[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]




                                 United States                 Office of Research and       EPA/600/R-96/052
                                 Environmental Protection      Development                  May 1996
                                 Agency                        Washington DC 20460
                                 100ro c eew', di n g
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                                 Delmarva's Coastal Eos'ay
                                 Watersheds,,
                                            &IN
                                 Not        IYet Up the Creek

                                 A Conference on
                                 E  colog, and Econom
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                                 March 8-9, 1996
                                 Ocean City, MD


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                                                                                  EPA/600/R-96/052
                                                                                           May 1996
                                           Proceedings

                               Delmarva's Coastal Bay
                                          Watersheds:
                                  Not Yet Up The Creek

                               A Conference on Ecology
                                           and Economy

                                                     Edited by

                       I(imberly Beidler,* Patricia Gant," Marsha Ramsay* and Gwynne Schultz'

                                                *JACA Corporation
                                               Fort Washington, PA

                                      "U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                                               Annapolis, MD 21401

                                            *Assateague Coastal Trust
                                                 Berlin, MD 21811

                                    "Maryland Department of Natural Resources
                                               Annapolis, MD 21401


                                                 March 8-9, 1996
                                                  Ocean City, MD


                                   United States Environmental Protection Agency
                                     National Health and Environmental Effects
                                               Research Laboratory
                                              Atlantic Ecology Division
                                                 27 Tarzwell Drive
                                             Narrangansett, RI 02882





                                                                                   Printed on Reqvied Paper













                                                             ABSTRACT




                    On March 8-9 1996, 269 people attended the Delmarva Coastal Bay Watersheds Conference in
                Ocean City, Maryland. The purpose of the conference was to provide a forum for citizens, elected
                and appointed officials and other decisionmakers, and special interest representatives to discuss the
                economic and environmental state of the Delmarva coastal watersheds and to determine further
                continuing actions and activities. The design of the conference provided a unique opportunity for
                citizens in the Delmarva region to express their ideas and to apply their collective wisdom to begin
                to formulate strategies that will integrate economic, environmental, scientific and social considerations
                toward achieving a sustainable future.

                    The conference goals were:

                    1. To promote the concept of balancing economic well being and environmental protection and
                        demonstrate why we should care about the coastal bays and their watersheds.

                    2.  To encourage and secure stakeholder involvement.

                    3.  To hear about and share local perspectives on the coastal bays and their watersheds.

                    4.  To impart scientific information about the coastal bays and their watersheds.

                    5.  To inform participants about the National Estuary Program and other models as vehicles for
                        problem solving.

                    6.  To help launch Maryland's National Estuary Program (NEP).

                    7.  To help Delaware's Center for the Inland Bays increase public involvement.
                    8.  To transfer lessons and encourage Virginia's participation in a Delmarva c6astal bays
                        coalition.

                    9.  To use     a conference report/summary to help communicate stakeholder views to
                        decisionmakers.


                    10. To establish next steps: Where do we go from here?
                    It was understood that these goals were very ambitious and that this conference wo@@Jd open the
                door to future conferences, meetings and workshops - locally, Delmarva-wide and state-by-state.
                Future activities are now being determined in large part by citizen input to a pr@,-conference
                questionnaire (see page 28), by the 83 (31 percent) evaluation forms that were turn@:d in at the
                conference (see Appendix B), and the questions raised during the conference (see App6dix Q.


                Page H                                           DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 192 Conference














                                                    PREFACE




           The appropriate citation for this report is:

           Beidler, K., P. Gant, M. Ramsay, and G. Schultz, 1996. Proceedings - Delmarva's Coastal Bay
              Watersheds: Not Yet Up the Creek. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and
              Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division, Narrangansett, RI.
              EPA/600/R-95/052.


           This report is AED Contribution Number 1787.





































           DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference                                      Page iii














                                                                     ACKNOWLEDGMENTS




                       AGENDA PLANNING COMMITTEE


                       Dr. Warren Flint, The Eastern Shore Institute

                       Rick Johnstone, Delmarva Power

                       Dr. Frederick Kutz, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

                       Dr. Kent Price, Delaware Center for the Inland Bays

                       Marsha Ramsay, Assateague Coastal Trust

                       Gwynne Schultz, Maryland Department of Natural Resources



                       CONFERENCE DONORS
                       [WHO Delmarva Power and Light
                             m 1--u-1 L-2 r

                           Of MAA
                     All                       Maryland Department of Natural Resources
                                               (thro gh grants from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
                                               and the U     .
                                                              S. Environmental Protection Agency)



                            am                 This conference and proceedings were funded in part by the Coastal Zone
                                               Management Program of the Maryland Department of Natural Resources pursuant
                                               to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Award No. NA470ZO 132.
                                               The views expressed here are those of the presenters and do not necessarily reflect
                             e (Oaf            those of the sponsoring agencies.


                       Northampton County, VA

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                       Page iv                                                           DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference






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                  DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference                                                                       Page v













                                                      CONTENTS


                ABSTRACT      ......................................................                       ii

                PREFACE     .......................................................                       iii

                ACKNOWLEDGMENTS             ............................................                  iv


                AGENDA      ........................................................                       I


                MAP OF DELMARVA PENINSULA              .....................................               5


                INTRODUCTORY REMARKS


                       Call to Order and Introductions, Marsha Ramsay, President,
                       Assateague Coastal Trust  .........................................                 6

                       Welcome, James Barrett, President, Board of Worcester
                       County Commissioners     ..........................................                 8

                       Opening Remarks and Introduction of Keynote Speaker,
                       W. Michael McCabe, Regional Administrator, EPA Region III      ...............      9

                PRESENTATIONS


                       A Framework for Theory and Practice in Landscape
                       Planning: Alternative Futures for Monroe County,
                       Dr. Carl Steinitz, Alexander and Victoria Wiley
                       Professor of Landscape Architecture and Planning,
                       Harvard Graduate School of Design (Presented by
                       Madis Pihlak Department of Horticulture and
                       Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland)  .......................           I I

                       Panel Discussion: Changing Conditions in the
                       Delmarva Coastal Bay Watersheds: Linking People,
                       Economics, and Environment

                              Sussex County, DE, Robert Stickels, Sussex
                              County Administrator, Sussex County, DE   .......................           14

                              Worcester County, MD, Phil Hager,
                              Worcester County Planning Department    .........................           20


                Page A                                    DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference








                            Accomack-Northampton Planning District
                            Commission, James McGowan, Planner        .........................           25

                    Report on Pre-Conf6rence Questionnaire on Public
                    Perceptions, James M. Falk University of Delaware,
                    Sea Grant Marine Advisory Service     .................................               28

                    Sustainable Development: A Framework for a
                    New Century, Peggy Duxbury, President's
                    Council on Sustainable Development      ................................              32

                    Report on Breakout Groups to Develop a
                    Common Vision for Achieving Both Healthy
                    Economy and Environment, Focusing on
                    Specific Coastal Issues   .........................................                   36

                    State of Maryland Remarks, Verna Harrison, Assistant
                    Secretary, Maryland Department of Natural Resources      ....................         45

                    Panel Discussion: What is the Environmental and Economic
                    Status of the Coastal Bays and Their Watersheds?

                            Environmental Health of the Delmarva Coastal
                            Bays and Their Watersheds, Dr. Frederick Kutz,
                            ORD Regional Scientist, EPA Region X       ........................           46

                            Economic Status of Fisheries and Aquaculture,
                            John Dunnigan, Executive Director, Atlantic
                            States Marine Fisheries Commission     ...........................            53


                            Delmarva's Tourism Industry, Lisa Challenger,
                            Worcester Tourism    .......................................                  56


                            Agriculture and Forestry, John Tarburton,
                            Secretary, Delaware Department of Agriculture      ...................        58

                            Question and Answer Session     ................................              60

                    Panel Discussion: Models for Addressing Coastal Bays
                    Issues: Where do We Go from Here?


                            Regional Perspectives on Coastal Bays
                            Issues, W Michael McCabe, Regional Administrator,
                            EPA Region III    .........................................                   63





             DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference                                       Page A







                              National Estuary Program in Maryland,
                              Guynne Schultz, Director, Coastal Zone Management
                              Division, Maryland Department of Natural Resources       ...............      65

                              Delaware Center for the Inland Bays,
                              Dr. Bruce Richards, Executive Director,
                              and Dr. Kent Price, Chair    ..................................               67

                              Virginia's Approach to Sustainability: Balancing
                              Environment and Economy, Dr. Warren Flint, Executive
                              Director, The Eastern Shore Institute  ...........................            70

                       Report on Breakout Groups to Discuss Models and Their
                       Applications to State and Local Strategies   ............................            76

                       Full Conference Discussion on Issues and Strategies
                       Best Addressed by a Delmarva-Wide Approach        ........................           81

                       Conference Follow Up, W. Michael McCabe, Regional Administrator,
                       EPA Region III    ..............................................                     83

               APPENDIX A - Delmarva Coastal Bays Conference Participants         ..................        85

               APPENDIX B - Conference Evaluation Form         ...............................              98

               APPENDIX C - Remaining Questions        ...................................                  100


























               Page viii                                   DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference














                                                        AGENDA


                                      Delmarva's Coastal Bay Watersheds:
                                              Not Yet "Up The Creek"

                                     A Conference on Ecology and Economy

                                                     March 8-9, 1996
                                                     Carousel Hotel
                                                    Ocean City, N4D



            Friday, March 8th

            12:30   Registration

            12:55   Call to Order and Introductions: Marsha Ramsay, President, Assateague Coastal Trust

            1:00    Welcome: Roland "Fish" Powell, Mayor, Ocean City and James Barrett, President, Board
                    of Worcester County Commissioners

            1:05    Remarks and Introduction of Keynote Speaker: W. Michael McCabe, EPA Regional
                    Administrator


            1:10    A Frameworkfor Landscape Planning: Alternative Futuresfor Monroe County, PA: Dr. Carl
                    Steinitz, Alexander and Victoria Wiley Professor of Landscape Architecture
                    and Planning, Harvard Graduate School of Design

            2:00    PANEL DISCUSSION: CHANGING CONDITIONS IN THE DELMARVA COASTAL BAY
                    WATERSHEDS: LINKING PEOPLE, ECONOMICS AND ENVIRONMENT

                    Facilitator: Dr. Kent Price, Chair, Center for the Inland Bays

                    Worcester County, MD: Phil Hager, Worcester County Planning Department

                    Sussex County, DE: Robert Stickels, Sussex County Administrator

                    Accomack-Northampton Planning District Commission: James McGowan, Planner

            2:45    Discussion Facilitator: Dr. Kent Price





            DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference                                              Page 1








                  3:00 WHAT DO STAKEHOLDERS PERCEIVE AS THE MOST CHALLENGING
                           ECONOMIC/ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES?


                           Facilitator: Marsha Ramsay, Assateague Coastal Trust

                           ï¿½ Report on Pre-Conference Questionnaire on Public Perceptions: James M. Falk,
                             University of Delaware, Sea Grant Marine Advisory Service

                           ï¿½ Breakout Groups to Develop a Common Vision for Achieving Both Healthy Economy and
                             Environment, Focusing on Specific Coastal Issues:

                             1. Tourism and Recreation
                             2. Residential Growth and Development
                             3. Fisheries, Shellfisheries, Aquaculture
                             4. Agriculture: Poultry, Crops and Forestry

                             Facilitators and Recorders:


                             Dr. David Goshorn                   Eric Walbeck
                             Kathleen Ellett                     Stacey Marek
                             Carl Zimmerman                      Abigail Lambert
                             Ilia Feher                          Vivian Newman
                             Jeanne Lynch                        Pat Campbell-White
                             Grace Pierce-Beck                   Phil Hager

                  5:30     BUFFET DINNER


                  6:15     SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: A BALANCING ACT


                           Introduction of Guest Speaker: Dr. Warren Flint, Executive Director, The Eastern Shore
                           Institute


                           Sustainable Development: A Frameworkfor a New Century Molly Harriss Olson, Executive
                           Director, President's Council on Sustainable Development

                           Discussion Facilitator: Dr. Warren Flint


                  7:00     REPORTS FROM BREAKOUT GROUPS


                           Facilitator: Marsha Ramsay

                  8:00     SOCIAL HOUR AND EXHIBITS











                  Page 2                                         DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference








             Saturday, March 9th

             8:30    Coffee/Refreshments


             8:45    RECAP OF FRIDAY: Geraldine Bachman, Executive Director, Lower Eastern Shore
                     Heritage Committee

             9:00    WHAT IS THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC STATUS OF THE COASTAL
                     BAYS AND THEIR WATERSHEDS?


                     Facilitator: Gwynne Schultz, Director, Coastal Zone Management Division, MD Department
                     of Natural Resources


                     Environmental Health of the Delmarva Coastal Bays and Their Watersheds: Dr. Frederick
                     Kutz, EPA Region III

                     Resource Experts: Dr. Rob Magnien, MD DNR; Dr. Kent Price, U DE; John Maxted,
                     DNREC; Barry Truitt, The Nature Conservancy; Dr. Rich Eskin, MDE

                     Economic Status ofFisheries and Aquaculture: John Dunnigan, Executive Director, Atlantic
                     States Marine Fisheries Commission


                     Resource Experts: Michael Pierson, Cherrystone Aquafarms; Bruce McGuigan, Captain
                     Mack's Bait and Tackle; Tom Smith, commercial fisherman; Jim Casey, MD
                     DNR; Steve Beaston, Beaston Marina; Mark Homer, MD DNR

                     Delmarva's Tourism Industry: Lisa Challenger, Worcester Tourism

                     Resource Experts: Jim Falk, U DE; John Schroer, Chincoteague National Wildlife Refuge;
                     Mark Koenings, Assateague Island National Seashore

                     Agriculture andForestry: John Tarburton, Secretary, DE Department of Agriculture

                     Resource Experts: Bill Safterfield, DPI; W. Simpson Dunahoo, poultry farmer; Sam Dyke,
                     Glatfelter Pulpwood; Chris Lewis, Lower Shore Land Trust

             9:55    Break to Develop Questions

             10:10   Discussion Facilitator: Gwynne Schultz

             11:00   MODELS FOR ADDRESSING COASTAL BAYS ISSUES: WHERE DO WE GO FROM
                     HERE?


                     Facilitator: Rick Johnstone, Delmarva Power

                     Regional Perspectives on Coastal Bays Issues: W. Michael McCabe, Administrator, EPA
                     Region III




             DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference                                           Page 3








                         National Estuary Program in Maryland: Gwynne Schultz, Director, Coastal Zone
                         Management Division, Maryland Department of Natural Resources

                         Delaware Centerfor the Inland Bays: Dr. Bruce Richards, Executive Director, and Dr. Kent
                         Price, Chair

                         Virginia's Regional Approach to Sustainability Balancing Environment and Economy: Dr.
                         Warren Flint, Executive Director, The Eastern Shore Institute


                 12:15   BREAKOUT GROUPS TO DISCUSS MODELS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS TO STATE
                         AND LOCAL STRATEGIES:


                         (AFTER PICKING UP BOX LUNCHES)

                         Maryland- Facilitator: Gwynne Schultz

                         Delaware: Facilitator: Dr. Bruce Richards


                         Virginia: Facilitator: Dr. Warren Flint


                 1:20    FULL CONFERENCE RECONVENES TO IDENTIFY ISSUES AND STRATEGIES BEST
                         ADDRESSED BY A DELMARVA-WIDE APPROACH


                         Facilitator: Rick Johnstone


                 2:15    CONFERENCE FOLLOW UP: Michael McCabe





                         PRESS CONFERENCE


                         All officials are invited to participate with conference planning subcommittee.





















