Massachusetts outdoors the statewide comprehensive outdoor recreation plan : technical report

[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]

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2M-1 2-76-129225 Publication of this document approved by Alfred C. Holland, State Purchasing Agent Estimated Cost Per Copy: $3.07

MASSACHUSETTS OUTDOORS

The Statewide Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plan

Technical Report

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NOAA
COASTAL SERVICES CENTER
2234 SOLITH HOBSON AVENUE
CHARLESTON, SC 29405-2413

Poperty of CSC Library

Department of Environmental Management

The preparation of this report was financed in
part through a planning grant from the Bureau
of Outdoor Recreation, Department of Interior
under the provisions of the Land and Water
Conservation Fund Act of 1965 (Public Law
88-578; stat. 897). The remainder was
financed by state funds.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Section 1 Regional Distribution Matrices I

Section 2 Tables on Latent Demand I I

Section 3 Demand Forecasts by Region 19

Section 4 Capacity Standards for Specific Activities 33

Section 5 Regional Planning Agency Survey 47

Section 1

Regional Distribution Matrices

The estimates of the demand generated question was asked three times, the ef- The final step was the introduction of
in each of the OSP regions formed the fective samplesize was larger than the demand generated. by out-of-state vis-
basis for projecting total demand on actual number of respondents of 400. itors. No comprehensive data base for
recreation resources in the SCORP re- Even so, the distribution of answers this analysis exists. For the total number
gions. The first step was the allocation of across 14 activities, 11 OSP regions, of tourists coming to Massachusetts for
demand generated in Massachusetts to and 7 SCORP regions (a matrix with recreational purposes, a study of
the SCORP regions. This step is clearly 1078 cells) failed to yield cell sizes that tourism in Massachusetts* and data
necessary to obtain useful demand pro- would be sufficiently large for a statisti- from the 1972 National Travel Survey
jections, since only part of the demand cal estimation of the parameters of the conducted as part of the Census of
generated by residents of the Boston regional "allocation matrices" by activ- Transportation were used. These data
SMSA, is satisfied in this region. Boston ity. The elements of these matrices were provide information on various charac-
residents pursue their outdoor recrea- therefore estimated judgmentally. First, teristics of the total number of person-
tion activities in other areas, such as the the percentage of respondents who in- trips to Massachusetts. For the study
Berkshires, Cape Cod, or the Islands. dicated that they pursued the activity here, the breakdown by trip duration
Similarly, if only Cape Cod residents usually out-of-state was subtracted (no. of nights) was deemed most rele-
were considered in estimating demand from the total for each activity. Also sub- vant. This information can be used not
forthe recreation facilities in that region, tracted was the percentage of respon- only to estimate the distribution of
serious errors would result. The interre- dents who indicated that they do the tourist-demand across activities, but
gional purposes must therefore be con- activity in their own backyard (such as yields simultaneously, estimates onthe
sidered in the projections. swimming in their own pools) or "in the number of days.
streets" (bicycling, hiking). Finally, the
The allocation of demand to the SCORP available evidence on the regional dis-
regions was based on the regional rec- tribution of outdoor recreation activities
reation patterns reported by Massa- from the relative attractiveness and ac-
chusetts Recreation Survey respon- cessibility of the SCORP region vis-a-vis N.G. Cournoyer, J.K. Kindahl et al., The Eco-
dents. For their three most frequent ac- the OSP region for each of the activities nomic Impact of Tourism on the Commonwealth
tivities among the fourteen selected for was considered. On this basis, the of Massachusetts. (Research Report to Depart-
analysis here, respondents indicated non-zero elements of the distribution ment of Commerce and Development). Depart-
ment of Hotel, Restaurant and Travel Administra-
the place in Massachusetts where they matrices were estimated for each tion, University of Massachusetts at Amherst.
usually" pursue the activity. Since the activity. December 1974,

Table 1 ESTIMATED REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF RECREATION DEMAND
Activity: Swimming (Pool)

From OSP SCORP SCORP SCORP SCORP SCORP SCORP SCORP
Region Region I Region I I Region III Region IV Region V Region VI Region Vill
Berkshire 82.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Franklin 0.0 82.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lower Pioneer 0.0 0.0 82.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Worcester 0.0 0.0 0.0 82.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
SRPEDD 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70.6 1.9 1.9
Cape Cod 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80.0 0.0
Martha's Vineyard 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80.0
Nantucket 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80.0
EMMMR: Core City 0.0 0.0 0.0 59.1 0.0 3.8 3.8
EMMMR: Inner Suburbs 0.0 0.0 0.0 59.1 0.0 3.8 3.8

EMMMR: Outer Suburbs 0.0 0.0 0.0 59.1 0.0 3.8 3.8

Note: Percentages across each row give the percentage of total demand for the activity generated in the OSP Region estimated to become
effective in the SCORP Region. Estimates are based on data from the Massachusetts Recreation Survey. Percentages may not add up because
some of the demand is satisfied in personal facilities (e.g., swimming pool in backyard) or out of state (company).

Table 2 ESTIMATED REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF RECREATION DEMAND
Activity: Swimming tother)

From OSP SCORP SCORP SCORP SCORP SCORP SCORP SCORP
Region Region I Region 11 Region III Region IV Region V Region VI Region VI I
Berkshire 84.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Franklin 9.3 51.3 4.7 0.0 0.0 10.6 8.0

Lower Pioneer 9.3 51.3 4.7 0.0 0.0 10.6 8.0

Worcester 4.7 9.3 51.3 0.0 0.0 10.6 8.0

SRPEDD 0.0 0.0 0.0 20.0 40.0 14.0 10.0
Cape Cod 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 84.0 0.0

Martha's Vineyard 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 84.0

Nantucket 0.0 0.0 0.0 .0.0 0.0 0.0 84.0

EMMMR: Core City 0.0 0.0 0.6 61.1 3.5 10.4 6.0

EMMMR: Inner Suburbs 0.0 0.0 0.6 61.1 3.5 10.4 6.0

EMMMR: Outer Suburbs 0.0 0.0 0.6 61.1 3.5 10.4 6.0

Note: Percentages across each row give the percentage of total der-nand for the activity generated in the OSP Region estimated to become
effective in the SCORP Region. Estimates are based on data from the Massachusetts Recreation Survey. Percentages may not add up because
some of the demand is satisfied in personal facilities (e.g., swimming pool in backyard) or out of state (company).

Table 3 ESTIMATED REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF RECREATION DEMAND
Activity: Picnicking

From OSP SCORP SCORP SCORP SCORP SCORP SCORP SCORP
Region Region I Region 11 Region III Region IV Region V Region VI Region V11

Berkshire 71.0% 12.0% 0.0% 0.01/0 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Franklin 5.0 78.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Lower Pioneer 5.0 78.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Worcester 0.0 3.0 78.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

SRPEDD 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 62.0 16.0 5.0

Cape Cod 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 83,0 0.0

Martha's Vineyard 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 83.0

Nantucket 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 83.0

EMMMR: Core City 2.6 0.0 1.3 61.9 2.6 7.0 4.0

EMMMR: Inner Suburbs 2.6 0.0 1.3 61.9 2.6 7.0 4.0

EMMMR: Outer Suburbs 2.6 0.0 1.3 61.9 2.6 7.0 4.0

Table 4 ESTIMATED REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF RECREATION DEMAND
Activity: Camping

For OSP SCORP SCORP SCORP SCORP SCORP SCORP SCORP
Region Region I Region 11 Region I I I Region IV Region V Region VI Region VI I

Berkshire 67.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Franklin 40.0 27.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Lower Pioneer 40.0 27.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Worcester 5.0 5.0 15.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

SRPEDD 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.0 10.0 5.0

Cape Cod 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25.0 0.0

Martha's Vineyard 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25.0

Nantucket 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25.0

EMMMR: Core City 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.0 0.0 10.0 5.0

EMMMR: Inner Suburbs 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.0 0.0 10.0 5.0

EMMMR: Outer Suburbs 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.0 0.0 10.0 5.0

Table 5 ESTIMATED REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF RECREATION DEMAND
Activity: Powerboating

From OSP SCORP SCORP SCORP SCORP SCORP SCORP SCORP
Region Region I Region 11 Region I I I Region IV Region V Region VI Region Vill

Berkshire 75.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Franklin 0.0 75.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Lower Pioneer 0.0 75.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Worcester 0.0 0.0 75.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

SRPEDD 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 47.0 18.0 10.0

Cape Cod 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75.0 0.0

Martha's Vineyard 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75.0

Nantucket 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75.0

EMMMR: Core City 0.0 0.0 0:0 47.0 0.0 18.0 10.0

EMMMR: Inner Suburbs 0.0 0.0 0.0 47.0 0.0 18.0 10.0

EMMMR: Outer Suburbs 0.0 0.0 0.0 47.0 0.0 18.0 10.0

Table 6 ESTIMATED REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF RECREATION DEMAND
Activity: Bicycling

From OSP SCORP SCORP SCORP SCORP SCORP SCORP SCORP
Region Region I Region 11 Region III Region IV Region V Region VI Region VI I
Berkshire 90.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Franklin 5.0 85.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Lower Pioneer 5.0 85.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Worcester 0.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

SRPEDD 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.0 80.0 5.0 0.0

Cape Cod 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90.0 0.0

Martha's Vineyard 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90.0

Nantucket 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90.0

EMMMR: Core City 0.0 0.0 0.0 68.5 3.2 4.6 4.0

EMMMR: Inner Suburbs 0.0 0.0 0.0 68.5 3.2 4.6 4.0

EMMMR: Outer Suburbs 0.0 0.0 0.0 68.5 3.2 4.6 4.0

Note: Percentages across each row give the percentage of total demand for the activity generated in the OSP Region estimated to become
effective in the SCORP Region. Estimates are based on data from the Massachusetts Recreation Survey. Percentages may not add up because
some of the demand is satisfied in personal facilities, (e.g., swimming pool in backyard) or out of state (company).

Table 7 ESTIMATED DISTRIBUTION OF RECREATION DEMAND
Activity: Hiking

From OSP SCORP SCORP SCORP SCORP SCORP SCORP SCORP
Region Region I Region 11 Region III Region IV Region V Region VI Region VII

Berkshire 63.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 15.0% 0.0%

Franklin 31.0 53.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Lower Pioneer 31.0 53.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Worcester 16.0 0.0 53.0 0.0 0.0 15.0 0.0

SRPEDD 13.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65.0 0.0 0.0

Cape Cod 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 78.0 0.0

Martha's Vineyard 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 78.0

Nantucket 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 78.0

EMMMR: Core City 13.0 0.0 0.0 65.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

EMMMR: Inner Suburbs 13.0 0.0 0.0 65.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

EMMMR: Outer Suburbs 13.0 0.0 0.0 65.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Note: Percentages across each row give the percentage of total demand for activity generated in the OSP Region estimated to become
effective in the SCORP Region. Estimates are based on data from the Massachusetts Recreation Survey. Percentages may not add up because
some of the demand is satisfied in personal facilities (e.g., swimming pool in backyard) or out of state (company).

Table 8 ESTIMATED REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF RECREATION DEMAND
Activity: Tennis

From OSP SCORP SCORP SCORP SCORP SCORP SCORP SCORP
Region Region I Region 11 Region I I I Region IV Region V Region VI Region VI I

Berkshire 95.00/. 0.00% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Franklin 0.0 92.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Lower Pioneer 0.0 92.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Worcester 0.0 0.0 92.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

SRPEDD 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 92.0 0.0 0.0

Cape Cod 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 92.0 0.0

Martha's Vineyard 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 92.0

Nantucket 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 92.0

EMMMR: Core City 0.0 0.0 0.0 87.0 0.0 1.8 1.0

EMMMR: Inner Suburbs 0.0 0.0 0.0 87.0 0.0 1.8 1.0

EMMMR: Outer Suburbs 0.0 0.0 0.0 87.0 0.0 1.8 1.0

Note: Percentages ac?ross each row give the percentage of total demand for the activity generated in the OSP Region estimated to become
effective in the SCORP Region. Estimates are based on data from the Massachusetts Recreation Survey. Percentages may not add up because
some of the demand is satisfied in personal facilities (e.g., swimming pool in backyard) or out of state (company).

Table 9 ESTIMATED REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF RECREATION DEMAND
Activity: Golf

From OSP SCORP SCORP SCORP SCORP SCORP SCORP SCORP
Region Region I Region 11 Region [I I Region IV Region V Region V1 Region VII

Berkshire 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Franklin 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Lower Pioneer 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Worcester 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

SRPEDD 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0

Cape Cod 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0

Martha's Vineyard 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0

Nantucket 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0

EMMMR: Core City 0.0 0.0 0.0 87.6 0.0 10.3 3.0

EMMM R: Inner Suburbs 0.0 0.0 0.0 87.6 0.0 10.3 3.0

EMMMR: Outer Suburbs 0.0 0.0 0.0 87.6 0.0 10.3 3.0

Table 10 ESTIMATED REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF RECREATION DEMAND
Activity- Fishing

From OSP SCORP SCORP SCORP SCORP SCORP SCORP SCORP
Region Region I Region I I Region III Region IV Region V Region V1 Region VII

Berkshire 84.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Franklin 21.0 63.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Lower Pioneer 21.0 63.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Worcester 20.0 10.0 50.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

SRPEDD 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 84.0 0.0 0.0

Cape Cod 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 84.0 0.0

Martha's Vineyard 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 84.0

Nantucket 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 84.0

EMMMR: Core City 0.0 0.0 0.0 65.4 0.0 12.6 6.0

EMMMR: Inner Suburbs 0.0 0.0 0.0 65.4 0.0 12.6 6.0

EMMMR: Outer Suburbs 0.0 0.0 0.0 65.4 0.0 12.6 6.0

Note: Percentages across each row give the percentage of total demand for the activity generated in the OSP Region estimated to become
effective in the SCORP Region- Estimates are based on data from the Massachusetts Recreation Survey. Percentages may not add up because
some of the demand is satisfied in personal facilities (e.g., swimming pool in backyard) or out of state (company),

Table 11 ESTIMATED REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF RECREATION DEMAND
Activity: Horseback Riding

From OSP SCORP SCORP SCORP SCORP SCORP SCORP SCORP
Region Region I Region 11 Region III Region IV Region V Region VI Region VII

Berkshire 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Franklin 25.0 75.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Lower Pioneer 25.0 75.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Worcester 25.0 0.0 75.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

SRPEDD 0.0 0.0 0.0 15.0 60.0 20.0 5.0

Cape Cod 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0

Martha's Vineyard 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0

Nantucket 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0

EMMMR: Core City 0.0 0.0 0.0 8010 0.0 15.0 5.0

EMMMR-. Inner Suburbs 0.0 0.0 0.0 80.0 0.0 15.0 5.0

EMMMR: Outer Suburbs 0.0 0.0 0.0 80.0 0.0 15.0 5.0

Table 12 ESTIMATED REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF RECREATION DEMAND
Activity: Hunting

From OSP SCORP SCORP SCORP SCORP SCORP SCORP SCORP
Region Region I Region I I Region I I I Region IV Region V Region VI Region VII

Berkshire 90.0% 0.0% 0.05% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Franklin 35.0 55.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Lower Pioneer 35.0 55.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Worcester 25.0 5.0 55.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

SRPEDD 15.0 0.0 0.0 15.0 55.0 10.0 0.0

Cape Cod 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0

Martha's Vineyard 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0

Nantucket 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0

EMMMR: Core City 0.0 0.0 0.0 80.0 0.0 15.0 5.0

EMMMR: Inner Suburbs 0.0 0.0 0.0 80.0 0.0 15.0 5.0

EMMMR: Outer Suburbs 0.0 0.0 0.0 80.0 0.0 15.0 5.0

Table 13 ESTIMATED REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF RECREATION DEMAND
Activity: Canoeing - Sailing

From OSP SCORP SCORP SCORP SCORP SCORP SCORP SCORP
Region Region I Region 11 Region III Region IV Region V Region VI Region VII

Berkshire 86.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Franklin 16.0 70.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Lower Pioneer 16.0 70.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Worcester 0.0 0.0 60.0 10.0 0.0 10.0 4.0

SRPEDD 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.0 60.0 10.0 4.0

Cape Cod 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0

Martha's Vineyard 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0

Nantucket 010 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0

EMMMR: Core City 0.0 0.0 0.0 69.9 0.0 7.8 3.0

EMMMR: Inner Suburbs 0.0 0.0 0.0 69.9 0.0 7.8 3.0

EMMMR: Outer Suburbs 0.0 0.0 0.0 69.9 0.0 7.8 3.0

Table 14 ESTIMATED REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF RECREATION DEMAND
Activity: Canoeing - Sailing

From OSP SCORP SCORP SCORP SCORP SCORP SCORP SCORP
Region Region I Region 11 Region I I I Region IV Region V Region VI Region VI I

Berkshire 95.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.00/.

Franklin 0.0 95.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Lower Pioneer 0.0 95.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Worcester 0.0 0.0 95.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

SRPEDD 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95.0 0.0 0.0

Cape Cod 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Martha's Vineyard 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95.0

Nantucket 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95.0

EMMMR: Core City 0.0 0.0 0.0 78.1 2.1 4.4 2.0

EMMMR: Inner Suburbs 0.0 0.0 0.0 78.1 2.1 4.4 2.0

EMMMR: Other Suburbs 0.0 0.0 0.0 78.1 2.1 4.4 2.0

Section 2

Tables on Latent Demand

I I I

An important mission of this survey was
to obtain some indication of the inci- Table 15 REASONS FOR NOT PURSUING DESIRED SUMMER
dence of latent demand for outdoor rec- ACTIVITY BY AGE OF RESPONDENT (in %)
reation activities, its distribution across Statewide Sample
different activities, and the barriers pre- Possible Reason for Ages Ages Ages Ages Ages TOTAL
venting satisfaction of this demand. The Non-Participation 12-17 18-24 25-44 45-64 65 & over
analysis of latent demand for public Too Expensive 7.1 12.5 3.4 10.7 14.3 7.6
services is a complex issue which has
yet to be resolved methodologically in a Equipment Too Expensive 7.1 16.1 5.2 7.1 0.0 7.6
satisfactory way. Questions asked re- No Time 14.3 12.5 37.9 32.1 28.6 31.4
garding what people would like to do No Place Nearby 28.6 37.5 36.2 35.7 42.9 35.9
and reasons for not doing it generally Other 50.0 45.8 34.5 28.6 42.9 37.4
tend to yield information that reflects
desires and rationalizations of "doing Willing to Take Public
nothing about it." This type of informa- Transportation 85.7 62.5 70.7 64.3 57.1 68.2
tion,tends to overstate the incidence of
Note: Percentages refer to persons indicating they would like to do some other activity in the
latent demand. However, the alterna- season; percentages may add up to more than 100, since multiple answers are possible.
tives that have been developed for
translating this kind of "non-commit-
ment" demand into likely utilization of
opportunities, e.g. in transportation
planning, tend to require in-depth inter-
views, coupled-with complex analysis
techniques. Neither of these require- Table 16 REASONS FOR NOT PURSUING DESIRED FALL
ments could be met within the scope of ACTIVITY BY AGE OF RESPONDENT (in %)
this study. The results concerning Statewide Sample
"latent demand" and barriers to partic-
ipation should therefore be treated as Possible Reason for Ages Ages Ages Ages Ages TOTAL
indicative, rather than as expressions Non-Participation 12-17 18-24 25-44 45-64 65 &over
of the potential participation rates Too Expensive 25.0 12.5 13.6 10.0 0.0 10.6
that might be achieved once certain Equipment Too Expensive 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.0 0.0 2.1
barriers were removed. No Time 0 50.0 31.8 50.0 33.3 34.0
In Section 2 a considerable number of No Place Nearby 75.0 37.5 50.0 40.0 33.3 46.8
tables are presented which break down Other 50.0 37.5 22.7 20.0 33.3 27.7
the latent demand in detail. The first nine
Willing to Take Public
tables address reasons of non-partic- Transportation 50.0 50.0 59.1 40.0 66.7 53.2
ipation by age and income and by
season; tables 24 through 26 are con- Note: Percentages refer to persons indicating they would like to do some other activity in the
cerned with the incidence of latent de- fall; percentages may add up to more than 100 since multiple answers are possible.
mand by income, age and type of resi-
dence; tables 27 through 30 break down
the seasons of other desired activities
according to age, sex income and type
of residence.

Table 17 REASONS FOR NOT PURSUING DESIRED WINTER
ACTIVITY BY AGE OF RESPONDENT (in %1l
Statewide Sample

Possible Reason for Ages Ages Ages Ages Ages TOTAL
Non-Participation 12-17 18-24 25-44 45-64 65 & over

Too Expensive 28.6 46.7 35.6 6.3 0.0 29.9

Equipment Too Expensive 28.6 26.7 13.3 6.3 0.0 14.6

No Time 14.3 13.3 28.9 18.8 25.0 22.5

No Place Nearby 57.1 25.0 37.8 37.5 50.0 37.1

Other 14.3 20.0 15.6 50.0 25.0 22.5

Willing to Take Public
Transportation 100.0 86.7 77.8 43.8 50.0 71.9

Note: Percentages refer to persons indicating they would like to do some other activity in the
winter; percentages may add up to more than 100 since multiple answers are possible.

Table 18 REASONS FOR NOT PURSUING DESIRED SPRING
ACTIVITY BY AGE OF RESPONDENT (in %)
Statewide Sample

Possible Reason for Ages Ages Ages Ages Ages TOTAL
Non-Participation 12-17 18-24 25-44 45-64 65 & over

Too Expensive 16.7 0.0 9.5 20.0 0.0 22.7

Equipment Too Expensive 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

No Time 33.3 50.0 36.4 40.0 66.7 40.4

No Place Nearby 50.0 16.7 36.4 40.0 33.3 36.2

Other 33.3 50.0 31.8 20.0 33.3 31.9

Willing to Take Public
Transportation 66.7 50.0 63.6 30.0 33.3 53.2

Note: Percentages refer to persons indicating they would like to do some other activity in the
spring; percentages may add up to more than 100 since multiple answers are possible.

