                         supply is in the form of natural ice skating areas that statewide                                                                                                      private sector, commercial interests in particular, the profita-
                                         amount to 4,229 acres of water surface. At present, the 1.3                                                                                                            bility of the recreation facility supply market will greatly in-
                                         acres of artificial ice provided by municipalities in the North-                                                                                                       fluence the type and extent of future recreation development.
                                         east Region represent New Jersey's total outdoor artificial ice                                                                                                          As the recognition of the importance of outdoor recreation
                                         skating area. Sixty-six percent of the State's total ice skating                                                                                                       grows and public support increases, the appropriations for the
                                         capacity is provided by facilities located in the Delaware Bay                                                                                                         existing federal matching fund programs for outdoor recreation
                                         and Southwest regions.                                                                                                                                                facility development can be expected to increase.  In addition,
                                                                                                                                                                                                               new federal and state grant programs may be established in
                                                                                                                                                                                                               response to the expanding recreation needs of the public.  The
                                         TABLE 27: DELAWARE BAY REGION                                                                                                                                          additional funds made available through expanded matching
                                                                             DEVELOPED RECREATIONAL FACILITIES                                                                                                 fund programs are expected to spur recreation facility develop-
                                                                            1970                                                                                                                               ment on recently acquired Green Acres sites.
                                     State      State     State F&amp;W      State                        Region                                                                                                       In the future, municipalities and counties can be expected
Facilities    Municipal    County      Parks     Forests   Mgt. Areas    Marinas    Federal   Private   Total                                                                                                   to continue recreation facility development for activities such as

Swimming                                                                                                                                                                                                        as playing outdoor games and sports, picnicking, ice skating
 Permanent Pools                                                                                   27      27
 Ft of Shoreline 18,216                                                                         3,700   21,916                                                                                                  and swimming that are primarily home oriented in nature and
 Acres of Beach                         4                                                                  4
Boating                                                                                                                                                                                                      require limited land areas. Future state development will con-
 Areas             3                                                                                          3
 Ramps             9                                           2                                             11                                                                                              sist primarily of facilities requiring extensive land and water
 Berths           45                                                       124                  1,146     1,315
 Water Acreage                         90                    928                                          1,018                                                                                              areas for activities such as hiking, camping, boating, horseback
Fishing
 No. of Fac.                                                                                       18        18                                                                                               riding, hunting and fishing.
 Water Acres                           90                   1,161                                         1,251                                                                                                    The private sector is expected to respond to the projected
 Mi. of Shoreline   27                  .4                     5                                           32.4                                                                                               expansion in the market for outdoor recreation opportunities
Camping                                                                                                                                                                                                       and continue developing new recreation facilities.  Commercial
 Family Sites                           57                                                        390       447
 Miles of  Trails                                              10                                   5         15                                                                                              recreation enterprises, the largest supplier of the private sector,
Hunting                                                                                                                                                                                                       will develop the more profitable facilities such as snow skiing
 Acres                                            1,523      45,693                   635           204     48,055                                                                                            areas, boating facilities, and campgrounds.
Picnicking
 Acres
 Tables           161                    192
Ice Skating
 Natural Areas
 No. of Sites
 Acres           1,574                    6
Ice Skating
 Artificial
 Acres
Snow Skiing                                                                                                                                                                                                                  New Jersey's
 Acres                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Historic Resources
Outdoor Games &amp; Sports
 Playgrounds       36                      2                                                                     38
 Open Playfields   77                      8                                                                     85
 Game Courts       71                                                                                 6          77                                                                                              As one of the original thirteen states,New Jersey is rich in
 Golf - 18 holes                                                                                      2           2                                                                                           Colonial and Revolutionary history.  Fortunately, many of the
 Golf - 9 holes                                                                                       2           2
 Golf - Par 3                                                                                         1           1                                                                                                                                                      61
*State Fish and Wildlife Management Areas
<pb n="70" />

              significant sites and structures of these and later periods have                       1.  Washington's Crossing
              been preserved through the efforts of interested individuals and                       2.  Princeton Battlefield
              various historic societies and by state and federal actions.                           3.  Monmouth Battlefield
              These historic sites representing New Jersey's cultural, social,                       4.  Fort Mott
              agricultural and industrial past are fairly evenly distributed                         5.  Allaire
              throughout the State.                                                                  6.  Ringwood Manor
                    A partial inventory compiled by the Historic Sites Section                       7.  Batsto
              of the Department of Environmental Protection lists over two                           8.  Washington Rock
              thousand historic sites, bbildings and structures that are of
              historical, architectural or archeological interest. The inven-
              toried sites, both publicly and privately owned, range from
              Revolutionary War battlefields to restored Colonial bog iron                New Jerseyl's
              industry villages and homes of famous Americans.                               0
                    The National Register of Historic Places Program was                  Sligufficaut Natural Areas
              expanded by the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 to                     Since virtually no extensive area in the State has escaped
              include sites and buildings of state and local importance as                the influence of man at one time or another, New Jersey does
              well as those of national significance. National Register status            not have what could accurately be termed pristine primitive
              gives a measure of protection from federally funded or autho-               areas. However, it does have many areas which possess signi-
              rized projects to a site or building. Also, registered sites are            ficant natural features worthy of protection and preservation.
              eligible for matching federal funds for acquisition, preservation           Some of the areas contain the State's only remaining examples
              and restoration. The 62 sites in New Jersey which have been                 of certain native ecosystems while others provide habitats for
              placed on the National Register are listed in Appendix M -                  rare or unique species of flora or fauna.
                    In addition, the National Park Service administers two                      It is fortunate that many public and private agencies have
              areas of national historic interest: the Morristown National                taken positive steps to permanently protect the State's most
              Historical Park containing the Ford Mansion, Fort Nonsense                  outstanding natural features. Responding to the pressing need
              and the Jockey Hollow encampment; and the Edison National                   to preserve natural areas while they still remain available, the
              Historic Site in West Orange.                                               federal, state, county and municipal levels of government have
                    In 1970, the New Jersey Legislature established the State             acquired many of the more significant areas. In addition,, in-
              Register of Historic Places. At present, the State Register                 terested individuals and con servation- minded organizations
              consists of 66 sites, districts, buildings, structures or objects           have acquired a number of natural areas for preservation
              including all of the State's entries on the National Register.              purposes.
              (See Appendix M for a listing of registered properties.) Place-                  As the first stage in the preparation of a statewide natural
              ment on the State Register protects a site or building from state,          areas preservation plan, the Division of Parks and Forestry of
              county or municipal encroachments without prior written ap-                 the Department of Environmental Protection has compiled an
              proval of the Commissioner of the Department of Environmental               inventory of publicly and privately owned natural areas. A
              Protection.                                                                 partial listing of the inventoried areas is presented by region in
                    Thirty-four sites of historic interest are under direct control       Appendix N. The state owned areas possessing natural features
              of the State: twenty-six state historic sites and eight historic            of national significance are identified in the listing as candi-
              areas within state parks and forest. Included in the system are             dates for inclusion into the National Register of Natural Land-
              the following sites:                                                        marks.

              62
<pb n="71" />

                                                                                      SUPPLV OF
                                                    WATER RESOURCES

                     New Jersey is fortunate to have an abundance and variety                New Jersey's famed 127 mile long Atlantic coastline is a
               of water resources. It is bounded on three sides by water: on            very important asset of the State's economy; tourism, one of the
               the east by the Hudson River and the Atlantic Ocean, on the              State's largest industries, is centered along it. Every ye@r
               south by the Delaware Bay and on the west by the Delaware                millions of people are attracted by the shore's recreational
               River. Within the State's boundaries there are over 50,000               appeal to the many resort areas lining the State's coast.
               acres of lakes, ponds and reservoirs and nearly 6,500 miles of                Water not only serves as the basic resource for participa-
               streams and rivers. In addition to these freshwater resources,           tion in the water-based recreation activities of swimming, fish-
               there are thousands of acres of bays lying between the main-             ing, boating, canoeing, water skiing and water fowl hunting;
               land and the barrier beaches lining the New Jersey coast.                it also serves as the background or setting for many seemingly
                                                                                        unrelated activities, enhancing the intrinsic satisfaction derived
               Isiand Beach                                                             from participation. For instance, picnicking and camping are
                                                                                        much more enjoyable when the sites are provided close to
                                                               7
                                                                   T
                                                               7,                       bodies of water.
                                                                                             Recreation is just one of the many uses of the State's
                                                                                        water resources. However, the following discussion will be pri-
                                                                                        marily concerned with the various types of water resources as
                                                                                        they relate to outdoor recreation with the exception of the sec-
                                                        kal.;
                                                                                        tion devoted to ground water resources which will serve as
                                                                                        background information.

                                                                                        Ground Water

                                                                                             New Jersey may, for the purpose of simplification, be
                                                                                        separated into three regions with relatively similar ground
                                                                                        water characteristics. The regions are the Appalachian
                                                                                        Ridge and Valley- Highlands in the northwestern part of the
                                                                                                                                   11%T

                                                                                        State; the Piedmont Plain, starting in the northeast and extend-
                                                                                        ing through to the Delaware River above Trenton; and the

                                                                                                                                                         63
<pb n="72" />

                                                                                   GROUND WATER REGIONS
                      4;

                                                                                         CRITICAL AREA FOR
                                                                                         URBAN DEVELOPMENT
                                                                           -N
                                                                   k                                                     1V
                                                                                         MAJOR AOUIFER RECHARG
                                                                                         PROBLEM AREAS
                                                  ok                                     MARSH LANDS

             Skating, Lake Hopatcong                                               SOURCE:

                                                                                   SURVEY  OF NEW JERSEY
             Coastal Plain, which comprises     the entire southern part of
                                                                                   WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT 1955
             the State below a line from Trenton  to Perth Amboy. The map          PREPARED BY TIPPETS - ABBOTT - McCARTHY
             entitled "Ground Water Regions" shows the approximate                 ANDSTRATTON DECEMBER 1955
             boundaries as described above.
                  The Appalachian Ridge and Valley- Highlands region has           BUREAU OF STATE WIDE PLANNING
             the least favorable conditions for the occurrence of reliable
             ground water supplies in large quantities; the geological char-
             acter of the region does not permit the formation of good
             aquifers.
                  The  Piedmont Plain offers greater potential as a ground
                                                                                                                            'X
             water source than does the Appalachian Ridge and Valley-
             Highlands region; however, in the Piedmont Plain, which in-
             cludes the heavily populated Northeast, the local ground water
             sources are substantially developed.
                  Of the three regions, the Coastal Plain has the greatest
             abundance of ground water. The underlying aquifers are con-
             sidered a reliable water source for the southwestern and coast-
             al regions. However, portions of this region, bordering on tidal
             waters, have been endangered by saltwater encroachment
             resulting from urban development in many aquifer recharge
             areas.

             64
<pb n="73" />

               Rivers and Streams                                                         more planning regions, and, in a few instances, rivers and
                                                                                          streams actually form the boundary between two regions.
                                                                                          Therefore, for discussion purpose§, New Jersey will be divided
                     The total mileage of New Jersey's       numerous rivers and          into four sections: Northwest, Northeast, Coastal and South-
               streams approaches 6,448 miles. New Jersey's rivers and                    west (see map entitled "Major Rivers and Streams"). Rivers
               streams vary markedly in character; some originate in the                  and streams occurring within a section are generally similar in
               mountains of northern New Jersey and southern New York and                 their origins, floodplains and flow patterns.
               flow rapidly through rugged terrain while others begin within the
               State's interior and flow at a more leisurely pace through the             Northwestern Section: The principal rivers of the mountainous
               relatively flat terrain of the Pine Barrens in central New Jersey.         Northwestern Section of New Jersey are the Pohatcong, Mus-
               Some traverse areas rich in historic landmarks and others pass             conetcong, Pequest, Flat Brook and Paulins Kill. These rivers
               through areas which have remained nearly primitive in appear-              drain into the Delaware and the Wallkill which, in turn, drain
               ance.                                                                      into the Atlantic Oc 'ean and Hudson River, respectively. Runoff
                     Analysis of the State's rivers and streams on a regional             in this mountainous terrain is rapid and causes the streams
               planning basis, the approach employed elsewhere in this plan,              to have a flash-flood characteristic. Runoff is cegulated to some
               does not appear feasible. Rivers frequently flow through two or            degree, however, by the large number of lakes and ponds in
                                                                                          this region. Small drainage areas limited to narrow valleys are
                                                                                          also characteristic of the section. For the most part, the water
                                                                                          quality of the Northwest section's rivers and streams is high.
                                                                                                The rivers and streams of this section offer the best trout
                                                                                          fishing in the State. Many of the section's rivers are annually
                                                                                          stocked with trout by the Division of Fish, Game and Shell-
                           r4 A-                                                          fisheries to supplement natural reproduction or to create
                                                                                          recreational fishing.
                                                                                                Besides fishing, other recreational use of the section's
                                                                                          rivers is limited. However, during the spring when the run-off
                                                                                          provides high water, several streams offer challenging white
                                                                                          water canoeing.

                                                                                          Northeastern Section: The Hackensack, Raritan and Passaic
                                                                                          Rivers are the major river systems in northeastern New Jersey.
                                                                                          The minor systems of the Elizabeth and Rahway Rivers and the
                                                                                          aforementioned major systems drain this region.
                                                                                                Stream flow in this section of the State is erratic with wide
                                                                                                tions in flow between wet and dry periods because of
                                                                                          varia
                                                                                          impounding and high use by domestic and industrial interests.
                                                       '0"                 ve
                                                                                          During periods of low flow, the capacity of this section's rivers
                                                                                          to wash away pollutants is severely reduced. Since the dry
                                                                                          periods normally coincide with the summer season, the recrea-
                                                                                          tional potential of many of the region's rivers for contact

                                                                                                                                                             65
<pb n="74" />

              activities such as swimming is limited by pollution. Boating and             MAJOR RIVERS AND STREAMS
              canoeing, non-contact activities, take place on rivers with
              sufficient water flow.

              Coastal Section: The Shrewsbury-Navesink, Manasquan, Me-
              tedeconk, Toms, Mullica, Wading, Maurice and Great Egg Har-
                                                                                                                          PAU
              bor are the principal rivers of the coastal region. Flow is south-
              easterly across the eastern slope of the Coastal Plain, and all                                                               "o
              terminate in the Atlantic Ocean or the Delaware Bay.                                                                         4,1PRANY R
                    The runoff characteristics of the area are quite different
              from those of northern New Jersey. The erratic characteristics
              of the more northerly streams are not present in the rivers of
              the Coastal Plain. This phenomenon is a result of the absorption
              of a large part of the precipitation into the porous, ground and
              the movement of this water through the ground to stream beds
              at a relatively uniform rate. These factors tend to reduce or
              minimize the difference between wet and dry weather flows.
                                                                                           SOURCE:
                    In general, recreational use of this section's rivers and
              streams has not been seriously affected by water pollution.                  SURVEY OF NEW JERSEY                      AS@             1AV SINK
              However, if adequate programs are not undertaken to cope with                WATER RESOURCES
              the growing wastes produced by the region's rapidly growing                  DEVELOPMENT 1955
              population, water pollution could become a major problem in                  PREPARED BY TIPPETS -
              the future.                                                                  ABBOTT - McCARTHY
                                                                                           AND STRATTON.
                                                                                           DECEMBER 1955               Z.             NOR
              Southwestern Section: That portion of New Jersey defined as                                                          0 rH          fDA
              the southwestern region encompasses the western or Delaware                                      C_                            \
              slope of the Coastal Plain, The principal streams are Rancocas
              Creek, Cohansey Creek, Salem Creek and Crosswicks Creek.                                SAZ
              The Delaware River is the terminus for these creeks and a
              large number of lesser streams which drain the region. Tidal
              action affects most of these streams at their juncture with the
              Delaware River.
                   The southwestern region's topography and runoff pattern is
                                                                                                                                                           T
              similar to that of the coastal region, with pervious surface for-
              mations and flat, natural terrain common to most of the area.
              Similarly, these factors also produce a more uniform stream
              flow than is found in the northern part of the State.
                   Water quality becomes a problem for many of this
              section's streams as they pass through the densely urbanized

              66
<pb n="75" />

                                                                                                   A
               strip along the Delaware River. Within the section's interior,                  7
               the water quality of the streams is suitable for contact
               recreational use.                                                                    M

                    CANOE RUNS
                                                                                                           41
                    On many of New Jersey's fine rivers and streams, one may
               enjoy canoeing with its concomitant recreational pleasures
               of camping, sightseeing and picnicking from April through
               October. The following listing of several of the State's more im-
               portant canoe runs contains brief descriptions of their usability.

               HACKENSACK RIVER is cruisable at all seasons from New
               Bridge southward for about 20 miles to Newark Bay.
               PASSAIC RIVER is a delightful stream for both spring and fall
               after rains have provided sufficient water for cruising.
               RAMAPO RIVER offers good cruising in spring and fall during
               the high water with some "white water" runs of interest from
               Suffern for about 20 miles to below Mountain View where the
               stream joins the Passaic in the vicinity of Two Bridges.                                                                     7".,.
               WANAQUE RIVER makes an exciting spring "white water" run
               from the village of Wanaque for about 8 miles where the stream
               enters the Pequannock River which, in turn, flows into the
               Ramapo in the vicinity of Pompton Plains.                                                      4z:7

               MULLICA RIVER from Atsion to Pleasant Mills where it is
               joined by the Batsto River may be cruised in normal or high
               water. From Pleasant Mills down to the sea there is plenty of
               water for the canoeist, even during the driest season. A pleas-
               ant side trip can be made to the restored village area at Batsto.
               MAURICE RIVER offers a wide variety of beauty and many
               places of interest to canoeists. One of the unusual features of
               this attractive river is Union Lake which was created by a power
               dam at Millville. The water of the stream is backed up into a
               lake nearly four miles long making it the Iargest wholly artificial
               lake in New Jersey.
               METEDECONK RIVER offers the canoeist many surprises. One               W;,
               naturally expects to find tepid water in South Jersey, but the

                                                                                                                                                      67
<pb n="76" />

              Metedeconk is apparently fed by cold water springs making the               GREAT EGG HARBOR RIVER from the vicinity of Braddock
              water ice cold and crystal clear.                                           offers excellent cruising for about 25 miles to where it empties
              THE PAULINS KILL flows through countryside both bold and                    into tidewater at Great Egg Harbor Bay.
              picturesque. The Kittatinny Mountain Range parallels the entire             THE MANASQUAN RIVER from the vicinity of Farmingdale
              course of the river, the rugged hills actually extending to its             to Brielle offers an enjoyable 12 mile cruise through a combin-
              shores. There is glorious scenery throughout the valley and                 ation of upland forests composed predominantly of hardwoods-
              many places of historic interest. Caution is necessary when                 and pine dominated forests characterizing the Pinelands. An
              cruising this stream in flood.                                              interesting side trip may be taken to the Historic Howell Works
                                                                                          in Allaire State Park.
              MUSCONETCONG RIVER in itself is not a river to be explored
              by canoe. There are, however, about four miles of the Morris                DELAWARE RIVER, of course, offers by far the most extensive,
              Canal which are intact and cruisable by canoe. A charming                   the most picturesque, the most thrilling of all local cruises.
              colonial village restoration exists at Waterloo.                            During early spring it is sporty enough to tax the ability of the
                                                                                          most expert canoeist. About Declaration Day, the average
              MILLSTONE RIVER is undoubtedly the most charming of the                     experienced canoeist can run it in safety with the possible ex-
              little rivers of New Jersey and can be cruised about 8 miles                ception of Foul Rift above Belvidere and Wells Falls at Lam-
              from Cranbury to Princeton.                                                 bertville. During the summer, the run also can be made after
                                                                                          local rains have filled the river.
              SOUTH BRANCH OF THE RARITAN, from the vicinity of Three
              Bridges at Flemington Junction, is a beautiful 16 mile spring
              run to Somerville with a stream flow augmented by waters re-
              leased from the state owned Spruce Run Reservoir which may
              extend the canoeing season well into the fall of the year.                  Canals
              NORTH BRANCH OF THE RARITAN may be cruised for 10                                New Jersey's four canals were constructed for one of two
              miles in the spring during high water from the vicinity of White-           purposes: as part of New Jersey's Intracoastal Waterway or
              house to where it joins the south branch to form the Raritan                for transportation of materials from the Delaware River across
              River at the Township of Branchburg. During the late 1970s,                 the State to the eastern urban centers.
              after completion of the Round Valley Reservoir North Dam re-                     Although the two canals composing segments of the In-
              lease pipeline, stream flows will be augmented to extend the                tracoastal Waterway are short, they are heavily used by boaters
              canoeing period well into the fall.                                         traveling along the Atlantic Coast. The Bayhead-Manasquan
                                                                                          Canal in Ocean County is slightly more than two miles in length,
              RANCOCAS CREEK is an excellent stream for about 20 miles                    and the Cape May Canal, crossing the tip of Cape May County,
              from Brown's Mills (north branch Rancocas Creek) to where it                measures approximately 5 miles. Both of the canals are main-
              empties into the Delaware River near Riverside.                             tained by the U.S. Corps of Engineers for navigation purposes.
                                                                                               During the early part of the nineteenth century, the Dela-
              WADING RIVER runs through wild country from Chatsworth                      ware and Raritan and Morris Canals were constructed for barge
              for about 25 miles to where it empties into the Mullica River.              traffic across the State. In recent times, portions of both of
              This is wild pineland cruising with no towns, except Wading                 these canals have been filled rendering neither navigable for
              River, en route.                                                            their entire original distance.

              68
<pb n="77" />

                    The present Delaware and Raritan Canal together with its                About 90% of New Jersey's shoreline is composed of
               feeder originates at the Delaware River above Stockton, runs            sandbar islands lying at varying distances off the mainland.
               for 22 miles parallel to the Delaware River to Trenton, and             The remaining shoreline consists of stable earth extending
               thence 38 miles to the Raritan River at New Brunswick. Except           right down to the sea.
               for a two mile underground twin culvert in the City of Trenton,              The beachline of New Jersey is under constant change due
               the 60 mile length of the canal and feeder is open and available        to the erosive force of the ocean shifting the sand. This has
               for recreational use. The canal is operated as a state owned            necessitated the construction of jetties and sea walls along
               water supply system and is heavily used by the residents of the         many areas to stabilize the beach. Many shore communities
               Central Corridor for canoeing, boating and fishing.                     find it necessary to periodically restore beaches by replacing
                    When the Morris Canal was constructed it extended over             sand which has been washed away.
               one hundred miles from Phillipsburg on the Delaware River                    Beach user fees are charged by many shore communities
               through Jersey City to the Hudson River. Today, only segments           to cover the expenses of providing lifeguards and other ser-
               exist in three regions - Northwest, North Central and Northeast.        vices. At many communities, fees are levied against nonresi-
               In the near future, the title to these segments of the canal will       dents only. Residents of these communities receive season
               revert to state ownership.                                              passes either free of charge, presumably because their taxes
                                                                                       are used to defray a portion of the beach operation costs, or at
                                                                                       low season rates. This practice has been judged discriminatory
               Atlantic Consdiue                                                       in a recent court decision, and the communities are under court
                                                                                       order to revise their fee systems so that residents and non-
                    New Jersey's 127 mile Atlantic coastline is the State's            residents are charged comparable amounts for the same
               most valuable natural resource in terms of recreation, which            services.
               can be pursued in a variety of ways. One can simply walk along               Two of New Jersey's study regions, the North Shore and
               the beach or just relax in the sun. For the more active recre-          South Shore, front the Atlantic Ocean. Nearly 55% of the
               ationists, there are opportunities for skin diving, surfing, boat-      State's coastline is located in the South Shore Region and the
               ing and water skiing in the ocean and bay areas.                        North  Shore accounts for the remaining 45%. Approximately

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               Atlantic City Marina
                                                                                                                                                       69
<pb n="78" />

                         TABLE 1A: NEW JERSEY'S ATLANTIC                                                                                                TABLE 1B: NEW JERSEY'S ATLANTIC COASTLINE
                                                COASTLINE OWNERSHIP                                                                                                            SHORELINE USED FOR RECREATION
                                                1969                                                                                                                           1969

                                                                                                                                         Public Shoreline Open for                                Private Shoreline Open for                   Total Shoreline Open for
                                                       Publicly Owned          Privately Owned                                                     Recreation                                          Public Recreation                           Public Recreation
                                                           Shoreline                Shoreline
                                                                                                                                                 Percent of         Percent of                            Percent of         Percent of                          Percent of
                                                                  Percent of              Percent of                                           Total Public             Total                           Total Private            Total                               Total
                                            Total                   Total                    Total
                                          Shoreline    Length     Shoreline    Length      Shoreline                             Length           Shoreline          Shoreline            Length           Shoreline          Shoreline            Length          Shoreline
                             Region         (feetl     (feet)       M           (feet)        M              Region              (feet)               M                 VA )               (feet)              (1/1 )            M                 (feet)            M

                         North Shore       263,646     153.841      58.4       109,805       41.6        North Shore            127,497              82.9               48.4               24,523              22.3              9.3               152,020            57.7
                         South Shore       376,234     298,501      79.3        77,733       20.7        South Shore            298,501             100.0               79.3               77.733              100.0             20.7              376,234           100.0

                         State Total       639,880     452,342      70.7       187,538       29.3        State Totals           425,998              94.2               66.6              102.256              54.5              16.0              528,254            82.6

                                                                                                         Source: U.S.   Corps of Engineers

                         70% of the 127 miles of Atlantic coastline is owned by public                                                                            Asbury       Park may be considered the recreation focal point
                         agencies and slightly less than 30% is owned by private inter-                                                                 of the North Shore. Its extensive boardwalk, beach and
                         ests. (See Table 1 A.)                                                                                                         amusement area attract visitors from the northern New Jersey-
                                                                                                                                                        New York City area.
                                   NORTH SHORE                    REGION
                                                                                                                                                        Asbury Park
                                   Only 58% of the                North Shore's coastline, 263, 646 feet, is
                         under public ownership. Private frontage amounts to 109, 805
                         feet or just under 42% of the region's shoreline. Approximately                                                                14
                         58% of the region's coastline is open to the public for recrea-
                         tional use. (See Table 1 B.) Eighty-three percent of the publicly
                         owned coastline is open for public recreation while only 22% of
                         the privately owned shoreline is available for public use.
                                   New Jersey's most popular state parks, Island Beach and
                         Sandy Hook, front the Atlantic Ocean in this region. Island
                         Beach State Park, situated in the southern part of the Barnegat
                         Peninsula, an offshore sandbar, is one of the few natural ex-
                         panses of barrier beach remaining along the eastern edge of
                         the North American continent. Besides extensive beaches,                                                                                                   M,
                         the park contains a botanical preserve and a wildlife sanctuary-
                         Sandy Hook State Park is located on the southern part of
                         Sandy Hook Peninsula which extends from New Jersey's main-
                         land into the Raritan Bay. The appealing beaches of this state
                         park attract visitors from the nea@rby New York metropolitan
                                                                                                                                                              J
                         area as well as the urban centers of northeastern New Jersey.

                         70
<pb n="79" />

                    SOUTH SHORE REGION                                                      As recreation resources, estuarine areas are important-to
                    The South Shore's entire coastline, measuring more than            the tourist industry of New Jersey's shore communities, offer-
               376,000 feet, is open for public recreation although nearly 21 %        ing a wide variety of activity opportunities. Recreationists use
               is privately owned.                                                     estuarine waters for boating, sailing, water skiing, fishing and
                    Atlantic City, one of the most popular vacation resorts in         shellfishing. The marine wetlands, while serving as essential
               the United States, actually is located on a sandbar four miles          resting, feeding and breeding areas for waterfowl throughout
               at sea, where nothing can be grown and no fresh water is                the year and especially during spring and fall migration, offer
               available naturally. The skyscraper hotels are built on sand, and       excellent waterfowl hunting.
               the amusement piers extend nearly one-half mile into the                      Until the passage of the Wetlands Act of 1970, New Jersey
               ocean. Atlantic City's famous boardwalk is spread over a million        lost thousands of acres of marine wetlands annually to resi-
               square feet and separates the commercial areas from the                 dential and industrial development. The Wetlands Act autho-
               beach.                                                                  rizes the Department of Environmental Protection to regulate
                                                                                       development with respect to ecological factors over the areas
                    Wildwood's natural beach, which is perhaps the finest     .  in    defined as wetlands in the Act. Implementation of the Act will
               the State, and its boardwalk stretching along the beachline             go far in preventing further deterioration and destruction of
               draw many visitors from the Philadelphia area.                          this valuable fragile natural resource. (See Legislation and Re-
                                                                                       lated Actions Chapters.)
               Estuarine Areas

                    At first glance, New Jersey's estuarine areas, marine wet-
               lands and estuarine waters, appear as vast expanses of mean
               ingless areas; but this is not so according to experts. They are
               food factories, "nursery" areas and breeding grounds for a
               seemingly endless variety of birds, animals, fish and crusta-
               ceans which are harvested by sportsmen and commercial
               fishermen.
                    It is estimated that there are about 400,000 acres of
                                                                                                       fei
               marine wetlands in the State. The wetlands stretch along the
                                                                                                  4Z
               Atlantic Ocean coastal strip from Sandy Hook peninsula to
               Cape May and on the shores of Delaware Bay from Cape May
               to the tidal portions of the Delaware River.
                    There are over 390,000 acres of estuarine waters in New
               Jersey. This figure includes the tidal zones of rivers, portions
               of Raritan Bay (26,147 acres) and Delaware Bay (225,760                      Pollution is yet another problem of the estuarine areas. At
               acres) within the State's boundaries, and bay areas lying be-           present, shelifishing is restricted on approximately 25% of the
               hind the sandbar islands lining New Jersey's coast. Among               State's estuarine water surface area because of water pollu-
               the State's well known estuarine water areas are Barnegat Bay           tion. However, as water pollution abatement programs on the
               (44,036 acres), Little Egg Harbor Bay (21,349 acres) and Great          rivers feeding into the bays become more effective, the water
               Bay (10, 125 acres).                                                    quality of the estuarine areas is expected to improve.

                                                                                                                                                        71
<pb n="80" />

                                                                                                                           7 7-7=
              Lakes,, Ponds and Reservoirs

                                                                                                                       -AW -
                    Lakes, ponds and reservoirs in New Jersey vary in charac-
                                                                                                                   Ap"
              ter. They range from those in rich, fertile basins which are
              suited for all forms of water-oriented recreation activities to
              those in barren clays and sands which are usually so acid that
              only a few forms of acid tolerant aquatic life can survive.
              Fortunately, most of New Jersey's lakes and ponds are located
              in the fertile areas close to most of the urban centers.
                    Lakes range in size from several acres up to       the 2,440
              acres of Lake Hopatcong. In general, ponds range in size from
              one-half acre to two acres or more; however, there are ponds                               wk,
              exceeding 100 acres in size. This overlapping of size between
              what is called a lake or a pond is due to the lack of an accepted
              definition of size to differentiate these two resources.
                    Although most of New Jersey's reservoirs           have been
                                                                                                        _"A'4J
              created for nonrecreational purposes such as water supply and
              agricultural irrigation, they can be used for recreation providing
              the proper facilities are developed. Reservoirs in     New Jersey
                                                                                                     7@'
              vary in size from several acres to the 2,350 acres of Round
              Valley Reservoir.
                    There are slightly over 50,000 acres of lakes, ponds and
              reservoirs in New Jersey. Although the distribution of this water
              surface acreage    is uneven, no region contains less than 2,000
              acres. (See map entitled "Major Lakes, Ponds and Reser-
              voirs.") The regions with the highest concentrations of lakes,
              ponds and reservoirs are the North Central and Northwest. The
              206 bodies of water in the North Central Region have a water
              surface of 17,519 acres while the Northwest's 191 water bodies
              have. 12,468 acres of water surface. In the densely urbanized
              Northeast Region, there are over 5,300 acres of freshwater
              surface. (See Table 2.)
                    Although private interests own 629 of the 965 lakes, ponds
              and reservoirs reported for New Jersey, public agencies own
              55% of the State's total freshwater surface area. Privately
              owned freshwater surface exceeds the publicly owned area in
              three regions: the Northwest, Central Corridor and Southwest.
                    Less than 40% of the State's total water surface area        is
              open to the public for recreational use. In addition to the 19,418

              72
<pb n="81" />

                      TABLE 2: LAKES, PONDS AND RESERVOIRS INVENTORY
                                      1970

                                                      Existing Lakes, Ponds              Lakes, Ponds and Reservoirs under                                   Lakes, Ponds and Reservoirs under
                                                          and Reservoirs                          Public Ownership                                                  Private Ownership
                                                                                     Total Publicly               Public Recroa-           Total Privately            Public Recrea-            Prlvfite Recrea-
                                                                                           Owned                  tlonal Use                    Owned                   tional Use                 tional Use
                                                                      Water                       Water                       Water                   Water                      Water                     Water
                                                                     Surface                      Surface                     Surface                 Surface                   Surface                    Surface
                      Region &amp; County                  Number        (Acres)       Number         (Acres)   Number            (Acres)  Number         (Acres)     Number        (Acres)      Number        (Acres)

                      Northwest
                          Hunterdon                         9         3,707              3        3,636           3           3,636          6            71            0              0           1          24
                          Sussex                         149          7,396            31         2,241           28          2,058        118        5,155           11           424           47        3.330
                          Warren                          33          1,365              2           ill          2           ill          31         1,254             4          115             6         122
                      Regional Total                     191         12,468            36         5,988           33          5,805        155        6,480           15           539           54        3.476
                      North Central
                          Morr i s                       133         10,433            40         6,798           20          3,581        93         3,635             4          202           28        2,076
                          Passaic                         73          7,086            17         5,445           7           2,032        56         1,641             3          210             7         309
                      Regional Total                     206         17,519            57         12,243          27          5,613        149        5,276             7          412           35        2,385
                      Northeast
                          Bergen                          38          3,119            21         2,779           15          158          17           340             0              0           2         163
                          Essex                           14            756              9           686          4           119            5            70            0              0           1          21
                          Hudson                            3             35             3           35           1            15            0               0          0              0           0            0
                          Passaic                         18          1,163              6           25           2            11          12         1,139             1           17             3         318
                          Union                           18            239            14            95           12           95            4          144             1          105             3          39
                      Regional Total                      91          5,312            53         3,620           34          398          38         1,693             2          122             9         541
                      Central Corridor
                          Mercer                          15            424              5           75           4            61          10           349             6          273                        18
                          Middlesex                       26          11265            15            638          12          611          11           627             4          367                        58
                          Somerset                        18            363              6           55           5            20          12           308             1           12             5         170
                      Regional Total                      59          2,052            26            768          21          692          33         1,284           10           652             7         246
                      North Shore
                          Monmouth                        39          1,029            19            437          13          357          20           591           12           329             0            0
                          Ocean                           47          1,718            29         1,092           23          907          18           626             5          179             6         281
                      Regional Total                      86          2,747            48         1,529           36          1,264        38         1,217           17           508             6         281
                      Southwest
                          Burlington                      45          1,765              9           526          8           320          36         1,239             3           98           17          626
                          Camden                          28            63@9           10            313          10          313          18           326             4          109             4          62
                          Gloucester.                     55          1,123            14            393          14          393          41           730             5          146             8         170
                      Regional Total                     128          3,527            33         1,232           32          1,026        95         2,295           12           353           29          858
                      South Shore
                          Atlantic                        60          1,823            32            616          31          490          28         1,207             2           34             5         613
                          Burlington                      16            543            16            543          3           198            0               0          0              0           0            0
                          Cape May                        33            799            12            502          7           438          21           297             1              6           2          83
                          Ocean                             4           129              3           1113         3           113            1            16            0              0           1          16
                      Regional Total                     113          3,294            63         1,774           44          1,239        50         1,520             3           40             8         712
                      Delaware Bay
                          Cumberland                      50          2,252            11            263          10          253          39         1,989             4           81             1         145
                          Salem                           41          1,084              9           242          7           225          32           842             5          298           11          288
                      Regional Total                      91          3,336            20            505          17          478          71         2,831             9          379           12          433

                      STATE TOTALS                       965         50,255           336         27,659       244            16,515       629        22,596          74          2,903          160       8,932

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  73
<pb n="82" />

                    TABLE 3: RESERVOIRS INVENTORY
                                   1970

                                                    Existing Reservoirs             Reservoirs under Public Ownership                                  Reservoirs under Private Ownership
                                                                                    Total Publicly         Public Recrea-            Total Privately            Public Recrea-             Private Recrea-
                                                                                       Owned                  tion Use                    Owned                    tion Use                   tion Use
                                                                   Water                    Water                      Water                      Water                    Water                       Water
                                                                   Surface                  Surface                   Surface                    Surface                  Surface                     Surface
                        Region &amp; County             Number         (Acres)     Number       (Acres)      Number       (Acres)      Number        (Acres)      Number      (Acres)       Number        (Acres)

                    Northwest
                       Hunterdon                         2         3,625            2       3,625             2        3,625
                       Sussex
                       Warren                            4           520                                                                 4         520            1           11
                    Regional Total                       6         4,145            2       3,625             2        3,625             4         520            1            11
                    North Central
                       Morr I s                        11          3,438            10      3,429             1             4            1             9
                       Passaic                           3         2,930            3       2,930
                    Regional Total                     14          6,368            13      6,359             1             4            1             9
                    Northeast
                       Bergen                            4         2,437            4       2,437
                       Essex                             4           564            4          564
                       Hudson                            2            20            2            20
                       Passaic                           3           549            1            8                                       2         541
                       Union                             1           105                                                                 1         105            1         105
                    Regional Total                     14          3,675            11      3,029                                        3         646            1         105
                    Central Corridor
                       Mercer
                       Middlesex
                       Somerset                          2           102            1            35                                      1             67
                    Regional Total                       2           102            1            35                                      1             67
                    North Shore
                       Monmouth                          2           226                                                                 2         226
                       Ocean                             1            23            1            23
                    Regional Total                       3           249            1            23                                      2         226
                    Southwest
                       Burlington                        1            60            1            60           1            60
                       Camden
                       Gloucester
                    Regional Total                       1            60            1            60           1            60
                    South Shore
                       Atlantic                          2           147            2          147
                       Burlington                      12            270            12         270
                       Cape My
                       Ocean
                    Regional Total                     14            417            14         417
                    Delaware Bay
                       Cumberland                        1           920                                                                 1         920
                       Salem
                    Regional Total                       1           920                                                                 1         920

                    STATE TOTALS                       55          15,936           43      13,548            4        3,689            12        2,388           2         116

                    74
<pb n="83" />

                    acres of publicly used recreation water surface, there are                                       New Jersey's 55 reservoirs have a total water surface area
                    8,932 acres of water surface which are used privately for rec-                            of 15,936 acres. (See map entitled "Major Reservoir Sites
                    reation.                                                                                  Existing, Potential &amp; Lost.") The great majority of the State's
                          The 16,515 acres of publicly owned water surface which is                           reservoirs have been developed in the northern area to supply
                    used for recreational purposes amounts to slightly less than                              the water required by the heavily urbanized areas of north-
                    60% of the total publicly owned water surface. Privately owned                            eastern New Jersey. The North Central Region has the largest
                    water surface open to the public for recreation amounts to                                reservoir surface area, 6,368 acres, the Northwest Region has
                    2,903 acres and accounts for only 13% of the sector's supply.                             the next, 4,145 acres, and the Northeast Region follows with
                                                                                                              3,675 acres. The reservoir surface area in these regions totals
                    TABLE 4: MAJOR RESERVOIRS                                                                 14,188 acres or 89% of the State's total reservoir surface area.
                                  (over 150 acres)                                                            (See Tables 3 and 4.)
                                                                                                                     The vast recreational potential of New Jersey's reservoirs
                                                                                                              has been only partially realized. Less than 4,000 acres of res-
                                                                                           Open for           ervoirs are open for public recreation. Private reservoirs offer
                                                                          Water Surface Public
                    Region/County              Name           Ownership       (Acres)       Recreation        recreational opportunities an only 116 acres of water while
                                                                                                              their water surface area amounts to 2,388 acres. Of New
                    Bergen            Lake Tappan Res.         Public            550                          Jersey's publicly owned reservoir area of 13,548 acres, 3,689
                                      Oradel I Res.            Public            620                          acres are used for recreational purposes. The two reservoirs
                                      Riverdale Res.           Public           1,255                         constructed by the State under its multi-use concept account
                    Cumberland        Union Lake               Private           920                          for 3,625 acres of the public reservoir recreation water surface.
                                                                                                              Both of these reservoirs, Round Valley and Spruce Run, are lo-
                    Essex             Canoe Brook Res. #1      Public            239                          cated in the Northwest Region.

                    Hunterdon         Round Valley Res.        Public           2,350          x
                                      Spruce Run Res.          Public           1,275          x                     PROPOSED RESERVOIRS

                    Morris            Boonton Res.             Public            780                                 Over 26,300 acres of water surface could be added to the
                                      Charlotteburg Res.       Public            375                          State's recreation supply by the construction of the seven
                                      Longwood Valley Res.     Public           1,000                         planned state reservoirs and the conservation pools proposed
                                      Oak Ridge Res.           Pubi ic           415                          in the three U.S. Corps of Engineers flood control projects. At
                                      Splitrock Res.           Public            640                          this time it is impossible to predict the future of many of the pro-
                    Passaic           Clinton Res.             Public            423                          posals, particularly in regard to the three federal projects, the
                                      Oak Ridge Res.           Public            197                          Tocks Island Dam Project, the Passaic River Flood Control
                                      Point View Res.          Private           513                          Program, and the Crab Island Tide Dam on the Lower Raritan
                                      Wanaque Res.             Public           2,310                         River.
                                                                                                                     The State's reservoir site acquisition program is financed
                    Sussex            Canistear Res.           Public            350                          through funds authorized by the Water Resources Bond Act of
                    Warren            Lower Res.               Private           300                          1969. At present two sites are in the acquisition stage: Six Mile
                                      Upper Res.               Private           164                          Run (754 acres) in the Central Corridor Region and Manasquan
                                                                                                              (15 acres) in the North Shore Region. Land acquisition for three

                                                                                                                                                                                              75
<pb n="84" />

                    MAJOR LAKES, PONDS                                                                                        other sites will be underway shortly, while action on the two
                    AND RESERVOIRS                                                                                            remaining sites has been deferred.
                                                                                                                                      Ultimately, 8,960 acres will be added to the State's recrea-
                                                                                                                              tional water surface by the completion of all seven of the pro-
                                                                                                                              posed state reservoirs. On a shorter range basis, the five
                                                                    7,395               2 4 9@                                scheduled reservoirs will increase the State's recreational
                                                                                                                              water supply by 3,810 acres. Within the near future, a0proxi-
                                                                                                       3,119
                                                                                                                              mately 1,300 acres of water surface acres will be created in the
                                                                                                                              North Central Region, 860 acres in the North Shore Region,
                                                         1,365&lt;                10,432                                         1,650 acres in the Central Corridor Region and 350 acres in the
                                                                                                                              Northwest Region.
                                                                                                                                      In the Tocks Island Dam Project, a 12,425 acre lake
                                                                                                                              formed by a dam stretching across the Delaware River at the
                                                                                                                              northern tip of Tocks Island is proposed. The 37 mile long res-
                                                            3,706         361
                                                                                                                              ervoir would be in the center of the Delaware Water Gap Na
                    SCALEIN ACRES                                                                                             tional Recreation Area and be used for water supply, flood
                                        10,000                                                                                control, hydroelectric and recreational purposes.

                                       5,000
                                                                      +
                                       1,000                          424                      1,028

                                 999 to 500                                                                                                          .1 711&amp;

                                 less than 500
                                                                                          0
                                                                                          1823

                                                                      2,308
                                                     h
                                                         639

                                                                                                                                                    V
                                                                                                                                                                                     J,
                                    1,084

                                                                                                                                                                                                                   4         4t
                                                                      1,823

                                                    2,252
                                                             r
                                              ON @D
                                                         S

                                                                     7'

                                                         "365

                                                                799

                    76
<pb n="85" />

                       Five alternative development plans for the Passaic River
                Flood Control Program have been prepared by the U.S. Corps
                of Engineers. Each alternative has been designed to reduce the
                flood damage potential of the river in the urbanized sections
                of the North Central, Northeast and Central Corridor regions
                and provide for at least one multiple use conservation pool.
                       Under the U.S. Corps of Engineers' proposal for the            Crab

                Island Tide Dam on the Lower Raritan River approximately
                1,900 acres of recreational water surface will be created. Plans                                                                                                                                                                                                       E
                for this multiple use project in the Central Corridor Region call
                for swimming, boating, fishing, camping, and hiking facilities.

                MAJOR RESERVOIR SITES-EXISTING, POTENTIAL &amp; LOST

                EXISTING RESERVOIRS

                ER- 1 ORADELL
                ER- 2 WOODCLIFF LAKE
                                                    AVAILABLE SITES

                ER-  4 DE FOREST
                ER-  3 RIVERVALE
                                               AS-  1COMO
                ER-  5 CANISTEAR               AS-  2TOURNE

                ER-  6 OAK RIDGE               AS-  3TWO BRIDGES'
                ER-  7 CLINTON                 AS-  4WHIPPANY                                                                               ER-  8 CHARLOTTEBURG           AS-  5WASHINGTON    VALLEY

                ER-  9 ECHO LAKE               AS-  6HARDSCRABBLE
                                                                                                                                          A
                ER-10  APSHAWA                 AS-  7LOWER MILLINGTON
                                                                                     LOST SITES
                ER-1 I KIKEOUT                 AS-  8HACKLEBARNEY

                ER-12  WANAQUE                 AS-  9RAVINE LAKE                LS-  1RAMAPO
                ER-13  POINT VIEW              AS-10 RARITAN CONFLUENCE'        LS-  2GREAT SWAMP

                                               AS-11 SIX MILE RUN*                                                         ,
                ER-14  LONGWOOD    VALLEY                                       LS-  3HARRISONS BROOK
                ER-15  SPLITROCK               AS-12 SOUTH RIVER*               LS-  4BUNNVALE
                ER-16  BOONTON                 AS-13 CRAB ISLAND                LS-  5McCREA MILLS
                ER-17  CLYDE POTTS             AS-14 MANASQUAW                  LS-  6OLDWICK
                ER-18  COMMONWEALTH            AS-15 TOCKSISLAND                LS-  7BIG NORTH BRANCH
                ER-19  ORANGE                  AS-16 PAULINA                    LS-  8CHIMNEY ROCK
                ER-20  MIDDLESEX               AS-1 7PEOUEST
                                                                                LS-  9ROCKY HILL
                ER-21  SPRUCE RUN              AS-18 HACKETTSTOWN*              LS-10 STONY BROOK
                ER-22  ROUND VALLEY
                ER-23  LAWRENCE BROOK
                ER-24  SWIMMING    RIVER
                ER-25  JUMPING BROOK
                ER-26  GLENDOLA
                       NEWTON                  *Proposed State Reservoirs
                ER-27
<pb n="86" />

                                                      NEEDS.o OPEN SPACE,
             WATER RESOURCES, FACILITIES

             Open Space                                                            the growing pressure for development, the State's expanding
                                                                                   population will require more public open space to satisfy its
                                                                                   recreational desires. Along with the growing recognition of the
                  As the rapid urbanization of New Jersey continues and            problems of preserving open space, there exists a widespread
             leisure time increases, open space will play an increasingly          acceptance of the fact that the problems will have to be solved
             important role in maintaining a desirable living environment          through governmental planning and actions.
             for the residents of the State. Even though the supply of poten-           Not only is open space the basic resource for recreation
             tial open space will decrease considerably in the future under        facility development, it also performs other worthwhile func-
                                                                                   tions, often concurrently. Open space can create breathing
                                                                                   spaces in densely settled areas, shape urban growth, protect
                                                                             44    natural resources, preserve distinct architectural, historic,
                                                                                   geologic and botanic sites, and preserve natural beauty near
                                                                                   urban and suburban development. It is virtually impossible to
                                                                                   assign priorities to these functions because the type of open
                                                                                   space appropriate to the highly developed urban areas is dif-
                                                                                   ferent from the type of open space suitable to rural areas.
                                       0
                                                                                   ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITES

                                                                                        The promotion of the public welfare is the primary objec-
                                                                                   tive which all levels of government share in the development
                                                                                   of park and recreation areas and in the protection and preser-
                                                                                   vation of natural resources. Each of the various levels of gov-
                                                                                                     ume its "share" in different proportions and
                                                                                   ernment must ass
                                                                                   must fulfill its responsibilities in a different manner.
                                                                                        As a general rule of thumb, the higher the level of govern-
                                                                                   ment, the greater the percentage of open space holdings that
                      ---- --- @---                                                should remain relatively undeveloped and held for conservation

             78
<pb n="87" />

                 purposes and preservation of the environmental integrity. Con-                    TABLE 1: OPEN SPACE GUIDELINES
                 versely, the lower the level of government, the greater the                                    FOR NEW JERSEY
                 percentage of open space developed for more intensive recrea-                               Level                                   Acres Per Thousand
                 tional use.                                                                              Municipal                                            8
                        A second general point with regard to the functional dif-                         County                                             12
                 ferences among the various levels of government in the sharing                           State                                              24
                 of open space responsibilities relates to the size of the parcels                        Federal                                            16
                 provided. Each successive level of government, in ascending                                                                                 60 acres
                 order, must assume a greater responsibility for providing larger
                 areas of open space. This follows logically from the first point.
                 At the local level, it is possible to provide for family intensive                Jersey is extremely difficult because of the great variety and
                 recreational activities on relatively small parcels. At the county                extremes of land use found in this State, In addition, none of the
                 level, the types of facilities provided suggest that larger parcels               systems analyzed in the study (National. Recreation Associa-
                 would be required to accommodate these activities. At the state                   tion, Athletic Institute, National Park Service and Regional
                 and federal levels, where a greater emphasis is placed on                         Plan Association) covered the entire range of governmental
                 natural or wilderness areas, much larger holdings are required                    responsibility. Consequently, guidelines have been developed
                 to adequately meet these responsibilities.                                        which combine the most appropriate features for New Jersey.
                        A final general point relates to the problems of time, travel              In the following paragraphs, the guidelines and their derivation
                 distances and means of transportation. Local parks, ideally,                      for each jurisdiction are discussed. It must be noted that the
                 should be within easy access of the people served, preferably                     proposed guidelines, while valid for establishing responsibili-
                 within walking distance. County recreational areas should be                      ties on a statewide basis, are not necessarily realistic for de-
                 located to maximize their accessibility. State parks, although                    fined areas such as municipalities with high population densi-
                 more   'remote, should be spaced so that all people living in urban               ties.
                 concentrations are within 30-45 minutes of adequate state facil-
                 ities, asguming easy flow of traffic.                                                   FEDERAL LEVEL

                                                                                                         The traditional responsibility of the federal level has. been
                 9"NTITATIVE OPEN SPACE                                                            the maintenance of a recreational open space system embrac-
                 GUIDELINES                                                                        ing areas and sites of national interest and concern. These
                                                                                                   areas have been acquired where they occur regardless of their
                        As part of the inventory stage of the Statewide Planning                   proximity to urban concentrations or user accessibility. How-
                 Program, a study entitled "Park and Recreational Land Use in                      ever, the emerging development pattern of the northeast sea-
                 New Jersey" was conducted to examine existing population                          board has necessitated the Federal Government expanding its
                 standards to formulate suitable and realistic open space recre-                   responsibilities to include providing sizable recreation areas
                 ation guidelines for New Jersey. The guidelines used in the                       in close proximity to large urban complexes of high population
                 present plan (see Table 1) are based on the findings of this                      density.
                 study, published in the Open Space Policy Plan, prepared for                            A guideline of 16 acres per 1000 population is proposed
                 the State of New Jersey by the Division of State and Regional                     for the federal level. This guideline was derived by the Division
                 Planning, Department of Community Affairs.                                        of State and Regional Planning by modifying the National Park
                        The application of existing recreation standards to New                    Service standard to fit the needs of New Jersey.

                                                                                                                                                                             79
<pb n="88" />

                   STATE LEVEL                                                        ral elements to beautify the community and create a unifying
                   The State's primary responsibility as administrator of large       natural character.
                                                                                           A reasonable acreage guideline for recreation areas at
              amounts of open space reflects its fiscal capabilities and its          the local level most closely fitting the needs of New Jersey is
              designated duties concerning conservation, water manage-                8 acres per 1000 inhabitants. This figure was strongly influ-
              ment, major supplier of those outdoor recreation activities-            enced by the thinking of both the National Recreation Associa-
              hunting, fishing, camping-which require extensive lands for             tion and the Regional Plan Association. The 10 acres per 1000
              enjoyment, and as the public's guardian of spectacular natural          guideline advanced by the National Recreation Association was
              features such as the Delaware Water Gap.                                found to be an unrealistic goal for the highly developed urban
                   Several studies have shown that it would be feasible to            areas of New Jersey. For this reason, only recreational areas
              reserve at least 10% of New Jersey's land, or 480,000 acres,            within close proximity to their user population are included in
              under the State's jurisdiction at the horizon population level of       the modified guideline of 8 acres per 1000. The remaining 2
              20 million people predicted by the Open Space Policy Plan.              acres per 1000 population, which are usually in large parks and
              When this percentage of land is translated into an acreage per          natural areas, were transferred from the municipal level to the
              population gyideline, a guideline of 24 acres per 1000 popula-          county level. The concept of transferral is an adaptation of the
              tion is indicated and appears quite reasonable for New jersey.          Regional Plan Association method but modified in that the
                                                                                      transfer is aimed at the county systems and not at the other
                   COUNTY LEVEL                                                       lower density municipalities.

                   Large natural wooded or conservation areas, resembling
              regional parks, are being provided by the county along with a
              more intensively developed system of parks, public golf                 OPEN SPACE NEEDS
              courses, and areas for picnicking, swimming, boating, etc.
              These areas serve the needs of several communities but are                   Even though publicly owned open space has increased
              less than regional in scope.                                            substantially in recent years, more must be added now and
                   Various nationally recognized standards agree that a               in the future to accommodate the growing needs of the State;s
              minimum of 10 acres per 1000 population should be provided              population. Increasing land values, fast disappearing vacant
              at the county level. In the next section, which discusses the           land, and the intense competition for land in both urban and
              municipal level, an additional 2 acres per 1000 is transferred          suburban areas of New Jersey require that potential recreation
              from the municipal level resulting in a guideline of 12 acres per       areas be acquired now or be lost forever to other public and
              1000 at the county level.                                               private uses.
                                                                                           To create workable comprehensive recreation program,
                   MUNICIPAL LEVEL                                                    recreation needs in terms of open space land requirements
                                                                                      were defined so that regional and jurisdictional priorities could
                   Municipal open space responsibilities can generally be             be established. In determining general open space recreational
              described as (1) the provision of conveniently located areas            needs on a regional basis for the study years of 1970, 1985 and
              which allow the interaction of people from nearby neighbor-             2000, the jurisdictional guidelines expressed in acreage per
              hoods and schools of the community, (2) the preservation of             population ratios were applied to the regional population data
              natural buffers separating incompatible uses such as industries         to arrive at land requirements which were then compared to
              and busy roads from residential areas, and (3) the use of natu-         the 1970 supply.

              80
<pb n="89" />

                        New Jersey's present supply of public open space, al-                               TABLE 2: OPEN SPACE RECREATION
                  though amounting to 473,685 acres, is not sufficient; statewide                                        LAND NEEDS BY            REGION 1 (acres)
                  deficits at every governmental level amount to 246,952 acres.                             Region                         1970                1985              2000
                  By 1985, this total deficit will grow to 308,072 acres without                            Northwest                      5,336               6,524             8,161
                  additional public acquisition. To meet the needs of the State's                           NorthCentral                   4,418               7,853             12,081
                  population in the year 2000, 381,175 acres will have to be pro-                           Northeast                    157.280             189,149           217,885
                  vided in addition to the 1970 supply. (See Tables 2 and 3.)                               Central Corridor               41,171            50,185              71,858
                                                                                                            North Shore                    13,322            19,134              25,862
                  Federal -Statewide, the Federal level's open space deficit                                Southwest                      19,020            26,545              35,059
                  amounts to 40,779 acres. This deficiency will grow to 55,489                              South Shore                    3,811               5,113             6,706
                  acres by 1985 and to 73,543 acres by the year 2000 without                                Delaware Bay                   2,584               3,569             3,563
                  future acquisition.                                                                       State Totals                 246,952             308,072           381,175
                  State-The present state open space land deficit of 116,579                                TABLE 3: OPEN SPACE RECREATION
                  acres occurs in two regions, the Northeast and Central Cor-                                            LAND NEEDS BY JURISDICTION (acres)
                  ridor. Deficits bf state owned open space are expected to grow                            Jurisdiction                   1970              1985                2000
                  to 134,428 acres by 1985 and 160,384 acres by 2000.                                       Federal2                       40,779            55,489              73,543
                  County-Deficits in county open space occur in all planning                                State                        116,579             134,428           160,384
                  regions and total 48,708 acres. By the year 2000, the defi-                               County                         48,708            65,721              83,627
                  ciency is projected to grow to 83,627 acres.                                              Municipal                      40,886            52,434              63,621
                                                                                                            State Totals                 246,952             308,072           381,175
                  Municipal-There are shortages of municipally owned open
                  space in every region amounting statewide to 40,886 acres.                                'Federal def icit was apportioned according to each region's percent of the
                  Without future acquisition, this deficit will reach 63,621 acres                           total state population.
                                                                                                            ?Federal supply includes the Palisades Interstate Park (2430 acres) in the
                  by the year 2000.                                                                          Northeast Region.

                        DISTRIBUTION OF OPEN SPACE NEEDS                                                    regions. Thus, the dedication of open space in one region does
                        The table illustrating general land needs (Table 2) depicts                         affect other regions.
                  the total deficits in open space acreage by region. There was                                  However, because natural beauty and open space should
                  no attempt to balance the open space surplus in one region                                be part of every man's environment, every region should have
                  against the open space deficiency in another region. However                              a sufficient amount of open space set aside to provide visual
                  a regionally oriented approach to the provision of open spac@                             beauty and a place near at hand for outdoor recreation par-
                  recreational land has its drawbacks, vis-a-vis a statewide ap-                            ticipation for children, the working adult on a weekday night,
                  proach. New Jersey's urban regions, particularly the Northeast,                           and the poor, underprivileged, elderly and handicapped who
                  are hard pressed for land for development and cannot provide                              are restricted in mobility.
                  enough open space to accommodate their population. On a                                        Also, natural resources determine the location of recrea-
                  statewide basis, consideration of New Jersey's small size and                             tion facilities for various activities. Since each region varies
                  short travel time between regions permits the development of                              in the types of natural resources suitable for recreation, a strict-
                  recreational facilities to accommodate residents in nearby                                ly regional approach to open space for recreational use must be

                                                                                                                                                                                          81
<pb n="90" />

              modified to take this into account. Sites of special quality an
                                                                                   d
              high recreation attractiveness must be viewed on a statewide
                                                                                                                                                            PA
              basis since people will be drawn from all regions.
                    Similarly, an open spaae surplus supplied by one level
              of government in a region was not balanced against deficien-                (Z
              cies at other levels of government in the same region. The ac-
              quisition of extensive tracts of land by the State Government i
              a given region might appear to be more than adequate when
                                                                                   n

              acreage per population and balanced land use standards are
              applied, but fails to reflect the different open space responsibili'-
              ties of each governmental level.
                    Thus, each level of government in a region should consider
              dedicated open space equally as important as other land uses.
              An excess of open space land in the form of a vast state park
              ten miles from a municipality cannot replace the need for an
              open space area in the center of town where members of the
              community can meet and relax or where school age children,                       AWN*.
                                                                                               _"W@           ,
              unable to travel long distances, can play.

              REGIONAL ANALYSIS                                                           The 21,733 acres of open space recreational land provided at
                                                                                          present by the region's counties and municipalities satisfies
                    Open space recreational land needs are severest in the                only 32% of the local level responsibilities.
              State's highly urbanized regions while they are comparatively                    The potential for the expansion and acquisition of open
              slight in the characteristically rural regions. (Refer to Table             space in the Northeast Region is limited by the high degree of
              2.) This relationship becomes particularly significant when one             urbanization and intense competition for land. Because of these
              considers the correlation of intensity of development to the                factors, intensive development of high use recreational facili-
              declining availability of suitable open space for public acquisi-           ties can be expected at the local level. At both the federal and
              tion.                                                                       state levels, top open space priority will be given to the acquisi-
                                                                                          tion and preservation of natural areas threatened by encroach-
                    NORTHEAST REGION                                                      ing urbanization and areas for intensive recreational use within
                    This region, with nearly 50% of New Jersey's population,              the urban setting.
              has the State's greatest open space deficit. Deficiencies in the                 CENTRAL CORRIDOR REGION
              provision of open space recreational lands exist at all levels of
              government and amount to 157,280 acres, accounting for 63%                       At all levels of government there is a critical need for open
                                                                                                                    .31-

              of the State's total deficit. The projected 1985 deficit of 189,149         space land acquisition to offset the region's deficit of 41,171
              acres will reach 217,885 acres by the year 2000 if additional               acres. The Central Corridor Region is experiencing rapid urban
              public acquisition is not undertaken.                                       and suburban growth and consequently the region's open space
                    By far the greatest need in this  region is for state provided        deficit will reach 71,858 acres in 2000- nearly double the 1970
              open space since the deficiency at this level amounts to 91,561.            need.

              82
<pb n="91" />

                     State acquisition is sorely needed in this region since the        of activities, and a need exists for expansion of state recreation
                present state supply falls short of adequacy by 25,018 acres.           areas to serve both resident and tourist needs.
                On the local level, counties and municipalities should provide
                9,995 additional acres to meet present requirements.                         NORTHWEST, NORTH CENTRAL, SOUTH SHORE
                     Public open space acquisition should receive a high prior-              AND DELAWARE BAY REGIONS
                ity in this region so that potential open space will not be lost
                permanently to development. If action is not taken within the                In contrast to the urban regions of New Jersey, the rural
                very near future, the Central Corridor will face the same prob-         regions of the Northwest, North Central, South Shore and
                lem as the Northeast: insufficient land resources to meet the           Delaware Bay show limited open space deficits; however, the
                region's needs.                                                         determination of open space adequacy in these regions cannot
                                                                                        be judged solely by acreage-to-population guidelines sinGe
                     SOUTHWEST REGION                                                   these may be misleading when other factors are not considered.
                     At present, an open space recreational land deficit of             Guidelines based on resident population fail to evaluate the
                19,020 acres exists at the county and municipal level in the            impact of transient populations, to incorporate the unique
                Southwest Region. This need is centered primarily along the             natural features of these sparsely settled regions for recreation
                i@tensively developed areas bordering the Delaware River. The           opportunities, to consider the functions of open space in water
                region's growing population will create an open space land              resource management and the other special functions of open
                deficit amounting to 35,059 acres by the turn of the century.           space.
                Unlike other urban regions in New Jersey, the Southwest has                  Because of their unique natural resources, the South
                an excess of state owned open space; all of this land is located        Shore and North Shore regions and, to a lesser degree, the
                in the sparsely populated "Pine Lands."                                 Northwest Region attract a very high seasonal population
                                                                                        seeking opportunities for recreation. These areas are in de-
                     NORTH SHORE REGION                                                 mand not only by New Jersey residents but also by residents
                                                                                        of New Jersey's RSI, particularly Philadelphia and New York.
                     In this region, the present open  space deficiency amount-         In these regions, there exists a need to provide more open
                ing to 13,322 acres occurs at all governmental levels except the        space than acreage-to-population guidelines indicate in order
                State. The continuance of suburban growth caused by the out-            to accommodate this transient population and to maintain the
                ward expansion from the heavily populated regions of northern           natural character essential to the setting of outdoor recreation.
                New Jersey is expected to transform the North Shore Region,                  Though surpluses of open space, based on the foregoing
                once a tourist oriented area, into a year-round residential region      criteria, are indicated at the state level in the Northwest and
                with a 2000 population exceeding one million people. This tran-         North Central regions, a critical need exists for even more
                sition will result in the region experiencing a need for 25,862         dedicated open space there to perform the essential functions
                acres of open space by the year 2000. As with the Southwest             of watershed management and preservation of water storage
                Region, the open space deficiency is most acute at the local            areas serving the urbanized regions of northern New Jersey.
                level where 9,611 acres are required to meet the current needs.         Similarly, although there are vast amounts of state owned land
                     Noteworthy is the fact that most of the region's supply is         functioning as aquifer recharge basins and wildlife and fish
                concentrated along the ocean and there is a need to acquire             habitats in the North Shore, Southwest, South Shore and Dela-
                open space to serve other than water oriented recreational              ware Bay regions state holdings should be expanded further to
                activities. In addition, a great majority of the State's holdings       protect these essential resources in their entirety and permit
                are fishing and hunting grounds which allow for a limited variety       their proper management.