                 Page 4                                       DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference








                                MAJOR WATERSHEDS AND BAYS OF THE
                          DELMARVA PENINSULA'S ATLANTIC COASTLINE




                                                                                                        Delaware Inland
                                                                                                        Says Watershed


                                                                                                        Maryland Coastal


                                                                                                        Vlrglnla Eastern Shore
                                         SU330X CO.                                                     Atlantic Watershed

                                                                          Delaware
                                                    M@PPP @P;
                                                                          Inland Bays
                                                         R.      .,;;%P.


                                                                     %  %










                                            Worcester Co.


                                                                      Maryland
                                                                      Coastal Boys









                    Accomack Co.
                                                                                            N





                                                                                            S





                                           Virginia Eastern Shore
                                    to     Coastal Bays Complex




                                     Northampton Co.







            DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference                                                Page 5,














                                         CALL TO ORDER AND INTRODUCTIONS


                                                              Marsha Ramsay
                                                President, Assateague Coastal Trust




                      On behalf of the 30 sponsors of this                       and its Science and Technical Advisory
                   conference, welcome.         I hope everyone is               Committee.
                   wearing a name tag so that we can become                     eGwynne Schultz is Director of the Coastal
                   familiar with one another - and it's our meal                 Zone Management Division at the Maryland
                   ticket.                                                       Department of Natural Resources, and is
                                                                                 responsible for the start up of Maryland's
                      Please take a moment to look in your packets               National Estuary Program.
                   to find the list of attendees. Those people with       '
                   asterisks next to their names represent our                  Ialso want to thank two Assateague Coastal
                   sponsors.                                                Trust members: Eric Walbeck, who handled
                                                                            conference registration and logistics, and Terry
                      I would like to introduce the members of the          Thompson, who coordinated the exhibits. Let's
                   agenda planning committee - those with double            also thank Nancy Howard for coordinating
                   asterisks - with whom since August I have                publicity.     Nancy is with the Maryland
                   been in constant communication to put this               Department of Natural Resources. And also,
                   conference together:                                     Kathy Ellett and Dave Goshom, both with the
                                                                            MD DNR.
                     ï¿½  Dr. Warren Flint, an ecology and coastal
                        ecosystem scientist and Executive Director              In your packets is a list of conference donors
                        of the Eastern Shore Institute.                     to whom we extend our heartfelt thanks. I
                     ï¿½  Dr. Rick Kutz, a scientist from EPA's               would also like to call your attention to the
                        Office of Research and Development                  evaluation form in your packets. Please fill
                        assigned to the Region III office in                them out and put them on the registration desk
                        Annapolis.                                          before you leave tomorrow. We really want to
                     ï¿½  Rick Johnstone, Supervisor of Forestry for          know how you feel about this conference and
                        Delmarva Power and Light Company,                   where you want to go from here.
                        serves on many state boards and public
                        interest groups, and chairs MD's Wicomico               This conference is a stakeholders' conference.
                        Forestry Board.                                     A   stakeholder is anyone and everyone who has
                     ï¿½  Dr. Kent Price is Associate Professor in the        an interest in, or cares about, the Delmarva
                        Graduate College of Marine Studies and              Coastal Bays Watershed area. The purpose of
                        Director of the Sea Grant Advisory Service          this conference is to provide a forum for all
                        at the University of Delaware. He chairs            stakeholders - citizens, elected and appointed
                        the Delaware Center for the Inland Bays             officials, and public and special interest
                                                                            representatives - to discuss the economic and



                   Page 6                                            DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference









           environmental state of the Delmarva Coastal Bay
           Watersheds, and to begin to formulate strategies
           that will integrate economic, environmental,
           scientific and social considerations toward
           achieving a sustainable future.

              This is a stakeholders' conference
           undoubtedly, one of many to come as we work
           to ensure both a robust economy and a healthy
           environment.


              The meeting will begin with a few words of
           welcome from our host community.










































           DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference                                            Page 7














                                                                WELCOME


                                                              James Barrett
                                          Worcester County Board of Commissioners



                     Good afternoon. Welcome to Ocean City and               So we need this partnership very much. It's
                   welcome to Worcester County. Mayor Fish                hard work; you can talk to a lot of people and
                   Powell couldn't make it here today, but I would        they can tell you all of the problems, but they do
                   also like to welcome you here from him.                not have the solutions. What we need to do is
                                                                          not talk about the problems, but get to work and
                     Years ago, I used to fish a lot. There were a        get them fixed. The greatest thing that we can
                   lot of fish in the bay. This conference today is       leave to our children is the natural resources in
                   well overdue. As President of the Worcester            this land that we have. The next generation and
                   County Board of Commissioners, I want to               our generation can do that. And you people can
                   challenge each and every one of you to work            help do that.
                   together as a team to help our inland bays.
                   When I say "work together as a team", I am                Thank you very much and welcome to Ocean
                   talking about many different groups of people:         City.
                   builders, government officials of all the counties,
                   town officials, boaters, land owners, DNR state
                   officials developers, EPA and other federal
                   agencies,    environmentalists,    farmers,     and
                   citizens. This should be a partnership of how to
                   clean up the bay. Those fish that I caught years
                   ago are just not there because the plant life is
                   dead in the bay.




















                   Page 8                                           DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference




















                                                                  I


                                                     OPENING REMARKS


                                                      W. Michael McCabe
                                    Regional Administrator, U.S. EPA Region III




                W. Michael McCabe served as a top aide to                   This is an important conference for us here
             Senator Joe Biden and as Staff Director of the               in Region III for several reasons:
             House Energy Conservation and Power
             Subcommittee        and     the     Congressional                 First, this conference is a prime example
             Environmental and Energy Study Conference.                        of our ability to use scientific information
             Mike is currently the EPA Region Iff Regional                     to guide and evaluate our environmental
             Administrator      and     is    responsible for                  decision-making.       The motivation for
             implementing        environmental        protection               holding this conference is largely based
             programs in PA, DE, MD, VA, WV, and DC.                           on a cooperative Federal and State study
             He is originallyfrom Delaware.                                    which you will hear more about later in
                                                                               the conference. Having environmental
                Welcome on behalf of EPA Region 111.                           information upon which to guide
             Entire areas of the coastal bays fall within our                  management decisions           is a major
             area of responsibility and we are delighted                       objective of my tenure as the Regional
             with the amount of interest shown in the future                   Administrator.
             of the coastal bays as evidenced by the large
             attendance here today. Your attendance at this                 o  Secondly, this conference also represents
             conference demonstrates that the American                         our initiative to involve community
             people are interested in moving forward with                      stakeholders in our resource management.
             the environmental progress made over the last                     Considering both the socio-economic and
             25 years.                                                         environmental issues in our decision-
                                                                               making is an absolute necessity as we
                The coastal bays of Delaware, Maryland and                     move      into   the    next     century     of
             Virginia are an important ecological and                          environmental    protection.
             economic        resource      whose        physical
             characteristics and location make them                            Thirdly, this endeavor provides us with a
             particularly vulnerable to the effects of                         timely illustration of the need for
             pollutants. These estuarine bays are affected                     Regional involvement. The areas of these
             by pollutants that come from the land as well                     coastal bays crosses the boundaries of
             as stresses that come from the ocean.                             three States. Our efforts to effectively
             Atmospheric deposition ofpollutants represents                    manage these bays require the full
             another source of stress. About 90 percent of                     participation     of    all    three     States
             commercial fish, crabs and shellfish depend in                    coordinated by a Regional presence.
             some way on estuaries and associated salt
             marshes for their livelihood.



             DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference                                                        Page 9








                      I am here for the entire conference; my
                   primary role will be as a listener and learner.
                   I am not here today to announce new
                   regulations or enforcement actions.             I
                   encourage this group over the next 24       hours
                   with beginning to find new and innovative
                   ways of addressing these issues that will be
                   reasonable to all stakeholders. The diversity
                   of this audience will provide many different
                   perspectives. These perspectives will need to
                   be considered as we move ahead to face the
                   variety of issues associated with our protection
                   of both these resources and our way of life.











































                   Page 10                                         DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference














                 A FRAMEWORK FOR THEORY AND PRACTICE IN LANDSCAPE
                  PLANNING: ALTERNATIVE FUTURES FOR MONROE COUNTY


                                                     Carl Steinitz, Author
                                        Department of Landscape Architecture
                                  Harvard University Graduate School of Design
                                                        Cambridge, MA

                                                   Madis Pihlak, Presenter
                             Department of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture
                                                   University of Maryland
                                                       College Park, MD




                Due to inclement weather, Dr. Carl Steinitz,             My proposed framework identifies six types of
              was unable to attend the conference. In his             questions. Each can be considered a level of
              place, Madis Pihlak, ASLA, AlCP, delivered the          inquiry relating to a theory-driven modeling type.
              presentation.     Mr. Pih1ak is an Associate            The models on which we rely must be based in
              Professor and Program Coordinator in the                usable and presumed-to-be-valid theory. They
              Department of Horticulture and Landscape                each require the management of information, and
              Architecture at the University of Maryland. He          GIS can be applied-albeit differently-in each
              has been involved in workshops with                     type of model.
              stakeholders and has researched the impacts of
              actions and inactions on communities which                 Project managers and researchers will work
              have similar environmental problems.                    through the framework at least three times in
                                                                      any project: first, in defining the context and
                In 1990, after almost 25 years of applying            scope of the project; second (and in reverse
              GIS to many projects, I came to the realization         order) in specifying the project methodology;
              that there was a common structure to this work,         and third, in carrying the project forward to its
              and I wrote a short paper entitled "A Framework         conclusion.      The six questions with their
              for Theory (Steinitz 1990). Over the past three         associated modeling types are listed in the usual
              years, this framework has become the primary            order for initially defining the context of a
              organizational basis of my teaching, research and       landscape planning study.
              projects.    In this talk, I will give a brief
              description of this framework and show how it           1. How should the state of the landscape be
              was applied to a recent project.                           described: in content, boundaries, space, and
                                                                         time?
              Six Questions in Search of An Answer                       This level of inquiry leads to representation
                                                                      models.



              DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference                                                   Page 11








                    11. How does the landscape operate? What                I believe that it is more helpful to consider them
                         are    the functional        and structural        in reverse order, both as a more effective way of
                         relationships among its elements?                  organizing a landscape-planning study and
                       This level of inquiry leads to process models.       specifying its method, which I consider the key
                                                                            strategic phase, and as a more effective
                    111. Is the current landscape functioning well?         educational approach.        The methods of a
                                                                            landscape planning study should be organized
                       The metrics of judgment (whether of health,          and specified upwards through the levels of
                    beauty, cost, nutrient flow or user satisfaction)       inquiry, with each level defining its necessary
                    lead to evaluation models.                              contributing products from the models next
                                                                            above in the framework. This is how it works
                    IV. How might the landscape be altered.- by             in practice:
                         what actions, where, and when?                     VI   To be able to decide to propose or to
                       This is directly related to 1, above, in that             propose or to make a change, one needs to
                    both are data; vocabulary and syntax.                        know how to compare the alternatives.
                       This 4th level of inquiry leads to change            V    To be able to compare alternatives, one
                    models. At least two important types of change               needs to predict their impacts from having
                    should be considered: changes brought about by               simulated changes.
                    current trends      and changes caused by               IV   To be able to simulate change, one needs to
                    implementable      actions,    such    as     plans,         specify (or design) the changes to be
                    investments, and regulations.                                simulated.
                                                                            III  To be able to specify potential changes (if
                    V.   What predictable differences might the                  any), one needs to evaluate the current
                         changes cause?                                          conditions.
                       This 5th level of inquiry shapes impact              11 To be able to evaluate the landscape, one
                    models, in which the process models (11) ) are            needs to understand how it works.
                    used to simulate change. This is directly related       I To understand how it works, one needs
                    to 11, above, in that both are based on                   representational schema to describe it. (This
                    information; on predictive theory                         has been the ma or GIS role.)
                                                                                               i

                    VI. Should the landscape be changed? How is               Then, in order to be effective and efficient, a
                         a comparative evaluation of the impacts of         landscape planning project should progress
                         alternative changes to be made?                    downward at least once through each level of
                       This is directly related to 111, above, in that      inquiry, applying the appropriate modeling types:
                    both are based on knowledge; on cultural values.        representation, process, evaluation, change,
                                                                            impact and decision.       At the extreme, two
                       This sixth level of inquiry leads to decision        decisions present themselves: no and yes. A no
                    models.                                                 implies a backward feedback loop and the need
                                                                            to alter a prior level. All six levels can be the
                       Implementation could be considered another           focus of feedback; "redesign" and sensitivity
                    level, but this framework treats it as a forward-       analysis are frequently        applied     feedback
                    in-time feedback to level 1, the creation of a          strategies at Level IV.
                    changed representation model.
                                                                              A contingentyes decision (still a no) may also
                       Although the six levels have been presented in       trigger a shift in the scale or size or time of the
                    the order in which they are normally recognized,        study. (An example is the decision to locate a


                    Page 12                                          DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference









            highway corridor made on the basis of a more
            detailed alignment analysis). In a scale shift, the
            study will again proceed through the six levels
            of the framework as described above.


              A project should normally continue until it
            achieves a positive, yes, decision. (In my area
            of application, a do not build conclusion can be
            a positive decision). A yes decision implies
            implementation and (one assumes) a forward-in-
            time change to new representation models.

              While the framework looks orderly and
            sequential, the line through any project is not a
            smooth path:     it has false starts, dead ends,
            serendipitous discoveries-but the line has to
            pass through the questions and models of the
            framework as I have described it before a yes
            can be achieved.


              The framework has been the basis for the
            organization of several regional studies and is
            applied in this talk to a study of the future of
            Monroe County.

            References


              Steinitz, C. "A Framework for Theory
            Applicable to the Education of Landscape
            Architects (and Other Environmental Design
            Professionals)," Landscape Journal, October
            1990.
























            DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference                                                Page 13













                                                      SUSSEX COUNTY, DE


                                                          Robert L. Stickels
                                                  Sussex County Administrator




                     Robert Stickels is the Sussex County                  To get a true figure on how much Sussex
                  Administrator.     Mr. Stickels has a strong          County has grown, you can also look at the
                  background in business and government                 assessment base of the County. This gives an
                  management. He has been the Town Manager              indication of the number of year-round
                  of Georgetown, DE, and Deputy County                  residential homes, seasonal homes, and
                  Administrator for Sussex Countyftom 1988 to           commercial building that has taken place in the
                  the present. He has also been a member of the         Inland Bays Watershed. Property assessment for
                  Delmarva Advisory Council, the Executive              the Inland Bays Watershed area was $70,114,444
                  Council of the Delaware Inland Bays Estuary           in 1960; in 1990 the assessment grew to
                  Program, the Delaware Private Industry                $892,322,377 for the same area. This is an
                  Council, as well as other organizations.              increase of 1, 172% in four decades. As we look
                                                                        ahead to the year 2020, populations are
                     Sussex County's portion of the Delmarva            estimated to increase an additional 31.59% for
                  Coastal Bays has changed dramatically since the       our County.
                  1950's. Geographically, Sussex County is one
                  of the largest counties east of the Mississippi.         Unfortunately, rules and regulations protecting
                  This has resulted in a diversified economy. In        the environment and the welfare of the residents
                  the 1950's and 1960's, the County's primary           and visitors of Sussex County did not develop as
                  industry was agriculture.     In the 1970's, the      quickly as our population and buildings
                  economy started to diversify with tourism             increased. Public acceptance of regulations has
                  becoming the second largest industry in the           been very slow.      In the 1960's, it was the
                  County. The total County population in 1950           attitude that if you owned the property, you
                  was 61,360; in 1990 it was 113,226. The entire        could do what you want with it. The 1970's led
                  population impact cannot be measured totally on       to development of zoning ordinances and
                  census figures. Census figures do not include         regulations. A major breakthrough in the 1970's
                  summer and part-time population.             It is    was the adoption of the Coastal Zone Act. It
                  estimated that 5.4 Million people visit our           has been stated that former Governor Russell W.
                  County's beaches annually. This has been a            Peterson, who was the author of this legislation,
                  dramatic change from the 1950's and 1960's,           led a major breakthrough that pointed the way
                  when most of the beach resorts closed at Labor        for other states and the federal government to
                  Day. Sussex County beaches are located within         preserve priceless coastline resources. In the
                  a four hour drive of one-third of the population      1980's, the Sussex County Council realized that
                  of the United States.                                 density should be reduced as well as the heights
                                                                        of buildings if Sussex County coastlines were to
                                                                        avoid duplicating Ocean City, Maryland.



                  Page 14                                         DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference








               Over the decades, we have learned that it is              in federal, state and local regulations. Federal
             not enough just to have zoning ordinances if we             and state      agencies     cannot expect          local
             are going to protect the environment and the                governments to be more restrictive than their
             quality of life that has been expected in Sussex            own requirements. If the state feels that         there
             County. The infrastructure must be in place.                should be property line setbacks from              state
             This infrastructure should provide protection for           wetlands, local ordinances should be supported
             water quality. With the completion of the West              with state law. Local governments cannot be
             Rehoboth Sewer District, a $70 Million project,             expected to develop ordinances that restrict
             all homes located along the Atlantic Ocean have             building in federal wetlands if the federal
             the capability of being connected to central                government will still issue permits to allow for
             wastewater. This is a vast improvement from                 construction.       Consistency in rules and
             the 1960's, when on holiday weekends, residents             regulations between the three levels of
             actually had wastewater flowing in the streets.             government is necessary. Once this consistency
             The County's South Coastal Area Planning                    is developed, we will have to obtain public
             Study lays out new sewer districts in the Inland            acceptance, political fortitude and administrative
             Bays area.       Over 5,000 users have been                 wisdom if we wish to see the Delmarva area
             connected already to Inland Bays central sewer              continue to be a desirable place to live and
             systems. The County has plans to spend over                 vacation.
             $25 million over the next five years to connect
             more homes.


               Creation of central water and sewer districts is
             not the entire answer for the protection of the
             Coastal Bays. Reduction in density and greater
             setbacks from wetlands are also important.
             However, public acceptance of additional
             regulations is not always easily obtained. It has
             been my experience that a majority of the people
             living in the Coastal Bays area are only here for
             a short period of time. Many people only live in
             the area for a three to seven year period. People
             who purchase summer homes may only wish to
             visit the area for a three to five year period
             before their recreational interests change to other
             areas. Retirees who move to the area are usually
             on a fixed income and wish to take advantage of
             Sussex County's low tax base. Many of these
             people are unable to pay what is needed to
             protect the bays. The difficulty lies in trying to
             come up with long-term cost effective solutions.

                I hope I do not sound like a doornsayer. I do
             believe we are going in the right direction.
             Sussex Countians are willing to do their share to
             protect Delmarva Coastal Bays.               There is
             evidence that water quality is already improving.
             If we are going to continue to make
             improvements, we are going to need consistency



             DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference                                                         Page 15







                                              SUSSEX, COUNTY DELAWARE.q.
                                                              ASSESSMENT TOTALS,%










                                                                                                     . . . . . . . . . .








                                                            Millions

                                        $1,000
                                                            ----------- -------- ------------------------------------- ------------------- -------------------                    77-
                                          $800                      ------------------------------- ---------------------- ------------ -----------
                                          $600              --------- -          ------------------------------------------

                                                              -------------------- ----------- ---------- -------------------
                                          $400

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                                               $0
                                                               1960                           1970                            1980                          1990
                                                                                                                         ASSESSMENTS
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                             Page 16                                                                    DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference












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                                                      WORCESTER COUNTY9 MD

                                                                    Phil Hager
                                               Worcester County Planning Department



                       Phil Hager is a graduate of Frostburg State               Worcester County is Maryland's eastern-most
                    University and holds a Master's degree in                 jurisdiction. Additionally, it is the only Maryland
                    Intergovernmental Policy Analysis ftom The                subdivision bordering the Atlantic Ocean. Nearly
                    George Washington University School of                    20 percent of the County experiences some form
                    Government and Business Administration. Mr.               of tidal influence. A ridge extending the length of
                    Hager previously worked for the Maryland                  the County running roughly northeast to southwest
                    General Assembly and on Capitol Hill for the              divides the two major watersheds. The land areas
                    United States Senate. For the past 7 years, he            on the west side of this feature flow to the
                    has been actively involved in land use planning           Pocomoke and eventually to the Bay. Areas to the
                    and demography.         In that capacity, he has          east drain into one of the four major inland bays
                    workedfor the Maryland National Capitol Park              systems. With the exception of western Garrett
                                                                              County, Worcester County is the only Maryland
                    and Planning Commission, and as a consultant              jurisdiction whose entire waters do not flow into
                    for the telecommunications industry.             Since    the Chesapeake Bay.
                    August 1995, he has been employed as a
                    Planner for Worcester County Maryland.                       Archaeologists believe that human contact with
                       The following is a descriptive analysis 0              what is now Worcester County has been relatively
                                                                          f   brief and notably recent. Native Americans did
                    Worcester County, Maryland. In a moment, I will           not begin to settle in this area until sometime in
                    be delivering a brief historical overview, a series       the Twelfth Century. These American Indians
                    of facts and figures detailing Worcester's present        were Worcester's first immigrants.          Historians
                    conditions, and a cursory analysis for our future.        believe that there were never more than
                    Some of these demographic data are contained in           approximately 300 Native Americans in permanent
                    the tables on the blue sheets that have been              residence here, but that significant numbers passed
                    distributed, or are in the process of being               through the area or rested here briefly while
                    distributed.                                              enroute to other destinations.      I suppose these
                       In addition to increasing our overall awareness        were Worcester County's first vacationers.
                    relative to local demographic conditions, it is also         Early native settlements were located along the
                    my desire to go a little bit beyond the statistics and    coastal plain and adjacent to the waterway
                    attempt to offer interpretive analysis. In short, we      systems; primarily, this translates into the
                    will look at what has been happening, what is             Pocomoke River, Nassawango Creek, and the
                    currently happening, what we expect to happen, as         Coastal Bays and their tributaries. They hunted
                    well as why. This may be helpful to us as we              the rich forests, fished the streams, rivers and
                    collectively strive to address the issues before this     bays, and they began to cultivate the fertile soils.
                    conference.
                                                                                 The first European settlers moved into the area
                                                                              through what is now Virginia in the latter portion


                    Page 20                                            DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference








             of the 1600's. Then, as today, the region was                Today, agriculture and tourism share the
             geographically remote; consequently, the area was          spotlight, but other forces are at work as well. A
             slow in growing. The primary activities of these           tremendous proportion of Worcester's newest
             peoples were little different from those of the            wave of immigrants are over the age of 55.
             Native Americans: principally hunting, fishing,            Worcester County is becoming a retirement locale
             agriculture, and similar extractive activities.            for increasingly larger numbers of people. Its low
                                                                        piggyback tax is also attracting large numbers of
                The County grew slowly through the 1700's and           second home purchasers and part time residents.
             into the 1800's.      As there was a surplus of            This is a benefit to the construction and real estate
             available land, and waterways were of significant          industries. The vast majority of these new citizens
             importance, the early populations tended to be well        are establishing residence within the Coastal Bays'
             dispersed. What concentrations that existed, were          Watersheds. The water access, the beaches, the
             primarily aligned along the transportation corridors       gulf courses, and the recreational opportunities
             that these waterways represented. It was not until         available to these residents is a tremendous selling
             the 1800's that people began to congregate in              point.
             towns and villages in appreciable numbers.
                                                                          As can be seen from the data in the handout,
                The advent of steam and railroad spurred some           Worcester County is beginning to grow extremely
             economic and population growth, however, the               rapidly. The County's growth from 1940 to 1969
             area was never the scene of a massive influx of            was slow,   but consistent. From 1970 onward,
             new residents. The economy and the population              however,    the rate of growth has increased
             maintained remarkable stability through this era.          markedly.   From a statewide perspective, or when
                                                                        compared    to East Coast regional standards,
                Despite many changes and innovations,                   Worcester   County with its current population of
             Agriculture's importance as a mainstay of the local        40,300 is   still comfortably rural.      But when
             economy has remained undiminished. Historically,           compared    to historical trends the expansion is
             this activity has been the primary source of income        incredible.  In 1940, the population was 21,245.
             and employment.         Although of slightly less          In less than six decades, the population has nearly
             importance from an employment standpoint today,            doubled. It took nearly three centuries to reach
             farming and related activities continue to                 the 1940 total. Current projections indicate that
             determine Worcester's economic well-being.                 we will achieve that number again by 2030. In
                                                                        less than 35 years, we will have tripled the 1940
                Most of the County's most significant growth            figure.
             occurred after World War 11. The role of the
             "baby boom", notwithstanding, it is no accident              This rapid growth is not consistent with this
             that this transformation occurred in conjunction           jurisdiction's history, nor is it in proportion to the
             with the expansion of this nation's highway and            growth being experienced by other Eastern Shore
             railway systems during the 1950's. The most                counties. This is vividly illustrated in the table
             notable alterations came about as a consequence of         that compares Worcester's population growth rate
             the Bay Bridge construction. This advent forged            with the combined growth rates for the four Lower
             a closer relationship between the Eastern Shore            Shore Counties. These statistics suggest that there
             and the balance of the state.         The people of        is something unique or different about Worcester
             Southern Delmarva began to focus on Baltimore              County.     Many would argue that it is the
             and Washington, and the markets in Delaware and            proximity to the Ocean and other water resources
             points north declined in importance.             These     that serves as such a draw. The ramifications of
             transportation      improvements        provided a         that assumption are a double-edged sword. On
             tremendous boost for agricultural interests. It also       one hand, it makes the importance of the bays and
             had another effect. It began an unprecedented              their watersheds more of a priority from an
             wave of tourism.                                           economic standpoint. Conversely, preservation




             DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference                                                      Page 21








                  issues and natural resource health take on a greater      County residents who were residents before 1980,
                  level of importance.                                      actually moved out of the County by 1990.

                     The second table emphasizes the importance of            One final set of data is appropriate for this
                  that assessment. Clearly, these growth trends will        forum. Since 1987, 15,887 acres of agricultural
                  continue through the foreseeable future. In the           land has been converted from active farming to
                  coming decades, it seems that Worcester County            some other use. That represents a loss of nearly
                  will once again be on the receiving end of a              13 percent. Simultaneously, the total number of
                  disproportionate population expansion.                    farms has declined by nearly one-fourth, from 631
                                                                            to 474. It would be tempting to conclude that this
                     There are two additional factors that should be        is due to development, but that assumption would
                  of significant interest to any demographic                not be entirely true. The majority of it is probably
                  discussions relative to the bays. First, although         due to conversion for residential purposes, but
                  the growth projections and the existing trends for        some of it can be attributed to other factors, not
                  Worcester County are noteworthy, they pale in             the least of which is the conditions under which
                  consequence when you look at the distribution of          we mandate that agricultural concerns operate.
                  people within the County. 1990 Census figures             Another possible explanation is the trend for
                  show that 62.2 percent of the County lived within         assimilation of small farms by larger agricultural
                  the watersheds.                                           operations.

                     Projections suggest that this percentage will            Because of time constraints, I have had to cover
                  increase both in number and in speed. Nearly              a great many variables in a short period of time.
                  three-fourths of the County could live in the             It is probably not necessary that we remember
                  Coastal Bays Watersheds by the year 2020. The             each of the statistics which I have cited here. It is
                  second item of interest is that these numbers fail to     more important that we recognize that Worcester
                  consider seasonal population. These trends reflect        County and the Coastal Bays area is undergoing a
                  only permanent year-round residents. During the           metamorphosis; it is in a constant state of change.
                  Summer, Worcester's population can be measured            It has been that way for centuries. What is now
                  in millions. For several months of the year, the          different is the speed and degree of those changes.
                  coastal bays infrastructure is faced with tasks
                  approaching the same magnitude as the large urban           People sometimes make the mistake of seeing
                  centers that are the sources of these tourists.           nature as static or stopped in time.         This is
                                                                            probably not the case with most things, and it is
                     Of equal or greater importance as "how much?"          definitely not the case with Worcester County and
                  is "from what source?". Generally, a significant          the Coastal Bays environment. It may help us to
                  portion of any population increase can be                 remember that the entire Delmarva Peninsula was
                  attributed to natural growth (ie., total births           created by change, and it is still changing,
                  outnumbering total deaths). This Js true with             growing and evolving. The single most important
                  Worcester County, but it cannot account for the           and dominant factor in that evolution has been the
                  explosive nature of this population rise.           As    role that man has played in it. That is why it is
                  previously stated, in-migration is the culprit.           most important to note that this factor is also
                  Voluntary re-location is the single greatest factor       growing, changing and evolving. And the speed
                  in Worcester's continuing growth trends. Since            with which it is taking place is increasing . . . at
                  1990, it has accounted for more than 71 percent of        a rate approaching geometric proportion.
                  the County's growth. From 1980 to 1990, in-
                  migration represented 120 percent of the total
                  increase. During this decade, the County grew by
                  4,139 persons, and 4,977 people moved to
                  Worcester County. This means that at least 838




                  Page 22                                            DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference










                           COMPARATIVE HISTORICAL POPULATION GROWTH RATES



                           STATE                          WORCESTER                       LESR'


           1990-95         5.6   Percent                  15.1 Percent                    6.9 Percent
           1980-90         13.3  Percent                  13.4 Percent                    12.3 Percent
           1970-80         7.5   Percent                  26.4 Percent                    14.4 Percent
           1960-70         26.5 Percent                   2.9 Percent                     4.0 Percent
           1950-60         32.3 Percent                   2.5 Percent                     9.6 Percent
           1940-50         28.7 Percent                   8.9 Percent                     6.3 Percent



           Since 1940, Worcester County has experienced an annual average growth rate of 1.3 percent. During
           the same time period, the State and LESR grew by 3.3 and 1. 1 percent, respectively. Since 1990,
           however, the state has had an annual growth rate of only 1. 1 percent, the LESR has remained
           somewhat steady at 1.4 percent, while Worcester County more than doubled that rate to slightly over
           3.0 percent. This means that Worcester County has been growing twice as fast as the rest of the
           Lower Shore, and more than two and one-half as fast as the State, since 1990.