Table 19 REASONS FOR NOT PURSUING DESIRED SUMMER
ACTIVITY BY FAMILY INCOME (in %)
Statewide Sample

Possible Reason for $2,000 $2,000- $5,000- $8,000- $10,000- $15,000- $20,000- $25,000 TOTAL
Non-Participation 4,999 7,999 9,999 14,999 19,999 24,999 and over
Too Expensive 20.0 22.2 18.2 10.0 7.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.0
Equipment Too Expensive 0.0 11.1 9.1 0.0 14.8 0.0 0.0 7.7 7.0

No Time 40.0 22.2 36.4 20.0 33.3 30.8 25.0 38.5 31.0

No Place Nearby 40.0 44.4 18.2 60.0 29.6 46.2 50.0 23.1 37.0

Other 40.0 55.6 27.3 30.0 29.6 38.5 33.3 38.5 35.0

Willing to Take Public
Transportation 20.0 77.8 90.9 70.0 70.4 61.5 66.7 53.8 67.0

Note: Percentages refer to persons indicating they would like to do some other activity in the summer; percentages may add up to more than
100 since multiple answers are possible.

Table 20 REASONS FOR NOT PURSUING DESIRED FALL
ACTIVITY BY FAMILY INCOME (in %)
Statewide Sample

Possible Reasons for $2,000 $2,000- $5,000- $8,000- $10,000- $15,000- $20,000- $25-,000 TOTAL
Non-Participation 4,999 7,999 9,999 14,999 19,999 24,000 and over

Too Expensive 0.0 0.0 16.7 20.0 0.0 12.5 25.0 0.0 10.3

Equipment Too Expensive 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.5 0.0 33.3 5.1

No Time 25.0 66.7 50.0 60.0 66.7 12.5 25.0 66.7 43.6

No Place Nearby 25.0 33.3 16.7 40.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 33.3 35.9

Other 100.0 0.0 16.7 20.0 16.7 37.5 25.0 33.3 30.8

Willing to Take Public
Transportation 50.0 100.0 50.0 20.0 50.0 62.5 100.0 33.3 56.4

Note: Percentages refer to persons indicating they would like to do some other activity in the fall; percentages may add up to more than 100
since multiple answers are possible.

Table 21 REASONS FOR NOT PURSUING DESIRED WINTER
ACTIVITY BY FAMILY INCOME fin %)
Statewide Sample

Possible Reasons for $2,000 $2,000- $5,000- $8,000- $10,000- $15,000- $20,000- $25,000 TOTAL
Non-Participation 4,999 7,999 9,999 14,999 19,999 24,000 and over

Too Expensive 60.0 28.6 25.0 40.0 42.1 0.0 42.9 0.0 32.4

Equipment Too Expensive 0.0 42.9 25.0 20.0 15.8 0.0 28.6 0.0 17.6

No Time 20.0 14.3 37.5 30.0 26.3 33.3 42.9 22.2 27.9

No Place Nearby 0.0 42.9 62.5 10.0 36.8 100.0 28.6 55.6 38.2

Other 60.0 14.3 12.5 20.0 15.8 0.0 14.3 33.3 20.6

Willing to Take Public
Transportation 80.0 85.7 75.0 90.0 68.4 100.0 57.1 55.6 73.5

Note: Percentages refer to persons indicating they would like to do some other activity in the winter; percentages may add up to more than
100 since multiple answers are possible.

Table 22 REASONS FOR NOT PURSUING DESIRED SPRING
ACTIVITY BY FAMILY INCOME (in %)
Statewide Sample

Possible Reasons for $2,000 $2,000- $5,000- $8,000- $10,000- $15,000- $20,000- $25,000 TOTAL
Non-Participation 4,999 7,999 9,999 14,999 19,999 24,000 and over

Too Expensive 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14.3 0.0 14.3 0.0 5.6

Equipment Too Expensive 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

No Time 25.0 100.0 66.7 0.0 28.6 66.7 28.6 50.0 47.2

No Place Nearby 25.0 0.0 33.3 50.0 28.6 50.0 57.1 0.0 33.3

Other 50.0 0.0 33.3 50.0 85.7 0.0 14.3 50.0 38.9

Willing to Take Public
Transportation 75.0 33.3 33.3 100.0 42.9 33.3 71.4 66.7 58.3

Note: Percentages refer to persons indicating they would like to do some other activity in the spring; percentages may add up to more than
100 since multiple answers are possible.

Table 23 REASONS FOR NOT DOING DESIRED ACTIVITY
State Sample - Telephone Interviews

Summer Winter Fall Spring

Too Expensive to Do 8.6 29.7 11.8 10.0

Equipment too Expensive 7.2 15.4 3.9 0.0

No Time 28.1 25.3 37.3 42.0

No Place Nearby 37.4 38.5 47.1 36.0

Other 36.0 23.1 25.5 34.0

Willing to take
Public Transportation 68.3 72.5 54.9 52.0

Note: Cell entries give percentage of persons expressing an interest in pursuing some other
activity mentioning the respectable reason. Percentages may add up to more than 100%, since
multiple responses were possible.

Table 24 INCIDENCE OF LATENT DEMAND BY FAMILY INCOME
Statewide Sample

Percentage of Under $2,000- $5,000- $8,000- $10,000- $15,000- $20,000- Over TOTAL
"Latent Demand" $2,000 $4,999 $7,999 $9,999 $14,999 $19,999 $24,999 $25,000

Summer 38.5% 39.1% 33.3% 37.0% 37.0% 33.3% 41.4% 46.4% 37.8%

Winter 41.7% 29.2% 25.8% 37.0% 27.4% 8.3% 24.1% 32.1% 26.5%

Fall 39.8% 13.0% 18.8% 19.2% 8.6% 17.1% 13.8% 7.4% 14.1%

Spring 30.8% 9.1% 9A% 7.7% 10.3% 11.1% 25.0% 21.4% 13.8%

Percentage of persons indicating they would like to do some other activity in any of the four seasons.

Table 25 INCIDENCE OF LATENT DEMAND BY AGE OF RESPONDENT
Statewide Sample

"Latent Ages Ages Ages Ages Ages TOTAL
Demand" 12-17 18-24 25-44 45-64 65 and over

Summer 52.0% 57.1% 37.7% 28.4% 14.3% 35.3%

Winter 28.0% 35.7% 29.9% 17.0% 8.3% 24.2%

Fall 15.4% 17.1% 13.7% 9.8% 6.1% 12.2%

Spring 24.0% 14.3% 12.7% 10.9% 6.1% 12.3%

Percentage of persons indicating they would like to do some other activity in any of the four
seasons.

Table 26 INCIDENCE OF LATENT DEMAND BY TYPE OF RESIDENCE
Statewide Sample

"Latent Demand" Urban Suburban Rural TOTAL

Summer 35.8% 35.2% 25.0% 34.8%

Winter 23.1% 23.9% 20.8% 23.5%

Fall 15.4% 10.9% 16.7% 12.5%
Spring 7.6% 14.6% 13.0% 12.6%

Percentage of persons indicating they would like to do some other activity in any of the four
seasons.

Table 27 RESIDENCE BY SEASON OF OTHER Table 28 SEASON OF OTHER DESIRED
DESIRED ACTIVITIES ACTIVITIES
In Percent by Sex of Respondent in Percent

Urban Suburban Rural TOTAL Male Female TOTAL

Summer 35.8 35.2 25.0 34.0 Summer 39.3 32.9 34.9

Winter 23.1 23.9 20.8 23.5 Winter 29.2 23.0 24.9

Fall 15.4 10.9 16.7 12.5 Fall 17.9 9.9 12.4

Spring 7.6 14.6 13.0 12.6 Spring 18.9 9.6 12.5

Note: Total season percentages do not agree exactly See note on Table 27
due to the slightly different numbers of missing
observations.

Table 29 FAMILY INCOME BY SEASON OF OTHER DESIRED ACTIVITIES
In Percent

$2,000 $2,000- S5,000- $8,0.00- $10,000- $15,000- $20,000- $25,000+ TOTAL
4,999 7,999 9,999 14,990 19,999 24,999

Summer 38.5 39.1 33.3 37.0 37.0 33.3 41.4 46.4 37.8

Winter 34.7 29.2 25.8 37.0 27.4 8.3 24.1 32.1 26.5

Fall 30.8 13.0 18.8 19.2 8.6 17.1 13.8 7.4 14.1

Spring 30.8 9.1 9.4 7.7 10.3 11.1 25.0 21.4 13.8

See note on Table 27

Table 30 AGE OF RESPONDENT BY SEASON OF OTHER DESIRED ACTIVITIES
In Percent

Ages Ages Ages Ages Ages TOTAL
12-17 18-24 25-44 45-64 65 and over

Summer 52.0 57.1 37.7 28.4 14.3 35.3

Winter 28.0 35.7 29.9 17.0 8.3 24.2

Fall 15.4 17.1 13.7 9.8 6.1 12.2

Spring 24.0 14.3 12.7 10.9 6.1 12.3

See note on Table 27

Section 3

Demand Forecasts by Region

Note: "Number of Participants" is ac-
tually number of state residents pursu-
ing activity in region ptus number of
person-trips from out-of-state into that
region.

Section 3 shows the results of the fore- regions and to other states. The pro-
casting exercise for the years 1975 to jections yield a high share (in relation to
2000 for the state as a whole in terms of the population share) for the Berkshire
the number of user days by activity. The region (SCORP Region 1) for Camping,
inspection of these estimates illustrates Hiking and Horseback Riding. Cape
quite clearly the impact of two factors Cod is an exporter primarily in terms of
working in opposite directions. First, the water-related activities, such as Swim-
shift in the age distribution of the Mas- ming (Other), Power Boating, and
sachusetts population lowers the over- Canoeing/Sailing. In addition, the pro-
all participation rate quite noticeably. jections also suggest that Camping is
The extent of this shift emphasizes the an activity frequently pursued on the
relative increase of the older age-, Cape.
groups in the total population between In terms of the overall distribution
1975 to 2000. Since the participation across regions for all activities, the
rates for these age groups are much changes between 1975 and 2000 pro-
smaller, the average participation rates jected through the procedures are
go down. This phenomenon is also indi- 'small. This result should be expected in
cated by the relative stability (or stable any case, since the only change in the
growth) of activitiesthat are more evenly regional distribution could occur as a
distributed across age groups, such as consequence of shifts in the population
swimming or hunting. However, the dif- distribution, of differential changes in
ferences in terms of the average annual the age-sex composition of the popula-
growth rate for the total activity days for tion, since all parameters are assumed
the state are small. The most pro- to remain constant throughout the fore-
nounced growth occurs in Fishing- casting period.
which is partially attributable to the
comparatively small base. These projections form the basis for the
net needs analysis. The individual fig-
The projected growth is most significant ures are shown in Section 3 for each
in terms of Swimming (Other) - i.e., in region, activity and year of the forecast-
natural bodies of water. This activity ing period.
already accountsfor the largest number
of activity days, and is projected to grow
at an annual rate of .4%. This growth
does not account for the possibility of
any changes in age-specif ic participa-
tion rates. Such changes may well
occur; for example, as the younger
age groups who participate at a much
higher rate than others now become
older, they may continue to enjoy
swimming at much higher rates than the
preceding generation. Thus, it appears
clear that swimming, picnicking and
power boating will require additional
resources.

Regional recreation resources, in terms
of geographical distribution of demand,
are demanded quite differently across
the SCORP subdivisions. These differ-
entials reflect differences in population
size, estimated patterns of regional al-
locations of recreational activities, and
of the distribution of out-of-state visitors.
The population distribution for 1970
provides a benchmark measure for as-
sessing to what degree certain regions
are importers of recreation services.

Both the westernmost part of the state
and Cape Cod/The Islands are export-
ers of recreation services to other

TOTAL RECREATION DEMAND PROJECTIONS (BY REGION OF INCIDENCE) Parameters: BOR modified by MRS

Activity No. of No. of Activity No. of No. of
Participants User Days Participants User Days
Mes. & . (Res. & IRes. & (Res. &
Non-Res.) Non-Res.) Non-Res.) Non-Res.)

Year: 1975, SCORP Region I Year: 1975, SCORP Region V
Swim Pool 69134. 547414. Swim Pool 116003. 2947406.
Swim Other 231612. 1919762. Swim Other 198829. 3864165.
Picnicking 176334. 1572022. Picnicking 183424. 1910737.
Camping 109546. 850743. Camping 14599. 124707.
Power Boat 38602. 112031. Power Boat 30599. 327350.
Hiking 314549. 4889092. Hiking 82573. 1389917.
Bicycle 42848. 759046. Bicycle 181719. 6264794.
Tennis 53679. 1139237. Tennis 116425. 3413100.
Golf 27418. 418747. Golf 59765. 1234715.
Fishing 94975. 1032069. Fishing 82199. 962365.
Horseback 51547. 731432. Horseback 23568. 242434.
Hunting 33589. 357577. Hunting 10520. 113055.
Canoeing 50295. 370780. Canoeing 47738. 526002.
Outside Games 29152. 451401. Outside Games 142071. 5505158.

Year: 1975, SCORP Region 11 Year: 1975,SCORP Region VI
Swim Pool 280892. 9440612. Swim Pool 159964. 2428064.
Swim Other 261377. 3507869. Swim Other 663463. 9176040.
Picnicking 364646. 4495973. Picnicking 289234. 2277098.
Camping 49247. 481426. Camping 193361. 1410931.
Power Boat 75301. 792387. Power Boat 165571. 1663230.
Hiking 143190. 2002478. Hiking 121386. 1232051.
Bicycle 235568. 7092502. Bicycle 150276. 4060235.
Tennis 141079. 4892771. Tennis 79855. 1583165.
Golf 138120. 3143185. Golf 80256. 1498553.
Fishing 132783. 1630647. Fishing 159734. 1759856.
Horseback 43165. 848177. Horseback 76010. 490974.
Hunting 21900. 281119. Hunting 45070. 533923.
Canoeing 59494. 314832. Canoeing 124685. 1160649.
Outside Games 229555. 7014695. Outside Games 85282. 2945369.

Year: 1975,SCORP Region III Year: 1975,SCORP Region VII
Swim Pool 190500. 4826913. Swim Pool 130820. 1664823.
Swim Other 247901. 4541552. Swim Other 484435. 5520850.
Picnicking 267168. 2783586. Picnicking 175605. 1075644.
Camping 29609. 258452. Camping 148399. 868306.
Power Boat 130720. 1445884. Power Boat 106374. 925646.
Hiking 97924. 1596477. Hiking 64931. 231125.
Bicycle 189417. 6559667. Bicycle 99070. 2261889.
Tennis 160080. 4668817. Tennis 44885. 528329.
Golf 85493. 1750335. Golf 31550. 409876.
Fishing 71646 820485. Fishing 66376. 810264.
Horseback 41462. 431688. Horseback 22999. 134102.
Hunting 15381. 162236. Hunting 23300. 206393.
Canoeing 68324. 751837. Canoeing 61573. 460749.
Outside Games 171572. 6643281. Outside Games 33679. 931634.

Year: 1975,SCORP Region IV Year: 1975,SCORP Region Total
Swim Pool 764578. 19084000. Swim Pool 1711889. 40939216.
Swim Other 1483619. 30069248. Swim Other 3571132. 58599488.
Picnicking 1026490. 10443457. Picnicking 2482898. 24558464.
Camping 93679. 940135. Camping 638440. 4934697.
Power Boat 268176. 3350629. Power Boat 815343. 8617161.
Hiking 619318. 10830844. Hiking 1443868. 22171936.
Bicycle 1056650. 34999024. Bicycle 1955548. 61997136.
Tennis 961591. 30109056. Tennis 1557590. 46334464.
Golf 423119. 9601425. Golf 845720. 18056816.
Fishing 559925. 7360352. Fishing 1187636. 14376039.
Horseback 310992. 1699448. Horseback 569743. 4578253.
Hunting 135113. 2158255. Hunting 284873. 3812559.
Canoeing 527030. 5738136. Canoeing 939137. 9322985.
Outside Games 787834. 31078016. Outside Games 1479142. 54569520.

RESIDENT RECREATION DEMAND PROJECTIONS (BY REGION OF ORIGIN) Parameters: BOR modified by MRS

Activity No. of No. of Activity No. of No. of Activity No. of No. of
Participants User Days Participants User Days Participants User Days
(State (state (State (State (State (State
Residents) Residents) Residents) Residents) Residents) Residents)

Year: 1980, Region: Berkshire Year: 1980, Region: S.R.P.E.D.D. Year: 1980, Region: Emmmr - Core
Swim Pool 32674. 469189. Swim Pool 162808. 4184086. Swim Pool 482051. 10136892.
Swim Other 45607. 623689. Swim Other 274136. 5584202. Swim Other 1062286. 23754848.
Picnicking 87026. 1063055. Picnicking 227882. 2470168. Picnicking 772350. 7472008.
Camping 12221. 93505. Camping 86204. 1065577. Camping 382404. 5032552.
Power Boat 19291. 49201. Power Boat 62701. 720747. Power Boat 217490. 2662624.
Hiking 60065. 1113154. Hiking 124568. 2125111. Hiking 414849. 2766393.
Bicycle 11444. 311765. Bicycle 164958. 5657617. Bicycle 674268. 23757584.
Tennis 39498. 1153751. Tennis 127976. 3737331. Tennis 575796. 12469846.
Golf 19088. 396149. Golf 61627, 1282590. Golf 185444. 2914445.
Fishing 13637, 194980. Fishing 100753. 1201082. Fishing 365152. 3341359.
Horseback 22346. 285937. Horseback 39513. 392353. Horseback 124417. 1114611.
Hunting 5630. 64311. Hunting 18189. 208171. Hunting 100710. 2164316.
Canoeing 24634. 272024. Canoeing 79896. 878295. Canoeing 348701. 5314648.
Outside Games 24694. 448142. Outside Games 131369. 4877260. Outside Games 570804. 26580432.

Year: 1980, Region: Franklin Year: 1980, Region: Cape Cad Year: 1980, Region: Emmmr - Innr
Swim Pool 29503. 675410. Swim Pool 46052. 1178914. Swim Pool 444664. 13408928.
Swim Other 23216. 708790. Swim Other 77370. 1567431. Swim Other 683413. 14903574.
Picnicking 44250. 834872. Picnicking 64694. 700191. Picnicking 438918. 5618788.
Camping 8307. 158609. Camping 24176. 301168. Camping 201813. 2949310.
Power Boat 7590, 18698. Power Boat 17686. 204013, Power Boat 184646. 3155327.
Hiking 8164. 276448. Hiking 34958. 603063. Hiking 310432. 10538704.
Bicycle 15545. 634647. Bicycle 46424. 1598590. Bicycle 307107. 14808963.
Tennis 25021. 320115. Tennis 35850. 1046348. Tennis 278553. 15095390.
Golf 8962. 183452. Golf 17126. 358681. Golf 149874. 4211595.
Fishing 9282. 106150. Fishing 28073, 335043. Fishing 197019. 2741821.
Horseback 5250. 52722. Horseback 11150. 108880. Horseback 115322. 402520.
Hunting 2439. 27838. Hunting 5063. 58187. Hunting 27828. 121226.
Canoeing 7893. 43062. Canoeing 22431. 224105, Canoeing 263728. 1989273.
Outside Games 17557. 654550. Outside Games 36753. 1356052, Outside Games 229375. 6613343.

Year: 1980, Region: Lowr Pioneer Year: 1980, Region: Martha's Vyd Year: 1980, Region: Emmmr - Outr
Swim Pool 306927. 10878304. Swim Pool 2806. 72203. Swim Pool 380584. 8861189.
Swim Other 347914. 4588695. Swim Other 4728. 96453. Swim Other 612751. 9512378.
Picnicking 401581. 4942141. Picnicking 3924. 42548. Picnicking 497899. 4573586.
Camping 86138. 1162903. Camping 1489. 18370. Camping 163979. 752796.
Power Boat 87218. 1068976. Power Boat 1081. 12419. Power Boat 180505. 1611336.
Hiking 247972. 3448813. Hiking 2152. 36601. Hiking 225836. 3148856.
Bicycle 241725. 6989790. Bicycle 2848. 97566. Bicycle 539056. 9349890.
Tennis 126534. 5033496. Tennis 2212. 64607. Tennis 264054. 6942049.
Golf 132961. 3083793. Golf 1067. 22174. Golf 176536. 4583850.
Fishing 180534. 2324013. Fishing 1744. 20779. Fishing 329696. 6002401.
Horseback 52606. 1046760. Horseback 682. 6800. Horseback 149924. 453523.
Hunting 31595. 459437. Hunting 315, 3599, Hunting 35801. 408955.
Canoeing 72794. 383655. Canoeing 1380. 15211. Canoeing 125001. 417972.
Outside Games 231304. 6678646. Outside Games 2271. 84480. Outside Games 232104. 5368069.

Year: 1980, Region: Worcester Year: 1980, Region: Nantucket Year: 1980, Region: State Total
Swim Pool 225964. 5823256. Swim Pool 1739. 44688. Swim Pool 2049592. 52592720.
Swim Other 381079. 7792838. Swim Other 2928. 69635. Swim Other 3451947. 70463408.
Picnicking 315456. 3423199. Picnicking 2435. 26390. Picnicking 2923990. 31635872.
Camping 120372. 1479774. Camping 921. 11382. Camping 1093051. 13481375.
Power Boat 174389. 1999669. Power Boat 670. 7701, Power Boat 796101. 9169813.
Hiking 173863. 2942618. Hiking 1330. 22702. Hiking 1564326. 26714288.
Bicycle 229775. 7858294. Bicycle 1762. 60425. Bicycle 2085837. 71204032.
Tennis 172741. 5046583. Tennis 1367. 39911. Tennis 1613432. 46856032.
Golf 86605. 1794531. Golf 658. 13700. Golf 792083. 16899728.
Fishing 141328. 1683450. Fishing 1076. 12828. Fishing 1313359. 15976661.
Horseback 54934. 551910. Horseback 422, 4189. Horseback 494769. 4928343.
Hunting 25533. 291362. Hunting 194. .2223. Hunting 229672. 2710111.
Canoeing 111478. 1234166. Canoeing 853. 9379. Canoeing 1018146. 11100376.
Outside Games 183753. 6851658. Outside Games 1403. 52074. Outside Games 1661055. 61778752.

