Lakeside Recreation Area Erosion Protection Design Study

[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]

Coastal Zone LAKESIDE RECREATION AREA
Information
Centm-

EROSION
PROTECTION
DESIGN STUDY

LAKE ERIE

-- A-WE@7

3T E ".0 ROUTE

AS PART OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
PENNSYLVANIA COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
NOVEMBER 1985

571
C@

@a
.L35 Funded and Coordinated
1985 gh Department of Environmental R*sour- PREPARED FOR:
Dtfice of Resources Management, Bureau
c.2 szources Management, Division of Coast-
'no Management and the Eris County Do- LAWRENCE PARK TOWNSHIP
nent of Planning. PREPARED BY:
zonE URBAN ENGINEERS, INC.

LAKESIDE RECREATION AREA

EROSION

PROTECTION

'coo DESIGN STUDY

Prepared For:

LAWRENCE PARK TOWNSHIP BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS

Theodore E. Mohnkern, President
Allen C. Ogden, Vice President
Raymond M. DePlatchett

James E; Conners

C. Kenneth Schnars

Prepared By:

URBAN ENGINEERS, INC.

The preparation of this report was funded
and coordinated through the Pennsylvania
Department of Environmental Resources,
Office of Resources Management, Bureau of
Resources Management, Division of Coastal
Zone Management and the Erie County Depart-
ment of Planning.

NOVEMBER 1985

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE
I. INTRODUCTION ........................................ 1

II* STUDY AREA 2

Location ........................................ 2
Site Description ................................ 2

III. EROSION PROCESS ..................................... 3

IV. EN13INEERING STUDY ................................... 6

V. EVALUATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...................... 9

VI. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS ............................... 11

Groins .......................................... 11
Boat Ramp ....................................... 12
Runoff Containment .............................. 12
Monitoring and Maintenance ...................... 13

VII. CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS .............................. 14

APPENDIX ............................................ 15

Army Corps of Engineers Permit Application
Pennsylvania Dept. of Environmental Resources
Permit Application
Construction Cost Estimates
Construction Specifications
Literature Cited LIST OF PLATES

Plate 1 Project Location Map
Plate 2 Existing Facilities
Plate 3 Typical Revetment Section
Plate 4 Typical Quarrystone Breakwater
Plate 5 Typical Permeable Groin
Plate 6 Typical Timber Bulkhead
Plate 7 Construction Details
Plate 8* Proposed Shorei-ine Protection Facilities
Plate 9 Vault Details

I. INTRODUCTION

Recognizing the need for water related recreational activities,

the Township of Lawrence Park wishes to expand the existing recrea-

tion site along the shore of Lake Erie. In September of 1982

a Feasibility and Design Study to develop a Recreation Master

Plan for the Lakeside Recreation Area was completed. The study

outlined and recommended various recreational facilities to be

constructed within the township owned Lakeside Recreation Area

property. As part of the Phase I Development plan, an expanded

boat launching ramp and public swimming area are recommended for

the'Lake Shore area. Prior to the development of these facilities

it will be necessary to curtail the continual shore line erosion

experienced at the site.

On February 6, 1985, Lawrence Park Township entered into

an agreement with the County of Erie to conduct an Erosion Pro-

tection Design Study for the purpose of:

1. Evaluating the causes of the Shore Line Erosion.
2. Developing Alternative Erosion Protection Facilities.
3. Designing a Cost Effective Erosion Protection System.
4. Preparing Final Plans and Specifications for Construction.

Funds for this design study are being provided by the Penn-

sylvania Department of Environmental Resources through the Coastal

Zone Management Program.

-1-

II. STUDY AREA

Location

The study site is located along the Lake Erie shoreline and

is part of the 9.25 acre Lakeside Recreation Area in the Lake

Cliff Park Subdivision of Lawrence Park Township, Erie County,

Pennsylvania (Plate 1

Site Description

The beach averages 50 feet in width along the shoreline

of the project area -and is composed of natural sand deposited

due to the shallow cove configuration and the existing groin.

This area is backed by a steep, 25 foot high bluff vegetated

with shrubs and grass. The site facilities (Plate 2 ) consist

of a 60 foot long by 3 foot wide precast concrete block groin

adjacent to a small limited boat launch ramp accessed by a

gravel. road. At the easterly end of the site both a 30 inch

and a 36 inch diameter storm sewer discharge to the lake.

-2-

LAKE ERIE

SITE LOCATION

Lo :1clif Su ivi n Lawrence Park Country Club

East Lake Road (L.R.495
_j Rte. 5

cli

_j
General Electric Plant m 65)

US I A J L

Conro; 1

Norfolka Western
City of Erie Wesleyville Boro

Horborcreek Township

LAWRENCE PARK TOWNSHIP
scale.l"Zlooo,

III. EROSION PROCESS

Erosion and accretion are the two aspects of the same

process involving a changing shoreline which may occur at

extremely slow rates or make dramatic changes within a human

lifetime. If erosion is not balanced by accretion, the shore

will hie washed away.

Wave motion, particularly that of breaking waves, is the

most important active agent in the building and erosion of a

shoreline. Waves are produced by wind blowing across the water.

The longer the distance or fetch available, the longer the waves.

Within the wave, a water particle moves in small vertical

circles and keeps returning to its starting point, while the form

energy of the wave moves forward. As the wave moves toward shore,

it begins to drag on the bottom, which eventually causes it to

break or collapse. This produces a great deal of turbulence,

stirring up material from the bottom or eroding it from banks

and bluffs.

The waves break, run up the shore and return, this action

first carrying sedimentary material toward the shore then away.

The sedimentary material, called littoral drift, moves in a

series of zig-zags along the shore guided by the longshore

current which is produced by the successive wave fronts arriving

at the shore on an angle. At the Lakeside Recreation Area, the

littoral drift generally moves in a west to east direction.

-3-

Frequently, attempts to reduce erosion and build up the sand

in one area will interrupt the movement of material along the

shoreline thereby increasing erosion in an adjacent area.

Storm water erosion differs from the shoreline erosion

process only in the manner of transport. Storm water flows are

generally confined to channels which control the direction of

movement.

The Lakeside Recreation Area has two problem areas connected

with the erosion process and one caused by accretion. The boat

launch ramp is the focus of these opposing forces. The existing

groin is serving its design purpose of protecting the ramp from

west-northwest waves quite adequately, however, the accumulation

of material on the west side of the groin is transported around

the shore end of the groin and is deposited on the boat ramp.

The net result is continual maintenance required to remove the

sand from the ramp to keep the facility operational.

The erosion induced problem is of much greater importance.

The boat launch ramp suffers from scouring of the sand beneath

it and. the subsequent reduction in structural strength. The

damage: is caused by waves generated by northeast storms and storm

water run-off down the ramp.

The second major erosion related problem is not associated

withthe lake process. Approximately 75 feet east of the boat

ramp is the location of two large (30 and 36 inch) storm s-ewer

outfalls. The pipe inverts are situated near the top of the bluff.

-4-

The high water velocity result in erosion at the toe of the bluff

and in the initial portion of the channel. The composition of the

shoreline is such that the discharge channel to the lake is not

permanent but rather, random and varying.

The project site is fortunate in that a beach does exist

to provide protection to the bluff. In addition, the bluff is

composed primarily of shale and not of a silt soil. The erosion

of the bluff, usually the paramount problem at area lake front

sites, is occasioned at this site only by large storms and then

only to a limited extent.

-5-

IV. ENGINEERING STUDY

Three basic choices are available when evaluating erosion

problem action alternatives: no action, relocation of structures

and corrective measures. Through the September 1982 study, the

Township indicated a desire to maintain and expand existing

facilities, therefore, the no action alternate and the relocation

alternate are not considered options.