                                                                                                                                                         83
<pb n="92" />

              Water Resources

              NEEDS9 PROBLEMS
              AND POTENTIAL

                    Water is a key factor in outdoor recreation activities
              described as water-based, such as swimming, boating, and
              fishing. Other activities, although not actually requiring water
              as a resource, are greatly enhanced by its presence; camping
              and picnicking are examples of such activities.
                    In the water resources supply section, 50,000 acres of                                                              N
              fresh water, 6,448 miles of streams and rivers, 127 miles of
              Atlantic coastline and 390,000 acres of estuarine waters were
              reported as potential recreational water resources for the
              State. Yet, the results of the regional developed facility analysis
              indicate that regional facility deficits exist for three of the four
              water-based activities examined. (See Table 4.) Swimming,
              fishing and boating showed a combined statewide facility de-
              ficiency of 55,152 people. According to the demand projec-
              tions, the water resources now available for natural ice skating
              will be insufficient by 1985 in two regions.
                    In this section, the recreational potential of each region's
              water resources is examined in relation to present and future
              regional recreational demands for water-based activities, and
              the apparent reasons contributing to facility deficits are cited.
              It was necessary to restrict the activities studied to the four            ences makes it apparent that      the facility surpluses or deficits
              water-based activities analyzed in the regional needs study-               shown in the regional analysis    are not necessarily representa-
              swimming, boating, fishing, and natural ice skating -because               tive of individual subregions nor of the need for specific types
              of the availability of data and the ability to convert facility def-       of facilities.
              icits to water resource requirements.                                           The methodology used in the determination of regional
                    Analyzing the potential of the supply reported in the Supply         facility needs did not take the demand location factor into
              of Water Resources Chapter to satisfy the facility deficits de-            account; the supply and demand for an entire region was com-
              rived for the four water-based activities is complicated by                pared. Since there are demands generated by a region's
              several factors: the location of demand in relation to the dis-            residents for close-to-home swimming, fishing, boating and ice
              tribution of supply, the types of recreation experiences provided          skating opportunities, an evaluation of the adequacy of a
              by the various water resources, and the degree of public access            region's facility supply to meet the demand for one of these
              to reported recreational water resources. By evaluating each of            activities should consider the distribution of the supply within
              these elements, a greater understanding of the nature of facility          the region. Obviously, facilities located in one section of a
              needs is gained. In some instances, an analysis of these influ-            region will not satisfy the close-to-home demands of residents

              84
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                 of another section. Thus, in regions with apparent facility sur-                  TABLE 4: FACILITY CAPACITY DEFICITS FOR
                 pluses there may be pockets of unmet demand. In the two                                       WATER-BASED RECREATION ACTIVITIES
                 shore regions, for example, there are ample swimming op-                                      (Recreation Days on an Average
                 portunities available in the bays and along the Atlantic beaches.                             Weekend Day in the Peak Season)
                 However, these resources are not close enough to meet the
                 total swimming demand of residents of the interior communities                                                                                   Natural
                 and therefore additional facilities should be provided in these                    Region/Year      Swimming        Boating       Fishing     Ice Skating
                 communities.                                                                      Northwest
                       Because    the various water resources -freshwater lakes                      1970                               2,559
                 and ponds, bays, rivers and streams, and the Atlantic Ocean -                       1985                               9,181
                 provide distinctly different fishing, boating and swimming                          *2000             37,528           8,470
                 experiences, people have preferences regarding the experi-                        North Central
                                                                                                     1970                               3,113
                 ences associated with each resource. Therefore, to properly                         1985                              15,356
                 analyze a region's water resource supply in terms of recreation                     2000              28,281          15,240
                 demand, the composition of the supply must be studied. This                       Northeast
                 is particularly applicable to the two shore regions where there                     1970                9,675         22,110
                                                                                                     1985              61,653          12,094          500          3,774
                 are abundant bay and ocean opportunities along the coastal                          2000              80,010           7,110       5,400         153,800
                 zone. These resources are capable of satisfying most of the                       Central Corridor
                 regions' away demands and substantial portions of the home                          1970                               7,211       1,795
                 demands. Still, the remaining demands for the freshwater                            1985              12,901          14,511       4,076
                 boating, fishing and swimming opportunities and pool swimming                       2000              51,200          10,700       4,240
                 experiences should be recognized and given the proper atten-                      North Shore
                                                                                                     1970
                 tion.                                                                               1985                               9,336                     21,466
                       Recreational use of a water body is determined to a great                     2000                              29,680                     59,100
                 extent by its accessibility, the ability of potential users to reach              Southwest
                 the resource and then to use it for the desired activity. A prob-                   1970                               2,686
                                                                                                     1985                               9,886
                 lem is encountered when using the supply information re-                            2000              25,526          10,400
                 ported in the lakes, ponds and reservoirs inventory because the                   South Shore
                 accessibility of water bodies reported as open for general                          1970                               6,003
                 public recreational use was not indicated. A lake or pond, for                      1985                              30,168
                 example, may be open for general public recreational use but                        2000                              33,710
                 accessible only by foot; thus, the type and quantity of equip-                    Delaware Bay
                                                                                                     1970
                 ment which may be used by the recreationists is limited to that                     1985
                 which can be carried. In such cases, the resource is not avail-                     2000                               2,500
                 able for most types of boating use. in addition, specific facilities              State Totals
                 are required to make water resources accessible for many                            1970                9,675         43,682       1,795
                                                                                                     1985              74,554         100,532       4,576         25,240
                 recreation activities, e.g., beaches for swimming.                                  2000             222,545         117,810       9,640         212,900
                      For the purposes of this analysis, the lack of access to
                 available recreational water resources was assumed to be a                        *In determining the facility deficits for the year 2000, it was assumed
                 significant factor contributing to a region's water-based facility                that the 1985 deficits had been satisfied.

                                                                                                                                                                         85
<pb n="94" />

              deficits when sizable discrepancies were noted between the               can be attributed to the fact that many of the region's water
              lakes, ponds, and reservoirs inventory reported recreational             bodies are smaller than the minimum size necessary for boat-
              water surface acreage, and the supply of water-based facili-             ing use. Still, the magnitude of the discrepancy indicates that
              ties reported by the jurisdictions providing recreation. This            many of the region's resources are inaccessible because of the
              assumption is based upon the feeling that jurisdictions only             lack of physical access and adequate facilities.
              reported as existing recreation supply, water bodies which                    To provide the swimming opportunities to meet the North-
              have adequate public access. Areas closed to recreational use,           west's future needs, beaches should be developed by the
              whether privately or publicly owned, are considered legally              public and private sectors to make the region's resources
              inaccessible in the study.                                               accessible. At the municipal level, swimming pools should be
                                                                                       constructed to satisfy the close-to-home demand for opportuni-
              REGIONAL ANALYSIS                                                        ties. Physical and legal access to the region's water resources
                   NORTHWEST REGION                                                    would meet the Northwest's present and future unmet demands
                                                                                       for boating. Public agencies should construct access roads and
                   The Northwest Region has been richly endowed with                   ramps for greater use of their resources and the private sector
              natural water resources. In addition to the region's 185 lakes           should be encouraged to open their resources to the general
              and ponds totaling over 8,000 acres of water surface, there              public.
              are 6 reservoirs providing a total of 4,145 acres. There are
              also many high quality streams and rivers flowing through the                 NORTH CENTRAL REGION
              region.
                   At present, the Northwest's demand for water-oriented                    The North Central Region leads the State in freshwater
              activities, except boating, is being met by the existing supply.         surface area with 17,519 acres. Lakes and ponds account for
              The 1970 boating need of 2,559 people will reach 9,181 people            11,151 acres while reservoirs account for the remaining 6,368
              by 1985. By the turn of the century, the region's existing supply        acres. The public sector owns a little more than half of the
              of facilities will fail to meet the region's demands for swimming        region's lakes and ponds water surface and all but one of the
              by 37,528 people and for boating by 17,651 people.                       North Central's fourteen reservoirs.
                   Apparently, the Northwest's water resources are sufficient               Although the North Central Region has a copious supply
              to meet the needs if their potential is fully realized. There are        of water resources it has a present unmet demand for boating
              several factors, however, which at present tend to inhibit such          opportunities of 3,113 people which will increase to 30,596
              utilization. Ownership and the lack of access -are the two pri-          people by the year 2000. By the turn of the century, the region
              mary factors, and in the case of boating, the size of individual         will also need additional swimming facilities to accommodate
              water bodies.                                                            28,281 people.
                   The private sector owns nearly 6,500 acres of water sur-                 Like the Northwest Region, the North Central Region pos-
              face and yet little more than 500 acres of this total is open to         sesses sufficient water resources to meet its present and
              the public for recreational use. Another 3,500 acres of the pri-         future requirements. Mutiple use of reservoirs and greater
              vate sector's supply is used for private recreational use.               public use of privately owned resources will be necessary,
                   While the Northwest Region has over 5,988 acres of                  however, to meet the region's growing needs.
              publicly owned recreational water surface, the region's various               The recreational potential of the region's reservoirs is
              jurisdictions providing recreation facilities reported only 2,507        tremendous; however, to date, little has been done to tap this
              water surface acres as boating supply. Part of this discrepancy          resource. In this region with 6,368 acres of reservoirs, 6,359

              86
<pb n="95" />

                of which are publicly owned, more reservoir acreage could be               for public recreation and the unsuitable water quality of many
                opened for recreation than just the 4 acres currently available.           resources for certain recreation activities -would lower the
                     While the private sector accounts for over 5,000 water                Northeast's 1985 facility needs for swimming, boating and
                surface acres, it provides only 412 acres for public recreation.           fishing, much of the region's demands for these activities will
                Greater public use of private resources is necessary.                      have to be met outside of the region. Discounting the demands
                     Full utilization of the North Central's existing water re-            which will be satisfied in other regions, the Northeast will still
                sources and the proposed state reservoir (1,300 acres) will                have unmet demands by 1985 for swimming, boating and fish-
                alleviate the region's present and future boating needs and                ing amounting to 61,653, 12,094 and 500 people, respectively.
                most of the region's future swimming needs. The remaining                  By the year 2000, the region's unmet demands will reach
                portion of the region's swimming needs should be met at the                141,663 people for swimming, 19,204 people for boating and
                local level through the provision of swimming pools and beach-             5,900 people for fishing without additional facility development.
                es within easy reach of urban residents.                                         Although faced with an enormous projected natural ice
                                                                                           skating deficit of 157,574 people by the year 2000, the North-
                                                                                           east can satisfy this need through better utilization of its existing
                                                                                           natural resources. In terms of facilities, the local jurisdictions
                                                                                           must provide 217 acres of water surface by the turn of the
                                                                                           century.
                                                 rr                                              At present, only 520 acres of lakes, ponds and reservoirs
                                                                                           in the region are available for public recreational use. Of the
                                                                                           Northeast's total reservoir surface area of 3,675 acres, only
                                                                                           105 acres, all of which are privately owned, are used for recrea-
                                                                                           tion. In this region where there is a critical need for recreational
                                                                                           water surface, the virtual non use of reservoirs is an extrava-
                                                                                           gance
                                                                                                   which can be ill afforded. It is appreciated, however, that
                                                                                           the reservoirs are operated for water supply purposes and
                                                                             7-j
                                                                                           that infrequent drawdowns will limit utilization of these facilities
                                                                                           for recreational purposes.
                                                                                                 Under current plans, the water quality of most of the
                                                                                           Northeast's rivers and drainage basins will be upgraded to the
                     NORTHEAST REGION                                                      point of permitting contact recreational use. Elimination of
                                                                                           water pollution as a primary limiting factor in the use of the
                     The Northeast Region's existing freshwater surface                    region's water resources will contribute significantly to the
                acreage is sizable, 5,312 acres; but its recreational potential            Northeast's potential supply of facilities for water-based activi-
                falls far short of accommodating the region's year 2000 pro-               ties.
                jected demands for boating, fishing, and swimming. As the                        If the federal flood control proposal for the Passaic River, is
                State's most populous region, the Northeast shows the greatest             adopted, one or two major conservation pools, large portions
                present and future home demands for water-oriented activities.             of which will be in the Northeast Region, will be formed, creat-
                     Though reduction of the factors presently limiting recrea-            ing up to 7,600 acres of water area. This water surface will have
                tional use of the Northeast's water resources-the reluctance               the potential to alleviate a substantial portion of the region's
                on the part of public and private owners to open their resources           future water activity needs.

                                                                                                                                                               87
<pb n="96" />

                  CENTRAL CORRIDOR REGION                                              ity of the polluted resources must be upgraded to acceptable
                  The Central Corridor's water resources totaling 2,052                levels. Swimming pool development in the urban areas will be
             surface acres consist of 57 lakes arfd ponds with 1,950 acres             necessary to satisfy the demand geneeated by city residents
             and 2 reservoirs totaling 102 acres. At present, the recreational         for close-to-home opportunities.
             use of many of the region's rivers and streams is restricted by                Most of the Central Corridor's future water activity needs
             water pollution; however, most of the Central Corridor's water            will be satisfied by the construction of four state and federal
             resources are scheduled for upgrading programs which will                 water supply or control projects. Approximately 1,650 acres of
             improve water quality to a level acceptable for most forms of             recreational water surface will be created by the two state
             recreation.                                                               reservoirs programmed for the region. In addition, the U.S.
                  The majority of the Central Corridor's water surface, u   .nlike     Corps of Engineers' proposed Crab Island Dam on the Lower
             that of many regions, is open for public recreational use. This           Raritan River would add 1,900 acres to the region's water
             amounts to 1,344 acres. However, there is a considerable gap              surface. Also, portions of the conservation pools planned in the
             between this figure and the supply of boating and fishing water           federal flood control proposal for the Passaic River will extend
             acreage reported by the various jurisdictions indicating a                into the northern section of the region.
             general lack of access to the available water bodies.
                  A sizable boating facility deficit exists at present; the
             region's facilities are unable to accommodate 7,211 people who
             desire boating opportunities on an average weekend day during
             the peak season. This present unmet boating demand will
             increase to 14,511 people by 1985 and soar to 25,211 people
             by the year 2000. A need for fishing facilities also exists. The
             present fishing facilities deficit of 1,795 people will grow to
             4,076 people by 1985 and to 8,316 people by the turn of the
             century.
                  Though the existing facilities appear sufficient to accom-
             modate the region's swimming demand, except in the highly
             urbanized cities, they will fall far short of accommodating the
             1985 demand by 12,901 people and the 2000 demand by 64,101
             people. Without the development of additional swimming facili-
             ties, the unmet 2000 demand for swimming will rank highest                     NORTH SHORE REGION
             among the region's thirteen outdoor recreation activities ana-
             lyzed in the developed facilities needs study.                                 Opportunities for water-based recreation abound along the
                  The Central Corridor's existing water resources have the             North Shore's Atlantic coastline. Fishing, boating, shellfishing,
             recreational potential to satisfy a substantial portion of the            and water skiing are among the many activities enjoyed on the
             region's present and future swimming and fishing needs and a              region's bays. Recreationists can also walk along the North
             significant part of the boating needs. But to take advantage of           Shore's fine beaches or swim in the surf. Besides the region's
             this potential, adequate access must be provided to both pub-             abundant saltwater resources, there are 2,747 acres of fresh-
             licly and privately owned areas. Facilities such as boat ramps            water surface and miles of rivers and streams offering recrea-
             and swimming beaches must be developed, and the water qual-               tional potential.

             88
<pb n="97" />

                     The region's facilities for water-based recreation activities             SOUTHWEST REGION
                appear sufficient to meet the North Shore's present demands.
                But by 1985 the North Shore will need additional natural ice                   The Southwest Region's water resources include 3,527
                skating areas and boating facilities for projected unmet de-              acres of lakes, ponds and reservoirs and the Delaware River
                mands of 21,466 people and 9,366 people, respectively.                    and its numerous tributaries. Unfortunately, recreational use of
                     At present, the many fine municipal and commercial                   the Delaware River, which borders the region to the west and
                beach facilities along New Jersey's famed Atlantic coastline              is within easy access of the majority of the Southwest's resi-
                appear adequate to accommodate the present and future                     dents, has been inhibited by water pollution. Water quality is
                swimming demands of the North Shore Region. However,                      also a problem of the Delaware's tributaries as they flow
                further analysis of the swimming supply in terms of distribution          through the densely populated strip lining the Delaware River
                and the types of opportunities provided reveals regionwide                in this region.
                needs for freshwater beaches and swimming pools. The North                     At present, the Southwest has a deficit of boating facilities:
                Shore's abundant coastal facilities are located too distant from          the 1970 unmet demand amounts to 2,686 people. Facilities
                the region's intorior communities to meet the close-to-home               for the three other water-based activities, swimming, fishing
                swimming demands generated by residents. In addition, the                 and natural ice skating, are sufficient to handle the region's
                coastal based facilities cannot satisfy the swimming demand               present and 1985 demands. By the turn of the century, the
                for freshwater and pool opportunities. Because the user fees              Southwest will need additional swimming facilities to accom-
                charged at commercial beaches and pools often act as barriers             modate 25,526 people and boating facilities to satisfy a pro-
                to general public use, particularly to large families, the public         jected unmet demand of 20,286 people.
                sector should develop the majority of the required facilities.                 Analysis of the region's existing swimming supply indi-
                     It is evident that the North Shore's present and projected           cates, however, that a substantial portion of the swimming
                natural ice skating deficits and its future boating facility needs        facilities provided by the municipal level, the Southwest's
                are results of -lack of access rather than lack of water re-              primary contributor of swimming opportunities, occurs in the
                sources. Adequate access in the form of legal and physical                region's non-urban communities. Therefore, additional swim-
                access to the region's thousands of acres of bays, the publicly           ming facilities should be developed in the region's urban cen-
                owned lakes, ponds and reservoirs water surface of 1,529                  ters to service these areas. Such facilities should consist
                acres, the 1,217 acres of privately owned freshwater surface,             primarily of swimming pools since natural opportunities are
                and the proposed state reservoirs totaling 860 acres will allevi-         limited.
                ate the North Shore's facility needs for these activities.                     Evidently the lack of physical and legal access to the
                     Rampant pollution has already closed swimming beaches                region's water resources is the major cause of the Southwest's
                lining the bay shore area of the Raritan-Sandy Hook        Bay and        present and future boating facility deficits. The lakes, ponds
                threatens to close some of the region's other fine beaches.               and reservoirs inventory reported 1,232 acres of public recrea-
                A direct result of the pollution problem has been the reduction           tion water surface while the various jurisdictions providing
                in harvestable shellfish. State action encouraging and coordi-            recreation facilities reported a total boating supply amounting
                nating local abatement programs is necessary to restore and               to less than 5% of the inventory acreage indicating a general
                realize the area's potential for water-oriented recreation. The           lack of physical access. In terms of legal access, only 353
                proximity of the North Shore to the densely populated north-              acres of the private sector's 2,295 acres of water surface are
                eastern section of the State adds greatly to the importance of            open for public recreation. Recreational use of another 858
                protecting the region's valuable water resources.                         acres is restricted solely to private use.

                                                                                                                                                             89
<pb n="98" />

                    Upgrading of the region's substandard water resources               lem lies in gaining access to these resources. Alleviation of
               and providing adequate legal and physical access to these                the South Shore's shortage of boating facilities requires public
               resources will alleviate most of the region's need for water             and private development of boat launching ramps and marinas.
               facilities. In the case of swimming, future facilities, whether in             Like the other shore region's swimming facilities, the
               the form of pools or beaches, will have to be developed near             South Shore's supply is saltwater based and is concentrated,
               and within the region's urbanized areas.                                 therefore, along the coastal zone. Although not obvious, a need
                                                                                        exists within the region for swimming pools and freshwater
               Belleplain State Forest                                                  beaches to provide alternatives to ocean and bay bathing.
                                                                                        This need is most pronounced in the region's urban centers and
                                                                                        interior communities.

                                                                                              DELAWARE BAY REGION
                                                         A 1"2
                                                                                              This region, receiving its name from the Delaware Bay
              ell,                                                                      which it borders, is fortunate in terms of potential recreational
                                                      Ila,                              water resources. In addition to New Jersey's portion of the
                                                                                        Delaware Bay -over 225,000 acres -the region hasover3,336
                                                                A                       acres of publicly and privately owned freshwater surface.
                                                                                              Rural in character and, at present, relatively inaccessible
                                                                                        to the large urban areas, the Delaware Bay has low home and
                                                                                        away demands for recreation opportunities. Consequently, the
                    SOUTH SHORE REGION                                                  region's existing facilities for the four water-based activities
                    The South Shore's coastal   resources consisting of over 70         of swimming, boating, fishing and natural ice skating appear
               miles of Atlantic Ocean shoreline and thousands of acres of              adequate to accommodate the present and 1985 demands. By
               bays has long attracted tourists seeking water-based recrea-             the turn of the century, however, additional boating facilities
               tion opportunities. In addition to its saltwater resources, the          will be needed to accommodate 2,500 people.
               South Shore has over 3,294 acres of lakes, ponds and reser-                    As a recreation resource the Delaware Bay is underuti-
               voirs and many miles of clean, unpolluted rivers and streams.            lized. At present, access to this vast recreation resource is
                    Although the millions of visitors attracted annually to the         limited by the lack of developed facilities, e.g., swimming
               South Shore generate tremendous demands for water-based                  beaches, boat launching ramps, etc. Primary responsibility for
               recreation, the region's existing facilities, with exception of          developing these facilities rests with the State since it already
               boating facilities, appear adequate to accommodate present               owns extensive bay frontage.
               and future demands. The region's present unmet boating de-                     Although the Delaware Bay is primarily rural in nature,
               mand of 6,003 people is projected to soar to 63,878 people by            there are pockets of urban development. For residents of these
               the year 2000 without the provision of additional facilities.            urban communities, the region's coastal facilities, especially
                    Since the South Shore fronts on the vast Atlantic Ocean             those for swimming, are too distant to meet all their needs. To
               and has thousands of acres of bays, plus lakes, ponds and                accommodate the demand for swimming opportunities close to
               reservoirs within its boundaries, it is obvious that it does not         home, local levels of government should develop new swim-
               lack the resources to satisfy boating demands. Rather the prob-          ming beaches and pools.

               90
<pb n="99" />

               SURFACE WATER 9"LITY                                                           Certain beach and water areas along polluted rivers and
                                                                                         bays could be enclosed by concrete structures. The polluted
               IMPROVEMENT                                                               water would be filtered, purified and then fed into such enclo-
                                                                                         sures. Properly designed, these enclosures would provide a
                     During the past decade the State of New Jersey has taken            sense of swimming in a large natural area rather than in an
               positive steps toward checking water pollution and improving              enclosed artificial pool. The other side of the enclosure could
               the quality of its salt and freshwater resources: water quality           be used for docking boats, and the top for walkways and sun-
               standards that are in conformance with federal guidelines have.           bathing areas.
               been adopted; the surface waters of the State have been cl     *assi-          Enclosed swimming areas using filtered water are entirely
               fled according to their best uses and the appropriate water               feasible from a construction and perhaps even an economic
               quality criteria have been applied; an active enforcement                 point of view. This technique is  Icertainly no substitute for the
               program has been undertaken; and funds from stateand federal              cleaning of marginal waters, but it might very will be used as
               sources have been made available for the construction of                  a temporory measure until adequate treatment of the entire
               water pollution abatement facilities by local units of govern-            river or stream is achieved.
               ment.
                     New Jersey, like the other industrial states of the nation,         RESERVOIRS
               faces a massive task which will take time and large expendi-
               tures of public and private funds. Under the present classifica-               Throughout the plan reference has been made to the open-
               tion systems, the water quality of the vast majority of the State's       ing of public and private water storage reservoirs to swimming,
               surface water resources will be maintained or upgraded so as              boating, fishing, ice skating, and other water-based activities.
               to permit contact recreational use, e.g., swimming and water              This concept, however, has created much controversy.
               skiing. Only sections of the tidal zones of several rivers will be             Those in favor of recreational use of reservoirs state these
               restricted to secondary contact uses, e.g., fishing and boating           points: (a) the opening of reservoirs for recreational opportuni-
               by water quality.                                                         ties will make it possible for a large number of people to enjoy
                                                                                         outdoor facilities, (b) pollution problems in many existing raw
               UTILIZATION OF POLLUTED           WATERS                                  water sources are greater than would be created by swimmers
               IN URBANIZED AREAS                                                        and attendant crowds, (c) facilities now available for water
                                                                                         treatment can maintain a safe supply of water in spite of the
                     Many large   urban areas in New Jersey have the greatest            introduction of, some pollution, and (d) the physical contact
               demand for water-based activities; yet these areas have the               and associated waste disposal of large groupings of people
               fewest natural resources because many rivers and streams in               would not present any greater health problem than other uses
               urban areas suffer from critical water pollution. Plans for pol-          of lands adjacent to reservoirs.
               lution abatement will alleviate much of this problem, although                 The opponents of using water supply reservoirs for recrea7
               these plans may require an extended period of time for im-                tion contend that: (a) swimmers and other sportsmen are rep-
               plementation. One possible solution to this problem may be                resentative of the minority of water users and of those who
               the idea of filtering a section of a polluted urban river for swim-       pay for the reservoir, (b) poor quality water sources have    been
               ming. This approach could be used in the urbanized areas of               used in the past only through necessity, (c) stored water -used
               New Jersey as it has been ac     'complished in Paris where sec-          for recreation will require filtration and, therefore, it is unfair
               tions of the Seine River have been enclosed, filtered and used            that all taxpayars must bear this burden of cost to accommo-
               for swimming.                                                             date the recreational desires of a few, and (d) water treatment

                                                                                                                                                           91
<pb n="100" />

               is not foolproof in preventing the transmission of water-borne            have altered former views concerning recreation resoonsibili-
               diseases.                                                                 ties.
                    For the most part, the question of using water supply                      New highways and increased mobility, i.e., high speed
               reservoirs for recreational purposes is viewed largely as an              mass transit that will bring rural parks within almost instant
               economic matter. Techniques are well developed for treat-                 reach of urban dwellers, may also require a re-examination of
               ment of water to reduce its bacteriological hazard essentially            traditional responsibilities.
               to zero. Engineering techniques are also available for removing                 Urbanization in New Jersey is perhaps the major force
               dissolved materials from waters. Thus, to use water supply                motivating changes in traditional roles and responsibilities.
               reservoirs for recreation, a municipality or water company                New Jersey, already the most densely populated state in the
               would have to treat the supply to a greater degree and at a               nation, is gaining over 300 people every day and is developing
               greater cost than would be the case if they were not open to              between 5,000 and 10,000 acres of former agricultural land
               recreational use.                                                         yearly. Outgrowths of this rapid urbanization, such as rising
                    It is encouraging to note that the City of Newark recently           land costs and escalating taxes, are among the factors influ-
               completed a study of the recreational potential of its Pequan-            encing these traditional role changes by reducing the private
               nock Watershed which includes six reservoirs totaling 1,942               sector's ability to fulfill former responsibilities. Responding to
               water surface acres. If the recommendations of the study are              the crucial need to retain green oases for outdoor recreation
               adopted and implemented, opportunities for swimming, sailing              and provide additional facilities to meet expanding recreational
               and canoeing, fishing and ice skating along with other activities         needs, the various levels of government are enlarging their
               will be provided.                                                         traditional roles to assume greater responsibilities.

                                                                                               FEDERAL

                                                                                               Traditionally, the Federal Government's role in New Jersey
               Faeffities                                                                has been focused on the preservation and conservation of his-
                                                                                         toric sites and natural areas of national significance. However,
               ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITES                                                 in recent years, the federal role in outdoor recreation has been
               IN THE BEVEL OPMENT OF                                                    greatly enlarged in scope as evidenced by several factors.
                                                                                         First, the Federal Government has initiated matching federal
               RECREATION FA CltITZES                                                    grants to assist state and local recreation planning and develop-
                                                                                         ment. Second, it has sold or leased on a long term basis 375
                    In order to a@sign jurisdictional responsibilities for the           acres of federal surplus property for park or recreation pur-
               development of recreation facilities to meet future needs, each           poses at discount prices to the state, county and municipal
               recreation activity must be analyzed in relation to traditional           units of government, and under the new Legacy of Parks Pro-
               roles associated with providing these opportunities and the               gram, which empowers the General Services Administration
               new roles which are likely to evolve. Because of innovations in           to dispose of surplus property at 100% discount for park and
               certain activities and increased urbanization forecasted for              recreation uses, the Federal Government has transferred 772
               1985 and 2000, the concept of traditional roles will most prob-           acres to state and local agencies. Third, it has planned develop-
               ably change. Already innovations in our traditional modes of              ment of the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area in
               outdoor recreation, such as low cost devices to make artificial           northwestern New Jersey. Most significantly, the Federal
               snow and equipment such as pop-up tents and luxury trailers,              Government will establish the Gateway National Recreation

               92
<pb n="101" />

                Area in the center of the northern New Jersey-New York urban                    LOCAL
                complex, indicating that it will assume a greater responsibility                At the local level, the rapid expansion and development
                for providing recreation opportunities in or close to urban                of recently established county park systems in Cape May,
                areas.                                                                     Mercer, Monmouth, Morris and Somerset counties, the re-
                     The Surplus Property Program offers an excellent oppor-               sponse to the Green Acres land acquisition programs, and the
                tunity for federal, state and local cooperation in providing               numerous applications submitted for federal matching fund
                recreation facilities for the benefit of the public. According to          assistance for facility development are indications that New
                a recent inventory, federal agencies own nearly 125,000 acres              Jersey's counties and municipalities are responding to the
                of land in New Jersey. Slightly over 45,000 acres are dedicated            public's increasing need for outdoor recreation opportunities
                to recreation open space or related functions, leaving nearly
                80,000 acres dedicated to other uses. Federal military agencies            close to home.
                own the majority of this acreage in the form of expansive instal-               PRIVATE
                lations with Fort Dix, occupying 31,992 acres in Burlington
                County, being the largest. Ranging in size from the large mili-                 The private sector, composed of commercial enterprises,
                tary reservations to the less than one acre lots used for Post             private or restricted membership clubs and quasi-public organi-
                Offipes, many of the federal properties in New Jersey offer                zations, is the major contributor of facilities for many recreation
                excellent recreation development potential when declared                   activities. The future role of the private sector in the provision
                surplus, particularly in or close to urban areas where many are            of outdoor recreation facilities will largely be determined by
                located.                                                                   economics since the commercial concerns, the largest seg-
                                                                                           ment of the private sector, will only supply facilities which prove
                     STATE                                                                 profitable (e.g., boat marinas and campgrounds).

                     The State's traditional role has centered on providing
                facilities for activities which are extensive in nature. The State         ACTIVITY ANALYSIS
                has enlarged upon this traditional recreational responsibility                  In the following paragraphs, a breakdown of jurisdictional
                in response to problems created by urbanization and its roles              responsibilities for the provision of opportunities for each of
                as dispenser and coordinator of federal and state funds for local          the twelve activities analyzed is presented. These responsibili-
                recreation programs. Examples of the State's expanded role in
                outdoor recreation are apparent: the initiation of the Green               ties are outlined in general terms since in each study region the
                Acres Program to acquire open space recreation land now to                 relative resources and capabilities of the various jurisdictions
                serve future needs; the undertaking in cooperation with local              differ.
                governmental units of projects serving primarily urban resi-               Swimming-Of all outdoor recreation activities, the highest
                dents, e.g., Liberty State Park; the integration of recreation as          demand now and in the future is for swimming and related
                a significant part of interstate planning; the provision of public         water-oriented activities such as fishing and boating. New
                facilities, of broad, popular appeal, e.g., Sandy Hook and Island          Jersey, bordered on three sides by water and possessing nu-
                Beach State Parks; the multiple use development of Spruce                  merous inland waterways and over 50,000 acres of lakes and
                Run and Round Valley Reservoirs to serve recreation needs                  ponds, offers an apparent abundance of natural opportunities
                and water supply; and the development of facilities not pre-               for water-oriented and related activities. However, man-made
                viously provided at state recreation sites, e.g., a golf course            barriers have seriously inhibited the full use of our waters for
                at Allaire State Park.                                                     recreation by the general public.

                                                                                                                                                             93
<pb n="102" />

                   At present, 97% of the existing swimming facilities are            river's recreational potential. Access points, with suitable
              provided by the private sector and municipal level. In many             accompanying facilities for overnight camping, will be spaced
              cases, high user fees or restrictions limiting use to residents of      at intervals equal to the averageldaily travel distance of a
              a community or members of a club act as barriers to general             canoer. Similarly, the State is planning to develop the Delaware
              public use of these resources. The State is responsible for             and Raritan Canal as a recreational waterway with such water-
              providing facilities with broad, popular appeal and reasonable          related facilities as picnic tables and campsites provided along
              user fees. Consequently, the State should continue to acquire           the canal's course. Opportunities for providing water skiing,
              and develop new areas similar to Island Beach, Sandy Hook               sail boating and ice boating should be explored by the various
              and Hopatcong State Parks and multi-use Spruce Run and                  levels of government.
              Round Valley Reservoirs to accommodate the general public's                  At present, the private sector provides 86% of all boating
              need for adequate swimming facilities. Such state action would          berths in New Jersey. Encouragement and assistance should
              serve to protect the vulnerable coastal beaches from the de-            be given to the private sector to continue its role as New Jer-
              leterious effects of beach erosion and poorly planned develop-          sey's major supplier of boating accommodations and boat ser-
              ment.                                                                   vice facilities.
                   The need for swimming facilities is greatest in urban areas
              where, in many instances, man-made barriers in the form of              Fishing-Water pollution seriously affects participation in
              air and water pollution prevent the full use of natural water           fishing. Unchecked pollution has disrupted the balance of
              resources. It appears that present and future deficiencies in           nature and greatly diminished natural reproduction of fish in
              the supply of swimming facilities in these areas will, of neces-        many of New Jersey's water bodies. Inedible, low grade
              sity, be met largely by construction of swimming pools. At pres-        species able to tolerate polluted waters have replaced the more
              ent, the private sector is the primary supplier of swimming             desirable fish, thus forcing many sport fishermen to travel
              pools (82% of the State's pools), but in the future the county          further for good fishing opportunities. The State should provide
              and murlicipal levels will have to provide a larger proportion          the incentive and administrative framework for water quality
              of swimminp pools within easy access of the population.                 management programs in coordination with the enforcement of
                                                                                      anti-pollution ordinances at the local level. The state and fed-
              Boating- Accessibility in the form of additional launching,             eral levels should continue to make funds available to local
              mooring, and boat rental facilities is needed to unlock the             governments for the construction of new sewerage facilities
              obvious potential of New Jersey's water resources for boating           and the upgrading of existing facilities.
              opportunities. The State should play the pivotal role in the                 The fact that many of the State's waters are capable, of
              procurement of rights-of-way and stream rambles in order to             providing quality fishing for large numbers of anglers is attrib-
              provide boaters legal access to water bodies. Municipalities,           uted to the fish rearing and stocking program of the Division of
              counties and the State should coordinate actions to develop             Fish, Game and Shellfisheries. This is particularly true in the
              these resources to their fullest by providing canoe and boat            heavily fished waters of the densely populated urban areas,
              rentals, launch facilities and marinas. The State should con-           and in those waters which, because of pollution that is manifest
              tinue developing reservoirs for multiple use like Spruce Run and        by high natural temperatures, are capable of supporting quality
              Round Valley.                                                           fish only during the spring or fall seasons when temperatures
                   Recreational waterways should be established by the State          are acceptable. In many areas this has been the only way that
              with adequate access and supporting facilities. The State of            a pleasurable recreational fishing experience has been made
              New Jersey is in the process of establishing a number of access         available to the public. In view of the further urban sprawl and
              points along the Delaware in order to take full advantage of the        disproportionately heavy fishing effort on small waters in urban

              94
<pb n="103" />

                areas and the increasing limitations on the fish producing                         Surf fishing is a popular sport in New Jersey. Though-it
                capabilities of such waters as the result of pollution characteris-          can be enjoyed all year round, peak participation occurs in
                tic of such situations, the State should expand the sport fish               the spring and fall. Since participation in surf fishing does not
                rearing capabilities of the Division of Fish, Game and Shell-                conflict with swimming in these seasons, the public and private
                fisheries.                                                                   sectors should be encouraged to promote use of their shore-
                     As with boating, access is the major factor in opening                  line resources for this activity. In addition, the private sector
                fishing areas for the public. The procurement of rights-of-way,              should be encouraged to develop fishing facilities open for pub-
                stream rambles and the construction and repair of fishing piers              lic use at reasonable fees.
                and jetties are all needed to alleviate the pressure created by
                the lack of access. The major responsibility for access develop-             Hunting -The State provides 80% of the land for hunting in New
                ment falls under the State's jurisdiction since it is closely allied         Jersey. The State should continue to acquire land for hunting
                to the State's other responsibilities in navigation, water and               in regions where it is still available in order to accommodate
                fish resource management. In areas conducive to overnight                    the unmet hunting demands of many regions where it is impos-
                fishing trips, the State should develop auxiliary facilities includ-         sible to set aside hunting areas because of intense residential
                ing camping and boat launches similar to those being devel-                  and industrial development pressures. As hunting requires
                oped along the Delaware River. The counties and municipalities               extensive undeveloped land tracts, the State must act now
                should consider acquiring access rights to water and stream                  while such tracts still exist. Continued state action in coordina-
                rambles to provide local opportunity for day use fishing.                    tion with local governments is needed to preserve and protect
                     Saltwater fishing, either from the shore or on a boat,                  existing public and private hunting grounds from despoliation
                faces a possible threat of water pollution from unrestricted                 resulting from incompatible development. The State should also
                sewage and waste disposal that could adversely affect fish                   seek to increase the supply of wildlife through habitat improve-
                reproduction. The State has a prime responsibility to protect                ment programs, expanded stocking programs and research to
                the ecological balance along its shores. In international waters             produce higher per acre yields.
                beyond the three mile limit, the Federal Government should                         The remaining supply of hunting facilities is owned by the
                guard against destructive practices such as the dumping of                   private and quasi-public hunting clubs and groups, generally on
                oil and poor harvesting methods.                                             land owned outright or leased from farmers and other large
                                                                                             tract landowners. Large tract landowners should be encour-
                Campgaw Mountain                                                             aged to open their lands to public hunting because of the re-
                                                                                             cently enacted legislation limiting their liability for accidents
                                                                                             occurring on their property. However, the private function will
                                                                                             probably diminish in the future as more recreation lands are
                                                                                             acquired by the public sector.

                                                                                             Camp   ing-The fastest growing demand for any activity is for
                                                                                                      g. In assessing the public and private role in camping
                                                                                             campin
                        ;L
                                                                                             facility development, consideration should be given to the
                                                                                             varieties of camping experiences possible, such as wilderness,
                                                                                             group, day, and tent and trailer camping.
                                                                                                   State camping facilities are primarily family campsites
                                                                                             accommodating tents and/or trailers. Recently, the State

                                                                                                                                                                  95
<pb n="104" />

              completed development of over 100 wilderness campsites at                   cance-the state and federal levels and the private sector-
              Round Valley Reservoir. The State should continue the develop-              provide interpretative facilities and programs at many sites.
              ment of wilderness, tent and trailer and group camping facili-              But there is still a need to expand these programs particularly
              ties, especially as a supporting facility to hunting, hiking, boat-         at the state level to handle more people at more sites and to
              ing and fishing.                                                            increase staffing to adequately supervise these expanded
                    At the local level, the development of day camps will pro-            programs.
              vide children living in urban areas with the opportunity to enjoy                The need for nature interpretation is most acute in the
              at least a small measure of the camping experience in a natural             urban centers of the State where industrial and residential
              setting. Most county park systems in New Jersey own land                    development has consumed much of the open space and there
              appropriate for day camps; municipal participation, however,                is little opportunity for the urbanite to come in contact with
              generally requires the cooperation and use of nearby county                 nature. Nature appreciation programs should be initiated at the
              or state lands.                                                             local levels of government to utilize the resources at hand
                    At present, the commercial enterprise segment of the pri-             including municipal and county parks and woodlots adjoining
              vate sector supplies 80% of New Jersey's family campsites.                  schools. State facilities and programs could be used to supple-
              However, continued suburbanization and increasing land prices               ment local efforts.
              threaten to diminish both existing and potential private camping
              areas. Methods should be devised by all levels of government to
              protect the role of private camping in New Jersey. The use of
              private lands and capital should be promoted to develop addi-
              tional overnight facilities near resort areas and hunting and
              fishing grounds. A growing number of people attracted by the
              high degree of mobility, comfort and inexpensive accommoda-
              tions offered by vacation trailers will necessitate more develop-
              ment by either the State or private enterprise to accommodate
              this increasingly popular mode of camping.

              Nature Interpretation- Nature interpretative facilities in the
              form of nature centers, trailside displays, guided and self-                Hiking and Horseback Riding -Traditionally, all levels of gov-
              guided trails are usually developed in conjunction with undis-              ernment and the private sector have provided developed trails
              turbed areas that may serve as "outdoor classrooms." Often                  for hiking and horseback riding. The state level and private
              such natural areas contain rare specimens of plants and repre-              sector, the two primary contributors of trail mileage, combined
              sent unusual or uncommon biotic communities.                                provide 75% of the State's 3,134 miles of hiking trails and 90%
                    Although the state and federal levels and the private sector          of the 918 miles of bridle trails. The vast majority of this trail
              have preserved many of the finer botanical aroas in New Jer-                mileage is provided in the rural sections of the State.
              sey, programs must be stepped up to acquire the remaining                        The Federal Government can be expected in the future
              rapidly disappearing botanical areas of interest. The State                 to assume a greater role in providin      g trails in New Jersey.
                                                                                                                    A
                                                                                                                          '6
                                                                                                                    ; mA@ -I k@

              should assume the burden of this responsibility because of its              Construction of trails planned at the Delaware Water Gap
              greater flexibility to implement programs and its financial                 National Recreation Area and other federal recreation areas in
              resources.                                                                  the State will dramatically increase total trail mileage provided
                    The three jurisdictions owning areas of natural signifi-              by the federal level.

              96
<pb n="105" />

                     Passage of the National Trails System Act of 1968 demon-               in resort areas and recreation sites attractive to families and
                strated the growing concern of the Federal Government for the               groups, and along the State's highways.
                provision of trails. The Act designated the Appalachian Trail,                   Major responsibility for the provision of picnicking facili-
                of which approximately 60 miles passes through New Jersey,                  ties designed for families and groups at sites close to home
                as one of the initial components of the national trail system and           should be assumed by municipal and county governments.
                provided for the inclusion of other trails upon application. To                  The picnic areas required at sites with high tourist appeal
                date, two other trails in New Jersey have been added to the                 should be developed by all levels of government and the private
                system.                                                                     sector. Local governments, especially in the shore regions,
                     The private sector not only provides substantial trail mile-
                age in New Jersey, it also provides the most significant trail              should investigate the feasibility of providing picnicking facili-
                system in the State. The 60 mile segment of the Appalachian                 ties to serve day use visitors and summer residents at a nominal
                Trail passing through the northwest section of New Jersey is                fee to offset maintenance costs. An alternative method would
                maintained by the Appalachian Trail Conference, a private                   be to provide special incentives that would make picnic devel-
                organization, and much of the trail's length is located on private          opment profitable enough to attract private enterprise. At state
                lands.                                                                      recreation areas, the State should develop adequate picnicking
                     Although hiking and horseback riding are classified as                 facilities to supplement other activities. The State is also re-
                backwoods activities, facilities for these activities may be                sponsible for providing picnic sites along major highways and
                found within or in close proximity to every urban center in New             scenic routes to expand the statewide wayside rest system.
                Jersey. Frequently, counties develop trail systems in their large           Bicycle Trails-The recent upsurge of interest in bicycling for
                urban parks and reservations and, in many cases, municipali-
                ties provide trails primarily for hiking purposes. In fact, hiking          pleasure as well as for transportation has created a tremendous
                clubs often include on their tours points of historic interest in           need for bicycle facilities. At present, nearly all bicycling takes
                urban areas.                                                                place on residential streets without segregated traffic lanes,
                     To meet the urgent need for trails, the State should play              since designated bicycling facilities are virtually nonexistent.
                the pivotal role since its jurisdictional ability allows it to provide      Because this present situation exposes the bicyclists, many of
                a framework for coordinating local and private interests. The               whom are youngsters, to constant danger, a concerted effort by
                excellent opportunities for trail development presented by canal            all levels of government should be made to provide safe bicycle
                towpaths, stream valleys, utility rights-of-way, and areas along            paths along transportation routes and in open space recreation
                the ocean front and around large reservoirs and lakes should                areas. Since the vast majority of the bicycling demand is gener-
                be explored by all levels of government and private interests.              ated within close proximity of a person's residence, the primary
                Trail development should be planned and coordinated so as to                responsibility for bicycle facility provisions rests with the local
                produce a statewide network of trails offering accessibility to             levels of government. Municipalities should endeavor to estab-
                areas of scenic, natural, scientific and historic value throughout          lish community wide bicycle path systems, possibly using street
                the State.                                                                  systems and segregating bicycle traffic from automobile traffic
                                                                                            by any one of a number of methods now in use throughout the
                Picnicking - Picnicking is essentially a group or family oriented           country. In municipal, county and state recreation areas, bicy-
                activity. It can be sought as an activity in itself or as an accom-         cle trails should be constructed where feasible from a physio-
                paniment to other activities: sightseeing, swimming, hiking,                graphic viewpoint. Existing and future highway rights-of-way
                fishing, boating, and recreation travel. Because of its varied              should be studied by the county and state levels of government
                nature, picnicking facilities are needed at sites close to home,            for potential bicycle trail development.

                                                                                                                                                                97
<pb n="106" />

               Snow Skiing -Facilities for snow skiing ca h only be developed
               where suitable terrain and climatic conditions exist; therefore,
               the skiing needs of regions unsuitable for such development will
               have to be accommodated in the few regions possessing the
                                                                                             A
               necessary conditions.
                    The private sector operates the Majority of New Jersey's
               existing ski facilities and should continue as the primary sup-
               plier of skiing opportunities in the future. Since sites suitable for
               ski facility development are limited, the State should consider
               allowing private enterprise to develop facilities at suitable state
               owned sites, or develop the facilities itself using state funds. At
               the local level, resources such as the slopes of public golf
                                                                                                                                                                          7
               courses should be developed for the novice skier and those who
               desire practice areas close to home.

               Ice Skating- Climatic conditions determine the availability of
               ice skating on natural areas such as lakes, ponds, and artificial
               impoundments that require low air temperatures to freeze the
               water. In the northern regions of the State, climatic conditions
               permit greater use of natural ice areas than in the southern                      V-*
               regions. But since natural ice areas are not continuously avail-
               able,for use throughout the winter season, artificial ice skating                                                           AW_
               facilities, which increase the number of days of use by utilizing
               refrigeration techniques to produce ice, are needed to satisfy
               part of the ice skating demand in all regions.                                Outdoor Games and Sports- Opportunities to participate in
                    Opportunities for ice skating are most frequently sought                 games and sports activities such as baseball, basketball,
               close to home; therefore, the responsibility for providing ice                football and tennis are usually sought in day use areas near to
               skating facilities rests primarily with local levels of government.           one's place of residence. Traditionally, the local levels of gov-
                    The municipal level should procure legal access to water                 ernment have developed the majority of the games and sports
               bodies offering ice skating conditions, develop multi-use court               facilities. Municipalities have the primary responsibility for
               game surfaces that would permit ice skating use, and construct                providing facilities within walking distance of residents, while
               artificial ice areas that would provide opportunities independent             counties should supplement municipal areas.
               of weather conditions. The county level could supplement                           The provision of public golf facilities should be the respon-
               municipal facilities by developing additional artificial ice skating          sibility of the county. Golf courses require extensive develop-
               rinks.                                                                        ment of at least 130 acres, and the acquisition of such a large
                    At present, the private sector supplies the majority of New              amount of land strictly for the use of one activity is usually
             -Jersey's ice skating facilities. Through encouragement and                     beyond municipal financial capabilities. In order to maintain the
               assistance by all levels of government, private investment                    present supply of golf facilities, methods such as preferential
               should be stimulated to continue development of facilities for                tax rates should be adopted to protect existing private golf
               ice skating.                                                                  courses.

               98
<pb n="107" />

               FACILITY STANDARDS                                                         world and enveloped by the stirring beauty of a landscape in
                                                                                          its natural state is a difficult thing to measure empirically but
                    A standard is defined as a principle or a measure estab-              surely essential to the enjoyment of most outdoor recreation
               lished by authority for comparison and judgement. Relative to              activities.
               outdoor recreation, it is a recognized reference point for use as               Realizing the lack of unanimity concerning outdoor recrea-
               a guideline or a suggested goal to aim for when developing rec-            tion standards, a study was made to select standards for New
               reation facilities or for determining the capacity of a given              Jersey according to a logical set of criteria which reflected
               facility. It should also provide for safety, comfort and enjoyment         known environmental and ecological relationships to the devel-
               of a given recreation activity.                                            opment of recreation facilities. Consideration was given to New
                     A disadvantage of many standards is that they apply only             Jersey's unique situation as a compact, highly urbanized state
               to the specific development of recreation facilities for accom-            and its present and potential opportunities for providing out-
               modating demand; they do not elaborate on how much total                   door recreation. The following criteria were used or influenced
               land area is needed to support and create the overall "mood"               the selection of standards deemed appropriate to New Jersey's
               for a developed recreation facility. For example, a camping                physical and socio-economic characteristics:
               area could be property designed according to accommodation
               standards, but fail to have recreation appeal if it is set within                     Accessibility
               sight of a, busy highway or clustered too near to many other                          Aesthetics
               recreation facilities. The feeling of being in the midst of the                       Climate
               outdoors, isolated by privacy and quiet from the man-made                             Economic Feasibility
                                                                                                     Environment
                                                                                                     Site Attraction
                                                                                                     Social Desirability of the Activity

                                        41
                                                                                                     Soil Structure
                                                                                                     Topography
                                        e-,
                                                                                                Standards allowing a relatively high degree of use, but
                                                                    @V,
                                                                                           not so high as to be generally uncomfortable or to deter the
                                                                                           aesthetic appreciation were used. It should be noted, however,
                                         A
                                                                                           that these standards are for statewide application and may not
                                                                                             present the optimum conditions at a given site because of
                                                                   G"                      re
                                                                                           variations from the average of the specific physical and socio-
                                                                               W
                                                                                           economic characteristic factors. Several standards must be
                                                                                           used to estimate the capacity for a given activity where the
                                                                                           various inventories did not consistently express the number of
                                                                                           facilities in the same terms, For example, swimming facilities
                        4                                                                  were expressed in terms of feet of shoreline, acres of beach,
                                                                                           or the number of swimming pools, depending upon which
                                                                     _4                    supply inventory was consulted,
                                 W
                                                                                                The suggested activity standards for New Jersey are
                                                                                           shown in Table 5.

                                                                                                                                                              99
<pb n="108" />

                              TABLE 5: SUGGESTED ACTIVITY STANDARDS                                                                                                                    REGIONAL ANALYSIS
                                                      FOR NEW JERSEY                                                                                                                              In analyzing New Jersey's present and future needs for
                              Activity                        Recreation Standards                                                           Source                                    more developed facilities in the twelve selected activities a
                                                                                                                                                                                       regional approach was undertaken. Considering the diversity
                              Swimming                1 person per 100 square feet of beach (435 people per acre)             California Public Outdoor Recreation
                                                      2 persons per foot of shorelin                                          Plan Committee Architectural Stan-                       of natural resources for recreational use throughout the State
                                                      Capacitypof average pool f:cility is 555 (5,000 square feet             dards                                                    and the variation in regional population densities, an analysis
                                                      average oo . divided by 27 (1 swimmer per 27 sq. ft.) times 3,
                                                      since 1/T of the people at pool are in the water on an average          *Ramsay and Steeper                                      on a statewide basis would be inadequate to guide recreation
                                                      so 3 times pool capacity equals facility capacity).                                                                              planning efforts. Because of the home oriented nature of cer-
                              Boating                 I boat per number of boating berths and liveries (3 people per          California Public Outdoor Recreation
                                                      boat)                                                                   Plan Committee                                           tain activities and the lack of mobility of segments of the popu-
                                                      I boat per 3 acres of water area (3 people per boat): power and
                                                      sail boats                                                                                                                       lation, surpluses of facilities in one region do not necessarily
                                                 *    Ic n a per I mil of stream                                                                                                       0                                                                                                                      -by-region
                                                 *    1baae for water sekiing per 5 acres of star                                                                                        ffset deficits occurring in other regions. A region
                                                      40 boats per access unit (3 people per boat)                            New Jersey Department of Environmen-                     approach also permits a comparison of the different levels of
                                                                                                                              tal Protection
                              Fishing                 5 persons per acre of lake                                              New Jersey Department of Environmen-                     regional need for specific facilities to assist in establishing a
                                                      1, person per 20 feet of shoreline                                      tal Protection                                           development program to meet the more severe needs first.
                                                      50 people per facility                                                                                                                      The recreational needs of each study region were analyzed
                              Camping                 4 cpersons per campsite                                                 Bureau of Outdoor Recreation
                                                      4 ampsites per acre                                                                                                              in relation to each region's natural resource limitations, the
                                                      16 people per acre                                                                                                               character of urban development, and the effects of anticipated
                                                      Icamps ite per acre of total area Including open space
                                                      (Devieloped Area)                                                                                                                development such as future highway construction and residen-
                              Hiking                  16 persons per mileof trail                                             New Jersey Department of Environmen-                     tial growth.
                                                      Wilderness hiking - 4 persons per mile of trail                         let Protection                                                      Recreational needs for the years 1970 and 1985 were de-
                              Bicycling               18 persons per mile of trail                                            New Jersey Department of Environmen-
                                                                                                                              tal Protection                                           termined by comparing the derived demands for these bench-
                              Horseback               12 persons per mile of trail                                            New Jersey Department of En@ironmen-                     mark years to the 1970 facility capacities. In determining the
                              Riding                                                                                          tal Protection                                           year 2000 facility needs, the assumption was made that suf-
                              Hunting                 I person per 5 acres                                                    New Jersey Department of Environmen-                     ficient facilities will have been developed to meet the 1985
                                                                                                                              tal Protection                                           requirements. Therefore, for each activity the 2000 facility need
                              Picnicking              5 people per.table                                                      Soil Conservation Service
                                                      8 tables per cre                                                                                                                 was derived by comparing the 2000 activity demand to the 1985
                                                      40 p ople per acre
                                                      2 or e3 tables per acre of total area                                                                                            demand, assumed satisfied, or to the 1985 facility surplus.
                              Ice Skating             I pe son per 30 sq. ft. of artificial ice (1452 people per acre)        New Jersey Department of Emiironmen-                                Jurisdictional responsibilities for the provision of additional
                                                      726 'people per acre of natural ice                                     tal Protection                                           facilities in terms of capacities were assigned based upon tra-
                              Snow Skiing             30 skiers per acre of slope                                             Bureau of Outdoor Recreation                             ditional roles and responsibilities, present trends and plans,
                              Outdoor Games &amp; Sports                                                                                                                                   and financial and administrative capabilities. Since the private
                              Playgrounds             1 person per 150 square feet                                            Meyer &amp; Brightbill
                                                      50 persons per average playground (7500 square feet*)                   @New Jersey Department of Environ-                       sector's user fees and membership requirements often act as
                                                                                                                              mental Protection                                        barriers to the general public, particular attention was paid to
                              Playfields              20 persons per acre of field                                            New Jersey Department of Environmen-                     this sector's role and future responsibilities.
                                                                                                                              tal Protection                                                      Facility surpluses and deficits noted at the regional level
                              Game Courts             10 persons per court                                                    New Jersey Department of EnWronmen-
                                                                                                                              tal Protection                                           do not necessarily reflect conditions at the subregional or local
                              Golf Facilities         300 persons per I 8-hole course                                         New Jersey Department of Environmen-                     levels. The availability of abundant coastal beaches within the
                                                      150 persons per 9-hole course                                           tal Protection                                           region does not obviate the need for local opportunities within
                                                      200 persons per Par 3 course                                                                                                     walking distance of the people to be served. On the other hand,

                              100
<pb n="109" />

                one community may have an adequate facility supply of artifi-              demand should not be placed on local levels of government
                cial ice skating, for example, while the region shows an overall           which are concerned with resident population needs. The out
                deficit. Thus, the specific needs of a copmunity within a region           region demand has been assigned to those jurisdictions or
                cannot be derived directly from aggregated regional totals.                groups which are concerned with all the State's citizens wher-
                These summaries provide a general guide to regional conditions             ever they reside-the Federal Government, the State Govern-
                and permit the establishment of activity priorities within a region        ment and the private sector.
                and between regions.                                                            The assignment of this demand to other regions was de-
                     The discussions presented in this section concerning fa-              termined by climatic conditions and by the presence or absence
                cility deficits for the four water-based activities- swimming,             of land and water resources which, although these resources
                boating, fishing and ice skating on natural water bodies-iden-             may not yet be developed for recreational use, have the poten-
                tify the regional needs and the responsibilities of the various            tial for fulfilling both resident and out region demand. The dis-
                jurisdictions to provide the required facilities. A more detailed          tribution was also based on information gathered in the
                analysis of the unmet water-based recreation demand, the po-               Recreation Travel Study indicating where people are likely to
                tential of each region's water resources to satisfy specific               travel in New Jersey to find areas of recreation.
                needs, and the apparent reasons for facility deficits is pre-                   For 1985 and 2000 an unmet demand of 219,067 people
                sented in the section entitled "Water Resources: Needs, Prob-              was apportioned as out region demand in eight activities. For
                lems and Potential."                                                       1985 the largest apportioned needs are in swimming (60,712
                                                                                           people), boating (51,916 people) and snow skiing (40,700
                     OUT REGION DEMAND                                                     people). Five regions are the source or origin of this demand
                                                                                           and the urbanized Northeast is the largest with 51,252 or 78%
                     In several regions a lack   of natural resources, due either          of the total for the eight activities. The Central Corridor rep-
                to physical characteristics, location or climate of the area               resents 3% of the demand in fishing and hunting and the North
                or the extent of urbanization and development, makes it un-                Shore, South Shore and Delaware Bay regions represent the
                reasonable to expect these regions to provide facilities to meet           remaining 19% all in snow skiing. The receiving or destination
                resident demand for certain activities. These activities -hunt-            regions absorbing most of the out region demand are the
                ing, fishing, swimming and skiing, for example-require the                 Northwest and North Central (63%), and North Shore and
                presence of natural land and/or water resources or certain cli-            South Shore (35%). (Refer to Table 6.)
                matic conditions, and are not necessarily provided close to
                home. Since people are willing to travel moderate distances to
                find these opportunities, the responsibility for providing the             TABLE 6: 1985 OUT REGION DEMAND
                facilities must be absorbed by neighboring regions or regions
                with the natural resource potential to meet the "out region"               Region                                    Origin       Destination
                demand.                                                                    Northwest                                                  41%
                     For  planning purposes it has been assumed that the State             North Central                              -               22%
                of New Jersey has the resources to provide these facilities even           Northeast                                   781/6          -
                though these resources are not located where the demand                    Central Corridor                             3%            1%
                originates. Thus, attempts should be made to satisfy this                  North Shore                                  6%            24%
                demand within the State and not force residents to travel to               Southwest                                  -               1%
                                                                                           South Shore                                 121/b          11%
                other states to find desired recreational opportunities.                   Delaware Bay                                 1%            -
                     The responsibility for providing the facilities to   meet this

                                                                                                                                                            101
<pb n="110" />

                  Tables 7 through 14 summarize the supply, demand and
              surplus or deficit of facilities for 1970, 1985 and 2000 by re-
              gion. These tables are based on the regional demand and re-
              gional facility supply. The out -region demand has been sub-
              tracted from the region of origin and added to the region of
              destination in demand and needs for 1985 and 2000. For
              example, in the Northeast Region it was determined that the
              unmet swimming demand should be satisfied partly with
              swimming pools close to home, but that residents would also
              want to swim in lakes and ponds and the ocean although the
              Northeast Region is severely limited or totally lacking in these
              resources. Therefore, 30% of the region's unmet 1985 swim-
              ming demand has been allocated to the Northwest (7,927
              people) and North Central (5,284 people) regions and to the
              North Shore (10,569 people) and South Shore (2,642 people)
              regions. Since this deficit of 26,422 people is no longer
              considered the responsibility of the Northeast Region it is sub-
              tracted from the 1985 swimming demand of 233,200 producing
                                                                                                             R @-A_N
              an adjusted regional demand of 206,778 which the municipal
              and county governments and the private sector are responsible
              for meeting. The 26,422 demand has been transferred to the
              four regions mentioned above, added to the regional demand to                                                   NORTHWEST
              produce an adjusted demand total and compared with 1970 re-                                                              REGION
              gional supply to determine whether a surplus or deficit exists.
              If there is a surplus, it has been assumed that both regional and
              out region demand can be satisfied. If there is a deficit, re-
              sponsibility for providing the needed facilities is assigned to
              the public and private sectors, and the out region demand,
              which is part of the total deficit, is shown in brackets next to
              the jurisdiction responsible for meeting these needs. In the
              regional discussions which follow, the out region demand is not
              discussed separately from total regional demand.
                                                                                                         k@T           0
                   NORTHWEST REGION

                  The Northwest Region's rugged terrain and rural character
              make the region one of New Jersey's most desirable recreation
              areas. The region's popularity as a recreation oriented zone is
              obvious in that the away or tourist demand for developed recre-
              ation facilities is twice as high as the region's home demand.