TOTAL RECREATION DEMAND PROJECTIONS (BY REGION OF INCIDENCE) Parameters: BOR modified by MRS

Activity No. of No. of Activity No. of No. of
Participants User Days Participants User Days
fRes. & (Res. & (Res. & fRes. &
Non-Res.) Non-Res.) Non-Res.) Non-Res.)

Year: 1980,SCORP Region I Year: 1980,SCORP Region V

Swim Pool 69077. 537659. Swim Pool 119458. 2970294.
Swim Other 234434. 1947827. Swim Other 207547. 3979996.
Picnicking 181393. 1636930. Picnicking 193651. 2029791.
Camping 111575. 874575. Camping 14984. 128914.
Power Boat 38869. 113002. Power Boat 32075. 346878.
Hiking 319494. 4846436. Hiking 84664. 1392451.
Bicycle 42593. 730753. Bicycle 182695. 6066779.
Tennis 53462. 1113418. Tennis 119566. 3443893.
Golf 27662. 421578. Golf 62543. 1285304.
Fishing 98502. 1077109. Fishing 86653. 1015990.
Horseback 51077. 699319. Horseback 23765. 235469.
Hunting 34300. 371230. Hunting 10881. - 118631.
Canoeing 51058. 367626. Canoeing 49749. 533962.
Outside Games 29233. 433638. Outside Games 147095. 5444037.

Year: 1980,SCORP Region II Year: 1980,SCORP Region VI
Swim Pool 289419. 9523038. Swim Pool 165970. 2530207.
Swim Other 271869. 3623361. Swim Other 687877. 9516056.
Picnicking 384595. 4779273. Picnicking 305282. 2454940.
Camping 50611. 497865. Camping 197094. 1433333.
Power Boat 78923. 840138. Power Boat 173490. 1757439.
Hiking 146835. 2007778. Hiking 124827. 1266968.
Bicycle 236393. 6895772. Bicycle 155057. 4050261.
Tennis 144917. 4941970. Tennis 84036. 1677616.
Golf 144670. 3275391. Golf 85330. 1610717.
Fishing 139779. 1720588. Fishing 170122. 1923947.
Horseback 43563. 824783. Horseback 78466. 483913.
Hunting 22626. 294981. Hunting 46358. 553133.
Canoeing 61915. 319658. Canoeing 129720. 1175776.
Outside Games 238268. 6969067. Outside Games 90763. 2999241.

Year: 1980,SCORP Region III Year: 1980,SCORP Region VII

Swim Pool 193912. 4806246. Swim Pool 132765. 1680589.
Swim Other 256385. 4650923. Swim Other 495022. 5647297.
Picnicking 279055. 2927059. Picnicking 180522. 1129354.
Camping 30205. 264646. Camping 149932. 875470.
Power Boat 135767. 1515265. Power Boat 109911. 967519.
Hiking 99201. 1580836. Hiking 65187. 234470.
Bicycle 187781. 6300689. Bicycle 100054. 2183345.
Tennis 162413. 4653451. Tennis 45399. 535077.
Golf 88353. 1799713. Golf 32564. 433091.
Fishing 74521. 855243. Fishing 90046. 873096.
Horseback 41310. 414041, Horseback 23527. 130103.
Hunting 15717. 168147. Hunting 23552. 210502.
Canoeing 70345. 753836. Canoeing 62643. 458865.
Outside Games 175742. 6510685. Outside Games 34563. 915236.

Year: 1980,SCORP Region IV Year: 1980,SCORP Region Total
Swim Pool 787803. 19206848. Swim Pool 1758401. 41254848.
Swim Other 1547458. 30752096. Swim Other 3700588. 60117552.
Picnicking 1083275. 11050861. Picnicking 2607771. 26008160.
Camping 96226. 948663. Camping 650628. 5023464.
Power Boat 282606. 3519099. Power Boat 851642. 9059343.
Hiking 630653. 10732507. Hiking 1470858. 22061408.
Bicycle 1068209. 33523280. Bicycle 1972780. 59750864.
Tennis 979162. 30039952. Tennis 1588951. 46405360.
Golf 446857. 10161605. Golf 887979. 18987360.
Fishing 597143. 8011956. Fishing 1256764. 15477931.
Horseback 317848. 1635566. Horseback 579557. 4423192.
Hunting 138426. 2215302. Hunting 291858. 3931925.
Canoeing 540694. 5632341. Canoeing 966124. 9242066.
Outside Games 808287. 30119600. Outside Games 1523949. 53391472.

RESIDENT RECREATION DEMAND PROJECTIONS (BY REGION OF ORIGIN) Parameters: BOR modified by MRS

Activity No. of No. of Activity No. of No. of Activity No. of No. of
Participants User Days Participants User Days Participants User Days
(State (State (State (State (State (State
Residents) Residents) Residents) Residents) Residents) Residents)

Year: 1985, Region: Berkshire Year: 1985, Region: S.R.P.E.D.D. Year: 1985, Region: Emmmr - Core
Swim Pool 32214. 455539. Swim Pool 163479. 4138187. Swim Pool 475980, 9857809.
Swim Other 45758. 624781. Swim Other 280153. 5700538. Swim Other 1067478. 23839280.
Picnicking 88227. 1089978. Picnicking 235246. 2579169. Picnicking 784039. 7672020.
Camping 12266. 94208. Camping 88154. 1093455. Camping 384508. 5078381,
Power Boat 19476. 50445. Power Boat 64479. 752616. Power Boat 219928. 2733955.
Hiking 58614. 1053442. Hiking 123853. 2047913. Hiking 405543. 2621720.
Bicycle 10979. 291781. Bicycle 161226. 5393086. Bicycle: 648007. 22272432.
Tennis 38140. 1105197. Tennis 125918. 3648038. Tennis 556983. 11966939.
Golf 19060. 393924. Golf 62729. 1299672. Golf 185585. 2903727.
Fishing 13823. 197995. Fishing 104098. 1243034. Fishing 370930. 3400152.
Horseback 21239. 259221. Horseback 38255. 362610. Horseback 118438. 1012449.
Hunting 5514. 64003. Hunting 18159. 211125. Hunting 98836. 2158088.
Canoeing 24399. 263361. Canoeing 80626. 866777. Canoeing 345983. 5156349.
Outside Games 24491. 427208. Outside Games 132767. 4739420. Outside Games 567186. 25391632.

Year: 1985, Region: Franklin Year: 1985, Region: Cape Cod Year: 1985, Region: Emmmr - Innr

Swim Pool 29571. 666719. Swim Pool 48130. 1213519. Swim Pool 433224. 12867620,
Swim Other 23682. 721880. Swim Other 82293. 1666020. Swim Other 677620. 14757660.
Picnicking 45603. 870202. Picnicking 69515. 760957. Picnicking 439636. 5692477.
Camping 8478. 162461. Camping 25728. 321665. Camping 200225. 2936592.
Power Boat 7791. 19489. Power Boat 18930. 221764. Power Boat 184233. 3196780.
Hiking 8101. 265944. Hiking 36171. 604931. Hiking 299433. 9854737.
Bicycle 15163. 603852. Bicycle 47223. 1586069. Bicycle 291222. 13698589.
Tennis 24568. 311817. Tennis 36706. 1062860. Tennis 265869. 14293951.
Golf 9103. 185510. Golf 18138. 378222. Golf 147994. 4140318.
Fishing 9569. 109621. Fishing 30184. 360817. Fishing 197476. 2752967.
Horseback 5073. 48614. Horseback 11235. 104699. Horseback 108321. 360764.
Hunting 2430. 28174. Hunting 5260. 61410. Hunting 26947. 119270.
Canoeing 7949. 42403. Canoeing 23557 250656. Canoeing 258193. 1904358.
Outside Games 17707. 634606. Outside Games 38653. 1371137. Outside Games 224890. 6233552.

Year: 1985, Region: Lowr Pioneer Year: 1985, Region: Martha's Vyd Year: 1985, Region: Emmmr - Outr
Swim Pool 310069. 10825614. Swim Pool 2871. 72733. Swim Pool 409564. 9392599.
Swim Other 357737. 4713504. Swim Other 4923. 100288. Swim Other 671085. 10404132.
Picnicking 417041. 5191365. Picnicking 4127. 45268. Picnicking 550859. 5118058.
Camping 88645. 1200621. Camping 1552. 19205. Camping 179700. 827923.
Power Boat 90245. 1122999. Power Boat 1133. 13213. Power Boat 198933. 1803202.
Hiking 248105. 3343449. Hiking 2179. 35926. Hiking 240612. 3252372.
Bicycle 237729. 6703689. Bicycle 2835. 94703., Bicycle 564620. 9653162.
Tennis 125292. 4944551. Tennis 2217. 64229. Tennis 278383. 7260812.
Golf 136230. 3144900. Golf 1107. 22895. Golf 192548. 4977442.
Fishing 187739. 2420775. Fishing 1835. 121910. Fishing 365013. 6656966.
Horseback 51244. 973812. Horseback 672. 6398. Horseback 155546. 448977.
Hunting 31748. 468951. Hunting 320. 3720. Hunting 38293. 444427.
Canoeing 73922. 381116. Canoeing 1419. 15293. Canoeing 135173. 441967.
Outside Games 235261. 6532472, Outside Games 2338. 83587. Outside Games 251361. 5588847.

Year: 1985, Region: Worcester Year: 1985, Region: Nantucket Year: 1985, Region: State Total

Swim Pool 225611. 5725985. Swim Pool 1795. 45447. Swim Pool 2035797. 51608064.
Swim Other 387212. 7905606. Swim Other 3077. 62616. Swim Other 3491659. 71182064.
Picnicking 323848. 3554300. Picnicking 2583. 28324. Picnicking 2925452. 32092528.
Camping 122366. 1509841. Camping 968. 12009. Camping 1101335. 13620802.
Power Boat 178308. 2076128. Power Boat 708. 8266. Power Boat 803804. 9369302.
Hiking 171844. 2819933. Hiking 1360. 22485. Hiking 1546953. 25470768.
Bicy6e 223266. 7448049. Bicycle 1771. 59225. Bicycle 2011579. 67186048.
Tennis 168951. 4896504. Tennis 1383. 40064. Tennis 1573806. 45604704.
Golf 87607. 1807491. Golf 689. 14275. Golf 786376, 16254443.
Fishing 145116. 1731621. Fishing 1144. 13655. Fishing 13Q3635. 15560668.
Horseback 52879. 506880. Horseback 420. 3982. Horseback 476808. 4548002.
Hunting 25331. 293714. Hunting 199. 2319. Hunting 227492. 2640929.
Canoeing 111835. 1210432. Canoeing 886. 9521. Canoeing 1006878. 10865445.
Outside Games 184592. 6616592. Outside Games 1458. 52056. Outside Games 1660202. 59401104.

TOTAL RECREATION DEMAND PROJECTIONS IBY REGION OF INCIDENCE) Parameters: BOR modified by MRS

Activity No. of No. of Activity No. of No. of
Participants User Days Participants User Days
(Res. & (Res. & (Res. & IRes. &
Non-Res.) Non-Res.) Non-Res.) Non-Res.)

Year: 1985,SCORP Region I Year: 1985, SCORP Region V

Swim Pool 66700. 526466. Swim Pool 119932. 2937889.
Swim Other 235806. 1966869. Swim Other 211974. 4055590.
Picnicking 184787. 1691544. Picnicking 199989. 2119734.
Camping 112776. 893178. Camping 15179. 131701.
Power Boat 39008. 113935. Power Boat 32911. 361857.
Hiking 317467. 4648967. Hiking 84199. 1342272.
Bicycle 41956. 696923. Bicycle 179179. 5778602.
Tennis 52212. 1068750. Tennis 117673. 3361743.
Golf 27634. 419353. Golf 63645. 1302386.
Fishing 100989, 1110324. Fishing 89463. 1051229.
Horseback 49072. 642081. Horseback 23010. 217623.
Hunting 34191. 375432. Hunting 10864. 120256.
Canoeing 51046. 359664. Canoeing 50187. 527052.
Outside Games 29040. 413751. Outside Games 148658. 5284784.

Year: 1985,SCORP Region I[ Year: 1985,SCORP Region VI

Swim Pool 292052. 9472705. Swim Pool 168081. 2546074.
Swim Other 277718. 3704591. Swim Other 700599. 9728077.
Picnicking 5008389. Picnicking 315037. 2580089.
Camping 51433. 510592. Camping 199301. 1452069.
Power Boat 81345. 881248. Power Boat 178424. 1831325.
Hiking 146872. 1946368. Hiking 125253. 1241065.
Bicycle 232347. 6605899. Bicycle 154827. 3915724.
Tennis 143357. 4852506. Tennis 84515. 1675067.
Golf 148080. 3338556. Golf 87812. 1662352.
Fishing 144878. 1788553. Fishing 177131. 2036884.
Horseback 42409. 766990. Horseback 77196. 451514.
Hunting 22695. 300515. Hunting 46513. 560744.
Canoeing 62745. 317420. Canoeing 131104. 1161704.
Outside Games 242169. 6811255. Outside Games 93059. 2954267@

Year: 1985,SCORP Region III Year: 1985,SCORP Region VII
Swim Pool 103622. 4726484. Swim Pool 133310. 1669805.
Swim Other 260361. 4720234. Swim Other 500690. 5734525.
Picnicking 286451. 3039953. Picnicking 183797. 1171393.
Camping 30504. 269156. Camping 150869. 882642.
Power Boat 138706. 1572610. Power Boat 112202. 1002190.
Hiking 98130. 15158.13. Hiking 65232. 233775.
Bicycle 182574. 5972493. Bicycle 99387. 2083998.
Tennis 158926. 4515378. Tennis 45247. 525015.
Golf 89355, 1812673. Golf 33063. 443734.
Fishing 76416. 879329. Fishinq 92673. 918211.
Horseback 39768. 380269. Horseback 23084. 120585.
Hunting 15606. 169441. Hunting 23549. 212082.
Canoeing 70559. 739595. Canoeing 62815. 451103.
Outside Games 176539. 6287372. Outside Games 34903. 887413.

Year: 1985, SCORP Region IV Year: 1985, SCORP Region Total
Swim Pool 794581, 19036656. Swim Pool 1770275. 40916064.
Swim Other 1583936. 31282672. Swim Other 3771081. 61192560.
4, Picnicking 1123905. 11559933. Picnicking 2692069. 27170976.
Camping 97849. 959487. Camping 657913. 5098824.
Power Boat 292219. 3662284. Power Boat 874815. 9425452.
Hiking 627059. 10261175. Hiking 1464209. 21189408.
Bicycle 1056338. 31850848. Bicycle 1946606. 56904448.
Tennis 964225. 29182496. Tennis 1566153. 45180944.
Golf 459232. 10431761. Golf 908820. 19410784.
Fishing 624508. 8488191. Fishing 1306054. 16272723.
Horseback 311774. 1512334. Horseback 566313. 4091395.
Hunting 138201. 2237694. Hunting 291619. 3976162.
Canoeing 542145. 5475583. Canoeing 970601. 9032121.
Outside Games 816998. 29066960. Outside Games 1541363. 51705760.

RESIDENT RECREATION DEMAND PROJECTIONS (BY REGION OF ORIGIN) Parameters: BOR modified by MRS

Activity No. of No. of Activity No. of No. of Activity No. of No. of
Participants User Days Participants User Days Participants User Days
(State fState (State (State I State (State
Residents) Residents) Residents) Residents) Residents) Residents)

Year: 1990, Region: Berkshire Year: 1990, Region: S.R.P.E.D.D. Year: 1990, Region: Emmmr - Core
Swim Pool 32090. 453060. Swim Pool 163605, 4135437. Swim Pool 470237. 9720987.
Swim Other 45851. 630616. Swim Other 282048. 5783350. Swim Other 1060793. 23855296.
Picnicking 89276. 1110320, Picnicking 239106. 2639223. Picnicking 786940. 7751364.
Camping 12333. 95492. Camping 89078. 1113528. Camping 383318. 5104713.
Power Boat 19662@ 51630. Power Boat 65401. 773873. Power Boat 220176. 2775121.
Hiking 57856, 1021195. Hiking 122859. 1994174. Hiking 396900. 2520704.
Bicycle 10818. 286341. Bicycle 159629. 5317415. Bicycle 633062. 21671040.
Tennis 37169. 1080683. Tennis 123331. 3585201. Tennis 538195. 11600744.
Golf 19194. 396362. Golf 63508. 1314377. Golf 185257. 2896642.
Fishing 14008, 201001. Fishing 106043. 1268481. Fishing 372596. 3421760.
Horseback 20602. 245482. Horseback 37283. 345263. Horseback 113930. 950250.
Hunting 5439. 63822. Hunting 18007. 211605. Hunting 96647. 2133589.
Canoeing 24248. 261664. Canoeing 80521. 865808. Canoeing 340933. 5078088.
Outside Games 24423. 420678. Outside Games 13307& 4692022. Outside Games 560755. 24780144.

Year: 1990, Region: Franklin Year: 1990, Region: Cape Cod Year: 1990, Region: Emmmr - Innr
Swim Pool 29412. 662009. Swim Pool 47065. 1185346. Swim Pool 430955. 12776704.
Swim Other 23692. 727277. Swim Other 80969. 1653354. Swim Other 678030. 14869637.
Picnicking 46074. 885068. Picnicking 69020. 760744. Picnicking 444312. 5791092.
Camping 8509. 164414. Camping 25420. 320103. Camping 200985. 2972217.
Power Boat 7852. 19911. Power Boat 18765, 222825. Power Boat 185715. 3267334.
Hiking 7982. 257425. Hiking 35081. 575456. Hiking 295077. 9540519.
Bicycle 14916. 591665. Bicycle 45704. 1528218. Bicycle 286471. 13420809.
Tennis 23900. 304359. Tennis 35156. 1021480. Tennis 258676. 13952288.
Golf 9148. 186305. Golf 17967@ 374074. Golf 148753. 4158753.
Fishing 9677. 111068. Fishing 30082. 360170. Fishing 199733. 2789603.
Horseback 4913. 45946. Horseback 10702, 97555. Horseback 104918. 340939.
Hunting 2392. 28041. Hunting 5103. 60196. Hunting 26533. 118731.
Canoeing 7886. 42046. Canoeing 23001. 244981. Canoeing 256183. 1888411.
Outside Games 17626. 623680. Outside Games 37890. 1328189. Outside Games 223877. 6125453.

Year: 1990, Region: Lowr Pioneer Year: 1990, Region: Martha's Vyd Year: 1990, Region: Emmmr - Outr
Swim Pool 313343. 10924867. Swim Pool 2776. 70260. Swim Pool 436469. 9991245.
Swim Other 363693. 4828837. Swim Other 4790. 98365. Swim Other 719370. 11230568.
Picnicking 428008. 5364038. Picnicking 4053. 44764. Picnick ing 596412. 5577969.
Camping 94061. 1234633. Camping 1516. 18902. Camping 193243. 897716.
Power Boat 92435. 1165971. Power Boat 1111. 13131. Power Boat 214832. 1974412.
Hiking 248549. 3287395. Hiking 2090. 33800. Hiking 254018. 3373190.
Bicycle 237693. 6674377. Bicycle 2713. 90236. Bicycle 595014. 10026827.
Tennis 123936. 4907653. Tennis 2100, 61045. Tennis 290164. 7592634.
Golf 139306. 3212129. Golf 1084@ 22394. Golf 207335. 5356091.
Fishing 193157. 2494995. Fishing 1809, 21629. Fishing 395511. 7226554.
Horseback 50432. 936552. Horseback 633, 5895. Horseback 161403. 454562.
Hunting 31799. 474697. Hunting 307. 3606. Hunting 40392. 473964.
Canoeing 74555. 384512. Canoeing 1370, 14780. Canoeing 143684. 469517.
Outside Games 238152. 6532007. Outside Games 2267@ 80061. Outside Games 268071. 5883553.

Year: 1990, Region: Worcester Year: 1990, Region: Nantucket Year: 1990, Region: State Total
Swim Pool 225840. 5722932. Swim Pool 1770@ 44753. Swim Pool 2046490. 51804176.
Swim Other 389904. 8017869. Swim Other 3052, 62591. Swim Other 3531014. 72522816.
Picnicking 329279. 36-38186. Picnicking 2587, 28554. Picnicking 2986816. 32987120.
Camping 123647. 1537891. Camping 964. 12049. Camping 1117830. 13932865.
Power Boat 180888. 2135167. Power Boat 708. 8373. Power Boat 818943. 9676652.
Hiking 170466. 2746842. Hiking 1330, 21572. Hiking 1541365, 24913680.
Bicycle 221074. 7345073. Bicycle 1728, 57535. Bicycle 2000531. 66539760.
Tennis 165474. 4811888. Tennis 1335, 38807. Tennis 1548332. 45018352.
Golf 88672. 1827791. Golf 688. 14230. Golf 799657. 16511378.
Fishing 147791. 1766772. Fishing 114& 13733. Fishing 1333829. 15949484.
Horseback 51544. 482478. Horseback 403. 3739, Horseback 466773. 4349530.
Hunting 25114@ 294351. Hunting 195. 2291. Hunting 226589. 2658680.
Canoeing 111691. 1208755. Canoeing 672, 9376. Canoeing 1010037. 10901234.
Outside Games 185006. 6548653. Outside Games 1441, 50804. Outside Games 1671445. 59066512.

TOTAL RECREATION DEMAND PROJECTIONS (BY REGION OF INCIDENCE) Parameters: BOR modified by MRS

Activity No. of No. of Activity No. of No. of
Participants User Days Participants User Days
(Res. & (Res. & Ill & (Res. &
Non-Res.) Non-Res.) Non-Res.) Non-Res.)

Year: 1990, SCORP Region I Year: 1990,SCORP Region V
Swim Pool 68598. 524432. Swim Pool 120021. 2935948.
Swim Other 236565. 1988275. Swim Other 214202. 4122119.
Picnicking 187484. 1731949. Picnicking 203803. 2174153.
Camping 113624. 909826. Camping 15272. 133709.
Power Boat 39147. 114824. Power,Boat 33344. 371848.
Hiking 316793. 4551679. Hiking 83553, 1307342.
Bicycle 41797. 689951. Bicycle 178244. 5705089.
Tennis 51319. 1046198. Tennis 115293. 3303933.
Golf 27768. 421791. Golf 64423. 1317091.
Fishing 102839. 1135769. Fishing 91096. 1072604.
Horseback 47858. 612260. Horseback 22427. 207215.
Hunting 34051. 377465. Hunting 10781. 1W520.
Canoeing 51006. 358690. Canoeing 50124. 526470.
Outside Games 28976. 407547. Outside Games 149145. 5230833.