The third option, corrective measures, can be broken down

into three categories: Those that directly armor the shore,

those that dissipate wave energy, and those that retain earth

slopes against sliding. The following section summarizes the

various structures, their uses and their advantages and disadvan-

tages.

Revetments (Plate 3 ), placed on banks or bluffs, protect

the shore and the land behind them by absorbing the energy of

incoming waves. The rough surface of the revetment offers more

resistance to the water flow and hence retards water run-up on

the slope. The wave energy is dissipated within the armored zone

and the slope remains undisturbed.

Revetments are effective in absorbing wave energy and re-

ducing wave run-up. The advantages to this type of protection

include being well suited to stage construction;they are easily

repaired; and are low in maintenance costs. The limitations

include: heavy equipment is required for construction; they

have a moderately high first cost and there is limited beach access.

-6-

OVERTOPPING
APRON

7.77 ARMOR LAYER

MEAN HIGH WATER

MEAN LOW WATER
TOE
GRADED STONE OR PROTECTION
FILTER CLOTH

TYPICAL REVETIVIENT SECTION

NO SCALE

PLATE"NO. 5

Breakwaters (Plate 4 ), fixed or floating, placed offshore

to dissipate the energy of incoming waves will also provide shore

protection. Fixed breakwaters are large quantities of dense

material that bear on the lake bottom; while buoyant materials, ie.,

hollow, concrete boxes, logs or scrap tires are utilized in the con-

struction of floating breakwaters.

Breakwaters can exert a beneficial effect over a considerable

length of shoreline. The recreational value of the breakwater

site is enhanced as a natural beach is built between the break-

water and @he shore.

As with other attempts to control a very dynamic environment,

a breakwater may modify the beach line and cause erosion in down

drift areas. In addition, breakwater initial cost can be high

due to the need for floating heavy equipment and any subsequent

repairs can be extremely difficult.

Groins (Plate 5) are generally installed perpendicular to

and extending from the shoreline with the purpose of trapping

and retaining the littoral drift material. The enlarged beach

area increases erosion protection for the bluff and inland areas

by serving as a wave energy dissipator.

The chief advantages of groins are the erosion protection

provided for upland areas, recreational benefits of a larger,

stabilized beach, moderate first cost and low maintenance cost.

On the other hand, groins rarely function strictly as intended

in that areas down drift will probably experience erosion.

-7-

INCOMING WAVES

@.@@K@WATER@@

BEACH WILL FILL IF
LONGSHORE THERE IS MATERIAL
CURRENT
IN THE SYSTEM
/ORIGINAL SHORELINE

PLAN VIEW

SLOWER WAVES LOSE
CARRYING POWER QUARRYSTONE
SEDIMENTATION IN LEE

ol 1,
I
ZORIGINAL G R 0 U N'5 -L TINTE- L@Nl)
AF@
I-GRADED STONE OR
SECTION A-A, FILTER CLOTH

TYPICAL QUARRYSTONE BREAKWATER1
NO S.CALE PLATE NO.4

Ll VAR I ES

TIED
INTO BLUFF--j
Yi.&T-ER LEVEL DATUM

.PROFILE

VARIES

ARMOR STONE

0
CORE STONE
(QUARRY RUN)

goo%

GRADED STONE OR
FILTER CLOTH

CROSS -SECTION

TYPICAL PERMEABLE GROIN,

NO SCALE

PLATE* NO. 5

The final type of structure to be considered is a bulk-

head. Bulkheads (Plate 6) are placed at the toe of a bluff

parallel to the shoreline with the primary purpose of serving

as a retaining wall. A secondary benefit is the protection

afforded the slope from wave action.

The construction of bulkheads follow the pattern of re-,.

taining walls utilizing either sheet pile, pile supported or

passive gravity construction.

Bulkheads are most appropriate where fishing and boating

are the primary uses of the shore and gently sloping areas for

sunbathing or shallow water swimming are not essential. This

type of structure provides substantial protection and maintains

the shoreline in a fixed position. Depending on the wall type,

maintenance cost can be low and the materials readily available.

Disadvantages include scour protection requirements at the toe,

the limiting of use and access to the beach and high first costs.

-8-

QUARRYSTONE OVERTOPPING APRON
q;;:@ORIGINAL GROUND SURFACE DESIGN CREST EL.

SAND
BACKIFILL

Kie's - TI E
DESIGN WATER LEV L.
W/TUR SUCKLE
FI LTER
CLOTH
ZCON;RETE DEADMAN
'ANCHOR
TOE PROTECTION
EXISTING
SLOPE TREATED N\--FILTER CLOTH
TI M BER
PLANKS TREATED TIMBER POST

TYPICAL TIMBER BULKHEAD

NO $CALE
@WFILTER CLO"

PLATE NO. 6

V. EVALUATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Based on the intended use of the Lakeside Recreation Area,

as ind icated by the Feasibility and Design Study of September 1982,

the primary uses of the shore area are swimming and boat access.

The desired use of the shore area provides the basic criteria for

selection of a recommended shoreline protection device. Revetments

and bulkheads do not lend themselves to beach access and the break-

water alternative, beside being expensive, will accumulate sand

on the shoreward side of the structure which can diminish boat

access.

A groin has several effects which make it the most attractive

of the various options. A new groin, located approximately 200

feet east of the existing groin would serve to increase the beach

size by trapping sand moved by the bottom drift. The longer

beach will enhance the recreational aspects of the site, provide

some northeast storm protection for the boat ramp, and increase

the erosion protection of the bluff. Due to the mechanics of a

groin field ie., accretion on the updrift side and erosion on the

downdrift side, the boat launching area would be naturally kept

open.

To minimize erosion of downdrift beach areas it is recom-

mended that the new groin be permeable to allow for some material
-passage.

The existing groin at the,boat ramp should be extended

shoreward and tied into the bluff. This barrier would act to

keep the sand from washing onto the boat ramp from the westerly

shore.

-9-

The beach formed by the new groin will provide protection to

the boat ramp from scouring due to the wave action of northeasterly

storms. In addition, catch basins at the top of the ramp are

recommended to collect storm water on the ramp and the access road

eliminating the erosion on the sides and end of the ramp.

Finally, to handle the problems due to the storm sewer out-

falls the following is recommended: reroute the drainage via

pipes eastward to a new discharge east of the proposed groin. The

short channel to the lake should be protected to minimize erosion.

To implement these recommendations, close coordination with

the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Re sources and the

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers will be necessary. Construction

permits from both agencies will also be required. The appendix

contains copies of the completed permit applications.

-10-

VI. Design Considerations

The purpose of this section is to expand on the recommend-

ations developed earlier in this report and provide a bridge

between the general recommendations and the specific design

features contained in the accompanying plans (Plates 7,8 & 9)
and specifications.
Groins

The criteria to be examined in the design of a groin include

material, constructability, cost, servicability, maintenance and

aesthetics. As shown on Plate 5, quarry stone is frequently used

for the construction of groins and breakwaters. The Erie area,

however, has no reasonably accessable supply of the large stone

needed in this type of construction. Stacked bag groins can be

used, but their use is recommended for waves up to 5 feet in

height. The waves produced on Lake Erie frequently exceed this

height. Steel pile groins are not practical from a cost point

of view.

The existing groin is constructed of precast concrete block,

2' x 3' x 6', held together by steel pins. It has performed

very satisfactorily for the 11 years since its installation.

Several other of the selection criteria are well satisfied

by adopting the earlier design: the material is readily avail-

able; cost is moderate; maintenance is minimal; and the asthetics

of the site would be well served by using the same approach.