              102
<pb n="111" />

                          TABLE 7: NORTHWEST REGION -PRESENT AND FUTURE DEVELOPED RECREATIONAL FACILITY NEEDS

                                                                                 1970                                                             1985                                                               2000

                                                        Demand            Supply           Surplus or Deficit       Demand Surplus or Deficit                  Jurisdictional              Demand Surplus or Deficit                 Jurisdictional
                                                        people   facilitlesilpeople2 facilitiesi peop[04            peopI95     facilities6lpeople7           ResponsIbIIIty8              people   facl IItIes91 people 10         Responsibility
                          Swimming                      46,800                   73,186                 (26,386)    65,100                     (159)                                       92,500                  37,528      Municipal -5794
                                                                                                                    +7,927                                                                 +18,214                             County - 966
                            Permanent Pools                               37                                        73,027                                                                 110,714          68                 State - 10,294 (3086)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Federal - 7615 (1029)
                            Feet of Shoreline                      24,368                                                                                                                              18,764                  Private- 12,859 (6172)

                            Acres of Beach                                9                                                                                                                                  86

                          Boat i ng                     9,500                    6,941                    2,559     13,300                     9,181      Municipal -318                   19,400                    8,470     Mun ic 1 pal - 305
                                                                                                                    +2,822                                County -318                      +5'192                              County - 305
                            No. of Areas                                  11                      85                16,122            306                 State - 3744 (564)               24,592          282                 State - 2,914 (474)
                                                                                                                                                          Federal -2613 (706)                                                  Federa I - 3,033 (593)
                            Ramps                                         7                       21                                    77                Private-2188 (1552)                                71                Private - 1,913 (1303)

                            Berths                                   1,088                      853                                 4,591                                                                2,823

                            Water Acres                             2,507                     2,559                                 9,181                                                                8,470

                          Fishing                       13,400                  108,561               .(95,161) 16,000                       (91 t9O2)                                     21,000                 (82,105)
                                                                                                                    + 659                                                                  +5456
                            No. of Facilities                             91                                        16,-659                                                                _2&amp;,L4_6_

                            Water Acres                             6,373

                            Miles of Shoreline                            88.7

                          Camping                       4,300                    12,316                   8,016)      7,000                      5,316)                                    11,300                       116)
                            Family Sites                            3,079     1
                          Hiking                        1,800                    9,435                    7,635)      2,900                      1,146)                                    4.400                     5,124     State - 1537 (1537)
                                                                                                                    +5,389                                                                 +10,159                             Private - 3587 (3587)
                            Miles                                    589.7                                            8,289                                                                14,559          320

                          Bicycling                     6,600                                             6,600       8,300                      8,300    Municipal -4980                  10,700                   2,400      Munici pal - 1440
                                                                                                                                                          County-1660                                                          County-480
                            Mi les                                                              367                                   461                 State - 1660                                     133                 State -480

                          Horseback Riding              1,100                    2,477                    1,377)      1,300                      1,177)                                    1_1700                       777)
                            Miles                                1   206.4
                          NEEEEEMEEEEEEEMMMEEWAi@

                            I Includes Municipal. County, State, Interstate, Federal and Private facilities.
                            2Total estimated capacity of 1970 facility supply.
                            31ndicates total number of facilities necessary to satiate unmet 1970 demand for each type of facility.
                            4Reprosents deficit or (surplus) of 1970 supply of facilities in terms of capacity to meet 1970 demand.
                            5Represents regional demand and where necessary addition of demand from other regions or subtraction of regional demand distributed to other                                    regions to determine an adjusted
                            regional demand.
                            61ndicates total nurnt@er of facilities necessary to satiate unmet 1985 adjusted demand for each type of facility,
                            7Represents deficit or (surplus) of 1970 supply of facilities in terms of capacity to meet 1985 adjusted demand.
                            8AppGrtioned shareof the facility capacity deficit which should be accommodated by the various jurisdictions within the region based upon their responsibilites and capabilities.
                            That portion of a jurisdiction's responsibility which, as apportioned from outregion demand is shown in brackets. Below the dotted line the demand assigned to other regions is
                            distributed to the receiving regions. (Private sector includes commercial enterprises, quasi-public organizations and private or restricted membership clubs.)
                            91ndicates total number of facilities necessary to satiate unmet demand for each type of facility assuming the 1985 deficit has been met.
                          IORepresents deficit or (surplus) of supply of facilities-in terms of capacity to meet 2000 adjusted demand assuming the 1085 supply deficit has been met.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     103
<pb n="112" />

                     TABLE 7: NORTHWEST REGION (continued)

                                                                         1970                                                          1985                                                            2000
                                                 Demand           supply           Surplus or Deficit      Demand surplus or Def Icit               Jurisdictional           Demand SurPlus,6r Deficit               Jurisdictional
                                                people 1f&amp;ClIItIe911peoPla2 1faCIlItIes31peopI&amp;4           peopI95 facllltleS6 POOP107              Responsibility8          people    facilities9l people 10        Responsibility
                     Nature Interpretive           6,700   These facilities should be developed              8,100                                                           10,500
                       Facilities                          where ecologically significant condi-
                     (includes trails, dis-                tions exist.
                     plays and centers)
                     Hunting                       3,400                 14,406                 (11,006)     3,400                     (531)                                   4,000                      944    State - 802 (744)
                                                                                                           +10475                                                            +11,350                             Private - 142 (131)
                       Acres                                  72,028                                                                                                         Ts-:350        4,720
                     Picnicking                   16,100                 16,060                       40   19,100          191         7,640 Municipal-304                   27,300                    11,116    Municipal -820
                                                                                                           +4600                               County - 760                  +7,516                              County - 2050
                       Acres                                     288                       1                                                   State - 1372 (460)            34,816          278                 State - 2752 (292)
                                                                                                                                               Federa I - 5052 (4140)                                            Federal -5084 (2624)
                       Tables                                    908                       8                               528                 Pr 1 vate - 152                             2,223                 Pri vate - 410
                     Ice Skating -Natural         38,200                 93,449                 (55,249)   55.600                    (37,849)                                77,900                   (15,549)
                       No. of Sites                               65

                       Acres                                      69
                     Ice Skating --@Artificial        700                                            700     1,000                     1,000   Municipal -200                   1,400                     400    Municipal -80
                                                                                                                                               County - 700                                                      County-280
                       Acres                                                               5                                  .7               Private - 100                                     .3              Private-40
                     Snow Skiing                    1,800                9,800                    8,000)     2,700                    12,280   State -3684 (3684)              4,400                   14,520    County - 300
                                                                                                           +19380                              Private - 8596 (8596)         +32@200                             State -4266 (3846)
                                                                 326                                                       409                                               36,600
                       Acres                                                                                                                                                                 484                 Private - 9954 (8974)

                     Outdoor   Games
                     Sports                       19.300                 8.365                   10,935    26,400                     15,465   Municipal - 10825             36,900                    10.500    Municipal -7350
                                                                                                                                               County - 2320                                                     County - 1575
                       Playgrounds                                83                   219                                 309                 State - 773                                   210                 State - 525
                                                                                                                                               Private - 1547                                                    Private - 1050
                       Open Playfields                           110                   547                                 773                                                               525
                       Game Courts                               125                  1,094                             1,547                                                              1,050

                       Golf - 18 holes                              7                  146                                 206                                                               140
                       Golf - 9 holes                               5                  273                                 387                                                               263
                       Golf - Par 3                                 2 1          1     547                                 773                                                               525
                     1 includes Municipal, County, State, Interstate, Federal         and Private facilities.
                     2Total estimated capacity of 1970 facility supply.
                     31ndicates total number of facilities necessary to satiate unmet 1970 demand for each                 type of facility.
                     4Represents deficit or (surplus) of 1970 supply of facilities in terms of capacity to meet 1970 demand.
                     sRepresents regional demand and where necessary addition of demand from other regions or subtraction of regional demand distributed to other regions todetermine an adjusted
                       regional demand.
                     61ndicates total number of facilities necessary to satiate unmet 1985 adjusted demand for each type of facility.
                     7Represents deficit or (surplus) of 1970 supply of facilities in terms of capacity to meet 1985 adjusted demand.
                     8Apportioned shareof the facility capacity deficit which should be accommodated by the various jurisdictions within the region based upon their responsibilites and capabilities.
                       That portion of a jurisdiction's responsibility which, as apportioned from outregion demand is shown in brackets. Below the dotted line the demand assigned to other regions is
                       distributed to the receiving regions. (Private sector includes commercial enterprises. quasi-public o@qanlzations and private or restricted membership clubs.)
                     91ndicates total number of facilities necessary to satiate unmet demand for each type of facility assuming the 1985 deficit has been met.
                     10FIepresents deficit or (surplus) of supply of facilities in terms of capacity to meet 2000 adjusted demand assuming the 1985 supply deficit has been met.

                     104
<pb n="113" />

                                                                                             is improved, the demand for recreation facilities will greatly
                                                                                             increase.
                                                                                                  There is a need for the local level to coordinate its planning
                                                                                             efforts in the Northwest Region with the State to preserve the
            Y                                                                                region's unique natural character, to provide sound trans-
                                                                                             portation and sewerage systems and other elements of regional
                                                                                             development relating to the increase in tourism and tourist
                                                                                             oriented accommodations, such as motels, campgrounds, and
                                                                                             restaurants, which DWGNRA will generate.
                                                                                                                                                           -at the
                                                                                                  At present, recreation facility needs are greatest
                                                                                             local levels where not one of the three counties forming the
                                                                                             Northwest Region has developed a county park system and
                                                                                             municipal facilities are inadequate. County park systems should
                                                                                             be established by the three counties immediately so that
                                                                                             suitable land may be acquired at reasonable costs.
                                                                                                  As illustrated in Table 7, the greatest need in this region
                                                                                             is for outdoor games and sports facilities. Presently, outdoor
                                                                                             games and sports facilities are needed to accommodate an un
                                                                                             met demand of 10,935 people. By the year 1985, the need will
                                                                                             reach 15,465 people and by 2000, if sufficient facilities have
                                                                                             been developed to satisfy the 1985 need, an unmet demand of
                                                                                             10,500 people will still remain. The majority of the games and
               The Northwest Region      has tremendous recreation potential due             sports facilities needed in 1985 and 2000 should be developed
               to its outstanding scenic natural features, an abundance of                   by the local levels of government because the responsibility for
               streams and lakes, the best physiographic conditions in New                   the provision of such facilities has traditionally rested with these
               Jersey for winter sports, and healthy ecosystems supporting a                 jurisdictions. The private sector can be expected to satisfy
               wide variety of wildlife.                                                     a small part of the need by developing golf courses in the region
                     To date, however, the Northwest's nearly unlimited recrea-              to complement resort developments and recreation complexes.
               tion potential has not been fully realized because of a lack of                    A critical need for bicycle trails exists due to the fact that
               access to the region. But the development of the Delaware                     at present there are no designated bicycle trails in the North-
               Water Gap National Recreation Area is expected to alter this                  west Region and there is a bicycling demand of 6,600 people.
               picture by requiring improvements to existing roads and con-                  By 1985, the need for bicycle trails will approach 8,300 people
               struction of new highways to accommodate the nearly four mil-                 and by the year 2000 this need will increase by an additional
               lion expected visitors to the completed recreation area. Such                 2,400 people. The municipalities should provide over half of the
               improvements will reduce the travel time from the densely                     461 miles of bicycle trails required by 1985 by developing
               populated regions in New Jersey to the Northwest and con-                     bicycle paths in municipal parks and establishing designated bi-
               sequently increase use of all recreation facilities in the region.            cycle thoroughfares within municipal residential street systems
                     At present, the Northwest's needs for developed recrea-                 which safely separate bicyclists from motorized vehicles, while
               tion facilities are relatively small. But as access to the region             the county and state levels should provide for the remainder

                                                                                                                                                                105
<pb n="114" />

              of the needs by constructing bicycle paths in recreation areas           third of this need at DWGNRA. At the local level, municipal-
              and along routes utilizing highway rights-of-way.                        ities should provide an equal share of the swimming accommo-
                   Additional boating facilities are needed within this region         dations for use by local residents.
              to accommodate a present unmet boating demand of 2,559                        The 1970 supply of hiking and hunting facilities is adequate
              people which will grow to 9,181 people by 1985. Between 1985             to meet demand for these activities through 1985. By the year
              and 2000, the region's unmet boating demand will increase by             2000, however, demand will exceed supply by 320 miles of
              8,470 people. The primary responsibility for satisfying the re-          hiking trails and 4,720 acres of hunting. The State and private
              gion's boating demands rests with those owning substantial               sector can be expected to continue to play the major role in
              water surface acreages: federal, state and the private sector.           providing hiking trails although the Federal Government, by
                   By 1985, there will be an unmet demand for picnicking               development of the DWGNRA, may substantially increase avail-
              facilities in the Northwest Region of 7,640 people. This unmet           able trail mileage in the Northwest Region. Hunting is largely
              demand will increase by 11,116 people by the year 2000. In               a state responsibility and, since hunting requires large tracts of
              terms of facilities, 1,528 additional picnic tables will be needed       undeveloped land, the State should assume major responsibility
              by 1985 and 3,751 tables by 2000. State and federal levels of            for meeting future hunting needs, especially in the Northwest
              government should provide the majority of the picnic tables in           which has abundant resources suitable for this type of activity.
              their expansive recreation areas with municipalities, counties
              and the private sector providing the remainder.                               NORTH CENTRAL REGION
                   Although the Northwest Region has an abundance of water
              resources suitable for ice skating and enjoys weather condi-                  Possessing numerous lakes and ponds, unspoiled natural
              tions generally conducive to ice formation, there is a need for          beauty, and varied physiographic conditions, the North Central
              artificial ice skating areas that will allow ice skating indepen-        Region has vast potential for recreational use. But, like its
              dent of weather conditions. Counties should assume the great-            neighboring rural Northwest Region, a lack of sufficient access
              est share of the responsibility for providing the aggregate sum          has inhibited development and use of the region's recreation
              of one acre of artificial ice that will be required by 2000 to sat-      resources. Since the North Central Region is on the fringe of
              isfy the ice skating demand of 1,400 people.                             intense urbanization, improvements in the transportation
                   The existing regional supply of snow skiing facilities is           system will result in dramatic increases in the use of the
              sufficient to meet the 1970 demand for skiing within                     region's recreation facilities.
              the Northwest Region. However, with the addition of out region                Advanced planning is required at the regional level to in-
              demand in 1985 and 2000, the adjusted demand is greater than             sure the provision of adequate recreation facilities and the pres-
              the 1970 supply by 12,280 people in 1985 and by 14,520 people            ervation of significant natural resources during the region's
              in 2000. The northern regions of the State are the logical recip-        future urban growth.
              ients of this out region demand because so few of the southern                At present, as shown in Table 8, the greatest needs for this
              areas are suitable climatically or physiographically to satisfy          region are for outdoor games and sports and bicycling facilities.
              this demand. Since most of this demand comes from outside                The 1970 demand for outdoor games and sports in the North
              the region, responsibility for providing the needed facilities           Central Region outstrips the existing facility capacity by 18,325
              must rest with the State and private enterprise.                         people and by 1985 this unmet demand will reach 32,625
                   At present and in 1985, there appears to be no need for             people. To meet the expected 2000 demand for outdoor games
              swimming facility development, but by 2000 there will be a need          and sports opportunities, the capacity of existing facilities will
              for additional swimming facilities to accommodate 37,528                 have to be increased by 21,100 people above the 1985 capacity
              people. The Federal Government should provide for nearly one             requirements. Likewise, the demand for bicycling greatly

              106
<pb n="115" />

NORTH
CENTRAL
REGION

exceeds the capacity of existing designated bicycle trails. The
1970 bicycle needs of 11,028 people or 613 miles of designated
trails will increase by the year 2000 to 19,728 people if addi-
tional facilities are not provided in the region. Most of the
facilities for outdoor games and sports and bicycling to meet
the region's needs should be developed by the municipalities for
close-to-home opportunities. Counties share part of the local
responsibility for close-to-home oportunities and therefore
should supplement the municipal facilities particularly with the
development of golf courses.
	Much of the North Central Region's potential for back-
woods oriented activities has not been realized as evidenced
by the present unmet demands for camping and horseback rid-
ing of 4,700 and 1,421 people respectively. Facility needs for
camping, the fastest growing outdoor recreation activity, will
soar to 8,700 people in 1985. To meet the anticipated demand
for horseback riding in the year 2000,655 miles of trails to ac-
commodate 7,851 people must be developed. County park
systems have been giving land acquisition priority regarding
recreation development in order to purchase the most desirable
areas before they are consumed by urbanization. Future county
development of these lands for camping and horseback riding
will satisfy a part of the region's needs for these activities.
On state owned lands, there is ample opportunity to expand
existing recreation facilities to satisfy a substantial part of
the region's unmet demands for these backwoods oriented
activities. In response to the expected growth of the recreation
market for these activities, the commercial segment of the
private sector should continue developing new facilities and
remain the region's major supplier.
	Although the Norht Central is commonly referred to as the
"lake region" because it possesses one of the greatest con-
contrations of glacial lakes on the eastern seaboard, the region
has a present unmet boating demand of 3,113 people that will
grow to 30,596 by 2000 if additional facilities are not provided.
The state and county levels share the public responsibility for
constructing new boating facilities. The commercial segment is
expected to continue its role as a major supplier of boatin
accommodations by developing more boating facilities, espe-

107
<pb n="116" />

               cially as accompanying facilities to campgrounds and day use                      Existing facilities appear to be sufficient to satisfy the
               and resort swimming developments       *                                     present demand for snow skiing in this region. But the demand
                     Although the existing supply of swimming facilities appears            for snow skiing will outstrip existing facilities resulting in
               sufficient to satisfy the region's present demand and the pro-               a regional unmet demand of 4,500 persons on an average peak
               jected 1985 demand, there is a slight need for pools in urban                season weekend day in 1985 and another 5,400 in the year
               areas. By the year 2000, the demand for swimming is expected                 2000. Since the North Central Region is one of the two regions
               to exceed present swimming accommodations by 28,281                          in New Jersey possessing suitable physiographic conditions
               people. Since the provision of swimming facilities has proven                for ski facility development, much of the snow skiing demand
               profitable for private enterprise, private capital can be ex-                of the State's other regions will have to be satisfied in this re-
               pected to develop a significant portion of the region's future               gion. Most of the region's future snow skiing needs will be sat-
               swimming facilities. A severe need for swimming facilities will              isfied at facilities developed by private capital since this type of
               be experienced at the municipal level as the increase in pop-                recreation development is profitable for private investment.
               ulation generates a home demand that outstrips the existing                  However, the many county parks in the region possessing suit-
               locally provided facilities. Municipalities are expected to                  able physiographic conditions for snow skiing should be devel-
               assume this responsibility and develop considerably more                     oped to satisfy the need for inexpensive day use snow skiing
               swimming facilities as the growth in population creates a larger             opportunities. Suitable snow skiing sites on      state  land should
               tax base permitting expansion of municipal recreation programs               also be developed.
               and facilities. The state and county levels of government can
               also be expected to make significant contributions to the                    Passaic River
               region's swimming facilities supply.
                    By the year 2000, the region's unmet picnicking demand
               will be over 28,500 persons on an average weekend day. To
               siatisfy this burgeoning demand for picnicking the various
                                                                                                          F,
               levels of government will need to provide 5,740 additional
               tables. Picnicking needs generated by the region's residential
               population fall upon county and municipal governments, be-
               cause picnicking, viewed as an activity in itself, is generally
               sought at sites within a 15 minute drive from one's place Of
               residence. The picnicking needs generated by sightseers visit-
               ing recreation areas in the region should be accommodated by
               state and privately provided facilities.
                    In the North Central Region there are no outdoor arti-
               ficial ice skating areas. The 1970 demand for such facilities                    Although   sufficient hunting acreage exists in the region at
               is 1,100 people and will grow to 2,600 people by the year 2000             the present time, 12,060 additional acres will be required by the
               if the 1.8 acres of artificial ice skating areas required to meet          year 2000 to satisfy the hunting desires of 2,412 people. Under
               the demand are not developed. Prime responsibility for the pro-            the Green Acres Programs, the State should be able to acquire
               vision of artificial ice skating areas rests with the counties since       sufficient acreage to satisfy most of the region's future hunting
               this jurisdiction has the ability to place the facilities close to         needs. The opening of privately owned tracts to the general
               the population centers and the financial resources to develop              public for hunting should alleviate the remaining hunting needs
               the facilities.                                                            of the region.

               108
<pb n="117" />

                      TABLE 8: NORTH CENTRAL REGION -PRESENT AND FUTURE DEVELOPED RECREATIONAL                                                                                       FACILITY NEEDS

                                                                         1970                                                          1985                                                           2000
                                                   Demand           supply         Surplus or Deficit      Demand Surplus or Deficit              Jurisdictional          Demand       Surplus or Deficit         Jurisdictional
                                                   peop  1, facilities 11people2 facIIItIeS3   people 4    people 5  facIIltIes6 people7         Responsibility8             people    facilltles9lpeoplelo       Responsibility
                      Swimming                     73,500                137.361                (63,861)   105,300                 (26,777)                               153,500                   28,281    Municipal-W5
                                                                                                           + 5284                                                         +12 142                             County - 3228
                        Permanent Pools                             84                                                                                                    _10,M             51                State - 8085 (2743)
                        Feet of Shoreline                    44,174                                                                                                                      14,140               Private - 10.513 (4115)

                        Acres of Beach                              5.5                                                                                                                     66
                      Boating                      15,100                11,987                   3,113     21,700                 15,356 County-1943                        32,200                 15,240    County-2100
                                                                                                            +5643                            State - 5578 (2257)          +10383                              State - 5622 (1896)
                        Areas                                       2                   104                 2i:M          512                Private -5014 (1975)                           508               Pr I vate - 5148 (1659)
                        Ramps                                       4                    26                                i28               Reservoirs -2821 (1411)                        127               Reservoirs - 2370 (1185)
                        Berths                                3,750                  1,038                              5,119                                                             5,080
                        Water Acreage                               197              3,113                              15,356                                                           15,240
                      Fishing                      20,500                46,295                (25,795) 24,800                      (21,319)                                 33,000                 (11,393)
                                                                                                            + 176                                                            +1,902
                        No. of Facilities                           68                                      @@46_76                                                          34,902

                        Water Acres                                 320

                        Miles of Shoreline                          144.3
                      Camping                      6,500                   11800                  4,700     10.500                    8,700  County - 3480                   16,900                    6,400  County - 2560
                                                                                                                                             State - 3480                                  1.600              State - 2560
                        Family Sites                                450               1,175                              2,175               Private - 1740                                                   Private - 1280
                      Hiking                       2,900                 12,067                   (9.167)     5,000                  (5,271)                                 7,900                      (781)
                                                                                                            +1,796                                                           +3 @386
                        MI les                                      737.2                                     6,796                                                          11,286
                      Bicycling                    11,100                      72                11,028     14,700                   14,628  Municipal - 8776                19,800                   5,100   Municipal -3060
                                                                                                                                             County - 2926                                                    County - 1020
                        Mi les                                      4                   613                                 813              State - 2926                                   283               State - 1020
                      Horseback Riding             1,900                     479                   1,421      2,400                   6,971  Municipal-385                   3,200                    1,880   Municipal - 160
                                                                                                            +4060                            County - 576                    +5 130                           County - 240
                        Miles                                       39.9                118                     '@56        498              State -1194 (810)               tl3k           157               State -376 (216)
                                                                                                                                             Private-3816 (3240)                                              Pr I vate - 1104 (864)

                      I Includes Municipal, County, State, Interstate. Federal and Private facilities.
                      2Total estimated capacity of 1970 facility supply.
                      31ndicates total number of facilities necessary to satiate unmet 1970 demand for each type of facility.
                      4Represents deficit or (surplus) of 1970 supply of facilities in terms of capacity to meet 1970 demand.
                      5Represents regional demand and where necessary addition of demand from other regions or subtraction of regional demand distributed to other regions to determine an adjusted
                        regional demand.
                      61ndicates total number of facilities necessary to satiate unmet 1985 adjusted demand for each type of facility.
                      7Represents deficit or (surplus) of 1970 supply of facilities In terms of capacity to meet 19155 adjusted demand.
                      SApportioned share of the facility capacity deficit which should be accommodated by the various jurisdictions within the region based upon their responsibilities and capabi I ities.
                        That portion of a jurisdiction's responsibility which was apportioned from out region demand is shown in brackets. Below the dotted line the demand assigned to other regions is
                        distributed to the receiving regions. (Private sector includes commercial enterprises, quasi-public organizations and private or restricted membership clubs.)
                      91ndicates total number of facilities necessary to satiate unmet demand for each type of facility assuming the 1985 deficit has been met.
                      "Represents deficit or (surplus) of supply of facilities in terms of capacity to meet 2000 adjusted demand assuming the 1985 supply deficit has been met.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   109.
<pb n="118" />

                     TABLE 8: NORTH CENTRAL REGION (continued)

                                                                       1970                                                      1985                                                         2000

                                                Demand           Supply        Surplus or Deficit     Demand Surplus or Deficit              Jurisdictional          Demand Surplus or Deficit              Jurisdictional
                                                people  IfacilitiesiIpeople2 IfaCllltl9S3 I people4    peoples  facilitieS61 people7         Responsibility8         people    facIIItIes9 peopletO         Responsibility
                     Nature Interpretive        10,500@  These facilities should be developed          13,100                                                        17,600
                      Facilities                         where ecologically significant condi-
                     (includes trails. dis-              tions exist.
                     plays and centers)

                     Hunting                      5,200                5,540                    340)     5,600                    1,322   State - 1031 (1010)         6,600                      1,090   State -822 (72)
                                                                                                       +1 @262                            Private -291 (252)         +1,325                              Private - 268 (18)
                      Acres                                27,699                                        6,862     6,610                                              7,952       5,450

                     Picnicking                 25,700                 23,865                  1,835   33,500                   13,468    Mun ic i pa I - 1445       46,300                    15,230    Mun ic I pa I - 1920
                                                                                                       +3,83                              County - 3854              +6263                               County -5120
                      Acres                                  484                     46                37,333        337                  State - 7422 (3258)        5@tU            381                 State - 7717 (2065)
                                                                                                                                          Private - 747 (575)                                            Private - 473 (365)
                      Tables                                 901                     367                           2,694                                                          3,046

                     Ice Skating -Natural       64.700                 225,781             (161,081)   99,800                 (125,981)                              147,900                   75,881)

                      No. of Sites                               37

                      Acres                                  277

                     Ice Skating -Artificial      1,100                                        1,100     1,800                    1,800   Municipal -360              2.600                        800   Municipal - 160
                                                                                                                                          County - 1260                                                  County - 560
                      Acres                                                            .8                                1.2              Private - 180                                 .6               Private - 80
                     Snow Skiing                  2,7001               4,400                   1,700)    4,100                   4,500    State - 675 (675)           6,700                      5,400   County - 230
                                                                                                       +4,800                             Private -3825 (3825)       +7600                               State - 925 (420)
                                                             147                                                                                                          6
                      Acres                                                                              8,900       150                                             143-6           180                 Private -4245 (2380)

                     Outdoor Games &amp;
                     Sports                     31,8DO                 13,475                 18,325   46,100                   32,625    Municipal -22838           67,200                     21,100   Municipal- 14T70
                                                                                                                                          County - 4894                                                  County - 3165
                      Playgrounds                                89                  367                             653                  State - 1631                               422                 State - 1055
                                                                                                                                          Private -3262                                                  Private -2110
                      Open Playfields                        237                     916                           1,631                                                          1,055

                      Game Courts                            321                  1,833                            3,263                                                          2.110

                      Golf - 18 holes                            9                   244                             435                                                             281

                      Golf - 9 holes                             6                   458                             816                                                             528

                      Golf -Par 1                                8                   916                           1,631                                                          1,055

                     'Includes Municipal, County, State. Interstate. Federal         and Private facil'ities.
                     2Total estimated capacity of 1970 facility supply.
                     31ndicates total number of facilities necessary to satiate unmet 1970 demand for each type of facility.
                     4Represents deficit or (surplus) of 1970 supply of facilities in terms of capacity to meet 1970 demand.
                     5Represents regional demand and where necessary addition of demand from other regions or subtraction of regional demand distributed to other regions to determine an adjusted
                      regional demand.
                     61ndicates total number of facilities necessary to satiate unmet 1985 adjusted demand for each type of facility.
                     7Represents deficit or (surplus) of 1970 supply of facilities in terms of capacity to meet 1985 adjusted demand.
                     BApportioned share of the facility capacity deficit which should be accommodated by the various jurisdictions within the region based upon their responsibilities and capabilities.
                      That portion of a jurisdiction's responsibility which was apportioned from out region demand is shown in brackets. Below the dotted line the demand assigned to other regions is
                      distributed to the receiving regions. (Private sector includes commercial enterprises, quasi-public organizations and private or restricted membership clubs. Reservoirs are
                      non-state, public water supply reservoirs.)
                     91ndicates total number of facilities necessary to satiate unmet demand for each type of facility assuming the 1985 deficit has been met.
                     I ORepresents deficit or (surplus) of supply of facilities in terms of capacity to meet 2000 adjusted demand assuming the 1M supply deficit has been met.
                     110
<pb n="119" />

NORTHEAST
REGION

	The Northeast Region with nearly half (47%) of New
Jersey's population within its boundaries is the State's most
urbanized region and has the largest gap between the supply
of developed recreation facilities and the demand for outdoor
recreation opportunities of the eight study regions. For nearly
all recreation activities there is a critical need for additional
developed facilities, now and in the future. To satisfy this urgent
need, intensive facility development will characterize this
region's recreation sites in the future. Intense competition
for land is likely to prevent the development of large scale state
park type recreation areas and the provision for activities that
require extensive land areas. Therefore, the region's populace
will be forced to seek such opportunities in other regions and
some of the demand for eight activities has been transferred to
other regions for 1985 and 2000.
	As shown in Table 9, the region's greatest needs, at
present, are for the home oriented activities of bicycling and
playing outdoor games and sports. The unmet demand in this
region for bicycling facilities amounts to 46,692 people now and
is expected to jump to 62,092 people by 1985. During the fif-
teen year span between 1985 and the year 2000, the region's
demand for bicycling opportunities will increase by another
19,500 people. In terms of facilities, 4,533 miles of designated
trails will be needed to satisfy the year 2000 bicycling demand.
To offset this need for bicycling facilities, local levels of govern-
ment must take advantage of every opportunity to develop new
trails. Designated bicycle thoroughfares should be established
within municipal street systems which safely separate bicyclists
from motorized vehicle traffic. Similarly, the state and county
levels should consider developing bicycle paths along routes
with sufficiently wide right-of-way.
	At present, the demand for outdoor gmes and sports
opportunities exceeds the supply of facilities by 33,715 people.
By 1985, this unmet emand will soar to 94, 715 people and to
168,315 people by the year 2000. The prime responsibility for
the provision of outdoor games and sports facilities rests with
the municipalities and, to a lesser extent, the counties. If the
local demands for outdoor games and sports facilities are to be

111
<pb n="120" />

               met, these jurisdictions must acquire additional recreation sites         By the year 2000, without the development of additional facili-
               within urban centers. Such sites need not be large since many             ties, the unmet demand for boating will increase to 19,204
               games and sports activities require limited space. In addition to         people while the fishing needs will grow to 5,900 people. The
               developing new recreation areas, local levels of government               responsibility for developing the launching ramps, access
               should examine existing recreation areas to determine where               points, and marinas required to satisfy the region's projected
               additional facilities can be built. It is likely that because of the      boating needs falls upon municipal, county and state jurisdic-
               scarcity of land, innovative techniques such as using rooftops            tions and the private sector. Since a large portion of the region's
               of large buildings will have to be employed to meet future                projected unmet fishing demands have been assigned to other
               needs. Since playing outdoor games and sports is one of the               regions, the majority of the region's remaining needs should be
               primary outdoor recreation pursuits of urban youth, a variety of          met by facilities provided by local levels of government for
               facilities should be provided within walking distance of all urban        close-to-home opportunities. (See Water Resources: Needs,
               residents.                                                                Problems and Potential.)
                    Existing swimming facilities are insufficient to handle the
               region's present swimming demand, resulting in a current un-
               met demand of 9,675 people. Even after assigning 30% of its
               projected needs to other regions, the Northeast's unmet swim-
               ming demand will amount to 61,653 people by 1985 and climb
               to 141,663 people by the year 2000. For the most part, the
               region's swimming needs will be met by pool construction. The
               commercial, quasi-public and private sector, which supplies
               72% of the existing swimming capacity in the region, can be
               expected to develop a substantial number of swimming pools in
               the form of commercial swim clubs and private country clubs.
               The trend toward forming municipally sponsored swim cl          u bs
               in this region will satisfy, in part, the local needs. But swimmin
                                                                                  9
               facilities with membership requirements or high user fees will                                              MW"Q#MMAW
               not benefit the majority of the region's residents. Municipalk
               ties will have to provide swimming facilities free of excessive
               fees and membership restrictions within easy travel distance of
               residents. To supplement the municipal facilities, new public
               swimming pools should be developed in the county park                          A substantial portion of the   Northeast Region's needs for
               systems.                                                                  hiking and equestrian trails will, out* of necessity, be met out-
                    Significant portions of the Northeast's projected unmet              side the region. At present, the Northeast Region needs 274
               demands for boating (70%) and fishing (50%) opportunities                 miles of hiking trails and 687 miles of bridle trails to satisfy the
               will have to be satisfied outside the region. Therefore, the re-          unmet demands for these activities of 4,376 people and 8,248
               gional facility deficits for these activities for 1985 and 2000           people, respectively. Without future facility development, the
               have been adjusted to reflect just the needs which can be met             region's needs will increase by the year 2000 to 9,031 people
               within the region. The 1985 facility deficits for boating and fish-       for hiking and 7,836 people for horseback riding. Within the
               ing will amount to 12,094 people and 500 people, respectively.            region, counties must assume the major responsibility for

               112
<pb n="121" />

                                     TABLE 9: NORTHEAST REGION -PRESENT AND FUTURE DEVELOPED RECREATIONAL FACILITY NEEDS

                                                                                                               1970                                                                                       1985                                                                                        2000

                                                                          Demand                       supply               Surplus or Deficit                     Demand       Surplus or Deficit                       Jurisdictional                        Demand           Surplus or Deficit                        Jurisdictional
                                                                          people        facilities 11people2              facil Itles3l people 4                   people 5  facIIItIes6 people7                         Responsibilitys                       people         facilities9.1 People 10                     Responsibility
                                     Swimming                              154,800                           145.125                             9,675             233,200                         61.653          Wnicipal-48,441                             347,500                              80,010         Municipal-62,865
                                                                                                                                                                   -26.42                                          County-4,404                                -60,712                                             County - 5,715
                                     Permanent Pools                                                   182                          17                             206,778             111                         Private-8,808                               286,788                 144                         Private - 11,430
                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Other Regions -26,422                                                                           @@,; ;1_9_icn,S_-_3_4_,2_9_0
                                     Feet of Shoreline                                      20,535                             4,838                                             30,827                            NW - 7,927; NC - 5,284                                         40,005                           NW - 10,287; NC - 6,858;
                                                                                                                                                                                                                   NS - 10,569; SS - 2,642                                                                         NS - 13,716; SS - 3.429
                                     Acres of Beach                                                    7                            22                                                 141                                                                                             184
                                     Boating                                32,100                             9,990                          22,110               50,300                          12,094          Municipal - 2,016                           74,000                                 7.110        Municipal - 1,185
                                                                                                                                                                   -28216                                          County - 2,016                              --_44806                                            County - 1. 185
                                                                                                                                                                   2                                               State - 4,031                               29,194                                              State - 2,370
                                     Areas                                                             5                            737                                                403                         Private - 4,031                                                     237                         Private-2,370

                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Regi ns
                                     Ramps                                                             7                            184                                                101                         @W.;              ; . ---2-8-,2-16                                    59                        @Wer              ons - 16,590
                                                                                                                                                                                                                   NW - 2,822. NC - 5,643;                                                                         NW - 6,636; NC - 4,977;
                                     Berths                                                   3,000                             7,370                                               4,031                          NS - 11,286 *, SS - 8,465                                        2,370                          NS - 3,318; SS - 1,659
                                     Water Acreage                                                                            22.110          1                              1    12,094                                                                                            7,110
                                     Fishing                                21,700                            28.400                            (6,700)            29,400                                 500      Municipal-250                               40,200                                 5,400        Municipal -2.700
                                                                                                                                                                   - 500                                           County - 200                                -5900                                               County - 2,160
                                                                                                                                                                   28,900                                          State - 50                                  -5 @,_66                                            State-540
                                     No. of Facilities                                                 16                                                                                 10                       ---------------                                                      108                        ---------------
                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Other Regions-500                                                                               Other Regions-5,400
                                     Water Acres                                                       344                                                                             167                         NW-200;NC-75                                                     1.800                          NW - 2,160; NC - 785
                                                                                                                                                                                                                   NS-225                                                                                          NS - 2,455
                                     Miles of Shoreline                                                85                                                                                    2                                                                                            20
                                     Camping                                  2,000                            1,400                                600            3,300                              1,900        County - 190                                  5,300                                2,000        County-200
                                     Family Sites                                                      350                          150       1                                        475                         Private-1,710                                                       500                         Private - 1,800
                                     Hiking                                 10,000                             5,624                             4,376             17,600                             4,791        Municipal - 1,198                                                                 4.240         Munici pal - 1,060
                                                                                                                                                                   -7,185                                          County - 2,395                              28,200                                              County - 2,120
                                                                                                                                                                   10,415                                          State - 599                                 -13545                                              State - 530
                                     Mi les                                                            351.5                        274                                                299                         Private - 599                               a, 'i6                  265                         Private - 530
                                                                                                                                                                                                                   - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -                                                                 ---------------
                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Other Regions -7,185                                                                            Other Regions -6,360
                                                                                                                                                                                                                   NW - 5,389; NC - 1,796                                                                          NW - 4,770; NC - 1,590
                                     Bicycling                              46,800                                 108                        146,692              62,200                          62,092          Municipal - 52,778                          81,700                               19,500         Municipal - 16,575
                                                                                                                                                                                                                   County - 6,209                                                                                  County - 975
                                     Miles                                                             6                        2,594                                                3,450                         State - 3,105                                                    1,083                          State - 1,950
                                     Horseback Riding                         9,100                                852                            8,248            1 1 0                              6,186        County - 2,812                              15,100                                1,650         Cou    nty - 750
                                                                                                                                                                   -5 062                                          Private-3,374                               -6412                                               Private - goo
                                                                                                                                                                                       516                         --------                                           A
                                     Mi les                                                            71                           687                                                                                                                                                138                         ---------------
                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Other Regions -5.062                                                                            Other Reg Ions - 1,350
                                                                                                                                                                                                                   NC - 4,050; CC - 1,012                                                       1                  NC - 1,080; CC - 270

                                     inc udes municipal. county. state. interstate, Federal am Private facilities.
                                     2T.lal stimated capacity .1 1970 facility supply.
                                     1,1nd icar;s total number of facilities necessary to Satiate umbet 1970 demand for each type of facility-
                                     "Represenjs deficit or (Surplus) of 1970 supply of facilities in terms of capacity to Met 1970 demand.
                                     5Represen  s regional demand am where necessary addition of derharid from other regions or subtraction Of regional demand distributed to the, regions to determine an adjusted
                                     -'4g:=.d=rL.r .1 facilities necessary to satiate unmet 1995 adjusted dernand for each type of facility.
                                     "ReIxesems deficit or (Surplus) of 1970 supply of facilities      in terms of capacity to Met 1985 di.tcd demand-
                                     "Apportioned s@re of the facility capacity deficit hiCh Should be accomirrodated by the various jurisdictioris within the region based upon their responsibilities and capabilities.
                                     'That portion ofs jurisdiction's responsibili@y, hich vsas apportioned it= out region demand is Sir- in brackets. Belov, the dotted line the demand assigned to other region. a
                                     dish,ineted to the ree, Wing reg ion . (Pria    Sector includes commercial enterprises. quas   -Public organiZatiOns and private or restricted membership clubs. Reservoirs are
                                     non-slate. peel @c wat: r supply ne.'ervoirs.)
                                     ,91ndi ates total number of facilities necessary to satiate unmat demand for, each type of facility assuming the 1985 deficit has been met.                                                                                                                                                                   113
                                         -E
                                     ORepresents deficit @ (Surplus) of supply of facilities in terms of capacity to Met 2000 adjusted demand assuming the 1985 Supply deficit has been met.
<pb n="122" />

                                    TABLE 9: NORTHEAST REGION (continued)

                                                                                                                 1970                                                                                        1985                                                                                              2000

                                                                           Demand                   supply                     Surplus or Deficit                 Demand               Surplus or Deficit                         Jurisdictional                          Demand Surplus or Deficit                                   Jurisdictional
                                                                           people         facl I Itles"I people 21 fac I IItIeS 31 peopIS4                        pqopIe5          faCIIItIes6 people7                            ResponsIbIIIty8                         people       facIIItIes9 people 10                          Responsibility
                                    Nature Interpretive                    23,900         These facilities should be developed                                      32,200                                                                                                42,800
                                    Facilities                                            where ecologically significant condi-
                                    (includes trails, dis-                                tions exist.
                                    plays and centers)
                                    Hunting                                10,400                                   181                           10,219            12,800                                                Other Regions-12,619 13,700                                                                         Other Reg ions - goo
                                                                                                                                                                  -12619                                                  NW - 8,833; NC - 1 262; -13 519                                                                     NW - 630; NC - 90;
                                    Acres                                                        907                           51,095                               !@@81                                                 NS - 1,262; SS - 1,@62                          _!@' @11                                            NS-90;SS-90

                                    Picnicking                             64,800                             38,795                              26,005            89,900                                35.773          Mun ic i pa I - 10,221                          122,300                              22,680         Mun ic i pa I - 6,480
                                                                                                                                                                  - 1 @53 3 2                                             County-25,552                                   -25.052                                             County - 16,200
                                    Acres                                                        271                                 650                            74,568                 893                                                                            97,24-8-                                            ---------------
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Ot her Reg i ons - 15,332                                              567                          Other Reg! ons - 9,720
                                    Tables                                                    5,691                               5,201                                                7,145                              N W - 4,6 00; N C - 3,83 3;                                                                         N W - 2,916; N C - 2.43 0;
                                                                                                                                                                                   I                                   I  NS - 6,133; SS - 766                                              4,536                           f NS - 3,888; SS - 486
                                    Ice Skating -Natural 215,800                                             327,326                           (111,526) 331,100                                             3.774        Municipal - 1132                                484,900                            153.800        @ Municipal -46140
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          County - 2265                                                                                       County - 92280
                                    No. of Sites                                                    14                                                                                         6                          State - 377                                                            231                          State - 15,380

                                    Acres                                                        435                                                                                           5                                                                                                212

                                    Ice Skating - Artificial 17,200                                              1,888                            15,312            26,500                                 24,612         Municipal-4922                                  38,800                               12,300         Municipal-2460
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          County - 17229                                                                                      County - 8610
                                    Acres                                                              1.1                             10.6                                                  17                           Private-24651                                                               8.5                     Private - 1230

                                    Snow Ski Ing                              1,600                                 850                                  750           2,900                                    205       County - 206                                    4.600                                      170      County - 170
                                                                                                                                                                    -1.845                                                --------------- -                               3 @37 5                                             ---------------
                                    Acres                                                           28                                 25                               1,055                  7                          Other Reg Ions - 1,845                          1,225                       6                       Other Reg ions - 1,530
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          NW - 738; N C - 1, 107                                                                              N W - 612; N C - 918

                                    Outdoor Games &amp;
                                    Sports                                 121,900                             88,185                             33,715 182,900                                           94,715         Municipal -75,772                               256,500                              73.600         Municipal-58880
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          County - 14207                                                                                      County - 11040
                                    Playgrounds                                                  716                                   674                                             1,894                              State-4736                                                        1,472                             State - 3,680

                                    Open Playfields                                            1,416                                1,686                                              4,736                                                                                                3,680
                                    Game Courts                                                2,014                              .3,372                                               9,472                                                                                                7.360

                                    Golf - 18 holes                                                 43                                 450                                             1,263                                                                                                    981
                                    Golf - 9 holes                                                  12                                 843                                             2   368                                                                                              1,840

                                    Golf - Par 3                                                    11                              1,686                                              4,736                                                                                                3,680

                                    ;lrcludint Wincipat. county. state, Interstate. Fed.r.1 and Private facilities.
                                    :Total "tinnated capacity Of 1970 facility supply.
                                    Indicates total number of facilities necessary to satiate unmt 1970 dernand tor each type of facility.
                                    ,Represents deficit or (surplus) of 1970 supply of facilities in term of calpacify to met 1970 dereand.
                                    R presents regional demand and where necessary addition of dereand from other regions or subtraction of regional demnd distributed to other regions to determine an adjusted
                                         d  'r@     nd
                                    -Is     "'a     in  r of facilities necessary to satiate urniet 1935 adjusted dereand for each type of facility-
                                    7R @grvaamd . de..  (surplus) of 1970 supply of facilities in term of capacity to met 1985 adjusted derriand.
                                    ." P..          a.  the fecility capacity deficit which should be acc.-nodated by the      various jurl.dictions, wi hin the region based upon their responibilities and capabilities.
                                    'That Portion of ajurisdiction'..respon.i4ility @ich vas apportioned frT out rc@ierl dentand is shmn in brackels. Bel- (he dotted line the derns,@ assignied to other regions, is
                                    distributed to the receiving r                                             l          r
                                                               ,710mS. (Private sector includes caremercia enterpr sea. quasi-public Organizations and private or restricted members 6P C ubs. Reservoir. W
                                    non'tate, public waler supp y reservoirs.)
                                    9Indicates total number of facilities necessary to satiate unrest demand for each type of facility assuming the 1985 deficit has been mt.
                                    it'Represems deficit or (surprus) of supply .1 facilities in term of capacity to met 2000 adjusted dii-nd ass,uming the 1995 supply deficit has been mt.

                                    114
<pb n="123" />

                providing hiking trails since they are the only jurisdiction which            artificial ice skating areas will be required to satisfy the year
                administers suitable areas of sufficient size for trail develop-              2000 demand. Since opportunities to ice skate are most fre-
                ment. The private sector is expected to play a significant role in            quently sought close to home, local levels of government will
                the development of, future bridle trails within the Northeast                 have to provide most of the future facilities.
                Region. However, bridle trails should also be developed in                         The majority of the demand for snow skiing must be met
                county park systems for the people who cannot afford to use                   outside the Northeast Region because of the lack of develop-
                the private sector's facilities.                                              ment opportunities. County parks within the region with suitable
                      A critical need exists for more picnicking facilities at the            slopes, e.g., golf courses, should develop skiing facilities to
                municipal and county levels. Despite the provision in this                    provide day use opportunities within an hour's drive of the ma-
                region of a major portion of New Jersey's total picnicking                    jority of the population.
                capacity, the sheer number of people who reside in the region
                produce a need for more picnicking facilities at sites close
                to their homes. Faced with a present unmet demand of 26,005
                people seeking to use picnicking facilities on an average peak                     CENTRAL CORRIDOR REGION
                season weekend day, 5,201 more picnic tables must be pro-
                vided to supplement existing county and municipal picnic                           The Central Corridor Region, already the State's second
                facilities. The responsibility for supplying adequate picnic                  most densely populated region, is still undergoing intense ur-
                facilities must, out of necessity, rest at the local level in the             banization, and, as such, the most pressing need is for the
                region. In the future much of this demand will be absorbed by                 acquisition of open space recreation land before all the land
                less developed regions which are also able to provide related                 is developed or priced beyond the fiscal capabilities of local
                activities such as swimming and boating.                                      governments. The region's needs for developed facilities, at
                     The private sector is expected to be the major developer of              present, are not severe for most activities but this will change
                new camping facilities in the Northeast Region. Close campsite                in the future as the region's growing population creates an ex-
                spacing and the provision of few auxiliary recreation facilities              panded home recreation demand. However, local and state
                will most likely characterize private campgrounds in the future.              levels of government should continue buying land now with an
                For the most part, the Northeast's camping demand will be gen-                eye to future development potential so as to preserve recreation
                erated by tourists seeking inexpensive overnight accommoda-                   and open space resources such as stream banks that would
                tions, and therefore, the private sector, contending with                     otherwise be lost.
                escalating land prices and rising property taxes, will break                       As with other regions, the Central Corridor shows an ur-
                from the traditional concept of campground development and                    gent need for developed bicycling facilities. (Refer to Table 10.)
                provide only the bare minimum of facilities in order to keep                  The present unmet demand for bicycling opportunities of 15,646
                user fees low. However, there will be a continuing need for                   people will soar by the year 2000 to 30,946 people. To satisfy
                traditional campgrounds in the region and the counties should                 the need for bicycle trails, the Central Corridor's jurisdictions
                develop such facilities wherever possible.                                    will have to adopt practices similar to the ones recommended
                      In the future, ice skating demand will outstrip the capacity            for other regions- provision of segregated bicycle thorough-
                of the region's existing supply of natural and artificial ice                 fares within municipal street systems and the utilization of
                skating areas. Over two hundred acres of water surface will be                rights-of-way along state and county highways. The State's
                needed by the year 2000 to satisfy the region's demand for nat-               responsibility should also include the development of the
                ural ice skating opportunities. In addition, 25.5 more acres of               Delaware and Raritan Canal's 60 mile towpath for bicycling.

                                                                                                                                                                  115
<pb n="124" />

	The Central Corridor Region's projected population growth
is expected to lead to a high future home demand for outdoor
games and sports opportunities and result in an acute need for
this type of facility. At present, the region's need for outdoor
games and sports facilities amounts to 5,605 people, but by the
year 2000 this need will climb to 62,605 people. Opportunities
to participate in outdoor games and sports are usually sought
by people within a 15 minute drive from their homes and, there-
fore primary responsibility for providing these facilities rests
with local levels of government, particularly the municipality.
Counties should supplement municipal facilities by devel-
oping sports complexes offering a wide range of facilities and
by developing additional golf facilities.
	In the future, facility needs for water-oriented activities in
the Central Corridor Region will be considerable. The unmet
demand for boating facilities, presently 7,211 people, will grow
to over 25,000 people by the year 2000. If additional facilities
are not provided for fishing, the present unmet demand of 1,795
people will increase to 4,076 in 1985 and to nearly 8,000 people
by the year 2000. Although existing swimming facilities appear
sufficient to accommodate the region's present demand, they
will fall short of accommodating the 1985 demand by 12,901
people and the 2000 demand by 64,101 people. In order to
satisfy the local boating needs, the counties and municipalities
must expand existing facilities and develop new ones whereever
possible. These facilities could take any one of a number of
forms such as boat rentals, launching ramps and berths. Along
with local development programs, the State should develop
launching ramps for trailer drawn boats and access points for
car-top boats along the Delaware River and provide for max-
imum utilization of the Delaware and Raritan Canal. A sig-
nificant portion of the Central Corridor's fishing needs will be
met by the new boating facilities provided by the municipalities,
counties and the State. Because the major portion of the
region's swimming demand is for opportunities close to home,
municipalities and counties will have to assume responsibility
for providing new swimming facilities, especially in urban areas
in the form of swimming pools.
	The Central Corridor Region, like the Northeast, shows a
need for designated hiking trails and developed horseback rid-

CENTRAL
CORRIDOR
REGION

116
<pb n="125" />

                        TABLE 10: CENTRAL CORRIDOR REGION-PRESENT AND FUTURE                                                                       DEVELOPED RECREATIONAL FACILITY NEEDS

                                                                            1970                                                         1985                                                              2000

                                                   Demand             supply          Surplus or Deficit Demand Surplus or Deficit                     Jurisdictional           Demand Surplus or Deficit                Jurisdictional
                                                   people    facilitlesl people2 facIIItIeS3     Ipeople4 peoples facIIItIeS6 people7                  Responsibility8          people facIIItIes9 peoplelO               Responsibility
                        Swimming                   56,700                   76,199                (19,499) 89,100                       12,901     Mun ici pa I - 7,741         140,300                   51,200    Municipal -30,720
                                                                                                                                                   County-1.935                                                     County -7,680
                           Permanent Pools                          98                                                          23                 State - 1,290                                 92                 State - 5.120
                                                                                                                                                   Private - 1,935                                                  Private - 7,680
                           Feet of Shoreline                    10,252                                                        6,451                                                          25,600
                           Acres of Beach                             3                                                         30                                                              118
                        Boating                    11,800                   4,589                    7,211      19,100                  14,511     Municipal - 1,451            29,800                    10,700    Mun ic !pal - 1.070
                                                                                                                                                   County-4,353                                                     County - 3,210
                           Areas                                    30                     240                                 484                 State - 5.805                                357                 State - 4,2 80
                                                                                                                                                   Private - 2,902                                                  Pr ivate - 2,140
                           Ramps                                    14                       60                                121                                                               89
                           Berths                                 565                    2,404                               4,837                                                             3,567
                           Water Acreage                          314                    7,211                               14,511                                                          10,700
                        Fishing                      9,400                  7,605                    1,795      12,700                   4,076     Municipal - 1,019            18,000                     4,240    Municipal - 1,060
                                                                                                                -1 019                             County - 1,019               -2,079                              County - 1,060
                           No. of Facilities                          9                      36                 1 0-i 1         82                 State -2,038                 15,921           85                 State - 2.12 0
                                                                                                                                                   ----------------                                                 ----------------
                           Water Acres                              37                     598                                1,359                Other Regions -1,019                        1,413                Other Regions - 1,060
                                                                                                                                                   NW-459; NC-101;                                                  NW - 477; NC - 106;
                           M I les of Shore I i ne                  25                        7                                 15                 NS-459                                        16                 NS - 477
                        Camping                      1,500                      524                    976      2,400                    1,876     County - 1,125                  3,900                    1.500   County - 900
                                                                                                                                                   State - 563                                                      State -450
                           Family Sites                           131                      244                                 469                 Private - 188                                375                 Private - 150
                        Hiking                       3,400                  3,179                       221     6,400                    3,221     Municipal -805               10,900                     4,500    Municipal - 1.125
                                                                                                                                                   County-1,127                                                     County - 1,575
                           Miles                                  198.7                      14                                201                 State - 1,289                                281                 State - 1,800
                        Bicycling                  15,700                        54                 15,646      22,100                  22,046     Municipal -13,228            31,000                      8,900   Municipal -5,340
                                                                                                                                                   County-4,409                                                     County - 1,780
                           Miles                                      3                    869                                1,225                State -4,409                                 494                 State - 1,780
                        Horseback Riding             3,000                      852                  2,148      4,300                    4,46o     County - 1,207                  5,700                    1,670   County-490
                                                                                                                +1,012                             State - 1,115 (253)          +1 282                              State - 418 (68)
                           Miles                                      7                    179                  5,312          372                 Private - 2,138 (759)           6,M-T        139                 Private - 762 (202)

                           lincludes Municipal, County,       State,  Interstate,  Federal and     Private   facilities.
                           2Total estimated capacity of      1970 fac i I Ity supp ly.
                           3 i nd icates lots I number of fac I I It ies necessary t o sat I ate unmet 1 97o demand f or each type of f ac I I ity.
                           4Re presents def ic 1 t or (surp I us) of 1970 su pp ly of f ac: 11 i t I es I n terms of capac: ity to meet 1970 demand.
                           SRepresents regional demand and where necessary addition of demand from other regions or subtraction of regional demand distributed to other regions todetermine an adjusted
                           regional demand.
                           61ndicates total number of facilities necessary to satiate unmet 1985 adjusted demand for each type of facility.
                           7Represents; deficit or (surplus) of 1970 supply of facilities in terms of capacity to meet 1985 adjusted demand.
                           BApportioned share of the facility capacity deficit which should be accommodated by the various jurisdictions within the region based upon their responsibilities and capabilities.
                           That     rtion of a jurisdiction's responsibility which, as apportioned from out region demand is shown in brackets. Below the dotted line the demand assigned to other regions is
                           distriguted to the receiving regions. (Private sector includes commercial enterprises, quasi-public organizations and private or restricted membership clubs.)
                           91ndicates total number of facl lities,necessary to satiate unmet demand for each type of facility assuming the 1985 deficit has been met.
                           IORepresents deficit or (surplus) of supply of facilities in terms of capacity to meet 2000 adjusted demand assuming the 1985 supply deficit has been met.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          117
<pb n="126" />

                                   TABLE 10: CENTRALCORRIDOR REGION (continued)

                                                                                                           1970                                                                                       11985                                                                                          2000

                                                                        Demand                     supply                 Surplus or Deficit                 Demand           Surplus or Deficit                          Jurisdictional                       Demand Surplus or Deficit                                  Jurisdictional
                                                                        people         facilities I 1peopI92            IfaCllltleS3.lpeople4                 peoples        facIIItIes6         people 7                 Responsibilitys                      people         facilitles9i peopielO                       Responsibility
                                   Nature Interpretive                     8,600          hese facilities should be developed                                  12,100                                                                                          17,100
                                   Facilities                                          where ecologically significant cond11
                                   (includes trails, dis-                              tions exist.
                                   plays and centers)                                                                                     I
                                   Hunting                                 3,800                                 207                            3,593            4,900                                 1,408      State - 1, 173                               5,600                                      210       State - 175
                                                                                                                                                               -3,285                                             Pr i vate - 235                              -3,775                                               Fir 1 vate - 35
                                                                                                                                                                                                                       --- --- ----                                                                                 -----------------
                                                                                                                                                                 1,615                                            bi@er Fii6ions--3,285                        1,825                                                Other Regions -490
                                   Acres                                                   1,034                             17,965                                              7,040                            NW - 1,642; NS - 329;                                          1,050                              NW - 245; NS - 49;
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  SW - 821: SS - 493                                                                                SW - 122; SS - 74

                                   Picnicking                           23,000                              42,280                             19,480) 33,400                                          9,080'                                                  48,500                                  6,020        Municipal -1,240
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    County - 3,010
                                   Acres                                                      842                                                                                                                                                                                    151                            State - 1,806
                                   Tables                                                  1,760                                                                                                                                                                                 1,204          ,
                                   ice Skating -Natural                 71,700                            225,491                          (153,791) 116,900                                      (108,591                                                  183,100                                 (42,391)

                                   No. of Sites                                                    5

                                   Acres                                                      306

                                   Ice Skating -Artificial 6,700                                                                                5,700            9,400                                 9,400      Municipal - 1,880                            14,700                                 5.300         Municipal - 1,060
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  County -6,580                                                                                     County - 3.710
                                   Acres                                                                                             3.9@                                                 6.5                     Private - 940                                                           3.7                       Private - 530
                                   Snow Skiing                                900                             1,225                                 325)         1,500                                    275     County - 275                                 2,500                                   1,000        County - 1,000

                                   Acres                                                         41                                                                                       9                                                                                            33

                                   Outdoor Games &amp;
                                   Sports                               41,000                              35,495                              5,605 65,100                                         29,605       Munlcl pal -20,724                           98,100                                33,000         Municipal -23,100
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  County-4,441                                                                                      County - 4,950
                                   Playgrounds                                                291                                 112                                                592                          State - 1,480                                                      660                            State - 1,650
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Private - 2,960                                                                                   Fir i vate - 3,300
                                   Open Playfields                                            623                                 280                                            1,480                                                                                           1,650

                                   Game Courts                                                707                                 561                                            2,961                                                                                           3,300

                                   Golf - 18 holes                                               17                                 75                                               395                                                                                             440

                                   Golf -9 holes                                                   3                              140                                                740                                                                                             825

                                   Golf -Par 3                                                     1                              280                                            1,480                                                                                           1,650

                                   lincludes fulunicipal, County. State, Interstate. Federal and Rivate facilities.
                                   2T
                                   31 Ztat estimated capacity of 1970 facility Supply.
                                      cates total number of facilities necessary to set late umnet 1970 demand for each type of facility.
                                   i'Reprasards deficit Or (-pl.) of 1970 supply .1 facilities in terms of capacity to meet 1970 demand.
                                   5Represents regional demand and where necessary addition Of demand from Other regions oi@ subtraction of regional demand distributed to Other regions to determine an adjusted
                                   43:=.df-.=1n_.1 .1 Iticililes necessary to satiate umnin ISM Vilsted demand for each type of facility-
                                   7Repre-nts deficit M (Surplus) Of 1970 supply of facilities in terms o capa@fty to meet ism adjusted demand.
                                   Zzwtiowd share of the facility capWily deficit which Should be accommodated by the various jurisdictions within the region based upon their responsibilities and capabilities.
                                   That portion of ailaisdictiorl's responsibility which was apport      from cgare i.@ deman is shown in trackels. E3eloi,v the dotted line the demand assigned to other I.T.M. 1.
                                                                                                              a    p@
                                   distributed to the receiving regions. (f,ri@te Sector includes c=rcial           r es.  quaadi-public organi2ations and private ol, restricted merd-ship clubs. Reservoirs 0
                                   nZ,@late. public water supply reservoirs.)
                                     cale. total number of facilities necessary to satiate unmet demand for each type of facility assuming the 19115 deficit has been het.
                                   1ORIpasents deficit ai, (suiriplue) of supply of facilities in terms of capacity to meet 2000adjusted demand assuminf; the 1985 Supply deficit has been met.

                                   118
<pb n="127" />

               ing trails. To satisfy the year 2000 demands for hiking and                                                                                        L
               horseback riding opportunities, 482 milmees of hiking trails and
               511 miles of bridle trails must be developed. The county and
               municipal levels should be able to develop a large share of the
               hiking trail mileage on lands purchased under future acquisi-
               tion programs. But the State should also play a significant role
               in providing hiking opportunities by developing the Delaware
               and Raritan Canal's towpath for hiking and constructing new
               trails in state recreation areas for a semi-wilderness type of
               hiking experience. Because horseback riding facilities can be a                                /T
               profitable venture, the private sector is expected to develop
               substantial bridle trail mileage in the future to capitalize on the
               region's growing unmet horseback riding demand.
                     At present, 244 family campsites are needed to accommo-
               date the region's unmet camping demand of 976 people. By the
               year 2000, the region's camping needs will have         increased to
               3,376 people requiring the development of 844 campsites. As                                                                                         Wd
               with hiking and horseback riding facilities, counties should de-

               velop most of the region's future camping facilities in existing
               and planned county parks. At the state level the expansion of
               existing campgrounds should be considered and the devel-
               opment of new campgrounds at existing and proposed recrea-                   government will    still have to acquire 8,090 additional      acres
               tion areas should be planned.                                                of hunting lands to satisfy the demands of 1,618 people.
                     Existing facilities are sufficient to satisfy the region's pres-            Although the present and future demand for natural ice
               ent and 1985 demand for picnicking. But by the year 2000, the                skating opportunities in the Central Corridor Region can be ac-
               demand for picnicking opportunities will outstrip existing facil-            commodated by the existing supply of natural ice skating areas,
               ities resulting in a regional deficit of 1,204 picnic tables. The            there is a critical need in the region for artificial ice skating
               majority of the region's future picnicking facilities should be              areas to provide ice skating continuously during the winter
               developed by the municipal and county levels since picnicking                season. The region's present unmet demand for artificial ice
               opportunities are most sought close to one's place of residence.             skating areas of 5,700 people will grow to 14,700, people by the
               The remainder of the region's picnicking needs should be                     year 2000. Most of the 10.2 acres of artificial ice skating areas
               accommodated at state recreation areas.                                      required to meet the 2000 demand should be provided by the
                     Since the Central Corridor's urban growth is rapidly con-              counties since they have greater financial resources than the
               suming extensive tracts of land, it is highly unlikely that a sig-           municipalities.
               nificant portion of the present and future demand for hunting                     Since the Central Corridor's future needs for snow skiing
               will be satisfied within the region. To meet the region's present            facilities are expected to be slight, 1,275 people by the year
               unmet hunting demand of 3,593 people, 17,965 additional acres                2000, the county level should be able to satisfy the region's
               of land are required. By the year 2000, even after transferring              needs by developing limited facilities on slopes within existing
               the hunting needs of 3,775 people, the region's various levels of            park systems and newly acquired county recreation areas.