Year: 1990,SCORP Region II Year: 1990, SCORP Region VI

Swim Pool 294606. 9550229. Swim Pool 167949. 2537579.
Swim Other 281029. 3776966. Swim Other 705039. 9852987.
Picnicking 407316. 5159628. Picnicking 318963. 2634170.
Camping 51996. 621705. Camping 200627. 1466861.
Power Boat 83033. 913793. Power Boat 181639. 1886875.
Hiking 147045. 1912145. Hiking 124082. 1202274.
Bicycle 231996. 6565476. Bicycle 153872. 3841221.
Tennis 141496. 4811699. Tennis 82833. 1630228.
Golf 151201. 3406580. Golf 89208, 1698374.
Fishing 148626. 1839737. Fishing 181382. 2115448.
Horseback 41680. 737045. Horseback 76160. 429434.
Hunting 22691. 303635. Hunting 46265. 560253.
Canoeing 63144. 319547. Canoeing 130637. 1150565.
Outside Games 244839. 6800433. Outside Games 92741. 2894771.

Year: 1990, SCOR P Region I I I Year: 1990,SCORP Region VII
Swim Pool 193810. 4723981. Swim Pool 133934. 1681313.
Swim Other 262274. 4789227. Swim Other 503961. 5817075.
Picnicking 291378. 3113676. Picnicking 186056. 1199683.
Camping 30697. 273363. Camping 151561. 890167.
Power Boat 140641. 1616889. Power Boat 114040. 1032627.
Hiking 97400. 1477075. Hiking 65138. 231404.
Bicycle 180821. 5890113. Bicycle 99666. 2062237.
Tennis 155727. 4437531. Tennis 44953. 517168.
Golf 90419. 1832973. Golf 33495. 454888.
Fishing 77753. 896904. Fishing 94720. 955710.
Horseback 38767. 361967. Horseback 22878. 115149.
Hunting 15486. 169791. Hunting 23506. 212165.
Canoeing 70473. 738589. Canoeing 62786. 448339.
Outside Games 176933. 6222830. Outside Games 35003. 874377.

Year: 1990,SCORP Region IV Year: 1990, SCORP Region Total

Swim Pool 805747. 19255856. Swim Pool 1784663. 41209312.
Swim Other 1609983. 31882400. Swim Other 3813051. 62229040.
Picnicking 1156901. 11956451. Picnicking 2751902. 27969664.
Camping 99161. 972662. Camping 662939. 5168291.
Power Boat 300505. 3795261. Power Boat 892350. 9732120.
Hiking 627323. 10069806. Hiking 1461332. 20751696.
Bicycle 1063477. 31564144. Bicycle 1949871. 56318192.
Tennis 951871. 28855344. Tennis 1543489. 44602096.
Golf 472425. 10769889. Golf 928941. 19901552.
Fishing 647153. @89005 *50. Fishing 1343568. 16916720.
Horseback 309985. 1448580. Horseback 559754. 3911648.
Hunting 137763. 2241398. Hunting 290544. 3985226.
Canoeing 543133. 5428725. Canoeing 971302. 8970925.
Outside Games 824234. 28735120. Outside Games 1551868. 51165872.

RESIDENT RECREATION DEMAND PROJECTIONS (BY REGION OF ORIGIN) Parameters: BOR modified by MRS

Activity No. of No. of Activity No. of No. of Activity No. of No. of
Participants User Days Participants User Days Participants User Days
(State fState (State (State (State (State
Residents) Residents) Residents) Residents) Residents) Residents)

Year: 1995, Region: Berkshire Year: 1995, Region: S.R.P.E.D.D. Year: 1995, Region: Emmmr - Core

Swim Pool 32253. 456700. Swim Pool 165155. 4187349. Swim Pool 469208. 9726913.
Swim Other 45838. 634160. Swim Other 283225. 5842996. Swim Other 1052711. 23809616.
Picnicking 90217. 1117911. Picnicking 242656. 2668741. Picnicking 789663. 7749122.
Camping 12383. 96406. Camping 89857. 1129148. Camping 381938. 5116354.
Power Boat 19826. 52292. Power Boat 66244. 787215. Power Boat 220388. 2790756.
Hiking 57862. 1019438. Hiking 123440. 1999219. Hiking 393923. 2498433.
Bicycle 10901. 290761. Bicycle 161584. 5423243. Bicycle 633184. 21846480.
Tennis 36965. 1079235. Tennis 123229. 3597271. Tennis 531116. 11496421.
Golf 19663. 406211. Golf 65381. 1353408. Golf 188235. 2945488.
Fishing 14139. 203400. Fishing 107557. 1289826. Fishing 373104. 3435299.
Horseback 20565. 246865. Horseback 37381. 348940. Horseback 112888. 948030.
Hunting 5457. 64453. Hunting 18154. 214713. Hunting 96184. 2137792.
Canoeing 24320. 268468. Canoeing 81135. 892720. Canoeing 339354. 5168155.
Outside Games 24402. 422867. Outside Games 133591. 4739777. Outside Games 555941. 24713664.

Year: 1995, Region: Franklin Year: 1995, Region: Cape Cod Year: 1995, Region: Emmmr - Innr

Swim Pool 29481. 665427. Swim Pool 46554. 1176657. Swim Pool 444475. 13214486.
Swim Other 23619. 729214. Swim Other 79691. 1638394. Swim Other 695495. 15340313.
Picnicking 46443. 888831. Picnicking 68603. 753564. Picnicking 460845. 5984131.
Camping 8518. 165539. Camping 25153. 318088. Camping 206997. 3079188.
Power Boat 7896. 20117. Power Boat 18630. 222080. Power Boat 192147. 3396253.
Hiking 7959. 256307. Hiking 34572. 565082. Hiking 302714. 9774274.
Bicycle 14987. 599133. Bicycle 45361. 1527472. Bicycle, 296163. 13984500.
Tennis 23697. 303019. Tennis 34461. 1005582. Tennis 263859. 14291877.
Golf 9341. 190362. Golf 18164. 377941. Golf 156228. 4371113.
Fishing 9738. 112047. Fishing 29953. 359474. Fishing 206732. 2894839.
Horseback 4891. 46049. Horseback 10517. 96842. Horseback 107455. 351584.
Hunting 2392. 28232. Hunting 5051. 59938. Hunting 27294. 122965.
Canoeing 7886. 42998. Canoeing 22731. 248053. Canoeing 263572. 1986546.
Outside Games 17557. 624869. Outside Games 37322. 1317549. Outside Games 229420. 6314505.

Year: 1995, Region: Lowr Pioneer Year: 1995, Region: Martha's Vyd Year: 1995r Region: Emmmr - Outr

Swim Pool 318222. 11128350. Swim Pool 2724. 69176. Swim Pool 451393. 10361806.
Swim Other 367402. 4907408. Swim Other 4676. 96635. Swim Other 739917. 11617712.
Picnicking @37014. 5456986. Picnicking 3996. 43961. Picnicking 620298. 5779679.
Camping 91790. 1259496. Camping 1487. 18630. Camping 199568. 932669.
Power Boat 94187 1193252. Power Boat 1094. 12979. Power Boat 222880. 2057928.
Hiking 251200. 3315803. Hiking 2043. 32928. Hiking 261304. 3465269.
Bicycle 242037 6848222. Bicycle 2671. 89481. Bicycle 616825. 10476481.
Tennis 124561. 4953070. Tennis 2041. 59583. Tennis 296787. 7798648.
Golf 144240. 3326900. Golf 1086. 22429. Golf 218349. 5644987,
Fishing 197050. 2551716. Fishing 1785. 21397. Fishing 410489. 7519654.
Horseback 50869. 951945. Horseback 617. 5800. Horseback 165757. 470031.
Hunting 32243. 484485. Hunting 301. 3559. Hunting 41664. 492212.
Canoeing 75568. 398743. Canoeing 1342. 14831. Canoeing 148232. 495266.
Outside Games 240474. 6636450, Outside Games 2213. 78724, Outside Games 275458, 6081677.

Year: 1995, Region: Worcester Year: 1995, Region: Nantucket Year: 1995, Region: State Total
Swim Pool 228062. 5796339. Swim Pool 1766. 44784. Swim Pool 2071376. 52590112.
Swim Other 391646. 8100943. Swim Other 3029. 62510. Swim Other 3554981. 73448432.
Picnicking 334325. 3680402. Picnicking 2595. 28545. Picnicking 3039523. 33446624.
Camping 124743, 1559981. Camping 961. 12077. Camping 1130363. 14165634.
Power Boat 183273. 2172778. Power Boat 709. 8421. Power Boat 831653. 9869838.
Hiking 171297. 2755007. Hiking 1320. 21373. Hiking 1552480. 25045088.
Bicycle 223831. 7493692. Bicycle 1728. 57982. Bicycle 2030169. 68042832.
Tennis 165354. 4828456. Tennis 1318. 38481. Tennis 1550806. 45278656.
Golf 91280. 1882248. Golf 700. 14481. Golf 825095. 17042624.
Fishing 149894. 1796486. Fishing 1151. 13802. Fishing 1355982. 16255599.
Horseback 51696. 487543. Horseback 400. 3733. Horseback 469227. 4405517.
Hunting 25317. 298692. Hunting 194. 2298. Hunting 228957. 2704157.
Canoeing 112560. 1246196. Canoeing 868. 9553. Canoeing 1020262. 11265224.
Outside Games 185732. 6614534. Outside Games 1429. 50711. Outside Games 1681926. 59801072.

TOTAL RECREATION DEMAND PROJECTIONS (BY REGION OF INCIDENCE) Parameters: BOR modified by MRS

Activity No. of No. of Activity No. of No. of
Participants User Days Participants User Days
(Res. & (Res. & (Res. & (Res. &
Non-Res.) Non-Res.) Non-Res.) Non-Res.?

Year: 1995, SCORP Region I Year: 1995, SCORP Region V
Swim Pool 68732. 527417. Swim Pool 121115. 2972661.
Swim Other 236974. 2002643. Swim Other 215720. 4174402.
Picnicking 189743. 1752379. Picnicking 207161. 2202954.
Camping 114248. 921938. Camping 15350. 135271.
Power Boat 39271. 115320. Power Boat 33740. 378118.
Hiking 319373, 4600458. Hiking 83931. 1310621.
Bicycle 42092. 702995. Bicycle 180819. 5827793.
Tennis 51131. 1044866. Tennis 115199. 3315038.
Golf 28237. 431639. Golf 66296. 1356122.
Fishing 104200. 1155844. Fishing 92369. 1090533.
Horseback 47963. 618784. Horseback 22486. 209421.
Hunting 34295. 383076. Hunting 10861. 122229.
Canoeing 51231. 366971. Canoeing 50492. 542617.
Outside Games 28956. 409627. Outside Games 149805. 5282936.

Year: 1995,SCORP Region II Year:. 1995, SCORP Region V1
Swim Pool 298663. 9719889. Swim Pool 168612. 2562558.
Swim Other 283056. 3825992. Swim Other 707813. 9950574.
Picnicking 414893. 5237240. Picnicking 322205. 2660410.
Camping 52413. 529826. Camping 201734. 1483266.
Power Boat 84380. 934498. Power Boat 184335. 1929769.
Hiking 148438. 1926608. Hiking 123811. 1195143.
Bicycle 235887. 6727022. Bicycle 155116. 3900525.
Tennis 141884. 4852250. Tennis 82279. 1623544.
Golf 156329. 3525407. Golf 91616. 1758901.
Fishing 151327. 1879060. Fishing 184107. 2166760.
Horseback 41991. 748667. Horseback 76872. 433041.
Hunting 22945. 309340. Hunting 46463. 564308.
Canoeing 63853. 330176. Canoeing 131323. 1176759.
Outside Games 246979. 6900784. Outside Games 92559. 2898774.

Year: 1995,SCORP Region III Year: 1995,SCORPRegi6nVII
Swim Pool 195631. 4784174. Swim Pool 134961. 1712401.
Swim Other 263519. 4840501. Swim Other 506189. 5883332.
Picnicking 295874. 3151707. Picnicking 187919. 1216202.
Camping 30861. 276677. Camping 152140. 898560.
Power Boat 142430. 1645097. Power Boat 115581. 1056690.
Hiking 97841. 1481402. Hiking 65094. 230569.
Bicycle 183026. 6009008. Bicycle 100894. 2109511.
Tennis 155617. 4452774. Tennis 44931. 519935.
Golf 93028. 1887430. Golf 34153. 471678.
Fishing 78805. 911761. Fishing 96051. 980286.
Horseback 38881. 365766. Horseback 23155. 116427.
Hunting 15598. 172179. Hunting 23578. 213459.
Canoeing 70995. 761054. Canoeing 63125. 457560.
Outside Games 177623. 6285417, Outside Games 35104. 879432.

Year: 1995, SCORP Region IV Year: 1995, SCORP Region Total
Swim Pool 821949. 19737088. Swim Pool - 1809661. 42016160.
Swim Other 1628506. 32390544. Swim Other 3841776. 63067984.
Picnicking 1183707. 12200259. Picnicking 2801501. 28421104.
Camping 100256. 988008. Camping 667002. 5233544.
Power Boat 307410. 3902455. Power Boat 907147. 9961862.
Hiking 635089. 10267121. Hiking 1473574. 21011904.
Bicycle 1085376. 32391200. Bicycle 1983208. 57668016.
Tennis 955984. 29239264. Tennis 1547021. 45047680.
Golf 491038. 11246828. Golf 960697. 20677968.
Fishing 661963. 9171402. Fishing 1368819. 17355616.
Horseback 314679. 1468246. Horseback 566026. 3960350.
Hunting 139051. 2263429. Hunting 292793. 4028020.
Canoeing 550522. 5584711. Canoeing 981541. 9219849.
Outside Games 830574. 28985584@ Outside Games 1561598. 51642512.

RESIDENT RECREATION DEMAND PROJECTIONS (BY REGION OF ORIGIN) Parameters: BOR modified by MRS

Activity No. of No. of Activity No. of No. of Activity No. of No. of
Participants User Days Participants User Days Participants User Days
JState (State (State (State (State (State
Residents) Residents) Residents) Residents) Residents) Residents)

Year: 2000, Region: Berkshire Year: 2000, Region: S.R.P.E.D.D. Year: 2000, Region: Emmmr - Core
Swim Pool 32663. 463411. Swim Pool 167883. 4265386. Swim Pool 470882. 9776306.
Swim Other 46021. 637811. Swim Other 285444. 5899562. Swim Other 1047469. 23721392.
Picnick ing 91422. 1123084, Picnicking 246801. 2691033. Picnicking 793393. 7717684.
Camping 12484. 97339. Camping 90949. 1144394. Camping 381493. 5119205.
Power Boat 20069. 52683. Power Boat 67314. 796038. Power Boat 221108. 2787311.
Hiking 58511. 1034316. Hiking 125321. 2035888. Hiking 394637. 2511398.
Bicycle 11108. 298577. Bicycle 165288. 5590175. Bicycle 639077. 22212592.
Tennis 37373, 1092691. Tennis 125091. 3656795. Tennis 532004. 11528798.
Golf 20366. 420320. Golf 68004. 1406114, Golf 193125. 3019789.
Fishing 14286. 206053. Fishing 109129. 1312033. Fishing 373463. 3447543.
Horseback 20898. 255721. Horseback 38132. 362996. Horseback 113652. 972419.
Hunting 5551. 65809. Hunting 18545. 220126. Hunting 96929. 2162804.
Canoeing 24637. 279816. Canoeing 82519. 934405. Canoeing 340655. 5335148.
Outside Games 24523. 429260. Outside Games 134795. 4831601. Outside Games 553449. 24839712.

Year: 2000, Region: Franklin Year: 2000, Region: Cape Cod Year: 2000, Region: Emmmr - Innr
Swim Pool 29812. 674157, Swim Pool 46722. 1184044. Swim Pool 461540. 13747065.
Swim Other 23678. 732185. Swim Other 79323. 1634821. Swim Other 715829. 15812660.
Picnicking 47001. 891705, Picnicking 68850. 749959. Picnicking 478838. 6163534.
Camping 8572. 166895. Camping 25169. 318326. Camping 213836. 3187301.
Power Boat 7981. 20239. Power Boat 18699. 221664. Power Boat 199369. 3507659.
Hiking 8035. 259715. Hiking 34696. 567833. Hiking 313743. 10174149.
Bicycle 15247. 614373. Bicycle 45848. 1564712. Bicycle 309386. 14729167.
Tennis 23916. 306249. Tennis 34591. 1010861. Tennis 273413. 14830373.
Golf 9655. 196608. Golf 18706. 388385. Golf 165708. 4633569.
Fishing 9820. 113287. Fishing 30075. 361819. Fishing 213952. 3003759.
Horseback 4963. 47602. Horseback 10596. 99766. Horseback 111978. 373126.
Hunting 2429. 28772. Hunting 5107. 60784 Hunting 28443. 128628.
Canoeing 7975, 44723. Canoeing 22853. 257071. Canoeing 273642. 2120708.
Outside Games 17611. 633039. Outside Games 37244. 1329598. Outside Games 236239. 6566443.

Year: 2000, Region: Lowr Pioneer Year: 2000, Region: Martha's Vyd Year: 2000, Region: Emmmr - Outr
Swim Pool 325177. 11393894. Swim Pool 2712. 69035. Swim Pool 470443. 10818972.
Swim Other 372205. 4980171. Swim Other 4616. 95606. Swim Other 764342. 12019361.
Picnicking 446855. 5531786. Picnicking 3979. 43416. Picnicking 646879. 5974771.
Camping 93372. 1283183. Camping 1476. 16491. Camping 206917. 968852.
Power Boat 96205. 1213014. Power Boat 1089. 12852. Power Boat 232105. 2133226.
Hiking 256315. 3394634. Hiking 2033. 32827. Hiking 271818. 3620278.
Bicycle 248854. 7095872. Bicycle 2677. 90346. Bicycle 646729. 11074870.
Tennis 127077. 5060141. Tennis. 2031@ 59382. Tennis 308661. 8122187.
Golf 150746. 3473590. Golf 1108. 22847. Golf 232448. 6005871.
Fishing 200905. 2608358. Fishing 1776. 21345. Fishing 426382. 7831192.
Horseback 52160. 995004. Horseback 617. 5922. Horseback 173367. 500661.
Hunting 33097. 499155. Hunting 302. 3577. Hunting 43577. 516765.
Canoeing 77246. 419361. Canoeing 1338. 15230. Canoeing 154459. 530653.
Outside Games 243848. 6797565. Outside Games 2190. 78744. Outside Games 284686. 6347531.

Year: 2000, Region: Worcester Year: 2000, Region: Nantucket Year: 2000, Region: State Total

Swim Pool 232020. 5908515. Swim Pool 1781. 45256. Swim Pool 2112789. 53746176.
Swim Other 395021. 8185141. Swim Other 3029. 62604. Swim Other 3594872. 74401088.
Picnicking 340349. 3714451. Picnicking 2618. 28548. Picnicking 3102342. 33843584.
Camping 126334. 1582322. Camping 965. 12141. Camping 1147717@ 14405695.
Power Boat 186374. 2199179. Power Boat 714. 8445. Power Boat 847911. 10015309.
Hiking 174014. 2808084. Hiking 1330. 21597. Hiking 1581157. 25594048.
Bicycle 229122. 7730442. Bicycle 1754. 59296. Bicycle 2083511. 70374400.
Tennis 167950. 4911078. Tennis 1328. 38814. Tennis 1579184. 46171440.
Golf 94973. 1956563. Golf 722. 14927. Golf 860677. 17760896.
Fishing 152156. 1828265. Fishing 1159. 13929. Fishing 1379932. 16585366.
Horseback 52775. 507334. Horseback 405. 3854. Horseback 480256. 4596039.
Hunting 25874. 306378. Hunting 197. 2337. Hunting 234586. 2780841.
Canoeing 114552. 1304790. Canoeing 876. 9922. Canoeing 1040985. 11825183.
Outside Games 187508. 6745188. Outside Games 1431. 51291. Outside Games 1702354. 61137536.

TOTAL RECREATION DEMAND PROJECTIONS (BY REGION OF INCIDENCE) Parameters- BOR modified by MRS

Activity No. of No. of Activity No. of No. of
Participants User Days Participants User Days
(Res. & (Res. & (Res. & (Res. &
Non-Res.) Non-Res.) Non-Res.) Non-Res.)

Year: 2000, SCORP Region I Year: 2000, SCORP Region V
Swim Pool 69067. 532920. Swim Pool 123041. 3027692.
Swim Other 237739. 2016710. Swim Other 217991. 4224531.
Picnicking 192374. 1768855. Picnicking 211028. 2225917.
Camping 115049. 933698. Camping 15459. 136795.
Power Boat 39453. 115614. Power Boat 34244. . 382265.
Hiking 324964. 4722405. Hiking 85153. 1334456.
Bicycle 42632. 723174. Bicycle 185352. 6016031.
Tennis 51507. 1057245. Tennis 116912. 3369800.
Golf 28940. 445749. Golf 68919. 1408828.
Fishing 105603. 1176583. Fishing 93689. 1109187.
Horseback 48906. 643740. Horseback 22936. 217855.
Hunting 34890. 392354. Hunting 11076. 125206.
Canoeing 51786. 380305. Canoeing 51323. 567629.
Outside Games 29071. 415700. Outside Games 151234. 5383689.