                           COMPARATIVE RATE OF PROJECTED POPULATION GROWTH



                                   WORCESTER                     LESR                     STATE


           1990-95                 15.1 Percent                  6.9 Percent              5.6 Percent
           1995-00                 7.5 Percent                   5.2 Percent              5.3 Percent
           2000-05                 6.2 Percent                   4.5 Percent              4.4 Percent
           2005-10                 4.8 Percent                   4.0 Percent              3.5 Percent
           2010-15                 3.5 Percent                   3.1 Percent              3.4 Percent
           2015-20                 3.0 Percent                   2.6 Percent              3.2 Percent




           If the projections for the thirty (30) year period 1990-2020 hold true, the County will experience an
           absolute growth of nearly 12,000 and a percentage growth rate of 134.2. It is interesting to note, that
           the County grew by an almost identical amount in the previous thirty (30) year time span (1960-90).
           This growth translates into a factored increase of 147.6 percent.



           1 - LESR: Lower Eastern Shore; includes Dorchester, Somerset, Wicomico and Worcester Counties.

                   SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Maryland Office of Planning, and the Worcester
                             County Department of Planning Permits & Inspections.




           DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference                                           Page 23










                                     THE COASTAL BAYS WATERSHEDS' COMPONENT
                                        (Proportion of Worcester County's Total Population)


                                              ABSOLUTE PERCENTAGE


                               1940           10,832                 50.9
                               1950           11,974                 51.7
                               1960           12,296                 51.8
                               1970           12,898                 52.8
                               1980           18,057                 58.5
                               1990           21,781                 62.2
                               1995           26,526                 65.8
                               2000           29,122                 67.4
                               2010           33,765                 68.9
                               2020           39,447                 72.1

                By 2020, the portion of Worcester County's population lying within the Coastal Bays Watersheds will
                approximate the current County total. If these projections hold, the Watershed population component
                will nearly double in the time period 1990-2020. During the same time span the County is only
                expected to increase by 56.3 percent.


                       SOURCE: Estimates and Projections, 1996; The Worcester County Department of Planning
                                  Permits & Inpections.






























                 Page 24                                      DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference












                                ACCOMACK-NORTHAMPTON PLANNING
                                             DISTRICT COMMISSION


                                                    James McGowan




               James McGowan is Director of Planning at           comprises the areas to the east, beginning with
             the Accomack-Northampton Planning District           Assateague Island and Chincoteague Bay. We
             Commission, the regional planning commission         have 14 barrier islands that run from Assateague
             for the eastern shore of Virginia. As Director of    Island to the tip. The only island on the coast
             Planning, Mr. McGowan provides coastal               that is accessible by vehicle is Assateague. This
             resourcesplanning, transportationplanning, and       is one of the most significant features of the
             technical assistance to 2 counties and 19            eastern shore of Virginia; the ocean beaches are
             incorporated towns along the eastern shore. He       not open for development. They are all either
             also supervises Chesapeake Bay Preservation Act      owned by the Nature Conservancy or by state
             implementationfor the 13 eastern shore towns in      and federal agencies.
             the Chesapeake Bay watershed A graduate of
             the New York State University College at               The population on the eastern shore in 1990
             Plattsburgh, Mr. McGowan also holds a                was 44,764; it has gone up slightly since then.
             Master's degree in Planningftom the University       In 1950, the population was just over 50,000.
             of Virginia. Before moving to Virginia, he was       It dropped until 1980, and has since gone up
             a State Park Manager with the New York State         slowly. Projections to 2010 actually indicate
             Office of Parks, Recreation, and Historic            that we are expected to lose population. While
             Preservation.                                        we do not have any hard figures and the net
                                                                  population is not expected to change much, new
               The eastern shore of Virginia is that part of      people are coming in and others are leaving. A
             the State which is east of the Chesapeake Bay.       lot of retirees come to the shore or build second
             The peninsula is about 70 miles long, which is       homes. A lot of young people, however, cannot
             as much coast as the rest of Delmarva coastline.     get jobs and migrate out.
             We are, however, a lot different than Maryland
             and Delaware.                                          Twenty-six percent of the eastern shore
                                                                  population is below the federal poverty level and
               The eastern shore is both on the Chesapeake        the area has an eight percent unemployment rate
             Bay and the Atlantic Ocean.       The peninsula      (as compared to four percent for the rest of the
             varies from about 15 miles to 5 miles in width,      state).     So we are an economically
             which gives us a very unique geography. We           disadvantaged area; 2,500 dwellings (or 17
             have a lot of waterfront, both bayside and           percent of the housing stock) do not have indoor
             seaside (i.e., the Delmarva coastal bay              plumbing. This is one of the major issues that
             watershed). One of the major features is Route       we are dealing with. We have a lot of programs
             13 which runs down the spine of the peninsula        to rehabilitate substandard housing and introduce
             and is pretty much the divide between the            indoor plumbing, but we still have a long way to
             Chesapeake Bay and the Atlantic Ocean                go.
             watersheds. The Delmarva coastal bays area



             DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference                                            Page 25








                      As far as the economy, in 1991, services                 In terms of the cost of public actions, while
                    were the largest sector of the economy at 22            there is not a tremendous amount of growth,
                    percent;    manufacturing was         18 percent;       there is always the need to build new schools
                    government was 17 percent; and retail was 14            and roads as development occurs. Also, health
                    percent. Fishing and farming only employed 8            care is a big issue as the number of retirees
                    percent, but farming involves a lot more than           increases. In terms of political activity, there is
                    the people who work the land and much of the            a mix of interests. Local people want jobs and
                    manufacturing is food processing. As far as             wealthy retirees want to protect the shore. But
                    industrial expansion possibilities, the poultry         both groups are thinking about the future.
                    industry is expanding (e.g., Tysons and Perdue),
                    vegetable production is increasing (e.g., tomato           We are also concerned about transportation
                    growers are moving up from Florida, and                 and the future of Route 13 and potential impacts
                    Accomack County is the largest vegetable                on development and preservation efforts. State
                    producer in Virginia), aquaculture is growing           and federal governments are involved, such as
                    (e.g., clam growers), and tourism is always             through the Chesapeake Bay Preservation Act,
                    increasing (Chincoteague is the biggest area for        which requires a 100 foot setback along
                    tourism and coastal development, but there is           preservation areas.         State ground water
                    some development all over the shore). One of            regulations are in place,   and will hopefully be
                    the new programs is the sustainable development         improved. Also, state and federal grants help
                    technology industrial park in Cape Charles,             fund programs.
                    which just landed a new employer that is
                    building solar panels. Also, the second home               As far as growing pains, there is a lot of
                    industry is slowly growing. So, we do not               ground water but it has to be managed properly.
                    expect any major changes, but the potential is          Industries can cause cones of depression that can
                    there.   For example, if the Chesapeake Bay             affect adjacent water users. The best way to
                    Bridge Tunnel toll is eliminated, there would be        deal with this is to pump water from well fields
                    an immediate change since there is a $10 toll           covering 'a larger area and store it as public
                    each way.                                               water supplies, but only a few exist. Lack of
                                                                            sewers is a problem, although it can also slow
                      As far as land use changes, we do not have a          growth.     In order to provide for water and
                    lot of good data. Accomack County now has a             sewer to substandard housing, a central system
                    GIS system so we are hoping that we can put it          is needed. Also, this will hopefully allow for
                    into a more useable form. Northampton County            focused growth and prevent sprawl. Currently,
                    does not have a GIS system, but is working              unsuitable soils make it difficult to cluster
                    towards this. The major factors in development          growth.
                    are the local ordinances and future land use
                    plans. A ground water plan prepared a few                  Farm loss is also a concern.            Although
                    years ago estimated that the area in the middle         agriculture only employs eight percent of the
                    of the peninsula, which is the main ground              population, a lot of related businesses depend on
                    water recharge area, has the potential for 37,000       it. We are starting to try some new techniques
                    more dwelling units (there are only 21,000              such as open space zoning and cluster
                    now). This indicates that there is a tremendous         development. We need to do better planning
                    capacity here. Both counties are looking into           and zoning, but Northampton County hired their
                    this situation, with Accomack County updating           first planner in 1976, and Accomack County did
                    their plan and Northampton County developing            not hire a planner until 1990. Without the
                    a new zoning ordinance.                                 people, it is hard to know what to do. For
                                                                            example, the build-out analysis conducted
                                                                            previously estimated that the 37,000 new



                    Page 26                                           DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference








            dwelling units would require 5.6 million gallons
            per day. That is as much water as is currently
            used by all the houses and industry on the
            eastern shore. Also, it is estimated that the deep
            aquifers on the eastern shore only have a
            capacity of 5.5 to 11 million gallons per day.
            Therefore, we really have to look at these
            issues, but are not being forced to. It has been
            said that people are either inspired to action or
            do it out of desperation. I don't think we are at
            the desperate stage yet, but hopefully we can act
            before it is too late.
















































             DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference                                               Page 27












                              REPORT ON PRE-CONFERENCE QUESTIONNAIRE ON
                                                      PUBLIC PERCEPTIONS


                                                             James M. Falk
                                                       University of Delaware
                                               Sea Grant Marine Advisory Service
                                                           Lewes, DE 19958




                     For the past 17 years, James Falk has been a        age. Forty-one percent of the respondents were
                  marine, recreation and tourism specialist at the       from Maryland, 32 percent resided in Virginia,
                  University of Delaware's Sea Grant Marine              and 24 percent were residents of Delaware.
                  Advisory Service.        He is responsible for         Thirty-six percent of respondents indicated that
                  developing and tabulating the pre-conference           they lived on the bay's waterfront.           Forty
                  questionnaire that was received by many                percent indicated that they lived less than five
                  participants. This questionnaire is only one of        miles from the water and 24 percent reported
                  the numerous applied research studies Mr. Falk         living five miles or greater from the bays.
                  has conducted to help resource managers better         Eighty-nine percent of respondents indicated that
                  understand the perceptions and attitudes of            they recreated on the bays or visited them.
                  different user groups.
                                                                          . Sixty percent of respondents reported that they
                  Introduction                                           were college graduates and one-third of all
                                                                         respondents indicated that they had graduate
                     During the late winter, 1996, a sample of           level education experiences.         The largest
                  residents living around Delmarva's coastal bays        percentage of the responding sample indicated
                  were mailed a survey instrument seeking their          that they were retired (34%), 15 percent were
                  input and attitudes about a number of issues           employed in the farming/agriculture industry,
                  related to the environmental and economic health       and twelve percent were government employees
                  of these important coastal ecosystems. Eleven          (local, state or federal). Twenty-two percent of
                  hundred questionnaires were mailed to a cross-         the respondents were employed in private
                  section of individuals who represented a variety       business, with 8 percent of this total being
                  of interest groups.      These groups included:        tourism-related employment. Fifty-two percent
                  farmers,     private    citizens,    environmental     of all respondents had annual family incomes of
                  organization representatives, and watermen. At         greater than $50,000.        Only three percent
                  the time of the current data analysis, 321             reported that they earned less than $20,000
                  respondents had replied to the survey.                 annually.     About one-third (34%) earned
                                                                         between $30,000 and $50,000 annually.
                  Who Are Coastal Bay Respondents

                     Coastal bay respondents were predominantly
                  males (74%) and were, on average, 55 years of



                  Page 28                                          DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference








             How Do Coastal Bay Respondents Rate                    seldom do anything about it. Fifty-six percent
             Conditions Around the Bays                             of respondents support political candidates based
                                                                    on their environmental stands and 46 percent
                When bay residents were       asked how they        donate money to environmental causes. Twenty-
             would rate the ."quality of life" (e.g. jobs, clean    four percent of bay-area residents belong to an
             environment, public services,    etc.) around the      environmental organization and 41 percent
             bays, the overall rating was 2.7 (based on a 4-        belong to two or more environmental groups.
             point scale; with I = poor and 4 = outstanding).
             Sixty-three percent of the respondents rate the        What Are         Coastal Bay         Respondents'
             "quality of life" either "good" or "outstanding".      Environmental Factors of Greatest Concern

                When a rating for "environmental quality" was         Respondents were asked to rank a series of
             solicited, the average rating was 2.4 (on the 4-       environmental factors that were of greatest
             point scale), with 48 percent of the respondents       concern to them, using a scale of I to 3, with I
             indicating either "good" or "outstanding". When        being the most important. Water quality (218
             a similar rating for "economic prosperity" was         total responses) and loss of fish/wildlife habitat
             solicited, the average rating was 2.1, with only       (196 total responses) were most often mentioned
             one-third of the sample reporting a "good" or          by respondents as issues that were important to
             "outstanding" rating response. When asked what         them. The least mentioned issues were toxic
             they thought of their state's efforts at managing      waste cleanup (25 total responses) and air quality
             and protecting their state's bay's resources, 38       (36 total responses).        When the average
             percent responded that their state did either a        importance rating was calculated for each factor
             "good" or "outstanding" job and rated their            (using the 3-point scale, with I being most
             actions 2.2.                                           important), water quality (1.7), protection of
                                                                    drinking water supplies (1.8) and loss of
             What Are Coastal Bay Respondents' Feelings             fish/wildlife habitat (1.9) were rated the highest.
             About the Role of Citizens and the                     Wastewater management (2.4), open space
             Environment                                            preservation (2.3), and air quality (2.3) were
                                                                    rated the lowest.
                When asked what position they felt citizens
             should take with respect to environmental issues,      What Do Coastal Bay Respondents Feel Are
             62 percent believe that individuals can do much        the Most Serious Water Pollution Problems
             more to improve the environment, 29 percent            Around the Bays
             feel individuals would do more, but are confused
             about what is good and bad for the environment,           Since water quality was mentioned as a major
             7 percent believe it is basically large companies      concern by respondents, their opinions were also
             who are responsible for environmental problems         solicited on what they felt were the most serious
             and they should solve them and 3 percent feel          water pollution problems around the bays.
             that since other people won't make sacrifices          Agricultural runoff (68%) was reported as the
             their contributions won't matter either.               most serious water pollution concern, followed
                                                                    by sewage discharge (59%) and environmental
             How Do Coastal Bay Respondents Categorize              impacts caused by tourism-related development
             Themselves on Environmental Issues                     (50%).

                Only 3 percent of all respondents indicated
             that they were generally not interested in
             environmental matters.        Thirty-one percent
             indicated an interest in the environment, but



             DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference                                                  Page29








                  How Do Coastal Bay Respondents Feel About                  How Do Coastal Bay Respondents Feel About
                  Growth and Development Issues                              Tourism Issues

                     Coastal bay respondents were quite candid                  Coastal    Bay respondents reacted both
                  about issues related to growth and development.            positively and negatively to statements related to
                  They were requested to rate the issues using a 5-          tourism around the regions coastal bays. The
                  point scale, with I = strongly disagree and 5 =            statement that received the most support with 73
                  strongly agree.       Respondents rated limiting           percent of the respondents "agreeing" or
                  economic growth around their state's coastal               "strongly agreeing" was, long-term planning by
                  bays a!3.8 on the 5-point scale and 66 percent of          local governments can control negative impacts
                  the respondents "agreed" or "strongly agreed"              of tourism on the environment--the statement
                  with the statement.       Fifty-six percent of the         received a 4.1 rating (on the 5-point scale).
                  respondents "agreed" or "strongly agreed" with             Respondents also reacted favorably to the
                  the statement, I feel my state's counties are              statements, the tourism industry provides many
                  growing too fast (3.6 rating).             Sixty-three     worthwhile      employment opportunities for
                  percent of the respondents "agreed" or "strongly           residents, 3.6 rating and 67 percent agreement
                  agreed" with the statement, industries and                 response and, tourism is one of the bright spots
                  businesses located around my state's coastal               in my state's coastal bay's economicfUture, 3.4
                  bays contribute significantly to the local                 rating and 54 percent agreement response.
                  economy (3.6 rating), however, only 27 percent             Respondents did not react positively to the
                  "agreed" or "strongly agreed" with the statement           statements, the overall benefits of tourism
                  that developing land around my state's coastal             outweigh the negative environmental impacts,
                  bays provides needed economic growth (2.6                  2.5 rating and 23 percent "agreeing" or "strongly
                  rating).                                                   agreeing" and, I support tourism and would like
                                                                             to see it become the main industry in and around
                  How Do Coastal Bay Respondents Feel About                  my state's coastal bays, 2.7 rating and 27
                  Agricultural Issues                                        percent agreement response.