                                                                                                                                                              119
<pb n="128" />

                                -EX
                                         SSAIC                                                                                               NORTH SHORE REGION
                            W@N            RG N                              K.
                              S--          H.I-s@                                                                                            The North Shore Region's long and well developed shore-
                                                                                                                                     line    is extremely popular with tourists seeking water-oriented
                                                                                                     wp!
                                                                                                                                     recreation opportunities during the summer months. Still pre-
                                                                                                                                     dominantly rural in character except along the coastline, the
                                                                                                                                     North Shore Region is beginning to experience rapid suburban
                               @-TIC                                                          V                                      growth resulting from the outward expansion of the New York
                       c-_
                                                                                                                                     metropolitan area. By the turn ofthe century, the residential
                                                                                                                                                                                       Region is expected to reach over
                                                                                                                                     population of the North Shore
                                                                                Ath,4k                                               one million people. The development of recreation facilities
                                                                                                                                     in this region must be planned in light of its growing residential
                                                                                                                        KY F"K       needs and proven tourist popularity. Advanced planning is ur-
                                                                  _P                                                                 gently needed in order to guide future development into a
                                                                                                                                     patter
                                                                                                                    b,                        n compatible with the region's long term investment in
                                                                                 t@p.' I i   X
                                                                                                                                     recreation. Through planning, which recognizes environmen-
                                                                                                   s    L11
                                                                                                                                     tally critical areas, water pollution problems can be prevented
                                                                                                                                     and even corrected and a balance between developed lands
                                                                                                                                     and open space lands that serve as natural habitats for the
                          - - ------                                                                                                 region's fish and wildlife resources can be achieved.
                                                            -p@                              tWP:
                                                                                U&amp;.w..d    'd'                                               Swimming, fishing and boating comprise the North Shore's
                             WPI                                                                                                     major recreation attractions. (Refer to Table 11.) The region's
                                                                                                                                     existing supplies of swimming and fishing appear adequate to
                                                                                DO-
                                                          Lk.                                                                        accommodate its present and future demands for these activi-
                                                                                                                                     ties. Even though the North Shore's present boating demands
                                                                                                                                     are being met be existing facilities, significant unmet boating
                                                                                          G
                                                                                                                                     demands of 9,336 people and 29,680 people are projected for
                                                                         T_                                                          the years 1985 and 2000, respectively. The private sector,
                                                                                                                                     already the region's major supplier of boating accommodations,
                                                                                                                                     can be expected to develop a substantial number of boating
                                                                                                                                     berths in the future that will satisfy much of the North Shore's
                                                                                                                                     needs. In order to meet the region's total future boating needs,
                                                             L_.y                                                                    all levels of government must develop more boating facilities,
                     NORTH
                                                                                                                                     primarily in the form of access points for car-top boats and
                     SHORE                                                                                                           launching ramps for trailer drawn boats to complement the pri-
                     REGION                                                                                                          vate sector's supply of facilities.
                                                                        ---- ---                                                             There is an acute shortage of picnicking facilities in the
                                                         u.ii   _P?                                                                  North Shore Region resulting in an unmet demand of 39,885
                                                                                                                                     people on an average weekend day during the peak season.
                                                                                                                                     This need will soar to 88,206 people by the year 2000. In terms

                     120
<pb n="129" />

                          TABLE 11: NORTH SHORE REGION - PRESENT AND FUTURE DEVELOPED RECREATIONAL                                                                                           FACILITY NEEDS

                                                                                1970                                                          1985                                                            2000
                                                    Demand           Supply            Surplus or Deficit      Demand      Surplus or Deficit            Jurisdictional            Demand      Surplus or Deficit            Jurisdictional
                                                     people   facilitiesi people2 facIIItIes31peopIe4          people5 facilities    6   people7         Responsibility8           people    facl litles9l people' 0         Responsibility
                          Swimming                  145,500                 342,479                 1196,979)  206,800                   (125,110)                                 298,100                  (20,0094)
                                                                                                               +10.56                                                              +24,285
                          Permanent Pools                            72                                        217,369                                                             322,385

                          Feet of Shoreline                   142,777

                          Acres of Beach                             39
                          Boating                    29,800                  44,350                  (14,550)    42.406                     9,336 State-2,801 (2,801)              62,600                    29,680 Municipal-4,562
                                                                                                               +11,286                              Private - 6,535 (6,535) +20,766                                    County - 1,825
                          Areas                                      15                                          53,686          311                                               83,366         989                  State - 7,079 (2844)
                          Ramps                                      33                                                            78                                                             247                  Private - 16,214 (6636)
                          Berths                                12,498                                                         3.112                                                             9,893

                          Water Acreage                           2,446                                                        9,336                                                           29,680
                          Fishing                    42,100                  91,279                 (49,179) 50,700                       (39,895)                                 67,000                    (18,258)
                                                                                                                 + 684                                                             +6,021
                          No. of Facilities                          86                                          51,384                                                            73,021

                          Water Acres                            2,613

                          Miles of Shoreline                         181
                          Camping                    13,600                  1,584                    12,016     22,100                     20,516  County - 10,258                35,500                     13,400   County - 6,700
                                                                                                                                                    State - 2,052                                                      State - 1,340
                          Family Sites                               396                  3,004                                5,129                Private - 8,206                              3,350                 Private - 5,360
                          Hiking                      5,500                  5,082                        418      9,400                     4,318  Municipal - 864                14.500                     5,100    Municipal - 1,020
                                                                                                                                                    County - 1,943                                                     County - 2,295
                          Miles                               1      317.6                   26                                   270               State - 1,511                                 319                  State-1,785
                          Bicycling                  20,300                      108                  20,192     26,700                    26,592   Municipal - 15,955             35,400                     8,700    Municipal - 5,220
                                                                                                                                                    County - 7,978                                                     County - 2,610
                          Mi les                                       6                  1,122                                1,477                State - 2,659                                 483                  State - 870
                          H orsebac k R id i ng       3,400                  1,278                      2,122      4,300                     3,028  Municipal - 303                 5,700                     1,400    Municipal - 140
                                                                                                                                                    County - 1.514                                                     County - 700
                          Mi les                                     106.51                 177                                   252               State - 303                                   117                  State - 140
                                                                                                                                                    Private - 908                                                      Private - 420

                          Includes Municipal, County, State, Interstate, Federal and Private facilities.
                          2Total estimated capacity of 1970 facility supply.
                          31ndicates total number of facilities necessary to satiate unmet 1970 demand for each type of facility.
                          4Represents deficit or (surplus) of 1970 supply of facilities in terms of capacity to meet 1970 demand.
                          5Represents regional demand and where necessary addition of demand from other regions or subtraction of regional demand distributed to other regions todetermine an adjusted
                          regional demand.
                          61ndicates total number of facilities necessary to satiate unmet 1985 adjusted demand for each type of facility.
                          7Represents deficit or (surplus) of 1970 supply of facilities in terms of capacity to meet 1985 adjusted demand.
                          8Apportioned share of the facility capacity deficit which should be accommodated by the various jurisdictions within the region based upon their responsibilities and capabilities.
                          That portion of a jurisdiction's responsibility which was apportioned from out region demand is shown in brackets. Below the dotted line the demand assigned to other regions is
                          distributed to the receiving regions. (Private sector includes commercial enterprises, quasi-public organizations and private or restricted membership clubs. Reservoirs are
                          non-state, public water supply reservoirs.)
                          91ndicates total number of facilities necessary to satiate unmet demand for each type of facility assuming the 1985 deficit has been met.
                          I ORepresents deficit o  r (surplus) of supply of facili   ties in terms of capacity to meet 2000 adjusted demand assuming the 1985 supply deficit has been met.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             121
<pb n="130" />

                                      TABLE 11: NORTH SHORE REGION (continued)

                                                                                                                 1970                                                                                            1985                                                                                               2000

                                                                             Demand                      Supply                  Surplus or Deficit                    Demand             surplus or Deficit                         Jurisdictional                         Demand Surplus or Deficit                                    Jurisdictional
                                                                             people          facilities I 1people2               facilities3ipeople4                   people5         facilities6 people7                           Responsibility 8                       people         facIIItIes9          people 10                Responsibility
                                                                                                                                               --L--
                                      Nature Interpretive                    20,700          These facilities should be developed                                      25,700                                                                                               34.000
                                      Facilities                                             where ecologically significant condi-
                                      (includes trails, dis-                                 tions exist.
                                      plays and centers)                                     I                                                       I                                                                                                                                                                            I
                                      Hunting                                10,400                                  8,707                              1.693          10,800                                 3,684          State -2,998 (1114)                            12,800                                  2,139         State - 1,897 (97)
                                                                                                                                                                       +1,591                                                Pr I vate - 686 (477)                          +1,730                                                Private -242 (42)
                                      Acres                                                     43,537                              8,465                              12,391       1@ 18,420                                                                               14,530            10,695
                                      Picnicking                             50,100                                10,215                            39,885            64,600                                 60,518         Municipal - 10,877                             88,400                                27,688          Munic i pa I - 4,760
                                                                                                                                                                       +6133                                                 County - 21,754                                +10021                                                County - 9,520
                                                                                                     100                               997                             J_
                                      Acres                                                                                                                            7 67, @i           1,513                              State - 23,287 (4293)                          VM_i                   692                            State - 10,492 (2722)
                                      Tables                                                 1    1,243                             7,977            1                                    12,104                             Private - 4,600 (1840)                                            5,538                              Private -2,916 (1166)
                                      Ice Skating -Natural                   85,800                              110,134                             (24,334)          131,600                                21,466         Municipal - 10,733                             190,700                               59,100          Mun ic i pa I - 29,550
                                                                                                                                                                                                                             County - 8,586                                                                                       County-23,640
                                      No. of Sites                                                       16                                                                                    32                            State - 2,147                                                            89                          State - 5.910

                                      Acres                                                          137                                                                                       30                                                                                                     81

                                      Ice Skating -Artificial 6,900                                                                                     6,900          10,500                                 10,500         Municipal-2.100                                15,200                                  4,700         Municipal-940
                                                                                                                                                                                                                             County-7,350                                                                                         County-3,290
                                      Acres                                                                                                4.8                                                    7.2                        Pr i vate - 1 050                                                         3.2                        Fir I vate - 470

                                      Snow Skiing                               5,700                                    550                            5,150             8,700                                   815        County - 815                                   13,800                                      510       County - 150
                                                                                                                                                                       -7,335                                                ---------------                                - 11,925                                              ------------------
                                      Acres                                                              18                            172                                1,365                27                            Other Regions-7,335                               1,875                  17                          Other Regions -4,590
                                                                                                                                                                                                                             NW - 5,868; NC - 1,467                                                                               NW-3,672; NC-918

                                      Outdoor Games &amp;
                                      Sports                                 59,000                                16,025                            42,975            84,600                                 68,575         Municipal -48,003                              121,500                               36,900          Municipal -25,830
                                                                                                                                                                                                                             County - 10,286                                                                                      County -5,535
                                      Playgrounds                                                    124                               860                                                1,372                              State - 3,42 9                                                        738                            State -1,845
                                      Open Playfields                                                279                            2,149                                                 3,429                              Private - 6,857                                                   1,845                              Private -3,690

                                      Game Courts                                                    279                            4,298                                                 6,858                                                                                                3,690

                                      Golf - 18 holes                                                    17                            573                                                     914                                                                                                 492

                                      Golf - 9 holes                                                     3                          1,074                                                 1,714                                                                                                    923

                                      Golf - Par 3                                                       3                          2,149                                                 3,429                                                                                                1,845

                                      ;Includes Municipal. County. State, interstate, Federal and Private facilities.
                                      ,T-t-I asulinated capacity of 1970 facility supply.
                                      41haticates total number of fecilili@s necessary to Satiate mmt 1970 demand far each type Of facility-
                                      ,R:p ... ntS deficit or (surplus) of 1970 Supply of facilities in term of capacity to met 1970 demard.
                                      R presents regicral den,and and where necessary addition of demand from Other regimas a, subtraction of regional dernerial distributed to other regloos to determine an adjusted
                                      ,reg!on,tI demand.
                                      .1ndscates total nume, .1 facilities necessary to Satiate unnet I9a5 adjusted dernand fair each type of facility.
                                      ,R presents deficit or (Surplus) of 1970 supply of facilities in term Of capacity to met 1985 adjusted demnd.
                                      A;p.oned Share of the facility capacity deficit hich should be acconvuadated by the various jurisdictions, Within the region based pan their responsibilities and capabilities.
                                      That portion at a jurisdIctim's,resporlsiqility hich vais apportioned from out region deriamd is shav, I, braclo,ts. Folov, the dotted line the ad            nd assigned to -the, regims is
                                      distributed to he rec, i Ing reg oos. (Private Sector includes comorarcial enterprises. quasi-public orgwizat jonS and private or restricted mr=ship clubs              .Reservoirs are
                                      nori,stale, pub;ic vrat@e,`Supply reservoirs.)
                                      9indicates total number of facilities necessary to satiate unnet demand for each type of facility assuming the 1985 deficit has been olat.
                                      toFtepresents deficit or (Surplus) of supply of facilities in term of capacity to met 2000 adjusted demand assuming the 19115 supply def, it has been roat.

                                      122
<pb n="131" />

               of facilities, 7,977 picnic tables are required to meet the present       accommodations within easy commuting distance of the coast-
               picnicking demand and 9,665 more tables will be required to               line, far outstrips the capacity of existing facilities. The North
               satisfy picnicking demand in the year 2000. Since picnicking              Shore's present unmet camping demand of 12,016 people will
               opportunities are commonly sought in accompaniment to other               climb to 33,916 people by the year 2000. Although private cap-
               activities, there is a critical need for supplementary picnic             ital can be expected to develop a substantial portion of the
               tables at state recreation areas and at other swimming or fish-           8,479 campsites required by the year 2000, the counties and
               ing areas open to the general public. In addition, wayside picnic         State must develop additional facilities to serve the needs of
               areas along major routes are needed. The provision of these               those desiring backwoods camping experiences.
               areas should be primarily a state responsibility. In the interior              The North Shore Region lacks sufficient facilities to
               of the North Shore Region, municipalities and counties should             accommodate present and future demands for backwoods
               provide picnic facilities to accommodate the local demand.                types of activities including hiking, horseback riding, and
                                                                                         hunting. To satisfy the anticipated demands for these activities
                                                                                         at the turn of the century, 589 miles of hiking trails must be
                                                                                         developed, 369 miles of bridle trails must be constructed, and
                                                                                         29,115 acres of land must be opened for hunting, State and
                                                                                         county levels should develop the majority of these facilities
                                                                                         since they administer the extensive tracts of land these
                                                                                         facilities since they administer the extensive tracts of land these
                                                     mom
                                                                                         activities require. Responding to the profitable market for
                                                                                         horseback riding opportunities, the commercial sector is ex
                                                                                         pected to develop a substantial portion of the bridle trail mile-
                                                                                         age.
                                                                                              Though the North Shore's present demand for natural ice
                                                                                         skating opportunities is being met by existing facilities, there
                     There  are marked deficiencies in developed recreation              will be a significant unmet natural ice skating demand of 80,566
               facilities for bicycling and playing outdoor games and sports in          people by the turn of the century. The responsibility for provid-
               the North Shore Region. The present unmet demand for bicy-                ing the 111 acres of natural ice areas needed by the year 2000
               cling opportunities of 20,192 people will grow to 35,292 by the           near the region's population centers rests primarily with the
               year 2000 while the regional need for outdoor games and sports            local levels of government. In addition to the need for natural
               facilities, presently 42,975 people, will soar to 105,475 people          ice skating areas, there is also a need for the development of
               by the turn of the century. Since tourists visiting the shore             artificial ice skating areas to provide ice skating opportunities
               resort areas generate much of the region's demand for these               continuously throughout the winter season. The 10.4 acres of
               activities, a major portion of the facilities should be developed         artificial ice skating areas required to meet the expected 1985
               within the coastal zone by the municipalities. But the growing            and 2000 demand should be developed almost entirely by the
               population of the interior of the North Shore Region will require         counties and municipalities.
               municipal and county levels to provide bicycle trails and out-                 For the most part, the North Shore's present and future
               door games and sports facilities to satisfy local needs.                  needs for snow skiing facilities will be satisfied in other regions
                     The region's present camping demand, the major portion              possessing the physiographic conditions suitable for such de-
               of which is generated by tourists seeking reasonable overnight            velopments.

                                                                                                                                                          123
<pb n="132" />

                   SOUTHWEST REGION                                                     season. Public development of game courts, sports fields,
                                                                                        playgrounds and golf facilities and private development of golf
                   The Southwest Region's pattern of development is marked              courses are needed to meet the region's present unmet de-
              by extremes -intense urbanization in the western section along            mand of 11,925 people for outdoor sports opportunities
              the Delaware River and sparse settlement of pine lands in the                 At present, the Southwest Region is faced with a slight un-
              eastern section. Outward growth from the region's urban                   met boating demand of 2,686 people that will grow consider-
              centers is resulting in rapid suburbanization of the zone border-         ably by the year 2000 to over 20,000 people. The State should
              ing the Southwest's densely populated strip. In planning for rec-         satisfy part of the region's boating needs by providing access
              reation facility development in the Southwest Region, consider-           to the Delaware River for car-top and trail-drawn boats and
              ation must be given to the area's emerging development                    to the numerous streams traversing state land in the region's
              pattern. The need for recreation facilities exists in the urban
              areas and to a lesser degree in the growing suburbs.
                   The region's present and future recreation needs, as
              shown in Table 12, are greatest for the home oriented activities
              of bicycling, picnicking and playing outdoor games and sports.
              Because opportunities to participate in these activities are most
              sought close to one's place of residence, the burden of respon-
              sibility for providing facilities to satisfy these needs falls upon

              the local jurisdictions. To satisfy the region's present unmet de-

              mand for bicycling, facilities in the form of bicycle thorough-

              fares and trails must be developed to accommodate 14,082

              people. Over 2,400 picnic tables must be provided to accom-
              modate the region's present unmet picnicking demand of
              12,035 people on an average weekend day during the peak

              SOUTHWEST REGION

              124
<pb n="133" />

                        TABLE 12: SOUTHWEST REGION - PRESENT AND FUTURE DEVELOPED RECREATIONAL FACILITY NEEDS

                                                                            1970                                                         1985                                                        2000

                                                    Demand           Supply         Surplus or Deficit      Demand     Surplus or Deficit         Jurisdictional           Demand      Surplus or Deficit         Jurisdictional
                                                    people  fac I I I ties Ipeople 2 faC I I it jeS 31people4 peoples facllitleS6 people 7        Responsibilitys          people    facllitles9 people 10       Responsibility
                        Swimming                    53,300                109,725                (56,425)   85,000                  (24,396)                               134,800                 25,526    Municipal - 12,538
                                                                                                             +329                                                          + 451                             County - 3,761
                          Permanent Pools                            69                                     85,329                                                         T3-5.251         46               State - 4,167 (110)
                                                                                                                                                                                                             Private - 5.060 (12)
                          Feet of Shoreline                   35,280                                                                                                                    12,763

                          Acres of Beach                             2                                                                                                                      59

                        Boating                     11,000                  8,314                 2,686 18,200                        9,886   Municipal - 989              28t6OO                  10,400    Municipal - 1,040
                                                                                                                                              County - 1,977                                                 County - 2,080
                          Areas                                      16                    90                              330                State - 3,460                                 347              State - 3,640
                                                                                                                                              Private - 3,460                                                Private - 3,640
                          Ramps                                      1                    22                                82                                                              87

                          Berths                                2,555                    895                             3,295                                                            3,467
                          Water Acreage                              49                2,686   1                    1    9,886                                                           10,400
                        Fishing                     9,300                  42,023               (32.723) 12,700                     (29,323)                               18,100                  (23,923)

                          No. of Facilities                          40

                          Water Acres                                37

                          Miles of Shoreline                    1,495

                        Camping                     1,700                   1,968                    268)    2,800                      832   County - 333                   41500                   1,700   County - 680
                                                                                                                                              State - 291                                                    State - 595
                          Family Sites                            492                                                      208                Private - 208                                 425              Private - 425
                        Hiking                      3,100                   9.803                  6,703)    5,900                    3,903)                               10,200                      397   Municipal - 40
                                                                                                                                                                                                             County - 258
                          Miles                                   612.7                                                                                                                     25               State - 99

                        Bicycling                   14,100                      18                14,082     20,300                  20,282   Municipal - 12,170           29,000                    8t718   Municipal - 5,230
                                                                                                                                              County - 4,056                                                 County - 1.744
                          Mi les                                     1                   782                             1,127                State - 4,056                                 484              State - 1,744
                        Horseback Riding            2,700                   2,316                    38@     3,900                    1,584   Municipal - 79                 5,200                   1,300   Municipal - 65
                                                                                                                                              County - 950                                                   County - 780
                          Miles                                   193                     32                               132                State - 238                                   108              State - 195
                                                            1           1         1            1          1         1                         Private - 317                                                  Private - 260
                        lincludes Municipal, County, State, Interstate, Federal and Private facilities.
                        2Total estimated capacity of 1970 facility supply.
                        31ndicates total number of facilities necessary to satiate unmet 1970 demand for each type of facility.
                        4Represents deficit or (surplus) of 1970 supply of facilities in terrns of capacity to meet 1970 demand.
                        sRepresents regional demand and where necessary addition of demand -from other regions or subtraction of regional demand distributed to other regions to determine an adjusted
                          regional demand.
                        61ndicates total number of facilities necessary to satiate unmet 1985 adjusted demand for each type of facility.
                        7Represents deficit or (surplus) of 1970 supply of facilities in terms of capacity to meet 1985 adjusted demand.
                        8Apportioned share of the facility capacity deficit which should be accommodated by the various jurisdictions within the region based upon their responsibilities and capabilities.
                          That portion of a jurisdiction's responsibility which was apportioned from out region demand is shown in brackets. Below the dotted line the demand assigned to other regions is
                          distributed to the receiving regions. (Private sector includes commercial enterprises, quasi-public organizations and private or restricted membership clubs. Reservoirs are
                          non-state, public water supply reservoirs.)
                        91ndicates total number of facilities necessary to satiate unmet demand for each type of taci lity assuming the 1985 deficit has been met.
                      I ORepresents deficit or (surplus) of supply of facilities in terms of capacity to meet 2000 adjusted demand assuming the 1985 supply deficit has been met.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 125
<pb n="134" />

                      TABLE 12: SOUTHWEST REGION (continued)

                                                                      1970                                                        1985                                                           2000

                                              Demand           supply           Surplus or Deficit Demand          Surplus or Deficit          Jurisdictional          Demand      Surplus or Defibit          Jurisdictional
                                              people     facilltlesllpeopIG2  @ficllitleS31peop]10 peoples facIIItIes6 people7                 ResponsibilityB           people   facl I Itles 9 people 10      Responsibility
                      Nature Interpretive        8,100   These facilities should be developed            11,500                                                          16,400
                      Facilities                         where ecologically significant condi-
                      (includes trails, dis-             tions exist.
                      plays and centers)

                      Hunting                    3,600                13,168                   9,568)    4,600                    7,747)                                  5,400                     6,825)
                                                                                                         +821                                                             +943
                       Acres                               6s,a38                                        5.421                                                            6,343

                      Picnicking              21,400                    9,365                12,035      31,500                  22,135      Municipal - 5,534           46,200                   14,700 Municipal-6,615
                                                                                                                                             County - 11,067                                                County - 7,350
                       Acres                                  195                   301                                 553                  State - 5,534                              368                 State - 735

                       Tables                                 313                  2,407                             4,427                                                           2  ,940

                      Ice Skating -Natural 26,900                     945.701              (918,801) 45,100                    (900,601)                                 71,600                  (874.101)

                       No. of Sites                            17

                       Acres                                 1,287

                      Ice Skating-Artif icial 8,700                                            8,700 14,600                      14,600      Municipal - 2,920           23.200                    8,600 Municipal-1,720
                                                                                                                                             County - 10,220                                                County - 6,020
                       Acres                                                            6                                 10                 Pr i vate - 1,460                              5.9             Private - 860

                      Snow Ski ing                                      3,500                  2,600)    1.500                     1,100)                                 2,600
                                                                                                         +900                                                             +900
                       Acres                       900        117                                        2,400                                                            3,500

                      Outdoor Games &amp;
                      Sports                  97,100                  25,175                 11,925 60,200                       35,025      Mun I c 1 pa I - 24,518     91,800                    31,600   Municipal -22.120
                                                                                                                                             County-5,253                                                   County-4,740
                       Playgrounds                            190                   239                                 701                  State - 1,751                              632                 State - 1,580
                                                                                                                                             Pr ivate -3,503                                                Private -3,160
                       Open Playfields                        455                   596                              1,751                                                           1,580

                       Game Courts                            480                  1,193                             3,503                                                           3,160
                       Golf - 18 holes                         17                   159                                 467                                                             421

                       Golf - 9 holes                            6                  298                                 876                                                             790

                       Golf - Par 3                            13                   596                              1,751                                                           1.580

                      lincludes Municipal. County,       State, Interstate, Federal and Private facilities.
                      2Total estimated capacity of       1970 facility supply.
                      31ndicates total number of facilities necessaryto satiate unmet 1970demand for each type of facility.
                      4Represents deficit or (surplus) of 1970 supply of facilities in terms of capacity to meet 1970 demand.
                      SRepresents regional demand and where necessary addition of demand from other regions or subtraction of regional demand distributed to other regions to determine an adjusted
                      regional demand.
                      61ndicates total number of facilities necessary to satiate unmet 1985 adjusted demand for each type of facility.
                      7Represents deficit or (surplus) of 1970 supply of facilities in terms of capacity to meet 1985 adjusted demand.
                      8Apportioned shareof the facility capacity deficit which should be accommodated by the various jurisdictions within the region based upon their responsibilites and capabilities.
                      That portion of a jurisdiction's responsibility which as apportioned from out region demand is shown in brackets. Below the dotted line the demand assigned to other regions is
                      distributed to the receiving regions. (Private sector includes commercial enterprises, quasi-public organizations and private or restricted membership clubs.)
                      91ndicates total number of facilities necessary to satiate unmet demand for each type of facility assuming the 1986 deficit has been met.
                      I ORepresents deficit or (surplus) of supply of facilities in terms of capacity to meet 2000 adjusted demand assuming the 1985 supply deficit has been met.

                      126
<pb n="135" />

                Pine Barrens. The remainder of the region's boating needs are                The Southwest Region, like the other planning regions,
                related to the local demand for facilities, particularly in urban       shows a need for artificial ice skating facilities. To meet the
                areas along the Delaware River. The private sector can be               region's present unmet demand of 8,700 people, 6 acres of
                expected to continue its role as the region's major supplier of         artificial ice skating facilities must be developed. By the
                boating accommodations but municipalities and counties                  turn of the century, 10 more acres of artificial ice skating sur-
                should develop facilities for general public use to take full           face will be required to meet the expected increase in ice skat-
                advantage of the region's boating potential.                            ing demand. Local levels of government should develop the
                     The Southwest's existing supply of swimming facilities             majority of the region's future artificial ice skating areas since
                appears sufficient to accommodate the region's present de-              ice skating opportunities are most often sought close to home.
                mand. But by the year 2000, the region's existing swimming fa-               Extensive tracts of state owned pine lands in the South-
                cilities will be unable to accommodate 25,526 people who                west Region provide sufficient opportunities to satisfy the re-
                desire swimming opportunities within the region on an average           gion's present and future hunting demands and offer develop-
                weekend day during the peak season. Much of the region's                ment potential to satisfy much of the region's future hiking,
                future swimming needs will occur in urban centers and there-            horseback riding, and camping needs. To meet local demands
                fore the majority of the Southwest's future swimming facilities,        for hiking and horseback riding, local jurisdictions, especially
                primarily in the form of pools, should    be developed by local         the counties, should develop suitable facilities. Counties and,
                jurisdictions to complement the high      proportion of privately       the private sector are expected to supplement state provided
                provided pools.                                                         camping facilities in the region.

                                                                                             SOUTH SHORE REGION
                                                                                             The South Shore's advantageous combination of abundant
                                 W                                                      natural recreation resources and accessibility to population
                                                                                        centers in New Jersey and neighboring states has made it one
                                                                                        of the most popular tourist areas in the State. As a result of the
                                                                                        sizable away demand generated by tourists for the South
                                             6                                          Shore's renowned recreation opportunities, there is a need for
                                                                                        developed recreation facilities for most activities.
                                                                                             Proper planning is needed to guide the increasing devel-
                                                             r        'W         11     opment accompanying the South Shore's growing summer and
                                                                                        year-round population into a pattern compatible with the re-
                                                                                        gion's natural features. The threat posed by residential devel-
                                                                                        opment is most critical along the region's coastline where the
                                                                                        wetlands, which serve as feeding and breeding grounds for a
                                                                                        wide array of fish and wildlife, face reduction and degradation
                                                                                        resulting from expansion of resort communities. To counter
                                                                                        impending disruption of this valuable natural asset, the State
                                                                                        Legislature passed the "Wetlands Act of 1970" giving the De-
                                                                                        partment of Environmental Protection power to regulate future
                                                                                        development of lands defined as "wetland.

                                                                                                                                                       127
<pb n="136" />

                                                                                                            SOUTH SHORE REGION

                                _T                                            8 A I

                                              999                                         The South Shore contains more public recreation land than
                                                                                     any other region in the State. Most of the public recreation land
                                                                        CIT LANTIC   under federal and state jurisdiction is administered for conser-
                                                                                     vation and wildlife management purposes, and, therefore, the
                                                                                     demand for hunting is fully satisfied by the availability of these
                                                                                     areas. The interior public pinelands holdings, which comprise
                                  th-
                                            4
                                                                                     the majority of the region's public recreation land, offer nearly
                                                                                     unlimited potential for backwoods oriented activities such as
                            -.1. _P?                                                 hiking, horseback riding, and camping.
                                                                                          At present, as shown in Table 13, the South Shore's most
                                                                                     pressing need is for picnicking facilities to accommodate the
                                                                                     region's unmet demand of 65,995 people on an average week-
                                                  ci@                                end day during the peak season. This unmet picnicking demand
                                                                                     will grow to 110,947 people by the year 2000. To satisfy present
                                                                    T                needs, 13,199 picnic tables must be provided. Since much of
                                                                                     the region's demand is generated by tourists seeking opportuni
                                                                                     ties in accompaniment with other recreation activities such as
                                                                                     swimming and fishing, there is a need for supplementary picnic
                                                              T1.
                                                            -E.                      tables at public areas especially ocean bathing beaches. Also
                                                            Cu                       sorely needed is an increase in wayside picnic areas along ma-
                                     W-d                                             jor transportation routes. This type of development is primarily
                                                                                     a state responsibility.
                                                                                          Besides the region's severe need for picnicking facilities,
                                                                                     there is also a critical shortage of outdoor games and sports

             128
<pb n="137" />

                       TABLE 13: SOUTH SHORE REGION -PRESENT AND FUTURE DEVELOPED RECREATIONAL FACILITY NEEDS

                                                                        1970                                                          1985                                                         2000

                                                 Demand           supply           Surplus or Deficit Demand Surplus or Deficit                  Jurisdictional           Demand     Surplus or Deficit        Jurisdictional
                                                 people    facilitiesl people2 facIIItIeS3     people4 peoples facIIItIeS6 p9opI87               ResponsibilityO          people    facIIItIes9   peoplelo      Responsibility

                       Swimming                  225,10G                 598,890               (373,790) 305,900                 (290.348)                                422.200                 (170,'619)
                                                                                                          - ±2.M2
                         Permanent Pools                          11                                      -309,542

                         Feet of Shoreline                   295,740

                         Acres of Beach                              3
                       Boating                    46,000                  39,997                  6,003     61,700                 30,168 Municipal-5,425                 88,300                   33.710 Municipal-6,650
                                                                                                            +8,465                           County - 2, T70              +15575                            County - 2,66 0
                         Areas                                    10                    200                 70,165       1,006               State -7,728 (3386)          103,875        1,124              State -8,164 (2844)
                                                                                                                                             Private - 14,845 (5079)                                        Private - 16.236 (4266)
                         Ramps                                    36                      so                               251                                                             281

                         Berths                                10,059                 2,001                             10,066                                                          11,237
                         Water Acreage                          5,200                 6,0103                           30,168    1                                                     33,710
                       Fishing                    71,700                 131,389                 59,689) 84,200                     47,189)                               109,300                  22,089)

                         No. of Facilities                        51

                         Water Acres                            5,636

                         Miles of Shoreline                       168

                       Camping                    24,600                  22,044                  2,556 39,900                       17,850  County - 1,786               64,000                   24,100   County - 2.410
                                                                                                                                             State - 3,571                                                  State-4,820
                         Family Sites                           5,511                   639                              4,464               Private - 12,499                            6,025              Private - 16.870
                       Hiking                       7.300                   4,414                 2,886 11,500                        7,086  Municipal - 1,417            16,200                     4,700  Municipal - 940
                                                                                                                                             County - 2,480                                                 County - 1,645
                         Miles                                    276                    180                               443               State - 3,1189                                294              State - 2,115

                       Bicycling                  24,300                      504                23,796 28,900                      28,396   Mun Icl pat - 17,037         34,600                     5,700  Mun ic 1 pa I - 3,420
                                                                                                                                             County - 8,519                                                 County - 1,710
                         Miles                                    28                  1,322                              1,578               State - 2,840                                 317              State - 570

                       Horseback Riding             3,000                   2,586                   414      4,000                    1,414  Municipal -71                  4,800                      800, Municipal -40
                                                                                                                                             County -212                                                    County - 120
                         Miles                                 2,155                      35                               118               State - 283                                    67              State - 160
                                                          1            1         1             1         1          1            1          1Private - 848                                                  Private -480
                       lincludes Municipal, County,      State, Interstate, Federal and      Private facilities.
                       2Total estimated capacity of      1970 facility supply.
                       31ndicates total number of facilities necessary to satiate unmet 1970demand for each type of facility.
                       4Represents deficit or (surplus) of 1970 supply of facilities in terms of capacity to meet 1970 demand.
                       513epresents regional demand and where necessary addition of demand from other regions or subtraction of regional demand distributed to other regions todetermine an adjusted
                         regional demand.
                       61
                         ndicates total number of facilities necessary to satiate unmet 1985 adjusted demand for each type of facility.
                       7Represents deficit or (surplus) of 1970 supply of facilities in terms of capacity to meet 1985 adjusted demand.
                       8Apportioned share of the facility capacity deficit which should be accommodated by the various jurisdictions within the region based upon their responsibilities and capabilities.
                         That portion of a jurisdiction's responsibility which was apportioned from out region demand is shown in brackets. Below the dotted line the demand assigned to other regions is
                         distributed to the receiving regions. (Private sector includes commercial enterprises, quasi-public organizations and private or restricted membership clubs. Reservoirs are
                         non-state, public water supply reservoirs.)
                       91ndicates total number of facilities necessary to satiate unmet demand for each type of facility assuming the 1985 deficit has been met.
                      I ORepresents deficit or (surplus) of supply of facilities in terms of capacity to meet 2000 adjusted demand assuming the 1985 supply deficit has been met.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 129
<pb n="138" />

                   TABLE 13: SOUTH SHORE REGION (continued)

                                                                  1970                                                     1985                                                      2000
                                           Demand          S@pply         Surplus or Deficit     Demand    Surplus or Deficit        Jurisdictional         Demand      Surplus or Deficit        Jurisdictional
                                                                                                                                                                                9         10
                                           people facilit DslpeopI92 facilities3lpeople4 people5 facilitles6 people7                 Responslbillty8        People    facilities people           Responsibility
                   Nature Interpretive     31,600    These facilities should be developed         36,900                                                    46,900
                    Facilities@                     where ecologically significant condi-
                   (includes trails, dis-           tions exist.
                   plays and centers)               I   I                            I                    I                      I                                                          I
                   Hunting                 16.300                24,281                  7,981)   15,900                 6,626)                             18.700                  3,662)
                                                                                                  +1 755                                                    +1,919
                    Acres                              121,404                                                                                              20,619
                   Picnicking              74.300                 8,305                65,995     89,900               82,361 Municipal - 16,319            118,000                28,586 Municipal - 5,620
                                                                                                  + 766                          County - 28,588            + 1,252                          County - 9,835
                    Acres                                  112             1,650                  90,666    2.059                State - 37,454 (766)       119,252        715               State - 13,131 (486)
                    Tables                          1      765           113.199                           16,472                                                        5,717
                   Ice Skating - Natural 41,200                 102,679                (61,479)   56,400               (46,279)                             71,500                (31,179)

                    No. of Sites                              7

                    Acres                                  135

                   Ice Skating- Artificial 13,300                                      13,300     18,300                18,300   Municipal - 3.660          23,200                  4,900    Municipal - 980
                                                                                                                                 County - 12,810                                             County - 3.430
                    Acres                                                       9.2                             12.6             Private - 1,830                             3.4             Private - 490

                   Snow Ski ing            10,000                                      10,000     15,000                         Other Regions -15.000      24,000                           Other Regions - 9,000
                                                                                                 -15,000                         NW-12,342;NC-2,178; -24,000                                 NW - 8,058; NC - 942
                    Acres                                                      333                                               SW - 480                        __T

                   Outd oor Games &amp;        74,800                10,580                64,220     96,500                85,920   Municipal - 60.144         128,600                 32,100   Municipal - 22,470
                   Sports                                                                                                        County - 12,888                                             County - 4,815
                    Playgrounds                              91             1,284                            1,718               State - 4,296                             642               State - 1,605
                    Open Playfields                        148              3,211                            4,296               Private - 8,592                         1,605               Private - 3,210

                    Game Courts                            215              6,422                            8,592                                                       3,210

                    Golf - 18 holes                           8                856                           1,146                                                         428

                    Golf - 9 holes                            5             1,606                            2,148                                                         803
                    Golf - Par 3                              6             3,211                            4,296                                                       1,605

                   lIncludes Municipal, County, State. Interslate, Federal and Private facilities.
                   2Total estimated capacity of 1970 facility supply.
                   31ndicates total number of facilities necessary to satiate unmet 1970 demand for each type of facility.
                   4Represents def  icit or (surplus) of 1970 supply of facilities in terms of capacity to meet 1970 demand-
                   5Represents regional demand and where necessary addition of demand from other regions or subtraction of regional demand distributed to other regions todetermine an adjusted
                    regional demand.
                   61ndicates total number of facilities necessary to satiate unmet 1985 adjusted demand for each type of facility.
                   7Represents deficit or (surplus) of 1970 supply of facilities in terms of capacity to meet 1985 adjusted demand.
                   BApportioned share of the facility capacity deficit which should be accommodated by the various jurisdictions within the region based upon their responsibilities and capabilities.
                    That portion of a jurisdiction's responsibility which was apportioned from out region demand is shown in brackets. Below the dotted line the demand assigned to other regions is
                    distributed to the receiving regions. (Private sector includes commercial enterprises, quasi-public organizations and private or restricted membership clubs. Reservoirs are
                    non-state, public water supply reservoirs.)
                   91ndicates total number of facilities necessary to satiate unmet demand for each type of facility assuming the 1985 deficit has been met.
                   I ORepresents deficit or (surplus) of supply of facilities in terms of capacity to meet 2000 adjusted demand assuming the 1985 supply deficit has been met.
                   130
<pb n="139" />

                facilities -present unmet demands for these activities amount              be developed to accommodate 41,956 people by the year 2000.
                to 64,220 people. This need will become even more acute in the             The private sector, already the region's primary supplier of
                future as the region's existing facilities will be unable to               camping facilities, is expected to develop the majority of the
                accommodate 118,020 people who will seek outdoor games                     South Shore's future campsites to accommodate tourists seek-
                and sports opportunities on an average weekend day during the              ing reasonable lodging within convenient travel distance of
                peak season in the year 2000. The municipal level should devel-            resort areas. The State, and to a lesser degree the counties,
                op the majority of the region's outdoor dames and sports facil-            should assume responsibility for providing camping facilities
                ities to accommodate local demand generated by a large sum-                to meet camping demands generated by sportsmen attracted to
                mer residential population and day use visitors. Private capital           the region by hunting and fishing opportunities and those
                can be expected to develop new golf courses if land prices and             persons who desire backwoods camping experiences.
                property taxes remain relatively low.                                           A critical need exists in the South Shore Region for devel-
                                                                                           oped bicycling facilities because present bicycling demand
                                                                                           exceeds supply by 23,796 people and, by the year.2000,
                                                                                           bicycling needs will reach 34,096 people. To meet the region's
                                                      iz -g.                               present needs over 1,300 miles of bicycle trails and thorough-
                                                      T--
                                                                                           fares must be provided by all levels of government. To serve
                                                                i 44
                                                                         r 7 1
                                                                                           the region's large summer population, municipalities, especially
                                                              'lit
                                                                                           the resort communities, should provide bicycle thoroughfares
                                                          W I                              which allow for safe passage of bicycle traffic. Consideration
                          r0c,'-,
                           xr- r                                                           should be given by the state and county levels to providing
                                     Ila 71TIMIM,
                                                                                           bicycle trails along sufficiently wide highway rights-of-way.
                                       @W
                                                                                                A substantial portion of the South Shore's present and fu-
                                                                                           ture needs for hiking and horseback riding can Jbe satisfied by
                                                                                           utilizing the vast potential of state recreation lands for providing
                                                                                           these facilities. The private sector is likely to develop the major-
                                                                                           ity of the South Shore's future equestrian trails in response to a
                                                                                           growing demand and a profitable market. At the local levels,
                                                                                           hiking and horseback riding trails should be developed to sup-
                Atlantic City                           j                                  plement state provided facilities to satisfy these demands.
                                                                                                The South Shore Region has an abundant supply of natural
                     Despite the numerous bays and         inlets and the vast    ex-      ice skating areas, but, like the other regions, there is a need for
                panse of ocean,   boating facilities in this region are insufficient       artificial areas to provide ice skating opportunities continously
                to accommodate the boating demand. All levels of government                throughout the winter season. At present, 9.2 acres of artificial
                and the private sector must develop additional boating facilities          ice skating surface must be developed to satisfy the region's
                or be faced with an unmet demand of 63,878 people by the turn              unmet demand of 13,300 people. Local levels of government
                of the century.                                                            are primarily responsible for providing facilities for this home
                     Although over half of New Jersey's campsites are         located      oriented activity. Because the South Shore Region lacks suit-
                in the South Shore Region, there is a present regional unmet               able physiographic and climatic conditions for snow skiing de-
                camping demand of 2,556 people. To meet the rapidly increas-               velopment, the region's snow skiing demand will have to be
                ing demand for camping opportunities, 10,489 campsites must                satisfied in other regions.

                                                                                                                                                             131
<pb n="140" />

                   DELAWARE BAY REGION
                                                                                                                                                @x

                   The Delaware Bay's rural nature coupled with its present                                                                         E'@
                                                                                                                                                       HU@
              remoteness from large population centers account for the re-                                                                          W@E@X
              gion's comparatively low level of demand for recreation oppor-
              tunities. The region's nearly unlimited recreation potential,
                                                                                                                                                     E
              especially for water-oriented activities along its southern
              boundary fronting the Delaware Bay, has been barely tapped.
              However, recreation development of the region's abundant
              natural resources can be expected in the future because the
              facilities of the shore regions will eventually be unable to                                                   upp@
              accommodate all of the recreation demand generated by New
                                                                                        Nwk
              Jersey's growing population and increasing out-of-state
              tourism.
                                                                                                            A       _'L      E "17"'
                   Coastal areas, consisting of marsh lands and wetlands,
              represent irreplaceable, valuable assets which serve as nest-                                     All-y
              ing, feeding and migrating places for waterfowl and a source of
              nutrient supplies for marine life. As a result, they offer abun-
              dant hunting and fishing opportunities. The State's diminishing                                                 br.4
              fish and wildlife resources, threatened by water pollution and                                                                          nd
                                                                                            L
              urban development of former wildlife habitats, should be pro-           -a,                            u
                                                                                                                      -P.
              tected through planning, zoning, pollution control and public
              land acquisition.
                   Present and future needs for developed recreation facili-
                                                                                                                                                     lie
              ties are greatest for the activities of outdoor games and sports
              and picnicking. (Refer to Table 14.) At present, existing facil-                              'h@               F.ifi.ld -p.-                     _P!
                                                                                                        G-..-.' h
              ities are unable to accommodate the 5,180 people who desire
              outdoor games and sports opportunities on an average week-
              end day during the peak season, while existing picnicking facil-
              ities are insufficient to accommodate the demand of 5,135                                                                        _P:
                                                                                                                                   D   _P
              people. By the turn of the century, the region's unmet demands
                                                                                                           4-
              will be 15 080 people for playing outdoor games and sports and
              10,435 pl@ople for picnicking. Since these activities are pri-
              marily home oriented, the majority of the responsibility for de-
                                                                                       DELA             RE
              veloping suitable facilities rests with the local levels of govern-
              ment. The State should supplement the locally provided                   RA Y
              picnicking facilities to accommodate the tourist generated de-           REGION
              mand for picnicking.                                                                                     40
                                                                                                                        00
                   Like the other study regions, the Delaware Bay shows a                                                1@
                                                                                                                            o
              need for designated bicycle trails. The region's present unmet

              132
<pb n="141" />

                          TABLE 14: DELAWARE BAY REGION - PRESENT AND FUTURE DEVELOPED RECREATIONAL FACILITY NEEDS

                                                                             1970                                                        1985                                                          2000

                                                   Demand            Supply           Surplus or Deficit Demand          Surplus or Deficit          Jurisdictional           Demand    Surplus or Deficit           Jurisdictional
                                                     people   facII1tIesI1peopIe2 facIIItIes3 people4 people5 facIIItIeS6            people7         ResponsIbIIIty8          people     facilities9i people 10      Responsibility

                          Swimming                   19,000                60,557                 (41,557) 27.100                       3,345)                                39,200                 (21.357)

                          Permanent Pools                            27

                          Feet of Shoreline                      21,916

                          Acres of Beach                               4
                          Boating                    3,900                   6,373                   2,473)     5,700                    673)                                 8,200                    2,500     Municipal -250
                                                                                                                                                                                                                 County -250
                          Areas                                        3                                                                                                                     83                  State -750
                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Private -1,250
                          Ramps                                      11                                                                                                                      21

                          Benches                                 1,315

                          Water Acreage                           1,018
                          Fishing                    4,600                 28,219                  (23,619)     5,700                 (22,519)                                7,600                  (20,619)

                          No. of Facilities                          18

                          Water Acres                             1,251

                          Miles of Shore I ine                       32.4
                          Camping                    1,300                   1,788                     488)     2,200                    412      County - 82                 3,500                    1,300     County-260
                                                                                                                                                  State - 124                                                    State -390
                          Family Sites                              447                                                     103                   Private-206                               325                  Private - 650
                          Hiking                        900                    544                     356      1,500                    956      Municipal - 191             2.300                       800    Municipal - 160
                                                                                                                                                  County - 191                                                   County - 160
                          Miles                                      34                   22                                  60                  State - 574                                50                  State - 480
                          Bicycling                  3,500                      18                   3,482      4,600                   4,582     Municipal -2,750            51900                    1,300     Municipal -780
                                                                                                                                                  County - 916                                                   County - 260
                          Mi les                                       1                193                                  255                  State - 916                                72                  State -260
                          Horseback Riding           700                       180                     520         800                   620      Municipal -62               1,000                       200    Municipal -20
                                                                               -                                                                  County - 62                                                    County - 20
                          Mi les                                     15                   43                                  52                  State - 248                                17                  State - 80
                                                             1             1        1                       1          1            1             Private-248                                                    Pr 1 vate - 80

                          Includes Municipal, County, State, Interstate. Federal          and  Private facilities.
                          2Total estimated capacity of 1970 facility supply.
                          31ndicates total number of facilities necessary to satiate unmet 1970 demand for each type of facility.
                          4Represents deficit or (surplus) of 1970 supply of faci I ities in terms of capacity to meet 1970 demand.
                          5Represents regional demand and where necessary addition of demand from other regions or subtraction of regional demand distributed to other regions to determine an adjusted
                          regional demand.
                          61ndicates total number of facilities necessary to satiate unmet 1985 adjusted demand for each type of facility.
                          7Represents deficit or (surplus) of 1970 supply of facilities in terms of capacity to meet 1985 adjusted demand.
                          8Apportioned share of the facili   ty capacity deficit which should be accommodated           by the various jurisdictions within the region based upon their responsibilities and capabilities.
                          That Portion of a jurisdiction's responsibility which was apportioned from out region demand is shown in brackets. Below the dotted line the demand assigned to other regions is
                          distributed to the receiving regions. (Private sector includes commercial enterprises, quasi-public organizations and private or restricted membershipciubs. Reservoirs are
                          non-state, public water supply reservoirs.)
                          9indicates total number of facilities necessary to satiate unmet demand for each type of facility assuming the 1985 deficit has been met.
                       I ORepresents deficit or (surplus) of supply of facilities in terms of capacity to meet 2000 adjusted demand assuming the 1985 supply deficit has been met.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   133
<pb n="142" />

                      TABLE 14: DELAWARE BAY REGION (continued)

                                                                        1970                                                         1985                                                          2000
                                               Demand          Supply           Surplus or Deficit Demand          Surplus or Deficit           Jurisdictional          Demand      Surplus or Deficit          Jurisdictional
                                               people    facilities 11 people2 ifacilitieslpeople4 people5 facllitles6 people7                 Responsibi I Ity         people     fac I I It les; 91  peoplelo Responsibility
                      Nature Interpretive      2,700     These facilities should be developed             3,500                                                         4,600
                      Facilities                         where ecologically significant condi-
                      (includes trails, dis-             tions exist.
                      plays and centers)                                      I                                                            I
                      Hunting                  1,300                  9,611                  (8,311)      1,400                  (8,211)                                1,700                      7,911)
                      Acres                                48,055                                                1                                                                                          1
                      Picnicking               6,900                  1,765                   5,135       9,000                   7,235    Municipal - 2,170            12,200                     3,200    Municipal - 960
                                                                                                                                           County - 2.170                                                   County - 960
                      Acres                                                          128                               181                 State - 2,895                                  80                State - 1.280

                      Tables                                  353                 1,027                               1,447                                                             640

                      Ice Skating-Natural      7,600                 1,150,415             (1,142415) 11,300                   (1,131,515)                              16,200                  (1,134,215)

                      No. of Sites                                5

                      Acres                                  1,580
                      Ice Skating -Artificial 2,100                                            2.100      3,200                   3,200    Municipal - 640              4,600                      1,400    Municipal - 280
                      Acres                                                                                                                County - 2,240                                                   County - 980
                                                                                       1.4                               2.2               Private- 320                                                     Private - 140
                      Snow Skiing                  600                                           600         900                           Other Regions - goo          1,400                               Other Regions - 500
                                                                                                          -900                             NW-432; NC-48;               -1.400                              NW-478; NC-22
                                                                                      20
                      Acres                                                                                     0                          SW-420                             0
                      Outdoor Games &amp;          9,800                  4,620                    6,180     14,100                   9,480    Municipal - 6.636            19,700                     5,600    Municipal - 3,920
                      Sports                                                                                                               County - 1,422                                                   County - 840
                      Playgrounds                              38                    104                               190                 State - 474                                  112                 State - 280
                                                                                                                                           Private - 948                                                    Private - 560
                      Open Playfields                          85                    259                               474                                                              280

                      Game Courts                              77                    518                               948                                                              560

                      Golf - 18 holes                             2                    69                              126                                                                75

                      Golf - 9 holes                              2                  130                               237                                                              140

                      Golf - Par 3                                1                  259                               474                                                              280

                      I Includes Municipal, County.    State. Interstate, Federal and Private facilities.
                      2TotaI estimated capacity of     1970 faci I ity supply.
                      31ndicates total number of facilities necessary to satiate unmet 1970 demand for each type of facility.
                      4Represents deficit or (surplus) of 1970 supply of facilities in terms of capacity to meet 1970 demand.
                      5Represents regional demand and where necessary addition of demand from other regions or subtraction of regional demand distributed to other regions to determine an adjusted
                      regional demand.
                      61ndicates total number of facilities necessary to satiate unmet 1985 adjusted demand for each type of facility.
                      7Represents deficit or (surplus) of 1970 supply of facilities in terms of capacity to meet 1985 adjusted demand.
                      BApportioned shareof the facility capacity deficit which should be..accommodated by the various jurisdictions within the region based upon their responsibilites and capabilities.
                      That portion of a jurisdiction's responsibility whichas apportioned from out region demand is shown in brackets. Below the dotted line the demand assigned to other regions is
                      distributed to the receiving regions. (Private sector includes commercial enterprises, quasi-public organizations and private or restricted membership clubs.)
                      91ndicates total number of facilities necessary to satiate unmet demand for each type of facility assuming the 1985 deficit has been met.
                      IORepresents deficit or (surplus) of supply of facilities in terms of capacity to meet 2000 adjusted demand assuming the 1985 supply deficit has been met.

                      134
<pb n="143" />

               bicycling demand of 3,482 people will reach 5,882 by the year             trailer-drawn boats to take advantage of the region's copious
               2000 and require development of 327 miles of designated trails.           supply of water resources.
               To satisfy local demand, municipalities should provide bicycle                 Since the Delaware Bay Region lacks the physiographic
               thoroughfares within their residential street systems to allow for        and climatic conditions necessary for snow skiing development,
               the safe passage of bicycle traffic. At county and state levels,          the region's present and future snow skiing needs will be met
               highway rights-of-way should be examined for potential bicycle            outside of the region. Climatic conditions also reduce the ice
               trail development.                                                        skating potential of the region's plentiful supply of natural water
                    Existing camping facilities in the Delaware Bay Region are           areas, and therefore, the Delaware Bay needs 1.4 acres of arti-
               sufficient to handle present demand. But by the turn of the               ficial ice skating surface to satisfy the region's present unmet
               century, the region will require development of 428 additional            ice skating demand of 2,100 people. Without future develop-
               campsites to accommodate the anticipated increase in demand               ment of artificial ice skating areas, the region faces a need
               for camping opportunities. Since camping often accompanies                amounting to 4,600 people by the year 2000. Responsibility for
               the region's major recreational attractions of fishing and hunt-          providing artificial ice skating areas should be assumed by local
               ing, a substantial portion of the new campsites should be de-             levels of government because ice skating is primarily a home
               veloped close to facilities providing these activities; and since         oriented activity.
               the State provides nearly all of the region's hunting oppor-
               tunities and a large share of its fishing facilities, it should play
               a significant role in providing future camping facilities. Because
               camping facilities can be profitable, the private sector, which
                                                                                                                 Zme
               already supplies most of the region's family campsites, is
               expected to develop approximately half of the Delaware Bay's
               future camping facilities.
                    To satisfy present and future demands for hiking opportun-
               ities, 110 miles of hiking trails should be developed in the
               Delaware Bay Region by municipal, county and state levels by
               the year 2000. The region's horseback riding demand will re-
               quire provision of 69 miles of bridle trails by the turn of the
               century. State and private development is expected to accom-
               modate most of the region's horseback. riding facility needs
                    The numerous rivers, inlets, and coves of this region offer
               excellent boating opportunities. Existing boatin.9 facilities, wh
               adequate to handle present demand, will require additional
               boating accommodations by the year 2000 to satisfy an an-
               ticipated unmet demand of 2,500 people. The private sector and                 A slight  need exists in the region's few urban areas for
               the State, major suppliers of the region's boating accommoda-             swimming facilities in the form of permanent pools despite the
               tions, are likely to develop most of the Delaware Bay's future            Delaware Bay's apparently adequate swimming supply. The
               boating facilities. Private sector development will probably con-         responsibility for satisfying this need falls upon local levels of
               sist of boat berths, while the State is expected to provide               government; the private sector presently provides the region's
               access points and launching ramps for car-top boats and                   total supply of pools.

                                                                                                                                                          135
<pb n="144" />

                                                URBAN NEEDS STUDV

                    The essence of recreation is choice. This choice in an                man's current drives as an irretrievable asset for the future.
               urban environment is limited since urban recreation has always             The basic question is how to provide greater choice in terms of
               been one of the unwanted children of city budgets. It is treated           urban recreation. The pressing question is "What kinds of
               haphazardly as far as allocations, and then turned over to ar-             choices are more important?"
               chaic administration facilities.                                                In urban recreation the term "leisure activity" is insuf-
                    Urban recreation is what people who live in a city decide             ficient; urban recreation must serve social and educational
               to do when given the opportunity to decide what to do; it is the           ends with the city providing the means which the people cannot
               manifestation of natural drives in an essentially man-made                 give themselves. Physically the only open space is the city's.
               environment. The character of urban recreation that is evolving            And yet, since the city is people, this open space must seFve
               must be catered to, not altered to match the green dreams of               the people. Parks, lots, and curbs must function as backyards
               Westchester and the Wild West. Recreation planning for cities              and lawns. Financially, the city must offer the facilities that the
               demands the unconventional. Planning for urban recreation                  individual cannot afford. Mobility-wise, the city must help car-
               must concentrate primarily on man-the-partici pant since Man-              less people see and be in new places. The city must now care
               in-Nature, man-the-oc cu pant, is an anachronism; both the sites           about the residents, having overlooked them for years of in-
               and programs must be as tailored as they are surprising. Build-            dustrial and commercial concern. Most recreational depart-
               ings and cars must be acknowledged as the landscape of the                 ments will not be supplementing, but merely            beginning to
               city which, unlike distant greenlands, hold no priority over               provide.

                                                                                                                       44*

               136
<pb n="145" />

                                                                                                      What else do little kids and teenagers, adults and old peo
                                                                                                pie who live in the city do when they can decide what to do that
                                                                                                      esult of what a city innately offers, despite any municipal
                                                                                                is a  r
                                                                                                agency? Walking on sidewalks, on bridges, on rooftops, hang-
                                                                                                ing out, ganging up, going to sports events, to movies, to par-
                                                                                                ties, playing basketball, stick ball, wall ball, ball, cards and
                                                                                                checkers, horses and numbers, riding bikes, shooting pool,
                                                                                                dancing, visiting, laughing, drinking, smoking, watching t.v.,
                                                                                                watching out, watching.
                                                                                                      As it stands, then, urban recreation is social because as
                                                           T
                                                                                                neighbors, fans, voices, and ears, city people come together.
                                                                                                The more convenient the meeting, the more natural and, there-
                                                                                                by, the more successful. in Puerto Rican neighborhoods, the
                                                                                                bodegas, the local grocery stores, are the centers of all activity
                                                                                                and information, the grocer acting as a virtual social director
                                                                                                and real estate agent.

                      For  the  most part, inner city statistics show that a lot of
                 people with   not a lot of money have a lot of children and not
                 a lot of nice  places to go. The people who now live in the city
                 are, for the very large majority, the people who cannot move
                 out of the city. Those people who do not reside in the city can
                 and do   return there for recreation: theatre, shopping, restau-
                 rants, museums. Yet, the recreational values of the urbanite
                 and exurbanite can and do differ.
                      Opportunity, hence choice,      is a matter of the quantity and
                 convenience of facilities provided, as well as a personal budget
                 of energy, time, and money. The constraints on all five are
                 tightest for the inner city resident. The result in spare time for
                 adults is staying, not going, sitting, not doing. Money, time,
                 energy, convenience, quantity-the local bar is a number one
                 recreation spot for the city's son, and the closer, cheaper, drier
                 equivalent is the front steps, which is just as popular. For the
                 youths the same five are important, but in a different fashion.
                 Instead of running out of time and energy, they have more than
                 the city can absorb. Thus, they use their time on fire escape
                 swings, bus fender rides, and exploration in demolition sites.                       Urban recreation is educational; a      city kid  learns  most of
                 The only open area for anyone is the street and so it becomes                  anything he learns in the streets. It is this street experience that
                 a place instead of a space, a multiple purpose and very popular                progressives are demanding substitute for college boards and
                 place.                                                                         high school grades in consideration for college entrance.

                                                                                                                                                                     137
<pb n="146" />

                   Urban recreation, with less chance for release and relief,       URBAN NEEDS STUDY
              is becoming a pastime of destruction and frustration for young
              and old alike. Karl Menninger explains that cities afford disas-
              trously little opportunity for violent play, a combattant to the         153 URBAN
                                                                                        MUNICIPALITIES
              will of destruction.                                                                             'x,        y
                   To enhance the social and educational aspects of urban
              recreation, both its physical and social sides should be empha-
              sized. While the physical aspects stress the design, construc-
              tion, and interrelationship among facilities, the social aspect
              should concern itself with creating the desired interrelation-
              ships among people. We should move from the corrective
              approach which aims to repair existing problems on a piece-
              meal basis by treating symptoms, and emphasize the creative
              approach by which change functioning at the causal level can
              be selected and monitored so as to achieve the highest level               NORTHAM  NORTH CENTRAL
              of opportunity and choice.
                   Parks, by definition, are an alternative to both cement and                        NORTHEAST
              human density; cities, by definition, are a maximum of the
              ,two. Cities require, not to mention deserve, a greater quantity            CENTRAL
              and variety of open space for recreation.                                   CORRIDOR
                                                                                                      NORTH
                                                                                       SOUTHIEST
              Supply-Demand                                                                        T,
                                                                                      .E- E       SHORL
                                                                                        BAT
              Needs Analysis

                   The Urban Needs Study was undertaken to determine what
                                                                                                   I  A,
              facilities the municipalities should be providing to meet the
              recreation needs of urban residents. The study focused on
              activities which people normally seek within short distances
              of their homes, usually within their own community or neigh
              borhood. The major responsibility for providing these facilities
              rests with municipal governments and, therefore, the survey
                                                                                                        J
              includes only the supply of municipally owned recreation facili-
              ties and the resident demand for these facilities which munick
              palities are or should be satisfying.
                   The 567 municipalities in New Jersey vary considerably                                        rJ
              in land area and population. The smallest municipality com-
              prises only 0.07 square miles (Lock Arbour Village in Mon-
              mouth County) and the largest is 115.05 square miles (Hamil-
                                                                                        NO .. A"'
                                                                                                  NOR

                                                                                                      N

                                                                                                      NO

                                                                                                   T.
                                                                                                  SNORL

              138
<pb n="147" />

                ton Township in Atlantic County). The range in population size                TABLE 1: 153 URBAN MUNICIPALITIES
                is also great. The smallest (Tavistock Borough in Camden                                  POPULATION DATA
                County) had 12 people in 1970 and the largest was the City of                             1970
                Newark in Essex County with 378,222 people. In New Jersey
                the population is concentrated in a relatively few high popula-                                   No. of  Urban Pop., Urban Pop., Population Growth Rate
                tion and high density areas. These are located primarily in the                                Urban Muni- %of Regional Distributed 1950-1960 1960-1970
                Northeast Regio'r) near New York City and extend down into                      Region          clpalltles Population by Region
                central New Jersey to Trenton.                                                  Northwest          0           0          0          0          0
                      For the purposes of this study, an "urban city" is defined                North Central      4          20%         2%        177%       53%
                as one with a total population of 25,000 or more or with a pop-                 Northeast         77          83%         620/D     18%          5%
                ulation density of 5,000 people or more per square mile. A total
                of 153 municipalities of the State's 567 qualify as urban under                 Central Corridor  26          7 7%        190/0     49%        67%
                this criteria. (See Map and Table 1.) The Northeast Region                      North Shore       16          41%         6%        385%       178%
                contains nearly half of these municipalities (77), representing                 Southwest         25          44%         91/0      70%        21%
                83% of the region's population. The Central Corridor Region
                follows with 26 communities or 77% of its population living in                  South Shore        3          27%         1%        12%        -4%
                urban areas. Urbanization continues to spread southward                         Delaware Bay       2          2 9%        1 %       21%        19%
                rather than to the west, with the North Shore Region being 41 %
                urbanized and the Southwest Region being 45% urbanized.
                Only the Northwest Region including Sussex, Warren and Hun-
                terdon counties has no urban areas.                                           urban demand for these facilities, this does not obviate the need
                      The 153 urban communities, representing 27% of the                      for municipalities to strive to meet the recreation needs that
                State's 567 municipalities, include over 4.5 million people.                  are clearly their responsibility.
                This comprises almost 65% of the State's total population but
                only 17% of the State's total land area. These cities showed a                     SUPPLY
                population increase of 20% over the past decade. The growth
                trends show that the largest cities are continuing slow de-                        In order to determine the present supply of municipally
                creases in population or at least a slower growth rate, while                 owned recreation facilities in the 153 urban communities, a
                the suburbs are gaining population at a much faster rate.                     "Municipal Outdoor Recreation Survey" was conducted in 1968
                      The responsibility for providing recreation facilities within           and a similar inventory concentrating on the urban areas was
                a municipality falls primarily on the municipal level of govern-              conducted in 1971. Ninety-nine communities responded to the
                ment. The thirteen facilities included in this study are most                 1971 survey. Data from the 1968 survey was used for fifty-one
                often sought close to home and therefore are those which                      communities. Three communities did not respond to either
                local municipalities should be providing. These facilities in-                survey. To incorporate data for these, averages of supply in-
                clude: baseball (regulation), baseball (youth), football /soccer,             formation from urban municipalities of similar size and similar
                basketball, bocce/horseshoe/shuffleboard courts, handball                     socio-economic characteristics from within the same region
                courts, tennis courts, swimming pools, spray/wading pools,                    were substituted.
                bicycle trails, outdoor stage, passive sitting areas and play-                     The 1971 survey included the 13 facilities chosen for the
                lots. (See Table 2.) Although it is understood that the counties              Urban Needs Study, but two categories included in 1971 had
                and to a lesser extent the State may be meeting some of the                   not been part of the 1968 survey -horseshoe/ bocce/sh uff I e-

                                                                                                                                                                  139
<pb n="148" />

                            board courts and spray/wading pools. In order to incorporate                                                                                existing municipal recreation supply is roughly comparable to
                            data on these activities for all 153 communities, not just the                                                                              the portion of the State's urban population residing in that
                            ninety-nine responding to the 1971 survey, averages were again                                                                              region. The Northeast Region, for example, has 56% of the ur-
                            taken. These were based on population size and socio-econom-                                                                                ban recreation supply and 62% of the urban population. These
                            ic characteristics of urban communities within the same region.                                                                             proportions vary with activity however. The Northeast Region
                                      The 1971 municipally owned recreation supply for the                                                                              has 61% of the basketball supply but only 50% of the football/
                            thirteen activities is shown in Table 3, while Table 4 shows                                                                                soccer facilities. The Central Corridor Region has 19% of the
                            the number and kinds of parks in which these facilities are                                                                                 urban population and 20% of the supply. This region, however,
                            located.                                                                                                                                    has only 9% of the handball courts and 13% of the basketball
                                      As the inventory data reveals, each region's share of the                                                                         courts while it also has 26% of the passive sitting areas.