Constructability problems are no greater than those encountered

in lake related construction with any other type of material.

-il-

The precast concrete block construction also facilitates

the inclusion of material passage openings which reduce the

chance of downdrift erosion due to beach starvation.

Boat Ramp

The existing boat ramp,constructed on sand, has sustained

considerable damage over the years and needs a replacement. Al-

though scour protection is to be provided by the new groin and a

storm water collection system, additional protection is being

built in to the new ramp itself (Plate 7). The design approach

combines the need for a new ramp with the extension of the

existing groin. The proposed ramp is constructed on top of the

precast concrete blocks used in the groin construction. The

concrete blocks will provide the scour protection necessary to

maintain the structural integrity of the ramp.

The ramp is curbed to assist in keeping sand off, as well as,

preventing.any runoff by-passing the catch basins from eroding the

material along the sides of the ramp and keeping the boat trailers

on the ramp.

Runoff Containment

The elimination of the channel through the center of the

beach requires the modification of the existing storm water dis-

charge system. The plan calls for the tubing of the discharge

flows (Plate 8) parallel to the shore to a point east of the new

groin. At,times of peak storm water descharge, velocities will

be very high requiring adequate facilities to direct flows around

-12-

the beach area (Plate 9). A short protection channel will convey

the flows to the lake proper.

Monitoring and Maintenance

The new groin is designed to be permeable, however, the

possibility of scour down drift is still high. A monitoring

program is recommended to check on the shore conditions after

construction. If excessive scour does develop sand should be

imported and placed on the east side of the new groin. This

procedure may have to be repeated periodically until the system

stabilizes. The township could be liable for erosion damages

caused by the placement of the new groin and should be prepared

to continually import and deposit sand east of the new groin as

the system may never stabilize.

VII. CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS

The plans and specifications for the construction of the

work proposed earlier in this report have been developed using

good, standard engineering practice and U.S. Army Corps of

Engineers, Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources

and Pennsylvania Department of Transportation requirements and

standards consistent with the individual requirements of the site.

The specifications, including the bid documents and general

conditions, as well ast the technical specifications, are con-

tained in the Appendix.

The plans, consisting of Plates 2,7,8, and 9, can be found

in the pocket inside the back cover of this report.

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I APPENDIX
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APPLICATION FOR A DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY PERMIT OMB APPROVAL NO. 0702-0036
For use of this form, we EP 1145-2-1 Expires 30 September 1983

The Department of the Army permit program is authorized by Section 10 of the River and Harbor Act of 1899. Section 404 of
P. L. 92-500 and Section 103 of P. L. 92-532. These laws require permits authorizing structures and work in or affecting navigable
waters of the United States. the discharge of dredged or fill material into waters of the United States, and the transportation of
dredged material for the purpose of dumping it into ocean waters. Information provided in ENG Form 4345 will be used in evaluating
the application for a permit. Information in the application is made a matter of public record through Issuance of a public notice.
Disclosure of the information requested is voluntary; however, the data requested are necessary in order'to communicate with the
applicant and to evaluate the permit application. If necessary information is not provided, the permit application cannot be pro-
cessed nor can a permit be issued.
One set of original drawings or good reproducible copies which show the location and character of the proposed activity must
be attached to this application Ise. sample drawings and checklist) and be submitted to the District Engineer having jurisdiction
over the location of the proposed activity. An application that is not completed in full will be returned.

1. Application number 'To be assigned by Corps) 2, Date 3. For Corps use only.

4 85
Day MO. Yr.

4. Name and address of applicant. 5. Name,' address and title of authorized agent.
Lawrej@ce Park Township C.K. Schnars
864 Silliman Ave. Recreation Commissioner
Erie, PA 16511 Same as Item 4
Telephone no. during business hours Telephone no. during business hours
A/C (8j4 899-2305 A/c (814 899-2305
A/C A/C I

6. Describe in detail the proposed activity, its purpose and intended use (private, public, commercial or other) including descrip-
tion of the type of structures, if any to be erected on fills. or pile or float-supported platforms, the type, composition and
quantity of materials to be discharged or dumped and means of conveyance, and the source of discharge or fill material. If
additional space is needed, use Block 14.
The existing boat ramp will be demolished and a new one constructed
using an extension of the existing groin as a foundation. This
approach will help prevent scouring under the new ramp and reduce
maintenance by keeping the ramp clean of sand. A new precast concrete
block groin will be constructed 200 feet east of the existing structure.
7. Names, addresses and telephone numbers of adjoining property owners. lessees, etc., whose property also adjoins the waterway.
Peter A16X Richard Graham Kurt Fehrle
2300 Lakeside Dr. 2306 Lakeside Dr, 2608 Lakeside Dr.

James & Laura Nickell Paul E. Kreger Robert J. Kilgore
2302 Lakeside Dr. 2308 Lakeside Dr. 2612 Lakeside Dr.

William Lee Burt Rutkowski Mrs. Ray Beaver
2304 Lakeside Dr. 2604 Lakeside Dr. 2618 Lakeside Dr.
(Con't. Block 14)
S. Location where proposed activity exists or will occur.
Address: Tax Assessors Description: (If known)
Lakeside Drive 1 43
Street, road or other descriptive location Map Subdiv. No. Lot No.
Lawrence Park Township
In or near city or town Sec. Twp. Rge.

Erie PA 16511
County State Zip Code

9. Name of waterway at location of the activity.
Lake Erie

ENG Form 4345, 1 OCT 77 Edition of 1 Apr 74 is obsolete.

10. Date activity is proposed to commence. May 1986
Date aciii'vity is expected to be co-m-p--le-t6d JulY- 1986-.-

11. Is any portion of-the activity for which authorization is sought now complete? El YES FX] NO
If answer is "Yes" give reasons in the remark section. Month and year the activity was completed
Indicate the existing work on the drawings.

12. List all approvals or certifications required by other federal. interstate, state or local agencies for any structures. construc-
tion. discharges. deposits or other activities described in this application.

Issuing Agency Type Approval Identification No. Date of Application Date of Approval
Commonwealth of
Pennsylvania
Dept. of Environ-
mental Resources

13. Has any agency denied approval for the activity described herein or for any activity directly related to the activity
described herainl
FJ Yes Fx] No (If "Yes" explain in remarks)

14. Remarks or additional information. (Con't. from block 6)
The new groin is to provide a larger beach to protect the bluff and
the new ramp. In addition, the site is being developed as a multi-
use recreation facility and a swimming beach is planned. As part of
the erosion protection plan, the storm sewers discharging near the top
of the bluff are to be re-routed to a discharge point east of the
groin. Approximately 280-cubic yards of fill will be required to
cover the pipes. Slope protection is to be provided by the application
of "Enkamat" soil reinforcement. Source of the fill material will be
a local gravel,pit -selected by the successful bidder.
(Con't. f rom block 7)
Anthony T. Merski Leo R. Kaminski
2624 Lakeside Dr. 2628 Lakeside Dr.

15. Application is hereby made for a permit or permits to authorize the activities described herein. I certify that I am familiar
with the information contained in this application. and that to the best of my knowledge and belief such information is true,
complete. and accurate. I further certify that I possess the authority to undertake the proposed activities.

Signature of Applicant or Authorized Agent

The application must be' signed by the applicant; however. it may be signed by a duly authorized agent (named in Item 5)
if this form is accompanied by a statement by the applicant designating the agent and agreeing to furnish upon request,
supplemental information in support of the application.