                     Seventy-four percent of the respondents                 What Future Issues Do Coastal Bay
                  "agreed" or "strongly agreed" with the statement,          Respondents Feel Are Most Important
                  agriculture contributes a great deal economically
                  to the residents of my state's coastal area (3.9              When asked what they felt were the most
                  rating on the 5-point scale). Fifty-seven percent          important future issues they needed to be
                  of the respondents "agreed" or "strongly agreed"           concerned about, coastal bay respondents
                  with the statement, agriculture around my state's          indicated that protecting the coastal bays from
                  coastal bays provides diverse employment                   environmental degradation (79%) and preserving
                  opportunities for local residents (3.4 rating).            forest, wetland and habitat areas (79%) were
                  The lowest rated statements related to agriculture         most important. Other issues receiving majority
                  were, environmental impacts resulting ftom                 support included protecting drinking water
                  agriculture practices are relatively minor, with           supplies (65%) and controlling growth in coastal
                  a 2.7 rating and only 28 percent of the                    counties (54%). The least important issues as
                  respondents "agreeing" or "strongly agreeing"              reported by respondents included, addressing
                  with the statement, and taxes in my state's                global environmental issues (18%) and attracting
                  coastal counties are kept low because of                   new industries and businesses (20%).
                  agriculture, with a 2.8 rating and 23 percent
                  agreement response.





                  Page 30                                             DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference








             How Do Coastal Bay Respondents Feel About
             Paying More to Improve the Bays

               Sixty-nine percent of respondents indicated
             they would pay more taxes or higher prices to
             protect and improve the environmental quality of
             Delmarva's coastal bays. They felt user fees
             (59%) would be the most preferred mechanism
             to collect additional revenues to direct towards
             bay improvements.     The only other revenue
             mechanism that received close to majority
             support was voluntary private donations, with 45
             percent of the respondents supporting this
             revenue-generating mechanism.        The least
             supported methods for generating revenues were
             property tax transfers (18%) and personal
             income taxes (19%).


             Conclusions


               This preliminary analysis of coastal bay
             residents provides a "snapshot" of how they feel
             about many issues and concerns affecting the
             health of the region's coastal bays.         The
             information present is based on frequency
             responses for all respondents collectively and is
             by no means exhaustive. There are additional
             methods for analyzing the data which can
             provide a thorough picture of how respondents
             feel about coastal bay concerns. These could
             include comparing results by state of residence
             (Maryland vs. Delaware vs. Virginia) or by
             occupational status (retired vs. agriculture vs.
             private business).   This further analysis will
             provide a more-effective way to approach
             management and policy concerns in the different
             jurisdictions.

               This study was supported by the University of
             Delaware Sea Grant College Program and the
             Delaware Centerfor the Inland Bays. A special
             thanks is also extended to the agencies and
             organizations who assisted in mailing the survey
             questionnaires to their clientele groups and to
             University of Delaware, College of Marine
             Studies' graduate students Cecelia Linder and
             Lexia Valdes for their assistance during various
             phases of the project.



             DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference                                            Page 31












                                SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: A FRAMEWORK
                                                    FOR A NEW CENTURY


                                                           Peggy Duxbury
                                    President's Council on Sustainable Development



                    The originally scheduled speaker, Molly               I thought I'd begin by giving you some
                 Harris Olson, Executive Director of the               background on the concept of sustainable
                 President's Council on Sustainable Development        development and its genesis. It is a fairly new
                 (PCSD) was unable to attend due to other              buzzword; I remember doing a search for the
                 commitments. Ms. Olson was represented by             term "sustainable development" at Harvard
                 Peggy Duxbury, Coordinator of the PCSD's              Library and not really finding the term until
                 Principles, Goals, and Definitions Task Force.        about four or five years ago. Then we will talk
                 This Task Force was responsible for bringing          about the work of the Council and the contents
                 together, integrating, and synthesizing all of the    of the report.
                 work of the many subcommittees and work
                 groups that comprise the President's Council.            Beginning with the environment, while a
                 Prior to working for the PCSD, Ms. Duxbury            doom-and-gloom scenario is extreme, is it not a
                 held a one-yearfaculty research appointment at        crisis when:
                 Harvard Business School where she helped
                 develop a curriculum on environmental                    e 15 million people die annually from
                 management. She holds a Bachelor's degree in               poverty-related causes?
                 Political Science ftom Old Dominion University           * 35,000 children die daily from diseases that
                 and a Master's degree in Public Administration             are entirely avoidable?
                 ftom the Kennedy School of Government at                 e 100-300 species are lost daily from this
                 Harvard University.                                        planet?
                                                                          9 There are holes in the ozone layer?
                    It's extremely exciting for me to be here this        * The climate is undergoing changes?
                 evening. This is the first group that we have            * Fish stocks disappear?
                 met with since the Council members met with              e Wildlife habitats are devastated?
                 President Clinton and Vice President Gore 24             e Soils erode?
                 hours ago to deliver the PCSD's report, which is         * 1,500 scientists, including 99 Nobel Prize
                 a unanimous consensus document on their vision             Laureates, issue a warning to humanity that
                 for sustainable development in the United States.          human beings and the natural order are on
                 It's also very fitting that as the PCSD starts             a collision course?
                 winding down our efforts, I am in a filled-to-
                 capacity room with individuals who are                   The planet is in a severe state of
                 interested in taking these concepts and applying      disequilibrium. Humanity cannot survive when
                 them to a regional level. Without a doubt, the        one-third of the world is wealthy and two-thirds
                 "just do it" crowd will be a crowd like this one.     of the world is in poverty, and most of those, in
                                                                       devastating poverty. The planet cannot sustain



                 Page 32                                         DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference







               20 percent of the population consuming 80                   prosperity;    conversely, you cannot have
               percent of the world's resources. It cannot serve           economic prosperity without environmental
               as a repository for industrial waste, while                 integrity.    Underpinning all of this is the
               providing clean air, clean water, and soils                 fundamental need that all human beings have a
               sufficient to support food and an expanding                 basic level of social welfare. In other words,
               population, all at the same time.                           these three issues are interwoven in the most
                                                                           fundamental way, and yet in a way that most
                 These crises bring me to the concept of                   societies have failed to recognize or appreciate.
               sustainable development. In the last decade, this
               concept has        gained    widespread political              It was because of the discussions of the
               legitimacy, not just here in the United States, but         Bruntland Commission that in 1992 leaders from
               across the world. How can we restore some                   across the globe came together at the Rio
               balance to that ledger? How can we restore                  Summit. One of the many agreements that came
               economic      prosperity,     social    equity,     and     out of the Summit was to form national
               environmental integrity,     all at the same time?          strategies for sustainable development. It was
               With that said, sustainable development is really           that commitment that caused President Clinton to
               the politics of hope. It is the politics of looking         form the PCSD. He asked the Council, which is
               towards the future with the idea that we do                 comprised of 25 individuals (8 industry leaders,
               control our destiny and fate.                               5 environmentalists, a number of key Cabinet
                                                                           positions, and representatives of several civic
                 To understand sustainable development, we                 societies) to develop recommendations on how
               also have to understand its historical context.             the United States should address the rubric of
               You could argue that many of these concepts                 sustainable development.
               existed for centuries. You can find many of
               these ideas and philosophies in the Old and New                Before going on to the PCSD's activities and
               Testaments, as well as many of our tribal nations           findings, I want to quickly discuss who is the
               in the Americas. But as a modem political                   United States. We are the wealthiest nation on
               philosophy, sustainable development really had              earth; we consume, produce and waste more per
               its genesis in the mid- to late-1980s. It was at            capita than any other country on this planet. We
               that time that the United Nations formed the                are very religious (more people participate in
               Bruntland Commission, which had leaders from                organized religion than in almost any other
               the developed and developing countries. They                developed country), fiercely independent, and
               published Our Common Future, which contained                skeptical of government (sometimes healthy,
               many recommendations, and perhaps most                      sometimes destructive). And we spend a lot on
               useful, a definition of sustainable development.            environmental protection - 2.5% of our GDP.
               While this concept does mean different things to            We also have a lot of fears; e.g., crime, the
               different people, there is now some consensus               federal deficit, and quality of education.
               regarding this definition, which is also used by
               the PCSD. This definition states that:                         The PCSD examined all of these issues three
                                                                           years ago under the President's direction to be
               "Sustainable development is development that                bold and creative. It was a daunting time; jobs
               meets the needs of the present without                      vs. the environment were viewed as conflicting
               compromising the ability of future generations to           concepts.     The 25 members of the Council,
               meet their own needs.                                       leaders in their respective fields, each brought
                                                                           their own perspective to the process. They met
                  Sustainable development then really rests on             four times per year during the last three years at
               three interrelated concepts: that you cannot have           locations nationwide. Eight Task forces were
               environmental       integrity without economic              formed that presided over dozens of meetings



               DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference                                                          Page 33







                   involving thousands of individuals. Mostly the            more partnerships between agencies, levels of
                   Council members listened and tried to learn what          government, and stakeholders. Specific policy
                   issues need to be considered in developing a              recommendations developed by the Council
                   national strategy.                                        include: increasing the cost-effectiveness of the
                                                                             existing regulatory structure; allowing for
                     First, the Council members needed to develop            alternative,    performance-based management
                   a shared vision of the future, which took about           systems to go beyond compliance; and
                   eight months to develop. From there, they set             encouraging voluntary systems for corporations
                   goals through their Task Forces. Ultimately,              of extended product responsibility. One success
                   they developed approximately 350 goals that               story involved Malden Mills in Massachusetts
                   were very specific, but cumbersome due to their           that uses recycled materials, stayed in an
                   number. Therefore, the list of goals for the              industrial "brownfields" , site, hired a 70%
                   future was narrowed down to the following 10:             minority workforce, worked with the community
                                                                             to clean the river, and ultimately, gained national
                     Health and the environment                              attention when it burned down before Christmas
                     Economic prosperity                                     and committed to rebuilding.              The other
                     Equity                                                  recommendations in this section deal with the
                     Conservation of nature                                  government's macroeconomic tools; e.g., tax
                     Stewardship                                             shifts and subsidy reforms to change economic
                     Communities                                             policy to        encourage      more       sustainable
                     Civic engagement                                        development.
                     Population
                     International leadership                                   The next chapter addresses natural resource
                     Education                                               stewardship. The Natural Resource Task Force
                                                                             used watersheds as its unit of study. The most
                   Following the establishment of goals, the PCSD            important lesson learned was collaboration across
                   set indicators of progress or benchmarks to               boundaries, agencies, and stakeholders.            The
                   measure progress towards goals.                           Task Force also emphasized the importance of
                                                                             ecosystem management based on examinations
                     After establishing goals and        measures, the       of sustainable agriculture, sustainable forestry,
                   Council started looking at ways to change how             and restoring fisheries.       One of the success
                   we do business today.         This information is         stories involved the striped bass in the
                   contained in the second chapter of the report,            Chesapeake Bay. Another important finding was
                   entitled "A New Framework for a New                       the need for better information to identify the
                   Century", which focuses on the environment and            nation's biological heritage. A final priority was
                   the regulatory framework. It examines how we              biodiversity conservation.
                   can regulate better, be more cost effective, and
                   achieve the same environmental goals. First and              Another critical part of the report addresses
                   foremost, the Council agreed that our existing            population and consumption. Population is an
                   environmental framework developed over the                issue for the United States as well as developing
                   past 25 years is a good one.              Given the       countries; we are the third largest nation in the
                   backgrounds of the individuals and the political          world and are the fastest growing developed
                   climate at the time, this was a fairly profound           country.     Our comparatively fast population
                   consensus.       The Council members also                 growth and extremely high consumption rate is
                   recognized that the framework is far from                 not a sustainable combination and should not be
                   perfect, and at times, needs to be more cost-             mimicked by the rest of the world. Reductions
                   effective, goal-oriented, performance-oriented,           in population are eclipsed by our consumption
                   and flexible. The framework needs to encourage



                   Page 34                                            DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference








            rate, and vice versa. Equity considerations are
            also interrelated.


              Finally, perhaps the heart of the work
            performed by the Council was at the community
            level. It quickly became apparent that the lack
            of a local government representative on the
            Council was a loss, but was compensated for
            somewhat by the meetings that were held. One
            notable   success    story   was     Chattanooga
            Tennessee; 20 years ago it was identified as the
            dirtiest city in the country and was losing jobs.
            Over several years, different groups collaborated
            and turned the city around until it was listed by
            EPA four years ago as one of the best places in
            the United States to live.


              While the report contains bold ideas, the
            members agreed that the process was the most
            remarkable accomplishment of the PCSD. This
            process entailed really listening and learning
            from each other over several years. In general,
            it was a process of consensus that leads to better
            decisions and policies. The challenge is now
            captured by the phrase, "To plan is human, to
            implement, divine." The report, itself, contains
            a lot of good ideas, only about one-third of
            which are aimed at the federal government.
            Implementation will have to come from groups
            like yourselves. At the federal level, President
            Clinton and Vice President Gore have given a
            commitment to start implementing some of the
            ideas over the next eight or nine months. The
            report will help guide implementation at other
            levels of government and can be most easily
            obtained        v i a  t h e   Internet       a t :
            [email protected], or it can be purchased
            from the Government Printing Office.














            DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference                                             Page 35













                       REPORT ON BREAKOUT GROUPS TO DEVELOP A COMMON
                        VISION FOR ACHIEVING BOTH HEALTHY ECONOMY AND
                        ENVIRONMENT, FOCUSING ON SPECIFIC COASTAL ISSUES




                 Introduction                                           the session and access to copies of ground rules
                                                                        for effective meetings. Each group was then
                    On the afternoon of the first day, a series of      subdivided into three smaller groups to identify
                 breakout    groups were        held   to     discuss   commonalities       and    differences      among
                 environmental and economic issues relevant to          participants, and later, to identify influential
                 Delmarva's coastal bays. While there are many          factors for their particular topic area over the
                 issues, all conference participants were assigned      past 20 years. On an individual basis, small
                 to one of the following four areas, which best         group members were next instructed to list their
                 reflected both environmental and economic              expectations as to what thefuture would be like,
                 interests as deten-nined by responses to the pre-      given the factors previously identified, if nothing
                 conference questionnaire:                              different was done. Statements were shared on
                                                                        a round robin basis with other small group
                    Tourism and Recreation                              members, before reconvening the large group for
                    Residential Growth and Development                  discussion. Based on input from the three small
                    Fisheries, Shellfisheries, Aquaculture;             groups, a single list was developed of
                    Agriculture: Poultry, Crops and Forestry            expectations for the future if nothing different
                                                                        occurs. Finally, while still in the large group
                    The goal for each group was to enable               setting, participants were asked on a round robin
                 participants to better understand and respect the      basis to identify elements of their ideal future,
                 wide range of perceptions and opinions involved        linking them to previously discussed themes.
                 in working toward a common vision for                  Each group also selected a spokesperson to
                 achieving both a robust economy and a health           report on their findings.
                 environment for the Delmarva Coastal Bay
                 watersheds.     Due to the large number of                Following dinner, the spokesperson for each
                 participants, two groups were held for each topic      of the eight groups reported back to all
                 for a total of eight groups.         In assigning      conference participants on their findings. Flip
                 participants to groups, the organizers of the          charts of the large group findings concerning the
                 conference tried to maximize the diversity of          future if nothing changes and the ideal future
                 backgrounds and interests represented, based on        were displayed along the walls of the meeting
                 information     supplied    on the       conference    room (flip charts of the small group findings
                 registration form.     Each group was lead by          concerning commonalities, differences, and
                 facilitators who had earlier completed training to     influential factors were compiled for future
                 standardize the process and recording of               review). At the conclusion of the presentations,
                 findings.                                              all participants were asked to affix colored dots
                                                                        next to the statements that most closely captured
                    On arrival to the breakout rooms, participants      their own beliefs (each participant was provided
                 were given a brief introduction to the purpose of      with seven dots that could be used separately for



                 Page 36                                          DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference








              seven different statements, or combined for               Ideal Future
              emphasis).     The different colors of the dots
              represented the backgrounds of the participant as              Bay ferry, bikes, public transportation (14
              follows:                                                       dots:      6 recreation and tourism, 4
                                                                             government, I business and industry, I
                 Agriculture                                                 fisheries, I citizen, I public interest group)
                 Government                                                  Restoration of bays (I I dots: 5 recreation
                 Business and Industry                                       and tourism, 3 government, 2 academia, I
                 Recreation and Tourism                                      business and industry)
                 Fisheries                                                 o More ecotourism (8 dots: 4 government, 2
                 Academia                                                    recreation and tourism, 2 public interest
                 Citizens                                                    group)
                 Public Interest Group                                     o More public water front access (6 dots: 4
                                                                             government, 2 recreation and tourism)
                 The remainder of this section presents the                o Limit intensive recreation to Ocean City (5
              large group findings as listed on the flip charts.             dots:    3 government, 2 recreation and
              The findings do not necessarily suggest group                  tourism)
              consensus. The total number and composition of               e Better fish and shellfish - more and bigger
              dots associated with particular statements is                  (4 dots: 2 government, I public interest
              identified, where applicable.              Statements          group, I business and industry)
              receiving the most dots are listed at the top of             * Bring money and leave it here; just send
              each group.       (Note:    when several popular               money (don't come)
              statements appeared next to each other, a "best              o Wider beach (3 dots: 2 government, I
              guess" has been made with respect to which                     business and industry)
              statement is intended based on the proximity of              o Balance between business and residential
              the dot.)                                                    o More cultural activities - theater, arboretum,
                                                                             etc. (I dot: recreation and tourism)
              Tourism and Recreation, Group #1                             o Safer    boating     practices    -    licenses,
                                                                             education/certification     (2    dots:         I
              Future if Nothing Changes                                      government, I business and industry)
                                                                           o 15 more golf courses (I dot: recreation and
                 ï¿½  Loss of habitat (I dot: government)                      tourism)
                 ï¿½  Loss of open space (I dot: citizen)
                 ï¿½  Transportation congestion                           Tourism and Recreation, Group #2
                 ï¿½  Surface water quality deterioration
                 ï¿½  Aquatic resources stress/fisheries decline          Future if Nothing Changes
                 ï¿½  Higher taxes and cost of living
                 ï¿½  Increased storm damage                                 o Decline of experience and quality of life -
                 ï¿½  Population increase                                      too many people; conflicts over diminished
                 ï¿½  Decline in supply and quality of                         resources; fisheries
                    ground water                                           o West shore would have to support east
                 ï¿½  Urbanization                                             shore
                 ï¿½  Casinos                                                * Deterioration of natural resources
                 ï¿½  Infrastructure demand increases                        o Change in type of recreation - gambling
                                                                           9 Aging population puts increased burden on
                                                                             local government services





              DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference                                                     Page 37







                      ï¿½ Conflict of tourism vs. aging population                 Promote/encourage year-round vs. seasonal
                        this will change the political landscape as              tourism
                        values of society change                                 Develop ecotourism
                      ï¿½ Demographic       changes      and     different
                        recreational needs                                 Residential Growth and Development,
                                                                            Group #1
                  Ideal Future
                                                                           Future if Nothing Changes
                      ï¿½ Increase density in designated growth areas
                        and protect agricultural land and forests             9  Increase in golf courses
                        from conversion to other uses (28 dots: 9             9  Loss of habitat and sense of place
                        government, 8 agriculture, 4 public interest          *  Decline in quality of life and more
                        group, 3 business and industry, 2 recreation             development
                        and tourism, I fisheries, I academia)                 9  Decline in quality of environment
                      ï¿½ Restrict development to areas with planned            9  Decline in farmland and disappearance of
                        infrastructure (5 dots:     3 recreation and             farms
                        tourism, I government, I public interest              *  Water quality of bays reduced
                        group)                                                9  Development on mainland will increase
                      ï¿½ Innovative wastewater       treatment - no            9  Decline and demise of watermen
                        sewers, limit growth          (4 dots:         2      *  Decline in water quality
                        government, 2 citizen)                                *  Increase in number of immigrants
                      ï¿½ Transfer of development rights or purchase            9  Shift in job availability to service jobs
                        development      rights    (3   dots:        all      *  Sprawl - conversion of agricultural land to
                        government)                                              residential
                      ï¿½ Restrict shoreline development, maintain              o  High-density on coastal highway
                        natural habitat (3 dots: 2 public interest            *  Fragmentation of ecosystem
                        group, I government)                                  o  Higher demands on government facilities
                      ï¿½ Clean saltwater (2 dots:          both public         *  Higher taxes
                        interest group)                                       o  Collapse of ecosystems
                      ï¿½ Uncongested roads                                     o  Overcrowding
                      ï¿½ Federally funded sewer systems                        o  Tragedy of the commons
                      ï¿½ Abundant fish and wildlife (I dot:                    o  Interstate highways
                        recreation and tourism)                               o  Impact of natural disasters
                      ï¿½ Ability of people to enjoy the area without           9  Increased urban runoff
                        negative impact (I dot: citizen)                      o  Unplanned "strip" development
                      ï¿½ More hands-on educational opportunities -             e  Water shortage - polluted aquifers, amount
                        cultural, historical, and natural resources (2           of groundwater vs. demand, declining
                        dots: I business and industry, I academia)               quality for recreation
                      ï¿½ Planned siting of marinas, discharge                  o  Lowering of expectations for quality of life
                        controls (I dot: government)                          o  Depletion of resources - fishing, farming,
                      ï¿½ Purchase more parkland (I dot: public                    etc.
                        interest group)                                       *  Increased crime as population increases
                      ï¿½ Greenways (2 dots:         I government, I            o  "Negative feedback" of decreasing life
                        fisheries)                                               quality may decrease development pressure
                      ï¿½ Sustainable recreation and tourism - only
                        dependent on this location, low impact
                        recreation, sustainable development, non-
                        consumptive recreation



                  Page 38                                            DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference








              Ideal Future                                               *  Sustainable economic development (I dot:
                                                                            public interest group)
                 ï¿½  Population control (27 dots:       13 public         9  Prevent litter and solid waste from entering
                    interest group, 10 government, 2 academia,              waterways (3 dots:         I agriculture, 1
                    2 citizen)                                              government, I public interest group)
                 ï¿½  Mandatory environmental education as part            9  Increased profitability of agriculture (3
                    of school (9 dots: 6 public interest group,             dots: agriculture)
                    2 government, I agriculture)                         *  Intensive    20-year     study     (2     dots:
                 ï¿½  Increased stewardship (7 dots:                3         government)
                    government, 2 public interest group, 1               9  Determine carrying capacity (I dot:
                    agriculture, I citizen)                                 government)
                 ï¿½  Sustainable development (4 dots:            all      9  "Tragedy of the Commons" required
                    government)                                             reading in high school (I dot:          public
                 ï¿½  Compromise between developers and                       interest group)
                    environmentalists for land restrictions (4
                    dots:   2 government, 2 public interest           Residential Growth and Development,
                    group)                                            Group #2
                 ï¿½  Eliminate political influence (4 dots: 2
                    public interest group, I agriculture, I           Future if Nothing Changes
                    government)
                 ï¿½  Public    education,     appreciation,     and       *  Failed infrastructure - water, transportation,
                    awareness (3 dots:       all public interest            schools, sewage, stormwater management,
                    group)                                                  public utilities
                 ï¿½  Similar environment elsewhere                        *  Decline in quality of life - crime, property
                 ï¿½  Systematic approach to planning                         taxes, traffic, siltation of channels, cost of
                 ï¿½  Watershed planning (3 dots: 2 government,               living
                    I public interest group)                             o  Increase in human population - loss of open
                 ï¿½  Stricter land use control                               space, decline in air and water quality, loss
                 ï¿½  Effective buffers next to water (3 dots: 2              of habitat, loss of woodlands, loss of
                    government, I citizen)                                  agriculture
                 ï¿½  Public realization and acceptance to limit           o  Some cause for optimism - through
                    growth (3 dots: 2 public interest group, I              planning and awareness, NEP
                    government)                                          o  Loss of biological resources - habitat loss,
                 ï¿½  Lack of effective critical areas                        water quality
                 ï¿½  Greater use of conservation easements (3             *  Economic opportunities - limited; rich get
                    dots:     2    public   interest group,       I         richer
                    government)                                          *  Human health related problems
                 ï¿½  Restoration of wetlands and barrier islands          *  Funding shifts/, change in priorities for
                    (5 dots: 2'government, 2 public interest                government
                    groups, I citizen)                                   o  Northern bays could serve as harbinger for
                 ï¿½  Better understanding of habitat (I dot:                 future of southern bays
                    public interest group)
                 ï¿½  Preservation of biodiversity (2 dots:         I   Ideal Future
                    government,J public interest group)
                 ï¿½  Serious effect for land base runoff (2 dots:            Ecological quality index to educate public -
                    I business and industry, I public interest               for each coastal bay (20 dots:              14
                    group)                                                  government, 3 academia, 2 citizen, I public
                                                                            interest group)



              DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference                                                   Page 39








                       ï¿½Adaptive reuse of abandoned/degraded                Fisheries, Shellfisheries and Aquaculture,
                        properties (13 dots: 6 government, 4 public         Group #1
                        interest, I agriculture, I tourism and
                        recreation, I academia)                             Future if Nothing Changes
                       ï¿½More shoreline/marsh preservation (9 dots:
                        4 government, 2 citizen, I fisheries, 1               9  Diminished commercial and recreational
                        academia, I public interest group)                       opportunities
                       ï¿½More      community        involvement        in      *  Increase in aquaculture
                        conservation issues/decisions (8 dots:         5      *  Increased degradation of water quality
                        government, I academia, I citizen, I public           9  Altered species composition
                        interest group)                                       e  Shift away from fisheries activities to less
                       ï¿½Expanded       environmental         education           outdoor-oriented activities
                        programs     in   schools (8       dots:       2      *  Loss of species/biodiversity
                        government, 2 business and industry, 2                9  Increasingly restrictive regulations
                        public interest group, I academia, I citizen)         *  Increased     development        because      of
                       ï¿½County planning 50 years in future (6 dots:              degradation of environment
                        government)                                           e  Decreased property values
                       ï¿½Habitat preservation (6 dots: 2 business              *  Public desensitization
                        and industry, 2 citizen, 2 public interest            *  Biotechnology may save us
                        group)                                                *  Death of the bay
                       ï¿½Would like to see it look like Outer Banks
                        (3 dots: 2 government, I citizen)                   Ideal Future
                       ï¿½Control      growth       with       adequate
                        environmental protection                                 More conservation areas - land, water,
                       ï¿½Farmland preservation (4 dots: 2 citizen, I              wetland, forests (22 dots: 9 government, 4
                        agriculture, I government)                               public interest group, 2 recreation and
                       ï¿½More compatible industry (2 dots:              I         tourism, 2 fisheries, 2 citizen, I agriculture,
                        government, I tourism and recreation)                    I academia, I business and industry)
                       ï¿½Increased wildlife (I dot: citizen)                      Fishermen more conservation-minded (10
                       ï¿½Clean air and water (4 dots: 3 citizen, I                dots:    5 government, 2 public interest
                        government)                                              group, I agriculture, I business and
                       ï¿½Land use decisions that reflect cumulative               industry, I fisheries)
                        impact (4 dots: 2 government, I business                 Increased eco-tourism (10 dots:               5
                        and industry, I public interest group)                   government, I business and industry,          I
                       ï¿½Higher standard of design applied to                     recreation and tourism, I fisheries,          I
                        commercial and residential development (I                academia, I public interest group)
                       -dot: business and industry)                              Eliminate  nutria (8 dots: 5 public interest
                       ï¿½ More restrictive land use regulations (3                group, 2 government, I business and
                        dots: all government)                                    industry)
                       ï¿½ Balanced    ecosystem     (3    dots:       all         Increase   in aquaculture (8 dots:            I
                        government)                                              agriculture, I government, I business and
                                                                                 industry, I recreation and tourism, I
                                                                                 fisheries, I academia, I citizen, I public
                                                                                 interest group)
                                                                                 Improved water quality (5 dots:               2
                                                                                 recreation and tourism, I government, I
                                                                                 academia, I public interest group)




                  Page 40                                            DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference








                  ï¿½Participative decision making by all                  9  More expensive and difficult to solve
                   involved parties (5 dots: 4 government, I                problems
                   recreation and tourism)                               *  High unemployment
                  ï¿½Sustainable fisheries at level above/higher           9  Increased preservation of shorelines to
                   than today's (3 dots: all government)                    protect commercial properties - beach
                  ï¿½Fisheries at pre-settlement levels                       restoration
                  ï¿½No aquaculture                                        *  Inability to get away from jet skis - only
                  ï¿½High quality development that increases                  use for water is recreational
                   property values (3 dots: all government)              9  Fish wars - warring anglers between nations
                                                                            and/or states due to diminished stocks
              Fisheries, Shellfisheries and Aquaculture,                 *  More steak restaurants on coastal highway
              Group #2                                                   9  More large commercial shopping centers -
                                                                            increased development
              Future if Nothing Changes                                  9  "Coastal bays landfill project" - "Fill it in
                                                                            and build on it"
                  ï¿½Big brother regulations                               *  Job loss due' to decreased fish/shellfish
                  ï¿½Reduced opportunities         - recreational,            stocks
                   commercial                                            *  Loss of reasons to improve environment
                  ï¿½Economic collapse - unemployment, crime,              *  Need new development to replace jobs, but
                   drug trafficking, desperation                            development will further reduce water
                  ï¿½Twilight of the sea                                      quality
                  ï¿½Eventual environmental destruction                    *  Expensive seafood
                  ï¿½Eventual end of water-based recreation                9  Loss of desirable species may encourage
                  ï¿½Degraded habitat and ecosystem                           "trash" species
                  ï¿½Deteriorated quality of life                          o  May lose tradition of "watennen" culture
                  ï¿½Changes in economy                                    o  Increased regulation of all fishing
                  ï¿½Diminished water quality                              o  Loss of recreational industry
                  ï¿½Increased anoxic levels      - algae blooms           o  Aquaculture will expand
                   leading to deaths in higher organisms like            o  Diminished food stocks (and drinking
                   shellfish                                                water)
                  ï¿½Vacancy signs on tackle shops                         o  Increasing stress on reduced fish stocks
                  ï¿½Increased closures of areas for     swimming,         a  Further loss of habitat
                   fishing, and clamming                                 o  Algal blooms/"red tide"
                  ï¿½Increased disgruntled public        demanding         o  Anoxia
                   government solutions                                  9  Sediment contamination
                  ï¿½No more fishing/crabbing (recreational and            o  Altered natural landscape
                   commercial)
                  ï¿½Decreased aesthetic and financial value of         Ideal Future
                   property
                  ï¿½Greater residential development of wetlands           9  No more jet skis (34 dots:          16 public
                  ï¿½Total government regulation to point of                  interest group, 9 government, 4 recreation
                   socialism                                                and tourism, 3 fisheries, I academia, I
                  ï¿½More expensive seafood                                   citizen)
                  ï¿½Huge trade deficits                                   o  Restoration of submerged aquatic vegetation
                  ï¿½No more kids with chicken necks on strings               (22 dots: 9 government, 6 public interest,
                  ï¿½Imitation seafood                                        3 academia, 2 citizen, I business and
                  ï¿½Increased reliance on other fish populations             industry, I fisheries)
                   and eventual destruction of those species



              DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference                                                   Page 41








                    ï¿½ Greater understanding of coastal processes                within the natural resource capacity;
                      and ecosystems (8 dots: 4 government, 2                   enriched by their environment and each
                      public interest group, I academia, I citizen)             other (3 dots: 2 government, I academia)
                    ï¿½ Healthy      economic       base    built     on          Opportunities for present and future
                      environmentally-friendly and environmental                generations to enjoy and use resources and
                      businesses (7 dots:            3 citizen,       2         the natural environment - leave better than
                      government, I business and industry, I                    we found it
                      academia)
                    ï¿½ Rural character of area maintained (6 dots:         Agriculture, PoultKy, Crops and ForesLu,
                      4 government, 2 public interest group)              Group #1
                    ï¿½ More wetlands (6 dots: 4 government, 2
                      public interest group)                              Future if Nothing Changes
                    ï¿½ No more waterfront development
                    ï¿½ Carefully planned communities                          9  Decreased land available for agricultural
                    ï¿½ Partnerships between schools, government,                 development due to production
                      and business to take hard science and                  9  Decreased water supply due to irrigation,
                      transform it to marketable products (2 dots:              development demands, pollution
                      both public interest group)                            *  Increased cost of living
                    ï¿½ Sustained natural resources                            *  More productivity and efficiency per acre
                    ï¿½ Economic growth (4 dots:        2 business and            due to technologies and new products
                      industry, I citizen, I public   interest group)        e  Decreased agricultural productivity due to
                    ï¿½ Look like it did 75 years ago (2 dots: I                  soil degradation, disease, and pests
                      government, I fisheries)                               *  Less farming/less family farms
                    ï¿½ Ocean and bay nature reserves (3 dots:                 9  Domination by forest monoculture and
                      government)                                               many poultry farms
                    ï¿½ Increased awareness by public of what has              *  Less concern for local agricultural interests
                      been done and what can be done (I dot:                 *  Continued stakeholder conflicts
                      citizen)                                               9  Health concerns
                    ï¿½ Aquaculture developed so it is a household             o  Increased population
                      word (2 dots: I government, I business                 o  Less tourists
                      and industry)                                          o  Habitat and wetlands loss
                    ï¿½ No more marine debris/trash (2 dots: I                 *  Less open space
                      government, I public interest group)                   9  Reduced recreational opportunities
                    ï¿½ All shoreline development halted and                   o  Decreased surface water quality
                      beaches returned to natural state for public           0  More transportation and infrastructure
                      use (4 dots: 2 government, I citizen, I                   demands
                      public interest group)                                 0  Waste management problems
                    ï¿½ Open shellfish beds                                    o  Increased pesticide and herbicide use
                    ï¿½ Diversified use of bays
                    ï¿½ Sustainable fisheries stocks/industry               Ideal Future
                    ï¿½ Controlled development - designate natural
                      areas                                                  o  Regional planning based on ecosystems and
                    ï¿½ Local Pride (I dot: citizen)                              better knowledge of ecosystems and
                    ï¿½ Sustainable use of all resources (4 dots: all             function - forestry, agriculture, poultry, and
                      government)                                               other uses (31 dots:       8 government, 6
                    ï¿½ Goal of "zero discharge" (I dot: citizen)                 agriculture, 6 public interest group, 5
                    ï¿½ Commerce, agriculture, marine industry,                   academia, 3 citizen, 2 fisheries, I recreation
                      tourism, and residents living in harmony                  and tourism)



                 Page 42                                            DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference








                ï¿½ Protection of sensitive and critical areas (26        o Politics/less subsidies
                  dots:    14 government, 6 public interest             e Less conservation planning/more adverse
                  group, 2 fisheries, 2 citizen, I agriculture,           impacts
                  I academia)                                           o Equality loss
                ï¿½ Education of problems and solutions,                  o Ocean will move in
                  including      regulated   community        and       o Changes in lifestyle
                  stakeholders (23 dots: 13 government, 5               o Population increase
                  public interest group, 3 academia, I                  o Conversion           o f   farmland          to
                  recreation and tourism, I citizen)                      residential/commercial uses
                ï¿½ Population control (15 dots:        10 public         o Fragmented forest/coastal lands
                  interest group, 2 government, 2 citizen, I            e Production will decrease due to land/water
                  agriculture)                                            pollution
                ï¿½ Tri-state agriculture planning for estuary            o Increasing amount of arable land owned by
                  preservation (9 dots:      5 public interest            agribusiness
                  group, 3 academia, I government)                      a Loss of open space, rural life, biodiversity
                ï¿½ Promote "green" farming practices - reduce            o Reduction in quality of drinking water
                  pesticide/herbicide     use    and     increase       o Forestry and agriculture will diversify and
                  recycling or containment (9 dots:             6         intensify
                  government, 2 public interest group, I                o Increase in impervious surface, decrease in
                  academia)                                               water quality
                ï¿½ Involve stakeholders - increased cooperation          o Agriculture becoming more friendly
                  (2 dots:      I business and industry, I              o Loss of forestry market
                  academia)                                             * More efficient use of farmland/poultry
                ï¿½ Balanced approach to land use and                       industry
                  management (I dot: public interest group)             o Government will streamline regulations for
                ï¿½ Incentives for multiple land use (2 dots: I             conservation planning
                  government, I academia)                               o Increase in nonpoint source pollution
                ï¿½ Agricultural diversity                                o Too many peopleibirth control
                ï¿½ More understanding of how market forces               o Pollution        decreasing          through
                  affect local farming practices (3 dots: I               technology/BMPs
                  agriculture, I government, I public interest          o Negative impacts on wetlands
                  group)                                                9 Create more wetlands through new
                ï¿½ Resource management enforcement and                     techniques
                  strengthening existing policy
                                                                     Ideal Future
             Agriculture, Poultry, Crops and Forestry,
             Group #2                                                   o Government with common sense (17 dots:
                                                                          5 agriculture, 4 government, 3 citizen, 2
             Future if Nothing Changes                                    academia, 2 public interest group, I
                                                                          recreation and tourism)
                ï¿½ Development will swallow up forestry -                o Development prohibited along shorelines
                  short-term gains and long-term loss of                  and wetlands (9 dots: 5 government, 3
                  sustainable use                                         public interest group, I agriculture)
                ï¿½ No forests - development of farms                     o Effective public/private partnership to
                ï¿½ Less farmers/less land - increase in land               maintain productive and environmentally
                  values                                                  compatible farming (7 dots:          3 public
                ï¿½ Less fartners/more poultry                              interest group, 2 government, I business
                ï¿½ Factory fan-ns - growing food for chickens              and industry, I citizen)



             DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference                                                  Page 43








                      ï¿½ Inclusion of agricultural community in                 * Zoning to limit housing development for
                        watershed planning (7 dots: 5 government,                open land and parks (2 dots:                both
                        2 public interest group)                                 government)
                      ï¿½ More open space, less density around inland            9 Technology of farming more in harmony
                        bays (6 dots: 2 public interest group, I                 with nature values
                        agriculture, I government, I academia, I               & Reforestation of large tracts of land (I dot:
                        citizen)                                                 government)
                      ï¿½ Leave wetlands alone and protect forest (6             * Protection of prime agricultural land and
                        dots: 4 government, I fisheries, I citizen)              directed growth (I dot:        public interest
                      ï¿½ Grocery stores agreeing to sell locally                  group)
                        grown products (6 dots: 4 government, 2                9 End of the plague of greed (2 dots: both
                        public interest)                                         public interest group)
                      ï¿½ Forest buffers on all streams and shoreline
                        (4 dots: 3 government, I public interest
                        group)
                      ï¿½ Development of more organically growing
                        farms (4 dots: 2 government, I fisheries, I
                        academia)
                      ï¿½ "Better" chicken (4 dots: 3 agriculture, I
                        government)
                      ï¿½ Prosperous and environmentally friendly
                      ï¿½ Farms     increase    productivity      through
                        technology using less damaging chemicals
                        and buffers to prevent runoff (I dot:
                        recreation and tourism)
                      ï¿½ Improve balance between farming and
                        development (2 dots: both agriculture)
                      ï¿½ Extend high profits for agriculture and
                        forestry while enhancing environmental
                        quality (2 dots: both agriculture)
                      ï¿½ No net loss of farm acreage, increase in
                        family farms and use of best available
                        technology to reduce pollution
                      ï¿½ Produce wetlands as a cash crop (2 dots., I
                        government, I public interest group)
                      ï¿½ Realistic, comprehensive land use planning
                        fully implemented         (2 dots:         both
                        government)
                      ï¿½ Less supply-side intervention (I dot:
                        government)
                      ï¿½ More vegetable farming, fewer chickens (2
                        dots: both citizen)
                      ï¿½ People with attitudes of conserving rather
                        than consuming (3 dots: I government, I
                        business and industry, I fisheries)
                      ï¿½ Balance     between      development and
                        conservation (I dot: government)
                      ï¿½ Fully-funded conservation reserve program



                  Page 44                                            DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference
















                                      STATE OF MARYLAND REMARKS


                                                    Verna Harrison
                                 Maryland Department of Natural Resources



               Verna Harrison is an Assistant Secretary at         Yesterday we gave thought to what the future
            the Maryland Department ofNatural Resources,         might hold, and this morning we are going to
            and is responsiblefor the Chesapeake Bay and         hear about science and assessment - the
            watershed programs.                                  findings of today. My purpose in speaking to
                                                                 you is to commit Maryland's full support to
               Good morning. Very briefly I would just like      work with Delaware and Virginia, the various
            to say on behalf of the Maryland Department of       federal partners, our very important local
            Natural Resources and Governor Glendening and        government partners, citizen interests, and
            the members of his Cabinet, that the Governor is     Congress, towards the development and
            strongly   committed     to the preservation,        implementation of actions that can make our
            protection, and restoration of the coastal bays.     visions a reality. So I want to commend you for
            We want to assure you of our support in              taking your time on a Friday and Saturday to
            working with the very many partners that are         work together. Thank you.
            here in making this a reality.

               One of the things that struck me last night as
            I listened to the speaker from the President's
            Council on Sustainable Development was that
            the Council members noted a couple of things
            associated with successful actions. These are
            among the lessons that we have learned from the
            Chesapeake Bay restoration program. And they
            are obviously embodied in what we are seeing
            today in that people are gathered here to
            cooperate and collaborate, and in the process,
            listen. It is a long road, but with the kind of
            enthusiasm and energy that we have seen, it can
            absolutely happen.










            DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference                                            Page 45














                                  ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH OF THE DELMARVA
                                         COASTAL BAYS AND THEIR WETLANDS


                                                           Dr. Frederick Kutz
                                                             EPA Region III



                     Dr. Rick Kutz received a Ph.D. ftom Purdue                We found a wealth of new information
                   University with a concentration in Medical                  about the bays and also confirmed on a
                   Entymolog@, Physiology, andEcology. Dr. Kutz                system-wide basis some older existing
                   has worked for EPA for the past 20 years,                   findings.    On behalf of the Delmarva
                   including 12 years with the Office of Prevention,           Coastal Bays Assessment Group who
                   Pesticides and Toxic Substances where he                    planned and implemented the study, I am
                   worked on studies involving environmental                   pleased to briefly describe our findings.
                   epidemiology and human exposure to pesticides
                   and other toxic substances. He joined EPA's                 This was a truly cooperative effort among
                   Office of Research and Development in 1985,                 the State and Federal agencies listed here.
                   and is currently a Regional Scientistfor EPA's              All phases of the study - planning,
                   Region Iff.                                                 sampling and examining results - were
                                                                               accomplished together over about a four
                   Slide No. 1 - Title and Cooperators                         year period.

                     ï¿½  Good morning! I am pleased to be here.            Slide No. 2 - Picture of Benthic Sampler (Not
                                                                          Included)
                     ï¿½  The objective of my presentation today       is
                        to share with you some findings about the              This study emphasized the condition of the
                        condition of the Delaware and Maryland                 living resources of the coastal bays -- the
                        coastal bays.    In order to gain a more               fish, the submerged aquatic plants and the
                        detailed understanding of our study, you are           bottom-dwelling organisms.         This slide
                        invited to see the exhibit on display here at          shows the scientific equipment (Young-
                        the conference.     If you are particularly            modified Van Veen sampler) used to
                        interested in the entire scientific report,            sample bottom-dwelling organisms. As you
                        please leave your name and address, and a              will note, it's not as simple as reaching
                        copy will be sent to you when it is                    down to the bottom and grabbing a handful
                        available in a few months. A two-page                  of muck.
                        summary is provided at the exhibit booth.
                                                                               All of these living creatures represent
                     ï¿½  This study was designed to provide a                   crucial elements of a healthy bay. We also
                        "report card" on the condition of the                  measured other important parameters -
                        coastal bays. It was intended as a snap shot           water quality, chemical contaminants in the
                        to characterize the major problems.                    bottom sediment. We studied most of the
                                                                               important stresses affecting the bays.