                            TABLE 2: FACILITIES INCLUDED IN                                                               TABLE 3:              SUPPLY OF MUNICIPALLY OWNED
                                                   URBAN NEEDS STUDY                                                                            URBAN RECREATION FACILITIES
                                                   MUNICIPAL RESPONSIBILITY                                                                     1971

                                                                         Percent Municipal                                                                                                                       Region
                                Facility                                    Responsibility                                      Facility               North Central Northeast Central Corridor North Share Southwest South Short Delaware say State Total

                                Baseball (Reg.)                                     8 01A                                 Basebal I (Reg.)                       5             146                97                 42               32                  7                  6                 335

                                Basebal I (Youth)                                   801%                                  Baseball (Youth)                       0             179                82                 29               66                  8                  5                 369

                                Football/Soccer                                     80%                                   Football/Soccer                        4             182                89                 43               30                  8                  5                 361

                                Basketball                                          80%                                   Basketball                          18               606               131                 69               133              27                    4                 988

                                Bocce/ Horseshoe/                                                                         Bocce/Horseshoe/
                                Shuffleboard                                        80%                                   Shuffleboard Courts                    1             281               11130               58               36               21                    0                 497

                                Handball Courts                                     80%                                   Handball Courts                        2               79                  9                  1             10                  1                  0                 102

                                Tennis Courts                                       801/o                                 Tennis Courts                       13               451               140                 49               81               27                   15                 776

                                Swimming Pools                                      50%                                   Swimming Pools                         1               54               12                    9             11                  0                  0                 87

                                Spray/Wading Pools                                  90%                                   Spray/Wading Pools                     0             122                25                    5             33                  0                  0                 185

                                Bicycle Trails                                      85%                                   Bicycle Trai Is (Miles)                0                 5.2               7.4                1.8              1.9              1.7                0                 18.0

                                Outdoor Stage                                       40%                                   Outdoor Stage                          0               11                  5                  a                3                2                  0                 29

                                Passive Sitting Areas                               90%                                   Passive Sitting Areas                  3             519               280                167               34               50                    3               1056

                                Playlots                                            800/6                                 Playlots                            15               693               189                 73               102              29                   17               1118

                                                                                                                              TOTALS                          62             3328.2            1166.4              554.8            572.9             181.7                55                5921

                            140
<pb n="149" />

                        Only 18 miles of bicycle trails have been provided by                           TABLE 4: TYPES OF URBAN MUNICIPAL PARKS
                  municipal governments in the urban communities and two re-
                  gions (North Central and Delaware Bay) have none at all. A                                                  North North- Central North South- South Delaware
                  total of 41% of the available bicycle trails are located in the                       Type of Park         Central east    Corridor Shore west Shore           Bay
                  Central Corridor Region and 29% are in the Northeast Region.                          Small Neighborhood       1      163      118     48      20     14       0
                  Considering the number of miles represented by these per-                             Large Neighborhood       1       93       47     16       6      3       1
                  centages, however, they do not indicate an impressive supply.
                        In Table 4 the number and type of municipal parks in the                        Community                0       38       12      7       5      2       3
                  urban areas are tabulated by region-small neighborhood,                               Metropo I Ran            0        8       10     0        1      0       0
                  large neighborhood, community, metropolitan and undevel-                              Undeveloped              0       37        7     16       4      1       0
                  oped. The facilities shown in Table 3 are located in a total of
                  817 municipal parks. Of this total, 45% are small neighborhood                        Definitions of Classes of Areas:
                  parks providing recreation facilities within walking distance                         Small Neighborhood: Recreation areas, less than 3 acres in size, which are
                  of potential users. These are designed primarily to serve the                         located within walking distance of potential users. Pfaylots and vest pocket
                  elderly, with passive sitting areas, and the very young, with                         parks are considered in this category. Often small neighborhood parks fea-
                  children's playlots or playgrounds. These parks also provide                          ture children's play areas, multi-purpose courts and/or passive sitting areas.
                  facilities, some court and field areas, for teenagers and adults.                     Large Neighborhood: Parks, between 3 and 10 acres in size, which provide
                  Another 20% of the parks are large neighborhood parks which                           recreation opportunities for all age groups within a neighborhood. They
                  provide recreation opportunities for all age groups. Thus, mu-                        generally serve an area no greater than a square mile. Common features
                                                                                                        of large neighborhood parks are playgrounds, baseball/softball fields, multi-
                  nicipally owned recreation facilities are largely (65%) provided                      use paved areas for court games, horseshoe and shuffleboard courts, and
                  in neighborhood parks intended to be within easy access of the                        passive areas.
                  residents they are designed to serve.                                                 Community: Parks, 10 to 30 or more acres in size, which serve several
                                                                                                        neighborhoods and provide facilities which require more space than is nor-
                        There also appears to be potential undeveloped park areas                       mally available at neighborhood parks. In addition to the facilities found
                  in all but one of the seven regions. The exact size of these                          in neighborhood parks, community parks frequently feature sportfields,
                  areas and their locations were not determined by the Urban                            tennis courts, swimming pools and picnic areas.
                  Needs Study. However, every effort should be made to develop                          Metropolitan: Parks generally exceeding 100 acres in size, ch aracteristically
                  them either with recreation facilities or as open space attrac-                       less intensely developed than previously mentioned recreation areas. Picnic
                  tively landscaped to provide a pleasing environment for urban                         areas, boating and swimming facilities, nature centers and natural areas,
                                                                                                        and hiking and equestrian trails are among the features often found in met-
                  residents who are all too often surrounded by buildings, pave-                        ropolitan parks.
                  ment and general ugliness.                                                            Undeveloped: Areas which will be eventually developed for recreation or
                        The adequacy with which this municipally owned resource                         retained for open space.
                  meets the recreation needs of urban residents is difficult to
                  assess with the information available. Further study of these                               DEMAND
                  resources must focus in greater depth on the exact location,
                  visual and design characteristics, operation and maintenance,                              The demand methodology used in the Urban Needs Study
                  security or safety of the areas, and barriers in or surrounding                       was  somewhat different from that used for the rest of the State
                  the facilities, such as a high speed highway, that cut off the                        Plan. This was due primarily to the fact that the ORRRC studies,
                  facility from potential neighborhood users.                                           which served as the basis for New Jersey participation rates,

                                                                                                                                                                                 141
<pb n="150" />

                        TABLE 5: STANDARDS USED TABLE 6: URBAN DEMAND                                                                         TABLE 7: 1970 URBAN                            FACILITY DEMAND
                                           URBAN DEMAND                                              1970                                                        BY REGION

                        Facility                     Standard                                            Municipal Responsibility                                                                                 REGION
                                                                                Facility              Recreation Days % of Total                                                     North   North-        Central North   South-      South Delaware
                        Baseball (Regulation)        1 per 6,000 people         Baseball (Reg.)               .167            80%                     Facility                   Central     east          Corridor Shore  west        Shore      Bay
                        Baseball (Youth)             I per 3,000 people                                                                               Baseball (Reg.)                14      472           141    45       75          11         9
                        Football/Soccer (Fields)     1 per 10,000 people        Baseball (Youth)              .335            80%                     Baseball (Youth)               30      943           282    90       149         23         18
                                                                                Football/Soccer Fields        .1              801/0                   Football/Soccer Fields         9       283           89     27       45          7          5
                        Basketball Courts            1 per 1,000 people                                                                               Basketball Courts              69      2,830         845    268      447         64         53
                                                                                Basketball Courts             .5              801%                    Bocce/ Horseshoe/
                        Bocce /Horseshoe/            1 per 1,000 people                                                                               Shuffleboard Courts            16      586           131    57       72          19         11
                        Shuffleboard Courts          over age of 55             Bocce/ Horseshoe/                                                     Handbal I Courts               9       283           89     27       45          7          5
                        Handball Courts              1 pet 10,000 people        Shuffleboard Courts           .097            80%                     Tennis Courts                  44      1,415         423    134      224         34         27
                                                                                Handbal I Courts              .05             80%                     Swimming Pools                 4       141           42     13       22          3          3
                        Tennis Courts                I per 2,000 people                                                                               Spray/Wading Pools             18      311           104    32       54          8          7
                                                                                Tennis Courts                 ;26             80%                     Bicycle Trails (Miles)         17.8    566.0         169.0  53.7     89.4        13.7       10.6
                        Swimming Pools               1 per 15,000 people        Swimming Pools                1.85            50%                     Outdoor Stage                  4       141           42     13       22          3          3
                        SpTay/Wading Pools           1 per 1,000 people                                                                               Passive Sitting Areas          44      1,415         423    134      224         34         27
                                                     under age of 7             Spray/Wading Pools            .30             90%                     Playlots                       59      1,886         590    179      298         46         35

                        Bicycle Trails (Miles)       I mile per 5,000 people    Bicycle Trails (Miles)        .75             85%
                        Outdoor Stage                I per 20,000 people        Outdoor Stage                 .081            40%             Thus, more, if necessary smaller,                             facilities are needed in the
                        Passive Sitting Areas        1 per 2,000 people         Passive Sitting Areas         .5              90%             urban area rather than a few very                            large facilities that are inac-
                        Playlots                     1 per 1,500 people         Playlots                      1.65            80%             cessible to large numbers of residents. The standards, chosen
                                                                                                                                              to reflect this situation, were then converted into recreation
                                                                                                                                              days per person. (See Tables 5 &amp; 6.)
                        did not provide            participation figures for each of the activities                                                   To derive urban demand figures for 1970, the regional
                        included in the            Urban Needs Study. For example, swimming                                                   urban population was multiplied by the recreation days per
                        and outdoor games were not broken down by ORRRC into                                                                  person for each activity and the peaking factor and then divided
                        separate activities or facilities included in the urban supply                                                        by the 1970 facility capacity standard.
                        inventory- community pools and wading pools, football, bas-
                        ketball, etc.                                                                                                                                                                         2%
                                                                                                                                              Regional Urban              X    Recreation            X     Peaking
                               Secondly, it was assumed that urban recreation standards                                                       Population                       Days                        Factor                      Urban Facility
                        are different from statewide standards that often reflect rural                                                                 1970 Facility Capacity Standard                                                  Demand
                        needs. To derive relevant participation rates for urban munici-
                        palities it was decided to start with standards that have been
                        adapted to the urban environment. These standards tend to                                                                     The demand for each of the thirteen facilities in 1970 is
                        consider the number of facilities of greater importance than                                                          shown by region in Table 7. This table shows only the portion of
                        total available capacity. This is significant in urban areas be-                                                      the demand fo'r these facilities which was determined as the
                        cause lack of mobility is a common limitation to participation.                                                       responsibility of the municipal level of government.

                        142
<pb n="151" />

                                               NEEDS                                                                                                                                                         For all 13 facilities, only 32% of the 1970 demand is being met
                                       The deficit or surplus of facilities was determined by sub-                                                                                                           by municipal governments. The percent of the demand met by
                                   tracting the 1971 supply from the 1970 demand. (See Table                                                                                                                 existing municipal facilities varies from region to region. The
                                   8.) Six of the eight regions were deficient in all activities, while                                                                                                      Northeast Region, for example, is satisfying 64% of its foot-
                                   the North Shore and South Shore had small surpluses in three                                                                                                              ball/soccer demand while the North Central Region is meeting
                                   activities - football/ soccer, bocce/ horseshoe/ shuf f leboard                                                                                                           only 44% of its football/soccer demand. The Central Corridor
                                   courts, and passive sitting areas. In spite of these surpluses                                                                                                            Region, on the other hand, is meeting all fo its football/soccer
                                   it is clear that most of the demand for urban recreation is not                                                                                                           demand and the North Shore has a surplus of these facilities.
                                   being met by the municipalities.                                                                                                                                          Similar variations are found in all facility comparisons and
                                                                                                                                                                                                             the percent demand met ranges from 18% in the North Central
                                               The greatest deficit in the urban areas is in basketball                                                                                                      Region to 67% in the South Shore Region.
                                   facilities. An additional 3,588 courts were needed in 1970 to                                                                                                                 Although 30% of its demand is now being met, the North-
                                   meet current demand for this activity. This is followed by play-                                                                                                          east Region has the greatest need for facilities fo all the re-
                                   lots (1,975), tennis courts (1,525), passive sitting areas (1,245)                                                                                                        gions. This is not unexpected since the Northeast contains 83%
                                   and youth baseball (1, 166).                                                                                                                                              of the urban population. The rank order of the seven regions
                                               The degree to which the existing supply meets the 1970                                                                                                        having urban areas is approximately the same in facility needs
                                   demand varies with activity. (See Table 8.) Statewide, 78% of                                                                                                             as in percent urbanized population. The only exception is the
                                   the urban football/soccer demand is now being met by munici-                                                                                                              North Central Region which ranks last in percent urbanized
                                   pal facilities but only 2% of the bicycling demand is being met.                                                                                                          population and fifth in number of facilities needed.

                                                                               TABLE 8: FACILITY NEEDS AND PERCENT DEMAND BEING MET BY EXISTING SUPF
                                                                                        STATEWIDE AND BY REGION, 153 URBAN MUNICIPALITIES, 1971

                                                                                                                         Statewide             North Central              Northeast              Central Corridor              North Shore        Southwest           South Shore                 Delaware Bay
                                                                                                                              Percent                 Percent                    Percent                 Percent                 Percent                  Percent                Percent                 Percent
                                                                                    Facility                         Facility Demand          Facility Demand            Facility Demand     Facility   Demand          Facility Demand    Facility       Demand      Facility   Demand         Facility Demand
                                                                                                                     Need       Met            Need      Met              Need       Met      Need         Met           Need     Met       Need            Met        Need      Met            Need     Met

                                                                                    Baseball  (Reg.)                 432          44%            9        36%            326          31%      44          69%            3        93%         43           43%          4        64%            3      66%
                                                                                    Baseball  (Youth)              1,166          24%           30         0             764          19%     200          29%           61        32%         83           44%         15        34%           13      28%
                                                                                    Football/Soccer                  104          78%            5        44%            101          64%       0         100%          (16)      159%         15           67%         (1)      114%            0     100%
                                                                                    Basketball                     3,588          22%           51        26%          2,224          21%     714          16%          199        26%        314           30%         37        42%           49       8%
                                                                                    Bocce, etc.                      395          56%           15         6%            305          48%      31          76%           (1)      102%         36           50%         (2)      111%           11       0
                                                                                    Handball Courts                  363          22%            7        22%            204          28%      80          10%           26         4%         35           22%          6        14%            5       0
                                                                                    Tennis Courts                  1,525          34%           31        30%            964          32%     283          33%           85        37%        143           36%          7        80%           12      56%
                                                                                    Swimming Pools                   151          37%            3        25%             87          38%      30          29%           4         69%         11           50%          3         0             3       0
                                                                                    Spray/Wading Pools               339          35%           18         0             189          39%      79          24%           27        16%         21           61%          8         0             7       0
                                                                                    Bicycle Trails (Miles)           902.2         2%           17.8       0             560.8         1%     161.6         4%           51.9       3%         87.5          2%         12.0      12%           10.6     0
                                                                                    Outdoor Stage                    209          12%            4         0             130           8%      37          12%            5        62%         19           14%          1        67%            3       0
                                                                                    Passive Sitting Areas          1,245          46%           41         7%            896          37%     143          66%          (33)      125%        190           15%        (16)      147%           24      11%
                                                                                    Playlots                       1,975          32%           44        25%          1,193          37%     401          32%          106        41%        196           34%         17        63%           18      49%

                                                                                       TOTALS                     12,394.2        32%          275.8      18%          7,943.8        30%   2,203.6        35%          517.9      52%     11,193.5         32%         91        67%          158.6    26%

                                                                                    *Numbers in parenthesis indicate a surplus of facilities.
<pb n="152" />

              Conclusion                                                                    In the late 1940's LeCorbusier built his Unitd d'Habitation
                                                                                       on the outskirts of Marseilles. This apartment building was a
                                                                                       landmark in convenience as well as design. The seventh floor
                   The Urban Needs Study demonstrates that the problems                is a miniature Main Street (including a national supermarket
              and needs of New Jersey's urban areas are great. Because of              branch, a dry cleaner, a bakery, and a hotel) and the rooftop
              its high overall population density, New Jersey is probably              is a complete recreation center (a children's pool, climbs and
              experiencing a degree of urban neeb greater than most other              slides, a weight-lifting gym, and a quarter mile track). The view
              states. The needs of urban areas will become increasingly                from the Empire State Building or Billy Penn's toe presents the
              important because the proportion of the population living in             city as an expanse of free space- free from buildings, free from
              urban areas will continue to increase in the years ahead at a            use. These acres of opportunity can be suited to recreation
              greater rate than the growth of the State's total population.            lands.
              But since urban development has been concentrated in a small                  Air rights are a recent commodity on the real estate mar-
              portion of the State's total land area, New Jersey still contains        ket; while use has been made of vacant space underneath
              vast open space resources.                                               highways for quasi sports courts, the concept of bridging road-
                   In the suburbs, public land is usually a supplement to a            ways with playgrounds as they bridge the Arno with jewelers
              private yard. In the city, however, the municipal grounds must           shops in Florence and the Po with shoe stores in Rome, has not
              play a dual role. The urban park must offer more and different           been thoroughly explored. This approach to finding additional
              kinds of space-different kinds of space to more people who               recreational space deserves study although potential problems
              cannot provide it for themselves, who feel to the point of provo-        and limitations have been noted in the use of air rights for
              cation the conspicuous lack of these opportunities. Park spaces          development of housing and office buildings.
              must be where people already are-on their paths, almost in
              their way. Vest pocket parks, hopefully styled on the copious
              wardrobe of Sebastian Cabot, should be found on any variety
              of lost lots. Some sites simply need refuse clearance to disclose
              recreational space. In some cases, a city can complete or
              initiate demolition on an available or accessible plot. Or, in the
              case of land vacant on a transitional basis, the city can provide
              instant or temporary facilities on location. The fresh vistas
              revealed by razing cement curtains can be as functional as they
                                                                                                                                     IN
              are exciting.
                   Another resource for urban recreation is multiple site use.
              "Slums" are frequently characterized by "mixed uses," or the
              presence of industry within a residential section. These nine-to-
              five operations invariably need parking lots, lots that are vacant
              in the evenings and on weekends. With a liability release, the
              city can efficiently turn these blacktops into basketball courts.
              Similarly, shopping centers, which the merchants make sure
              are fed by bus routes, stagnate on Sundays with enough car
              space for a baseball diamond.

              144
<pb n="153" />

                    Concomitant with multiple use planning is the extended
               use of extant recreation facilities. Good lighting would not only
               expand the hours an activity is possible, but also greatly
               broaden the group it serves. The employed have an option on
               facilities that used to work only when they worked. (Suburban
               department stores stay open every night until at least nine for
               that very reason.) School gyms and grounds close early in the
               evening. There is no reason why these recreation provisions
               should not be accessible in the evenings and on weekends all
               yearround.
                    Unfortunately, no computer is necessary to discover a city
               neighborhood in need of recreation space. An entirely field sur-
               vey to map any open space at all -from extant parks to parking
               lots-would designate the potential sites for contemporary
               urban recreation projects. Recognizing and utilizing all space
               available, even if it is not available all the time, facilitates the
               separation of competing user groups. (This is more important
               with little kids and preteens than with the active/passive
               distinction as is commonly thought. Ball players, after all, like
               to be watched and sitters certainly like something to see.) The
               renovation of deteriorated land is an aid, not an answer; so is
               neighborhood interest.
                                                                                                                                       7,
                    It is next to impossible to make up in seductive equipment
               what people lack in habit. This does not mean that kids will not
               use a new swimming      pool because they are not used to going
               swimming; battling the frustrating heat of the summer is a
               habit in itself.
                    To encourage habit in any new facility it must be open all
               the time-open in hours and open at the ends. Locked gates
                                                                                                                              00*__
               and closing times increase estrangement, interfere with re-
               peated use, and decrease convenience. The same applies to
               seasonal or one shot deals. On Friday, when the little kids
               finally get used to going to the mobile zoo on the corner, they
               find it won't be there on Monday. While the teenagers can hang
               at a green filled lot when it's warm, there's no equivalent when
               it's cold. While everyone is shown movies and plays outdoors                    The continuing success of a      project tends   to  reinforce
               every week in the summer, there are no free indoor shows                  itself. If a park is well used then the people themselves protect
               throughout the winter months. Recreation needs are not spo-               it with their pride and their presence. All that use, i.e. success,
               radic. Besides, the more people become accustomed to some-                demands is maintenance. Maintenance is not an innovation.
               thing, the stronger the interest base from which to work.                 Yet it is treated as a strange new brew to be passed or disre-

                                                                                                                                                          145
<pb n="154" />

                                                                                                            which fell altogether in its own pile of gar-
                                                                                        garded. One ploy,
                                                                                        bage, was to have   the neighbors keep their own parks clean.
                                                                                        By some rationale,  if the city park is to perform as a backyard,
              oe                              AIL,                                      then those who claim it should take care of it. However, public
                                                                                        land anywhere else is taken care of by public authorities, so
                                                                                        why should these people, whose prime capital asset is labor,
                                                                                        be asked to work for free.
                                                                                             Diversity is another success factor. Dull, after all, is dull.
                                                                                        People look out windows to see what is going on because there
                                                                                        is something to see that has never happened on the kitchen
                                                                                        table at which they sit. The whim of the street is the personality
                                                                                        of a city. Similarly, planned places must offer a visual and an
                                                                                        eye-level diversity as well as a participatory one.
                                      I W-1
                                                                                             Riverside Park in Manhattan is proof. The sliver of land on
                            ft
                                                                                        the Hudson's edge from 72nd to 158th streets is given charac-
              No                                                                        ter by the successive neighborhood it flanks. The vista is cer-
              ff                                                                        tainly intriguing, yet it is easily topped in variety by the range
                                                                                        of activities occurring -folk dancing, fishing, baseball, jogging,
                                                                                        dog walking, sleeping, soccer, golf putting, sandboxes, sitting,
                                                                                        sunbathing, car washing, car wrecking, picnicking, bike riding.
                                                                 A-`
                                      4@1
                                                                                        Although Riverside Park may be filled because there are no
                                                                                        alternate parklands, other reasons also contribute to its suc-
                                                                                        cess: (1) it is conducive to any number of pastimes; (2) it is
                                                                                        convenient (the fields to the west of the highway on the shore,
                                                                                        the nicest part of the park, are conspicuously empty because
                                                                                        they are inaccessible by foot); and (3) the different segments of
                                                                                                                           -appointed community propri-
                                                                                        the 293 acre belt have won self
                                                                                        etorship.
                                                                                             The paragon of natural versatility in a man-made structure,
                                                                                        exemplary for park and program planning, is the city building.
                                                                                        It can be hidden in, climbed up, swung from, walked over, met
                                                                                        by, written on. The urban tree.
                                                                                             In our economically oriented society, the acquisition of
                                                                                        land claims the major expenditure and is the greatest obstacle
                                                                                        to creating amenities in the city. When the sheriff sales trick in
                                                                            7- 1 id,

                                                                                        Philadelphia works, it is because sheriff sales' occur in run-
                          A10
                            '4.A,
                                                                                        down neighborhoods. The donation gimmick works every once
                                                                                        in a while in Manhattan because there are a few rich-living
                                    4,
                                                                                        people. There's the magazine ad that promises your name on a
                                                                                        plaque if you send a check to make a vest pocket park; or the

              146
<pb n="155" />

                non-liability rental, where the owner lets the city use his land          basis; supervise -programs, protection. Hopefully, the partici-
                for recreation purposes without risk of suits; or multiple use            pation will increase pride at the expense of vandalism.
                sites; the most expedient, of course, is city-owned land.                      Since the theory of planning per se rests on the continuing
                     Put this all together it spells block parks-the conversion           knowledge of human capabilities and desires, actual citizen
                of streets to parks from parking lots. The unique character, the          participation can be the most effective way of guiding planning
                inimitable attraction of the city street has been acclaimed by            action. In this manner, recreation demand can be recognized
                Jane Jacobs, Bernard Rudofsky, and William H. Whyte. Rather               and compiled. People who want something say so and thus
                than scorn street play as a choiceless choice, an urban recrea-           comply to a local participation plan. Their interest is the coi-
                tion system should plan for and with it. Closing blocks on some           lateral. Then, the demand revealed, population and facility
                schedule is the plainest approach. It can be glorified with curb-         statistics can be checked to decide among groups or to qualify
                side trees and sidewalk benches for the sitting generation. Per-          for appropriations and expenditures. However, broad surveys
                haps, as in Bedford-Stuyvesant, the streets could be closed               to establish "What City People Want in Recreation" must be
                permanently, dirt filled, grass lined, and used. A new version of         recognized as generalizations which fluctuate not just from city
                superblock develops- instead of the joint backyards of Rad-               to city but from neighborhood to neighborhood; these surveys
                burn, a communal front yard for Inner City. Growing in number,            should not be utilized as equally applicable to all neighbor-
                these greenstreets grow connectable. A brand new kind of                  hoods.
                linear park winds through the city in the beneficent fashion of                Decentralization has been advocated for everything from
                a countryside greenbelt.                                                  Boards of Education to the Metropolitan Museum of Art. A
                     We have taken city owned land that is so accessible to               recreation department structure with control on the local level
                everyone whom it is to serve that it is already a habit; that has         is more than a reasonable demand, it may be a solution. Thus
                a diversity of uses, the least of which being the one to which it         far, urban recreation has developed in spite of negligent city
                is devoted -car storage; that is well protected by the windows            governments. Apparently, people can show themselves a good
                which overlook it and the people who inhabit it; that is part of          time without a Commissioner's aid. The infamous "needs" that
                an established maintenance system; that is geared to socializ-            are so hard to determine from city hall are self-evident to a
                ing; that is viable for education (of skills through the renovation,      local mother.
                of nature through the planting, of anything through eventual                   There have been some small scale attempts at local con-
                programming); that is the last remnant of open space in the city          trol where the neighborhood is custodian of its own vest pocket
                scape -and we turn it into an amenity.                                    park. In Philadelphia's program alone, the outcomes ranged
                     This is not to say that a block park system is the solution          from great to terrible. It was felt, however, that some getting
                to urban recreation and its problems. Rather, it is this kind of          among the neighborhood sponsors would have been helpful to
                analysis that acknowledges the choices city people have al-               the point of improvement. Further, it would give the people the
                ready made and assimilates those factors that apparently have             strength to face the allocating agencies on equal footing.
                brought success.                                                               Surveys of available land and existing facilities are impor-
                     Implementation of the park projects must be a fresh ap-              tant, demonstrably so when correlated to age groups, median
                proach. The recipient community must be involved at all stages.           incomes, and population density. These four items are to city
                A procedure should be established whereby residents can:                  recreation what acres per thousand are to non-urban recrea-
                request-when demand has not been spotted; plan-repre-                     tion, and probably more relevant. Walking distance radii com-
                sentatives of age groups to be served advise professionals;               plement the total population and age density figures. A London
                build-from assembling the equipment to writing in the wet                 study showed that the distance people are willing to walk to
                cement; maintain-small repairs, general litter, on a rotational           city parks is partly a function of the total number of people

                                                                                                                                                           147
<pb n="156" />

                                                                                              In a trial of a street park, as with any experiment, it is very
                                                                                         important to have more than one pilot project. Any conclusions
                                                                                         drawn from one test run is a generalization drawn from the
                                                                                         specific. By trying out several block parks or whatever at once,
                                                                                         not only is a more valid study made with accounts for the ran-
                                                                                         dom variables in communities, but more people are served
                                                                                         sooner.
                                                                                              The several initial trials under one jurisdiction is a far
                                                                                         safer measure than results extracted from printed information
                                                                                         which probably is outdated or distorted or plain lying. The best
                                                                                         way to draw from recreation projects tried in another city is to
                                                                                         speak directly with the person who ran it, with someone on the
                                                                                         staff as well, in case Number One is too public relations minded
                                                                                         himself, and also to speak with the people for whom the project
                                                                                         was established.
                                                                                              All projects so far have a shocking paucity of back-check-
                                          IN                                             ing reports. This lack of continual reevaluation contributes to a
                                                                                         large cause of failure, the same way that a lack of maintenance
                                                                                         drags down the physical condition of a park at an increasing
                                                                                         pace. An information maintenance system must be instituted
                                                                                         or a program can fall apart the day after the press photogra-
                                                                                         phersleave.
                                                                                              Education, one of the terms of urban recreation, is far
                                                                                         more than that. It is a separate entity that city people have
                                                                                         specified as a highest priority demand. Thus, recreation that
                                                                                         includes education is not only natural but is satisfying a much
                                                                                         more important need than the call for playgrounds. The first
              within the  zone of origin. This is not an excuse to lengthen the          step is to establish programs in the parks rather than just
              radius per park, but an emphasis of need. Walking distance can             installing facilities. The programs can range from sports in-
              pose a special dilemna in regard to the inner city; while it may           struction to first aid to automechanics. Programs should be
              work well to estimate one neighborhood's needs, it can be quite            available for adults as well and on a year-round basis. The
              irrelevant when the route a person is willing to walk is a matter          effect of a good staff far outweighs the influence of equipment,
              of turfs, not crosswalks.                                                  both as teachers and motivators.
                  - While the statistics of a survey and the answers to interest              The process "Staffing" can bring in another educational
              questionnaires indicate general needs, they do not guarantee               system: the training of local teens to become recreation
              success of a project. There must be a series of test runs that             leaders. This was tried and proved successful in Phoenix, Ari-
              show whether the project will work in practice. The time, effort,          zona (in a federal grant program which trained local youngsters
              and money given to any general poll belong to the projects                 for park leadership with the guarantee of employment) and in
              themselves, which will not only yield more reliable results, but           Rochester, New York. In Stockholm, recreation leaders are
              also help people instead of pollsters.                                     given the status and salary of teachers. This could fill a demand

              148
<pb n="157" />

               for training, open a job market, and move the political payrol-         larly local groups, should play on a regular basis, indoors and
               lees out of recreation positions. In 1967, four New York City           out. They could be hired and paid, or compete for a monthly
               junior high schools offered a "Planning for Change Curriculum."         monetary prize.
               The students surveyed their own neighborhoods (primarily for                 Television and movies can be utilized. Television has been
               housing and recreation facilities), pinpointed shortcomings,            condoned by the British with plans to install sets in London
               discussed alternatives, and worked with legitimate officials for        squares. City children could be given movie cameras and their
               improvement.                                                            films can be shown on their own city streets. Several small
                    A logician's solution to the no recreation space problem           scale projects have distributed equipment with terrific results.
               is a no recreation space program. There are Ins and Outs. The           In one case, neighborhood mothers sewed together laundromat
               Outs transport city residents to fringe or farther parklands.           donated sheets for a screen which hung down the facade from
               Bussing programs which have dealt with this have been limited           the top windows of a row house. There is no rule that outdoor
               to children in the summertime. It is the type of recreation that        movies must be spacewasting drive-ins.
               should be available to families together on a year-round basis.              Many older cities are founded on waterways which have
               So far, the bussing has been as an organized trip, ostensibly           not been exploited by recreation planners. Bicycle paths and
               because children are involved. Whether some bus pass system             hiking trails can be developed on the banks within a compara-
               is workable must be tested. If people are not used to going to          tively narrow margin. Inoperative boats, like      the ferries off
               an out-of-town bus depot and going out of town, the chance for          Hoboken, can be renovated to amusement ends.
               a bargain ride may be no inducement at all. Meeting friends
               on a corner, planning a meal for the family are a comfortable           MV
                                                                                                                                @ @:' @
               transition to a local chartered bus. This, of course, must be
               tried several times in several places to be brought from logic
               to reality.
                    The  Ins are items brought into the city neighborhood,
               oblivious of the (non) space they find there. Jazz, pools, rides,
               and zoos are established presentations on wheels. Mobile thea-
               tres have a greater chance of success if local talent is recruited
               in advance to participate with and learn from the professionals.
               These forms of instant recreation, epitomized by the spray cap
               on a fire hydrant, balance on the narrow line between alleviation
                                                                                         AvNI
               and demeaning placation.
                    Programs should promise more than immediate effect.
               Derivatives of education are a vital element of urban recreation.
               The scope of recreation for the urban dweller needs a con-
               temporary reevaluation. The list makers have continually by-
               passed several modes.
                    Sports clinics should be established regardless of season
               with volunteer help    from famous names. Nashville offers
               mechanical and musical instruction on revamped urban park
               sites.
                    Dancing is as serviceable as it is popular. Bands, particu-

                                                                                                                                                      149
<pb n="158" />

                   Philadelphia, correlating the lack of space for schools                    The analysis that brought us to block parks also points to
              with the disposal value of the fixed classroom, divised the Park-          community centers. This time we are reassured by the several
              way School; high school students attend classes in the various             requests by neighborhood groups for such a building. It is con-
              buildings and institutions along the thoroughfare. Similarly, a            comitant with the terms of urban recreation, offering a social
              recreation program in any season cc* coordinate the cities'                center, an instructional center, a training center, a community
              resources into a peripatetic path.                                         organization center, an all year center. Like an outdoor place,
                   Education through recreation is not solely planned pro-               it requires convenience, diversity, openness, staff, program-
              grams. The kind of analysis that combines urban habits and                 ming, maintenance, and people. Walls are no innovation in a
              urban needs developed the Adventure Playground. It is as                   city; and both sides affect urban recreation.
              challenging and instructive as city streets; it can be put virtually            Standards for recreation should aid in the creation of op-
              anywhere, the less developed the better; it requires almost.no             portunities. The choice to join friends, a program, a game; to
              capital investment, other than a very hip leader. The creative             have ball fields, trees, control; to sit, to run, to create; to be
              and destructive impulses are catered to, instructive guidelines            taught, to be alone, to be pleased.
              are available, not imposed.                                                     For the moneyman, it is as hard to pick which among these
                   A very important aspect of urban recreation that has been             is to be satisfied as it is to pick which among neighborhoods
              almost intentionally overlooked by oldtime recreation planners             is to be funded.
              and funders is that a great deal of it goes on inside. In the sum-
              mer there are far more indoor activities in the city than in the                The general demand seems to indicate the following prior-
              suburbs-sitting through the same movie twice in an air-condi-              ities: having control, then, having equipment; having programs,
              tioned theatre is a July afternoon of swimming and boating to              then having open space; having something to leave the city for,
              the suburban kid; in the winter there are virtually no outdoor             then, having a way to get there; having for a long time to come,
              sports in the city -what is snow and sleigh rides to commuters'            then having right now.
              children is slush and pinball downtown.                                         What must be done is to try things.

                                                                                             V_
                                                                                                          4 IMF

                                                                                                                          low
                                                      1111W

                                                'A.

              150
<pb n="159" />

                                                                       LEGISLATION
                                 AND RELATED ACTIONS

                     Since the completion of the original Statewide Compre-                      The Department of Conservation and Economic Develop-
                hensive Outdoor Recreation Plan in 1967, New Jersey has                     ment ceases to exist as such although its functions will be
                taken bold steps forward, through effective, far reaching                   continued, those dealing with ecology and conservation being
                legislation to protect and preserve its environment in order to             a part of the new department and those pertaining to economic
                enhange the quality of life for its citizens. Some of the recom-            development being transferred to the Department of Labor and
                mendations presented in the previous plan were enacted into                 Industry. Advisory councils of the respective units are similarly
                law -Flood Plain Control Act and the Green Acres Bond Act of                transferred.
                1971 authorizing a public referendum for the issuance of bonds                   A later reorganization put all aspects of water supply and
                totaling $80 million to finance public open space acquisition.              quality into a new Division of Water Resources. This included
                                                                                            the bureaus of Water Control, Water Facility Operations, Geol-
                                                                                            ogy, Water Pollution Control, Potable Water, and Water Re-
                Legislation                                                                 sources Planning and Management.
                                                                                                 The reorganization also created a Division of Environ-
                The Department of Environmental Protection Act of 1970                      mental Quality which besides regulating air pollution codes,
                (N.J.S.A. 13:1 D-1 et seq.) adopted April 22, 1970 (Earth Day).             includes control over the bureaus of Radiation Protection,
                     On Earth Day, April 22, Governor William T. Cahill signed              Solid Waste Management, Office of Pesticide Control and Noise
                into law legislation creating a new department in New Jersey                Control Program.
                State Government called the Department of Environmental                          The Division of Marine Services brought together the
                Protection. The legislation became effective May 2.                         Bureaus of Navigation, Marine Lands Management and Marine
                     The new department consists of units previously attached               Law Enforcement, plus supervision of the Marine Police Acade-
                to the Department of Conservation and Economic Development                  my and administration of riparian lands.
                and the State Department of Health. The Division of Clean Air                    Bureaus within the Division of Fish, Game and Shellfish-
                and Water, formerly in the State Department of Health, is now               eries include Wildlife Management, Fisheries          Management,
                transferred to the Department of Environmental Protection and               Fish and Game Coordination and Law Enforcement. Activities
                renamed. The purpose of creating the new department is to                   include deer management and propagation and the state fish
                unite under one administrator all the State's major functions in            hatchery and quail farm.
                behalf of environmental protection and to avoid unnecessary                      The Division of Parks and Forestry administers the
                duplication of activites.                                                   bureaus of Parks, Forestry supervises -reforestation, the pres-

                                                                                                                                                              151
<pb n="160" />

              ervation of historic sites, and has a forest fire protection              to facilities in outlying areas. The second type of acquisition is
              section.                                                                  for the purchase of land with unique ecological value; a third
                   Special programs carried on by the department include the            aspect is the purchase of land to complete major state projects
              development of reservoirs and the acquisition of lands for water          begun under earlier bond issues.
              supply, recreation and open space needs.
                   The public plays an important role in formulating policies           Water Conservation Bond Act adopted by the Legislature July
              and activities of the department, At present there are 18 statu-          2, 1969 and approved by the voters November 1969 (P.L. 1969
              tory citizen councils representing both the public at large and           -Ch. 127).
              specialized groups associated with various disciplines used by                 The growth of population and the expansion of industrial
              the department.                                                           development together with the inadequacy of sewerage sys-
                                                                                        tems and water supply facilities contribute in large part to water
              New Jersey Green Acres Bond Act of 1971, approved by the                  pollution in New Jersey. The adverse effects of water pollution
              Legislature May 26, 1971 and approved by the voters November              resulting from these inadequacies have to be combatted on a
              1971 (P.L. 1971 -Ch. 165).                                                comprehensive regional basis in order to provide an environ-
                   New Jersey's strategic location in relation to the New York          ment conducive to the health, safety, and welfare of the citi-
              and  Philadelphia metropolitan areas and its resultant desi-r-            zens. The Water Conservation Bond Act authorizes the creation
              ability as a site for industrial and residential development, has         of a debt of the State by the issuance of bonds for the planning,
              placed tremendous stress on the remaining open space in the               acquisition, construction, and maintenance of reservoir and
              State. To provide for open space acquisition across a broad               sewerage facilities to achieve a healthy environment for all.
              range of land uses for recreation and conservation purposes,              The Act also provides ways and means to pay the debt interest
              the Green Acres Program has been established.                             and to pay and discharge the principal thereof.
                   The Green Acres Program has two main ob ectives: (1) to                   The bond issue was in the amount of $271,000,000 of
              assist counties and municipalities in New Jersey    ito obtain local      which $29,000,000 is for planning and site acquisition for water
              community recreation lands; and (2) to enable the State to                supply facilities at seven sites and $242,000,000 for the con-
              acquire significant areas for recreation and conservation. The            struction of waste water treatment facilities. The latter figure
              Program is financed by bond issues approved by public referen-            represents the State's 25% share of the eligible costs of con-
              dum. The initial bond issue in 1961 appropriated $60,000,000 of           struction which is a prerequisite for the 55% to be provided by
              which $40,000,000 was for state acquisition and $20,000,000               the Federal Government through the Federal Water Pollution
              was for reimbursement to counties and municipalities for one-             Control Act.
              half the money they spent on their own acquisition. Although              The Wetlands Act of 1970 (N.J.S.A. 13:9A-1 et seq.) adopted
              over 100,000 acres of open space were acquired under the                  November 5, 1970.
              1961 Program, much potential acreage was not able to be
              funded because of the exhaustion of the bond issue.                            Signing of the Wetlands Act by Governor Cahill on Novem-
                   To continue and improve the work of the 1961       Program, a        ber 5, 1970 was one of the most important steps ever taken to
              second bond issue was approved by the State's voters in No-               protect New Jersey's natural resources. The purpose of the
              vember 1971 for $80,000,000-the New Jersey Green Acres                    Act is to promote the public safety, health and welfare, to
              Bond Issue of 1971. Emphasis of the 1971 program gives first              protect public and private property, wildlife, marine fisheries
              priority to buying lands for recreation opportunities for the             and the natural environment. These goals will be furthered by
              urban population, especially those people who can not travel              the preservation of the ecological balance of the wetlands and

              152
<pb n="161" />

               by preventing the area's continued deterioration and destruc-             natural values. The results have been environmental deteriora-
               tion. To accomplish this the Act requires the State Department            tion, economic loss, and loss of life. The Flood Plain Control
               of Environmental Protection to set regulations controlling future         Act recognizes the need for a reversal of past philosophies so
               use of areas defined as coastal wetlands.                                 that flood plains can be judged not on their real estate value but
                     For the purposes of this Act, wetlands are defined as any           on their ability to safely conduct existing and anticipated flood
               bank, marsh, swamp, meadow, flat or other lowland subject to              flows and on their auxiliary values- accumulating soil nutrients,
               tidal action and upon which grow certain species of grass and             and providing for natural stream channel configuration, recre-
               plants. The Act includes the Atlantic Ocean coastal strip from            ational uses, agricultural uses, open space, and fauna and flora
               Sandy Hook to Cape May, the coastal inland waterways ex-                  habitat.
               tending southerly from Manasquan Inlet to Cape May Harbor,                     This Act gives the Department of Environmental Protection
               the Delaware Bay and Delaware River, Raritan Bay, Barnegat                the authority to share in the regulation of development in flood
               Bay, Sandy Hook Bay, Shrewsbury River including Navesink                  prone areas of the State by delineating, after public hearings,
               River and Shark River. When boundaries are defined, it is                 these areas and then publishing controls applicable to those
               expected that the wetlands will total between 335,000 and                 areas most likely to be flooded. These controls will require that
               400,000 acres. Specifically exempted are those lands under the            the lands can be developed only in a manner compatible with
               jurisdiction of the Hackensack Meadowlands Development                    their natural purpose ofconducting flood waters. Local author-
               Commission.                                                               ities would be given one year to adopt zoning regulations in
                     The Act requires the Commissioner of the Department of              accordance with state guidelines for the remaining delineated
               Environmental Protection to make an inventory and maps of all             areas, otherwise the State would assume primary responsibility.
               wetlands within two years of the effective date of the Act. The                The Act recognizes that land is both a commodity and a
               Commissioner is also directed to establish regulations restrict-          limited resource which must be utilized appropriately so that
               ing or prohibiting dredging, filling, removing or otherwise alter-        not only will the environment be protected from exploitation by
               ing, or polluting coastal wetlands.                                       man, but that man will be protected from exploitation by the
                     Before these regulations are adopted, a public hearing              environment.
               must be held in the county where the affected wetlands are
               located. Any person wishing to conduct a regulated activity
               within the regulated area must apply for a permit with the Com-           Clean Ocean Act (N.J.S.A. 58:10-23-25 et seq.) adopted June
               missioner of the Department of Environmental Protection. If the           1, 1971.
               permit provisions are ignored or violated, facilities for legal
               enforcement are provided in the form of fines and restoration                  The Clean Ocean Act formally recognizes the threats from
               costs.                                                                    pollution and authorizes the New Jersey Department of Environ-
                                                                                         mental Protection to adopt rules and regulations for the disposal
               Flood  Plain Control Act (N.J.S.A. 58:16A-50 et seq.) adopted             of sludge and other waste materials. Control over these opera-
               December 14, 1972.                                                        tions will be achieved through a system of licenses and permits
                                                                                         regulating the handling of wastes within the State, as well as
                     Past flood plain management has been deficient in that it           their loading onto barges.
               has been occupied with reclamation for development purposes                    Regulations will have two purposes. One will be to gather
               without consideration of the increased magnitude of flood flows           data on the scope, size and practices of existing ocean dump-
               which have resulted as bordering open lands have been con-                ing methods. The other will be to impose an outright ban on
               verted to asphalt and concrete; it has been incompatible with             ocean disposal of dangerous wastes, especially those for which

                                                                                                                                                         153
<pb n="162" />

              Youth Conservation and Recreational Development Projects                certain Environmental Education Curriculum Research and
              Act (N.J.S.A. 9:24-8 et seq.) adopted July 9, 1968.                     Development Centers which, in addition to their research and
                   The purpose of the Youth Conservation and Recreational             curriculum development activities, also provide the school
              Development Projects Act is to provide immediate impact on              districts, local environmental commissions, and environmental
              urban areas in the field of recreational opportunities. Major           interest groups with services ranging from consultation and
              emphasis to date has been placed on the bussing program in              teacher training to demonstration pilot programs and curricu-
              which, after the sponsoring agency certifies the trip, the State        lum and facilities development.
              makes payments directly to the carrier for the bussing services
              provided. The Commissioner of Environmental Protection is               The New Jersey American Revolution Bicentennial Celebration
              authorized to make 100% grants to provide transportation for            Act (N.J.S.A. 52:9P-1 et seq.) adopted March 2, 1973.
              "disadvantaged youth" into state parks and forests. Because                  The New Jersey American Revolution Bicentennial Cele-
              of the capacity inadequacies of state recreational facilities to        bration Act will be the means of commemorating the significant
              handle all groups funded, transportation provisions have been           role which New Jersey played during the period of the American
              extended to other recreational and cultural facilities in New           Revolution and in the subsequent development of the United
              Jersey and metropolitan Philadelphia and New York.                      States.
                   In addition to the bussing program, the Act provides for 50-            The Act establishes in the, Department of Education a
              50 matching funds to municipalities and counties for the pur-           twenty-two member New Jersey Bicentennial Celebration
              chase and installation of recreational facilities and equipment.        Commission with the Governor as honorary chairman. This
              Grants have been authorized to the New Jersey Department of             Commission is empowered to plan and coordinate an overall
              Community Affairs for a Joint Youth Conservation Project on             statewide program in cooperation with cities, counties, regions,
              the Delaware and Raritan Canal in Trenton.                              and other appropriate public and private agencies. The Com-
                   To implement the program, the Legislature has appropri-            mission's duties also include cooperation with the Federal
              ated $500,000 per fiscal year on an annual basis.                       American Revolution Bicentennial Commission in coordinating
                                                                                      commemorative activities in the State.
              Environmental Education Act (N.J.S.A. 18A:6-80 et seq.)                      The Act authorizes the Commission to remain in existence,
              adopted August 4, 1971.                                                 together with the provisions of the Act, until June 30, 1984.
                   To promote an environmentally sensitive citizenry, knowl-
              edgeable regarding their interdependence with and responsi-             Liability Limitation Act (N.J.S.A. 2A:42A-2 et seq.) adopted
              bility for the total environment through improved environmental         June 21, 1968.
              education is the aim of the Environmental Education Act. This                One of the myriad of problems connected with the provi-
              Act authorizes the Commissioner of Education to promote the             sion of recreation facilities on private lands is the fear by the
              establishment and operation of local public and private ele-            owners that any injury or fatality resulting from the use of these
              mentary and secondary school environmental education pro-               facilities will entail a law suit against them. The purpose of the
              grams. In conjunction with the Commissioner of Environmental            Liability Limitation Act of 1968 is to assure the owner, lessee,
              Protection, the Commissioner of Education is authorized to              or occupant of private lands which are utilized for sport and
              develop and operate Regional Environmental Education Centers            recreation activities in certain cases that he does not assume
              and facilities which will aid in developing environmental educa-        responsibility or incur liability for any injury or fatality to the
              tion programs in each school district. This Act also designates         person or property utilizing his premises.

              156
<pb n="163" />

                    This Act does not limit the liability resulting from willful or       adoption and enforcement of regulations governing the sale,
               malicious negligence on the part of the owners or resulting on             use and applications of all pesticides."
               land for which a fee is charged over and above the fee paid to                  The same Act provides for the establishment of a nine-
               the owner by the State.                                                    member Pesticide Control Council to advise the Department of
                                                                                          Environmental Protection in matters of pesticide control, regu-
                                                                                          lation and use, and designates the School of Agriculture of
               Appalachian Trail Acquisition and Maintenance Act (N.J.S.A.                Rutgers, the State University, as a primary source of technical
               13:8-29 et seq.) adopted March 7, 1973.                                    and research assistance for the Department.
                    Virtually all of the 2,050 mile Appalachian Trail stretching               Membership of the council consists of six public members
               from Georgia to Maine yvill be under public protection shortly.            plus the New Jersey Secretary of Agriculture, Commissioner of
               The segments of the trail which pass through High Point State              Health and the Dean of the College of Agriculture and Environ-
               Park and Stokes State Forest are already under public owner-               mental Science of Rutgers University. The public members
               ship and the section extending from the lower boundary of                  include one farmer, one toxicologist, 'one ecologist and three
               Stokes State Forest to the trail's crossing into Pennsylvania at           members representing the public-at-large. Public members are
               the Delaware Water Gap will be acquired by the National Park               appointed by the Governor and he selects the chairman and
               Service as part of the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation              vice chairman from among them.
               Area. A sixteen mile section of the trail extending from High
               Point State Park to Abram S. Hewitt State Forest will not be               Noise Control Act (N.J.S.A. 18AG-1 et seq.) adopted January
               protected without public action. This Act authorizes the Depart-           24,1972.
               ment of Environmental Protection to acquire easements over
               the unprotected segments of the Appalachian Trail in New                        Under the Noise Control Act, signed into law by Governor
               Jersey.                                                                    William T. Cahill on January 24, 1972, the Department of Envi-
                                                                                          ronmental Protection is empowered to control the generation of
                                                                                          those levels of noise in the community which are or tend to be
               The Pesticide Control Act of 1971 (N.J.S.A. 13AF-1 et seq.)                injurious to human health or welfare or would unreasonably
               adopted June 1, 1971.                                                      interfere with the enjoyment of life or property.
                    The directive of the Pesticide Control Act of 1971 is that                 The Act also established a thirteen-member Noise Control
               regulations be established for controlling the sale, purchase,             Council. Its duties are to review noise problems and suggest
               transportation, labeling and use of any pesticide in New Jersey            corrective measures to the Department. It can veto regulations
               which might cause adverse effects on man or the environment.               proposed by the Commissioner.
                    Regulations will apply to everyone: home gardeners, farm-
               ers, orchardists and professional pesticide applicators as well            Waste Control Act (N.J.S.A. 13:11-1 et seq.) adopted February
               as public agencies under the jurisdiction of state, county or              21, 1973.
               local governments.
                    A section of the Act states, "Pesticides have been of value                In an effort to conserve New Jersey's dwindling supply of
               in preventing the outbreak of diseases and assuring bountiful              land suitable for solid waste disposal, the Waste Control Act
               production of agricultural crops, however, indiscriminate use              was  enacted by the New Jersey Legislature. The Act provides
               of pesticides in this State would constitute a serious threat to           for the control and regulation of the disposal within the State
               the environment;        this threat can be eliminated only by the          of solid and liquid waste collected outside of New Jersey.

                                                                                                                                                           157
<pb n="164" />

              Executive Orders                                                       tion and provision of staff services in matters relating to state
                                                                                     physical development.

              Creation of a State Planning Task Force, Executive Order #40,          Creation of an Advisory Council on the Future of the State
              adopted December 22, 1972.                                                  As the most densely populated state in the nation, New
                   To further the recognition of the role of the environment in      Jersey realizes that it is faced with major decisions regarding
              the development of the State and its resources, Governor               its future. Decisions made now concerning the environment
              William T. Cahill has established a State Planning Task Force to       and permissible development will shape the State's future for
              guide in coordinating state programs and activities which have         generations to come. These decisions must not be based solely
              an impact on the environment and growth of New Jersey. The             on economics; they should be formulated with specific goals in
              Task Force is authorized to prepare and maintain a compre-             mind.
              hensive state physical development plan, to advise the Gover-               The Advisory Council on the Future of the State has been
              nor on Land use program impacts, to review the relationship            created by Governor Cahill to look at the State's future and
              between the state capital development program and the                  make value judgments on the kind and degree of future
              physical development program, to coordinate federal planning           development in the State. The Council's recommendations on
              reviews, to assure integration of state planning policies with         the specific measures necessary to achieve the desired goals
              interstate planning agency plans, and to provide for coordina-         will be submitted to the Governor for his consideration.

                                                                                  71
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              158
<pb n="165" />

                                                            ACTION PLAN

                    In the preceding chapters, New Jersey's supply of recrea-         Philadelphia metropolitan centers, New Jersey has had almost
               tion resources, areas and facilities has been evaluated and            a 400% increase in population from 1,834,000 in 1900 to
               related to the present and projected demands for recreation            7,192,455 in 1970. Today, New Jersey leads the nation as the
               opportunities to derive the State's existing and future needs for      most densely populated state with 954 persons per square mile.
               recreation. The information gained through this process forms               This population increase and the growing affluence of the
               the basis for the Action Program presented in this chapter. The        nation's society have combined to impose an almost unbear-
               program is designed to be responsive to the needs of the State's       able pressure on both public and private recreation facilities
               citizens and to address the problems hindering provision       . of    and open space resources. In New Jersey, for instance, it is
               adequate outdoor recreation opportunities and a quality living         estimated that the total outdoor recreation demand on the
               environment.                                                           average weekend day in the peak season will reach nearly
                    This chapter includes a presentation of the major recom-          6,533,400 people by 1985 and 9,172,100 by the year 2000.
               mendations regarding implementation programs; a statement              These figures represent a gain of over 1.8 million people and
               of priorities guiding future actions; a discussion of scheduled        4.5 million people, respectively, over 1970.
               federal, interstate, state, county and municipal acquisition                 In view of the intense competition for public funds, it
               and development programs; an analysis of the funding sources
               for the scheduled action programs; proposals for new funding           appears highly unlikely that New Jersey's total needs for devel-
               programs; and a description of favorable pending and proposed          oped recreation facilities and open space land will be met in
               legislation relating to outdoor recreation and the environment.        the immediate future by massive, concurrent development and
                                                                                      acquisition programs. More logically, the State's needs will be
                                                                                      satisfied through a series of programs requiring a number of
                                                                                      years and large sums of money to complete. It follows that,
                                                                                      since limited funds prevent fulfillment of all needs at once,
               Priorities aud                                                         programs which meet the State's most pressing needs should
               Reemnineintildations                                                   receive priority; this requires application of a system which
                                                                                      objectively analyzes the merits of projects and permits the
                                                                                      ranking of proposals in order of importance. Allocation of
                    The demand for outdoor    recreation areas and facilities in      funds is then based upon the results of the priority system
               New Jersey, as elsewhere, is    growing at a fantastic rate. Due       analysis, with the highest ranking project receiving attention
               in large part to the State's proximity to the New York and             first.

                                                                                                                                                     159
<pb n="166" />

              PRIORITIES                                                              3.  Applying jurisdiction's open space and recreation facility
                                                                                          development roles and responsibilities.
                   STATEWIDE ACOUISITION AND                                          4.  Project's relationship to state, regional and local land use
                   DEVELOPMENT PRIORITIES                                                 and open space plans.
                   As part of the statewide comprehensive planning program,           Recreation Facility Development Priorities
              priorities were developed for acquisition and development               1 . Projects easily accessible to urban populations.
              actions proposed by all jurisdictions from the Federal Govern-          2.  Multi-use projects offering a wide variety of facilities.
              ment to municipalities and recreation commissions. These                3.  Projects to serve the needs of all groups including the
              priorities are designed to serve as general guidelines in the               elderly and physically handicapped.
              planning and implementation of recreation and open space                4.  Upgrading and reclaiming environmental resources for rec-
              projects across the State in order to encourage the proper                  reation uses.
              distribution of funds and the design of projects which                  Recreation Facility Development Priority Considerations
              will focus on the State's most pressing human needs and envi-           1 . Compatibility of the proposed development to the environ-
              ronmental concerns as identified in this plan. For each of the              mental character of the site.
              two categories, priority considerations were developed along            2.  Regional and statewide recreation facility needs.
              with the priorities to aid in judging the relative merits of            3.  Accessibility of the projects to the groups they are intended
              proposed projects and insure consistency with the funding and               to serve.
              recommendations of this plan.                                           4.  Facility development roles and responsibilities of the ju-
              Open Space Acquisition Priorities                                           risdiction proposing the project.
              1 . Urban open space.                                                   5.  Ability of the applying jurisdiction to operate and maintain
                                                                                          the facilities and to promote maximum use by the public.
              2.  Significant natural and cultural resources including out-           6.  Optimum use of the site's natural features.
                  standing scenic resources, coastal beaches and wetlands,            7.  Existence of recreation and open space master plans.
                  natural areas with rare or unique biotic communities, poten-        8.  Relation of project to other recreation areas offering similar
                  tial reservoir sites, aquifer recharge areas, flood plains and          opportunities.
                  historic sites.
              3.. Most desirable recreation development sites.
              4.  Public access to recreation resources with unrealized                    LAND AND WATER CONSERVATION
                  potential such as bays, rivers, lakes, and existing publicly             FUND PRIORITY SYSTEM
                  owned open space areas.                                                  In the early stages of the Land and Water Conservation
              5.  Private inholdings and bufferlands to protect the integrity
                  of existing open space areas.                                       Fund Program, it was possible to fund applications on a "first-
              6.  Open space in areas experiencing rapid growth rates.                come, first-serve" basis after project feasibility studies had
                                                                                      been completed. The program has gained momentum and a
              Acquisition Priority Considerations                                     constantly increasing number of requests and applications are
              1. Degree of threat of disruptive    development to the project         received from municipalities and counties. Because of the
                  area.                                                               limited amount of funds available it is impossible to fund every
              2.  Regional open space and recreation facility needs indenti-          project proposed. Therefore, it becomes desirable to fund first
                  fled in this plan.                                                  those projects which are more worthwhile than others.

              160
<pb n="167" />

                         In order to assure the equitable distribution of available                          6.  Roles and Responsibilities: (a) the extent to which the applying         30
                   funds and the fair evaluation of each project, a priority system                              jurisdiction is proposing a project which is recommended for
                   was devised in 1968 using demand and needs data from the                                      that level of government under the roles and responsibilities
                   1966 New Jersey Compreherfsive Outdoor Recreation Plan. In                                    discussion of this Plan; and (b) the extent to which the apply-          15
                   this system, points were assigned to several pertinent factors                                ing jurisdiction's responsibilities for each activity needs within
                   based on the importance of each factor as compared with                                       the region are being met by the proposed project.
                   the other factors.                                                                        7.  Rate of Growth: if the applying jurisdiction has a high pop-             12
                         Each project,was evaluated in terms of these factors and                                ulation growth rate, it will be given special consideration.
                   a "score" for that project was determined and was compared                                8.  Site Preparation and Landscaping Costs: the portion of the                  8
                   to scores given other projects in the same manner. An attempt                                 project's total cost devoted to site preparation and land-
                   was made to determine in the most objective manner possible                                   scaping will be determined with a high rating given to projects
                   the relative merits of each proposed project.                                                 with the lowest site costs.
                         Based on the use of the priority system over the past four                          9.  Type of Facilities Provided: the extent to which the proposed               5
                   years and the delineation of statewide priorities, revisions have                             project provides basic facilities as opposed to elaborate, spe-
                   been made in some of the original factors, some of the points                                 cialized facilities.
                   were changed and some new factors added. The new priority                                 10. Age Groups Provided For: the extent to which the proposed                   5
                   system draws upon the plan's updated supply and demand                                        project provides activities for one or more age groups with
                   analysis, the discussion of roles and responsibilities and in-                                highest points going to the project providing facilities for all
                   formation compiled by the Urban Needs Study.                                                  age groups.
                                                                                                             11. Needs'of the Underprivileged: the extent to which the pro-               15
                          Land and Water Conservation Fund Priority System                                       posed project provides for the special needs of the elderly,
                                                                                                                 the economically disadvantaged and the mentally or physically
                                                                                      Max. No. of                handicapped.
                   No.                   Factor Description                                   Points         12. Additional Features Provided: the extent to which        the pro-        10
                                                                                                                 posed project provides special features, such as          drinking
                   1.  1985 Activity Need by Region: the extent to which the                      15             fountains, etc.
                       proposed project provides the type of activities most needed                          13. Urban Needs: the applying jurisdiction is evaluated      to deter-
                       by the region in which the project is located.                                            mine (a) gross population, (b) population density, (c) regional     10,10,15
                   2.  1985 Activity Need Statewide: the extent to which the pro-                 15             percent urbanization, (d) the need for certain types     of urban        15
                       posed project provides the type of activities most needed to                              facilities based on the Urban Needs Study, and (e) percent               10
                       meet the need of the State as a whole for that activity.                                  urbanization within the intended service area.
                   3.  1985 Activity Need by Percent: the extent to which the pro-                  4
                       posed project provides the type of activities most needed in
                       terms of percent of need for those activities within the region.                      RECOMMENDATIONS
                   4.  Service Area and Accessibility: (a) the extent to which the                  8
                       proposed project falls within the particular jurisdiction's ser-                        GENERAL
                       vice area; and (b) the extent,to which the proposed project                10
                       is accessible by public or private transportation to residents                        0 In general, all levels of government should emphasize open
                       of the intended service area.                                                           space acquisition to preserve recreation resources that
                   5. Special and Innovative Facilities: facilities not included in the           10           would otherwise be lost for future public use while continuing
                       first three factors are evaluated here.                                                 to develop recreation areas in an orderly manner.

                                                                                                                                                                                         161
<pb n="168" />

              *  Each successive level of government should retain a greater            0  Appropriate funds for the implementation of the Federal
                 percentage of open space holdings in an undeveloped state                 Coastal Zone Land Management Act which provides federal
                 for conservation purposes.,                                               assistance to states in developing and maintaining land and
              *  Each level of government, consistent with its assigned re-                water use programs for the coastal zone.
                 sponsibilities, should provide the recreation facilities required      *  Develop the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area
                 to accommodate the unmet recreation demands identified in                 to accommodate a maximum annual rate of visitation of four
                 the Needs Chapter.                                                        million and restore provisions for family campground devel-
              *  Priority should be given to park and recreation areas that will           opment to the recreation plan.
                 be easily accessible to the people who are expected to use             0  Expedite the development of the Gateway National Recrea-
                 the areas.                                                                tion Area along the lines authorized by Congress.
              *  All levels of government should expand existing funding pro-           0  Endeavor to make available under the Surplus Property Pro-
                 grams for recreation development and open space acquisi-                  gram federal properties more meaningful in terms of poten-
                 tion, and establish new funding sources where needed.                     tial for park and recreation use, especially in urban areas,
              *  In keeping with the ecological balance of areas, expand ex-               in line with the Legacy of Parks Program.
                 isting and establish new nature interpretive facilities and            0  Continue to make available for general public hunting use
                 programs.                                                                 under sound wildlife management practices defined areas
              *  In general, each successive level of government should as-                within the extensive federal military holdings and expand the
                 sume a greater responsibility for providing larger areas of               program to include other federal military properties where
                 open space.                                                               the potential exists.
                                                                                        0  Open federal properties, where permissible, to public fishing
                 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT                                                        use.
              *  Continue and expand matching grant programs providing                  0  1 ncrease the funding level of the Recreation Support Program
                 funds to State and local governments for acquisition and de-              and revise the scope of the program to include smaller urban
                 velopment of open space and recreation areas while provid-                centers in need.
                 ing a sufficient level of revenue sharing funding to permit the        0  Provide additional funds for the Youth Recreation Sports Pro-
                 State and local governments to allocate a portion of the funds            gram so that more institutions of higher education may be
                 to recreational uses, especially maintenance and operation,               stimulated to operate recreation programs using college fa-
                 along with the other permitted uses.                                      cilities for disadvantaged youth and the programs can be
              *  Continue and expand funding programs for the planning and                 extended to year-round operations.
                 construction of water pollution abatement facilities.                  0  Passage of the proposal that would designate a 4,250 acre
              *  Integrate recreation planning as a significant part of inter-             section of the Brigantine National Wildlife Refuge as a com-
                 state and regional planning.                                              ponent of the National Wilderness Preservation System.
              *  Expand responsibilities to include providing sizable                      STATE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
                 recreation areas in close proximity to large urban complexes
                 of high population density.                                               Actively promote and support proposed legislation and
              *  Continue establishing and maintaining a recreational open                 programs that would have favorable environmental con-
                 space system embracing areas and sites of national interest               sequences such as state, regional, and local land use regu-
                 and concern.                                                              lations and air and water anti-pollution legislation.

              162
<pb n="169" />

               *  Establish new sources of funds for local and state open                   * Continue to develop multiple use reservoir areas such as
                  space acquisition and recreation facility development.                      Spruce Run, Round Valley, Six Mile Run, Allamuchy, and
               *  Continue to integrate recreation planning as part of total                  Allaire.
                  state land use planning.                                                  0 Administer significant areas of open space relative to con-
               *  Provide recreation programs and areas which serve all seg-                  servation, water management, and outdoor recreation
                  ments of the State's population including the economically                  activities which require extensive lands.
                  and physically handicapped, and encourage other levels                    0 Support legislation that would relieve the property tax burden
                  of government to provide similar programs and facilities.                   from non-profit conservation and environmental groups hold-
               *  Establish state park and recreation areas within or in close                ing open space for preservation purposes.
                  proximity to urban areas.                                                 0 Encourage the use of innovative techniques in urban areas to
               *  Protect the ecological balance along the coastal zones                      meet recreation space, facility, and program needs.
                  through effective implementation of the Wetlands Act, Clean               0 Encourage the Department of Transportation to consider the
                  Ocean Act, and related programs, and rigorous enforcement                   recreation needs of urban dwellers and the location of the
                  of the State's riparian laws and regulations.                               State's recreation facilities in mass transit planning.
               *  Actively pursue a program designed to utilize the recreation-             0 Assist local governments to preserve and protect existing
                  al potential of the State's inland and coastal surface water re-            and potential open space from despoliation resulting from
                  sources including cooperation with counties and municipali-                 incompatible development.
                  ties to provide local opportunities.                                      0 Provide technical assistance to the private sector on habitat
               *  Continue providing the administrative framework for water                   improvement programs.
                  quality management programs, funding for the construction                 0 Encourage utilization of available land use techniques such
                  of new water pollution abatement facilities and the upgrading               as planned unit development, cluster development, and new
                  of existing facilities, and enforcing the State Water Pollution             community development in an effort to retain significant
                  statutes.                                                                   open space.
               *  Step up programs to acquire the remaining rapidly disap-                  0 Encourage public and private agencies to establish new and
                  pearing natural areas of significance.                                      expand existing nature interpretive facilities and programs
               *  Protect significant natural and historic features by acquisi-               and assist these agencies by providing technical assistance.
                  tion, legislation or other effective methods.                             0 Encourage other levels of government and the private sector
               *  Establish a state system of scenic and recreational rivers to               to meet their recreation facility and open space responsibili-
                  protect and preserve the remaining unspoiled segments of                    ties.
                  rivers and streams in the State.                                          0 Work with privately and publicly owned watersheds to en-
               *  Establish a statewide system of interconnecting trails.                     courage multiple use of reservoirs and adjoining lands for
               *  Continue to provide outdoor recreation facilities and open                  public recreational purposes.
                  space areas of broad popular appeal with user fees within                 0 Work with utility companies to develop rights-of-way for
                  the financial capability of users.                                          hiking, horseback riding, and other recreation pursuits.
               *  Conduct research on various aspects of outdoor recreation                 0 Continue to enter into long-term lease agreements of state
                  pertaining to New Jersey and make the results of such inves-                lands for development and operation by the private sector of
                  tigations available to public and private agencies.                         specialized facilities beyond the financial capabilities of the

                                                                                                                                                             163
<pb n="170" />

                  State to provide, similar to the ones held by Great Gorge and              meeting community recreation needs and develop programs
                  Vernon Valley ski resorts.                                                 which maximize the use of available recreation resources.
               *  Increase the supply of fish and wildlife through expanded               0  Identify and use all available recreation resources including
                  rearing, stocking, and habitat improvement programs.                       lands and buildings under the control of local boards of edu-
               *  Cooperate with the Department of Transportation in a study                 cation.
                  of the feasibility of purchasing wider rights-of-way for new            0  Provide for citizen participation in the planning for recreation
                  highway construction to enable development of linear parks                 facilities.
                  and trails with picnicking and overnight transient facilities.          0  Adhere to sound land use principles which recognize the in-
               *  Cooperate with the Department of Transportation in the study               compatibility of certain uses and the necessity of retaining
                  of existing highway rights-of-way for linear park and trail                natural elements for a quality living environment.
                  development.                                                            0  Investigate the feasibility of using innovative techniques to
               *  Encourage the Department of Transportation to incorporate                  meet urban recreation space, facility and program needs.
                  walkways and parking areas for anglers in new bridge con-               *  Investigate innovative land use techniques such as planned
                  struction.                                                                 unit development, new communities -and cluster development
               *  Construct the planned trout hatchery at Pequest.                           and the methods established by state legislation and legal
                                                                                             precedent to control development and retain open space.
                  COUNTY GOVERNMENT                                                       *  Recognize the valuable contributions of privately owned
               *  Acquire, develop, maintain, and operate recreation areas to                recreation facilities in terms of open space and outdoor
                  serve the outdoor recreation needs of county residents.                    recreation and zone such properties accordingly, to avoid in-
               *  Use a portion of the federal revenue sharing funds to aug-                 advertently driving the establishments out of business
                                                                                             through high property taxes.
                  ment the recreation budget for open space acquisition,                     Cooperate with the State and counties to develop the recrea-
                  facility development and maintenance and operation pro-                    tional potential of water bodies.
                  grams.
               *  Provide intensely developed recreation facilities to supple-
                  ment municipal park systems and more extensive facilities                  PRIVATE SECTOR
                  such as golf courses and hiking trails to serve on an inter-
                  community basis.                                                           Non-profit conservation and      environmental groups should
               *  Cooperate with the State to develop the recreation potential               continue to acquire open space for preservation purposes,
                  of the water bodies in the county.                                         especially areas of ecological significance.
                                                                                             Farmers and other private large tract owners, in keeping
                  MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT                                                       with ecological limitations to carrying capacity, should con-
                                                                                             sider opening their lands to general public recreational use
               *  Provide and administer intensely developed, user-oriented                  in view of the state legislation relieving the private owner
                  facilities easily accessible to the local population.                      from liability except in cases of gross negligence or the
               *  Use a portion of the federal revenue sharing funds to aug-                 charging of fees for use.
                  ment the recreation budget for open space acquisition, facil-              Private commercial enterprises should develop day use and
                  ity development and maintenance and operation programs.                    overnight recreation facilities such as lake swimming and
               *  Recognize the importance of recreation programming in                      campgrounds where favorable market conditions exist.