18 U. S. C. Section 1001 provides that: Whoever, in any manner within the jurisdiction of any department or agency
of The United States knowingly and willfully falsifies, conceals, or covers up by any trick, scheme, or device a material fact
or makes any false. fictitious or fraudulent statements or representations or makes or uses any false writing or document
knowing same to contain any false fictitIous.or fraudulent statement or entry, shall be fined not more than $10,000 or
imprisioned not more than five year3.'or both. Do not send a permit processing fee with this application. The appropriate
fee will b. assessed when a permit is issued,

PR04ECT LAKE ERIE
PROKRTY Llt&_ SITE I* od 0 4 IN cmk
PROPOSED ROCK-LINED CHANNEL

2' LONG LITTORAL
OPENINGS PROPOSED CONCRETE ENDWALL
ai

Aa I

PROPOSED STORM
DRAINAGE SYSTEM w1a, 6jaz mm
w

PROPOSED
fILL AREA VICINITY MAP
EXISTING SCALC 1"4000'
j" STORM
R oo 4j DRAINS
cii

SHORELINE
3/20/85 TOP OF BANK NOrE.' FOR ADJOINING PROPERTY
188' OWNERS, SEE ATTACHED
TABULATION.
134! SOUNDINGS ARE SHOWN 13Y
AND ARE BASED ON THE
EXISTING CONCRETE BOAT RAMP 1(1974) LAKE LEVEL ON 3/20/85

PROPOSED CONCRETE BOAT RAMP

I
+1 60\
EXIST,NG
GROIN (874)

PROPERTY LINE

PLAN OF PROPOSED SHORELINE IMPROVEMENTS
SCALE: f'--50' EXISTING TOP OF BANK

,JRREGULAR FILL AREA
MAX. DIMENSIONS 135'x37'
DEPTHS FROM I' TO 9'
ELIEV 572 1+ PROPOSED
48!' R.C.I?

SED 280 C.Y. BANK
RUN GRAVEL FILL.
GRAVEL SOURCE- LOCAL PIT
TO BE SELECTED BY THE 3' TOPSOIL ANCKWED BY E
CONTRACTOR. A LAYER OF "ENKAMAT" -PROPOSED SHORELINE
p
'o
T4,

2 EMSTIN C
G
OPOSED:

ft@@
2.1E. ELEV SEEDED WITH RYE GRASS/ AMPROVEMENTS
570.76 CROWN VETCH MIXTURE. LAKESIDE RECREATION AREA
SECTION A-A 'LAWRENCE PMX TOMOS"IP
ERIE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
SCALE- I"=20' A PR I L. 045
umm of"c"

TOP ELEV 573.1 DIA. IRON PIN
PER I.G.L.D.

---E
J@S
.Irl C;r LAKE LEVEL

TYPICAL
OPENING---,,,, 2' OPENINGS TO BE
14 PLACED IN THIS TIER
Owl OF BLOCKS.

EXISTING BOTTOM

NOTE. GROIN TO BE CONSTRUCTED
OF THREE ROWS OF PRECAST
CONCRETE BLOCKS AS SHOWN,
AN
U5, SHALE D HELD IN PLACE WITH IRON
PINS AS SHOWN.

DIA. IRON PIN
k

PROPOSED GROIN
SECTION B-B
SCALE I"=S

EXISTING PRECAST GROIN 25'

------ I-- CROWN GROUND
--4

LEVELING CAP
I DIA. IRON PIN

fa U) CONTROLLED FILL

2x 3!x 6' PRIEWT
CONCRETE BLOCKS

SHALE
\-IJC DIA. IRON PIN-
PROPOSED REBUILT RAMP PROPOSED SHORELINE
4.7

-SECTION C-C IMPROVEMENTS
SC ALE LAKESIDE RECREATION AREA
LAWRENCE PARK TOWNS141P
ERIE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
APRIL, 1985
Mom val"Ec"t mc.

ADJACENT PROPERTY OWNERS

Name Address

Peter Alex 2300 Lakeside Dr.

James & Laura Nickell 2302

William Lee 2 304

Richard Graham 2306

Paul E. Kreger 2308

Bart Rutkowski 2604 it

Kurt Fehrle 2608

Robert J. Kilgore 2612

Mrs. Ray Beaver 2618

Anthony T. Merski 2624

Leo R. Kaminski 2628

ER - DWM - 12: Rev. 6/84 COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES

APPLICATION FOR DAM OR WATER OBSTRUCTION PERMIT

.....

In compliance with the provisions of the Act of November 26, 1978, P.L. 1375, as amended (32 P.S.
�693.1 et seq.) known as the "Dam Safety and Encroachments Act"; Act of October 4, 1978, P.L. 851
(32 P.S. �679. 101 et seq..), known as the "Flood Plain Management Act"; and the Administrative Code,
Act of April 9, 1929, P.L. 177, as amended, which empowers the Department of Environmental Resources
to exercise certain powers and perform certain duties by law vested in and imposed upon the Water Supply
Commission of Pennsylvania, and the Water and Power Resources Board.
Lawrence Park Township ........................................................................ .... . .....
.................................................. .
Applicant
hereby makes application for the consent or permit of the Department of Environmental Resources to con-

. . ................ ..........
struct, maintain, modify, enlarge or abandon ... concrete.block ............
groin and storm sewer system.
............................................................ .. .................................................................................

..........................................................
in, along, or across ........ LakeErie ............................................................. .........
........
I (Here state name of stream or other body of water.)

...................................................................................................................................................
at a point ........ mile West of 4 mile creek
(Here give location, by distance from mouth of stream, county, township, or municipal boundary; also give city, town or township
and county in which located.)
Lawrence.. Park.Township.. Erie ... County .............................................................
.
. ...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................

for the purpose of replacing an existinb boat ramp with provisions for
..............
Here state fully the purpose, necessity. and description of the proposed obstruction.)

scour and debris control The new..groin is desiginated to
. . ....................

increase the beach size in order to protect the bluff and
ramp, as well as, providing a stailized swimming beach,
The re-routing of the storm sewer outfalls requires filling
a portion of the shoreline in order to adequately bury
the pipe.

Continued on the other side

in accordance with the complete maps, plans, profiles, and specifications filed with this application and made
a part hereof.
By: ..... Schnars
.. .........................................................
(Print Name)

'(814) 899-2305____*** ... ............ ............ T.ow.n.sh i LD.. t ion.. Commi.s.s.i.o.ne.r.
. ... . ..... ........
Te lep hone No. of Applicant (Signature and Title)

864 Silliman Ave.
...........................................................................
(Address)

Erie, PA 16511
...........................................................................

CHECK ONE:

0 Privately Owned Partnership
El Corporation FA Government Agency

If privately owned, the individual owner must sign. One
or more members authorized to sign on behalf of an en-
tire partnership must sign. For a corporation, signatures
of the president, vice president or other responsible of-
SEAL: ficial must sign and affix the corporate seal. For political
subdivisions, we require signatures of the chief officer
or officers, or other responsible officials empowered to
sign for the political subdivision with the seal af fixed and
WITNESS: attested by the clerk.

If a fictitious name entity, are you registered with the Pennsylvania Department of State? 1-1 Yes F-1 No

Effective September 27, 1980, all applications for permits, except those submitted by federal, state, county
or municipal agencies, must be accompanied by a check payable to "Commonwealth of Pennsylvania" in
accordance with the following schedule:

Dams Water Obstructions and Encroachments

*Class A $200 Bridges Over 15 foot Span $100
Class B $200 Enclosures $100
Class C $ 50 Channel Changes $100
Commercial Dredging $100
All Others $ 50

A single application may be submitted or a single permit may be issued for multiple structures and activities
which are part of a single project or facility or part of related projects and facilities, located in a single coun-
ty, constructed, operated, or maintained by the same person or persons. Where a single application covers
multiple structures or activities other than a single structure and related maintenance dredging, the applica-
tion fee shall be the sum of fees set forth above for the applicable structures and activities but shall not
exceed $600. All stream crossings located withn a single county for the installation of a public service line
shall be treated as a single structure or activity.