Year: 2000, SCORP Region 11 Year: 2000, SCORP Region VI
Swim Pool 304638. 9944793. Swim Pool 170234. 2609436.
Swim Other 285864. 3872674. Swim Other 712797. 10054165.
Picnicking 423329. 5299468. Picnicking 326454. 2684998.
Camping 52934. 537705. Camping 203222. 1499575.
Power Boat 85957. 949321 Power Boat 187669. 1964033.
Hiking 151189. 1970195. Hiking 124412. 1207483.
Bicycle 242167. 6962316. Bicycle 157994. 4012008.
Tennis 144399. 4953727. Tennis 82799. 1644501.
Golf 163147. 3678343. Golf 95091. 1841202.
Fishing 154033. 1918703. Fishing 187166. 2223251.
Horseback 43013. 782126. Horseback 79036. 450260.
Hunting 23463. 318090. Hunting 47129. 573980.
Canoeing 65090. 345815. Canoeing 133155. 1222054.
Outside Games 250236. 7061604, Outside Games 93082. 2938550.

Year: 2000,SCORP Region III Year: 2000, SCORP Region VII
Swim Pool 198877. 4876159. Swim Pool 136450. 1753634.
Swim Other 26E5715. 4891968. Swim Other 509390. 5948145.
Picnicking 301201. 3182725. Picnicking 190063. 1230572.
Camping 31100. 280028. Camping 152880. 906666.
Power Boat 144756. 1664898. Power Boat 117406. 1075821.
Hiking 99281. 1509533. Hiking 65093. 230664.
Bicycle 187259. 6198408. Bicycle 102883. 2179838.
Tennis 158005. 4528786. Tennis 45154. 529001.
Golf 96721. 1961745. Golf 35052. 493470.
Fishing 79935. 927651. Fishing 97459. 1006312.
Horseback 39690. 380610. Horseback 23842. 121200.
Hunting 15905. 176406. Hunting 23772. 216278.
Canoeing 72189. 796210. Canoeing 63791. 472434.
Outside Games 179310. 6409538. Outside Games 35354. 892879.

Year: 2000,SCORP Region IV Year: 2000, SCORP Region Total

Swim Pool 844282. 20351232. Swim Pool 1846588. 43095840.
Swim Other 1653094. 32881952. Swim Other 3882588. 63890144.
Picnicking 1213727. 12413292. Picnicking 2858175. 28805776.
Camping 101631. 1002733. Camping 672274. 5297199.
Power Boat 315478. 3988587. Power Boat 924962. 10140543.
Hiking 649555. 10636223. Hiking 1499644. 21610928.
Bicycle 1119404. 33582144. Bicycle 2037689. 59673872.
Tennis 975399. 30017392. Tennis 1574173. 46100448.
Golf 515719. 11851684. Golf 1003590. 21680976.
Fishing 677427. 9455979. Fishing 1395311. 17817632.
Horseback 325109. 1531605. Horseback 582532. 4127392.
Hunting 142183. 2308807. Hunting 298419. 4111121.
Canoeing 563161. 5829982. Canoeing 1000495. 9614432.
Outside Games 841160. 29488432. Outside Games 1579444. 52590336.

Section 4

Capacity Standards

The following activities have had apply to miles of developed trail only. turnover rates reflect a judgment of the
capacity standards developed: Street bike riding cannot be computed number of times during a peak use day
bicycling into supply and thus, has not been that different "sets" of uswrs could be
boating analyzed in a capacity sense. suitably accommodated. By use of the
turnover calculation explained earlier,
camping b (persons/trail mile) The instant ca- 6 hrs. (10 a.m.-4 p.m.) has been substi-
canoeing/sailing pacity figures of a mile of bicycle trail tuted as the numerator for both urban
fishing for urban and non-urban areas appear and non-urban areas;. 1 and. 166 have
golf as 20 and 10 persons/mi., respective- been used for the respective de-
hiking ly. These have been derived using a nominators (these duration of use fig-
horseback riding prototypical trail with a width of 12 feet, ures are the number of hours that it
hunting allowing enough maneuverability,for takes a bicycler to use one mile of trail
picnicking dual-directional bicycle and pedest- in urban and non-urban areas, using 6
swimming (other) rian traffic (Nat'l Recreation and Parks mph and 10 mph, respectively -
swimming (pool)
Assoc., "Bikeways," 1974, p. 51). This Boston Bicentennial Commission,
tennis represents a one-directional fre- bicycle paths).
The format with which we have pre- quency of a bicyclist every 264 feet for
sented each of these activity standards urban areas, and one every 528 feet d Each mile of bicycle trail in urban and
can be best explained by referring to for non-urban paths. The urban ca- non-urban areas can handle daily ca-
Diagram 1. Each of the inputs in deter- pacity is larger than the non-urban fig- pacity loads of 1200 and 360 persons,
mining the annual capacity for picnick- ure because, in the judgment of respectively.
ing is presented and defined. SCORP planners, the bicycling ex .pe- e The region-by-region design day fig-
rience in heavily populated areas is
not so much concerned with solitude ures for bicycling come from a variety
as it is with exercise and "exploring" of sources. The method that was used
Narrative explanation the city. In non-urban areas, however, consisted of surveying several recre-
a large part of bicycling is the enjoy- ational authorities in each of the
Here, Massachusetts Outdoors has ment of the natural surroundings and SCORP regions to ascertain the con-
generated capacity guidlines for per- possibly even an escape from contact tiguous time period during the year
sons per mile bicycle trail per year. with people. Both capacity figures when at least 80% of the participation
This analysis of regionalized stan- adhere to minimum safety spacing in bicycling occurs, The respondent
dards for bicycling assumes that all of standards. was asked to reply with: "At least 80%
the facility demanders have their own of bicycling in this region takes place
bicycles. In the future, Massachusetts c (/day) The average length of use for a between (date) and (clate)." The an-
Outdoors will attempt to explore the recreational bicycling trail in Boston swers of beginning and ending dates
rental supply in each of the SCORP differs from that of a rural or natural were averaged for each region so as to
regions. Note thafthe standards here area in western Massachusetts. The determine an effective length of sea-
son for bicycling in each region. De-
sign days were then computed by ap-
SCORP BICYCLING DESIGN DAYS ANNUAL CAPACITY STANDARDS plying the methodology explained
(days/year) (Personshnile/year) previously. The resultant figures ap-
Urban Non-urban pear in the table below.

Region 1 55.7 66840 20052 'Not applicable.
Region 11 53.6 64320 19296 9 (persons/trail mile/year) These all-
Region 111 46.9 56280 16884 important figures tell planners how
Region IV 67.9 81480 24444 many people can be annually ac-
Region V 68.8 82560 24768 commodated on a mile of bicycle trail
in a particular SCORP region. Each
Region VI 35.6 42720 12816 region has been given both an urban
Region Vill 29.6 35520 10656 and non-urban area standard with
the figures listed in the table below.

BICYCLINGa

DENSITY INSTANT X TURNOVER DAILY DESIGN CONVERT ANNUAL
SUBGROUP CAPACITyb RATEc CAPACITyd DAYSe FACTORf CAPACITY9

Urban 20 60 1200 NA

Non-urban 10 36 360 NA

Narrative explanation been found to be capable of handling
a Boating, here, includes power boating daily capacity loads for motor boating
only. The capacity standards gen- of .5 and .3325, respectively.
erated here apply to the availability of e (days/year) The design day figures re-
surface water for the activity. The sult from the surveying of various rec-
analysis assumes that everyone who reation authorities in each region to
demands power boating use either ascertain the specific time period dur-
owns or has access to a boat. Future ing the years when most participation
Studies will consider rental facilities as in the activity occurs. The respondent
well. was asked to reply with: "Most boating
b(persons/acre of water) The urban and participation occurs in this region be-
non-urban instant capacity figures are tween (date and date)." For each re-
based on 2.5 persons per boat; 1 boat gion, answers were tabulated and av-
per 20 acres of surface water (see eraged so as to determine an effective
B. 0. R., Outdoor Recreation Space regionalized length of season for boat-
Standards, 1967, page 28). ing. Design days were then computed
using the methodology stated previ-
c ( /day) The turnover rate ously in this text. The design day fig-
available hours of use ures that resulted appear in the table
during a favorable day below.
average hours of
use by one user Not applicable.
9 Regionalized annual boating ca-
Both urban and non-urban computa- pacities represent the ability of an acre
tions use 12 hours in the numerator. of water to suitably accommodate a
The denominator uses 2 and 3 hours certain amount of boaters during the
for urban and non-urban, respectively. course of a given year. The figures for
d(persons/acre/day) Each acre of water each of the seven SCORP Regions
in urban and non-urban areas has appear below.

SCORP BOATING DESIGN DAYS ANNUAL CAPACITY STANDARDS
Jdays/year) (persons/water acre/year)
Urban Non-urban

Region 1 35.6 17.8 11.7

Region 11 43.4 21.7 14.3

Region 111 42.1 21.0 13.9

Region IV 38.1 19.0 12.6

Region V 59.2 29.6 19.5

Region VI 35.6 17.8 11.7

Region VII 29.6 14.8 9.8

BOATINGa

DENSITY INSTANT TURNOVER - DAILY DESIGN X CONVERT ANNUAL
SUBGROUP CAPACITyb RATEc CAPACITyd I DAYSO FACTORf CAPACITY9

Urban .125 4.0 .5 NA

Non-urban .125 2.66 .33 NA

Narrative explanation campsite in both urban and non-urban adequate facilities). Both urban and
areas during the course of a given day non-urban conversion factors
Camping has been thought of in two is 4. (campsites/acre) were drawn from the
functional frameworks: camping that is e (days/year) There are certain times of camping information contained in
mainly devoted to experiencing a nat- B. 0. R., Outdoor Recreation Space
ural environment; and camping that the year when camping yields the Standards, pages 47-54.
provides many conveniences, such as greatest participation. Snow, cold,
electricity and hot water, accessibility rain, and other unfavorable conditions The following regional capacity stan-
to main highways/cities, and other limit the natural environment experi- dards were thus derived for camping
such amenities. The latter type of ence. Urban camping, which often in urban and non-urban areas of our
camping can, and does exist in and utilizes trailers or other shelter, might SCORP regions.
around urban areas; the former type, not be as adversely affected. In an ef-
by definition, would not be found in the fort to determine this, we informally
urban setting. Both types of camping surveyed regional recreational au-
occur in non-urban areas. Here, how- thorities to determine the season of
ever, the camping experience is less use in their particular region. Respon-
transient and, thus, would be ex- dents were asked to reply with: "At
pected to function in a "less dense" least 80% of camping participation in
setting than the urban experience. this region occurs between the con-
b (persons/campsite) See B.O.R., Out- tiguous period (date) and (date)." An-
door Recreation Space Standards, swers for each region were tabulated
1967, page 47. and averaged to determine effective
lengths of season for camping. Design
c (/ day) It was determined-that a camp- days were computed using the meth-
ing experience is almost always for at odology described earlier in the text.
least one full day (overnight). Whereas These design day figures appear in
most urban camping might be either the table below.
.1 en route" situations or short one- (campsite/acre) Although individual
nighters, non-urban campingis often a campsites in urban and non-urban
few days in duration. The numeratorfor areas have equal capacities, the ability
the turnover rate is 24 hours for both of an acre of camping land to accom-
urban and non-urban. The de- modate users is much greater in urban
moninator (average length of use) for
both is the maximum possible - 24 areas. The expectation of campers in
hours. non-urban areas is to have less contact
with people; the expectation in urban
d (person/site/day) The number of per- areas is basically to have a legal place
sons suitably accommodated by one to park and sleep overnight (with

SCORP CAMPING DESIGN DAYS ANNUAL CAPACITY STANDARDS
(days/year) (persons/acre/year)
Urban Non-urban

Region 1 46.8 2246 749

Region 11 47.0 2256 752

Region 111 55.4 2659 886

Region IV 50.9 2443 814

Region V 69.2 3322 1107

Region VI 44.0 2112 704

Region VI 1 29.6 1421 474

CAMPINGa

DENSITY INSTANT X TURNOVER - DAILY X DESIGN X CONVERT ANNUAL
SUBGROUP CAPACITyb RATEC CAPACITyd DAySe FACTORf CAPACITY9

Urban 4 1 4 12

Non-urban 4 1 4 4

Narrative explanation 1.75 acres. The non-urban instant ca- participation takes place. The re-
pacity represents 2 persons per boat; 1 sponses were averaged for each re-
aThe standards generated here apply boat per every 4 acres. gion as to determine an effective re-
to canoeing, and small craft sailing. gionalized length of season for the ac-
Like boating, the analysis measures c ( /day) The turnover rate numerators tivity. The design day methodology
the capacity of the water surface, and are different because sailing clubs in was then applied to arrive at the fig-
assumes that the demander owns or both urban and non-urban areas ures in the table below.
has access to equipment. The ca- thought that a peak-use available day
pacity of rental facilities, therefore is in Boston, for example, would be Not applicable.
not included as part of this analysis, but longer than that of an outlying region. The ability of a body of water to ac-
will be considered in future studies. In The numerators were calculated as 9 commodate canoes and sailboats dur-
addition, future studies will separate and 7 hours respectively. The de- ing a given year is reflected in the an-
the two activities of sailing and canoe- nominators (average duration of use nual capacity standards below. Urban
ing. Canoeing will be calculated for by one user) was determined to be and non-urban areas within the seven
miles of stream rather than acres of 1.25 hours for urban sailing/canoeing, SCORP regions each have their own
water. and 1.75 hours for non-urban sailing/ computed standards.
b (persons/acre water) The sailing pro- canoeing.
gram conducted each season on the d (persons/acre/day) Due to the nature
Charles River Basin in Boston is one of the activity, the result and daily ca-
that is thoroughly enjoyed by many. pacity for an urban body of water is
There are times when the river is liter- approximately three times that of a
ally dotted with the small craft of the non-urban facility.
Community Sailing, Inc. program.
From questioning authorities and (days/year) Like most other activities,
urban sailing enthusiasts, we have canoeing/sailing is affected by
found that sailing with several other climatological conditions. The design
boats around (but at safe distance day figures constitute the mechanism
intervals) does not greatly detract from that converts daily capacity for each
the enjoyment of the experience. In region into the all-important figures tel-
non-urban areas, on the other hand, ling us how many people can be annu-
an essential part of sailing is the tran- ally accommodated for canoeing/
quility and feeling of being in a rea- sailing in a particular region. Regional
sonably sylvan setting. Canoeing can design days were determined by sur-
be reasoned in a similar way. The veying recreational authorities as to
urban instant capacity represents 2 the contiguous period during the year
persons per boat; 1 boat per every when at least 80% of canoeing/sailing

SCORP CANOE/SAILING DESIGN DAYS ANNUAL CAPACITY STANDARDS
(days/year) ipersons/water acre/year)
Urban Non-urban

Region 1 35.6 292 72.2

Region 11 45.1 370 90.2

Region I 11 39.1 321 78.2

Region IV 46.3 380 92.6

Region V 54.9 450 109.8

Region VI 37.7 309 75.4
Region VII 29.6 243 59.2

CANOE ING/SAI LINGa

DENSITY INSTANT TURNOVER - DAILY DESIGN X CONVERT ANNUAL
SUBGROUP CAPACITyb x RATEc CAPACITyd ' DAYSe FACTORf CAPACITY9

Urban 1.14 7.2 8.2 NA

Non-urban .5 4.0 2.8 NA

Narrative explanation d(persons/-/ day) The daily capacities
a This applies to fresh water fishing only. for fishing reflect the varied abilities of
Fresh water fishing in the state occurs the different bodies of water to suitably
on standing water bodies (ponds, accommodate participants during
lakes, reservoirs), and on flowing peak-use days.
water (rivers and streams). Since the (days/year) Unlike many of the other
Massachusetts recreational supply in- activities that have seasons as long as
ventory is coded for both these types the favorable weather prevails, fresh
of water bodies (in acres and miles of water fishing is controlled by law. The
stream), our standards reflect this dis- basic fishing season in Massachusetts
tinction. The capacity standards also extends from "the Saturday before
took both standing fishing and the use Patriot's Day to the Sunday following
of small boats into consideration. the third Saturday in October" (approx-
B. 0. R. Outdoor Recreation Space imately April 18-October 22). The de-
Standards were used extensively as a sign day methodology was used and
source for these figures. the statewide figure of 66.1 days/yr.
b(persons/ ) Instant capacity stan- was attained.
dards that have been generated by Not applicable.
other states for the "ponds, lakes, res- 9 (persons/-/yr.) Due to the fact that
ervoir" category range between .125 design days were dictated by law,
and 1.5 persons/acre of water (see there was no regional variation in
B. 0. R. ORSS, pp. 29-30). Notice that standards. There was, however, a dis-
the ability of urban bodies of water to tinction made between urban and
accommodate fishermen without se- non-urban standards. These-are re-
riously impacting on the experience flected in the table on the previous
was judged to be at the upper limit of page.
those figures. Non-urban fishing,
however, seemed to be much more
sensitive to the amount of people in the
direct vicinity of a particular fisherman.
In computing capacity of linear miles
of stream fishing, these considerations
have also been made for the urban/
non-urban subgroups.
c( /day) The turnover rate de-
nominator (average duration of a fish-
ing experience) was determined to be
2 hours for urban areas and 3 hours for
non-urban areas. Thus, in a 12 hour
available day, the turnover rates were
6 for urban, and 4 for non-urban. (Divi-
sion of Wildlife and Fisheries of Mas-
sachusetts).

FISHINGa

DENSITY INSTANT X TURNOVER DAILY DESIGN X CONVERT ANNUAL
SUBGROUP CAPACITyb RATEC CAPACITyd X DAySe FACTORf CAPACITY9

URBAN:
Ponds, lakes, etc.
(acres) 1.5 6 9 66.1 NA 594.9

River, stream
(miles) 12 6 42 66.1 NA 4759.2

NON-URBAN:
Ponds, lakes, etc.
(acres) .25 4 1.0 66.1 NA 66.1

River, stream
(miles) 2 4 8 66.1 NA 528.8

Narrative explanation c /day) The turnover rate/course was persons/acre figures, we need to con-
a The activity of golf, for our planning calculated by using an equation 12 vert courses into acres (course/acre),
guideline purposes, constitutes par hours potential use day (7 a.m. - 7 To do this we used the equation:
ticipation on a regulation 9 or 18 hole. p.m.). The denominator used 2 hours # of holes
course with P.G.A. ratings of at least 32 length of a round of golf for a 9-hole minimum # of acres
and 67, respectively. Miniature golf round and 4 hours foran 18-hole round When the numerator is 18 holes, the
and chip-and-putt courses are not of golf. denominator is 120 acres. When the
covered by these standards due to d(person s/cou rse/day) It may seem numerator is 9 holes, the denominator
their much smaller scale. It should be surprising, at first, to see that a 9-hole is 60 acres. The resultant conversion
noted that there has been no urban/ course has as much daily capacity as factors are the same. (B. 0. R. ORSS,
non-urban distinction made for golf an 18-hole course. If we think for a April 1967, p. 20)
capacity standards. Although some moment about the nature of the sport, 11 (persons/acre/yr.) The regional ca-
golfers would prefer playing the game we begin to get a clearer understand- pacity standards for golf constitute the
by themselves, there are many more ing. Golf is not played by the hole; it is number of people that can be suitably
who thrive on playing within the tra- played by the round. The smallest accommodated annually on an acre of
ditional foursome. One does not nor- round that one usually plays is 9 holes, golf course land. The figures appear
mally venture out into the country to starting at hole #1 and finishing with below:
play golf in solitude; it would be done hole #9. Although 18-hole courses
more so to avoid preround waiting have twice as many holes, it takes
times. Therefore, the on-course ca- twice as long to play a round as it does
pacity standards for both urban and on a 9-hole course. Starting foursomes
non-urban areas do not vary. on the tenth tee and letting them play
(person s/cou rse) From inquiring at the "back nine" first does not expand
several golf courses, we found that the capacity, since these same golfers will
instant capacity/hole depends on the eventually want to play the "front nine"
par rating of the hole: par 3 holes can of the 18 hole course.
handle 1 foursome (4 persons) at a (days/yr.) The design days were ar-
time; par 4 = 2 foursomes (8 people); rived at by finding the effective length
par 5 = 3 foursomes (112 persons). of season for each region, then apply-
Since most games average out to par ing the design day methodology. The
4/hole, the instant capacity per hole regional design days were computed
was set at 8 persons. This was then and appear in the table on the follow-
multiplied by the number of holes on ing page.
the course to get the instant capacity/
course. (course/acre) In order to arrive at

SCORP GOLF DESIGN DAYS ANNUAL CAPACITY STANDARDS
(days/year) (persons/acre/year)
9 Hole 18 Hole

Region 1 63.2 4095 4095

Region 11 71.8 4653 4653

Region 111 67.2 4355 4355

Region IV 68.0 4406 4406

Region V 74.1 4802 4802

Region VI 44.0 2851 2851

Region VII 29.6 1918 1918

GOLFa

DENSITY INSTANT TURNOVER - DAILY DESIGN CONVERT ANNUAL
SUBGROUP CAPACITyb RATEC CAPACITyd DAyse X FACTORf CAPACITY9

9 Holes 72 6 432 .15

18 Holes 144 3 432 .1.5

Narrative explanation where it's being done. In urban areas it
a These capacity standards apply to is largely for exercise, scenic views of
developed walking, hiking, and climb- the city, and to get out of the confine-
ing trails throughout the Common- ment of one's apartment. In these
wealth of Massachusetts. Walking for cases, a stroll down some tree-lined
exercise, observation of wildlife and/or path along the river becomes desir-
plant material, or just plain enjoyment able. In non-urban areas, the empha-
of the outdoors - all constitute hiking sis of hiking seems to be on experienc-
experiences. ing the natural environment, and in
being somewhat alone in doing so. For
b (persons/mile) The nature of hiking in these reasons, a mile of hiking trail in
urban areas is distinctly different than an urban area can accommodate 400
that of non-urban, natural areas. In the persons daily without detracting from
former, participants expect either a the experience of an individual, while
casual walk or jog along a path that is the more sensitive non-urban trails can
possibly surrounded by interesting accommodate only 40 persons/day.
urban scenery (river, park, historical e(days/yr.) The effective lengths of sea-
trail, etc.). These users seldom expect son for hiking in each region were de-
solitude or complete tranquility from termined by those techniques dis-
the noise or population of the city. In cussed earlier in the section on design
non-urban areas, however, this Sol- days (see "Methodology-Design
itude is an essential ingredient of the Days"). The resultant design days are
hiking experience. This is the justifica- sted on the following page.
tion for such varied instant capacity
figures. Not applicable.
c( /day) The numerator of the turnover The regional capacity standards tell
rate was established as 8 hours of one how many people can be reason-
available use for both urban and non- ably accommodated annually on a mile
urban hiking days. The denominator of hiking trail in a particular region. The
(average length of use per mile of trail) regions are broken down by urban/
was determined to be approximately 1 non-urban areas so as to account for
hour for both density subgroups. density subgroup differences.
d (persons/mile/day) As mentioned ear-
lier, the intent of the hiking experience
is somewhat different, depending on