               164
<pb n="171" />

                * Non-profit conservation and environmental groups should                   cisions based on the suitability of the site for the defined need
                  develop nature education and research centers to utilize the              and the accessibility of the site to the potential users.
                  potential of their holdings.                                              Federal-During the seven year period from 1971-77, the
                * Upon relief of the property tax burden, the private commer-               prime acquisition thrust will be at the Delaware Water Gap
                  cial sector should undertake development of extensive rec-                National Recreation Area in the Northwest Region where
                  reation facilities such as golf courses and campgrounds.                  30,290 acres of land will be acquired. The North Central Region
                                                                                            will benefit from the acquisition of 412 acres at the Great
                                                                                            Swamp National Wildlife Refuge. In the North Shore Region,
                Seheduled Program of Aetion                                                 the Barnegat National Wildlife Refuge will be enlarged by 1,849
                                                                                            acres and the 1,700 acre Sandy Hook unit of the Gateway
                1971-1977                                                                   National Recreation Area will be created. It should be noted
                                                                                            that federal programs do not attempt to coordinate with the re-
                     The needs for outdoor recreation opportunities in the State            gional recreation needs of the State; the selection of sites for
                of New Jersey are both great and varied. In order to make UP                National Recreation Areas, National Historic Parks, and Nation-
                for the deficiencies in the present recreation supply and to                al Wildlife Refuges are based on the outstanding qualities
                provide for the ever growing needs of the State, an orderly pro-            significant enough to warrant national consideration.
                gram for both the acquisition of land and development of
                                                                                            Sandy Hook
                facilities must be continued by a coordinated effort on all levels
                of government. The scheduled program of action indicates what
                progress can be made in meeting the State's needs over the
                next seven year period. The chief determent in the scheduled
                program of action will be the availability of capital funds.
                Further constraints within the action period are both time
                limitations and manpower capabilities.

                LAND AC9"SITION PROGRAM
                     The basic component and common denominator of all rec-
                reational activity is space, either land or water. The total State
                need in terms of land to be acquired by all jurisdictions at the
                year 1985 is slightly over 300,000 acres. The projected acqui-
                                                                                                                                       @Aa
                sition program in the seven year action period provides for the
                acquisition of 129,705 acres. (See Table 1.)
                     Despite the accelerated land acquisition program as the
                                                                                            ";z, W_,@wr
                result of the $80 million Green Acres Bond Issue of 1971, it
                is evident that available funds will not be sufficient to complete-
                ly fulfill the growing need. Therefore, selectivity in identifying
                high priority acquisition is essential. Each level of government
                will carefully analyze its land needs and make acquisition de-

                                                                                                                                                              165
<pb n="172" />

                  TABLE 1: SCHEDULED LAND ACOUISITION PROGRAM                                           0  Degree of threat of disruptive development to the proposed
                                1971-1977                                                                  project area;
                                (acres)                                                                 0  Regional open space and recreation facility needs;
                                                       Jurisdiction                                     0  Project's suitability based on agency's roles and responsi-
                       Region        Municipal      County     State        Federal      Total             bilities for acquisition and development;
                                                                                                        0  Project's relationship to state, regional, and local land use
                  Northwest             1,283       1,4,13     16,424        30,800      49,920            and open space plans.
                  North Central         2,992          115      7,552           192      10,851
                  Northeast              696        1,952          714                    3,362               After careful consideration of the above priority factors,
                  Central Corridor      1,755       1,273       4,754                     7,782         the State is currently proceeding on an implementation program
                  North Shore           2,474       1,537       8,618         4,832      16,919         to acquire the highest priority lands necessary to fulfill the
                  Southwest              723              0     8,143                     8,866
                  South Shore            838           80      22,821           582      24,321         established recreation needs. At the end of the action period,*
                  Delaware Bay           113           871      3,793         2,365       7,142         the State will have acquired approximately 73,000 acres. The
                  State Totals         10,874       7,241      72,819        38,771     129,705         following is a listing of the state projects approved under the
                                                                                                        Green Acres Program as of January 1, 1973:
                                                                                                                                                                 Assigned
                                                                                                              Project Name*                  Region              Jurisdiction     Acres
                  State-Although the State will expend $40 million on land                              Spruce Run/Clinton            Northwest             Parks &amp; Forestry        226
                  acquisition as the result of the second Green Acres Bond Issue,                       Pitstown/ Landsdowne          Northwest             Fish &amp; Game               45
                  the total needs for land cannot be met with available state and                       Delaware River                Northwest &amp;           P&amp;F &amp; F&amp;G               315
                  federal funding. Therefore land acquisition priorities were                              Access Sites               Central Corridor
                  developed to assure the best possible expenditure of available                        Allamuchy Mt.                 Northwest             P&amp;F                   3678
                  funds in meeting the State's recreation and open space needs.                         Pequest                       Northwest             F&amp;G                     170
                  The following priorities were applied to the State's proposed                         Wawayanda                     Northwest &amp;           P&amp;F                   4186
                  acquisition program for the action period. The order of listing                                                     North Central
                  does not necessarily reflect the degree of importance.                                Ringwood additions            North Central         P&amp;F                     463
                                                                                                        Black River                   North Central         F&amp;G                     282
                  * Areas possessing significant natural and cultural resources                         Assunpink                     Central Corridor      F&amp;G                   1400
                    including outstanding scenic resources, coastal beaches and                         Princeton Battlefield         Central Corridor      P&amp;F                       77
                    wetlands, natural areas with rare or unique biotic communi-                         Washington Crossing           Central Corridor      P&amp;F                       25
                    ties, potential reservoir sites, aquifer recharge areas, flood                      Manasquan River Area          North Shore           P&amp;F                   1900
                    plains and historic sites;                                                          Monmouth additions            North Shore           P&amp;F                     170
                  * Urban open space;                                                                   Cape May Wetlands             South Shore           P&amp;F &amp; F&amp;G             5051
                  * Most desirable recreation development sites reflecting                              Rancocas additions            Southwest             P&amp;F                     239
                    physical suitability and public accessibility;                                      Sims                          Southwest             P&amp;F                   3000
                  * Public access to recreation resources with unrealized poten-                        Delaware Bay Wetlands         Delaware Bay          F&amp;G                   2283
                    tial such as bays, rivers, lakes, and existing publicly owned                              During the latter      part of the action period the State will
                    open space areas;                                                                   identify additional acquisition projects meeting the priority
                  * Private inholdings       and bufferlands to protect the integrity of
                    existing open space areas;                                                            Appendix Q map entitled, "Major Public Open Space and Recreation Areas
                  * Open space in areas experiencing rapid growth rate;                                   in New Jersey" shows the locations of these state acquisition projects.

                  166
<pb n="173" />

                                  .7
                                                                                     becoming more common and local governments are actively
                                                                                     pursuing this avenue.
                                                                                          Within New Jersey, each municipality and county has
                                                                                     many and varied requirements for recreational land. Therefore,
                                                                                     the plan of implementation for local acquisition cannot be
                                                                                     geared to the identification of individual sites during the
                                                                                     seven year program. However, the following considerations
                                                                                     must be recognized, together with the aforementioned priori-
                                                                                     ties, in the evaluation of each acquisition so as to reflect the
                                                                                     degree of fulfillment of the State's acreage and facility needs.
                                                      Nk
         L
                         1C 1                                                        0  the degree to which the acquisition will meet established
                                                                                        local recreation needs;
                                                                                     0  conformance of the acquisition to the recreational needs of
                                                                                        the region;
                                                                                        the degree to which the acquisition satisfies acreage need
                                                                        tN
                                    7-                                                  based on established standards;
                                                                                        the acquisition's adherence to the accepted level of respon-
                                                                                               by the governmental agency;
                                                                                        si
                                                                                        physical factors affecting proposed use of the acquisition;
              Allarnuchy Mountain State Park                                            accessibility of the acquisition to the intended users.

              considerations necessary for approval. It     is not appropriate       CAPITAL IMPROVEMENTS
              at this point in time to identify specific   sites proposed for
              future acquisition. Many variable factors and changing condi-          PROGRAM
              tions must be thoroughly investigated prior to determining             Federal-Within the seven year action period, the Federal
              project feasibility. Therefore, the programmed effort by the           Government is embarking on two major projects within the
              State in future land acquisition will reflect regional recreation      State: the Gateway National Recreation Area and the Delaware
              needs tempered to priority considerations and economic fea-            Water Gap National Recreation Area (see Table 2). As the
              sibility.                                                              acquisition program at the Delaware Water Gap NRA progres-
              Municipalities and Counties -It is projected that local govern-        ses, the Park Service will begin to prepare the area for full
              ment in New Jersey will acquire approximately 18,000 acres of          development. Much of the capital development costs projected
              land for open space and recreational purposes during the               for the action period will be used for park support facilities.
              action period. The impetus for land acquisition by municipalities      However, two group camps and an environmental study center
              and counties is based on the availability of $40 million from          are scheduled for completion by 1977. These facilities will
              the Local Assistance Program under the second Green Acres              help meet the demand in the State's Northwest Region.
              Bond Issue. An additional incentive for land acquisition during             Since there is very little acquisition on the New Jersey
              this period is the possibility of receiving complimentary federal      section of the Gateway National Recreation Area, the major
              assistance from BOR or HUD so as to account for 100% fund-             emphasis during the action period will be on site planning and
              ing. The donation of land for open space and recreation is also        beach restoration at Sandy Hook in the North Shore Region.

                                                                                                                                                   167
<pb n="174" />

                         TABLE 2: FEDERAL AND INTERSTATE RECREATION                                                                                                 The capital improvements scheduled for the Morristown
                                               FACILITIES              SCHEDULED FOR DEVELOPMENT                                                           National Historic Park in the North Central Region are com-
                                               1971-1977                                                                                                   prised of both rehabilitation of existing facilities and the en-
                                                                                        FEDERAL                                   INTERSTATE               largement of visitor support facilities.
                                                      Delaware         Great                                                                                        Both the Brigantine National Wildlife Refuge in the South
                                                     Water Gap         Swamp            Morristown    Edison       Brigantine                              Shore Region and the Great Swamp National Wildlife Refuge
                                                      National         National         National      National      National        Palisades
                                                     Recreation        Wi Idlile        Historic      Historic       Wildlife       Interstate             in the North Central Region will provide new environmental
                                                         Area          Refuge            Park           Si te        Refuge           Park                 education centers and more nature trails within the seven
                         Region                      Northwest North Central North Central            Northeast South Shore         Northeast              year action period.
                         Swimming                            X                                                                                                      The Edison National Historic Site in the Northeast Region
                         Boating Access                      X                                                         X                                   will expend capital funds for rehabilitation of structures and
                         Fishing Access                      X
                         Outdoor Games &amp;                                                                                                                   the improvement of visitor support facilities.
                          Sports Facilities                  X                                                                          5
                         Bicycle Trails                                                                                             2 mi.                  State-Major emphasis during the seven year action period
                         Group Camping Areas                 X                                                                                             will be placed on the completion of three major day use recre-
                         Picnic Areas                        X                                                                          6
                         Hiking Trails                       X                            X                                                                ation areas in the Northwest Region (see Table 3). The state
                         Horseback Riding                                                                                                                  Division of Parks and Forestry has placed priority on the com-
                          Trails                             X
                         Nature Trails                                 12 mi.                                          X            7.5 mi.                pletion of Spruce Run Recreation Area and Round Valley Rec-
                         Nature Education                                                                                                                  reation Area in Hunterdon County and Wawayanda State Park
                          Centers                                        X                                             X                                   day use area in Sussex County. Each of the recreation areas
                         Nature Interpretive
                          Facilities                                     X                                                                                 when completed will provide varied recreational opportunities
                         Snow Skiing Slopes                                                                                             X                  for large numbers of people from both within the region and
                         Sledding Slopes                                                                                                X
                         Visitor Centers                     X                                            X                             X                  from neighboring regions within North Jersey.
                                                                                                                                                                    Round Valley Recreation Area - During the early portion of

                         TABLE 3:              STATE RECREATION FACILITIES SCHEDULED FOR DEVELOPMENT/ 1971-1977

                                                                            Swimming                                                                                                                                                              Outdoor
                                                                            Beaches                        Boating                        Fishing                            Camping                        Horseback           Nature          Games &amp;              Major
                                                                            (Feet of                        Rental                         Access Picnicking                   Family         Hiking          Riding           Walking             Sports           Support
                                        Area                 Region Shoreline) Ramps                      Liverles Marinas                 Points           Tables             Sites          Trails           Trails            Trails        Playfields Facitities

                            Round Valiey                     North-
                            Recreation Area                  west              1000               2             X              X                X               500              116            19                9                  X                2                 X

                            Spruce Run                       North-
                            Recreation         Area          west              1000                             X                               X               500                                                                  X                3                 X

                            Wawayanda                        North-
                            State Park                       west              1250               1             X                               X                 X                               X                                  X                4                 X

                         168
<pb n="175" />

                                                                                              Spruce Run Recreation Area -A major beach facility with
                                                                                        a capacity of over 2000 bathers is scheduled to be completed
                                                        to
                                                                                        in the early portion of the action period. The development in
                                                                                        sup
                                               Ka-                                          port of the beach will include a modular bathhouse complex,
                                                   POP.
                                                 7" @ 11-               _J              parking, entrance drive and control station. Also included in
                                                                                        first phase development is a fishing pier specifically designed
                                                                                        to accommodate the handicapped. Phase two development is
          00'r
                                                                                        scheduled for the latter part of the action period. This phase will
                                                                                        consist of several large picnic areas (total capacity of 500
                                                                                        tables) and a livery area for the rental of approximately 100
                                                     "10P
                                                                                        small rowboats and canoes.
                                                                                              Wawayanda State Park-The completion of the day use
                                                                                        area  at Wawayanda in upper Sussex County is scheduled for
                                                                                        the end of the action period. Development will include the
                                                                                        completion of the beach with a capacity of over 2500 bathers,
                                                                                        a bathhouse, several picnic areas and open playfields, the
               Spruce Run Recreation Area                                               entrance drive, a park control station and parking. A boathouse
                                                                                        for the rental of rowboats and a boat launching ramp will also be
               the action period,  the State will complete the construction of          included in the development.
               116 wilderness camping sites around the bowl of the Round                      Sanitary Facilities Program-in an effort to upgrade the
               Valley Reservoir. The sites will only be accessible by small             sanitary facilities at most state parks and forests, a four year,
               boat or the utilization of over 9 miles of new hiking and bridle         four phase program will be initiated and completed within the
               trails. Development of the day use area is scheduled for the             action period. Although the conversion to flush toilets and the
               latter portion of the action period. Initial development of the          construction of new comfort stations and laundry-washhouse
               day use area took place in 1967 and 1968 when a dike was                 buildings does not directly make up the deficiencies in recre-
               built to create a protected recreational water level in a small          ation supply, these added facilities do extend the use of existing
               cove of the Reservoir. A sand beach with a capacity of approx-           recreation areas and add to the enjoyment of the recreational
               imately 2000 bathers was built at the same time. In order to             experience. Development is programmed in every region with
               complete the day use facility, development now scheduled by              the exception of the Northeast.
               the Division of Parks and Forestry includes a major access                     Bicentennial Celebration-The State of New Jersey will
               road to the day use area, internal entrance roads, a control             commemorate the 200th annivers         ary of our country with
               station, a bathhouse, parking, game areas, picnic areas, com-            appropriate recreation development at Batsto in the South
               fort facilities and a maintenance/administration center. The             Shore Region, and Monmouth Battlefield and Allaire Village in
               Division of Fish, Game and Shellfisheries will complete a boat           the North Shore Region and other historic sites. Initial develop-
               launching facility adjacent to the day use area. The primary             ment at each site is programmed to be completed and open to
               function of the boat ramps will be for fishing access to the             the public by 1976.
               Reservoir and for boat access to the Wilderness Camping Area.
               By the end of the action period, a major boating facility will           Interstate-The Palisades Interstate Park Commission pro-
               be constructed. Provisions for the facility will include a boat          poses to develop a 15 acre site just south of the George Wash-
               rental livery and individual boat moorings.                              ington Bridge into a historic park to commemorate the Bicen-

                                                                                                                                                         169
<pb n="176" />

               tennial. The Fort Lee Historic Park will include a visitor                 games and sports. Municipal governments in suburban areas
               information center, reconstruction of original fortifications              have greater flexibility in providing recreational services by
               including the gun batteries and magazines, picnic areas, open              virtue of a better economic base and, generally, the availability
               playfields and walking trails.                                             of open space suitable for recreation. Capital development
                                                                                          projects will include both neighborhood parks and community
               Municipalities and Counties-it is virtually impossible to                  wide parks. Facilities typically found in suburban recreation
               accurately estimate the seven year capital development pro-                development include ballfields, basketball, tennis and other
               gram for the 567 municipalities and 21 counties in the State               types of game courts, passive areas, and play equipment.
               of New Jersey. The very nature of general purpose local                    Provisions for ice skating on flooded game courts or a small
               government, where capital decisions generally rest with elected            pond and limited picnic areas are also typical in suburban
               officials responsive to the needs and desires of interested                parks. Additional local emphasis will be placed on meeting the
               groups, dictate short range capital planning as a pragmatic                demand for nature interpretation by providing areas and facil-
               approach to providing municipal services and facilities. There-            ities specifically reserved from active recreation for use in
               fore, the implementation program for local development cannot              nature study.
               be aimed at the identification of specific projects. Rather,                    Swimming needs in suburban communities can best be
               the program is presented to pinpoint the types of recreational             met by providing community swimming pools. Greatest empha-
               opportunities most needed to fulfill the regional demands. The             sis in swimming should be placed on communities in the North-
               implementation program is further broken down to assign                    east and Central Corridor regions.
               specific responsibilities to the inner cities, to the suburban                  Rural Communities- In many instances these areas will
               communities, to the rural communities, to those counties with              be taking initial steps in providing municipal recreation oppor-
               established park systems, and to those emerging counties.                  tunities during the action period. Again, outdoor games and
                    Inner Cities- Generally the recreational needs of          New        sports areas will receive primary consideration. The rural
               Jersey's cities are similar and cannot be differentiated by                community needs will be manifested in basic facilities, such as
               planning regions. The. lack of mobility and economic latitude              baseball or football fields and game courts. Priority will be
               demand that recreation services be placed close to the users.              given to those communities experiencing rapid growth.
               The greatest municipal need of the cities is for outdoor games                  Counties-The role of county government in providing
               and sports areas. Because of the demands on city land, most                outdoor recreational opportunities in New Jersey is most impor-
               urban projects must utilize relatively small spaces and be                 tant. Generally, those counties within the Northeast, North
               oriented to the neighborhood. Urban projects will be typified              Central, Central Corridor and North Shore regions have estab-
               by tot lots, playgrounds, game courts, senior citizens passive             lished county park systems and on-going recreation programs.
               areas or combinations of the above. If open space permits,                 It is generally accepted that these county park commissions
               ballfields and play areas will be provided. Prime consideration            have the responsibility of providing regional parks and special-
               will be given those projects that provide innovative uses of               ized facilities which cannot for financial reasons be built,
               urban open space.                                                          operated or maintained by municipalities. Established county
                    Most cities have a great need for facilities to accom-                park commissions will fulfill a portion of the regional demand
               modate swimming. This is especially true in the urban North-               for outdoor games and sports. County parks will bear most of
               east Region. The need will be met by the provision of neighbor-            the burden for providing specialized facilities such as golf
               hood swimming pools as a priority consideration.                           courses and major tennis centers. Countywide needs for ball-
                   Suburban Communities- Within every planning region                     fields and athletic complexes will also be met by county park
               there must be provided additional opportunities for outdoor                commissions.

               170
<pb n="177" />

                                     Most artificial ice rinks constructed during the action                                                                 lished, limited development will follow on newly acquired lands.
                             period will fall within the responsibility of established county                                                                Provisions for outdoor games and sports, picnicking, fishing,
                             park commissions. To a lesser degree, provisions for ice                                                                        and nature interpretation will have priority as initial develop-
                             skating on ponds and lakes will be provided by counties.                                                                        ment.
                                     In helping to meet the needs of each region, the counties                                                                        Certain data is available on projects funded through the
                             will provide a substantial portion of the facilities for picnicking,                                                            Land and Water Conservation Fund Program and scheduled to
                             nature interpretation, trails, and group camping. Counties to                                                                   be completed during the action period. The compilation of this
                             a limited degree will provide family camping and snow skiing                                                                    data is incorporated in Table 4, "County Facilities" and Table
                             as natural conditions permit.                                                                                                   5, "Municipal Facilities". The recreation facilities to be devel-
                                     Most of the counties in the Northwest, Southwest, South                                                                 oped are reflective of types of projects currently being con-
                             Shore, and Delaware Bay regions will be considering for the                                                                     sidered by local government in New Jersey. However, since the
                             first time the provision of recreational services as a function                                                                 Land and Water Conservation Fund Program cannot attempt to
                             of county government. Therefore a land acquisition program will                                                                 fund all local development, the data should not be interpreted
                             receive primary consideration for these counties during the                                                                     as a comprehensive schedule of all development occurring at
                             action period. Once the acquisition program has been estab-                                                                     these levels.

                             TABLE 4: COUNTY RECREATION FACILITIES                                                                                           TABLE 5: MUNICIPAL RECREATION FACILITIES
                                                 SCHEDULED FOR DEVELOPMENT / 1971-1977                                                                                           SCHEDULED FOR DEVELOPMENT /1971-1977

                                                              North-     North    North- Central     North    South-   South Delaware                                                               North- North        North- Central     North South- South Delaware
                             Activity         Facility        west       Central  east     Corridor Shore west         Shore   Bay            Totals         Activity             Facility          west      Central   east  Corridor Shore west         Shore   Bay            Totals

                    Swimming             Pools                                      1                           5                             6              Swimming          Pools                                    7                  1                 1     3             12
                                         Beaches (Acres)                 0.1                   1                                              1.1                              Shoreline (Feet)                                                           250                    250
                    Boating              Ramps                                                          1                                     1              Boating           Ramps                                                       1                 1                   2
                    Camping              Family (Sites)                  45                                                                   45             Hiking            Trails (Miles)                                              .2      1.8                           2.0
                    Hiking               Trails (Miles)                  2          6                   3.5                                   11.5           Bicycl Ing        Trails (Mi les)                                                     .8        1.3                 2.1
                    Bicycling            Trails (Miles)                                                         2.5                           2.5            Nature Walking    Trails (Miles)                           1.1                        .3        .5                  i.9
                    Horseback Riding     Trails (Miles)                  1                                                                    1              Picnicking        Tables                                   62                 72      47                            181
                    Nature Walking       Trails (Miles)                  1.5        4.7        5        3.5                                   14.7           Ice Skating       Natural Areas  (Acres)         1.5       .5                         .5        .5                  3.0
                    Picnicking           Tables                        152        375          8      165      24                             724                              Artificial Areas (Acres)                                                      .5                  .5
                    Ice Skat I ng        Natural Areas   (Acres)                    0.5        1.5     40                                     42             Outdoor Games
                    Snow Skiing          Areas                           1          1                                                         2                and Sports      Playgrounds                    6         19        3        8       9         4                   49
                    Outdoor Games                                                                                                                                              Badminton Courts                         2                                                        2
                      and Sports         Playgrounds                     1          2                   1                                     4                                Baseball Fields         1      5         11        7        9       19                            52
                                         Baseball Fields                 3          5          4                                              12                               Basketball Courts              2         17        4        13      5                             41
                                         Basketball Courts                                     8                                                                               Football/Soccer Fields                   7                  3       6                             16
                                         Football/Soccer                                                                                                                       Handball Courts                3         8         4        8                                     23
                                            Fields                                  3          2                                              5                                Horseshoe Courts                                   4                                              4
                                         Shuffleboard                                                                                                                          Multi-purpose Courts           1         1                          2         1                   3
                                            Courts                                                      4                                     4                                Open Playfields                          3                          1                             4
                                         Tennis Courts                             23         10        9                                     42                               Running Tracks (1/. mi.                  2                                                        2
                                                                                                                                                                               Shuffleboard Courts                      2                                                        2
                                                                                                                                                                               Softball Fields                1         3                          2                             6
                                                                                                                                                                               Tennis Courts                  3         23      30         24      14                            94

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            171
<pb n="178" />

                                 Funding                                                                                                                                                         ment program at the Interstate level will be derived from a
                                                                                                                                                                                                 variety of sources including appropriations of the member
                                                 Funds to finance the $244,364,000, cost of the acquisition                                                                                      states. (Refer to Tables 6 and 7.)
                                 and development programs scheduled for completion between
                                 1971 and 1977 will be derived from municipal, county, state,                                                                                                               SOURCES OF FUNDS FOR SCHEDULED
                                 interstate, and federal appropriations and bond issues. The                                                                                                                ACQUISITION AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS
                                 state level will be the single largest source of funds,                                                                                                                    1971-1977
                                 $122,731,900 or 50.2% of the total; this is due primarily to the
                                 $104,292,400 made available through three bond issues for                                                                                                       JURISDICTIONAL ANALYSIS
                                 state and local open space and reservoir acquisition. The Fed-
                                 eral Government through its matching fund programs (Land                                                                                                        Municipal Level-The estimated cost of the scheduled munic-
                                 and Water Conservation Fund and the Department of Housing                                                                                                       ipal acquisition and development programs (excluding HUD
                                 and Urban Development's Open Space Program) and its own                                                                                                         funded projects) amounts to $62,936,200. Municipal bonds
                                 acquisition program follows the State as a source of funds                                                                                                      and appropriations will finance nearly 50% ($31,353,100) of
                                 by providing $63,029,900. To finance local acquisition and                                                                                                      the program costs. These municipal funds will be matched by
                                 development programs, municipalities and counties will spend                                                                                                    state funds under the Green Acres Programs which will provide
                                 $51,956,900 obtained through municipal and county bond                                                                                                          almost 45% or $28,140,700, and the Federal Land and Water
                                 issues and appropriations to match the state and federal                                                                                                        Conservation Fund (L&amp;WCF) which will provide over 5% or
                                 funding programs. Funds to support the $6,645,000 develop-                                                                                                      $3,442,400.

                                 TABLE 6: SOURCES OF FUNDS                                                                                                                                       TABLE 7: SOURCES OF FUNDS
                                                          FOR SCHEDULED ACQUISITION PROGRAM                                                                                                                                FOR SCHEDULED DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS
                                                          1971-1977                                                                                                                                                        1971-1977

                                                                                  State                                                                                                                               Municipal I        County'
                                 Municipal 1     County,          1961            1971                                                   Federal                                                                      Bonds or          Bonds or         State           Interstate                   Federa12
                                 Bonds of        Bondaor          Green           Green            Water                Assistance
                                 Appro-          Appro-           Acres           Acres         Resources                          HUD-                                                                               Appropri-          Appropri-       Appropri-       Appropri-          Assistance
               Region            priations       P,i.ti..s   Bond issue        Bond issue          Fund         L&amp;WCF-             (State)       NPS- Acqulsitim2              Total                                  ations            ations           ations          ations             L&amp;WCF           Development             Total            Total

         Northwest               S1,188,150      $776.000   S     302.700      $14.585.950   $ 2.500.000 S 7,047,400           S   140,000                 $3,000.000      S   29,540.200        Northwest            $       1,000   $                $12,814,300                        $12,392,800       $ 2,812,000        $15,204,800       $28,020,100
         North Central           4,686.100       145.200          665,900      9,391.200        5.018,300         1.588,000        400,000                     681.000         22.575.700        North Central             184,750        435,750            666,800                        1,270,300          5,330,200         6,600.500           7,887,800
         Northeast               8,091,900       5,336,250     1.196.700       16.260,550                           800,000                                                    31.685 400
         Central Corridor        3.912,300       867,700          632.800      5.319.900        12,058,100          70.000       2,635.000     $75.000                         25.570.800        Northeast               1,471,650        937,000            75.000      $6,645,300         2,408,650          2.087,000         4,495,650           13,624,600
         North Shore             7,581.550       2.371.300        806.000      18.687.050       3,299.500           150,000        175.000                   1.485,000         34,555,400        Central Corridor          422,000        684,700            270,600                        1,252,900                             1,252,900          2,630,200
         Southwest               1,170,100                        271.200      3,679,000                            895.000       1.100.000                                    7.115.300         North Shore               432,200        386,750        2,456,100                            965,450                               965,450          4,240,500
         South Shore             1,184,200       250,000          159@200      8.395.400                          1,462.500                                    244.000         11.695.300        Southwest                 481,850          42,500           225,600                          749,950                               749,950          1,499,900
         Delaware Bay            211.450         175.000          60,500       1.002.450                            200,000                                  2,155.000         3.804.400         South Shore               238,450                       1,683,200                            568,350             350,400           918,750          2,840.400
         State Totals            $28,025,750     $9.921@450  $4,095,000        $77.321.500   $22,875.900 S12,212,900           $4.450,000 S75,000 $7.565.000               $166,542.500          Delaware Bay              95,500                            157.900                          253,400                               253,400            506,800
                                                                                                                                                                                                 Statewide                                                   90,000                             90.000                              90,000             180,000
         *L&amp;WCF - Land and Water                 Conservation Fund                                                                          Local HUD Program              S 12.924,800          State Totals         $3,327.400      $2.486,700 $18,439,500             $6.645,500 $19,951.800             $10,579,600 $30,531,400              $61,430.300
         HUD - Department of Housing and Urban Development (State acquisition
                   on@y) -       Local program, unassignable to regions        .amou nted to $6,462,400,                           Total Acquisition Program               S179.467.300          'Funds used to match the Land and Water Conservation                    Fund Program                                Local HUD Program           $ 3,466,400
         NIPS - Na jonaJ Park Service lSale acquisition only).                                                                                                                                   Does not include the local funds used to match the Department of
         'Funds used to match the State Green Acres Programs.                  Does not include                                                                                                  Housing and Urban Development s monies available under its open                                            Total Development Program            $64.896,700
         the local funds used to match HUD monies, $6,462,400.                                                                                                                                   space program, $1,733,200
         2Does not include the acquisition costs of the Delaware               Water Gap                                                                                                         21-ocal HUD funds ($1,733,200) were not assignable to regions and
         National Recreation Area.                                                                                                                                                               therefore were not included.

                                 172
<pb n="179" />

                              TABLE 8: MUNICIPAL SCHEDULED ACQUISITION                                                                                               TABLE 10: COUNTY SCHEDULED ACQUISITION
                                                   PROGRAM* 1971-1977 (cost)                                                                                                                PROGRAM                      1971-1977 (cost)
                   Region             1971              1972          1973              1974          1975           1976           1977         Total               -7.7.                  1971         1972           1973           1974            1975            1976          1977           Total
                 Northwest                                        S     90.000    S     942.000  S    896.800     S  637.500                  S 2.466.300            Northwest                                                        S1.552.000                                               S1.552.000
                 North Central        S17.500      S    15.000         192.200          3.086.000     3.140.500      2.921.000                9.372.200              North Central                                  S 290.500                                                                       290.500
                 Northeast            37.000            182.000      3,500.100          5.339.000     2@8313.800     4.288.900                16.183,800             Northeast           $34.000                      5.315.000        6.823,500                   S   100.000                 12.272.500
                 Central Corridor     442.800           638.900      1.981.000          1.028,000     392.400        3,481.400                7.964,500              Central Corridor      8,000        S94.000                        1.083.400                       550.000                 1.735,400
                 North Shore          65.000            171.000      8,064.500          1.116,800     2.802,400      2.943.400                15.163.100             North Shore                                      4.274.500                                        468.100                 4.742.600
                 Southwest            77M0              195.200        315.200          337.500       1.415.300                               2@340,200              Southwest
                 South Shore                            92,800                          197.000       1.850,000      228,600                  2.368,400              South Shore                                                         500.000                                                    500.000
                 Delaware Bay                                                           76.9GO          61.000       285.000                     422.900             Delaware Bay                                                        244.000      $106.000                                      350.000
                 State Totals         $639.300     $1.294.900     $14.143.000      $12.023.200    $13@395.200     $14385,800                  $56.281,400            State T.1als        $42,000        S94.000      S9,880,000     S10.202.900       S106.000      $1,118.100                $21.443.000

                 *Does not include the open space matching fund program administered by the Department of Housing and         Urban Development.                     'Does not include the open  space matching fund program administered by     the Department of Housing and Urban Development.
                 The available information did not permit the assignment of funds to individual regions or to specific levels of government.                         The available information   did not permit the assignment of funds to individual regions or to specific levels of government.
                 Collectively. municipalities ano counties received $6.462.400 for open space acquisition in 1971 and 1972.                                          Collectively, municipalities and counties received S6,462,400 for open space acquisition in 1971 and 1972.

                                      Municipal recreation development presently qualifying                                                         for              County Level-Scheduled county acquisition and development
                              L&amp;WCF             assistance                 will         require            expenditures                    totaling                  projects (excluding HUD funded projects) are estimated to
                              $6,654,800 (see Table 8). Municipalities will finance 50% of                                                                           cost $26,416,400. County appropriations and bonds issues
                              the cost ($3,327,400) and the Land and Water Conservation                                                                              will account for 47% ($12,408,200) of the expenditures, the
                              Fund will provide the remaining $3,327,400.                                                                                            State Green Acres Programs 41% ($10,721,500), and the Land
                                                                                                                                                                     and Water Conservation Fund 12% ($3,286,700).
                                      Acquisition projects estimated to cost $56,281,400 have                                                                                Fifty percent of the scheduled county acquisition program
                              been scheduled by municipalities during the period between                                                                             ($21,443,000) will be financed by the State ($10,721,500)
                              1971 and 1977 (see Table 9). Municipalities will provide just                                                                          (see Table 10). County funds will finance 46% of the acquisition
                              under one half of the funds ($28,025,700), the State 50%                                                                               costs ($9,921,500) and the Land and Water Conservation Fund
                              ($28,140,700), and the L&amp;WCF less than 1% ($115,000).                                                                                  will fund 4% ($800,000).

                              TABLE 9: MUNICIPAL SCHEDULED DEVELOPMENT                                                                                               TABLE 11: COUNTY SCHEDULED DEVELOPMENT
                                                   PROGRAM* 1971-1977 (cost)                                                                                                                PROGRAM* 1971-1977 (cost)

                                         1971           1972            1973            1974           1975          19761      19771            Total                  Region           1971            1972            1973            1974           1975           1976,        1977'           Total

                 Northwest                              $ 2,000                                                                               $    2,000             Northwest
                 North Central                          188,500      $    14,000        $167.000                                                 369,500             North Central                     $ 64,000         $95,000                      $ 712,500                                 $ 871,500
                 Northeast            $155,000          530.000          635,200        1,623.100                                             2,943,300              Northeast                           240,000         88,000      $ 546,000         1,000,000                                    1,874,000
                 Central Corridor       33,000          86@000           507,500        53,000        $164,500                                   844,000             Central Corridor                    120,000                        1.000,000        249.400                                    1,369,400
                 North Shore                            39,000           386.800        438.600                                                  864,400             North Shore                                        297,500          476,000                                                    773,500
                 Southwest                              12,700           246,400        704.600                                                  963,700             Southwest                                                             85,000                                                   85,000
                 South Shore                                             350,700        126,200                                                  476,900             South Shore
                 Delaware Bay                                            191,000                                                                 191.000             Delaware Bay

                 State Totals         $168,000          $856.200      $2.331,600        $3,112,500    $164.500                                $6,654,800             State Totals                      $424,000         $4BO,500      $2,107,000     $1.96l,goo                                $4,973,400

                 *Does not include the open space matching    fund program administered by the Department of Housing and Urban Development.                          *Does not include the open space matching fund program administered by      the Department of Housing and Urban Development.
                 The available information did not permit the assignment of funds to individual regions or to specific levels of government.                         The available information did not permit assignment of funds to individual regions or to specific levels of government.
                 Collectively, the municipalities and counties received $1,733,200 for recreation development ir, 1971 and 1972                                      Collectively, the counties and municipalities received $1,733,700 for recreation development in 1971 and 1972.
                 'Land and Water Conservation Fund monies have not been committed for projects scheduled to be completed in these years.                             'Land and Water Conservation Fund monies have not been committed for projects scheduled for completion in these years.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         173
<pb n="180" />

                           TABLE 12: STATE SCHEDULED ACQUISITION PROGRAM                                                                                            Over 50% ($42,554,300) of the state's scheduled acquisi-
                                                 1971-1977             (cost)                                                                              tion program ($81,253,100) will be financed by funds derived
               Region      1     1971            1972         1973          1974          1975           1976           1977            Total              from the Green Acres Bond Issues (see Table 12). In addition,
           Northwest         $ 37,600      $ 252,000     $ 3,738,000     $6,316,800    $2,850,800      $5,827,500    $ 3,500,000    $22,521 ,900           the Water Resources Fund will finance 28% ($22,875,900).
           North Central         646,100         619,900,     4,900,000    2,614,000     1.800,000       150,000        1,500,000     12,232,000           The L&amp;WCF program is expected to provide $11,297,900
           Northeast             1,063,200   2,158,100           7.800                                                                3,229,100            (14%), and the                       HUD program is expected to provide
           Central Corridor      40,900                       13,915,000    515.000      1,200,000       200,000                      15,870,900
           North Shore           644,200         930,200      8,212,300     350,000      1,400,0W        328,000        1,300,000     13,164,700           $4,450,000 or 5% of the costs.
           Southwest                             135,100                    800,000                    2,690,000        1,150,000     4,775,100                     The scheduled state development program will cost
           South Shore           37,200          75,700       875,000                    1,500,0w        395,000        5,700,000     8,582,900
           Delaware Bay            3,500         57,000                     400,000         96,000                        320,000       876,500            $32,577,200 (see Table 13). State appropriations amounting
           State Totals      $2,474,700    $4,223,000    $31,648,100 $10,995,800       $8,846,000      $9,590,500    $13,470,000    $81.253,100            to $18,439,500 will finance 57% of the costs and the L&amp;WCF
                                                                                                                                                           program is expected to provide the remaining $14,137,700.
                                   Scheduled            recreation development at the county level Will                                                    Interstate Level-The Palisades Interstate Park Commission
                           cost $4,973,400 (see Table 11). The counties will share the                                                                     will finance its $6,645,300 development program using various
                           costs equally with the Land and Water Conservation Fund Pro-                                                                    fund sources. Appropriations from the states of New Jersey
                           gram.                                                                                                                           and New York are the primary sources of the Commission's
                                                                                                                                                           funds. In addition, the Commission obtains funds from user
                           State        Level-Scheduled state acquisition and development                                                                  fees and property rentals. (See Table 14.)
                           programs will cost $113,830,300 between 1971 and 1977.                                                                          Federal Level -Congressional appropriations will provide the
                           Funds from the two Green Acres Bond Issues will account for                                                                     funds necessary to carry out the scheduled federal acquisition
                           38% ($42,554,300) of the costs. The Water Resources Fund                                                                        and development program ($18,144,600) and the acquisition
                           will provide another 20% ($22,875,900) and state appropri-                                                                      costs of the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area,
                           ations will amount to $18,439,500 or 16%. Federal funds from
                           the Department of Housing and Urban Development open                                                                            which are not included in the present schedule for the lack
                           space program, the Land and Water Conservation Fund pro-                                                                        of information (see Tables 15 and 16). Receipts of fees charged
                           gram and the National Park Service will account for the re-                                                                     for use of certain federal areas and facilities, proceeds from
                           maining 26% ($29,960,600).                                                                                                      the sale of certain federal surplus Properties and annual
                                                                                                                                                           Congressional                  appropriations are expected                                       to        provide
                           TABLE 13: STATE SCHEDULED DEVELOPMENT PRO                                                                GRAM                   $32,164,700 in matching funds available to state and local units
                                                 1971-1977              (costs)                                                                            of government under the Land and Water Conservation Fund.
                                                                                                                                               -           The HUD funds, amounting to $12,645,600 for all governmental
             Region              1971            1972         1973          1974          1975           1976           19.77         Total                levels, have been provided by Congressional appropriations.

           Northwest         $1,618,500    $1,300,800    $3,261,800      $4,220,000    $5,055,000      $4,960,000    $4,790,000     $25,206,100
           North Central         375,400         369,200      17,DOO        555,000                                                   1,316,600
           Northeast                             24.000       51,000                                                                      75,000           TABLE 14: INTERSTATE
           Central Corridor      10,000          64.400       232,400       110,000                                                     416,800                                  SCHEDULED DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM
           North Shore           75,300          441,300      1,936,000     150,000                                                   2,602,600
           Southwest                             372,000      79,200                                                                    451,200                                  1971-1977 (cost)
           South Shore           132.000         500,900      1,380,200                                                               2,013,100
           Delaware c3ay                         315,800                                                                                315,800                            1971      1072         1973           1974          1975          1976           1977          Total
           Statewide'                                         180,000                                                                   180,000            Northeast                           $1,427,3DO      $5,218,000                                               $6,645.300

           State Totals      $2,211,200    $3,388,400    $7.137,600      $5,035,000    $5,055,000      $4,960,000    $4.790,000     $32,577,200            State Totals                        $1,427,300      $5,218,000                                               $6,645,300

           'Funds are not assignable to any one region.
                           174
<pb n="181" />

                                TABLE 15: FEDERAL                                                                                                                  acquisition and development projects costing $64,329,400 will
                                                      SCHEDULED ACQUISITION PROGRAM*                                                                               be financed on a 50-50 matching basis. Of the total L&amp;WCF
                                                      1971-1977 (cost)                                                                                             monies, $32,164,700, 62% ($19,951,800) will be used for
                   Region             1971         1972            1973            1974          1975            1976           1977            Total              recreation development and the remaining 38% ($12,212,900)
                  Northwest                     $3,000.000                                                                                   $3,000,000            will be used for acquisition.
                  North Central                     475.000      $200,000      $ 6.000                                                           681.000                    Scheduled state projects will receive 79% ($25,435,600)
                  Northeast
                  Central Corridor                                                                                                                                 of the L&amp;WCF monies and scheduled local projects will receive
                  North Shore                       135.000        250.000       425.000        $450.000      $ 225.000                        1,485.000           21% ($6,729,100). The substantial difference between these
                  Southwest                                                                                                                                                entages does not indicate a distribution preference in
                  South Shore                       174.000        70,000                                                                        244,000           perc
                  Delaware Say                                                                   420.000         1.000.000     $735,000        2,155.000,          favor of state projects; rather, the disparity can be attributed
                  State Totals                   $3.784,000      $520.000      $431,000         $870.000      $ 1,225,000      $735.000       $7,565,000           to the inability to predict the location and nature of future local
                       not include the acquisition costs   Ifor the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area.                                                   projects. Only local projects already qualified for L&amp;WCF
                                                                                                                                                                   funding were included in the scheduled programs, while all
                                TABLE 16:             FEDERAL                                                                                                      planned state projects for which L&amp;WCF funding was antici-
                                                      SCHEDULED DEVELOPMENT                                        PROGRAM*                                        pated were included. It is expected that the final distribution of
                                                      1971-1977 (cost)                                                                                             L&amp;WCF monies to state and local projects will be nearly equal
                                     1971          1972            1973          1974           1975            1976            1977           Total               during the seven year period.
                  Northwest                                                   $1,906,000 $ 193,000           $ 425,000        @288,000       $2,812,000                     At the state level, 56% ($14,137,700) of the L&amp;WCF
                  North C ntral                  $42,000       $   773.200      1,077,500       1,176,500       2,038,000       223,000       5,330,200
                  Northea:t                       54,000           355,000        937,000         512,000         171,000        58,000       2,087,000            monies will be used for development and the remaining 44%
                  Central Corridor                                                                                                                                 ($11,297,900) for acquisition. The counties and municipalities,
                  North Shore
                  Southwest                                                                                                                                        concentrating on developing lands previously purchased under
                  South Shore                                      10,400                                          98,000       242,000         350,400
                  Delaware Bay                                                                                                                                     the Green Acres Bond Programs, will use 86% ($5,814,100)
                  State Totals                   $96,000        $1,138,600    $3,920,500 $1,881.500           $2,732,000      $811,000      $10,579,600            of their present share of the L&amp;WCF monies for development.
                         not Include the total development costs of the Delaware water Gap National Recreation Area-                                                        The counties and municipalities will receive nearly equal
                                                                                                                                                                   amounts under the L&amp;WCF program, $3,286,700 and
                                                                                                                                                                   $3,442,400, respectively. Scheduled development projects
                                                                                                                                                                   account for 76% ($2,486,600) of the county L&amp;WCF funded
                                PROGRAM ANALYSIS                                                                                                                   program and 97% ($3,327,400) of the municipal program.
                                Federal Funding Programs                                                                                                           Open Space Program -Funds received by the state and local
                                                                                                                                                                   levels of government under the Open Space Program admin-
                                Land and Water Conservation Fund* - Under the Land and                                                                             istered by the Department of Housing and Urban Development
                                Water Conservation Fund program scheduled state and local                                                                          will amount to $12,645,600. Eighty-six percent ($10,912,400)
                                                                                                                                                                   of these funds have been committed for acquisition projects
                                                                                                                                                                   and the remaining portion for recreation development.
                                Appendix 0 contains a history of Land and Water Conservation Fund                                                                           In 1971 and 1972, HUD funded local projects amounted to
                                expenditures in New Jersey from the beginning of the program in 1965                                                               $8,195,600;                 acquisition                projects             accounted                 for         79%
                                through the end of fiscal year 1972. A discussion of the distribution of the
                                monies to different levels of government and type of program and the                                                               ($6,462,400).                   The          State's            entire            HUD             commitment
                                recreation facilities developed is included.                                                                                       ($4,450,000) was used for acquisition.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        175
<pb n="182" />

                    Since this fund has been absorbed into the Federal Rev-               Therefore, only $2.6 million is actually available for new rec-
               enue Sharing Program, it will no longer serve as a dedicated               reation facility development.
               source of open space acquisition and recreation facility devel-
               opment monies.                                                             ADDITIONAL FUNDS FOR LOCAL ACQUISITION
                                                                                          AND DEVELOPMENT (1971-1977)
               State Funding Sources                                                           The acquisition and development schedules for the state
                                                                                          level included planned projects and anticipated sources of
               Green Acres Programs-The unexpended balance of the 1961                    funds, including the Land and Water Conservation Fund. The
               Green Acres Bond Issue amounting to $4,095,000 at the begin-               local schedules, however, included the acquisition projects
               ning of fiscal year 1971 will be spent during the first two years          expected to be funded under the Green Acres Programs but
               of the scheduled acquisition program. The State will use                   not all of the acquisition and development projects that will
               $3,059,900 for acquisition, municipalities $899,150, and coun-             be eventually funded under the Land and Water Conservation
               ties $135,950.                                                             Fund Program. Since the State does not become aware of
                    The 1971 Green Acres Bond Issue Act, approved by public               proposed local projects until they are submitted for state review
               referendum,      authorized    the    issuance    of    bonds      for     and transmittal to the Bureau of Outdoor Recreation for final
               $80,000,000 to be used for county, municipal, and state acqui-             approval, only those local projects which have been approved
               sition of open space lands. According to the       distribution pro-       for L&amp;WCF funding were included in the schedules.
               visions, fifty percent of the bond proceeds will be used for state              Assuming full funding of the L&amp;WCF program. at the
               projects and fifty percent for local projects.                             authorized level, the State of New Jersey would receive an
                                                                                          average annual allocation of $6 million. At this level, a total of
               Water Resources Fund -Under the Water          Conservation Bond           $15 million would be available for local projects by the end of
               Act, approved by public referendum in 1969, the State was                  1977. These funds would generate $15 million of matching local
               authorized to expend $29 million of bond issue revenues for                funds to produce a total amount of $30 million for county and
               planning and site acquisition for future water supply facilities.          municipal acquisition and development.
               The scheduled state acquisition program includes the expen-
               diture of $22,875,900 of the authorized funds. Plans for two
               sites are under review at the present time, and therefore the                   ESTIMATED COSTS OF FACILITY DEVELOPMENT TO
               funds designated for the sites' acquisition are not included in                 MEET THE 1985 RECREATION NEEDS-LEVELS OF
               the scheduled acquisition program.                                              GOVERNMENT

               State Appropriations -State appropriations are expected to                      The development costs of recreation facilities required
               account for $18,439,500 of the cost of the State's scheduled               to meet the 1985 recreation needs have been estimated so that
               development program for the 1971-1977 period. On an annual                 the progress made towards meeting these needs through the
               basis, this amounts to an average appropriation of $2.6 million.           completion of scheduled development programs could be
                    The Department of Environmental Protection receives an                ascertained. Based upon these findings, the future fiscal re-
               annual appropriation of $3.5 million for capital recreation                quirements of the municipalities, counties and State can be
               improvement; however, approximately $900,000 is used for                   predicted and funding programs designed to meet a reasonable
               major maintenance projects and historic structures restoration.            level of need can'be proposed.

               176
<pb n="183" />

                     The first step followed in estimating the development costs                 ADDITIONAL DEVELOPMENT FUNDS
                was to arrive at an estimate of the facility development cost per                REQUIRED TO MEET THE 1985 FACILITY DEFICITS
                recreation day for each activity. Based upon available New                       MUNICIPAL, COUNTY AND STATE LEVELS
                Jersey construction cost data, the average development cost
                of each type of facility was determined. These cost figures were
                divided by the average recreation day capacities of the facilities               Although the scheduled development programs of the
                in order to arrive at the development costs per recreation day              municipalities, counties, and State will provide a substantial
                for each activity.                                                          number of new recreation facilities, they will fall far short of
                     For each jurisdiction, the 1985 unmet demand assigned as               meeting all of the 1985 outdoor recreation facility deficits identi-
                its responsibility for each activity was multiplied by the appro-           fied at these jurisdictional levels. Continuation of the develop-
                priate development cost per recreation day. The sum of the                  ment programs at their present levels of funding after 1977
                activity development costs represented the jurisdiction's esti-             would still result in sizable 1985 facility deficits at all govern-
                mated 1985 development costs.                                               mental levels.
                                                                                                 Including the $7,500,000 generated by the Land and Water
                Municipal level -Statewide, the development cost of the out-                Conservation Fund matching funds ($3,750,000 of Land and
                door recreation facilities required at the municipal level by               Water Conservation funds for development) which was not
                1985 is estimated at $738,671,000.                                          included in the municipal scheduled recreation development
                County level - New Jersey's twenty-one counties, to meet their              program, New Jersey's municipalities will expend approxi-
                1985 assigned outdoor recreation responsibilities, will have to             mately $14,155,000 by 1977 on recreation development. If
                develop facilities totalling an estimated cost of $518,474,000.             the present funding level is projected to 1985, excluding future
                                                                                            funds from the defunct HUD Open Space Program, the total
                State level-The estimated development cost of the recreation                municipal recreation development expenditures for the 1971-
                facilities required to meet the state level's 1985 recreation               1985 period can be anticipated to amount to $26,000,000.
                responsibilities is $151,524,000.                                           Application of this estimate to the municipal costs for recreation
                     A regional breakdown of the 1985 estimated recreation                  facility development to meet the 1985 needs results in a funding
                facility costs is presented in the following table:                         deficiency exceeding $700,000,000.
                                                                                                 Counties through their scheduled development programs
                      Estimated Costs for Municipal, County and State                       and the additional funds available under the Land and Water
                      Facility Development to Meet 1985 Unmet Recre-                        Conservation Fund ($3,750,000) are expected to spend
                      ation Demands                                                         $12,473,400 during the 1971-1977 period on new recreation
                                                                                            facilities. Continuation to 1985 of the present annual county
                           Region                          Estimated Costs                  expenditure rate would result in a $24,000,000 county facility
                        Northwest                           $ 44,638,000                    development program between 1971 and 1985. If the counties
                        North Central                           93,497,000                  are to meet their 1985 facility development responsibilities,
                        Northeast                             535,761,000                   additional funds amounting to over $490 million will have to
                        Central Corridor                      105,073,000                   be spent on recreation development.
                        North Shore                           218,259,000                        The State's scheduled development program for the 1971-
                        Southwest                             116,630,000                   1977 period is expected to cost $32,577,200. At the current
                        South Shore                           264,280,000                   annual appropriation rate, the State's development program for
                        Delaware Bay                            30,531,000                  the 1971-1985 period would amount to just over $68 million.

                                                                                                                                                              177
<pb n="184" />

              Since the State's estimated share of the development costs of          ipal, county, and state development and acquisition programs.
              the facilities required to meet the 1985 recreation demand             In the face of rapidly escalating facility construction and land
              amounts to $151,524,000, there would be a development                  acquisition costs, additional funding programs should be
              funding deficiency at the state level amounting to over $83            initiated promptly, to take advantage of today's cheaper prices.
              million by 1985.
                   In estimating the three jurisdictions' future development         Green Acres Bond Issue-Though a net gain of 122,299 acres
              expenditures, it was assumed that adequate Land and Water              of open space is expected to be realized under planned federal,
              Conservation Fund monies would be available to match the               state, county and municipal acquisition programs, New Jersey
              municipal, county and state funds. An annual Land and Water            will need an additional 185,000 acres of open space by 1985.
              Conservation Fund apportionment for acquisition and develop-           The planned open space acquisition programs fall 1.24,000
              ment amounting to $6 million, commencing Fiscal Year 1973,             acres short of meeting the 1970 open space requirements.
              is necessary to provide sufficient matching funds.                          New Jersey has completed one successful Green Acres
                                                                                     Program (1961 Bond Issue) and is in the process of acquiring
                                                                                     80,000 acres of public open space financed by funds authorized
                                                                                     by the Green Acres Bond Act of 1971 and matching appropri-
                                                                                     ations from counties and municipal governments.
                                                                                          The 1971 Act provides $40 million for state acquisition and
                                                                                     another $40 million to be used on a matching basis for local
                                                                                     acquisition, thus generating, statewide, $120 million for open
                                                                                     space acquisition. Land acquisition completed under this
                                                                                     program will still leave the municipalities, counties and State
                                                                                     faced with a 169,000 acre open space deficit for 1985.
                                                                                          In view of the dwindling supply of quality open space,
                                                                                     especially near the State's urban centers, the rapidly escalating
                                                                                     land prices, and the severe open space deficits faced by local
                                                                                     and state levels of government, a third bond issue for $100
                                                                                     million to refinance the present Green Acres Program is recom
                                                                                     mended. Only through a continuous, vigorous and adequately
                                                                                     funded land acquisition program can sufficient public open
                                                                                     space be preserved for future generations.
                                                                                          The provisions of the recommended third Green Acres
                                                                                     bond issue should be similar to the ones in force for the present
                   RECOMMENDATIONS -ADDITIONAL DEVELOPMENT                           program, with one-half of the bond issue sale proceeds desig-
                   AND ACOUISITION FUNDING SOURCES                                   nated for local matching grants and the other half reserved for
                                                                                     state acquisition.
                   From the previous discussions of New Jersey's recreation               The alternative to the proposed bond issue would be an
              facility deficits and the development costs of the facilities to       annual State appropriation of $20 million for the same pur-
              meet the 1985 outdoor recreation demands and the State's               poses. Fifty percent of each appropriation would be dedicated
              open space acreage deficits, it is apparent that there is an           to the state acquisition program and the remaining portion
              urgent need for additional sources of funds to expand munic-           would fund a matching grant program for local acquisition.

              178
<pb n="185" />

               Recreation Facility Development Funding -Comparison of                Future Legislation
               scheduled development funding levels with the projected
               municipal, county and state development costs to meet 1985            and Related Avtious
               recreation facility needs clearly shows that these units of gov-
               ernment will be unable to provide the facilities necessary to              Even though many significant strides have been taken
               satisfy present and future need levels; municipalities have a         toward protecting and improving the quality of New Jersey's
               1985 projected recreation development fund deficit of over            living environment, there is much more that needs to be done.
               $712 million, New Jersey's twenty-one counties a $490 million         Because of the State's expanding population, development
               development tund deficit, and the State an anticipated $83            pressures on open space are increasing; there are growing
               million capital improvement fund deficiency.                          demands for energy; and there are increasing numbers of cars
                    If the citizens of New Jersey, now and in the future, are        on the road producing air pollutants and larger quantities of
               going to have access to the quality of life which they deserve,       domestic and industrial wastes discharged into the environ-
               new funding sources must be established so that facilities to         ment. Yet along with these mounting threats, the need to pre-
               accommodate their recreation desires may be constructed.              serve the environment for the use and enjoyment of people is
               Two alternative approaches to providing the funds required to         growing in proportion to the population increase. It is apparent
               undertake meaningful state and local recreation facility devel-       then that this is not the time to reflect on accomplishments,
               opment programs are available. The first approach would in-           but rather an opportunity to take greater steps forward.
               clude a State bond issue for $100 million for state and local              Responding to the increased public awareness and grow-
               capital recreation development. A distribution formula should         ing concern for the environment, Governor William T. Cahill
               be spelled out in the bond issue which gives local governments        has p@oposed a comprehensive environmental legislative
               60%-75% of the funds for 50-50 matching development grants            program. Problems ranging from air and water pollution to the
               and the State 40%-25% of the funds for the design and con-            dwindling supply of agricultural land are addressed in the
               struction of recreation facilities. With the exhaustion of these      action oriented program. The following section pertaining to
               bond issue funds, another recreation development bond issue           pending and proposed legislation and executive action has been
               for t150 million should be enacted. Provisions of the second          based largely on the Governor's proposed program and addi-
               bond issue should be the same regarding fund distribution as          tional recommendations to be implemented at a latter date.
               those proposed for the original program.
                   The second approach, the alternative to the recreation            PENDING LEGISLA TION
               development bond issues, would be a ten year program funded
               by annual state appropriations totalling $25 million. These                PROPERTY TAX EXEMPTION FOR NON-PROFIT
               appropriations would be used to finance a matching grant                   CONSERVATION AND RECREATION LANDS
               program for local recreation development and theremaining                  The rapid disappearance of open space is viewed with
               portion to expand the state capital improvement program.              great concern, and justifiably so, by citizens and government
                   Under either of the alternative approaches presented, the         agencies alike. Preservation of the State's remaining open
               annual state capital improvement appropriations should be             space can not be accomplished by government alone. It re-
               continued at full funding, or the recommended funding levels          quires a concerted effort on the part of public and private
               should be adjusted upward by the amount the appropriations            agencies. The significant role played by private citizen groups
               are cutback. The full amount of such adjustments should be            in acquiring open space lands for preservation purposes must
               earmarked for the state recreation development program.               be continued and encouraged to expand.

                                                                                                                                                  179
<pb n="186" />

                    A proposal for property tax exemption for privately held                   The Act will further enable municipalities to pass legis-
               open space and the improvements thereon which would facil-                 lation requiring the submission and review of an environmental
               itate the acquisition and retention of such lands for public use           impact statement to the local government when the municipal-
               and enjoyment is now pending in the Legislature. To be eligible            ity determines the proposed action could have significant
               for exemption the property must be owned by a qualified non-               impact on the local environment.
               profit organization engaged in conservation and recreation
               projects which the Commissioner of Environmental Protection,                    THE COMMUNITY PLANNING LAW
               after consultation with the Natural Areas Council, certifies to
               the Director of the Division of Taxation to be qualified and                    The Community Planning Law has been proposed as a
               operating in the public interest.                                          countermeasure for the inadequacy and complexity of the
                                                                                          existing legal framework regulating land use and designed to
                                                                                          guard against disorderly and unplanned suburban sprawl. Over
                    ACT TO REQUIRE THE SUBMISSION AND REVIEW                              a period of years, local plans and ordinances would gradually
                    OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENTS ON                                 be revised to meet the new standards based on statewide and
                    CERTAIN MAJOR STATE AND PRIVATE PROJECTS                              regional needs as translated into specific decisions by local
                                                                                          planning boards and based on local circumstances.
                    It is recommended that this Act will require state agencies                The Community Planning Law has two major objectives:
               and certain private developers to consider and report upon the             (1) to streamline the local planning process by the elimination
               environmental aspects and consequences of their major                      of duplicate processing procedures; and (2) to improve and
               actions.                                                                   strengthen local planning by increasing technical assistance,
                    The Act will specifically require the submission of an                by linkages to state and regional plans, and by the addition of
               environmental impact statement to the Department of Environ-               new local planning powers. Provisions are also included for
               mental Protection on all major projects that could be of signif-           statutory frameworks for site plan review, the planned unit
               icance to the quality of the environment in the State of New               development concept, the rights of the developer, and "critical
               Jersey. Projects of state agencies will include all major actions          area" development regulations.
               not previously covered under the provisions of the National                     Far from weakening municipal autonomy, the Community
               Environmental Policy Act. Private development will include                 Planning Law strengthens the local boards which regulate
               facilities, or significant housing, industrial or commercial devel-        development so as to take into account the full spectrum of
               opment.                                                                    economic, social, design, and physical community factors.
                    The Department of Environmental Protection will be em-
               powered to develop guidelines for the preparation of the                        BICYCLE TRAILS AND FOOTPATHS ACT
               environmental impact statement and establish procedures for
               the document's timely review. When warranted, provisions                        The Bicycle Trails and Footpaths Act requires the Depart-
               for public hearings on the environmental impact statement will             ment of Transportation and counties and municipalities to
               be conducted. The Commissioner of the Department of Environ-               establish and maintain footpaths and bicycle trails at all loca-
               mental Protection will have the power to approve or disapprove             tions, where appropriate, at which a highway, road or street
               projects from the private sector based on the findings and                 is being constructed, reconstructed, or relocated. The Depart-
               recommendations of the impact statement and public input.                  ment of Transportation is authorized to provide technical
               The Commissioner will be empowered to make recommenda-                     assistance and advice to counties and municipalities, when
               tions to the Governor on major actions of state agencies.                  requested, in carrying out this Act.