Duplicate applications with duplicate set of plans shall be submitted to Department of Environmental Resources,
Bureau of Dams and Waterway Management, P. 0. Box 2357, Harrisburg, PA 17120.

This application, together with all maps, plans, profiles and specifications, and all papers, information and
data filed in connection therewith, will remain on file in the Department.

*Based on size classification as defined in � 105.91 of Chapter 105, Rules and Regulations.

CONSNUC-11UN WS1 ESIDIAIL
Proposed Shoreline Emprovements
Lakeside Recreation Area
Lawrence Park Township

Item Item Unit Quantity Unit Price Total Cost
No.

1 Boat Ramp C.Y. 60 175.00 10,500.00

2 15" Galvanized CMP L.F. 90 15.00 1,350.00

3 21" Galvanized CMP L.F. 82 22.00 1,804.00

4 42" Galvanized CMP L.F. 30 45.00 1,350.00

5 48" Reinforced Concrete Pipe L.F. 95 77.00 7,315.00

6 Grading & Backfilling C.Y. 280 8.00 2,240.00

7 Catch Basins EA. 3 1100.00 3,300.00

8 Rock Excavation C.Y. 75 30.00 2,250.00
Replacement of unstable
9 subgrade C.Y. 25 20.00 500.00

10 Wood Sheeting & Bracing MBF 1 1 660.00 660.00

11 Vault Type 1 EA. 1 Lump Sum 5,000.00

12 Vault Type 2 EA. I Lump Sum 3,500.00

13 Endwall EA. I Lump Sum 1,500.00

14 Rock Lined Channel L.F. 18 20.00 360.00

15 Precast Concrete Groin EA. I Lump Sum 15,000.00

16 Gravel Roadway S.Y. 275 15.00 4,125.00

17 Formula B Seeding S.Y. 260 4.00 1,040.00

18 Formula C Seeding S.Y. 400 12.00 4,800.00

Sijh Tntal 66,594.00

15% Contingency 9,989.00

76,583.00

7g gnn nn

Literature Cited

Chaney, Charles A., "Marinas, Recommendations for Design,
Construction and Maintenance", National Association of Engine
and Boat Manufacturer, Inc., New York, 1961.

Christensen, Monty I., "Park Planning Handbook", John Wiley
& Sons, Inc., New York, 1977.

Def. Quinn, Alonzo, "Design & Construction of Ports & Marine
Structures", McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, 1982.

Great Lakes Research Institute, "Shoreline Erosion and Flooding
Erie County", Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources,
Office of Resources Management, June, 1975.

Urban Engineers, Inc., "Lakeside Recreation Area Feasibility
and Design Study", Pennsylvania Department of Environmental
Resources, Office of Resources Management September, 1982.

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, "Low Cost Shore Protection...
a Guide for Engineers and Contractors", 1981.

U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration,
"Design Charts for Open-Channel Flow", Hydralic Design Series
No. 3, Washington D.C., 1973.

Yoder, E.J., "Principals of Pavement Design", John Wiley & Sons,
Inc., New York, 1959.

I
I
I
I
I
I
I PROPOSED
I SHORELINE IMPROVEMENTS
LAKESIDE RECREATION AREA
I PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INSTRUCTIONS TO BIDDERS

1@ Receipt of Bids

2. Preparation of Proposal

3. Separate Bids

4. Qualification of Bidder

5. Bid Security

6. Failure to Enter into Contract

7. Conditions of Work

8. Addenda and Interpretations

9. Security for Faithful Performance

10. Security for Labor and Materials

11. Power of Attorney

12. State Laws and Regulations

13. Lowest Qualified Bidder

14. Obligation of Bidder

15. Collusive Agreement

GENERAL CONDITIONS

1. Principals and Definitions

2. Drawings and Specifications

3. Progress Schedule

4. Drawings Furnished the Contractor

5. Ownership of Drawings and Models

6. Samples

7. Materials, Appliances, and Employees

8. Royalties and Patents

9. Permits and Regulations

10. Protection of Work and Property

11. Inspection of the Work

12. Foremen and Supervision

13. Interpretation

14. Changes in the Work

15. Claims for Extra Cost

16. Deductions for Uncorrected Work

17. Delays

18. Correction of Work Before Final Payment

19. Correction of Work After Final Payment

20. Owner's Right to do Work

21. Owner's Right to Terminate Contract

22. Contractor's Right to Stop Work or Terminate Contract

23. Payments

24. Payments Withheld

25. Responsibility

26. Insurance

27. Policies

28. Damages

29. Surety Bonds

30. Liens

31. Assignment

32. Mutual Responsibility of Contractors

33. Separate Contracts

34. Subcontracts

35. Disputes and Arbitrations

36. Use of Premises

37. Guarantees

38. Provisions not Applicable

39. Standard of Quality

40. Cleaning Up

41. Equal Employment Opportunity

42. Conflict of Interests

43. Pennsylvania Human Relations Act

44. Pennsylvania Prevailing Wage Act and/or Davis Bacon Act

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

Section 1.0 General
1.1 Scope
1.2 Intent
1.3 Visit to the Site
1.4 Protection
1.5 Material and'Workmanship
1.6 Engineer Sole Judge of Quality and Suitability
1.7 Material Tests
1.8 Inspection
1.9 Permits
1.10 Utilities
1.11 Resetting
1.12 Payment

Section 3.0 Concrete Boat Launch Ramp
3.1 Work to be Included
3.2 Material
3.3 Removal of Existing Boat Launch Ramp
3.4 Excavation
3.5 Construction of Ramp
3.6 Forms
3.7 Placing and Finishing Concrete
3.8 Placing Concrete Under Water
3.9 Curing
3.10 Joints
3.11 Concrete Control Tests
3.12 Defective Concrete Work
3.13 Backfilling
3.14 Payment

Section 6.0 Storm Sewers
6.1 Work to be Included
6.2 Materials
6.3 Excavation
6.4 Joints
6.5 Laying of Pipe
6.6 Line and Grade
6.7 Backfill
6.8 Vaults
6.9 Rock Lined Channel
6.10 Endwall
6.11 Concrete Control Tests
6.12 Defective Concrete Work
6.13 Interferences
6.14 Grading
6.15 Payment

Section 8.0 Concrete Groin
8.1 Work to be Included
8.2 Materials
8.3 Excavation
8.4 Placing Precast Groin
8.5 Forms
8.6 Placing and Finished Concrete
8.7 Backfilling
8.8 Line and Grade
8.9 Interferences
8.10 Payment

Section 9.0 Gravel Roadway
9.1 Work to be Included
9.2 Excavation
9.3 Materials
9.4 Subgrade
9.5 Surface
9.6 Miscellaneous Work
9.7 Payment

Section 10.0 Landscaping
10.1 Work to be Included
10.2 Materials
10.3 Method of Construction
10.4 Seeding Dates
10.5 Measurement
10.6 Payment

Section 20.0 Clean up
20.1 General

Section 21.0 Final Inspection
21.1 General

INSTRUCTION TO BIDDERS

1. RECEIPT OF BIDS

The Township of Lawrence Park, Erie County, Pennsylvania,

herein the "Owner" invites bids on the attached hereto, all

blanks must be appropriately filled in. Bids shall be received

up to 4:00 P.M., at the office of the Township

Secretary, Mrs. Dolores Bendig, 864 Silliman Avenue, on week

days between the hours of 8:00 A.M. and 4:00 P.M., and will

be opened on at 7:00 P.M. at the second

floor of the Township Building 4102 Main Street, Lawrence Park

Township, Erie County, Pennsylvania, at which time they will be

opened and read aloud.