SCORP HIKING DESIGN DAYS ANNUAL CAPACITY STANDARDS
(days/year) (person/trail mile/year)
Urban Non-urban

Region 1 63.8 25,520 2,552
Region 11 68.0 27,200 2,720

Region 111 71.9 28,760 2,876
Region IV 64.2 25,680 2,568
Region V 74.1 29,640 2,964

Region VI 35.6 14,240 1,424

Region VII 29.6 11,840 1,184

HIKINGa

DENSITY INSTANT X TURNOVER - DAILY DESIGN X CONVERT ANNUAL
SUBGROUP CAPACITyb RATEc CAPACITyd I DAySe FACTORf CAPACITY9

Urban 50 8 400 NA

Non-urban 5 8 40 NA

Narrative explanation of a mile of bridle trail in an urban area hunting in general, we have tried as
The capacity guidelines generated is 120 persons/day; in a non-urban much as possible to consider all of
here for horseback riding represent area capacity is 30 persons/day. these key hunting activities. There is
the ability of a bridle trail mile to ac- e (days/yr.) The design day figures for no urban/non-urban distinction here
commodate a number of horses with horseback riding were computed because hunting capacities are based
riders. This analysis does not delve using the previously discussed tech- primarily on minimum areas of safe
into standards for horse rental niques (see "Methodology - Design hunting, rather than any personal pref-
facilities, however, turnover rates Days"). The region-by-region figures erences of hunters to get away from
developed here will be helpful in the appear in the table below. crowds.
future analysis of such facilities. Not applicable. (hunters/acre) The figures here repre-
b(persons/mile) Like hiking, the ability sent 8 acres of land for small game
of urban trails to accommodate horse- 9 (persons/mile/yr.) The regionalized hunting, 15 acres for big game, and 50
back riders without seriously affecting annual capacity standards for horse- acres of range for each trapper to be
the experience seems to be much back riding tell us how many horses suitably accommodated (B.O.R.,
greater than non-urban trails. Thisis and riders can be suitably accommo- ORSS. 1967, p. 57).
due mainly to the different expecta- dated by a mile of bridle trail in a par- ( /day) All turnover rates used 12
tions of the participant in the two areas, ticular region. hours as the numerator. For the de-
C ( /day) The .average horseback rid- Narrative explanation nominator, small game average length
of use was 2 hours, big game was 12
ing experience was found to be 1 hour Massachusetts has a wide range of hours, and trapping was 4 hours. (Di-
for urban participants, and 2 hours for hunting opportunities, from duck and vision of Wildlife and Fisheries).
participants in non-urban areas, A fig- goose hunting in the marsh lands to d
ure of 8 hours was used as the poten- small game tracking and deer hunting (hunters/acre/day) It takes about 1.5
tial use day. in the wooded parts of the state. In acres of land to accommodate one
d (persons/mile/day) the daily capacity developing capacity standards for small game hunter on a peak-use day.
In contrast, it takes about 15 acres for
accommodation of a big game hunter
SCORP HORSEBACK RIDING ANNUAL CAPACITY STANDARDS and 18 acres to accommodate a
DESIGN DAYS (persons/trail mile/year) trapper.
(days/year) Urban Non-urban e (days/yr.) The hunting season in the
Region 1 59.8 7,176 1,196 Commonwealth of Massachusetts is
controlled by law. The following sea-
Region 11 66.1 7,932 1,322 sons exist for the different types of
Region 111 56.5 6,780 1,130 hunting: small game - October 20 to
Region IV 69.1 8,292 1,382 November 20; big game - November
Region V 74.1 8,892 1,482 15 to November 20, December 6 to
December 11; trapping - September
Region VI 35.6 4,272 712 20 to December 31. With the aid of the
Region VII 29.6 3,552 592 Division of Wildlife and Fisheries, a
special method of design day calcula-

HORSEBACK RIDINGa

DENSITY INSTANT TURNOVER DAILY DESIGN CONVERT ANNUAL
SUBGROUP CAPACITyb RATEc CAPACITYd x DAyse X FACTORf CAPACITY9

Urban 15 8 120 NA

Non-urban 5 4 20. NA

HUNTINGa

DENSITY INSTANT TURNOVER DAI LY DESIGN CONVERT ANNUAL
SUBGROUP CAPACITyb I RATEC CAPACITyd DAYSe X FACTORf CAPACITY9

SmallGame .125 6 .75 17.4 NA 13.05

Big Game .066 1 .066 7.0 NA 0.46

Trapping .02 3 .06 34.8 NA 2.09

tion was derived so as to give special several aforementioned assumptions in an urban or non-urban area of a
consideration to the unique hunting dealing with urban/non-urban activity region during the course of a year.
season (i.e. the "opening day phe- intents. Although the actual number of
nomenon"). The number of peak-use people per table may not, in fact, differ
design days were, thus, determined. between the two density subgroups,
(see table). the number of tables/acre does vary.
We have chosen to show this density
Not applicable. variance in persons/table because of
(hunters/acre/yr.) The statewide ca- the fact that the inventory unit is tables
pacity standards for the three types of rather than acres of picnic land.
hunting signify the number of hunters
that can be safely and suitably ac- c ( /day) The length of the average
commodated on an acre of land in the picnic for urban and non-urban areas
course of any given year. These are was estimated at 4 and 6 hours, re-
presented in the table above. spectively. Dividing this length of use
into the length of the potential use day
Narrative explanation (6 hours) yields the respective turn-
over rates.
a Picnicking, of course, can take place
on land that was never specifically d (persons/table/day) Urban sites can
developed for that reason. Informal suitably accommodate 15 persons/
picnics at the beach, in state parks, day; non-urban sites can accommo-
alongside rivers and other such places date 10 persons/day.
constitute an important supply of rec- e (day s/yr.) The effective length of sea-
reational activity for residents of Mas- son for picnicking in each of the
sachusetts. The analysis here, how- SCORP regions was computed using
ever, applies to developed picnic the same surveying techniques as
areas only. The capacity standards employed with the earlier activities.
generated here can be used for sites The design day methodology was then
whose specific use is picnicking. applied to arrive at the figures in the
b (persons/table) The instant capacity table.
for a site is the number of people that Not applicable.
can be suitably accommodated at a
picnic table at one time, without de- 9 (persons/table/yr.) The regional ca-
tracting from the experience (B.O.R., pacity standards in the table below tel I
ORSS, p. 41). The higher capacity for us how many people may be reason-
urban areas is a judgement based on ably accommodated at a picnic table

SCORP PICNICKING DESIGN DAYS ANNUAL CAPACITY STANDARDS
(days/year) (persons/table/year)
Urban Non-urban

Region 1 40.2 603 398

Region 11 43.2 648 428

Region I 11 35.6 534 352
Region IV 43.2 648 428

Region V 46.3 695 458
Region VI 35.6 534 352

Region VII 29.6 444 293

PICNICKINGa

DENSITY INSTANT X TURNOVER DAILY DESIGN CONVERT ANNUAL
SUBGROUP CAPACITyb RATEc CAPACITyd DAYSe FACTORf CAPACITY9

Urban 6 1.5 is NA

Non-urban 5 1 10 NA

Narrative explanation b(persons/beachfront ft.) B.O.R., Out- hours and 3 hours, respectively.
The activity of swimming (other) in- door Recreation Space Standards, (persons/ft./day) The daily capacity
cludes outdoor fresh and salt water April 1967, p. 35. Note the distinction signified that, on a peak-use day, 1
swimming other than in pool facilities. for "beach, urban area" and "beach, linear foot of beach front can accom-
For this reason, the unit of measure- rural area". modate 6 persons in urban areas, and
ment is linear footage of beachfront c( /day) The numerator in the turnover 3 persons in non-urban.
(beachf ront ft.), rather than square rate calculation was 6 hours for both The table on the following page pres-
footage or acres of water (ocean urban and non-urban swimming. The ents the effective lengths of season for
swimming would confound the use of denominators for urban and non- swimming (other) in each of the
such a measurement). urban average beach use were 2 SCORP Regions.
Not applicable.
9 The amount of swimming (other) oc-
SCORP SWIMMING (OTHER) ANNUAL CAPACITY STANDARDS casions that can be suitably accom-
DESIGN DAYS (persons/beachfront ft./year) modated during a given year in a par-
(days/year) Urban Non-urban ticular region is presented in the table
Region 1 31.5 189 94.5 below:
Region 11 29.6 178 88.8 Narrative explanation
Region 111 29.6 178 88.8 aPool swimming includes the use of
Region IV 29.6 178 88.8 man-made or modified bodies of fresh
Region V 37.0 222 111.2 or salt water, no greater than 2 acres
Region VI 35.6 214 106.8 in water surface area. Although land
Region VI 1 29.6 178 88.8 surface areas are extremely impor-
tant, since almost 75% of the people

SWIMMING IOTHER)a

DENSITY INSTANT TURNOVER - DAILY DESIGN CONVERT ANNUAL
SUBGROUP CAPACITyb x RATEc CAPACITyd DAYSO FACTORf CAPACITY

Urban 2.0 3 6 NA

Non-urban 1.5 2 3 NA

using a swimming facility are out of the
SCORP SWIMMING (POOL) ANNUAL CAPACITY STANDARDS water at one time, it was determined
DESIGN DAYS (persons/sq. ft. water /year) that the amount of actual swimming
Urban Non-urban area available would be a good indi-
Region 1 31.5 1.89 1.25 cator of capacity.
Region 11 29.6 1.78 1.17 b(persons/sq. ft. water) This is equiva-
Region 111 26.7 1.60 1.05 lent to 50 squarejeet of surface water
area for each person in the water
Region IV 32.3 1.94 1.28 (B. 0. R., Outdoor Recreation Space
Region V 35.6 2.13 1.41 Standards, 1967).
Region VI 35.6 2.13 1.41 c( /day) The numerator for both urban
Region VII 29.6 1.78 1.17 and non-urban pool swimming was
set at 6 hours. The denominators (av-

SWIMMING (POOL)a

DENSITY INSTANT TURNOVER - DAILY DESIGN CONVERT ANNUAL
SUBGROUP CAPACITyb RATEc CAPACITyd DAySe FACTORf CAPACITY

Urban .02 3 .06 NA

Non-urban .02 2 .04 NA

erage duration of use) were 2 hours turnover rates for both urban and
and 3 hours, respectively. non-urban areas is 8 hours. The
d (persons/sq. ft./day) It takes approx- denominators (average duration of
imately 17 square feet of water sur- use) were 1 hour and 115 hours,
face to support occasions of swim- respectively.
ming per day in urban areas, and 25 d(persons/court/day) One tennis court
square feet to support 2 occasions in urban areas can suitably accom-
per day in non-urban areas. modate 32 persons daily. The same
e (days/yr.) The table below presents facility in non-urban areas can be ex-
the region-by-region design day fig- pected to handle no more than 23
ures for pool swimming. This effective persons on a peak-use day.
length of season data was gathered e(days/yr.) The tennis design day fig-
and computed using the design day ures appear in the table on the follow-
methodology discussed earlier. ing page. They represent the effective
Not applicable. lengths of season for tennis in each of
the seven SCORP Regions.
9 (persons/sq. ft. water/yr.) The re- Not applicable.
gionalized annual capacity standards
in the table below signify the amount 9(persons/courtlyr.) Regional annual
of persons that can be suitably ac- capacity standards for tennis repre-
commodated on a square foot of sent the number of occasions of ten-
water in each of the seven SCORP nis that can suitably be accommo-
Regions. dated by one court in a particular re-
gion. These figures appear in the
Narrative explanation table below.
Tennis capacity standards have been
generated using much of the literature
available, as well as surveying of au-
thorities that was mentioned earlier in
this document.

(persons/court) The capacity for one
court at any given point in time is 4
(playing doubles).
( /day) The numerator in calculating

SCORP TENNIS DESIGN DAYS ANNUAL CAPACITY STANDARDS
(days/year) (persons/court/year)
Urban Non-urban

Region 1 59.8 1,914 1 r375

Region 11 68.8 2,202 1,582

Region I 11 71.5 2,288 1,647

Region IV 68.0 2,176 1,567

Region V 71.4 2,371 1,707

Region VI 39.4 1,261 908

Region VII 29.6 947 682

TENNISa

DENSITY INSTANT X TURNOVER - DAILY DESIGN CONVERT ANNUAL
SUBGROUP CAPACITyb RATEC CAPACITyd DAYS8 FACTORf CAPACITY9

Urban 4 a 32 NA

Non-urban 4 5.75 23 NA

Section 5

Regional Planning Agency Survey

BERKSHIRE COUNTY REGIONAL The standards used by the Commission Basically it is organized by the type of
PLANNING COMMISSION to relate supply, demand and needs open space, with open space defined
were: as "land characterized by an absence
1 .10-15 acres of open space per of intensive urban development."
Goals and Objectives 1000 population in very dense and In 1967 the regional agency conducted
extremely dense areas. a rather intensive inventory survey and,
Among the goals, objectives and policy 2. 85 acres per 100.0 population in as conditions change, the survey is up-
recommendations of the Berkshire dense areas. dated. Among the types of recreational
County Regional Planning Commission 3. 287 acres per. 1000 population for facilities surveyed are the following:
with respect to open space and recrea- less dense areas. Swimming, boating and canoeing,
tion are: 4. 2987 acres per 1000 population for fishing and hunting, camping, winter
1 . To provide simple recreation oppor- "Open" areas. sports, hiking and pleasure driving. The
tunities close to where people live. Additional outdoor recreation and open region has prepared a rather lengthy
2. To encourage the development of space planning since the Commission's and comprehensive list of items to be
those outdoor recreation facilities last effort include: considered under "Evaluation of Open
needed to meet anticipated Space", and another under "Analysis
demands of residential growth and 1 .Agreement with a power company to of Recreational Activities". These lists
increased tourism. provide areas to supplement state may be obtained by contacting the
3. To preserve open spaces and improvement of State Parks.
natural areas in the path of urban 2. Review of recreation plans for Mt. Commission.
expansion. This may include small Greylock. A previous Massachusetts Statewide
parks with easy access interspersed 3. Assistance to communities with Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation
throughout suburban clevelopments. land-use and recreational plans. Plan contained data relative to recre-
4. To encourage preservation and 4. Assistance in reviewing environmen- ational supply, demand and need. The
enhancement of major scenic and tal impact statements. Recently CMPRC consider standards contained
historic sites. working on impact of use of insec- in the plan a reasonable guideline for
5. To improve wildlife resources. ticides in state parks. their predictions.
6. To develop regional resources The CMPRC's action plan is basically
designed to increase recreation, site specific and involves a descriptive
vacationing and tourism. CENTRAL MASSACHUSETTS testing of sites which have been pro-
REGIONAL PLANNING posed for first priority acquisition. Long
Plan Status COMMISSION range plans for implementing the action
The Berkshire County Regional Plan- program include a program of mapping
ning Commission has been considering lands which have been designated as
open space and outdoor recreation for first, second and third priority lands.
the past several years. A draft prepared Goals and Objectives Priority lands are described in the fol-
in 1971 and designed for internal pur- The Central Massachusetts Regional lowing manner:
poses provides a base for on-going Planning Commission considers its 1 st priority
planning. goals, objectives and policy recom- Open space of highest value - land in
An up-to-date open space outdoor rec- mendations for recreation and open existing public or semi-public
reation plan is scheduled for completion space as follows: ownership. Including major orchard
in 1978 and will be based in part on a 1 .To prevent premature and needless areas, mountain ridges, areas of tallest
Regional Land Use Plan, a Water Qual- destruction of resources. best stocked trees, outstanding scenic
ity Plan and a Transportation Plan; all of 2. To achieve an ecologically related, 'quality, highest values wetlands, water
which it is anticipated will be completed socially, economically vibrant, politi- bodies with recreational potential.
by mid-1977. cally responsive and well-directed 2nd priority
The Commission has prepared an in- env .ironment for all people in the Substantial Value - should remain
ventory of public recreation areas and region. permanently open but may have limited
private recreation areas. Additionally, Plan Status development of low intensity, non-urban
the inventory indicates the number of The Central Massachusetts Regional uses.
acres according to owner (private, Planning Commission completed a 3rd priority
municipal, state, federal, etc.) and by Regional Open Space and Recreation Limited value to the region - land
density group (dense, less dense, Plan in April, 1972. This plan which was which may be eventually, urbanized but
open). Among the recreation resources incorporated into the regional spatial which should be kept free until more
surveyed were land resources, water policy, is fairly current and no full scale suitable areas have been utilized.
resources such as ponds, rivers, f ishing updating is contemplated in the near
and water quality, picknicking facilities, future. The implementation plan also calls for
swimming, camping, boating and the development of a short range finan-
potential recreation sites containing The regional inventory includes both cial and administrative program and a
50 acres or more. public and private recreation areas. long range plan for land acquisition,

protection, and development, an within the county. Recreational facilities are divided into
analysis of standards and criteria for 4. Give highest functional priority to four categories; Playgrounds and Ball-
local open space plans to supplement water based recreation. fields with Public Access; Other Devel-
the regional plan, and a preservation 5. Give pri 'ority to actions leading to oped Recreation Areas for Public Use;
program covering methods of open development of tourism in areas of Reserved Open Space with Public Ac-
space preservation and the allocation of greatest tax strain, areas of least cess; Reserved Open Space with Re-
future responsibilities among agencies. growth, greatest job deficiency stricted Access. For each of these four
The action plan considers a ten year and least conflict with agricultural categories there is a listing according to
time frame. industry. town, major recreational facilities, con-
6. Coordination with DEM. The county trolling agencies, and total acreage.
wishes to review DEM applications The listing of recreational facilities in-
FRANKLIN COUNTY REGIONAL for funding within county to cut down cludes:
PLANNING COMMISSION on conflicts. Playgrounds and Ballfields with Public
7. County should make effort to provide Access: ball fields, playgrounds.
technical assistance to municipali-
ties on regulation of land for open Other Development Recreation Areas
Goals and Objectives space purposes and locally-spon- for Public Use: swimming facilities/
sored acquisition and development. beaches; picnicking; youth camps,
Among its goals and objectives for open 8. Study development possibilities of scout camps and health camps;
space and recreation, Franklin County new leisure communities. boating/marinas; golf; camping; fair-
considers the following: grounds; skiing; fishing; basketball; sail-
1 .To make provision for servicing local Plan Status ing; ice skating, coasting, play and
residents' recreation facility needs The Franklin County Regional Planning sports areas, parachuting, tennis, gym
- including special needs of low- Commission uses a draft report, "Open sports, Reserved Open Space wIPublic
income and minority groups and Space and Recreation" prepared by Access: fishing; hunting; snow shoeing;
those with little mobility. Philip B. Herr and Associates in March skiing; snowmobiling; conservation
2. To respond to service requirements 1971. This report still appears to be area; wildlife sanctuary; picnicking;
of a border region. serving reasonably well and at the mo- boating; viewing; guard dog field trails;
3. To protect the natural environment ment there are no firm plans for a major tennis; archery; nature study; forestry
and historical heritage updating. This document was issued as practice; horseback riding; fish propa-
(a) Prevent/remedy water pollution a separate report but is considered part gation; look out tower; Reserved Open
(b) Reduce flooding losses and of the comprehensive regional plan for Space wlRestricted Access: water and
control erosion citing particular Franklin County. - power supply.
rivers Standards used by the Franklin County
(c) Preserve wildlife habitats Funding by HUD 701 was the base Regional Planning Commission include
(d) Preserve instructive examples money for the plan although certain those given in the Edwards and Kelcey
(geological, archaeological, other recreational projects and county report. Massachusetts Outdoor Recrea-
paleontological) (regional) taxation money played a part. tion Plan, 1966:
(e) Preserve historic sites and arti- As implementation of proposed proj- 1. Swimming 1.5 linear ft/person
facts. ects surfaces, the Bureau of Outdoor
(f) Translate these concerns into Recreation becomes a hopeful source 140 persons/acre
action. for funding. 2. Picnicking 20 persons/acre
4. To capitalize on leisure orientation as 3. Boating 10 persons/acre
a potential basic industry. Suggests Inventory information in the plan in- 90 persons/land acre
development of leisure and retire- cludes public recreation areas, private 4. Camping 20 persons/acre
ment homes and camping facilities. recreation areas and semi-public rec- 5. Ice Skating 400 persons/acre
5. To accomplish these goals in a way reation areas. The inventory data is or- Other standards applied by the Com-
that is supportive of other county ganized by the various towns within the mission include:
goals. County, by the site within the town and 1 .Outdoor play areas -within a 1/2
by the "region" within the RPA. The mile of people to be served.
The Planning Commission's policy rec- Commission used the Department of 2. Parks/Playgrounds/Ballfields - at
ommendations have been cited as: Environmental Management's survey of least 3 acres to contain a home run.
1 .Emphasize public investments in reserved open space area and recre- 3. Fully developed medium density
development rather than acquisition. ational facilities as a basis for the inven- areas - 11/2 acres/1000 residents.
Release acreage within state lands tory and since have added to and re- 4. Areas developed at 2 families/acre
for private development and taxation vised the data with additional informa- - within 1/2 mile of playground
to offset any additional acquisitions. tion collected by the Franklin County 5. Public open space - 5 acres/1000
2. Rely on private development as Planning Department, DEM Service residents within a short drive.
much as possible; use regulation Forester, Department of Fisheries and
easements rather than ownership. Games, Trustees of Reservations and The Commission maintains that acquisi-
3. Give priority to actions leading to the Connecticut River Watershed Asso- tion of extensive open space is most
development of second homes ciation. damaging in towns characterized by