               ISO
<pb n="187" />

                     The Act also creates the Bicycle Trails and Footpaths               resources, the promotion of environmental protection, and the
                Construction Fund, administered by the Department of Trans-              prevention of environmental pollution.
                portation, with an annual appropriation of $250,000 to aid in              .  With the permission of the board of freeholders, the coun-
                the construction and maintenance of bicycle trails and foot-             cil would be able to acquire property in the name of the county
                paths.                                                                   and then administer these lands in a manner best suited to ful-
                                                                                         fill the county's environmental needs.
                     HANDICAPPED CHILDREN'S RECREATIONAL
                     OPPORTUNITIES ACT                                                        STATE TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE AND GUIDANCE
                     The Handicapped Children's Recreational Opportunities                    TO LOCAL ENVIRONMENTAL COMMISSIONS ACT
                Act authorizes the Commissioner of the Department of Com-                     This Act provides for technical assistance and guidance
                munity Affairs, with the advice of recreation experts, to develop        to local environmental commissions through the Office of
                a comprehensive recreation program for handicapped children.             Environmental Services of the Department of Environmental
                This comprehensive program will act as a guideline for each
                municipality and county, or their delegated agency, in furnish-          Protection. The assistance provided will range from technical"
                ing their recreation activity projects for handicapped children.         and legal research, public relations, coordination between
                Each project must first be approved by the governing body                local environmental commissions and environmentally oriented
                before it is submitted to the Commissioner for his approval.             agencies, to information concerning federal and state assis-
                Each municipality and county operating and maintaining an                tance programs and aid in establishing new environmental
                approved project will receive a sum not to exceed $1.00 for              commissions.
                each two resident handicapped children in order to implement                  In order to qualify for state assistance, the local environ-
                the handicapped children's program.                                      mental commission must demonstrate to the Office of Environ-
                     In addition to the $54,000 appropriated for the first fiscal        mental Services that it has coordinated its activities with the
                year to carry out the Act, the Commissioner may accept and               municipal planning board so as to avoid duplication and con-
                expend any gift or grant for any of the purposes of this Act.            flicts of effort.
                                                                                              To provide for the services authorized by this Act, the
                                                                                         Department of Environmental Protection is appropriated
                     COUNTY ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION                                     $100,000.
                     COUNCIL ACT
                     Recognizing the importance of the services provided by                   SNOWMOBILE REGISTRATION
                municipal environmental commissions (N.J.S.A. 40:56A-1 et                     Legislation has been introduced which aims to promote
                seq., adopted August 6,1968 and amended by N.J.S.A. 40:56A-              the  safe and proper use of snowmobiles in New Jersey by
                1 et seq., adopted May 25, 1972), the Legislature has proposed           encouraging their use in ways which would minimize the det-
                the County Environmental Protection Council Act to encour-               rimental effects upon both the environment and the safety and
                age the establishment of environmental agencies at the county            enjoyment of the user and general public. The registration of
                level in order to provide for cooperation in environmental               snowmobiles is required in order to provide for the enforcement
                matters between state and county governments. The County                 of provisions concerning their use and control. The provisions
                Envrionmental Protection Council would be authorized to serve            range from limiting their operation upon public highways and
                as an advisor to the county board of freeholders in the formula-         on private property without the consent of the owner, to reduc-
                tion of comprehensive policies for the protection of natural             ing the effects on the environment of excessive noise and

                                                                                                                                                         181
<pb n="188" />

                affording opportunities for the compatible enjoyment of various                  EXECUTIVE ORDER
                recreational activities on the State's lands and open spaces.
                                                                                                       ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENTS
                      CLEANING AGENT CONTROL ACT                                                       FOR STATE PROJECTS-
                      The Cleaning Agent Control Act would provide the frame-                          In his Third Annual Message To The Legislature, Governor
                work for the Department of Environmental Protection to reg-                      Cahill announced his intention of issuing an Executive Order
                ulate the contents of all cleaning agents. For an effective water                which will require review and approval by the Department of
                pollution abatement program, the State should reduce the                         Environmental Protection of all major projects built or funded
                sources of polluting agents, some of which are cleaning agents,                  by the State before they are allowed to proceed. This action
                wherever possible. When alternatives exist, they should be ex-                   will insure that state financed development projects will be
                plored thoroughly, and the one which proves least damaging to                    designed and constructed for minimum negative impact on the
                the environment should be chosen except in such cases where                      environment.
                there could be harmful side affects to humans.
                      ACT TO PROMOTE RECYCLING                                                   PROPOSED LEGISLATION
                      OF BEVERAGE CONTAINERS
                      Because of New Jersey's supply of land suitable for solid                        OPEN SPACE CONVERSION SURCHARGE
                waste disposal is rapidly dwindling, the Act to Promote Re-                            Agricultural land represents valuable, irreplaceable open
                cycling of Beverage Containers has been proposed. The bill                       space. For the recreationist, it serves as a feeding ground for
                would impose a high deposit on drink containers, and thus                        many species of wildlife, and it is a place for hiking, picnicking,
                encourage the recycling of containers and reduce the amount                      birdwatching and other activities. Agricultural land creates
                of solid waste produced in the State.                                            breaks in the visual landscape and serves as aquifer recharge
                                                                                                 areas. Therefore, it is essential to the well being of the State's
                                                                                                 activities to preserve the remaining agricultural land.
                                                                                                       The alarming rate of agricultural land loss to other uses in
                      It
                                                                                                 New Jersey is well documented. From 1962 to 1972 the State
                                                                                                 lost approximately half a million acres of valuable agricultural
                                                                                                 land; six thousand farms were converted to other uses.
                                                                                                       The chief factor affecting decisions to sell lands is the
                                                                                                 capital gain which results from the sale. If land conversion is

                                                                                                  On October 5, '1973, Governor Cahill issued Executive Order No. 53
                                                                                                  requiring all departments and agencies of the State to assess the environ-
                                                                                                  mental impact of all state funded or state sponsored construction projects
                                                                                                  in excess of $1 million or those projects located in environmentally
                                                                                                  sensitive areas. The Department of Environmental Protection will review
                                                                                                  the environmental impact statements submitted by State agencies and
                                                                                                  make recommendations on the impact of the projects to the State Planning
                                                                                                  Task Force.

                182
<pb n="189" />

               to be slowed, this gain must be reduced. The profits accruing                B. Lands sold more than three years after the date of
               from the sale of land are, in large part, unearned. That is they                 purchase but less than six years from the date of pur-
               are created not by the work or investment of the seller, but by                  chase shall be assessed at a rate of 33.3% of those
               actions of society at large, and often by government itself.                     profits exceeding 10% peryear, compounded annually.
               These actions include the extension of road networks to a                3.  Intra-family transfers of lands and sale of lands to govern-
               particular area, provision of water supply, construction of                  ment agencies (state or federal) shall be exempt from the
               sewerage systems, or other similar systems paid for with public              surcharge. The monies derived from this surcharge would
               dollars. The irony in this situation is that government must pro-            be dedicated to a special fund to be used for preservation
               vide these systems, but that government also must insure that                and acquisition by the State of open space and for retire-
               agriculture and open space are preserved, and unwise develop-                ment of Green Acres Bonds.
               ment stopped. Under present structure the achievement of the
               first goal makes it less likely that the second can be attained.               STATE SCENIC AND
                    The Farmland Assessment Act has proven inadequate to                      RECREATIONAL RIVERS SYSTEM
               significantly slow the transition of agricultural land to more
               profitable uses. Other methods of preserving agricultural land                 Many of New Jersey's streams and rivers, or segments
               as open space must be implemented.                                       of them, have already lost much of their value as recreational
                    The purpose of the "Open Space Conversion Surcharge"                resources. Unfortunately, the products of urbanization, serious
               is to recapture the unearned increment of profit f rom the sale of       water pollution, and intense industrial and residential develop-
               open lands, and dedicate it to public purposes, where it properly        ment along their banks have impaired their use or reduced the
               belongs since it was created in large part by government action.         quality of experiences possible. If New Jersey's remaining un-
               One result of the surcharge will be to chill the actions of specu-       spoiled rivers and streams are to be preserved for future gener-
               lators, whose role is to assemble usable tracts of open land for         ations to enjoy, positive action must be taken now to protect
               development. Where conversion cannot be stopped or slowed                these water courses and their shorelines from encroaching
               by this measure, the surcharge will provide the funds necessary          urbanization.
               to preserve in their open state other similar lands.                           To preserve entire rivers or sections of rivers in New
                    The provisions of the "Open Space Conversion Surcharge"             Jersey possessing significant scenic, natural or recreational
               will cover open lands five acres or more in size less than one-          qualities, it is proposed that a State Scenic and Recreational
               fifth of which is occupied by buildings, paving or other improve-        Rivers System be established by the New Jersey Legislature.
               ments. The provisions of the proposed act will require that:             Appropriate state agencies would be empowered to take the
                                                                                        necessary actions to preserve and protect the values of the
               1.  Every buyer and every seller must report the purchase or             system's components and their adjacent lands. It is proposed
                   sale of such lands to the Local Property Tax Bureau, De-             that two classes of component rivers be established: scenic and
                   partment of the Treasury. The report, on Form SR-1A, shall           recreational. For each river class, criteria for evaluting pro-
                   indicate the size of the parcel, the full consideration, and         posed components setting minimum standards for water qual-
                   the date of the sale or purchase.                                    ity, recreational potential, and scenic and natural values would
               2.  The Bureau shall bill any seller who has held such lands for         be established. Management objectives and policies designed
                   less than six years on the following basis:                          to protect and enhance the desirable attributes of components
                   A. Lands sold within three years of date of purchase shall           would be adopted.
                       be assessed at a rate of 50% of those profits exceeding                Components of the state system could be nominated for
                       10% per year, compounded annually.                               inclusion in the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System. Upon

                                                                                                                                                         183
<pb n="190" />

               inclusion in the national system, rivers would be protected                     Enactment of the bill would require the State to adopt
               from federally licensed or funded water resource projects                  guidelines for local land use planning and zoning designed to
               which would negatively affect them.                                        permit reasonable development consistent with the constraints
                    The initial component of the State Scenic and Recreational            imposed by the regional environment. Some municipalities in
               Rivers System would be the Mullica. Governor Cahill has                    the area do not have even rudimentary zoning ordinances. The
               directed the Department of Environmental Protection to take                Act would authorize state enactment of zoning ordinances for
               the appropriate measures to qualify the Mullica River System               those municipalities which do not adopt conforming plans and
               for inclusion in the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System.               zoning within one year of the publication of appropriate guide-
               A prerequisite for national status is passage of state legislation         lines.
               providing adequate protection of the nominated river and its
               adjoining land areas.                                                           THE SKYLANDS REGION PROTECTION ACT
                                                                                               Primarily a rural, recreational and watershed area, the
                    AMENDMENT TO THE WATER POLLUTION                                      Skylands Region, in the northern parts of Bergen and Passaic
                    STATUTES -REG IONALIZATION OF SEWER FACILITIES                        counties, will be undergoing severe development pressure as
                                                                                          highways are extended into the area and more visitors arrive.
                    Despite the advantages of regional facilities, i.e., econ-            The Skylands Region Protection Act would establish a regional
               omies of scale, higher degrees of treatment with more complex              system of controls over land use in the area, similar to the one
               and expensive equipment, and employment of well qualified                  proposed for the Tocks Island Region.
               personnel, municipalities have been reluctant to form regional
               sewer districts as urged by the State. Authority to draw district               RECREATION FACILITY DEVELOPMENT FUNDING
               lines and require authority formation is thus needed.                           It has become apparent that many of New Jersey's citi-
                    The proposed amendment to the Water Pollution statutes                zens will be unable to enjoy the benefits of outdoor recreation
               would give the Department of Environmental Protection the                  participation because of the lack of sufficient facilities to ac-
               authority to draw service lines defining a region. If local com-           commodate their demands, if new sources of funds for recre-
               munities fail to form regional authorities, the courts would have          ation facility development at the municipal, county and state
               statutory direction to order the formation of the districts.               levels of government are not provided. Therefore, a recreation
                                                                                          facilities development program is recommended to be imple-
                    THE TOCKS ISLAND IMPACT                                               mented by either bond issues for state and local capital recre-
                    AREA PROTECTION ACT                                                   ation development or by a ten year program funded by annual
                    Completion of the Tocks Island     project (Delaware Water            state appropriations of $25 million. (See Funding Section.)
               Gap National Recreation Area) in the Northwest Region is                        GREEN ACRES BOND ISSUE
               expected to lead to intense development pressure on the sur-
               rounding areas. To guard against intrusive and tawdry develop-                  Because of the alarming rate of open space conversion
               ment, the Tocks Island Impact Area Protection Act has been                 to other competing land uses and the increasing need for open
               proposed by the Governor in his Third Annual Message to the                space preservation for recreation and other non-consumptive
               Legislature, January 9, 1973. Passage of the act would create a            beneficial uses, a third Greed Acres bond issue is proposed
               regional system of controls over the utilization of land to guide          to refinance the present Green Acres Program. The recom-
               development to avoid the loss of those amenities which now                 mended funding level of the local and state open space acqui-
               make the region unique.                                                    sition bond issue is $100 million. (See Funding Section.)

               184
<pb n="191" />

                                            RELATED PROGRAMS

                    In addition to the Continuing Planning Program described             wise and orderly resource    use and preservation decisions can
               in Chapter X, the planning staff of the Department of Environ-            be made and implemented. Thus the Department has proposed
               mental Protection has available the planning and research                 the initiation and development of an Environmental Design Pro-
               capabilities of other state agencies and programs. Within the             gram for New Jersey. The Design will be built to treat the
               Department itself the Natural Areas and the Historic Sites                environment as an interrelated system and will derive concepts,
               sections are conducting studies and preparing plans which                 facts and recommendations for action. These will permit the
               will supplement the recreation plan in these areas. The De-               State to shape a better environment for this and future gener-
               partment is also embarking on a new Environmental Design                  ations.'
               Program which will provide data on New Jersey's natural                        The program plan will have three phases. The first will
               resources and recommendations for use of land and water                   include a pilot project focusing on the Passaic River Basin.
               res6urces. Closely related to this effort is the mapping and              The project will gather all pertinent data, prepare visual displays
               regulating of the State's wetlands areas.                                 and derive action oriented recommendations which will resolve
                    Outside the Department, the Division of State and Region-            resource use conflicts, promote statewide balanced resource
               al Planning and the newly established State Planning Task                 use patterns and standards, preserve critical resource areas,
               Force and Advisory Council on the Future of the State will                determine alternative mechanisms for the implementation Of
               provide technical planning capability and directions on ques-             each recommendation and assess the probable effects of each
               tions regarding the State's long range development.                       alternative. Phase I I involves the partition of the State into
                                                                                         meaningful environmental-ecological zones. Phase III will in-
               ENVIRONMENTAL                                                             clude preparation of a report which defines the time, money,
               DESIGN PROGRAM                                                            and manpower required to complete and implement a statewide

                    Resource misuse is probably the most serious and difficult           6
               challenge to achieving a reasonable quality environment for
               New Jersey because it is irreversible and almost out-of-hand.
               There is no agreement on environmental objectives; there are
               no resource use standards; and multiple private and public
               biases continue to run rampant. The Department of Environ-
               mental Protection has determined that with state leadership,

                                                                                                                                                         185
<pb n="192" />

               design program and establish zone priorities for preparing                are state owned riparian lands. Some entire tracts have been
               designs. This Design program is expected to begin in mid 1973.            purchased by the state or federal governments. The courts
                    The data gathering procedures established and ongoing                recognize riparian lands as those which are washed by average
               under the Environmental Design Program will provide future                high tides based on an astronomical cycle of 18.7 years. Wet-
               outdoor recreation plans with a much expanded and up-to-date              lands on the other hand can lie above the average high tide
               inventory of natural resources in New Jersey and the basis for            level and still be sometimes subject to high water because of
               making important land use decisions in which recreation is                storms. (See Legislation for definition of wetlands.)
               given consideration.                                                           Before the Department can enforce controls over the use
                                                                                         of wetlands, it has to be able to legally prove exactly which
                                                                                         areas are wetlands and which are not. There has never been
               STATE PLANNING TASK FORCE                                                 a sufficiently accurate survey to define the boundaries of the
               AND ADVISORY COUNCIL ON                                                   wetlands. The Act therefore provided two years, until November
               THE FUTURE OF THE STATE                                                   5, 1972, during which the Department will accurately map the
                                                                                         wetlands. When the job is done it is expected that the wetlands
                    Two new study/planning entities have recently been estab-            will total between 335,000 and 400,000 acres.
               lished by action of the Governor: the State Planning Task Force,               The wetlands are being mapped with aerial photography,
               created by Executive Order No. 40 dated December 22, 1972,                using a technique never before tried on an entire state. The
               and the Special Advisory Council on the Future of the State,              method hinges on the use of falsecolor infrared color film. This
               created by the Governor in his Third Annual Message delivered             film is sensitive to light rays which the human eye cannot
               on January 13, 1973. (See Legislation.)                                   detect. Since various kinds of grasses and plants reflect in-
                    Together these groups will be looking at long range ques-            frared light differently, they register on film in different colors.
               tions and dealing with the issue of what the future of New                This makes it possible to produce photographs which clearly
               Jersey should be in order to assure that the development of               show the division between species of plants which will grow in
               the State and its resources is realized in an orderly manner.             a saltwater environment and those dependent on freshwater
               The Planning Task Force will be focusing its efforts on the               even though the naked eye or conventional photography cannot
               preparation of a comprehensive state plan. The Special                    see any difference from aloft.
               Advisory Council will take into account the recommendations                    To be covered by the survey are lands along Raritan Bay
               of the Task Force in preparing its own recommendations on                 and the Raritan River to Sandy Hook, down the Atlantic Coast
               the specific measures necessary to achieve the desired goals.             to Cape May and along the Delaware Bay shore and the
                                                                                         Delaware River to the head of tidal action at Trenton. This in-
                                                                                         cludes tidal portions of an estimated 1,000 streams, many of
               WETLANDS PROTECTION                                                       which remain unnamed.
               PROGRAM                                                                        Completion of the aerial mapping of the test sections, in
                                                                                         which airplanes fly at an altitude of 6,000 feet and cameras si-
                    Since the signing of the Wetlands Act       on November 5,           multaneously photograph on infrared color film, conventional
               1970, the Department of Environmental Protection has under-               color film and black and white film, is being followed by an ex-
               taken to map and inventory the areas defined as coastal wet-              haustive study on the surface. Biologists must identify various
               lands.                                                                    plant species to prove that the aerial infrared color method of
                    Such wetlands account for about 5 percent of the land                defining wetland boundaries is accurate enough to be accept-
               area in New Jersey. Part of them are privately owned and part             able as evidence in court. Court approval of the technique will

               186
<pb n="193" />

              make it unnecessary to pursue the costly and time consuming              draft of a Natural Areas Comprehensive Plan in 1967. The Plan
              ground research in the rest of the wetlands.                             includes a discussion of the various reasons for preserving
                   Maps measuring 3 by 31/2 feet, showing a scale of 1 inch            natural areas and the uses to which these areas can be de-
              for 200 feet, will be prepared from the photographs and filed in         voted, management policy including the size of areas neces-
              courthouses of counties they cover. Transparent tax map over-            sary to maintain the ecosystem, use policy including opportun-
              lays will be provided so that landowners will be able to easily          ities for research and education, various types of interpretative
              learn which properties are under jurisdiction of the Wetlands            programs and facilities and an inventory and survey to deter-
              Act. Affected landowners will also be notified by mail.                  mine the location and type of protected and unprotected nat-
                   While the intricate mapping project proceeds,       other ex-       ural areas in the State of New Jersey.
              perts in the Department of Environmental Protection      are com-             The inventory included private, public, and quasi-public
              pleting the proposed land use and development regulations for            lands which were preserved either as natural areas or were
              wetlands. A separate public hearing will be held in each                 potential natural areas sites. The areas ranged in size from
              affected county to give the public opportunities to comment on           33 acres to 16,000 acres. Information gathered on each site
              the regulations, after which a full review will be made before           included ownership, acreage, ecological types, purpose of
              they become law. The Wetlands Act guarantees the individual              area, environment bordering the area, future preservation sta-
              the opportunity to challenge the regulations in court.                   tus, facilities available and any unusual features of botanical,
                                                                                       zoological, geological or historic significance. In addition, each
                                                                                       site was rated numerically on a scale according to its quality,
              NATURAL AREAS PROGRAM                                                    protectibility, feasibility and balance. The information compiled
                                                                                       in this survey formed the basis of the discussion of natural
                   While there are probably no truly undisturbed natural areas         areas in the chapter on land resources in the present plan.
              left in New Jersey, there still remain areas that have been only              Of special consideration in future recreation plans is the
              slightly altered by man. Some of these have been preserved;              plan's concluding discussion of problems of natural areas pres-
              others have not.                                                         ervation and recommendations for approachs to deal with
                   Natural areas are defined as areas of land or water which           these problems. To deal with these issues, the plan recom-
              have retained their primeval character although not necessarily          mends better coordination by state or private agencies and
              completely natural and undisturbed but having rare or vanishing          organizations owning or managing natural areas, continual
              species of plant or animal life or having similar features of            surveys, development of a master plan and management policy.
              interest which are worthy of preservation for the use of present         in addition the Plan recommends that natural areas receive
              and future residents of the State of New Jersey. In order to pre-        special preservation status and protection through state legis-
              serve these areas as living museums and to provide research              lation and consideration of limiting use of unique areas before
              opportunities and public education facilities based on these             they are destroyed by over use.
              tracts, the Natural Areas Section was established within the                  The authority vested in the Natural Areas Section by the
              Bureau of Parks of the Department of Environmental Protection            1961 Act includes finalizing the Natural Areas Comprehensive
              in 1961.                                                                 Plan, conducting surveys, recommending an over-all program
                   A major function of the Natural Areas Section is to make            of acquisition, maintaining and operating lands, preparing and
              periodic statewide surveys to deter  'mine the availability of land      disseminating literature and other materials to inform the
              that should be preserved as natural areas or as wildlife pre-            public with respect to New Jersey's natural areas program and
              serves and recommend an overall program of acquisition. In               consulting with and cooperating with conservation and- natural-
              fulfillment of this duty the Section completed a preliminary             ist groups and organizations in the acquisition and mainte-

                                                                                                                                                      187
<pb n="194" />

                nance of natural areas. In view of these powers and respon-                  in September of 1970 and, approved by the National Park Ser-
                sibilities, along with its preliminary plan and already completed            vice, will continue in effect until June of 1973. The plan consists
                inventory, the Natural Areas Section can be expected to detail               of a preliminary master plan and survey of historic sites. When
                recommendations for the implementation of the plan and pre-                  completed in 1973 this plan will include discussions of preser-
                pare final inventories and recommendations for legislation,                  vation problems and recommendations, an historical survey, an
                funding and staffing. A final master plan outlining not only a               historic sites inventory and an annual preservation program.
                statewide natural areas system and the means for preserving                  The initial inventory provided the basis for the discussion of
                it and utilizing it for the benefit of the State's citizens                  historic sites in the chapter on land resources in the current
                will provide a valuable resource for research and education as               plan and future work by the Historic Sites Section will be part
                well as the preparation of future recreation plans.                          of the updating of the statewide recreation plan.

                HISTORIC SITES PROGRAM                                                       BICENTENNIAL

                      Historic preservation is a necessary facet of being. We                     Plans to celebrate the Nation's two hundredth birthday are
                must know where we have been in order to know where we are                   currently being developed in New Jersey. Under the direction of
                going. New Jersey has a rich heritage established on native,                 the New Jersey Historical Commission, a network of official
                Dutch, Swedish, and English backgrounds. It played a vital role              county and municipal Bicentennial Committees have been
                in the nineteenth century by accepting immigrants of many                    established in all 21 counties and in the "Big Six" cities of
                nationalities. New Jersey began by being an agricultural state,              Camden, Elizabeth, Jersey City, Newark, Paterson and Trenton.
                expanded on invention and industry as a part of a young re-                  Coordinating the efforts of all these groups in the future will be
                public, and became, by the twentieth century a highly urbanized              the New Jersey American Revolution Bicentennial Celebration
                state.                                                                       Commission, created by legislation which Governor Cahill
                      In order to preserve the significant objects and structures            signed on March 2, 1973. (See Legislation and Related Actions
                of the past, the Historic Sites Section was established in 1945              Chapter.)
                within the Bureau of Parks of the Department of Environmental                     Communication and coordination of plans will be partially
                Protection. The responsibilities and programs of this office are             achieved by the mechanism of "Let's Talk Bicentennial" con-
                numerous and contribute to the preservation and interpretation               ferences. These meetings include representatives from all
                of the State's historic resources. These programs include the                official Bicentennial Committees and reports on programs and
                administration of state owned historic sites, maintenance of a               plans of each committee plus progress reports on state and na-
                statewide historic sites inventory, restoration projects, public             tional programs are given.
                communication, education and interpretation, historic archeo-                     The New Jersey Bicentennial legislation provides a
                logical investigation, historic marker program and the State                 $250,000 allocation for the first year of operation. This will
                Register of Historic Places.                                                 give the new agency a head start in raising money from busi-
                      Of major interest to the statewide recreation plan is the              ness and using its authority to enter a wide range of activities.
                preparation by the Historic Sites Section of the Comprehensive
                Historic Preservation Plan, under guidelines and with financial              Z01VISIO1V OF STATE AND
                assistance from the National Parks Service, which is intended                REGIONAL PLANNING
                to supplement the recreation plan in the area of historic sites
                and to conform with the policies and recommendations of the                       The Division of State and Regional Planning is located
                recreation plan. A preliminary draft of the plan was completed               within the New Jersey Department of Community Affairs. The

                188
<pb n="195" />

               Division, including bureaus of statewide planning, regional                         redevelopment, and renewal of the State; and for such
               planning, and community development, operates under a man-                          regions and localities as are or shall be established by
               date to promote programs to insure the orderly development of                       the Legislature, or for which federal funds shall be
               the State's physical assets by.                                                     made available.
                     *  assemblying and analyzing pertinent facts as to existing                Of special interest to the statewide recreation plan are the
                        development conditions and trends;                                 many studies and reports prepared by the Division. These in-
                                                                                           clude, among others, Residential Development of New Jersey,
                     *  preparing and maintaining a State Development Plan                 Commercial Land Use in New Jersey, The Impact of Popula-
                        and long-term development and capital improvement                  tion and Economic Growth on the Environment of New Jersey,
                        program for the future improvement and development                 New Jersey's Shore: An Inventory and Analysis of Land Use,
                        of the State;                                                      The Setting for Regional Planning in New Jersey and Commun-
                     *  undertaking the task of achieving fuller coordination and          ity Planning. A major resource for the present plan has been
                        integration of the development activities of the several           the Open Space Policy report used as a guideline for open
                        state departments; stimulating, assisting, and coordinat-          space standards for all levels of government in New Jersey.
                        ing local, county, and regional planning activities;                     In addition to planning and research publications the Divi-
                                                                                           sion of State and Regional Planning offers a resource ol tech-
                        and conducting such studies as shall be necessary for              nical capability available to assist the planning staff of the
                        the design and administration of programs of technical             Department of Environmental Protection in the preparation of
                        and financial assistance for the planning, development,            the statewide recreation plan.
<pb n="196" />

                                             CONTINUING PLANNING

                    To maintain and update a Statewide Comprehensive Out-                     In addition to inventories and studies, a major effort will
               door Recreation Plan it is essential to review and evaluate               be made during the continuing planning program to formalize
               portions of the plan through a continuous, ongoing planning               contacts with federal, state and regional recreation or planning
               program. Each update should reevaluate goals, objectives,                 agencies, where these contacts have not already been estab-
               policies and priorities in light of changes in the quantity and           lished. The purpose of this undertaking is to coordinate open
               type of outdoor recreation facilities demanded. New Jersey's              space and recreation planning programs. Coordination with
               planning program is designed to provide up-to-date information            county park and planning commissions will also be an important
               through inventories of recreation facilities and resources and            goal of the planning program in order to assist local govern-
               studies of special concern. This information will provide the             ments in determining recreation needs, to insure that future
               basis for designing acquisition and development programs and              state plans will meet local planning needs for inventories and
               allocating funds to best meet the recreation needs of New Jer-            special studies as well as to gain local support for state pro-
               sey residents and to insure the protection   of unique natural and        grams.
               cultural resources.
                                                                                         Inventories
                                             7@1
                                            7
                                                                                              To provide accurate, up-to-date supply data for the next
                                                                        3                plan, inventories of public and private outdoor recreation facil-
                                                                                         ities and open space recreation lands will be undertaken. Since
                                                                                         the privately owned supply was reinventoried for only a few ac
                                                                                         tivities in the current plan, it is important that the next planning
                                                                              4          program give high priority to a comprehensive inventory of the
                                                                                         private supply of recreation lands and facilities. New invento-
                                                                                         ries will also survey activities not previously included. These
                                                                                         activities will be those which have received new popularity
                                                                                         (e.g., ski touring) or been affected by new technological ad-
                    @4-
                                                                                         vances (e.g., snowmobiling).
                                                                                              New inventories will provide more information than past
                                                                                         inventories. To begin with, activity definitions and capacity

               190
<pb n="197" />

                 calculations will be re-examined. The outcome of this review                     determine the scale and design of more extensive future
                 will suggest what data on land and water resources and recre-                    studies.
                 ation facilities should be collected to provide the basis for
                 realistic capacity determinations. In addition, it is felt that data
                 on parking capacity, means of accessibility, service facilities                        DEMAND
                 and fees should be included.
                       In tabulating inventory data, changes will be made in the                        Demand methodology used in this and the previous New
                 aggregation of data for future planning purposes. The supply                     Jersey Outdoor Recreation Plan relied on the data of the Out-
                 data in the preseint plan has been aggregated by planning                        door Recreation Resources Review Commission (ORRRC) re-
                 regions. Although this regional approach conforms with Bureau                    ports completed in 1962. This study examined the relationship
                 of Outdoor Recreation guidelines and is useful for statewide                     of recreation participation and various socio-economic factors.
                 planning, each region includes two or more counties. For this                    It is difficult to justify continued use of this information to de-
                 reason the regional totals are not easily adaptable for use by                   termine current participation characteristics and to project
                 local levels of government. Thus, future inventory summaries                     future recreation demand by New Jersey residents based
                 will provide county totals in addition to the required regional                  primarily on the fact that the ORRRC information is now about
                 totals.                                                                          ten years old and has not been re-evaluated in terms of more
                                                                                                  recent information and trends. Also, since the ORRRC data
                                                                                                  grouped states together into regions, studies should be con-
                                                                                                  ducted which focus on New Jersey residents to determine what
                 Special Studies                                                                  are their recreation participation interests and needs by socio-
                                                                                                  economic groups, ethnic groups, and special needs groups and
                      Along with the inventories, a number of special studies                     to define distinctions between urban and rural recreation
                 are needed to provide information and to improve methodolo-                      experiences in New Jersey.
                 gies for, future plans. Current planning efforts are hindered by                       The goal of future demand studies will be to gain informa-
                 insufficient information in several areas. The greatest need is                  tion on what type of recreation activities New Jersey residents
                 for a stud; of the relationship of rates of participation in various             participate in and where they go to seek these experiences.
                 activities to the socio-economic characteristics of New Jersey                   These studies will also include participation in and demand for
                 residents. In @addition, major studies are recommended on the                    activities not previously included in the state plan. This infor-
                 following topics: urban needs, special groups, recreation stan-                  mation will be gathered by sample surveys of areas across. the
                 dards, environmental education, recreation travel patterns of                    State and organized for cross-tabulation by type of develop-
                 residents and non-residents, trails, scenic and recreational                     ment pattern (urban, suburban and rural) and population char-
                 rivers including the Mullica River System, freshwater re-                        acteristics including age groups, educational levels, income
                 sources, and the Atlantic Coastline.                                             levels, ethnic backgrounds and other characteristics which may
                      Some of these topics were proposed for study in the pre-                    be considered important.
                 vious plan but were not undertaken. These previously outlined                          In addition, studies will be designed to determine the
                 topics plus some new ones are proposed for study during the                      nature and extent of latent demand or unfulfilled interest in
                 continuing planning program. They will be undertaken either                      recreation participation. The possible changes in recreation
                 as separate studies or combined into larger studies wherever                     patterns produced by increased leisure time will also be evalu-
                 possible. In some cases, the topics are so vast that only pilot                  ated to determine what impact this factor is having on the use
                 projects will be undertaken at this time with the findings to                    of facilities both to ascertain how and when facilities are used

                                                                                                                                                                         191
<pb n="198" />

               and what must be done to protect our natural resources from               This approach assumes that people know what activities they
               overuse caused by increased recreation demand.                            want and where to find them. No serious attempt has been
                                                                                         made to determine whether one segment of the population
                     URBAN NEEDS                                                         needs or wants facilities which are different from those wanted
                     Since the rate of urbanization is increasing yearly and the         by another group. Statewide plans generally do not explore
               percent of the State's population living in urbanized areas is            demands and needs in such detail. To a limited extent in this
               growing, it is imperative that all levels of government under-            plan and to a much greater degree in future plans, as more in-
               stand the nature and extent of urban recreation resources and             formation becomes available, recommendations will deal with
               demand and needs before all open space and natural re-                    this problem.
               sources are lost to other land uses.
                     The Urban Needs Study conducted for the present plan
               provided information on the extent to which municipalities are
               meeting the needs of urban residents for close-to-home activi-
               ties. Further information is needed on the supply and location of

               private facilities. Other important aspects of urban recreation
               all recreation resources in urban areas including public and

               are the programs which encourage recreation participation and
               enable people who would normally be unaware of their opportu-
               nities or be unable to use them to enjoy recreational experi-
               ences. These would include education, safety, transportation
               and outreach programs.
                     This study would be concerned with all jurisdictions and
               would be designed to determine what roles and responsibilities
               each should assume. The municipalities included in the study
               would be chosen by criteria such as gross population, popula-
               tion density and population growth rate.                                       During the  continuing planning program,      a study will   be
                     The nature and problems of recreation in New Jersey's               undertaken   to define these groups in New Jersey, including
               urban areas must be defined it specific facilities and programs           the elderly, the handicapped and the physically and econom-
               are to be devised to deal with them. This necessitates ex-                ically disadvantaged, and people with distinctive ethnic or
               amining urban municipalities in order to see what facilities              cultural orientations. Data will be gathered on each group
               exist, what are their capacities, what are their condition and            indicating its size and locations, recreation and leisure time
               level of maintenance, who uses them and for what types of                 activities and interest, factors preventing full participat    'ion,
               act!'vities, and what are the physical or social barriers pre-            and what facilities and outreach programs are needed to help
               venting maximum use.                                                      these people find the opportunities they desire.

                     SPECIAL GROUPS                                                          RECREATION STANDARDS

                     The focus of this plan and indeed of most statewide recre-              The current plan points out that facility standards accept-
               ation plans is primarily on determining the needs of the general          able in rural areas are not necessarily acceptable in urban
               population for open space and outdoor recreation facilities.              areas. Urban residents, for example, may be accustomed to

               192
<pb n="199" />

               more heavily used swimming pools than suburban residents                        In 1971, New Jersey took a major step forward in pro-
               would willingly tolerate. For this reason, the Urban Needs Study          viding the means for promoting environmental education
               followed a somewhat different approach to determine demand                throughout the State. The Environmental Education Act has
               in urban areas than was used in the statewide demand method-              stimulated the development of numerous environmentally
               ology.                                                                    oriented programs in local schools. Previously (in 1967), the
                    Although this assumption is assumed valid, the extent and            State had created a State Council for Environmental Education
               nature of these differences have yet to be defined in New Jer-            with funds from Title I I I of ESEA. The Council prepared a Mas-
               sey. As part of the continuing planning program, a study will             ter Plan for Environmental Education which lays out a broad
               be undertaken to survey use patterns of different types of                course of action which will unify in a cooperative effort the
               facilities in urban, suburban and rural settings. This data will          many isolated environmental education activities now going on
               provide the basis for determining facility standards for all activi-      in the State, to result in a comprehensive program of elemen-
               ties and types of areas in New Jersey. A comparison of these              tary and secondary, adult and higher education. The council
               conclusions with refined demand data will provide a more pre-             has also undertaken several projects dealing with curriculum,
               cise basis for determining needs.                                         training and administrative components of environmental
                                                                                         education.
                                                                                               The Department of Education is instructed by the 1971 Act
                                                                                         to consult with the Department of Environmental Protection
                                                                                         "to designate and operate and develop Regional Environmental
                                                                                         Education Centers and facilities for the purposes of assisting
                                                                                         in the development of environmental education programs in
                                                                                         each school district and providing environmental education
                                                                                         instruction to public and non-profit elementary and secondary
                                                                                         students and teachers." In its capacity of providing information
                                                                                         to the public on environmentally related topics and assisting
                                                                                         local environmental commissions, it is appropriate for the
                                                                                         Department of Environmental Protection to take an active role
                                                                                         in promoting and assisting in the development of all types of
                                                                                         environmental education programs. As a part of this effor          t,
                    ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION                                              the continuing planning program will explore ways in which
                                                                                         the Department is currently fulfilling this responsibility and
                     In an effort to help the citizens of New Jersey better under-       determine what additional efforts the Department could be
               stand their State, its natural resources, its economic and social         making in this area through technical assistance, use of state
               trends, and threats to its environmental quality, programs of             lands as learning laboratories, etc.
               environmental education are important. Such programs include
               classroom work as well as field work for all school age young                   RECREATION TRAVEL PATTERNS OF RESIDENTS
               people and public information programs for all age groups. The                  AND NON-RESIDENTS
               purpose of these programs is to make people aware of their
               State's natural resources and environmental quality and the                     In New Jersey there is   a high degree of travel for recre-
               need to take care of these resources before they are destroyed            ation purposes by residents and non-residents. Residents of
               altogether.                                                               neighboring states, especially those which are designated in

                                                                                                                                                          193
<pb n="200" />

               the plan as part of the Recreation Sphere of Influence, travel                     TRAILS
               in large numbers to New Jersey's recreation areas, primarily                       The National Trails System Act of 1968 designated the
               the Atlantic coastline, for both vacation and day use visits.                Appalachian Trail, of which approximately 60 miles are within
               The pattern is also seen in reverse with many New Jersey                     the northwestern section of New Jersey, as one of the initial
               residents traveling north, south, east and west, often out-of-               components of the system. Two other trails in New Jersey have
               state, for a wide variety of recreation experiences. Some in-                been designated as components of the national system. Both
               formation on resident travel patterns was provided by a study                these trails, the Palisades Shore Trail and the Palisades Long
               prepared in conjunction with the earlier statewide recreation                Path, are in the Palisades Interstate Park and were designated
               plan. Studies which will shed additional light on the travel pat-            as National Recreation Trails.
               terns of both groups would be helpful in recreation and trans-                     There are other trails and rights-of-way in New Jersey
               portation planning. It would be useful to know where non-resi-               which are potential candidates for inclusion as National Recre-
               dents come from, who they are, where they go in New Jersey                   ation Trails. Canal towpaths, railroad abandonments, utility
               and for what purpose. New Jersey residents, on the other hand,               rights-of-way and existing trails can and do provide opportuni-
               seek recreation opportunities outside the State. It would be                 ties for hiking, horseback riding, bicycling, snowmobile and
               useful to know some of the characteristics of these people, why              motorcycle riding or a combination of these uses. These poten-
               they are going out of the State rather than seeking recreation               tial trails are reasonably accessible to urban areas and could be
               in New Jersey, and where they are going. If New Jersey's citi-               considered for national designation. However, before these
               zens are forced to travel out of state to seek recreation facilities         trails can be nominated to receive national recreation status,
               which should be available within the State, this will demonstrate            their corridors should be publicly owned or placed under ease-
               the critical need for more massive and more effective planning,              ment agreements to insure their availability to the public for at
               funding and construction of recreation facilities within New                 least ten consecutive years. A trails study       conducted for the
               Jersey.                                                                      purpose of establishing a statewide       system   of interconnecting

                                                                                                                                                     -.6

               194
<pb n="201" />

                trails will permit the State to undertake a program of identi-           (totaling approximately 100 miles in length) of the Mullica
                fying and nominating trails for national recognition.                    River, Bass River, Batsto River, Nescochague Creek, and the
                                                                                         Wading River including the West Branch and East Branch
                     MULLICA RIVER SYSTEM-STATE SCENIC AND                               (Oswego River).
                     RECREATIONAL RIVERS SYSTEM

                     New Jersey, due to its geological heritage, has many fine
                rivers and streams suitable for various recreational activit    ie s
                commonly associated with such water courses. Already many
                of New Jersey's streams and rivers, or segments of them, have
                lost much of their value as recreational resources. Unfortunate-
                ly, the products of urbanization- serious water pollution and
                intense industrial and residential development along their
                banks-have impaired recreational use of these rivers or re-              W
                duced the quality of experience possible.
                     The Department of Environmental Protection has been                 W116=
                directed by the Governor to take all of the steps necessary to
                have the Mullica River System designated a component of the
                                                                                                                                      4VI
                National Wild and Scenic Rivers System and receive the pro-
                tection provided under this program. To accomplish this task
                the Department will conduct a study to determine the suitability
                                                                                                        -Mi
                of the rivers comprising the system (see list) for national
                designation as required by the National Wild and Scenic Rivers
                Act. A bill creating a State Scenic and Recreational Rivers Sys-
                tem and designating the Mullica River System as the initial
                component will be drafted and presented to the State Legisla-
                ture for enactment. Permanent protection of the system's
                components and adjoining lands will be provided in the pro
                posed act in conformance with federal requirements.
                     Other rivers or sections of rivers in New Jersey possessing              Mullica - The  entire river, except that portion  which    lies
                significant scenic, natural or recreation qualities will be studied           upstream from Medford Road (approximately 42 miles
                for possible inclusion in the state system and nomination to the              in length).
                national system. The following list of rivers identified for study
                is not intended to represent a complete list of candidates.                   Bass River-The segment (approximately 5 miles in
                                                                                              length) below Stage Road to its confluence with the
                Potential Components Of The State                                             Mullica River.
                Scenic and Recreational Rivers System                                         Batsto River-The segment (approximately 14 miles in
                Mullica River System (Atlantic, Burlington, Camden and Ocean                  length) between the hamlet of Hampton Gate and its
                Counties; Southwest and South Shore Regions): Sections                        confluence with the Mullica River.

                                                                                                                                                         195
<pb n="202" />

                    Nescochague Creek and Great Swamp Branch-The                         Great Egg Harbor River (Atlantic County; South Shore Re-
                    segment (approximately 7 miles in length) from Route 206             gion) -The segment (approximately 22 miles in length) begin-
                    to its confluence with the Mullica. River.                           ning below the dam at the hamlet of Penny Pot and terminating
                    Wading River and its tributaries, the East Branch (Oswego            at Great Egg Harbor Bay.
                    River) and the West Branch-The Wading River (ap-                     Maurice River (Salem and Cumberland Counties; Delaware
                    proximately 10 miles in length) from the confluence of the           Bay Region) -The segment (approximately 17 miles in length)
                    East and West Branches to its confluence with the Mullica            beginning at a point 2 miles downstream from Malaga to the
                    River, the segment (approximately 12 miles in length) of             dam at Millville City creating Union Lake.
                    the East Branch downstream from the reservoir at Sims
                    Place and the segment (approximately 12 miles in length)                  FRESHWATER RESOURCES
                    of the West Branch downstream from Route 563 at
                    Speedwell.                                                                In preparing the present plan, a survey of the State's lakes,
                                                                                         ponds and reservoirs was conducted. The inventory identified
              Passaic River (Essex, Morris, Passaic, Somerset and Union                  all freshwater resources in New Jersey, their location by munic-
              Counties; Northeast and Central Corridor Regions) -The seg-                ipality and county, their size and ownership and whether or
              ment (approximately 32 miles in length) from Route 512 below               not they were open for recreational use. This data formed the
              Millington to Route 23 at Signac.                                          basis for much of the plan's discussion of water resources. Ad-
                                                                                         ditional information is required, however, to permit more de-
              South Branch of the Raritan River (Hunterdon and Somerset                  tailed analysis and recommendations for meeting the State's
              Counties; Northwest and Central Corridor Regions) -The seg-                demand for water-based recreation.
              ment (approximately 25 miles in length) from High Bridge to                     As part of the continuing planning program, it is proposed
              its confluence with the North Branch.                                      to explore the following questions: (1) what is the relationship
              Rancocas Creek (Burlington County; Southwest Region) -The                  of water body size to type of activity use; (2) what is the com-
              segment (approximately 23 miles in length) from Browns Mills               patibility of use by different activities from boating to swimming;
              downstream to its confluence with the Delaware River.                      (3) to what extent is access available including different modes
                                                                                         of transportation, parking spaces and boat launching facilities.
              Ramapo River (Bergen, Morris and Passaic Counties; North
              Central and Northeast Regions) -The segment (approximately                      ATLANTIC COASTLINE
              18 miles in length) from Route 517 two miles upstream from                      New Jersey's single greatest natural resource is its Atlan-
              Darlington to its confluence with the Passaic River.                       tic Coastline, famous for its beaches and boating opportunities.
              North Branch of the Raritan River (Somerset County; Central                Since the latter part of the nineteenth century, New Jersey's
              Corridor Region) -The segment (approximately 10 miles in                   temperate Atlantic shore has provided fashionable resorts
              length) from Route 523 at Bedminister downstream to its con-               (e.g., Atlantic City, Cape May, Red Bank, Long Branch, Ocean
              fluence with the South Branch.                                             City and Asbury Park) and served as a recreational outlet for
                                                                                         Philadelphia, New York City and New Jersey's urban centers.
              Paulins Kill (Sussex and Warren Counties; Northwest Re-                         The shore areas are now experiencing a number of prob-
              gion) -The segment (approximately 18 miles in length) from                 lems which may reduce the attractiveness and usefulness of
              Stillwater to its confluence with the Delaware River at Colum-             coastal resources. These problems include beach erosion,
              bia.                                                                       water pollution, user fees, and lack of access because of the

              196
<pb n="203" />

                 inadequacies of transportation, parking spaces and launching                Sehedule
                 areas. Despite these difficulties the shore still draws large
                 numbers of people on hot summer weekends from urban inland
                 areas of New Jersey and neighboring states. These people                         The time schedule for completing the Continuing Planning
                 are often attracted to a relatively few heavily used areas while            Program extends to four years, beginning July 1, 1973, in
                 other parts of the shore are underutilized.                                 order to enable the Department of Environmental Protection
                      To insure the proper distribution of shore use and pro-                to address itself to all the areas of study deemed important
                 tection of the quality of this resource, a detailed study of beach          and to permit the in depth research which will make the studies
                 an'd water area (coastal zone and bays), facility supply owner-             meaningful.
                 ship, fees, water quality, user origin, parking and boat launch-                 The scheduling of work within the four-year period has
                 ing facilities will be undertaken. (Additional information on the           taken into consideration the following factors: the importance
                 coastal wetlands will be provided under the wetlands legislation            of the project; the stage at which the information is needed; the
                 and inventory. See Related Programs.) With this information,                length of time required to gather the information and any pos-
                 state and local   governments will be better able to utilize this           sible difficulties in designing, testing and carrying out data
                 resource to its   capacity and, thus, maintain recreational op-             collection procedures; the interrelationship of studies to the
                 portunities for   New Jersey residents and a highly valuable                extent that a study can be combined with another to facilitate
                 tourist industry.                                                           data gathering or that one study     requires information collected

                     V/
                                               4;                                                                       6

                                                        "411 A

               rz, f"@/f

                                                                                                                                                                197
<pb n="204" />

                   CONTINUING PLANNING PROGRAM                                                                       in another study; and the currency of the data (i.e., putting the
                   TIME WORK SCHEDULE                                                                                inventories as far forward as possible so the data will be rea-
                                                                                                                     sonably current when the final plan is prepared). When studies
                   INVENTORIES                               1973-1974 1974-1975 11975-1 97C      1976-1977          were not affected by any of these factors, they were scheduled
                                                                                                                     so as to provide as nearly as possible an even distribution of the
                    Public Open Space                                                                                work load. (See Table.)

                    Private Open Space

                    Public Facilities
                    Private Facilities                                                                               Staffing
                                                                                                                            Supervision and coordination of the Continuing Planning
                   STUDIES                                                                                           Program will be provided by the comprehensive recreation
                                                                                                                     planning staff of the Department of Environmental Protection's
                    Demand
                                                                                                                     Office of Environmental Review. The three full-time planning
                    Urban Needs                                   Xxxx%                                              positions presently devoted to SCORP work will continue to be
                                                                                                                     involved in the Continuing Planning Program. Their role, how-
                    Special Groups                                M.X..                                              ever, will be primarily a supervisory one. The studies and in-
                                                                              XXX X.
                                                                                                                     ventories will be designed, their conduct coordinated and in
                    Recreation Standards                                            X
                                                                                      X-:-X-N-:-:-X
                                                                                   ... ...........                   some cases the work done, the data tabulated and analyzed
                    Environmental     Education                                                                      and the revised plan prepared by this staff. Much of the time
                                                                                                                     and manpower needed to carry out the detailed work of the
                    Travel Patterns                                                                                  studies and inventories will be provided by a number of public
                                                                                                                     and private institutions and organizations many of whom have
                    Trails
                                                                                                                     provided assistance in the past and have indicated a desire and
                                                               .... ..                                               commitment to do so in the future.
                    Scenic   &amp; Recreational Rivers
                                                                                                                            The public agencies at the state level include, first of all,
                    Freshwater Resources                                                                             the divisions and personnel of the Department of Environmental
                                                                                                                     Protection. Additional state agencies will be utilized where
                    At lant ic Coast                                                                                                                                                       -the Division
                                                                                                                     their expertise and personnel are appropriate
                                                                                                                     of State and Regional Planning and the Division of Human
                                                                                                                     Resources in the Department of Community Affairs; the Divi-
                   PREPARATION OF DETAILED                    X-                                                     Sion of Planning and Research in the Department of Transport-
                   FRAMEWORK FOR CONTINUING                                                                          ation; the Council on Environmental Education of the Depart-
                   PLANNING PROGRAM                                                                                  ment of Education; the State Soil Conservation Service; and the
                                                                                                                     Division of Planning in the Department of Institutions and Agen-
                                                                                                                     cies. At the local level, county park, planning, and environmen-
                   PREPARATION OF UPDATED                                                                            tal commissions plus municipal environmental commissions will
                   COMPREHENSIVE OUTDOOR
                                                                                      ..........
                                                                                     ... M -
                                                                                                 F

                   RECREATION PLAN                                                                                   assist in updating open space and facility inventories. In addi-
                                                                                                                     tion to the public agencies, the private sector can be expected

                   198
<pb n="205" />

                to cooperate through the services of the Audubon Society, the             has been determined. During the first six months of the Con-
                New Jersey-New York Trails Conference, the New Jersey Asso-               tinuing Planning Program, the Department's comprehensive
                ciation for Retarded Children and the Sierra Club.                        recreation planning staff will study all aspects of the program
                     Another vital source will be the State's institutions of             in detail. Each study will be outlined in terms of goals, data to
                higher education. The Department of Environmental Protection              be collected and the procedures for analysis, and the use to
                has several projects underway with the State University at                which the information will be made in the comprehensive plan.
                Rutgers and this institution can provide valuable assistance in           When this has been completed, the staff will, when appropriate,
                a number of ways. Furthermore, the Department has developed               contact those individuals or groups whose assistance will be
                cooperative arrangements with state colleges and private                  required to carry out the specific work tasks.
                institutions such as Princeton and Fairleigh-Dickinson.                        The tabulation and analysis of data will be facilitated by the
                     In addition, it may be necessary to draw upon consultants            use of the programming and computer capabilities of the De-
                to carry out specific study projects. This will be done when the          partment of Environmental Protection as well as similar techni-
                needed skills can best be provided in this manner.                        cal capability in other agencies. It is the intention of the Office
                     The exact nature of the services provided by each of these           of Environmental Review to use this capability in creating an
                agencies and organizations cannot be delineated until the                 efficient system of data collection and analysis for all aspects
                specific objectives and methodology of each of the studies                of the Continuing Planning Program.

                                                                                                      'A@
                                                                                                                                   REA,

                "7

                                                                                                                                                          199
<pb n="206" />

                                                                                                            APPENDICES

                APPENDIX A                                                               mental Protection, and the office of Commissioner of Conserva-
                                                                                         tion and Economic Development is hereby continued and
                      LEGAL CITATIONS (NEW JERSEY STATUTES)                              designated as the office of the Commissioner of Environmental
                                                                                         Protection. L.1970, c. 33, § 2, eff. Apr. 22, 1970.
                113AB-65. Federalgrants
                     The department, or any of the divisions established here-           113:113-2. Continuation of functions
                under, may, subject to the approval of the Governor and Com-                   Except as otherwise provided by this act, all the functions,
                missioner of Conservation and Economic Development, apply                powers and duties of the existing Department of Conservation
                for and accept grants from the Federal Government or any                 and Economic Development and the commissioner thereof are
                agency thereof, and may comply with the terms, conditions and            continued in the Department of Environmental Protection as
                limitations thereof, for any of the purposes of the department,          hereby designated and in the office of the commissioner there-
                or of such division. Any money so received may be expended               of. L.1970, c. 33, § 2, eff. Apr. 22, 1970.
                by the department, or such division, subject to any limitations
                imposed in such grants to effect any of the purposes of the
                department, or of such division, as the case may be, upon
                warrant of the Director of the Division of Budget and Account-           13:1 D-9.   Powers of department
                ing of the Department of the Treasury on vouchers certified and                The department shall formulate comprehensive policies
                approved by the Commissioner of Conservation and Economic                for the conservation of the natural resources of the State, the
                Development. L.1948, c. 448, p. 1842, § 116.                             promotion of environmental protection and the prevention of
                                                                                         pollution of the environment of the State. The department shall
                                                                                         in addition to the powers and duties vested in it by this act or
                13:1 D-1.   Reorganization of Department of     Conservation and         by any other law have the power to: ...
                Economic Development                                                           With the approval of the Governor, cooperate with, apply
                     The Department of Conservation and Economic Develop-                for, receive and expend funds from, the Federal Government,
                ment heretofore established as a principal department in the             the State Government, or any county or municipal government
                Executive Branch of the State Government is hereby reorga-               or from any public or private sources for any of the objects of
                nized, continued and designated as the Department of Environ-            this act; ...

                                                                                                                                                          201
<pb n="207" />

                                                                                                                        APPENDIX R

                                                                                                                               METHODOLOGY OF DEMAND DERIVATION

                                                                                                                               The main objective of the methodology is to provide a
                                                                                                                        framework by which demand may be estimated for an average
                                                  S-r-A.T11 OF NIEW JIERSBY                                             weekend day in the peak season. In Chapter 11, innovative
                                                  OFFICB OP @HB OOVERNOR
                                                            TnEN@ON                                                     concepts and techniques employed in the methodology were
                                                                                                                        discussed; the following paragraphs will explain in detail the
                         W110.. I. C-ILL                                                                                procedures followed in the conversion of activity days derived
                              G- .....                                                                                  in the ORRRC studies for the Northeastern region of the United
                                                                                                                        States to recreation demand for New Jersey.
                                                                                                                               Because of the similarity of the socio-economic charac-
                                                 Re: A3819                                                              teristics of New Jersey to those of the Northeastern region of
                          Dear Mr. Hofe:              Designations of State Officials and Agencies                      the United States, the ORRRC Northeastern activity days were
                                Pursuant to Section 5(f) of the Land and Water Conservation Fund                        considered reflective of the influence of these characteristics
                          Act relating to the State officials and agencies having authority to                          on recreation participation and adequate for use in the method-
                          acce  Pt Land and Water Conservation Fund payments, I am pleased to
                          designate Richard J. Sullivan, Commissioner of our newly established                          ology as the basis for determining New Jersey's recreation
                          Department of Environmental Protection, as State Liaison Officer for
                          the State of New Jersey to the Land and Water Conservation Fund Program,                      demand.
                          Bureau of Outdoor Recreation.                                                                        In the ORRRC studies, activity days were determined for
                                Commissioner Sullivan, acting in the capacity of State Liaison                          1960 for the Northeast region of the nation and then pro-
                          Offic?r. will have full authority and responsibility to accept and to.
                          admin Is ter funds paid for approved Land and Water Conservation Fund                         jected for the years 1976 and 2000 for the entire United
                          Projects.                                                                                     States.' Since this plan's reference years, 1970 and 1985, do
                                                                         Sincerely,                                     not correspond with the ORRRC projection years, the fore-
                                                                    /s/ William T.   Cahill                             casted percentage increases for the United States were ap-
                                                                         GOVERNOR                                       plied to the Northeastern activity days. The Northeast activity
                          Mr. G. Douglas Hofe, Jr.,                                                                     rates were then projected to 1970, 1985 and 2000 as shown in
                          Director                                                                                      Table 1.
                          Bureau  of Outdoor Recreation                                                                        The Northeast ORRRC activity rates for the peak season,
                          United States De partment of the Interior
                          Washington, D.C. 20240                                                                        expressed in terms of "activity days", represent the number of
                          May 13, 1970                                                                                  separate activity occasions engaged in by an individual during
                          cc: Mr. Rolland B. Handley                                                                    the peak season. Since people commonly participate in two
                                Mr. Richard J. Sullivan                                                                 or more activities during a day, activity days converted to
                                                                                                                        demand would represent the total number of persons recreating
                                                                                                                        for a day. In order to facilitate comparison of demand to the
                                                                                                                        capacities of facilities, activity days were converted to recrea-
                                                                                                                        tion days, persons participating in an activity for a day. For the

                                                                                                               J        IORRRC Report #19, pp. 122-138, Tables 1.02.02-1.02.18, p. 22, Table 6.

                   202
<pb n="208" />

                           TABLE 1: DERIVATION OF THE ACTIVITY RATE                                                                                      TABLE 2: ACTIVITY AND RECREATION DAYS
                                               FOR SWIMMING, 1970, 1985, 2000                                                                                                 PER PERSON IN 1970, 1985 AND                                          2000

                                                                                                                                                                                                    1970                         1985                            2000
                           1.    U.S. Swimming Activity Days (ORRRC)                                                                                                                       Activity Recreation           Activity    Recreation Activity         Recreation
                                 a. In 1960-5.15 Activity Days Per Person                                                                                                                     Days          Days           Days           Days         Days         Days
                                 b. In 2000-10.42 Activity Days Per Person                                                                               Swimming                             8.565         4.283        1 I-1a3          5.592        13.800       6.960
                                                                                                                                                         Driving for Pleasure                 8.020         4.010          9.205          4.602        10.390       5.195
                                 c. The increase is 102.3%                                                                                               Walking for Pleasure                 7@298         3.649          8.380          4.190        9,460        4.730
                                                                                                                                                         Playing Outdoor Games                4,815         2.408          6.173          3.087        7.530        3.760
                           2.    Northeast Swimming Activity Days                                                                                        Picnicking                           3.208         1.604          3.805          1.903        4.400        2.220
                                                                                                                                                         Sightseeing                          2,689         1.344          3.734          1.867        4.790        2.340
                                 a.    In 1960 - 6.82 Activity Days Per Person                                                                           Fishing                              1,947           .973         2.235          1.117        2,530        1.260
                                 b.    6.82 X 102.3% = 6.98 Activity Days                                Per Person Increase                             Bicycling                            1.770           .885         2.034          1.017        2.300        1.150
                                       by 2000                                                                                                           Boating                              1.764           .882         2.337          1.169        2.910        1.470
                                 c.    6.82 + 6.98 = 13.80 Activity Days Per                             Person in 2000                                  Sledding                             1@336           .668         1.771          .885         2@210        1.100
                                                                                                                                                         Ice Skating                          1.260           .630         1.673          .837         2.090        1.050
                                                                                                                                                         Nature Walking                       1.260           .630         1.448          .724         1.640        .820
                           3.    The    Swimming activity rate per person increased 6.98 between                                                         Attending Outdoor Sports             1@255           .627         1.413          .707         1.570        .780
                                 1960 and 2000, an annual increase of .1745                                                                              Hunting                              .598            .299          .598          .299         .590         .290
                                                                                                                                                         Camping                              .518            .259          .800          .400         1.080        .540
                           4.    1970 rate = 10(.1745) + 6.82 = 8.565 Swimming Activity Days                                                             Water Skiing                         .428            .214          .635          .317         .840         .420
                                 Per Person                                                                                                              Hiking                               .418            .209          .636          .318         .860         .430
                                                                                                                                                         Attending Outdoor Concerts           .405            .203          .518          .259         .630         .310
                                 1985 rate = 25(.1745) + 6.82 = 11.1825 Swimming Activity                                                                Horseback Riding                     .322            .161          .367          .183         .410         .200
                                 Days Per Person                                                                                                         Snow Skiing                          .230            .115          .344          .172         .460         .230
                                 2000 rate = 40(.1745) + 6.82 = 13.80 Swimming Activity Days                                                             Sailing                              .130            .065          .170          .085         .210         .100
                                                                                                                                                         Canoeing                             .110            .055          .148          .074         .190         .090
                                 Per Person                                                                                                              Mountain Climbing                    .092            .046          .137          .068         .180         .090
                                                                                                                                                             Totals                         46.438          24.219        59.744        29.872         71.070    35.535

                           purpose of this study, it was assumed that, on the average, a                                                                 Northeast rates resulting in 9.82 in 1970, 11.77 in 1985, and
                           person will participate in two recreation activities per day. The                                                             13.10 in 2000. The home days                                 per person were derived by
                           total number of activity days per person for each activity was                                                                subtracting the away days from the total recreation days as
                           then divided by two to arrive at recreation days (see Table 2).                                                               indicated below.
                                   Since many people travel long distances to participate in                                                                                                                            1970                  1985                  2000
                           outdoor recreation, interregional trips by New Jersey residents                                                               Total Recreation Days                                          24.22                 29.87                 35.54
                           within New Jersey and out-of-state residents recreating in New                                                                    Away Days                                                -9.82               -11.77                 -13.10
                           Jersey were considered in the demand derivation. ORRRC                                                                            Home Days                                                  14.40                 18.10                 22.44
                           reported the total away recreation days occurring during the                                                                          The distribution of away days and home days for each
                           1960 peak season as 8.6 days per person in the Northeast                                                                      activity was based upon the percent distribution data for the
                           region      .2  However, ORRRC did not forecast the peak season                                                               major purpose of trips and outings reported by ORRR                                                     C. 3 The
                           away days for the Northeast region, and it was necessary to                                                                   final determination of recreation days occurring away from
                           apply the nationally projected increase in away days to the                                                                   home was based upon judgment as to a reasonable relation
                           2 ORRRC Report # 19, p. 369, Table 5.43.                                                                                      31bid., p. 363, Table 5.37.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      203
<pb n="209" />

                between total recreation days and away days for each activity.                   For study purposes, it was assumed that all out-of-state
                The distribution of home recreation days was then determined               away demand originated from within the bounds of New
                by subtracting the estimated away days from the total recrea-              Jersey's RSI. However, it must be noted that not all of New
                tion days.                                                                 Jersey's away demand originates within the RSI. But the
                     To determine the total recreation demand, the home and                recreation influence of a larger area would be extremely
                away recreation days were treated separately. Since home                   difficult to analyze in terms of population, relative attractiveness
                based recreation demand will occur in the region of residence,             of New Jersey recreation areas and other factors.
                it was assumed that home recreation demand is a function of                      New Jersey and its RSI were divided into eleven zones and
                the population of each region. Therefore, the home recreation              a centroid was then selected for each zone. It was assumed
                days for each activity were multiplied by the 1970 population of           all travel emanating from the zone originated at that point. Two
                each region to yield peak season home recreation demand for                circles were drawn, one for vacations and trips and one for
                each region. This procedure was repeated for 1985 and 2000                 outings with radii corresponding to appropriate travel dis-
                using population forecasts and activity rate projections.                  tances. (Refer to map entitled "Influence Areas For Away
                       Region Population X Recreation Day =Home Recreation Demand          Demand.")
                                                         during Peak Season                      From the 1960 Census of Housing the number of vacation
                     Since away demand involves an interregional and inter-                homes within each travel range circle was determined. The
                state trip, the total away recreation demand in New Jersey was             proportion of total vacation homes in New Jersey within the
                first estimated and then distributed to the regions based on               travel range circle of a zone was used to estimate the
                some measure of relative attractiveness of the various recrea-             tendency of people from that particular zone to satisfy in New
                tion regions; that is, those areas in the State where people are           Jersey their away demand occurring on vacations, trips and
                most likely to travel to satisfy their recreation desires.                 outings.
                     All away demand occurs on either an outing, trip or vaca-                   The number
                tion. In order to estimate away demand, the number of persons                                 of away days, 9.82 days per person in 1970, is
                taking outings, trips or vacations in New Jersey must be                   comprised of 5.72 days for vacations and trips and 4.10 days for
                ascertained. Based upon time-distance travel patterns, two                 outings.5 Multiplying 5.72 days per person times the population
                ranges of travel were established: one for vacations and trips             of each region yields the total number of vacation and trip
                and one for outings.                                                       recreation days produced by that particular zone. By repeating
                     A Recreational Sphere of Influence consisting of 19                   this procedure and inserting 4.10 days as the multiplier, the
                counties from the neighboring states of Delaware, Maryland,                total number of outing recreation days produced by each region
                New York, and Pennsylvania was defined for New Jersey.                     is obtained. The percent of vacation homes contained in the
                Based upon travel time patterns for recreation, driving time               travel range for vacations and trips for each zone located in
                from out-of-state regions to major New Jersey recreation                   New Jersey is applied to the total number of vacation and trip
                areas, New Jersey's unique and highly developed shore, and                 recreation days produced by that particular zone. The results
                statistical data on the origin of out-of-state visitors to New             represent the proportion of each region's vacation and trip
                Jersey recreation areas, the RSI was judged the most signifi-              recreation days that will be satisfied in New Jersey. This
                cant contributor of out-of-state visitors to New Jersey's                  procedure is repeated using the percent of vacation homes
                recreation areas.4                                                         located in New Jersey within each zone's outing travel range
                -                                                                          and the outing recreation days produced by that particular
                4Data extracted from a study conducted by the Department of Conservation
                and Economic Development entitled "Report on New Jersey's Vacation          The breakdown of away days into vacations, trips, and outings is based on
                Guests in 1962."                                                            the ORRRC distribution of away days: ORRRC Report #26, p. 24, Table 7.