The envelope containing the bids must be sealed, addressed

to the Township Commissioners, Lawrence Park Twp., Erie Co., PA,

16511 and be designated as "Proposed Shoreline Improvements,

Lakeside Recreation Area, Lawrence Park Township, Erie Co., PA".

The Owner may consider informal any bid not prepared and

submitted in accordance with the provision hereof and may waive

any informalities in or reject any bid and all bids. Any bid

may be withdrawn prior to the above-scheduled time for the

opening of bids or authorized postponement thereof. Any bid

received after the time and date specified shall not be con-

sidered.

2. PREPARATION OF PROPOSAL

The contractor shall, in the preparation of his pro-
posal, take into account that he will be required to comply
with all requirements of the laws and implementing regula-
tions of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and of the United
States relating to human relations, equal opportunity and
non-discrimination in employment, and will pay to workmen
employed in the performance of the contract the wages to
which they may be entitled and, when required by law, not
less than the applicable prevailing wage rates as determined
for various crafts or classifications by the Pennsylvania
Secretary of Labor and Industry and/or the U.S. Secretary of
Labor for this locality in accordance with the Pennsylvania
Prevailing Wage Act 442 and/or the Davis-Bacon Act respectively
where applicable. The prevailing minimum wage predetermination
which may apply to this project are included in the Form of
Bid of these specifications.

Proposals must be submitted on the prescribed form, all
blank spaces for bid prices must be filled in, in ink, in both
words and figures, with the unit price for the item or the lump
sum for which the proposal is made.

All bids must be submitted in sealed envelopes, bearing
on the outside the name of the bidder, his address, and the
name of the project for which the bid is submitted. (if
forwarded by mail, the sealed envelope containing the pro-
posal, and marked as directed above, must be enclosed in
another envelope addressed as specified in the Proposal Form
preferably by Registered Mail.)

3. SEPARATE BIDS

All work included in the proposed project shall be in-
cluded in one single bid proposal, and will be awarded to
a single contractor.

4. QUALIFICATION OF BIDDER

The Owner may make such investigations as he deems nec-
essary to determine the ability of the bidder to perform the
work, and the bidder shall furnish to the owner all such infor-
mation and the data for this purpose as the Owner may request.
The Owner reserves the right to reject any bid if the evidence
submitted by or investigation of such bidder fails to satisfy
the obligations of the Contract and to complete the work con-
templated therein. Condition bids will not be accepted.

5. BID SECURITY

Each bid must be accompanied by cash, by certified check
of the bidder, or by a bid bond duly executed by the bidder
as Principal, and having as surety thereon a surety company
approved by the Owner, in the amount of 10% of the bid. Such
cash, checks, or bid bonds, will be returned to all except
the three lowest formal bidders, within three days after the
formal opening of bids, and the remaining cash, checks, or bid
bonds, will be returned to the three lowest bidders within
forty-eight (48) hours after the Owner and the accepted bidder
have executed the contract, or if no contract has been exe-
cuted, within sixty (60) days after the date of the opening of
bids, upon demand of the bidder at any time thereafter so long
as he has not been notified of the acceptance of his bid.

6. FAILURE TO ENTER INTO CONTRACT

The successful bidder, upon his failure or refusal to
execute and deliver the contract and bond required within ten
(10) days after he has received notice of the acceptance of
his bid, shall forfeit to the Owner, all liquidated damages for
such failure or refusal, the security deposited with his bid.

7. CONDITIONS OF WORK

Each bidder must inform himself fully of the conditions
relating to the construction and labor under which the work is
ncw being or will be performed. Failure to do so will not re-
lieve a successful bidder of his obligation to furnish all
material and labor necessary to carry out the provisions set
forth in his bid. Insofar as possible, the Contractor in the
carrying out of his work, must employ such methods or means
as will not cause any interruption of or interference with
the work of any other Contractor.

8. ADDENDA AND INTERPRETATIONS

No interpretation of the meaning of the plans, specifi-
cations or other contract documents will be made to any bidder
orally. Every request for such interpretation should be in
writing, addressed to Urban Engineers, Inc., 502 West 7th
Street, Erie, Pennsylvania, and to be given consideration must
be received at least five days prior to the date fixed for the
opening of bids. Any and all such interpretations and any
supplemental instructions will be in the form of written
addenda to the specifications, which if issued, will be mailed
by Registered Mail with return requested to all prospective
bidders (at the respective addresses furnished for such pur-
pose) not later than three (3) days prior to the date fixed
for the opening of bids. Failure of any bidder to receive
any addendum or interpretation shall not relieve any bidder
from any obligation under his bid submitted. All addenda so
issued shall become part of the contract documents.

9. SECURITY FOR FAITHFUL PERFORMANCE

If the amount of the accepted bid is less than $5,000,
the successful bidder shall furnish to the Owner, a performance
bond at 50% of the contract amount conditioned upon the faith-
ful performance of the contract; which bond shall be solely
for the benefit of the owner, shall be in such form as may be
approved by the Owner, and shall have as surety thereon a
surety company legally authorized to do business in the
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Said bond shall be furnished
before any contract is awarded.

If the amount of the accepted bid is more than $5,000,
the performance bond shall be at 100% of the contract amount.

10. SECURITY FOR PAYMENT OF LABOR AND MATERIAL

The successful bidder shall furnish to the Owner an addi-
tional payment bond at one hundred percent (100%) of the con-
tract amount conditioned for the prompt payment of all material
furnished or labor supplied or performed in the prosecution of
the work; which bond shall be solely for the protection of
claimants supplying labor or materials, shall be in such form
as may be approved by the owner, and shall have as surety there-
on a surety company legally authorized to do business in the
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Said bond shall be furnished
before any contract is awarded.

11. POWER OF ATTORNEY

Attorneys-in-fact who sign bid bonds or contract bonds
must file with each bond a certified copy of their power of
attorney, to sign said bonds.

12. STATE LAWS AND REGULATIONS

The bidder's attention is directed to the fact that all
applicable State and Municipal Laws, and rules and regulations
of all authorities having jurisdiction over construction work
in the locality of the project, shall apply to the contract
throughout, and they are deemed to be included herein the
same as though written out in full.

13. LOWEST QUALIFIED BIDDER

Bids will be compared on the basis of the lowest total
amount for the various items of work at the bid unit prices
for the quantities of work indicated in the proposal, or such
revised amount of work for which an award is made by the Owner.

14. OBLIGATION OF BIDDER

At the time of the opening of bids, each bidder will be
presumed to have inspected the site of the proposed work, the
existing structures, and to have read and to be thoroughly
familiar with the Plans and Contract Documents (including all
addenda). The failure or omission of any bidder to receive
or examine any form, instrument or document, shall in no way
relieve any bidder from any obligation in respect to his bid.

15. COLLUSIVE AGREEMENT

Each bidder submitting a bid for any portion of the work
contemplated by these documents does declare by the submission
thereof that he has not entered into a collusive agreement
with any person, firm, or corporation in regard to any bid
submitted.