either tax problems or a planned rate of is developing the park so as not to inter- 4. To determine accessible locations
growth or where larger public land hold- fere with the quality of the soil. Picnic for regional open space and outdoor
ings already exist. The Commission also tables, fire/barbeque pits, and a recreation, served by adequate pub-
maintains that vacation /tourist industry baseball field have been built. Plans lic transportation, and a comprehen-
development best serves county goals have been made for group picnic sive, integrated system of linking
when it is located in towns having the facilities and small playground. trails.
greatest tax strain, the least growth and S. To promote the preservation of his-
the greatest job deficiency and where toric, scenic and natural amenities in
there is the least conflict with agricul- the region, and their effective use as
tural uses. LOWER PIONEER VALLEY cultural and recreational assets.
REGIONAL PLANNING
The Franklin County Regional Planning COMMISSION Plan Status
Commission action plan is both site
specific and general. The Commission The Lower Pioneer Valley Regional
believes that present acquisition and Planning Commission prepared a com-
development proposals made by the Goals and Objectives prehensive Outdoor Recreation and
state, the county, and the municipalities Among the goals and objectives of the Open Space Plan in 1970. The plan is
should be studied further before adop- Lower Pioneer Valley Regional Planning considered a part of the comprehensive
tion or implementation. Commission with respect to open space regional plan - but in itself is a separate
The Regional Planning Agency has and recreation are the following: entity. Updated data is recorded, but
worked within the context of earlier and there are no current plans for a com-
concurrent recreation/open space 1 -To provide abundant open space plete rewrite.
studies. These include: reports issued and outdoor recreation in pleasant The funding base was HUD 701. State
by Connecticut River Basin Coordinat- safe and healthy surroundings for all Regional Planning Assistance grants
ing Committee, the Corps of Engineers; regional residents. administered by the Department of
plan for the Connecticut -Valley, and a 2. To acquire, develop and administer Community Development augmented
critique of the Corps of Engineers plan lafid for open space and outdoor by contributions from member munic-
by a Citizens Review Committee; BOR recreation, using adequate and re- ipalities of the Regional Planning
recommendations for the Connecticut gionally acceptable standards. Agency also played a part.
Valley, New England Heritage, 1966 3. To locate open space and outdoor
DNR SCORP, 1970 Berkshire-Franklin recreational facilities in areas ac- The Commission's inventory information
Resource Conservation and Develop- cessible to the region's population includes data on public recreation
ment Project, 1970 Franklin County centers with public transportation areas (some 78% of the available open
Goals and Objectives, 1970 Land-Use, services as required. space), as well as private recreation
Circulation and Utilities Plan. 4. To fully use municipal water supply areas. Additionally, they considered
areas for recreation consistent with quasi-public open space such as areas
Since the original.open space and out- public health standards. administered by community centers,
door recreation plan the agency has 5. To rigorously enforce established scouts, private conservation groups,
been doing a special study on the water pollution controls. local universities, associations for the
River-Trails System in the County which 6. To open rivers, water bodies and handicapped, etc. The inventory is
has been basically designed but not wetlands for recreation. organized into the public/private/
costed or funded. It is currently in draft 7. To fully preserve the region's scenic, quasi-public sectors.
form. There are many old ferry roads and natural amenities, along with The regional inventory is organized by
along and to the Connecticut and their development as a major social the type of recreation facility and by the
Deerfield rivers which are public right- resource. following sub-areas:
of-ways. Some of the adjacent land The Lower Pioneer Valley Regional
is owned by the county and some is Planning Commission policies are: Central Urban
privately owned. The Commission East Suburban
wants to use this area as a canoe/boat 1 .To develop effective and acceptable West Suburban Total Suburban
launch area and put in facilities such standards of open space and recre- Satellite Cities Total Region
as picnicking. ational needs for all sectors of the East Rural
The degree of difficulty of developing population. Northwest Rural Total Rural
the area has been ascertained, sites 2. To help develop and support effec- Southwest Rura@ll
have been located on a map, and many tive mechanisms for coordinating
of the adjacent land-owners have been the administrative actions and fund- To obtain pertinent data the region con-
identified. Possibly BOR funding may ing programs of federal, state, sulted many sources. Data was com-
be obtained for the project. municipal, and private organizations piled from records of owner, by inter-
dealing with open space and related views, and through field observation.
The Commission is currently develop- programs. Much of the inventory was an updating
ing Sugarloaf County Park which con- 3. To develop equitable formulas for of previous surveys by the University of
sists of 30 acres of class 1 farm land distributing open space costs and Massachusetts, Department of Agricul-
below Sugarloaf mountain. The county responsibilities. ture and Food Economics for the private

sector, and surveys of the public sector Massachusetts Tourist Route System The Commission has been involved in
by the U.S. Soil Conservation Service Historic & Cultural Sites - several planning activities related to
and the inventory of the Massachusetts Both mapping endeavors identify rec- Open Space and Outdoor Recreation
Department of Environmental Man- reation uses within the designated since the last effort. For example, A
agement for the state and nationwide areas (swimming, fishing, boating, pic- Future for the Past, their most recent publi-
plans. Data was compiled for each rec- nicking, skiing, hunting, camping, cation, encourages the municipalities to
reation.area on an inventory sheet. horseback riding). use historic preservation techniques as
A rather full grouping of possible recre- a means of broadening their open
ational facilities was surveyed. The main The inventory information is retrievable, space options. The Commission's
i.e. index cards by owner, by recreation multi-model transportat ion- related pro-
recreational facilities surveyed included
swimming, fishing, picnicking, boating, activity, and by resource classification. gram includes "analysis and studies of
hunting, bicycling, camping (tent and The Commission has capitalized upon the needs and impacts of bike paths,
trailers), competitive outdoor sports, available relevant material in relating to scenic routes and roads, rest areas/
water skiing, ice skating, sleddin.9 and standards used with respect to information centers, pedestrian and hik-
horseback riding. Also surveyed were supply/demand/needs. Mentioned as ing paths and facilities, fringe area park-
attendance at outdoor sports and con- sources were the 1966 Massachusetts ing facilities, and other types of needs
certs, pleasure driving, walking, sight- Outdoor Recreation and Open Space related to the environment and transpor-
seeing, golf, summer camps, fair- Inventory and Outdoor Recreation tation system for the LPVRPD."
grounds and amusement parks. Space Standards issued by the Bureau Additionally, the Commission's "Land
Inventory information which was of Outdoor Recreation in the Depart- Use" item in this year's "Overall Pro-
mapped in 1966 is identified by the titles ment of Interior. Additional recom- gram Design" is geared to the estab-
"Environmpnt Classification" and "Out- mendations by the National Recreation lishment of land use development con-
door Recreation Areas." Mapped and Park Association were cited - i.e. trols with reference to environmentally
categories (scale: 1 inch = 12,000 feet) Neighborhood Recreational Parks, 2.5 critical areas. The designation of these
in the "Environment Classification" are: acres/1000 population; District Recre- critical areas will directly affect their
ational Parks, 2.5 acres/ 1000 open space policies.
Natural Environment - Little develop- population; Local Urban Parks,
ment, suitable only for low-density rec- 5.0/1000 population.
reation, often in combination with other The Commission searched for reputa- MONTACHUSETTS REGIONAL
uses. ble sources of surveys and preference PLANNING COMMISSION
General Outdoor - medium density statements to be used in determining
development for a wide variety of uses. demand. Among these sources were:
High Density - intensive development 1 . The BOR estimate that by year 2000
managed for mass use. participation in major forms of sum- Goals and Objectives
Unique Natural - outstanding scenic mer time outdoor recreation will be 4 The Montachusetts Regional Planning
splendor, natural wonder, or scientific times greater than in 1960. Commission is striving toward the fol-
importance. 2. Attendance records which indicate lowing goals and objectives related to
Historic & Cultural Sites - sites of major recreational use increasing by 10% recreation and open space.
local or national significance. peryear. 1 . To integrate the plan with other
Mapped categories (scale: 1 inch 3. Massachusetts SCORP demand MRPC studies and municipal master
6,000 feet) in the "Outdoor Recreation projections with necessary ad- plans.
Areas" are: justments. 2. To support the Nashua River
Massachusetts Division of Forests and 4. Demand estimates based on popu- Watershed Association and the Mil-
Parks lation projections (U.S. Census) ler's River Watershed Council and to
Massachusetts Division of Fisheries which indicate increasingly high integrate the Commission's efforts
and Game levels of education, income, mobility with their work.
Trustees of Reservations and urbanization. 3. To conserve the Region's agricul-
Mt. Tom State Reservation 5. Population projections and distribu- tural/activities.
University of Massachusetts tion by William Smith, Springfield 4. To serve as an environmental-infor-
Massachusetts Audubon Society Urbanized Area Comprehensive mation clearing house for the region.
Quasi-Public Areas Transportation Study (9/69, Vol. 111) 5. To provide commission review of
Municipal Parks, Forests and Conserva- 6. Chilton Research Services Com- MEPA environmental impact
tion Lands pany report on The Economic referrals.
U.S. Corps of Engineers Flood Control Impact of Recreation -Tourism in the 6. To encourage, support and assist
Reservoirs Connecticut River Basin. efforts by communities to protect
Water Supply Reservoirs The action plan is site specific as well as environmentally sensitive areas.
Great Ponds general and the Commission states it 7. To protect wetlands, steep hillsides,
Private Recreation Areas, Members intends to spare no effort to carry this aquifers, flood plains and water
only program through to completion by supply.
Private Recreation Areas, open to using its administrative mechanisms 8. To coordinate regional open space
public and educational methods. proposals with the open space plans

of surrounding regions. River Watershed Association, policy levels of government the use of new
statements prepared by the Miller's methods and the enactment of new
Plan Status River Watershed Council, as well as legislation for this purpose.
other regional and state'plans related to 10. To achieve a comprehensive open
The Montachusetts Regional Planning open space and outdoor recreation and space system which meets the
Commission has prepared a Conserva- growth policy. needs and objectives of the towns,
tion and Open Space Plan and has an the region, the state, and the adja-
in-house version of an inventory and cent New Hampshire towns.
analysis for recreation and open space. NORTHERN MIDDLESEX through the cooperation of public
Pertinent information is updated as part AREA COMMISSION and private agencies and indi-
of an on-going process. At the present vidual citizens.
time there is no firm date set for the Plan Status
presentation of this material in the form
of a Comprehensive Plan. The primary Goals and Objectives In 1970 the NMAC prepared an Open
source of funding to date has been the Space and Recreation Plan and in 1972
HUD 701 program. The Northern Middlesex Area Commis- completed a second phase report,
sion cites the following among its goals, "Recreation Core Study". A "Report to
Inventory information includes both objectives and policy recommenda- the Governor's Task Force" was pre-
public and private recreation areas and tions with respect to open space and pared in 1974. Funding for these reports
is organized on a town basis. State recreation: was provided by the Federal Depart-
lands'Were surveyed or inventoried in ment of Housing and Urban Develop-
1973, municipal lands and public and 1 .To establish a balance among natu-
private recreation areas in 1974. ral processes through proper de- ment.
sign and location of open space The Open Space and Recreation Plan
One of the Commission's on-going facilities, considering the ecologi- makes reference to some Municipal
activities is maintenance of a map and cal roles of wetlands and forests Master Plans, such as the Dracut Mas-
overlay project on which certain avail- and woodlands. ter Plan report "Recreational Facilities"
able and relevant data are plotted. This 2. To provide recreational opportuni- prepared by Community Planning Ser-
material may be viewed in the Commis- ties for a wide range of leisure time vices in 1966 and the "Project Plan for
sion office. Mapped conservation and experiences in convenient loca- Proposed Nashua Reservoir". The 1974
open space elements include rivers and tions. report, which focuses on the Urban Cul-
streams, flood plains, wetlands, aquifer 3. To utilize recreation and open tural Park, relies heavily on the 1972
areas, well fields, surface reservoirs, space land as breaks in urban den- Eastern Massachusetts Supplement
sanitary land fills, sewerage treatment sity and to help establish an orderly Plan for analyzing recreation supply
plants, steep slopes, dirt roads, utility and rational pattern for future urban and demand.
lines, camping areas, state forests, development.
town lands, sanctuary lands, forest 4. To maximize the contribution to the The inventory base used was prepared
management lands, prime agricultural overall pattern of open space while by the Northern Middlesex Area Com-
land, including orchards, trail systems, minimizing public expenditures by mission VI in 1969 and appears in Rec-
proposed open space sites and recrea- encouraging retention and expan- reation and Open Space, Vol. 1, "Inven-
tion areas. sion of private and semi-public rec- tory". It includes rather small and non-
The action plan, which is not yet fully reation and open space use. detailed maps showing existing and
developed, is based in part on the 5. To derivethe maximum benefit from proposed conservation land and recre-
Commission's analysis and identifica- the open space system through ation areas, institutional lands, and
tion of sensitive areas. This information concepts of multi-purpose uses of semi-public and private lands for each
on sensitive areas, as well as that ob- open and recreation areas while town in the region. A water management
tained through past and current con- keeping the primary purpose of study survey undertaken with 208 funds
servation and open s pace- recreation these areas in mind. will include an updated version of the
planning efforts is used in conducting 6. To protect and enhance natural recreatidnal land use inventory. The ex-
pected completion date of this inventory
A-95 and MEPA reviews and in 208 scenic resources and historic fea-
planning. The Commission feels that tures. is the spring of 1976.
open space should serve to protect 7. To provide for continuity in the open Site specific considerations of the
natural drainage patterns and water space system. NMAC Action Plan concern the Recre-
supply. 8. To expand public awareness in ation Core Plan, which focuses on the
Other planning activity related to open environmental matters, stimulate Northern Middlesex Canal Quarter
space and recreation undertaken by the involvement and participation in which is planned to extend from
Commission includes the review of vari- leisure time activities and increase Billerica and Chelmsford through the
ous plans and policy statements. educational programs and informa- city of Lowell and be used for biking and
tion services. hiking etc., and the Urban Cultural Park.
Included among the reviewed docu- 9. To expedite as quickly as possible A larger portion of the Action Plan con-
ments are Municipal Master Plans, the public control of the open space sists of recommendations to all towns in
Greenway proposal and the plan for the system at a minimum public the RPA to help achieve a regional
Nashua River prepared by the Nashua expense and to encourage at all framework of open space facilities that

will require regional cooperation and is in the process of being updated. development on areas best suited
serve regional needs. The Action Plan Sources of information for the inventory for open space and recreation pur-
also gives for each town in the RPA a include Municipal Master Plans and poses.
general summary of present and poten- Open Space studies, the 1970 DNR 8. To take into account special needs
tial needs and future actions. SCORP, studies prepared by the New and problems inherent in open
The "Action Plan" still requires funding England River Basins Commission and space planning for densely settled
from such sources as HUD or BOR, the Army Corps of Engineers, as well as urban areas.
although the region has established telephone conversations concerning 9. To incorporate historical areas into
priorities to help in determining the most recent data. recreation and open space.
order in which available land should be Standards used by the Commission to Among the policies for the Coastal
acquired. Emphasis is directed to the relate recreational supply, demand and Areas are:
Urban Cultural Park. need are given in terms of specific sizes 1 .The coastline should be used for
The Commission is currently participat- and facilities appropriate to different open space, recreation, research
ing in a Water Management Study, types of recreation centers and area and aesthetic purposes only.
using 208 funds. A bikeway study and parks, based on the population to be 2. Access to the coast must be recog-
report is also underway. served. nized as "natural heritage of every
In addition to updating the Land Use citizen".
map, recreation and open space activi- 3. There should be alternative modes
MERRIMACK VALLEY ties planned by the Commission include of access to public areas along the
PLANNING COMMISSION assisting -communities in implementing coast.
recreation plans specified in the re- 4. Waterfront districts should be estab-
gional plan, helping with the provision of lished as part of local zoning and
state parks and recreation facilities and subdivision ordinances.
Goals and Objectives providing for the protection of north 5. Features along the coast which
Included among the Merrimack Valley shore beaches. symbolize region's historic and cul-
Planning Commission goals and objec- tural relationship to area must be
tives related to open space and recre- made available for public education
ation are: and enjoyment.
METROPOLITAN AREA
1. To conserve natural features and PLANNING COUNCIL Additional policy matters effecting im-
points of interest. plementation include:
2. To shape the urban development.
3. To use open space to meet the need Education and Interpretation
for recreation. Goals and Objectives and Policies
Among the goals and objectives of the Public education and interpretation
Plan Status programs that expose people to the
The Merrimack Valley Planning Com- MAPC open space plan are: natural history of the region as well as
mission prepared in 1970 an Open 1 . To alleviate discrepancies between the recreational opportunities available
Space Study as part of their Com- distribution of regions population to them, should be encouraged. This
prehensive Plan and in 1973 completed and open space/ recreation oppor- policy alsoextends toencouraging Pub-
an "Outdoor Recreation Study -A Pre- tunities. lic volunteer efforts to maintain and
2. To satisfy active and passive recrea- restore public open spaces.
liminary Determination of Recreation tion needs of present and future res-
Need". The HUD 701 program provided idents. Maximum Use
the principal sources of funding. In July 3. To help coordinate open space
1975 the Commission completed a decisions of local, regional, state Where there is a scarcity of public open
"Preliminary Bikeway Planning Report" federal agencies responsible for im- space, more extensive use of existing
funded by the Federal Highway Admin- plementation. public open space should be consid-
istration and the Urban Mass Transpor- ered. This may involve night use (light-
tation Administration. 4. To develop plans which complement ing) of some facilities and more on-site
diversity of landscape in the MAPC supervision.
Inventory data was updated by the region.
Commission in 1975. The information is 5. To include redevelopment proposals Access
organized by town and by type of recre- for landscapes defaced by the
ation, open space land and facility. In- effects of careless development. Regional open space/ recreation areas
ventoried data include Reservation and 6. To propose guidelines for use of sig- should be more accessible by various
Conservation lands, playgrounds, nif icant water bodies, watershed forms of mass transportation, i.e., rail
playfields, parks, cemeteries, water- and natural drainage areas, rapid transit, suburban rail, regularly
shed areas, boating and fishing areas, shoreline wildlife resources and scheduled buses and chartered buses.
skiing and/or skating areas, and golf other ecologically sensitive ele- The use of the bicycle as an alternative
courses. The inventory information is on ments. mode of travel to recreation areas
maps and the 1972 base Land Use map 7. To provide mechanisms to preclude should be encouraged with proper

planning and facilities. Access to reser- Private, Charitable and Religious standards of excellence and physical
vations should be limited to controlled Holdings attractiveness.
points from the major road system. Existing private open space which can
be classified as a recreationally or Watershed Associations
Acquisition ecologically critical area should be The establishment and further devel-
Fee simple acquisition and conserva- included as part of the regional open opment of private watershed associ-
tion restrictions should be the basic space plan. If and when resale or reuse ations with participation of public agen-
methods utilized to implement the pro- of these areas will result in a non-open cies should be encouraged within each
posals set forth in the report. space and recreation use, owners of watershed of the region. The associ-
these properties should consider the ations should work with local, state and
Wetlands use of conservation restrictions and/or federal agencies on all matters affecting
planned unit development zoning in an water resources in their watershed.
Those areas defined in state laws and attempt to maintain the general charac- Also, they should strive to inform and
regulations as inland wetlands and ter of the area. educate the general public concerning
coastal wetlands should be publicly water resources.
regulated through orders of zoning and Gardening
where necessary, acquired either in fee The whole watershed is the natural and
or under a conservation restriction. Activities such as gardening should be logical unit for management of water
encouraged by all local and regional resources. Water removed from and
Maximization of Potential groups as a means of educating the returned to a river or stream should
citizenry about natural processes, and be monitored and controlled by one
Areas such as power line rights of way, as a form of recreation that can be en- organization or cooperative group of
large commercial and public parking joyed by many people for minimal costs. municipalities.
lots, ski slopes, watershed lands and
water supply areas should be consid- Historic Areas Dump Sites
ered for recreation use.
Historic buildings and locations All dump and sanitary landfills presently
Multiple Use and Water Supply throughout the region should be pro- abutting riverfront and wetland areas
tected and i nteg rated with the regional should be closed as soon as alternative
The multiple use of all existing public open space plan. The formation of local sites can be found; and no new devel-
open spaces related to water supply historic districts under general laws opments of this nature should be
areas should be encouraged wherever Chapter 40C should be encouraged allowed on soils associated with a
possible. by all government agencies. Also, the river's 100 year floodplain.
In the short term, multiple use of water efforts of the Massachusetts Historic
supply areas should be considered only Commission should be supported by all Pollution
for the land surrounding the water area. local historic groups. Considering that many of the most pol-
If, in the future, water supply areas are luted rivers and ponds are those directly
fully treated and it can be shown that Rehabilitation
adjacent to the greatest number of po-
water quality will not be adversely im- In an effort to enhance the urban physi- tential recreation users, it is imperative
pacted, water contact recreation should cal environment, the MAPC supports that pollution problems be eliminated. It
be considered. In all cases, where urban design techniques such as sign is essential, in most instances, to raise
watershed or water resource areas are laws, architectural review boards, off- and maintain the standard of quality of
used for recreation purposes they street parking and restrictions on out- the region's water to a general B level of
should be supervised by local or state door advertising. classification. This standard means that
agencies. the water is suitable for bathing and
Dense Urban Areas Pollution Abatement other water contact sports; acceptable
Because of the level of population den- In order to meet increasing recreation for public water supply with appropriate
sity and the accompanying lack of open needs, a program to reduce pollution in treatment; suitable for agricultural and
space land, the special needs of inland and coastal waters must be certain industrial cooling and process
densely settled urban areas should be developed. Additional protection mea- uses; usable as an excellent fish and
emphasized. Rehabilitation of existing sures are necessary along river banks, wildlife habitat; and contributes aes-
urban parks and playgrounds must be coastal marshes and harbor fronts. thetic value. It should also be stressed
seen as important parts of the regional that where A quality water exists, 'it
open space system. In conjunction with should be the policies of all agencies
this policy, special attention should also Maintenance and groups to maintain this level of
be given to those suburban areas under Strong and effective maintenance pro- water quality.
strong development pressure; so that grams should be developed at the local,
the mismanagement of open space/ state and regional levels. The regional Wetiand Zoning
recreation areas which has occurred in open space/ recreation plan must have Coordinated efforts by the conservation
the urban areas will not be repeated in appropriate funding from state and commissions and the planning boards
the suburbs. local agencies to allow it to maintain should be initiated on a'formal basis in