                204
<pb n="210" />

                       INFLUENCE AREA                   FOR                                                                            TABLE 3: VACATIONS AND TRIPS AWAY DEMAND
                       AWAY DEMAND                                                                                                                      IN NEW JERSEY
                                                                                                                           C'
                                                                                                                                                        1970

                                                                                                                    L

                                                                                                                                                                            (2)                     (3)                       (4)
                                                                                                                                                                      (col. I x 5.72)
                                                                                                      R                                                                                      percent of total
                                                                                                                                                                      population times vacation homes with (col. 2 x col. 3) zonal
                                                                                                                                                                                            zonal vacation &amp;        vacation &amp; trip days
                                                                                                                                                                      vacation &amp; trip
                                                                                                                                                        1970 Zonal    days per petson      trips travel range       times D/, New Jersey
                                                                                                                                                        Population         (5.72)
                                                                                                                           Uf.                                                               in New Jersey             vacation homes
                                                                                                                                           Zone

                                                                                                                                       Recreational
                                     "oGA
                                                                                                                                         Sphere of
                                                                                                                                          Influence
                                                                                                                                                        2,897,295        16,572,527               39.78                   6,592,551
                                                                                                                                               2        4,970,4685       28,431,060               36.54                   10,388,709
                                                                                                                                               3        1,341,870         7,675,496               33.66                   2,583,572
                                                                                                                                               4            57,240           327,413              34.85                      114,103
                        &lt;                                                                                                                      5          884,728         5,060,644               64.18                   3,247,921
                            Ao
                              . .....                                 4j,                                                                      6        3,450,754        19,738,313               69.19                   13,656,939
                                m
                                                                                                                                               7          439,147         2,511,921                                       1,550,358
                                                                                                                                                                                                  61.72

                       o                                                                                                               New Jersey
                                                                            @'4                                                        North            4,045,741        23,141,639               37.52                   8,682,743
                       60F                                              N                                                              Central          1,086,153         6,212,795               50.29                   3,124,415
                                                                                                                                       North Shore      1,602,404         9,165,751
                                                                                                                                                                                                  67.69                   6,204,297
                                                                                                                                       South Shore        433,866         2,481,714               61.06                   1,515,335

                                             ..........
                                                                                                                                                                            Total Vacation &amp; Trip Away Demant             57,660,943

                                                                                                                                       Recreational Sphere of Influence
                                                                                                                                       1 - Kings and Richmond counties, New York
                                                                                                                                       2- Bronx, New York and Queens counties, New York
                                                                ..... . . . . . . . . . . . .                                          -Orange, Rockland and Westchester counties, New York
                                                                                                                                       3
                                                                                                                                       4 - Monroe and Pike counties, Pennsylvania
                           Lou-                                                                                                        5 -Bucks, Lehigh and Northhampton counties, Pennsylvania
                                                                                                                                       6-Chester, Delaware, Montgomery, and Philadelphia counties, Pennsylvania
                                                                                                                                       7-Cecil County, Maryland and New Castle County, Delaware
                                                                                        RANGE OF TRAVEL FOR
                                          2                                                                                            New Jersey
                                                                                        NEW JERSEY AND ITS R.S.I.
                                                                                                                                       North Zone- Bergen, Essex, Hudson Hunterdon, Morris, Passaic, Sussex, Union and Warren counties
                                                                                                                                       Central Zone - Mercer, Middlesex an@ Somerset counties
                                                                                                                                       North Shore Zone -Camden    'Gloucester and Monmouth counties, also northern sections
                                                                                                                                                          of Burlington and Ocean counties
                                                                                        NEW JERSEY R.S.I.                              South Shore Zone- Atlantic, Cape May, Cumberland and Salem counties, also southern sections of
                                              o
                                                                                                                                                          Burlington and Ocean counties

                                                                                        ZONAL LINES

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     205
<pb n="211" />

                      TABLE 4: OUTING AWAY DEMAND IN NEW JERSEY                                                                        region to determine the number of outing recreation days con-
                                        1970                                                                                           tributing to New Jersey's demand. The total peak season away
                                                                                                                                       demand for New Jersey was then determined by adding the
                                                                                                                                       total vacation and trip recreation days with the outing recreation
                                              (1)                  (2)                      (3)                   (4)                  days (see Tables 3 and 4).
                                                             (col. 1 x 4.10)        percent of total       (col. 2 x  col. 3)
                                                               population           vacation homes           zonal outing                       The total away demand for New Jersey must then be dis-
                                                              times outing        within zonal outing days times %                     tributed to the various regions. It was felt that at the state level
                                          1970 Zonal              days per            travel range           New Jersey                the attendance at public facilities would be a more valid
                            Zone          Population          person (4.10)          in New Jersey         vacation homes              measure of the recreational attractiveness of the various
                        Recreational                                                                                                   regions than the number of vacation homes. The attendance
                          Sphere of                                                                                                    figures of all state and federal facilities in New Jersey and those
                          influence                                                                                                    county and municipal facilities which had an away demand
                                           2,897,295              11,878,910              38.97                 .4,629,211             were compiled by region, and the total away demand was dis-
                                2          4,970,465              20,378,907              31.71                 6,462,151              tributed by each region's percentage of attendance at public
                                3          1,341,870              5,501,667               17.52                    963,892             recrea
                                4              57,240                234,684              17.73                      41,609                       tion facilities. Table 5 indicates the distribution format.
                                5             B84,728             3,627,385               61.45                 2,229,028                       The regional away demand was then distributed among
                                6          3,450,754              14,148,091              57.60                 8,149,300              the various recreational activities according to each activity's
                                7             439,147             1,800,503               72.22                 1,300,323              percentage of the total away days per person. In estimating the
                      New Jersey                                                                                                       away recreation demand in New Jersey for the years 1985 and
                      North                4,045,741              16,587,538              91.92                 15,247,265             2000 the same procedures were followed utilizing forecasted
                      Central              1,086,153              4,453,227               51.28                 2,283,615              data.
                      North Shore          1,602,404              6,569,856               77.65                 5,101,493                       To determine how much of the home and away peak sea-
                      South Shore             433,866             1,778,851               66.87                 1,189,518              son demand for each activity occurred on an average weekend
                                                               Total Outing Away Demand                         47,597,405             day, New Jersey's state parks and forests attendance figures
                                                    Total Vacation &amp; Trip Away Demand                           57,660,943             were studied. It was found that about 2% of the total peak
                                                                       Total Away Demand                       105,258,348             season attendance occurred on an average weekend. There-
                                                                                                                                       fore, with the exception of ice skating, the home and away
                      Recreational Sphere of influence                                                                                 peak season demands for each activity were multiplied by the
                      I - Kings and Richmond counties, New York                                                                        peaking factor, 2%, to yield the average weekend home and
                      2- Bronx, New York and Queens counties, New York                                                                 away demands during the peak season.
                      3- Orange, Rockland and Westchester counties, New York
                      4 - Monroe and Pike counties, Pennsylvania                                                                                For ice skating, the demand for each region was appor-
                      5 -Bucks, Leheigh and Northhampton counties, Pennsylvania
                      6-Chester, Delaware, Montgomery, and Philadelphia counties, Pennsylvania                                         tioned to the two types of facilities: natural ice areas and
                      7-Cecil County, Maryland and New Castle County, Delaware                                                         artificial ice areas. Temperature data obtained from the U.S.
                      New Jersey                                                                                                       Weather Bureau indicated that climatic conditions in the north-
                      North Zone- Bergen, Essex. Hudson, Hunterdon, Morris, Passaic, Sussex, Union and Warren counties                 ern regions would permit a greater proportion of the ice skating
                      Central Zone - Mercer, Middlesex and Somerset counties
                      North Shore Zone - Camden, Gloucester and Monmouth counties, also northern sections of Burlington and            demand to be met at natural ice areas than in the southern
                                          Ocean counties                                                                               regions. Therefore, a percentage distribution for ice skating
                      South Shore Zone- Atlantic, Cape May, Cumberland and Salem counties. also southern sections of
                                          Burlington and Ocean counties                                                                demand was determined for each region based upon the tem-

                      206
<pb n="212" />

                           perature data. The 2% peaking factor was then applied to the                                                                   TABLE 5: AWAY DEMAND                                          TABLE 6: PEAKING FACTORS
                           artificial ice demand to yield the average weekend peak season                                                                                    DISTRIBUTION                                                 NATURAL
                           demand for ice skating on artificial ice. Since the number of                                                                       Recreation                   % Public Facility                             ICE SKATING
                                                                                                                                                               . Region                            Attendance
                           days with subfreezing temperatures varies from region to                                                                            Northwest                             7.79                         Northwest                     20%
                           region, separate natural ice skating peaking factors were                                                                           North Central                       11.64                          North Central                 20%
                           determined for each region.                                                                                                         Northeast                             3.66                         Northeast                     25%
                                                                                                                                                               Central Corridor                      2.67                         Central Corridor              25%
                                   The appropriate peaking factor was then applied to the                                                                      North Shore                         24.54                          North Shore                   25%
                                                                                                                                                               Southwest                             3.08                         Southwest                     35%
                           natural ice skating demand for each region to yield peak season                                                                     South Shore                         44.22                          South Shore                   35%
                           weekend day demand for that particular region, Table 6 in-                                                                          Delaware Bay                          2.40
                           dicates the natural ice skating peaking factor.                                                                                                                         100.00%                        Delaware Bay                  40%

                           APPENDIX C                                                                                                                     APPENDIX D
                                  FEDERAL RECREATION AREAS-1971                                                         Total            1970                     STATE PARKS-1971                                          Total                 Water                1971
                                                                      Administering Agency           County             Acres         Attendance          Northwest Region                County                            Acres                 Acres             Attendance
                           Northwest Region                                                                             16,368        815,300                Allamuchy                    Warren &amp; Sussex                   21,502                1,353             815,938
                             Delaware Water Gap National              National Park. Service         Sussex &amp;           16,368        815,300"               Cranberry Lake               Sussex                            1,266                       54             2,050
                             Recreat on Area                                                         Warren                                                  Finesville                   Warren                              199                   129
                           North Central Region                                                                         6,856         542,000                Hacklebarney                 Hunterdon                               3
                             Morristown National Historic             National Park Service          Morris             1,367         401,000                High Point                   Sussex                                  2
                             Park                                                                                                                            Hopatcong                    Sussex                            12,372                      80          395,304
                             Great Swamp National                     Fish &amp; Wildlife Service        Morris             5,489         141,000                M usconetcong                Sussex                                15                      3
                             Wildlife Refuge                                                                                                                 Stephens                     Warren                              245                   230                36,070
                                                                                                                                                             Swartswood                   Sussex                              133                                   107,545
                           Northeast Region                                                                                 16        55,900                 Voorhees                     Hunterdon                         1,253                   602             104,742
                             Edison National Historic                 National Park Service          Essex                  16        55,900                 Wawayanda                    Sussex                              437                                      67,382
                             Site                                                                                                                                                                                           5,577                   255             102,845
                           North Shore Region                                                                             733         @27 248             North Central Region
                             Barnegat National Wildlife               Fish &amp; Wildlife Service        Ocean                652         27:248                 Allamuchy                    Morris                            7,940                   270             417,058
                             Refuge                                                                                                                          Farny                        Morris                            1,009                       50
                             Bay Head-Manasquan Canal                 U.S. Corps of Enginners        Monmouth               43                               Great Piece Meadows          Morris                              803
                                                                                                                                                             Greenwood Lake               Passaic                               79
                             Manasquan River Channel                  U.S. Corps of Enginners        Monmouth               36                               Hacklebarney                 Morris                            2,567                       12
                             Leonardo                                 U.S. Coast Guard               Monmouth                 2                              Hopatcong                    Morris                              550                                      90,556
                           South Shore Region                                                                           20,631.3      164557                 Musconetcong                 Morris                                92                      13          227,980
                             Brigantine National Wildlife Refuge      Fish &amp; Wildlife Service        Atlantic           19,645        164:557                Ringwood                     Passaic                               97                      85
                                                                                                                                                             Stephens                     Morris                            2,206                   100                98,522
                             Cape May Canal                           U.S. Corps of Engineers        Cape May             568                                Wawayanda                    Passaic                               89
                             Cape May Receiving Station               U.S. Coast Guard               Atlantic             418                                                                                                 448                       10
                             Brigantine Mooring                       U.S. Coast Guard               Atlantic                 0.3                         Northeast Region
                           Delaware Bay Region                                                                            635                                Great Piece Meadows          Essex                             1,299                       35
                             Killcohook National Wildlife             Fish &amp; Wildlife Service        Salem                635                                Liberty                      Hudson                              113
                             Refuge                                                                                                                          Ringwood                     Bergen                              281
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              905                       35
                           State Totals                                                                                 45,239.3 1,605,005                Central Corridor Region
                                                                                                                                                             Cheesequake                  Middlesex                         3,025                       28          708,404
                                                                                                                                                             Duck Island                  Mercer                            1,001                       10          141,524
                                                                                                                                                             Edison                       Middlesex                           123                       15
                                                                                                                                                             Hacklebarney                 Somerset                              35                      .5
                                                                                                                                                             Millstone River              Somerset                              17

                           *Attendance figures are not available.                                                                                         *Attendance figures are not available.
                             I ncludes 4,115 acres of land managed by permit.                                                                             -Attendance for area is reported under another region.                                          (continued)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       207
<pb n="213" />

                         APFENDIXD (continued)                                                                                                            APPENDIX E
                                                                                                                                                                   STATE FORESTS - 1971
                           Pigeon Swamp                  Middlesex                            792
                           Princeton Battlefield         Mercer                               185                                                                                                                             Total                 Water                1971
                           Washington Crossing           Mercer                                   51                                                                                        County                            Acres                 Acres             Attendance
                           Washington Rock               Somerset                             785                      2             515,092
                                                                                                  36                                   51,788             Northwest Region                                                    21,023                 143              221,119
                         North Shore Region                                                                                                                   Jenny Jump                    Warren                               967                      33           21,241
                           Allaire                       Monmouth                           8,530                    113           1,814,492                  Stokes                        Sussex                            14,232                      55          136,733
                           Barnegat                      Ocean                              2,021                      20            279,703                  Worthington                   Warren                            5,824                       55           63,145
                           Double Trouble                Ocean                                    31                   19            183,076
                           Island Beach                  Ocean                              1,614                      35                                 North Central Region                                                4,150                       25           12,460
                           Monmouth Battlefield          Monmouth                           2,694                                    567,366                  Hewitt, Abram S.              Passaic                           1,890                       25             5,255
                           Sandy Hook                    Monmouth                           1,375                                                             Norvin Green                  Passaic                           2,260                                      7,205
                                                                                              795                      39            784,347
                         Southwest Region                                                                                                                 North Shore Region                                                  9,309                       50
                           Duck Island                   Burlington                         2,794                      5                                      Lebanon                       Ocean                             9,309                       50
                           Hawk Island                   Burlington                               58                   5
                           Inskip                        Gloucester                               2                                                       Southwest Region                                                    60,318                 188               56,626
                           Mount Laurel                  Burlington                         1,658                                                             Bass River                    Burlington                             30
                           Rancocas                      Burlington                               20                                                          Lebanon                       Burlington                        17,704                 108               56,626
                                                                                            1,056                                                             Wharton                       Burlington &amp; Camden               42,584                      80
                         South Shore Region
                           Cape May Point                Cape May                             690                      4                                  South Shore Region                                                  79,189                 220              727,115
                           Corson's Inlet                Cape May                             151                      4                                      Bass River                    Burlington &amp; Ocean                9,070                       65          137,980
                           Great Sound                   Cape May                             341                                                             Penn                          Burlington                        3,366                                    49,616
                                                                                              198                                                             Wharton                       Burlington &amp; Atlantic             57,053                      75          412,220
                         Delaware Bay Region                                                                                                                  Belleplain                    Cape May                          9,700                       80          127,299
                           Fort Mott                     Salem                              1,229                    ill             232,042
                           Parvin                        Salem                                104                      2               52,757             Delaware Bay Region                                                 1,523                       8
                                                                                            1,125                    109             179,285                  Belleplain                    Cumberland                        1,523                       8
                         State Totals
                                                                                            47,009                 1,919           3,987,934              State Totals                                                      175,512                  634             1,017,325

                                          figures are not available.        "Attendance for area is reported under another region.                        -Attendance for area is reported under another region.

                         APPENDIX F                                                                                                                       APPENDIX G

                                STATE RECREATION AREAS-1971                                                                                                        DESIGNATED STATE NATURAL AREAS-1971

                                                                                            Total           Water                1971                                                                                                            Total                Water
                                                                     County                 Acres           Acres         Attendance                                                                               County                        Acres                Acres
                         Northwest Region                                                   6,208           3,640             104,811                     Northwest Region                                                                        446                    5
                             Bull's Island                       Hunterdon                        80                              7,971                       Bursch Sugar Maple                                 Warren                             25
                             Round Valley                        Hunterdon                  4,003           2,350                                             Whittingham                                        Sussex                           400                    5
                             Spruce Run                          Hunterdon                  2,125           1,290               96,840                        Johnsonburg                                        Warren                             11
                                                                                                                                                              Osmun Forest                                       Warren                             10
                         State Totals                                                       6,208           3,640             104,811

                         "Attendance figures are not available.                                                                                           *Attendance figures are not available.

                         208
<pb n="214" />

                         North Central Region                                                       294                                   APPENDIX H
                             Troy Meadows                               Morris                      294
                                                                                                                                                 STATE MARINAS-1971
                         Central Corridor Region                                                        52                                                                                                            Total          Boating
                             Cook                                       Middlesex                       52                                                                              County                        Acres           Berths
                                                                                                                                          North Shore Region                                                            23               305
                         North Shore Region                                                           108                                     Forked River                                Ocean                         15               105*
                             Swimming River                             Monmouth                      108                                     Leonardo                                    Monmouth                         8             200*

                         South Shore Region                                                         3,066                                 South Shore Region                                                            28               384
                             Cape May Wetlands                          Cape May                    1,747                                     Atlantic City                               Atlantic                      28               384*
                             Great Bay                                  Ocean                         395
                             Hammonton Lake                             Atlantic                        98                                Delaware Bay Region                                                           13               124
                             North Brigantine                           Atlantic                      679                                     Fortescue                                   Cumberland                    13               124*
                             Swan Point                                 Ocean                         147
                         belaware Bay Region                                                          100                                 State Totals                                                                  64               813
                             Cohansey                                   Cumberland                    100                                 *Attendance figures are not available.

                         State Totals                                                              4,066              5
                                                                                                                                          APPENDIX I
                             DEDICATED NATURAL                       AREAS WITHIN STATE PARKS                                                    STATE HISTORIC SITES-1971
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Total           1971
                                                                          County                      Acres"                                                                                     County             Acres Attendance
                                                                                                                                          Northwest Region                                                          1.14
                         Northwest Region                                                                                                     Marshal! House                                   Hunterdon              .53
                             Kuser                                        Sussex                        200                                   Oxford Furnace                                   Warren                 .61

                         North Shore Region                                                                                               Northeast Region                                                          8.61           11,604
                             Island Beach                                 Ocean                         800                                   Boxwood Hall                                     Union                  .40            1,631
                                                                                                                                              Grover Cleveland Birthplace                      Essex                2.14             2,209
                         State Total                                                                1,000                                     Hermitage House                                  Bergen               5.00
                                                                                                                                              Von Steuben House                                Bergen               1.07             7,764

                         -Dedicated areas are included in High Point State Park and I stand Beach state Park acreage
                             totals, respectively.                                                                                        *Attendance figures are not available.                                               (continued)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             209
<pb n="215" />

               APPENDIX I (continued)                                                       APPENDIX 4
                                                                   Total      1971                STATE FISH &amp; WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT AREAS"
                                                       County     Acres  Attendance               1971
               Central Corridor Region                             14.54     6,547                                                            Total         Water
                  Joyce Kilmer House                 Middlesex       .18                                                       County          Acres        Acres
                  Morven                             Mercer         4.58
                  Old Dutch Parsonage                Somerset        .55                    Northwest Region                                   9,831          299
                  Princeton Battle Monument          Mercer         1.70                       Pequest                       Warren              261
                  Rockingham                         Somerset       5.36     3,912             Clinton                       Hunterdon         1,028           15
                  Trenton Battle Monument            Mercer          .05         42            Flatbrook                     Sussex            1,948          100
                  Wallace House                      Somerset       1.52     2,593             Hamburg Mt.                   Sussex            3,637
                  Westminister House                 Middlesex       .60                       Walpack                       Sussex              388           10
                                                                                               Roy                           Sussex              287           30
               North Shore Region                                   7.34    58,338             Hainesville                   Sussex              282           37
                  Monmouth Battle Monument           Monmouth       3.22                       Lockwood Gorge                Hunterdon           260           30
                  Twin Lights                        Monmouth       3.89    58,338             Amwell Lake                   Hunterdon              22         11
                  Veterans of All Wars Memorial      Ocean           .23                       Rockport Game Farm            Warren              370            2
                                                                                               Hackettstown Hatchery         Warren              234           60
               Southwest Region                                     10.4     3,996             Whittingharn                  Sussex            1,114            4
                  Carranza Memorial                  Burlington      9.5
                  I ndidn King Tavern                Camden          .16     2,409          North Central Region                               5,285           60
                  Lawrente House                     Burlington      .24        642            Wanaque                       Passaic           1,413
                  Wait Whitman House                 Camden          .09        945            Berkshire Valley              Morris            1,250           40
                  Whitman-Stafford House             Camden          .41                       Black River                   Morris            2,622           20

               South Shore Region                                   3.84     2,205          Central Corridor Region                              135           20
                  Absecon Lighthouse                 Atlantic       2.04     2,205             VanNest Refuge                Mercer                 98          2
                  Somers Mansion                     Atlantic       1.80                       Baldwin Lake                  Mercer                 37         18

               Delaware Bay Region                                  1.34     5,166          North Shore Region                                 33,159         870
                  Hancock House                      Salem          1.34     5,166             Colliers Mills                Ocean             11,962         350
                                                                                               Greenwood Forest              Ocean             8,959          206
               State Totals                                        47.21    87,856             Pasadena                      Ocean             3,120
                                                                                               Manchester                    Ocean             2,377            5
                                                                                               Whiting                       Ocean             1,191            4

               *Attendance figures are not available.                                       -Attendance figures are not available.

               210
<pb n="216" />

                  Turkey Swamp                  Monmouth              1,856                    Mad Horse Creek              Salem                5,245       200*
                  Butterfly Bogs                Ocean                   103       50           Menantico Ponds              Cumberland            296         70
                  Forked River Game Farm        Ocean                   538        7           Clarks Pond                  Cumberland            164         78
                  Quail Farm                    Ocean                   289        1           Greenwood Pond               Salem                  57
                  I mlaystown Lake              Monmouth                 30       27           Maskells Mill Pond           Salem                  57         33
                  Assunpink                     Monmouth              2,609      150           Corson Tracts                Cumberland            446         20*
                  Prospertown Lake              Ocean                   125       70           Osborne                      Cumberland            183         30*
                                                                                               Fortescue                    Cumberland            894         94*
               Southwest Region                                       4,310       55           Cedarville Ponds             Cumberland             42         34
                  Medford                       Burlington              214                    Harrisonville Lake           Salem                  19         13
                  Winslow                       Camden                1,716       30
                  Glassboro                     Gloucester            2,337        5        State Totals                                      128,877       8,002
                  Rowands Pond                  Camden                   13        3
                  Logan Pond                    Gloucester               12        5
                  Harrisonville Lake            Gloucester               18       12

               South Shore Region                                    30,261     4,976
                  Tuckahoe-Corbin City Cape May &amp; Atlantic           12,438     3,500*      APPENDIX K
                  Marmora
                                                Cape May              4,161      500*            PROPOSED STATE RESERVOIRS
                  Dennis Creek                  Cape May              5,021      500*             EXISTING ACREAGE-1971
                  Peaslee                    Cape May &amp; Atlantic
                  Port Republic                 Atlantic                755       20*
                  Beaver Swamp                  Cape May              2,675      175*                                                                       Total
                  Stafford Forge                Ocean                 2,789      200                                                County                  Acres
                  Absecon                       Atlantic                639       38        Central Corridor Region
                  Swan Bay (Green Bay)          Burlington              818       28           Six Mile Run                        Somerset                  754
                  Manahawkin                    Ocean                   965       15*
                                                                                            North Shore Region
               Delaware Bay Region                                   45,897     1,752          Manasquan                           Monmouth                   15
                  Millville                     Cumberland           12,036      130
                  Heislerville                  Cumberland            2,813      100*       State Total                                                      769
                  Egg Island                    Cumberland            4,990      500*
                  Dix                           Cumberland            2,233      100*
                  Nantuxent                     Cumberland              916       50*
                  Berrytown                     Cumberland            1,611
                  Peaslee                       Cumberland           13,895      300

               *Partially salt marsh.

                                                                                                                                                              211
<pb n="217" />

               APPENDIX L                                                                  APPENDIX M

                   STATE MISCELLANEOUS AREAS*-1971                                               HISTORIC SITES
                                                                                                      New Jersey's historic sites on the National Register of
                                                                                                      Historic Landmarks, the National Register of Historic
                                                                   Total      Water                   Places or the State Register of Historic Places
                                                 County            Acres      Acres        NOTE: All  National Register of Historic Landmarks components (N.R.H.L.)
                                                                                           and National Register of Historic Places components (N.R.H.P.) are in-
               Northwest Region                                    1,246                   cluded on the State Registerof Historic Places (S.R.H.P.).
                  Delaware &amp; Raritan Canal Hunterdon                192
                  Natural Lands Trust          Hunterdon              36
                  Middlesex BSA                Sussex               480**                  Northwest Region
                  Beemerville                  Sussex               538                    HUNTERDON COUNTY
                                                                                                 Marshall House (N. R. H. P.) State owned
               North Central Region                                6,400                         60 Bridge Street
                  North Jersey District                                                          Lambertville
                    Water Supply Comm.         Passaic             6,400"                  SUSSEX COUNTY
               Northeast Region                                       14        10               Merriam House (N.R.H.P.)
                  Little Bush                  Hudson                 14        10               131 Main Street
                                                                                                 Newton
               Central Corridor Region                             1,414                   WARREN COUNTY
                  Old Airport Property         Mercer               121                          Oxford Furnace (N.R.H.P.)
                  Delaware &amp; Raritan Canal     Mercer              1,293                         Washington Avenue and Cinder Street
                                               Somerset                                          Oxford Furnace
                                               Middlesex
               North Shore Region                                   120                    North Central Region
                  Colliers Mill Tract          Ocean                115                    MORRIS COUNTY
                  Manasquan Canal              Ocean                    5                        George Vai I House (N. R. H. P.)
                                                                                                 Speedwell Avenue
                                                                                                 Morristown
               South Shore Region                                     95
                  Natural Lands Trust          Cape May               95                         Morristown National Historical Park (N.R.H.L.)
                                                                                                 Morristown and Harding Township
               State Totals                                        9,289         10              Speedwell I ron Works (N. R. H. P.)
                                                                                                 Speedwell Avenue
               *Attendance figures are not available.                                            Morristown
               **Under conservation easement.

               212
<pb n="218" />

                      Speedwell Village (N.R.H.P.)                                         HUDSON COUNTY
                      333 Speedwell Avenue                                                       Hudson Court Courthouse (N. R. H. L.)
                      Morristown                                                                 Newark Avenue
                      Thomas Nast Home (Villa Fontana) (N.R.H.L.)                                Jersey City
                      MacCulloch Avenue and Miller Road                                          Statue of Liberty National Monument (N.R.H.L.)
                      Morristown                                                           PASSAIC COUNTY
                                                                                                 Dey Mansion (N. R. H. P.)
                PASSAIC COUNTY                                                                   199 Totowa Road
                      Ringwood Manor (N.R.H.L.)                                                  Wayne
                      Hewitt vicinity                                                            Great Falls of Paterson and Society for Useful Manu-
                                                                                                   factures Historic District (N.R.H.P.)
                Northeast Region                                                                 Paterson
                BERGEN COUNTY                                                                    Von Duyne House (N.R.H.P.)
                      The Hermitage (N. R. H. L.) State owned
                      335 North Franklin Turnpike                                                636 Fairfield Road
                      Ho-Ho-Kus                                                                  Wayne
                      Palisades Interstate Park (N.R.H.L.)                                 UNION COUNTY
                      West Bank of Hudson River                                                  Boxwood Hall (Boudinot Mansion) (N.R.H.P.)
                                                                                                 1073 East Jersey Street
                      Seven Chimneys (N.R.H.P.)                                                  Elizabeth
                      25 Chimney Ridge Court                                                     First Presbyterian Congregation of Connecticut Farms
                      Washington Township, Westwood                                                (N. R. H. P.)
                      Steuben House (N. R. H. P.) State owned                                    Stuyvesant Avenue at Chestnut Street
                      New Bridge Road                                                            Elizabeth
                      River Edge
                ESSEX COUNTY                                                               Central Corridor Region
                      Edison National Historic Site (N.R.H.L.)                             MERCER COUNTY
                      Maid Street between Alden and Lakeside Streets                             Douglas House (N.R.H.P.)
                      West Orange                                                                John Fitch Way
                      Krueger Mansion (S.R.H.P.)                                                 Trenton
                      601 High Street                                                            Grover Cleveland Home (Westland) (N. R. H. L.)
                      Newark                                                                     15 Hodge Road
                      Sydenhave House (N.R.H.P.)                                                 Princeton
                      Old Road to Bloomfield                                                     Henry House (N.R.H.L.)
                      Newark                                                                     Princeton University Campus
                                                                                                 Princeton                                           (continued)

                                                                                                                                                             213
<pb n="219" />

               APPENDIX M (continued)                                                     M I DDLESEX COUNTY
                                                                                                Ivy Hall (N.R.H.P.)
                    Joseph Hewes House (N.R.H.L.)                                               1225 River Road
                    346 Snowden Lane                                                            Piscataway
                    Princeton Township                                                          Old Cranbury School (N.R.H.P.)
                                                                                                23 North Main Street
                    Mc Call House (S.R.H.P.)                                                    Cranbury
                    Cadwalder Park
                    Trenton                                                                     Proprietory House (N.R.H.P.)
                                                                                                149 Kearny Avenue
                    Mercer Street Friends Center                                                Perth Amboy
                    151 Mercer Street
                    Trenton                                                               SOMERSET COUNTY
                                                                                                Frelinghuysen House (N.R.H.P.)
                    Morven (N. R. H. P.) State owned                                            Raritan
                    Stockton Street
                    Princeton                                                                   Old Dutch Parsonage (N. R. H. P.) State owned
                                                                                                65 Washington Place
                    Nassau Hall (N.R.H.L.)                                                      Somerville
                    Princeton University Campus
                    Princeton                                                                   Rockingham (N.R.H.P.)
                                                                                                Route 518
                    Old Barracks (N.R.H.P.)                                                     Rocky Hill
                    South Willow Street
                    Trenton                                                                     Wallace House (N. R. H. P.) State owned
                                                                                                38 Washington Place
                    Princeton Battlef ield (N. R. H. L.) State owned                            Somerville
                    Princeton Battlefield State Park
                    Princeton                                                             North Shore Region
                    Temple-Ryan Farm (N.R.H.P.)                                           MONMOUTH COUNTY
                    2306 Pennington Road                                                        Christ Episcopal Church (N.R.H.P.)
                    Hopewell                                                                    92 King's Highway
                    Washington Crossing State Park (N. R. H. L.) State o wned                   Middletown
                    Washington Crossing vicinity                                                Deserted Village of Allaire (S. R. H. P.) State owned
                                                                                                Allaire State Park
                    William Trent House (N.R.H.L.)                                              Routes 549 and 524
                    539 South Warren Street                                                     Wall Township
                    Trenton
                                                                                                Monmouth Battlefield (N.R.H.L.) State owned
                                                                                                Northwest of Freehold on Route 522
                                                                                                Manalapan and Freehold Townships

               214
<pb n="220" />

                    Sandy Hook Light (N.R.H.L.)                                        South Shore Region
                    Sandy Hook                                                         ATLANTIC COUNTY
                    Twin Lights (Navesink Lighthouse) (N.R.H.P.)                             Absecon Lighthouse (N. R. H. P.) State owned
                                                                                             Pacific and Rhode Island Avenues
                    Highlands                                                                Atlantic City
               OCEAN COUNTY                                                                  "Lucy" the Elephant (N.R.H.P.)
                    Barnegat Light (N.R.H.P.)                                                Decatur and Atlantic Avenues
                    Long Beach Island                                                        Margate City
                    Hangar No. 1, Lakehurst Naval Air Station (N. R. H. L.)                  Somers Mansion (N. R. H. P.) State owned
                    Lakehurst vicinity                                                       Shore Road and Circle
               Southwest Region                                                              Somers Point
               BURLINGTON COUNTY                                                       BURLINGTON COUNTY
                    Hopkinson House (N.R.H.L.)                                               Atsion (S.R.H.P.) State owned
                    Park &amp; Farnsworth Avenue                                                 Route 206
                    Bordentown                                                               Atsion
                    Kirby's Mill (N.R.H.P.)                                                  Batsto Village (N. R. H. P.) State owned
                    Church Road and Fostertown Road                                          Route 542
                    Medford                                                                  Wharton State Forest, Batsto
               CAMDEN COUNTY                                                           CAPE MAY COUNTY
                    Indian King Tavern (N.R.H.P.)                                            Cape May Historic District (N.R.H.P.)
                    23 Kings Highway                                                         Cape May
                    Haddonfield
                    Newton Friends' Meeting House (N.R.H.P.)                            Delaware Bay Region
                    722 Cooper Street                                                  'CUMBIERLAND COUNTY
                    Camden                                                                   Greenwich Historic District (N.R.H.P.)
                                                                                             Greenwich
                    Pomona Hall (N.R.H.P.)                                                   Potter's Tavern (N. R. H. P.)
                    Park and Euclid Avenue                                                   49-51 Broad Street
                    Camden                                                                   Bridgeton
                    Taylor House (N.R.H.P.)
                    304 Cooper Street                                                   SALEM COUNTY
                    Camden                                                                   Hancock House (N. R. H. P.) State owned
                                                                                             Hancock Bridge
                    Wait Whitman House (N.R.H.L.)
                    330 Mickle Street
                    Camden

                                                                                                                                                       215
<pb n="221" />

             A PPENDIX N                                                               Pond (680 acres), Ravine (810 acres) and Wawayanda
                                                                                       Lake (115 acres) (Sussex County)
                  NATURAL AREAS                                                   Whittingham Natural Area (400 acres) (Sussex County). Can-
                                                                                       didate for National Register of Natural Landmarks.

                                                                                  North Central Region
             FEDERAL AND INTERSTATE NATURAL AREAS                                 Hacklebarney State Park (52 acres) (Morris County)
                                                                                  Ringwood State Park -Hewitt Furnace (275 acres) and Stone-
             North Central Region                                                      town Interpretive Areas (100 acres) (Passiac County)
             Great Swamp National Wildlife Refuge (Morris County)                 Troy Meadows-Great Piece Meadows (5300 acres). Can-
             Jockey-Hollow Area, Morristown National Historic Park (Morris             didate for National Register of Natural Landmarks.
                  County)
                                                                                  Central Corridor Region
             Northeast Region                                                     Assunpink Fish and Wildlife Management Area (150 acres)
             Greenbrook Sanctuary, Palisades Interstate Park (Bergen                   (Mercer County)
                  County)                                                         Cheesequake State Park -Natural Area (275 acres) (Middle-
                                                                                       sex County)
             AREAS WITHIN STATE PARKS AND FORESTS                                 Millstone River (1,735 acres) (Somerset County)
             IDENTIFIED AS HAVING NATURAL SIGNIFICANCE                            Penns Neck Natural Area (40 acres) (Mercer County)
                                                                                  Pigeon Swamp State Park (3200 acres) (Middlesex County)
             Northwest Region                                                     Trenton Marshes (1,460 acres) (Mercer County)
             Allamuchy Mountain State Park (5,850 acres)-Deer Park                Washington Crossing State Park-Natural Area (160 acres)
                  Pond, French's Pond and several isolated small ponds                 (Mercer County)
             Bull's Island Recreation Area (20 acres) (Hunterdon County)          North Shore Region
             Bursch Sugar Maple Natural Area (25 acres) (Warren County)
             High Point State Park-Beaver Pond (670 acres) and Drydin             Allaire State Park-Natural Area (445 acres) (Monmouth
                  Kuser Memorial (200 acres) (Sussex County). Drydin                   County). Candidate for National Register of Natural Land-
                  Kuser Memorial is a candidate for the National Register of           marks.
                  Natural Landmarks.                                              Great Bay (5000 acres - partially State owned) (Ocean County)
             Jenny Jump State Forest (150 acres) (Warren County)                  Island Beach State Park (800 acres) (Ocean County)
             Ken Lochwood Gorge (150 acres) (Hunterdon County)                    Oakhurst (70 acres) (Monmouth County)
             Osmum Forest Natural Area (33 acres) (Warren County)                 Sandy Hook State Park-Natural Area (170 acres) (Mon-
             Stephen's State Park-Natural Area (35 acres) (Warren                      mouth County). Candidate for the National Register of
                  County)                                                              Natural Landmarks.
             Stokes State Forest-Tillman Ravine (1,500 acres) and Tinsley         Swimming River Natural Area (150 acres) (Monmouth County)
                  Trail (90 acres) (Sussex County)
             Swartswood Lake Outlet (75 acres) (Sussex County)                    Southwest Region
             Voorhees State Park (95 acres) (Hunterdon County)                    Lebanon State Forest- McDonald's Branch (215 acres) and
             Wawayanda State Park-Cedar Swamp (680 acres), Laurel                      Mount Laurel (21 acres) (Burlington County)

             216
<pb n="222" />

               Rancocas State Park-Natural Area (240 acres) (Burlington             COUNTY NATURAL AREAS
                    County)
               West Plains (1,085 acres-partially State owned) (Burlington          North Central Region
                    and Ocean Counties). Candidate for National Register of         Great Swamp Nature Center (Morris County)
                    Natural Landmarks.                                              Jefferson Reservation (Morris County)
               Wharton State Forest- Atsion 7 Quaker Bridge Road-Rail-              Lewis Morris Park (Morris County)
                    road Crossing (50 acres), Delellette Mistletoe Woods            Silas Condict Park (Morris County)
                    (50 acres) and Skit Branch (85 acres) (Burlington County)       The Tourne Park (Morris County)
               South Shore Region                                                   Northeast Region
               Bass River State Forest-Eastern shore of Lake Absegami               Campgaw Mountain County Reservation (Bergen County)
                    (75 acres) (Burlington County)                                  Eagle Rock Reservation (Essex County)
               Belleplain State Forest-Nat,ure Area (22 acres) (Cape May            Mills Reservation (Essex County)
                    County)                                                         South Mountain (Passaic County)
               Cape May Wetlands (2000 acres-partially State owned)                 South Reservation (Essex County)
                    (Cape May County)                                               Watchung Reservation (Union County)
               Cedar Island (200 acres) (Cape May County). Candidate for            West Essex Park (Essex County)
                    National Register of Natural Landmarks.                         Wildlife Center (Bergen County)
               Hammonton Lake Natural Area (18 acres) (Atlantic County)
               North Brigantine Natural Area (970 acres) (Burlington and            Central Corridor Region
                    Atlantic counties). Candidate for National Register of          Herrontown Woods (Mercer County)
                    Natural Landmarks.                                              John A. Roebling Memorial Park (Mercer County)
               Strathmere Point (90 acres) (Cape May County)
               Timber and Beaver Swamp Fish and Wildlife Management                 North Shore Region
                    Areas (300 acres) (Cape May County)                             Holmdel Park (Monmouth County)
               Wharton State Forest - Batsto Interpretive Center (35 acre  .s),     Turkey Swamp Park (Monmouth County)
                    Batsto 'Nature Area and Forge Pond (515 acres), Catica
                    Ridge-Martha Natural Area (440 acres), Lower Forge              Southwest Region
                    (55 acres), and Quaker Bridge (58 acres) (Atlantic,
                    Burlington and Ocean counties)                                  Cherry Hill Nature Trail Area (Camden County)

               Delaware Bay Region
               Cohansey Natural Area (12,400 acres -partially State owned)          MUNICIPAL NATURAL AREAS
                 (Cumberland County)                                                Northwest Region
               Parvin State Park (200 acres) (Salem County)                         Readington Tract - Readington Township (Hunterdon County)

                                                                                                                                       (continued)

                                                                                                                                               217
<pb n="223" />

              APPENDIX N (continued)                                                PRIVATE NATURAL AREAS

                                                                                    Northwest Region
              Northeast Region                                                      C. Dunham Park-South Branch Watershed Association
              Closter Nature Center -Closter Boro (Bergen County)                        (Hunterdon County)
              Cora Hartshorn Arboretum and Bird Sanctuary- Millburn                 Outdoor Education Center- Irvington Board of Education
                   Township (Essex County)                                               (Hunterdon County)
              Hawes School Outdoor Laboratory-Glen Rock Boro (Bergen                Packer's Island Tract-South Branch Watershed Association
                   County)                                                               (Hunterdon County)
              Mountainside Park - Upper Montclair Town (Essex County)               Riegel Ridge-Riegel Ridge Paper Company (Hunterdon
              Nishaume Park- Montclair Town (Essex County)                               County)
              Norwood Park - Norwood Boro, (Bergen County)
              Orchard School Outdoor Laboratory- Ridgewood Village                  North Central Region
                   (Bergen County)                                                  Dismal Harmony Brooks Natural Area-Dismal Harmony
              Spring Avenue and Grove Street Preserve -Ridgewood Village                 Brooks -Natural Area Committee (Morris County)
                   (Bergen County)                                                  Drew Forest Preserve -Drew University (Morris County)
              Tenafly Nature Center-Tenafly Boro (Bergen County)                    Green Camp of Cooper Union-College of New York City
                                                                                         (Passaic County)
              Central Corridor Region                                               Schiff Scout Reservation- National Council Boy Scouts of
              Autumn Hill -Princeton Township (Mercer County)                            America (Morris County)
              Green Natural Area- Princeton Township (Mercer County)                Sussex Woodlands- Mr. Fred Ferber (Passaic County)
                                                                                    Valhalla Hemlock Glen-Brook Valley Incorporated (Morris
              Southwest Region                                                           County)
              Crows Woods Nature Area- Moorestown Township (Camden
                   County)                                                          Northeast Region
              Mantua Township Recreation Area -Mantua Township (Glou-               Baldwin Wildlife Sanctuary-New Jersey Audubon Society
                   cester County)                                                        (Bergen County)
              Runnemede Lake Park - Borc, of Runnemede (Camden County)              Great Piece Meadows -Wildlife Preserves Incorporated (Essex
              Stokes Woods Bird Sanctuary- Moorestown Township (Bur-                     County)
                   lington County)                                                  Indian Hills High School -Ramapo Board of Education (Bergen
              Wenonah Woods - Wenonah Boro (Gloucester County)                           County)
                                                                                    Joyce Kilmer School Native Sanctuary- Mahwah Board of
              South Shore Region                                                         Education (Bergen County)
              Cape May Point Bird Sanctuary- Cape May Point Boro (Cape              Lucine L. Lorrimer Sanctuary- New Jersey Audubon Society
                   May County)                                                           (Bergen County)
              Stone Harbor Bird Sanctuary-Boro of Stone Harbor (Cape
                   May County)                                                      Central Corridor Region
                                                                                    Institute for Advanced Study- Institute for Advanced Study
                                                                                         (Mercer County)

              218
<pb n="224" />

                Outdoor Museum of Nature and Conservation Trails -National                 APPENDIX 0
                     Headquarters Boy Scouts of America (Middlesex County)
                Scherman Wildlife Sanctuary- New Jersey Audubon Society                        LAND AND WATER CONSERVATION FUND IN
                     (Somerset County)                                                         NEW JERSEY (1965-1972)
                Stony-Brook Millstone Watershed - Stony- Brook Millstone
                     Watershed Association (Mercer County)                                     One of the major purposes of the Land and Water Con-
                Stony Ford Audubon Nature Sanctuary- National Audubon                      servation Fund (L&amp;WCF) is to assist state and local govern-
                     Society (Mercer County)                                               ments in providing recreation facilities. From the beginning of
                William S. Post Natural Area-Upper Raritan Watershed                       the program in 1965 through the end of the 1972 fiscal year,
                     Association (Somerset County)                                         $18,146,520.90 in federal funds have been approved for recrea-
                                                                                           tion projects in New Jersey. Most of the projects assisted by
                Southwest Region                                                           these funds are already in use by the public but some are still
                Unexpected Wildlife Refuge -Mr. &amp; Mrs. C. Buyuhmihci (Glou-                in the construction stage. These funds, doubled by equal
                     cester County)                                                        matching funds from state and local governments, have pro-
                Wedgewood Nature Area-Wedgewood Civic Association                          vided for the acquisition of 26,109 acres of park lands and fish
                     (Gloucester County)                                                   and wildlife management areas and the development of recrea-
                Wildlife Refuge- Animal Welfare Association (Camden County)                tion facilities, from beaches, pools and boating facilities to
                Bennet Bog Wildlife Sanctuary- New Jersey Audubon Society                  camp sites, picnic tables and outdoor games fields, to mention
                     (Cape May County)                                                     only the most frequently constructed facilities. Development
                                                                                           funds were also used for the construction of support facilities
                                                                                           including comfort stations, roadways and parking spaces.
                                                                                               Of the federal funds spent to date, 71% have gone for
                                                                                           development projects, 29% for acquisition and less than 1%
                                                                                           for planning. (See Table 1.) The use of L&amp;WCF monies has

                TABLE 1: LAND AND WATER CONSERVATION FUND IN NEW JERSEY
                            FEDERAL FUNDS APPROVED FOR PROJECTS/ 1965-1972

                                                                       PROJECT BREAKDOWN

                 Type of Project                     Local Program                           State Program                    State and Local Programs

                 Acquisition                     $ 916,000.00 (11%)                        $4,343,353.00 (45%)                  $ 5,258,353.00 (290%)

                 Development                      7,664,853.69 (89%)                       5,223,314.21 (54%)                    12,888,167.90 (71%)

                 Planning                                                                     47,150.00 ( 1%)                        47,150.00 ( 1%)

                     Totals                      $8,579,853.69                             $9,613,817.21                        $18,193,670.90

                                                                                                                                                           219
<pb n="225" />

               been weighted in favor of development projects because of the            REGIONAL ANALYSIS
               availability of funds for acquisition from other federal, state and
               local sources, primarily the State's Green Acres Programs.               Northwest Region-This region received $5,593,262-39 in
               Future distribution of funds will probably be more evenly shared         L&amp;WCF acquisition and development funds for state projects.
               by acquisition and development projects. Greater emphasis                Acquisition funds were used to purchase 3,958 acres of fish
               will be placed on using all available funding programs to acquire        and wildlife management areas and to develop boat access
               critically valuable or threatened open space before these areas          sites on the Delaware River. The state development funds were
               are lost to other forms of land use inconsistent with environ-           used    at   four   major     sites:   Spruce     Run     Reservoir
               mental quality or open space and recreation needs.                       ($2,665,530.64), Round Valley Reservoir ($834,005.02).
                   The portion of the total federal funds used by the State             Wawayanda State Park ($404,397.04) and at Lambertville on
               during this period was only slightly greater than the amount             the Delaware River ($102,598.71). The types of facilities con-
               spent of local projects. During the early stages of the program,         structed included a wing dam to provide a recreation pool on
               local governments were not prepared to design and develop                the Delaware at Lambertville; a beach at Wawayanda; a dike,
               project proposals and, thus, lacking fundable local projects,            4 beaches, 115 wilderness camp sites, 23.5 miles of trails,
               the monies were spent on state projects. More recently many              a boat launching ramp, and support facilities at Round Valley;
               worthwhile proposals have been submitted by local govern-                and 100 camp sites, 100 picnic tables, a beach, a boat launch-
               ments and approved for funding.                                          ing ramp, a fishing pier and support families at Spruce Run.
                    A regional analysis of the approved projects shows that             In addition, 300 picnic tables ($4,691.00) were purchased
               the Northwest Region received    30% ($5,639,282.39) of all the          and distributed to state sites throughout the region to replace
               federal monies spent at state and local levels. (See Table 2.)           existing inventory.
               This is followed closely by the Northeast Region with 23%
               ($4,192,506.89). On a statewide basis there is little relationship       North Central Region-The North Central Region received
               between the regional distribution of funds and the percent of            $1,812,941.92 in federal funds for state development projects.
               the population living in the regions. For example, only 3% of            All the funds were used at Ringwood State Park for con-
               the State's population lives in the Northwest while this region          struction of 2.58 miles of roadway and 422 parking spaces.
               received 30% of the funds; on the other hand, 47% of the
               State's population lives in the Northeast Region which received          Northeast Region-In the Northeast Region $111,375.00 in
               23% of the funds.                                                        federal L&amp;WCF monies were spent by the State for acquisition
                    If the state and local programs are separated, however,             of 482 acres at Skylands. No L&amp;WCF monies were spent by
               the comparison of fund distribution to population is significantly       the State for development projects.
               different. A comparison of local L&amp;WCF expenditures with
               resident population is more meaningful. The local program                Central Corridor Region-One state project using L&amp;WCF
               develops recreation facilities primarily for local residents. State      monies was undertaken in this region. This project amounted
               funds, on the other hand, are invested in projects which do not          to $20,000.00 and was part of the acquisition program to
               serve a single region but rather the entire state population or          purchase land along the Delaware River to construct boat
               several regions together. Overall, the locally used L&amp;WCF                access sites. Local projects spent $1,514,309.26 to acquire
               monies were allocated to the regions with the greatest popula-           6.28 acres to provide picnicking and boat access and to
               tions: The Northeast with 47% of the State's population                  develop outdoor games facilities, totlots, picnic tables, passive
               received 49% of the funds.                                               sitting areas, pools and other recreation and support facilities.

               220
<pb n="226" />

                 TABLE 2: LAND AND WATER CONSERVATION FUND IN NEW JERSEY
                             FEDERAL FUNDS APPROVED FOR PROJECTS/ 1965-1972

                                                                               REGIONAL BREAKDOWN

                                                                                      State Program
                 Region                                  Acquisition                               Development                              Total A &amp;  D
                 Northwest                         $1,582,040.00    (36%)                    $ 4,011,222.39 (77%)                      $ 5,593,262.39   (58%)
                 North Central                       1,224,468.00   (28%)                         588,473.92   (11%)                     1,812,941.92   (19%)
                 Northeast                            111,375.00    ( 3%)                           --                                     111,375.00   ( 1%)
                 Central Corridor                      20,000.00    ( 1%)                           --                                      20,000.00   ( 0 )
                 North Shore                           85,400.00    ( 2%)                         245,267.66   ( 5%)                       330,667.66   ( 3%)
                 Southwest                               --                                         --                                        --
                 South Shore                          957,245.00    (22%)                         373,362.58   ( 7%)                     1,330,607-58   (14%)
                 Delaware Bay                         362,825.00    ( 8%)                           4,987.66   ( 0                         367,812.66   ( 4%)
                      Totals                       $4,343,353.00    (45%)                    $ 5,223,314.21    (55%)                   $ 9,566,667.21  (100%)

                                                                                      Local Program
                 Region                                  Acquisition                               Development                              Total A &amp;  D
                 Northwest                         $   45,000.00    ( 5%)                    $      1,020.00   ( 0                     $    46,020.00   ( 0
                 North Central                           -                                        712,669.57   (  9%)                      712,669.57   ( 8%)
                 Northeast                            800,000.00    (87%)                       3,281,131.89   (42%)                     4,081,131.89   (49%)
                 Central Corridor                      70,000.00      6%)                       1,444,309,26   (19%)                     1,514,309.26   (18%)
                 North Shore                             --                                       963,578.16   (13%)                       963,578.165  (11%)
                 Southwest                                                                        808,149.82   (11%)                       808,149.82   ( 9%)
                 South Shore                                                                      346,832.47   ( 59/6)                     346,832.47   ( 40%)
                 Delaware Bay                            --                                       107,162.52   ( 1%)                       107,162.52   ( 1%)
                      Totals                       $ 915,000.00 (11%)                        $  7,664,853.69   (89/o)                  $ 8,579,853.69  (100%)

                                                                               State and Local Programs
                 Region                                  Acquisition                               Development                              Total A &amp; D
                 Northwest                         $1,627,040.00    (31%)                    $  4,012,242.39   (31%)                   $ 5,639,282.39   (30%)
                 North Central                       1,224,468.00   (23%)                       1,301,143.49   (10%)                     2,525,611.49   (14%)
                 Northeast                            911,375.00    (17%)                       3,281,131.89   (26%)                     4,192,506.89   (23%)
                 Central Corridor                      N,000.00     ( 2%)                       1,444,309.26   (11%)                     1,534,309.26     9%)
                 North Shore                           85,400.00    ( 2%)                       1,208,845.82   ( 9%)                     1,294,245-82     7%)
                 Southwest                                                                        808,149.82   ( 6%)                       808,149.82     5%)
                 South Shore                          957,245.00    (18%)                         720,195.05   ( 6%)                     1,677,440.05     9%)
                 Delaware Bay                         362,825.00    ( 7%)                         112,150.18   ( 1%)                       474,975.18     3%)
                      Totals                       $5,258,353.00    (29%)                    $12,888,167.90    (71%)                   $18,146,520.90  (100%)

                                                                                                                                                                   221
<pb n="227" />

                     TABLE 3:          LAND AND WATER CONSERVATION FUND IN NEW JERSEY
                                       FACILITIES CONSTRUCTED THROUGH LOCAL PROJECTS, BY REGION
                                       1965-1972
                        Activity                 Facility            Northwest       North Central         Northeast       Central Corridor         North Shore        Southwest        South Shore        Delaware Bay Totals
                       Boat ing        Boat ramps                                               1                                       1                      2                                 2                                      6
                                       Docks                                                  10                                      10                       2                               20                                       42
                       Hiking          Trails    (mi les)                                       2                    6                                         4                                                                        12
                       Equestrian      Trails    (mi les)                                       1                    2                                                                                                                  3
                       Bicycling       Trails    (mi les)                                                                                                                      2                                                        2
                       N at ure        Trails    (mi les)                                       2                    7                                         4               2                                                        15
                       Ski Ing         Lifts                                                    1                                                                                                                                       1
                                       Slopes                                                   1                    1                                                                                                                  2
                       Camping         Sites                                                  70                 104                                                        25                                                       199
                                       She Iters                                                2                    6                                         1               6                 1                                      16
                                       Overnight shelters                                     15                                                                                                                                        15
                       Picnicking      Tables                                               202,                 557                 110                   240              126                52                                   1287
                       Skating         Ice Rinks'                                                                    1                                                                           1                                      2
                       Outd oor        Basketball Courts                                        4                 14                    8                   11                 9                 2                    1                 49
                         Games    &amp;    Tennis Courts                                            4                 43                  41                    33              16                   1                    3              141
                         Sports        Handbal I Courts                                         4                    5                                         8                                                                        17
                                       Shuf f leboard Courts                                    1                    9                                      16                 6                 8                                      40
                                       Baseball Fields                     1                    8                 19                    6                   12              13                                                          59
                                       Softball Fields                                          1                    3                  4                      5               8                                                        21
                                       Football Fields                                          2                    9                  4                      7               4                                                        26
                                       Open Play Fields                                         2                                       1                                      1                 1                                      5
                                       Tracks                                                                        2                                                                                                                  2
                                       Sled Hills                                               2                    1                                                         1                                                        4
                                       Totlots                                                  4                 28                   13                   19              14                   4                                      82
                       Swimming        Wading/Spray Pools                                                            4                  2                      1               3                 1                    1                 12
                                       Portable' Pools                                          1                 34                                                                                                                    35
                                       Intermediate Pools                                                            6                                         1               1                                      1                 9
                                       Community Pools                                                               1                  2                                      1                                      1                 5
                       Other:          Passive Sitting Areas                                                      10                    3                      9               2                 1                                      25
                                       Senior Citizens
                                         Pavillion                                                                                                                                               I                                      I
                       Mu It i-Use     Impoundment Sites                                                             3                  3                      3               2                 1                    1                 13
                                       Dam Construction                                                              1                                         1               1                                                        3

                       Support
                       Facility        Bath House                                               1                                       2                                      1                 1                    1                 6
                                       Comf ort St at I ons                                     3                 15                    8                      7                                 8                                      41
                                       Park Roadway (miles)                                     2                    5.5                                       3.1                                                                      11.6
                                       Parking Spaces                                        802                1710                 400                  1375                                130                                  4437
                                       Maintenance Building                                                          2                  1                      1                                 1                                      5
                                       Nature Building                                                               3                                                                                                                  3
                                       Boat House                                               1                                                                                                                                       1
                                       Concession Building                                      1                                                                                                                                       1
                                       Fish Ladders                                                                                                            1                                                                        1
                                       Ba6dshell                                                1                    1                  1                                                                                               3

                       222
<pb n="228" />

                North Shore Region-In the North Shore Region the State                 LAND AND WATER
                spent $330,667.66 in federal L&amp;WCF monies. These funds were            CONSERVATION FUND                              NORTH     CENTRAL
                used primarily at Sandy Hook ($162,f4l.66) and Island Beach            PROJECTS
                ($82,700.00) state parks. At Sandy Hook a bath-house was               1965-1972
                built and at Island Beach a bath house, a nature center, 500
                parking spaces and a water treatment plant were constructed.
                In addition, 25 picnic tables were purchased for $426 and
                distributed to state sites to replace existing tables.                      NORTHWEST

                                                                                                             ;A
                Southwest Region-The Southwest Region received L&amp;WCF                                           Z
                monies totaling $808,149.82 only through local projects.
                The facilities developed included outdoor games facilities,
                totlots, picnic tables, pools, trails, passive sitting areas, camp
                                                                                                                                             NORTHEAST
                                                                                                                         J,
                sites and other recreation and support facilities.

                South Shore Region-A total of $1,330,607.58 in federal
                L&amp;WCF monies was spent on state projects in the South Shore                                                      IN
                Region. This sum was split between acquisition ($957,245.00)
                                                                                                                        7_1
                and development ($373,362.58). The acquisition program
                resulted in the purchase of 8,000 acres of fish and wildlife              CENTRAL CORRIDOR
                management areas. The development program included
                expansion of the Atlantic City Marina, construction of a boat                                                                      NORTH
                ramp and 25 parking spaces on Dennis Creek, plus 100 picnic                                                                        SHORE
                tables for state areas in the region.
                                                                                         SOUTHWEST

                Delaware Bay Region-The Delaware Bay Region received
                a total of $367,812.66 for state acquisition and development
                projects. The acquisition program purchased 5,273 acres of
                fish, and wildlife management areas. Development projects
                included a boat ramp and 25 parking spaces at Mad Horse
                Creek and 25 picnic tables.                                                  P"
                     The local program totaled $107,162.52 for the develop-
                ment of outdoor games areas, pools and support facilities.

                                                                                       DELAWARE
                                                                                       BAY
                                                                                                                        SOUTH SHORE

                                                                                                                                                      223
<pb n="229" />

              APPENDIX P                                                                   Impact of Population and Economic Growth on the
                                                                                           -Environment of New Jersey, April, 1965.
                   SELECTED REFERENCES                                                New Jersey, Department of Conservation and Economic Devel-
                                                                                           opment, Division of State and Regional Planning, New
              Barlowe, Raleigh and Steinmueller,    Milton H., "Trends in Out-             Jersey's Shore: An Inventory and Analysis of Land Use,
                   door Recreation," Yearbook of Agriculture 1963.                         February, 1966.
              Friedberg, M. Paul, Playgrounds for City Children, Association          New Jersey, Department of Conservation and Economic Devel-
                   for Childhood Education International, 1969.                            opment, Division of State and Regional Planning, Report
              Guggenheimer, Elinor C., Planning for Parks and Recreation                   of New Jersey's Vacation Guests in 1962, 1963.
                   Needs in Urban Areas, Twayne Publishers, Inc., 1969.               New Jersey, Department of Environmental Protection, Ocean
              Huxtable, Ada Louise, "The Battle of Murrary Hill," The New                  Disposal Control Regulation, Basis and Background
                   York Times, July 12,1970.                                               Document, June, 1972.
              Kovach, Bill, "The Boston Arts Festival is Hitting Stride in its        New Jersey, Department of Environmental Protection, Com-
                   3rd Year," The New York Times, August 27, 1970.                         prehensive Recreation Planning Section, County Outdoor
              Menninger, Karl, "Human Needs in Urban Society," Architec-                   Recreation Facilities in New Jersey: An Inventory
                   tural Record, July, 1959.                                               (unpublished), 1970.
              New Jersey, Department of Community Affairs, Division of                New Jersey, Department of Environmental Protection, Com-
                   State and Regional Planning, New Jersey Open Space                      prehensive Recreation Planning Section, Inventory of
                   Policy Plan, January, 1968.                                             Hiking Trails (unpublished), 1970.
              New Jersey, Department of Conservation and Economic Devel-              New Jersey, Department of Environmental Protection, Division
                   opment, Comprehensive Recreation Planning Section,                      of Parks and Forestry, New Jersey State Parks, Forests,
                   An Inventory of Camping Areas in New Jersey, Mono-                      Natural Areas, Recreational Areas, Historic Sites, Burial
                   graph No. 2, 1970.                                                      Grounds, and Miscellaneous Areas: An Inventory, Jan-
              New Jersey, Department of Conservation and Economic Devel-                   uary, 1972.
                   opment, Comprehensive Planning Section, Lakes and                  University of Massachusetts, Survey Research Center, Boston
                   Ponds Inventory, 1970.                                                  Area Survey 1970 (unpublished), 1972.
              New Jersey, Department of Conservation and Economic Devel-              U.S., Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Study of
                   opment, Comprehensive Planning Section, Municipal                       the New Jersey Coastal Inlets and Beaches, 4 vols., 1966-
                   Outdoor Recreation Facilities in New Jersey: An Inventory,              1972.
                   1969.                                                              U.S., Outdoor Recreation Resources Review Commission,
              New Jersey, Department of Conservation and Economic Devel-                   Outdoor Recreation for America, 27 vols., Government
                   opment, Division of State and Regional Planning, The                    Printing Office, 1962.

              224
<pb n="230" />

                                                                                                                                                                     The Office of Environmental Review
                                                                                                                                                                     gratefully acknowledges the assistance
                                                                                                                                                                     rendered during the preparation of this
                                                                                                                                                                     plan by individuals within the Depart-
                                                                                                                                                                     ment of Environmental Protection and
                                                                                                                                                                     other State agencies.
                                                                                                                                                                     This Office is particularly grateful to
                                                                                                                                                                     those agencies and persons who per-
                                                                                                                                                                     mitted their photographs to be used.

                                                                                                                                                                     PHOTO CREDITS

                                                                                                                                                                     Atlantic City Convention Bureau - 131
                                                                                                                                                                     Bergen County Park Commission -6, 29, 31, 33, 39, 53, 95,
                                                                                                                                                                     105,112,119,127
                                                                                                                                                                     Courier-News-54
                                                                                                                                                                     Essex County Park Commission - 65, 99, 137, 145, 148, 149,
                                                                                                                                                                     150
                                                                                                                                                                     Hoboken Model Cities - 144
                                                                                                                                                                     Morris County Park Commission - 51, 108, 189
                                                                                                                                                                     National Park Service, Photo by R. Perkins - 44
                                                                                                                                                                     NJ Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Fish,
                                                                                                                                                                     Game and Shellfisheries- 18, 28, 50, 55, 71, 76, 78, 84, 88,
                                                                                                                                                                     135
                                                                                                                                                                     NJ Department of Environmental Protection, Public Informa-
                                                                                                                                                                     tion Office - 3, 13, 15, 20, 21, 26, 27, 36, 37, 46, 49, 60, 63,
                                                                                                                                                                     64, 67, 69, 72, 87, 94, 96, 123, 158, 165, 167, 169, 182, 185,
                                                                                                                                                                     190,192,194,195,197,199
                                                                                                                                                                     NJ Department of Labor and Industries, State Promotion
                                                                                                                                                                     Office-8, 35, 39,136
                                                                                                                                                                     Newark Star Ledger- Front cover, 5, 9, 70, 137, 146
                                                                                                                                                                     Somerset County Park Commission - 43, 82, 98, 193
                                                                                                                                                                     Trenton Department of Health, Recreation and Welfare - 178
<pb n="231" />

                                                             Department of Environmental Proteetion

                                                                                                                          RICHARD J. SULLIVAN
                                                                                                                                      Commissioner

                                                                                Offiee of Environmental Review

                                                                                                                               ALFRED T. GUIDO
                                                                                                                                               Chief

                                                                                                                         LAWRENCE C. SCHMIDT
                                                                                                                             Principal Park Planner

                                                                                                                              ROBERT S. STOKES
                                                                                                                               Senior Park Planner

                                                                                                                              BARBARA W. LEVIN
                                                                                                                             Assistant Park Planner

                                                                                                                                ROBERT L. LI NCK
                                                                                                                             Assistant Park Planner

                                                                                                                           DENNIS B. DAVIDSON
                                                                                                                             Assistant Park Planner

                                                                                                                             Former Staff Members

                                                                                                                          THOMAS J. CIESLINSKI
                                                                                                                               Senior Park Planner

                                                                                                                             HELAINE S. KAPLAN
                                                                                                                                     Summer Intern
<pb n="232" />

                                                                                                      S
                                       Lers                   ctourearth

                                       NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
                                                  prote

                                                             3 6668 00003 0108
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