GENERAL CONDITIONS

Pri cipals and Definitions

a. Contract Documents. The Contract Documents consist
of the Agreement, Instructions to Bidders, General
Conditions, the Drawings and the Specifications,
Special Conditions and the inclusion of all modifi-'
cations thereof incorporated in the documents before
their execution.

b. Owner. The person, persons, company, municipality,
etc., designated as such in Section No. 1 of Instruc-
tions to Bidders.
C. Engineer. Urban Engineers, Inc., 502 West 7th
Street, Erie, Pennsylvania 16502.

d. Contractor. The person or persons who have contract-
ed for the erection and completion of the work with
the Owner.

e. Subcontractor. The person or persons having a direct
contract w! the Contractor, and includes one who
furnished material worked to a special design accord-
ing to plans and specifications of this work, but
does not include one who merely furnished materials
not so worked.

f. Written Notice. Written notice shall be deemed to
have been duly served if delivered in person to the
individual or to a member of the firm or to an offi-
cer of the corporation for whom it is intended, or
if delivered at or mailed to the last business address
known to him who gives the notice.

9- Work. Work includes labor or materials or both.

h. Completion. Full and exact compliance with the pro-
visions and requirements expressed or implied in
these specifications and the drawings.

i. Best. The first grade or quality of the materials
specified.

j. Approved or Equal When the words "approved", "sat-
isfactory","or equal", "proper","as directed", etc.,
are used, approval, etc., by the Engineer is under-
stood.

k. Time Limits. All time limits stated in the contract
documents are of the essence of the contract. The
Laws of Pennsylvania shall govern the construction
of this Contract.

GC-l

2. Drawings and Specifications

The Contract Documents shall be signed in duplicate by
the Owner and the Contractor. In case the Owner and the
Contractor fail to sign the General Conditions, Special Condi-
tions, Drawings or Specifications, the Engineer shall identify
them.

The Contract Documents are complementary, and what is
called for by any one shall be as binding as if called for by
all. The intention of the documents is to include all labor
and materials, equipment and transportation necessary for the
proper execution of the work. It is not intended, however,
that materials or work not covered by or properly inferable
from any heading, branch, class or trade of the specifications
shall be supplied unless distinctly so noted on the drawings.
Materials or work described in words which so applied have a
well-known technical or trade meaning shall be held to refer
to such recognized standards.

Additional instructions, if necessary for the proper
execution of the work, will be furnished, same to be consistent
with the true developments of these specifications and the
drawings, and reasonably inferable therefrom.

3. Progress Schedule

Within Ten (10) days of the award of a contract, as
evidenced by the date-gp-pearing on the Agreement, the General
Contractor shall submit to the Owner a progress schedule, in
form approved by the Engineer, showing the proposed schedule
for the work. The schedule shall be in the form of a bar graph,
showing the beginning dates and the completion dates of the
various elements covered by the contract.

This schedule shall be reviewed from time to time during
the prosecution of the work by the Owner; the Engineer and the
General Contractor, and shall be revised as mutually agreed
upon to reflect a realistic expectation of the progress of the
work.

4. Drawings Furnished the Contractor

The Engineer will furnish the Contractor two (2) complete
sets of contract drawings and specifications.

The Contractor will keep one copy of all drawings and spe-
cifications on the work in good order, available to the Owner
and to its representative. Additional sets of drawings desired
by the Contractor will be furnished to him at cost.

GC-2

5. ownership of Drawings and Models

All drawings, specifications and models furnished by
the Engineer are his property. They are not to be used on
other work and, with the exception of the signed contract
set, are to be returned to him on request, upon completion
of the work.

6. Samples

The Contractor shall furnish for approval all samples
as directed. The work shall be in accordance with approved
samples.

7. Materials, Appliances, and Employees

Unless otherwise stipulated, the Contractor shall provide
and pay for all materials, labor, water, tools, equipment,
light, power and temporary heatnecessary for the execution
of the work.

The Contractor shall furnish all necessary transportation,
scaffolding, centering, forms and mechanical appliances, and
all other means, materials and supplies for properly prosecuting
his work, unless otherwise expressly specified.

The Contractor shall not employ on the work any unfit
person or anyone not skilled in the work assigned to him.

S. Royalties and Patents

The Contractor shall pay all royalties and license fees.
He shall defend all suits or claims for infringement of any
patent rights and shall save the Owner harmless from loss on
account thereof.

9. Permits and Regulations

The Contractor shall obtain and pay for all permits and
licenses, and shall give all notices, pay foi all fees and
comply with all laws, ordinances, rules and regulations bear-
ing on the work.

GC-3

10. Protection of Work and Property

The Contractor shall continuously maintain adequate pro-
tection of all his work from damage and shall protect the
owner's property from injury or loss arising in connection with
this Contract. He shall make good any such damage, injury or
loss, except such as may be directly due to errors in the
Contract Documents or caused by agents or employees of the
Owner. He shall adequately protect adjacent property as pro-
vided by Law and the Contract Documents.

The Contractor shall take all necessary precautions for
the safety of employees on the work, and shall comply with
all applicable provisions of Federal, State and Municipal
safety laws and building codes to prevent accidents or injury
to persons on, about or adjacent to the premises where the
work is being performed. He shall erect and properly maintain
at all times, as required by the conditions and progress of
the work, all necessary safeguards for the protection of work-
men and the public, and shall post danger signs warning against
the hazards created by such features of construction as pro-
truding nails, bad hoists, well holes, elevator hatchways,
scaffolding, window openings, stairways and falling materials;
and he shall designate a responsible member of his organization
on the work whose duty shall be the prevention of accidents.
The name and position of the person so designated shall be re-
ported to the Engineer by the Contractor.

Special attention -is called to rules and regulations of
the Occupational Safety and Health Administration which apply
to this type of construction.

In an emergency affecting the safety of life or of the
work or of adjoining property, the Contractor, without special
instructions or authorization from the Engineer or Owner, is
hereby permitted to act, at his discretion, to prevent such
threatened loss or injury, and he shall so act, without appeal,
if so instructed or authorized. Any compensation claimed by
the Contractor on account of emergency work shall be deter-
mined by agreement or arbitration.

11. Inspection of the Work

The Owner and his representative shall at all times have
access to the work wherever it is in preparation or progress,
and the Contractor shall provide proper facilities for such
access and for inspection.

Re-examination of questioned work may be ordered by the
Engineer, and if so ordered -- the work must be uncovered by
the Contractor. If such work be found in accordance with the
Contract Document, the owner shall pay the cost of re-examination
and replacement. If such work be found not in accordance with
the Contract Documents, the Contractor shall pay such cost.

GC-4

12. Foremen and Supervision

The Contractor shall keep on his work a competent super-
intendent and any necessary assistants, all satisfactory to
the Engineer. The superintendent shall not be changed except
with the consent of the Engineer, unless the superintendent
proves to be unsatisfactory to the Contractor and ceases to
be in his employ. The superintendent shall represent the
Contractor in his absence, and all directions given to him
shall be as binding as if given to the Contractor. Important
directions shall be confirmed in writing to the Contractor;
other directions shall be so confirmed on written request in
each case.

The Contractor shall give efficient supervision of the
work, using his best skill and attention. He shall carefully
study and compare all drawings, specifications and other in-
structions, and shall report at once to the Engineer any error,
inconsistency or omission which he may discover.

13. Interpretation

Reference shall be made to the drawings for all measure-
ments. Any discrepancy shall at once be reported to the
Engineer. Should it appear that work intended to be described
or shown is not sufficiently explained in these specifications
or the drawings, the Contractor shall apply to the Engineer
for additional explanation or drawings which may be necessary.,
and shall conform to same so far as they shall be consistent
with the true development of these specifications or drawings.
In no case shall a bid be submitted or any work proceeded
with an uncertainty.

The Engineer shall, within a reasonable time, make deci-
sions on all claims of the Contractor and all other matters
relating to the execution and progress of the work or inter-
pretation of the specifications and drawings.

14. Changes in the Work

The Owner, without invalidating the Contract, may make
changes by altering, adding to or deducting from the work,
the contract sum being adjusted accordingly. All such work
shall. be executed under the conditions of the original contract,
except that any claim for extension of time caused thereby
shall be adjusted at the time of ordering such change.