every community to develop local wet- Capacity for Use partment of Natural Resources and cur-
land policies. The major goal of these The designed capacity of a reservation rently the Massachusetts Department of
efforts should be strict wetland zoning for active and passive recreation sho Id Environmental Management have, over
amendments for each community in the u the past three years been a member of
region where they would apply. be consistent with the ability of the area and have provided appropriate con-
to withstand use without significantly tributions to the Technical Advisory
Filling and Dredging altering its natural characteristics. Committee associated with the soon-
to-be published Open Space and Rec-
The filling and/or dredging of any wet- Activities reation Plan and Program for Metropoli-
land should not be allowed unless it can Reservations should provide a range of tan Boston.
be determined by all levels of govern- those recreational activities that are not
ment that the action is necessary for the usually available in the urban and sub- It is generally considered the MAPC is
public's health, safety and welfare. urban parks and open spaces, such as a leader in Open Space and Outdoor
horseback riding, hiking, picnicking Recreation Planning. Currently, the
Development Council is in the final phase of an
Alterations to wetlands should be and contemplative areas. expanded River Systems Study. New
volumes are being prepared for the
designed and monitored so to insure Intensity of Use Ipswich River System, the North and
that it will not have adverse ecological Reservations should be developed to South Rivers Systems, and the Sudbury,
impacts on the inland wetland in ques- accommodate varying intensities of Assabet and Concord Rivers System.
tion. This policy includes the monitoring
of run-off and pesticide damage. use. Selected areas on the periphery of The inventory information contains data
the reservations (and not in the center) appropriate to both public and private
Policies for Reservations should be designed to serve large recreation areas although it does not
numbers of people involved in active or include the lesser significant and
The following policy guidelines are in- intensive use recreation, so as to insure smaller playground or school areas that
tended to apply to all government that the total impact of the reservation serve exclusively local recreation
agencies and private organizations in- remains distinctly rural or natural. needs.
volved in the preservation and expan- An appendix denotes state parks, state
sion of reservations. Local Impact forests, Metropolitan District Commis-
Large Areas The impacts (environmental, social, sion land, National Parks, Department
economic, traffic) due to the creation of of Interior land as well as private
The areas considered for reservations, a reservation in any town should be ownerships.
except in heavily urbanized areas, analyzed before the opening of any new
should be large enough to completely reservation. Also, any action necessary The current Open Space plan provides
insulate the users from the sights, to alleviate any legitimate local problem, an extensive listing or inventory of sites,
scenes and sounds of development, such as traff ic flow and parking, should indicating acreage in the respective
and to guarantee a predominately natu- be completed before the reservation is s.ites.
ral character within their bounds. In opened for public use. The soon-to-be published plan will be
some instances, these areas should be complete with maps. Prior plans in-
used for active and passive recreation Plan Status cluded existing and proposed ex-
pursuits, but in cases where the area in The Metropolitan Area Planning Council pressways and other transit modes, as
question is environmentally sensitive, is the largest RPA, covering 101 cities well as intensive and moderate use
such as a water supply area, wildlife and towns with metropolitan Boston as areas, natural features and historic
refuge or wetland, recreation use the core, is in the final stages prior to areas etc. The current plan will not de-
should be limited or not allowed. publication of the 1976 edition of the viate essentially from past procedures.
"Open Space and Recreation Plan and Standards used to relate supply, de-
Natural Features Program for Metropolitan Boston" (Vol- mands and needs are, of necessity,
The reservation system should incorpo- ume 1). This new version may be con- somewhat different from other RPA's.
rate examples of distinctive natural fea- sidered an update of a viable 1969 plan, MAPC considers 25 acres of regional
tures of the region's topography and but it goes beyond its predecessor in parks an acceptable figure-and that
cover, i.e., hills, ridges, stands of trees, that the area of influence is now 101 dependent on the specific locality con-
rock outcroppings, wetlands, streams, cities and towns while previous plans sidered. The figure varies with locality
and water bodies. considered 79. The soon-to-be pub- and anticipated demand and needs.
lished plan will reflect the expanded
Diversity number of communities and the plan is MAPC, which helped immeasurably in
a culmination of some three years formation of the Commonwealth's 1969
When possible, reservations should be cooperative effort involving both the plan, relies heavily on its predictions in
acquired that provide a diversity of top- staff of the Metropolitan Area Planning determining demand. They cite the
ographic and other natural features, so Council and a Technical Advisory Massachusetts @966 State Com-
that the entire reservation system will be Committee selected for their expertise prehensive Outdoor Recreation Plan,
able to provide a variety of recreational in such matters. It is somewhat signifi- some 5,000 telephone interview survey,
experiences. cant that the former Massachusetts De- attendance at local recreational areas,

etc. - as well as a New England River quisition fund similar to Self-Help Plan Status
Basins Commission study - as a basis Program The Old Colony Planning Council pre-
for determining demand. e. local governments should encour- pared an Open Space Plan in June,
MAPC's action plan is oriented to site age volunteer programs for he ing 1972. Although current plans do not an-
specific and general areas as con- with open space problems an ticipate a near-term updating, specific
trasted to a 101 city and town situation. maintenance pieces of information, when available,
They are particularly concerned with f. all private projects affecting inland or are "data-banked" for the future. The
four (4) major areas - i.e., Coastal tidal wetlands and all private pro- . funding source has been the HUD 701
Resources, Fresh Water Resources, jects which are one or more acres in allocation.
Reservations and Urban Needs. A size should be required to submit a
synopsis of policy and action recom- full environmental assessment form The inventory information available to
mendations are detailed in other vol- 9. study the feasibility of utilizing all the Old Colony Planning Council in-
umes (i.e., Rivers Systems Studies) this public right of ways for linear park cludes both public and private recrea-
time including the Ipswich River purposes. tion areas. They are identified by towns
Watershed, the North and South River and the type of recreation facility within
Watershed and the Sudbury, Assebet the town.
and Concord River Watersheds. OLD COLONY PLANNING The region, in obtaining relevant data,
In order to implement the action pro- COUNCIL searched or contacted the National Reg-
gram, the MAPC has a list of criteria by ister of Historic Places, Historic Ameri-
which projects should be measured. can Buildings Survey, Massachusetts
Their "bias" is towards areas with re- Goals and Objectives Historical Commission, U.S. Soil Con-
gional significance and areas that are servation, soil and site studies and
relatively unique. The Old Colony Planning Council has maps, Conservation Commission
devised the following goals, objectives ownerships, potential ownerships,
Criteria and policy recommendations with maps, etc.
respect to open space and recreation:
1 .Regional U.S. local significance A large number and type of recreational
2. Linkage with otheir open areas 1 . To control urban sprawl and to pre- facilities were surveyed to obtain data
3. Danger of being developed vent basic conflicts in land uses for the Open Space and Outdoor Rec-
4. Unique natural features within communiities and at munici- reation Plan. These included school
5. Easily accessible pal borders. recreation areas. community facilities,
6. In Urban or densely populated 2. To maintain outstanding physical private facilities, public reservations,
areas features and meaningful amounts historic sites, institutional holdings, key
7. Historic value of open space forthe benefit of all. agricultural holdings, tot lots, play-
8. Relevance to quantity and quality of 3. To make use of natural features as g.rounds, playfields, skating rinks, ten-
fresh water supply the framework of a land use pian. nis courts, sailing, canoeing, bicycling,
9. Reservation of a unique or attrac- 4. To maintain wetlands for ground picnicking, golf, hiking, beach areas,
tive vegetation grouping water storage, flood control and swimming pools, camping, horseback
10. Presence of significant wildlife wildlife habitats. riding, winter sports, etc.
habitats or populations 5. To provide for the primary sources Certain portions of the inventory are
11. Consistencies with local, regional of ground water supply. mapped. Included are: 1. A map of un-
and state recreation and open 6. To distribute equitably recreational developable land, residential clusters
space and open spaces to inner city as and major water bodies; 2. A map show-
12. Are benefits to be derived from well as suburban areas. ing public open space, semi-public
proposal consistent with expendi- 7. To provide both active and passive open space, significant private open
ture? recreational facilities and to ex- space, and cranberry bogs; 3. A map of
13. Can proposal be properly man- pand those facilities as the need proposed open space acquisitions.
aged? arises. Standards were considered in relation
Suggest seven implementation tech- 8. To preserve public rights-of-way to supply/ demand /need. The Bureau of
niques: along the region's waterways, Outdoor Recreation manuals applica-
a. creation of a Metropolitan Service water bodies, and highways to ble to the planning council's density
Commission to unite under single interconnect these with public served as a guideline. The agency
operating agency many of the exist- greenbelts. made its own projection looking forward
ing public agencies now serving the 9. To maintain ecological balance by to 1990 population forecasts. Full con-
MAPC region connecting natural features and sideration was given to land considered
b. urge fedefal government to increase physical facilities into conservation 11 unsuitable for development". Qualita-
annual BOR Land & Water Conser- areas. tIve rather than quantitative standards
vation Funding 10. To coordinate all open spaces and were used for conservation areas.
c. increase annual funding of state recreation activities with appropri- There is a plan for action which is both
Self-Help Program ate federal, state, regional, private, site specific and general. In the site
d. state should establish coastline ac- quasi-public organizations. specific area some 11 proposed site

acquisition areas are denoted as "first" 2. To assure that recreation and open listed by site under each town. I nven-
priority. Certain lands among first prior- space are given their proper places tories are updated in conjunction with
ity areas are scheduled for acquisition as prime land uses. other planning activities such as water
by the State. The Plymouth County 3. To provide for open spaces and quality and coastal zone planning. Ear-
Commissioners suggested that if insuf- recreation needs of all Massachu- lier inventory data relied rather heavily
ficient acquisitions were made, then the setts citizens. on material gather jointly with assis-
OCPC communities should reach 4. To provide programs to insure de- tance from the Department of Natural
agreement to purchase necessary par- livery of outdoor recreation oppor- Resources. The inventory did not in-
cels on a regional basis through the Old tunities for handicapped, elderly, clude quantified data on type of facility,
Colony Planning Council Open Space disadvantaged, and residents of except as implicit in the ownership data
Coordinating Committee. The OCPC extremely dense urban areas. or location (e.g., beach).
believed decisions for acquisition ac- 5. To identify and protect unique natu- The recreation facilities surveyed are
cording to priorities should be based on ral and cultural features. classified according to ownership type.
future studies in areas such as deter- 6. To insure public access to all Types included are: municipal control,
mining a legal engineering basis for resources. town parks, school sites, Conservation
flood plain zoning and finding locations 7. To promote effective communica- Commission lands, town forests, Munic-
of ground water acquifer to determine tion and coordination among all ipal Water Department lands, State
which sites would best accommodate levels of government to meet total forests and parks, other state controlled
future water needs. recreation needs, lands, federal lands, private recreation,
The latest edition of the Massachusetts 8. To establish adequate information and private non-recreation.
Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation programs to publicize outdoor rec-
Plan is an important guideline to the reation resources within the State. Consideration was given to recreational
OCPC, particularly the section forecast- 9. To establish or promote conserva- opportunities associated with such
ing expanding population in the towns tion programs and environmental things as: swimming, boating and
making up the Council's zone of influ- education. fishing, waterskiing, camping, picnick-
ence and the section listing the recre- 10. To work in coordinated manner to ing, outdoor sports and games, hunting,
ational activities which are increasing at meet recreation needs of citizens; hiking and horseback riding, winter
the fastest rate in terms of desirability involving them in planning, devel- sports, sightseeing, pleasure driving,
among Massachusetts residents. opment and administration of open public water supply, wetlands, flood
OCPC is alert to and responding to pro- space programs. plains, forest lands, rural land, service
cedures advocated by the Massachu- 11. To research special needs in rec- areas.
setts Historical Commission and the reation and develop standards Several sources have been used to de-
Historical American Buildings Survey. criteria and programs to meet termine standards applicable to the Dis-
Additionally, the Council, as is common needs. trict's supply, demand, and needs.
practice, receives from other similar Plan Status Sources cited include:
Planning Agencies in Massachusetts, 1 . American Society of Planning Of-
pertinent information and publications The Recreation and Open Space Plan ficials, Standards for Outdoor Rec-
which it uses. The Council cites in par- prepared by the Southeastern Regional reation Areas, Report No. 194, Plan-
ticular a portion of the Regional Open Planning and Economic Development ning Advisory Service, Chicago,
Space and Recreational Plan', Central District was completed in March, 1972. January, 1965
Massachusetts Regional Planning It is considered primarily as an analysis 2. Mass. SCORP, 1966
Commission for its helpful information of needs and demands and it sets 3. Outdoor Recreation Resources
regarding easements. targets for open space acquisitions for Review Commission, Public Outdoor
communities. Although at the present Recreation Areas -Acreage, Use,
time there are no firm plans for a com- Potential, ORRRC Study Report 1,
SOUTHEASTERN REGIONAL plete updating, certain information i's Washington D.C., 1962; ORRRC
PLANNING AND ECONOMIC recorded and mapped and will be used Study Report 26: Prospective
DEVELOPMENT DISTRICT at the time of the update. Demand for Outdoor Recreation,
Funding sources cited by the District 1962, Washington D.C.; ORRRC
include HUD 701, The Economic Study Report 20: Participation in
Goals and Objectives Development Administration (Depart- Outdoor Recreation Factors Affect-
ment of Commerce) and The Public ing Demand Among American
The Southeastern Regional Planning Works and Economic Development Act Adults, 1962, Washington, D.C.
and Economic Development District of 1965. The Massachusetts Self-Help 4. Bureau of the Census, Projected
considers the following its goals program and Federal funding through Family Income Data
and objectives related to recreation the Bureau of Outdoor Recreation are 5. SRPEDD, Average Activity Days Per
and open space: the main sources of funding for present Person in SRPEDD Region, 1970,
1. To bring each municipality's per open space and recreation projects. 1980,1990,
capita public open space up to the The District inventory includes both -Additionally the District considered the
1970 regional median, i.e., 75 public recreation areas and private rec- following standards for recreational
acres per 1000 population. reation areas. Material is organized and pursuits:

Swimming: 100 persons/acre of beach, 1 . To support multiple uses of land 3. Conservation Commission records.
buffer zone and parking without conflicting with the preserva- 4. Personal field surveys with town of-
Boating and Fishing: 40 persons/acre tion of wildlife and open space. ficials and Coastal Zone Manage-
for land facilities 2. To protect wetlands in their natural ment advisory committee.
Water Skiing: 1 person/acre state in order to preserve the rural 5. Existing land use maps.
Camping: 15 persons/ (sites at 75 ft. seaside atmosphere and wildlife The Commission's consideration of rec-
intervals) habitat on the Cape and to protect reational demand and need relies on a
Picnicking: 40 persons/acre the marine environment. traffic survey conducted by the Massa-
Outdoor Sports and Games: 35 chusefts Department of Public Works
persons/acre Plan Status which indicates the place of origin of
The action plan is site specific, town In mid 1970 the Cape Cod Planning and Cape Cod visitors, the types of recrea-
specific and general in scope. Action Economic Development Commission tion sought, and the intended destina-
plan priorities are described as follows: prepared "An Inventory of Existing Pub- tion on the Cape.
lic and Semi-Public Open Space and
1 St priority: provision of adequate rec- Recreation Areas". The inventory i's up- The Commission recently has been ac-
reational facilities for all densely popu- dated annually. Other notations are tive on some other phases of outdoor
lated neighborhoods. made frequently and maps are kept recreation and open space planning
reasonably current. The inventory is and currently, is working with State per-
2nd priority: dispersion of open spaces sonnel concerned with Coastal Zone
considered as a part of the Commis-
to provide each neighborhood with Sion's comprehensive planning and Management. The Commission has
convenient recreational facilities, espe- economic development program. At the also prepared an analysis of vacant
cially for those with limited transporta- present time there are no plans to ex- land which considers the rate of con-
tion resources (i.e., the young and the pand the inventory into a more specific sumption of such land on the Cape.
elderly). outdoor recreation and open space
Recommended development programs plan. The Commission's work has been
address projected severe open space funded through HUD and local sources. MARTHA'S VINEYARD
deficiencies in Bristol County adjac .ent Inventory information includes both COMMISSION
to major urban regional centers, unique public recreation areas and private rec-
natural features vulnerable to develop- reation areas. The inventory is or-
ment pressures, and densely populated ganized by towns and within the town by
urban neighborhoods. the type of recreational facility. The in- Goals and Objectives
Other than more comprehensive plan- ventory indicates the number of each The Martha's Vineyard Commission
ning efforts, open space and recreation type of facility in the regional planning considers the following among its goals
planning has not received high priority area, the number of acres of each facil- and objectives related to recreation and
at this agency recently. This reflects, in ity, and the type and location of the re- open space:
part, the elimination of the Open Space spective areas. 1 .To encourage a carefully controlled
Certification requirement by HUD. The Included among the recreation facilities development which respects and
agency has however assisted com- surveyed are parks, playfields, pools, complements the natural land-
munities in the region in local open camping facilities, school complexes, scape and ecology.
space and recreation planning in re- cemeteries, forests, wildlife and fishing 2. To endorse and aid efforts to pre-
gard to local master plans and categor- management areas, conservation serve the pattern of open spaces
ical and block grant applications. Dur- areas, golf courses, camps, beaches, punctuated by uniquely differing
ing a recent 24 man/month span spent boat ramps, and landings, watershed villages.
on Municipal Assistance the District es- areas, rod and gun clubs, riding 3. To work to eliminate or prevent all
timated that 10% of the assistance to the stables. sources of water pollution, includ-
local communities was devoted to rec- ing the prohibition of development
reation and open space planning. The Commission's report includes in areas of fragile ecology, such as
maps showing state, federal, local and wetlands, steep slopes, cliffs,
private conservation land, golf courses, beaches and dunes and any other
CAPE COD PLANNING AND marinas, beaches, forests, parks, types of delicate land or
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT playgrounds, schools, camps, waterscape.
COMMISSION cemeteries and wildlife reserves for six 4. To minimize visual pollution both in
quadrants within the regional planning the natural and man-made land-
area. These maps are used for display scape.
purposes, and are suitable for mailing 5. To protect and preserve the
Goals and Objectives purposes. habitats of both land and marine
Goals and objectives related to recrea- Inventory data sources uses include: wildlife.
tion and open space planning ex- 6. To actively urge the creation and/or
pressed by the Cape Cod Planning and 1. Lists of tax-exempt property as improvement of both passive and
Economic Development Commission shown in town files. active public and private recre-
are: 2. Chamber of Commerce records. ational facilities, as a means of serv-

ing both year-round and summer NANTUCKET PLANNING AND Planning and Economic Development
residents. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Commission prepared a " 1974 Resi-
7. To establish the fiscal and environ- COMMISSION dential Growth Impact Study" and
mental costs and benefits gen- completed a series of eight Environ-
erated by the coming of additional mental Quality maps. These maps in-
persons in all categories, including clude: Agricultural Land; Municipal
new year-round residents, sea- Goals and Objectives Water; Recreation Land; Recreation
sonal home-owners, full summer The Nantucket Planning and Economic Water; Urban Land; Wildlife Land;
visitors, short-term transient visitors Development Commission cites the fol- Wildlife Wetland; and Woodland. The
and "day trippers". lowing among its goals and objectives Commission has also prepared a map
8. To define to the most specific de- related to recreation and open space: of flood prone areas and a series of ten
gree possible areas with fragile, 1 . To monitor, on a continuing basis, interpretive soils maps.
natural resources where develop- the quality and quantity of the Is- Currently, the Commission is working on
ment should be minimized or pro- land's unique natural and rn@n-made a policy statement concerning growth
hibited, including important aqua- environment through a regular up- goals and objectives to be discussed
tic and terrestrial wildlife habitats. dating of Nantucket's Environmental and presented at the town meeting.
9. To survey, assess and take needed
steps to help preserve both natural Quality (EQ) Study.
2. To plan and recommend land use
and man-made scenic and aes- control and other measures for areas
thetic resources.
10. To monitor sources of water and air of critical planning concerns such
as: wetlands, moors, flood prone
pollution and institute remedial ac- areas, wildlife areas, scenic areas,
tions aimed toward a regional pol-
icy for combating all sources of en- clunes-and beaches, woodlands,
vironmental toxification. aquifer recharge areas, agricultural
land, and land susceptible to soil
Plan Status transport.
The Martha's Vineyard Commission has 3. To develop an Action Program for
been functioning as such for only a rela- acquisition, development and man-
agement of significant conserva-
tively short time during which it has tion/recreation areas, particularly
been carrying on the work of the Dukes areas of critical planning concern.
County Planning and Economic Com- 4. To administer the Massachusetts
mission. There exists a 1973 Recreation Wetlands Protection Act, as
and Open Space Plan applicable to amended.
Martha's Vineyard which is reasonably 5. To provide for balanced opportunity
current. At the present time there are no for passive and active recreation
firm plans for updating the report; how- which would include the needs of all
ever as data becomes antiquated or ages, geographic areas and socio-
new data surfaces, notes are made or economic groups.
future use. 6. To provide suitable public access to
Within the recent past, the Martha's certain key water resources on the
Vineyard Commission has prepared Island.
position papers related to the area. 7. To establish and maintain an active
These include "Goals for the Martha's conservation/recreation education
Vineyard Commission", April 10, 1975, program through work with the
which discusses growth and change on media, local schools and individuals
the Vineyard; and "Martha's Vineyard in the community.
Commission Policies to be Used in 8. To periodically revise goals and ob-
Considering Development Proposals jectives for conservation/recreation.
Whose Impacts are of a Regional Na- 9. To identify, evaluate and develop
ture", June 5, 1975, which outlines in management strategies for dealing
some detail constraints on development effectively with Nantucket's unique
and the desire to preserve a rural envi- natural environment while providing
ronment. for reasonable expansion of the
Other papers which have been pre- man-made environment, including
pared by the Commission are: "Natural recreational uses, in areas suitable
Scientific and Ecological Resources"; therefor.
"Economic Development"; "Cultural Plan Status
and Historic Resources": "Social Ser-
vices and General Welfare". During the past year the Nantucket

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