No change shall be made unless in pursuance of a written
order from the owner signed by the Engineer, and no claim for
an addition to the contract sum shall be valid unless so
ordered.

GC-5

15. Claims for Extra Cost

If the Contractor claims that any instructions by draw-
ings or otherwise involve extra cost under his contract, he
shall give the Engineer written notice thereof within a reason-
able time after the receipt of such instructions, and in any
event, before proceeding to execute the work, except in emer-
gency endangering life or property. No such claims shall be
valid unless so made.

16. Deductions for Uncorrected Work

If the Engineer and owner deem it inexpedient to correct
work injured or done not in accordance with the Contract, an
equitable deduction from the contract price shall be made
therefor.

17. Delays

If the Contractor be delayed in the completion of the
work by any act or neglect of the Owner or of any employee of
the Owner or by any other contractor employed by the owner or
by changes ordered in the work or by strikes, lockouts, fire,
unusual delay by common carriers, unavoidable casualties or
by any causes beyond the Contractor's control, or by delay
authorized by the Engineer pending arbitration, or by any cause
which the Engineer shall decide to justify the delay, then the
time of completion shall be extended for such reasonable time
as the Engineer may decide.

18. Correction of Work Before Final Payment

The Contractor shall promptly remove from the premises
all materials condemned by the Engineer as failing to conform
to the Contract, whether incorporated in the work or not, and
the Contractor shall promptly replace and re-execute his own
work in accordance with the Contract and without expenses to
the Owner, and shall bear the expense of making good all work
of other contractors destroyed or damaged by such removal or
replacement.

If the Contractor does not remove such condemned work and
materials within a reasonable time, fixed by written notice,
the Owner may remove them and may store the material at the
expense of the Contractor. If the Contractor does not pay the
expenses of such removal within ten days' time thereafter, the
Owner may, upon ten days' written notice, sell such materials
at auction or at private sale and.shall account for the net
proceeds thereof, after deducting all the costs and expenses
that should have been borne by the Contractor.

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19. Correction of Work after Final Payment

Neither the final certificate nor payment for any provi-
sion in the Contract Documents shall relieve the Contractor
of responsibility for faulty materials or workmanship, and he
shall remedy any defects due thereto and pay for any damage
to other work resulting therefrom which shall appear within a
period of one year from date of final payment on the contract.
The Owner shall give notice of observed defects with reason-
able promptness.

20. Owner's Right to do Work

If the Contractor should neglect to prosecute the work
properly or fail to perform any provision of this contract,
the Owner, after three days' written notice to the Contractor,
may, without prejudice to any other remedy he may have, make
good such deficiencies and may deduct the cost thereof from
the payment then or thereafter due the contractor; provided
however, that the Engineer shall approve both such action and
the amount charged the Contractor.

21. Owner's Right to Terminate Contract

If the Contractor should be adjudged a bankrupt, or if
he should make a general assignment for the benefit of his
creditors, or if a receiver should be appointed on account of
his insolvency, or if he should persistently or repeatedly
refuse or should fail, except in cases for which extension of
time is provided, to supply enough properly skilled workmen
or proper materials, or if he should fail to make prompt pay-
ment to sub-contractors or for material or labor, or persist-
ently disregard laws, ordinances of the instructions of the
Engineer, or otherwise be guilty of a substantial violation of
any provision of the Contract, then the Owner, upon the certi-
ficate of the Engineer that sufficient cause exists to justify
such action, may, without prejudice to any other right or
remedy and after giving the Contractor seven days' written
notice, terminate the employment of the Contractor and take
possession of the premises and of all materials, tools and
appliances thereon and finish the work by whatever method the
Owner may deem expedient. In such cases the Contractor shall
not be entitled to receive any further payment until the work
is finished. If the expense shall exceed such unpaid balance,
the Contractor shall pay the difference to the Owner. The
expense incurred by the Owner as herein provided and the damage
incurred through the Contractor's default shall be certified
by the Engineer.

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22. Contractor's Right to Stop Work or Terminate Contract

If the work should be stopped under an order of any court,
or other public authority, for a period of three months,
through no act or fault of the Contractor or of anyone em-
ployed by him, or if the Engineer should fail to issue any
certificate for payment within seven days after it is due, or
if the owner should fail to pay to the Contractor within seven
days of its matqrity and presentation, any sum certified by
the Engineer or awarded by arbitration, then the Contractor
may upon seven days' written notice to the Owner and Engineer,
stop work or terminate this contract and'recover from the
Owner payment for all work executed and any loss sustained
upon any plant or materials and reasonable profit and damages.

23. Payments

Payment on account of contracts will be made monthly as
the work progresses. All payments will be made by check on
the owner's depository. The Contractor shall submit to the
Engineer detailed estimates in triplicate for each payment and
if required, receipts or other vouchers showing his payments
to sub-contractors. The Contractor shall, before the first
application for payment, submit to the Engineer a schedule of
values of the various parts of the work including quantities,
aggregating the total sum of the contract, divided so as to
facilitate payments. This schedule when approved by the
Engineer, shall be used as a basis for payments on account.

Payments on account of materials, fixtures or apparatus
delivered on the premises for immediate use in the work may be
made at the discretion of the Engineer.

Ten Percent of each estimate will be retained until the
final acceptance of the work.

No payments on account of contract made-to the Contractor,
nor partial or entire use of occupancy of the work by the
Owner, shall be an acceptance of any work or materials previous
to the date of the final certificate. The final certificate
will constitute the acceptance of the work by the Engineer,
except as to work thereafter found to be defective.

24. Payments Withheld

The Engineer may withhold or, on account of subsequently
discovered evidence, nullify the whole or part of any estimate
for payment to such extent as may be necessary to protect the
owner from loss on account of defective work not remedied;
failure of Contractor to make payments properly to sub-contract-
ors or for material or labor; a reasonable doubt that the con-
tract can be completed for the balance then unpaid.

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Should the Contractor fail to promptly pay all sums of
money which may be due for any material furnished and labor
supplied or performed in the prosecution of the work required
under this contract, whether or not the material or labor
enter into and become component parts of the work, then the
Owner may pay said moneys and deduct the amounts so paid from
the payment then or thereafter due the Contractor.

25. Responsibility

The Contractor hereby assumes the obligation to save
the Owner harmless and indemnify the owner from every expense,
liability or payment (voluntary payments excepted) by reason
of any in3ury to any persons including death suffered through
any act or omission of the Contractor or anyone employed by
him, in the prosecution of the work.

It shall be the responsibility of the Contractor to per-
form all work in compliance with all Federal, State, and
local laws, regulations and codes. Special attention is
called to the requirements of the Davis-Bacon Act, the Cope-
land Act, etc. as they pertain to this Contract.

It is hereby understood that all materials, fixtures and
apparatus at the site of the work are in the custody and under
the full responsibility of the Contractor up to the time the
work is accepted as completed.

26. Insurances

The Contractor shall maintain at his expense such cover-
ages as will protect the Owner and Contractor from any and all
Public Liability, Property Damage, Employer's Liability and/or
Workman's Compensation claims for damages to property and/or
personal injury, including death, which may arise from operations
under this contract, whether such operations by the contractor
or by any subcontractors or anyone directly or indirectly em-
ployed by either or them.

27. Policies (Insurance)

The Contractor before starting any work, shall file with
the Engineer, subject to approval of the Owner, policies and/
or certificates of insurance issued by Insurance Companies
approved by the owner and admitted to do business in the State
where the operations for the owner are to be carried on as
follows:

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MANUFACTURER'S OR CONTRACTOR'S LIABILITY