                   Page 46                                          DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference








              Slide No. 3 - Significant Findings                          SAV. Vegetation beneath the surface of
                                                                          the water provides crucial habitat for
                 ï¿½  This slide summarizes the major scientific            spawning and development of fish, crabs
                    findings of the study.                                and other estuarine animals. This hostile
                                                                          habitat for SAV is caused by elevated
                 ï¿½  Major portions of the coastal bays were               nutrient levels which stimulate algal blooms
                    found to have degraded environmental                  and decrease water clarity, thus reducing
                    conditions due largely to excessive nutrients         light required for the growth of submerged
                    from human activities.         Twenty-eight           plants.
                    percent of the area in the coastal bays had
                    degraded communities of bottom-dwelling               Traces of pesticides and other toxic
                    organisms (worms, insects and clams).                 compounds were detected, probably a
                    These    bottom-dwelling       or     benthic         remnant of historic inputs. Most frequently
                    communities are important because they                detected pesticides were DDT, dieldrin and
                    represent a critical level in the food chain,         chlordane; most frequently detected other
                    serving as food to many types of fish and             toxic compounds were nickel and arsenic.
                    crabs. They also serve as good indicators
                    of water quality.                                     Man-made dead-end canals were profoundly
                                                                          degraded. About 57% of their area had
                    - Within the coastal bays, Chincoteague               dissolved oxygen concentrations less than
                      Bay at the southern boundary was in the             state standards of 5 ppm. Man-made, dead-
                      best condition of the four major                    end canals were also biologically barren,
                      subsystems, while Indian River at the               averaging only 4 bottom-dwelling (benthic)
                      northern part was in the worst. This                species per sample compared to 26 species
                      seems to form a gradient of the best                per sample in the remaining portions of the
                      condition in the South and the worst in             coastal bays. Traces of pesticides were also
                      the north.    Only 11% of the area in               found more frequently in these canals.
                      Chincoteague      Bay     had     degraded
                      communities of bottom-dwelling worms                The scientific approach used in this study
                      and insects compared to 77% in Indian               allowed comparison of conditions in the
                      River. Less than 10% of the area in                 coastal bays with that in other major
                      Indian River was suitable for the growth            estuarine systems in EPA Region 111. The
                      of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV).              coastal bays were found to be in about the
                      In comparison, almost 45% of the area               same condition as Chesapeake Bay or
                      in Chincoteague Bay was shown to                    Delaware Bay with respect to water quality
                      support SAV. In fact, the most abundant             and    condition     of     bottom-dwelling
                      growth of SAV is found in Chincoteague              communities. Of course, the actual size of
                      Bay.                                                the Chesapeake and Delaware Bays far
                                                                          exceed the area of these coastal bays and
                    - Tidal streams (tributaries to the bay)              must be considered when making these
                      were in poorer condition than the main              comparisons.      There are many other
                      bodies of the coastal bays.                         differences as well.

                    Eutrophication     (nutrient     enrichment)          The variety and abundance of fish in
                    threatens recolonization of submerged                 Maryland's coastal bays were found to have
                    aquatic vegetation. More than 75% of the              remained relatively unchanged during the
                    area in the coastal bays was found to have            past twenty years, while that of similar
                    water quality unsuitable for the growth of            systems in Delaware have changed



              DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference                                                Page 47








                        substantially. The kinds of fish found in              Maryland from Virginia falls across
                        the Maryland coastal bays are dominated by             Chincoteague Bay.          Obviously, the
                        Atlantic silversides, bay anchovy, Atlantic            movement of pollutants across this line
                        menhaden, and spot, which is similar to                would be unobstructed.         Therefore, a
                        those measured in the Delaware coastal                 Delmarva-wide watershed management
                        bays 35 years ago.       The fish fauna in             approach is imperative.
                        Delaware's coastal bays today has shifted
                        markedly toward killifish and sheepshead               Related to a Delmarva-wide approach to the
                        minnows which are more tolerant to                     management of these areas, we need to
                        adverse environmental stress.           While          know what is happening in the Virginia
                        silversides, anchovy, menhaden and spot                coastal bays. A powerful advantage of the
                        have a broad range which includes both bay             approach used to examine the Delaware and
                        and ocean waters, the killifish and                    Maryland coastal bays is having the
                        sheepshead minnows have a much more                    environmental information to tell whether
                        restricted range and usually stay within               the actions that are taken are doing the
                        several hundred feet of their hatching                 right things in the right way. Therefore, a
                        ground. This means that the food chain has             real priority    in this Delmarva-wide
                        been weakened because they are less                    approach is gathering similar data for the
                        available to predator birds and fish feeding           Virginia coastal bays.
                        on them.
                                                                               The construction of additional dead-end
                  Slide No. 4 - Potential Management                           canals needs careful study. These canals
                  Implications                                                 are defined as being at least 200 feet in
                                                                               length with engineered side walls. These
                     ï¿½  A number of potential management                       canals are for practical purposes devoid of
                        implications logically follow the results of           living organisms, and thus, contribute little
                        this study.                                            to the ecological health of the bays as a
                                                                               whole.
                     ï¿½  Nutrients appear to be the major stress
                        affecting this system. The sources of these            Decisions to dredge new channels and to
                        nutrients need to be identified, and                   redredge existing ones need thorough
                        strategies to reduce them need to be                   consideration because of the unexpected
                        implemented. Eutrophication is affecting               detection of traces of pesticides and other
                        the plants and animals so important to                 toxic chemicals. The actual operation of
                        restoring the health of these estuaries.               dredging exposes the organisms living in
                                                                               the bay to these chemicals. With the data
                     ï¿½  When these results are examined on a                   that we have now, it is difficult to predict
                        system-wide basis, it becomes apparent that            whether any kind of biological effect will
                        relationships exists among the bays in the             occur. Additionally, the bottom sediment
                        three-state area. For example, much of the             removed during dredging operations may
                        stress associated with these bodies of water           need to be placed in areas where it will not
                        comes from non-point sources. Many of the              drain back into the bays.
                        non-point sources affecting the northern
                        part of Maryland bays are actually within        Slide 6 - Summary (picture of bay - not
                        the State of Delaware. This is because           included)
                        some of the area which drains into
                        Maryland bays fall within Delaware.                    This study shows that major parts of the
                        Looking at a map, the State Line separating            Delaware and Maryland coastal bays are



                  Page 48                                          DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference









                 degraded resulting from man-induced
                 stresses. Plants and animals living in the
                 bays are showing indications of decline and
                 change. Nutrients appear to be the most
                 important problem; however, other potential
                 problems also have been detected.

                 A frequently-asked question of audiences
                 after hearing this presentation is "What
                 happens if no changes are made?" That is
                 a difficult prediction to make. The stressful
                 conditions that we found will certainly not
                 change without our intervention.             if
                 nutrients continue to increase in these
                 systems, certainly algal problems will
                 become more prominent. Episode5 of algal
                 blooms and other related effects will
                 become more common.










































            DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference                                               Page 49







              Delaware= Maryland Coastal Bays
                          Joint Assessment

                            A Collaborative Effort of

                     Delaware Department of Natural Resources and-
                     Environmental Control
   to
                     Maryland Department of the Environment
                     Maryland Department of Natural Resources

                     Region III
             k@ Zia  Delaware Inland Bays Estuary Program
               PA7elll
                     Office of Research and Development (EMAP).







                                Significant Findings


                 Degraded Environmental Quality Found in Major Areas
                 Eutrophication Threatens Living Resources in Bays

                 Traces of Pesticides and otherToxic Chemicals in Sediments

                 Man-made, Dead-End Canals are the Most Severely
                 Degraded Areas

                 Coastal Bays are as Degraded as Delaware Bay or
                 Chesapeake Bay

                 Changes in Fish Communities in Delaware Over Past 35
                 Years. No Change in Fish Communities in Maryland Over
                 Past 20 Years.





   (rQ
















    (IQ
    tv
    U1
    N


                      Potential Management Implications


                  * Eutrophication Appears to Be Major Stress; Need to
                    Identify and Reduce. Nutrient Inputs Into Bays

                   & Delmarva-Wide Watershed Management Approach
                    Recommended Because of Interrelations of Bays

                   eCoastal Bays in Virginia Need Assessment

                    Additional Dead-End Canals Require Careful Study;
    rA
                    Detrimental to Ecological Health of Bays
                    Dredging Decisions Need Consideration Due to
    'A              Pesticides and otherToxic Chemicals in Sediments













                                      ECONOMIC STATUS OF FISHERIES
                                                 AND AQUACULTURE

                                                       John Dunnigan
                                           Atlantic States Marine Fisheries
                                                         Commission




               John Dunnigan is the Executive Director of           Director of our Habitat Program and did most of
            the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission,        the legwork in putting this information together.
            which wasformed over 50 years ago to improve            I would also like to thank all of our resource
            inter-state cooperation and coordination to             specialists who are listed in the conference
            protect the public's interest in coastal fishing        program. In addition, I want to recognize Tim
            resources. The Commission is best knownfor its          Goodyear from the National Marine Fisheries
            inter-statefisheries management program, which          Service, Jeff Tinsman from the State of
            coordinates regulatory planning among states            Delaware, and Mark Homer and Jim Casey
            with coastal fisheries.     Prior to joining the        from the Maryland Department of Natural
            Commission, Mr. Dunnigan had an extensive               Resources.
            career with the National Oceanic and
            Atmospheric Administration, and the National              It is interesting that fisheries seem to always
            Marine Service, serving in a variety of legal and       receive such a specific focus. The fact that it
            programmatic positions in the field as well as          gets highlighted is a testament to the enduring
            headquarters.                                           and intrinsic values that we all place in fish and
                                                                    fisheries when we start to think of coastal areas.
               What we do at the Atlantic States Marine             Fisheries are a good indicator; they are one of
            Fisheries Commission is something that all of           the ways that you know whether or not a good
            you will be focusing on over this period of study       job is being done in husbanding the coastal
            - find ways of bringing people together. The            environment. It's one of the ways that we first
            Commission recognizes that none of the 15               see the results of what we are doing, or the pain
            coastal states can adequately protect their long-       of what we are not doing.
            term interests without working together. This
            whole concept of working together is both                 The Delmarva Bays are a microcosm of a lot
            critical and exciting, based on the Commission's        of the issues that play out up and down the
            experience of bringing 15 sovereign states              Atlantic coast. However, there are also certain
            together to mutually define their common                issues that tend to make this area unique and this
            interests and then agreeing to move forward by          conference will probably want to focus on these.
            taking steps that are in everyone's best interests.     This presentation will cover resources and
                                                                    habitat, commercial and recreational fisheries,
               At the outset, I want to thank some of the           aquaculture, and conflicts. The information,
            people who helped in the development of this            however, will be very qualitative, which should
            presentation, particularly Dianne Stephan from          provide a certain indication of the direction you
            the staff of the Commission. Dianne is the              will want to take. There is a lot of primary



            DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference                                                 Page 53








                     information that is being collected, but we had           dependent upon are doing fairly well right now,
                     difficulty finding a lot of that information              for example, the success in bringing back the
                     collated in such a way that people who are                striped bass resource along the Atlantic Coast.
                     considering and determining policy can fully
                     utilize it. There is a lot of work yet to be done         Some seem to be improving, such as summer
                     in this area of trying to provide some structure          flounder fishing, which was almost closed a few
                     to the information that is available about these          years ago, and weakfish fishing, which appears
                     fisheries.    It is also important to note that           to be beginning a recovery according to the
                     fisheries must be examined on a system-wide               most recent stock assessment.
                     basis, and not as a single issue, because they are
                     tied to many of the other economic and social               There are very few charter boats that operate
                     issues that are attendant in these Delmarva               in this area.     The fishery is dominated by
                     coastal bays.     We can't even really look at            private, individually-owned craft. This creates
                     individual fish species, because the way that             interesting    opportunities      and      interesting
                     they are prosecuted ties everything together.             problems.        The opportunities for, local
                                                                               businesses and for tourism are closely linked.
                       Commercial fisheries in this area are                   But the opportunity creates problems when you
                     predominantly small family operations, rela-              have large numbers of tourist recreational
                     tively few in number, and very much tied to               fishermen who are only in the area for short
                     being able to respond to whatever fish are                periods of time. They are a diverse community
                     available at any given time. These small vessel           and it is extremely difficult to get in touch with
                     operations are similar to those found in many             them concerning the status of the resources and
                     areas up and down the Atlantic Coast, and must            good fishing practices. They are also very hard
                     be able to target and switch their catch                  to sample to determine impacts on the fishery
                     depending on the availability of the resources            resources.    The major recreational fisheries
                     from season to season and from year to year.              sampling mechanism along the Atlantic Coast is
                     A wide variety of species are caught, many of             the National Marine Fisheries Services and
                     which are the same as those caught along other            Marine Recreational Fisheries Statistics Survey,
                     areas of the coast.                                       which is not designed to yield information and
                                                                               data on a scale that is relevant to inland bays or
                       The economic values of these fisheries are not          even on a state level. This survey was designed
                     well-documented.      Many of the statistics are          15 years ago to provide broad coastal
                     there, but they do not always distinguish                 information. In a number of instances, states,
                     between what happens in the bays and what                 including Maryland, have tried to supplement
                     happens in the oceans.        In order to address         this survey data. But often there are not enough
                     concerns over the coastal bays, we have to be             resources to capture all of the data that is
                     able to develop a system that will capture that           needed.
                     information for us. But in general, the whole
                     panoply of species that are important along the             Aquaculture is, perhaps, a large area of
                     Atlantic Coast are important in the Coastal Bays          opportunity still to be explored in the inland
                     (e.g., flounder, weakfish, shad, striped bass,            coastal bays. There are operations underway in
                     and many others).                                         Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia for clarns and
                                                                               scallops. Governments have not yet figured out
                       A much larger        fishery in the Delmarva            how to respond completely to this opportunity of
                     Coastal Bays exists for the recreational fisheries.       using coastal waters for aquaculture. This is
                     Currently, there are both good and bad signs              true all along the Atlantic Coast. There are a
                     concerning the state of this resource. Some of            number of businessmen who have tried to make
                     the species that the recreational fishery is              investments in aquaculture for some species that



                     Page 54                                            DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference









             we have been aware of for some time (e. g.,                     information and make it useable to
             rock fish), as well as others (e.g., summer                     public policy decision-makers.
             flounder). Governments have not yet learned
             how to deal effectively and efficiently with these        3)    Focus on education. There is a great
             businesses, resulting in complaints regarding the               opportunity here to raise people's
             labyrinth of regulations and procedures at all                  consciousness concerning the critical
             levels of government. The situation is further                  nexus between habitat, fisheries, and
             complicated by technologies that are still under                economics.
             development and businessmen that are trying to
             break into traditional markets.          Therefore,       4)    Working together can break down the
             aquaculture has to undergo much more                            barriers of communication and overcome
             development before it is a major factor                         the rhetoric that clouds public policy
             influencing the fisheries in the area.                          decision-making          and      fisheries
                                                                             conservation and management decision-
                The Delmarva Inland Bays are distinguished                   making.
             from other regional and sub-regional fisheries by
             the small size of the area, both in terms of miles
             and the size of the watershed. In addition to
             being a relatively contained area, barrier islands
             make this a very fragile environment.
             Development has consumed much of the buffer
             zones.      Nonpoint source pollution and
             stormwater management still need to be
             addressed, and public education needs to be
             increased.     A small area also means less
             diversity and therefore less buffering between
             different interests.    However, a small area
             facilitates  bringing    people     together     and
             identifying what their interests are, resulting in
             more participative decision-making and more
             locally-controlled public policy decisions.

                Let me close with the following conclusions:

                1)   There is a lot of work that needs to be
                     done in terms of studying what is going
                     on in these fisheries. Much primary
                     information has been collected but has
                     not been collated in a format that is
                     useable for public policy decision-
                     making.

                2)   Find ways to capture non-scientific
                     information.     By the time scientific
                     information is collected, analyzed and
                     made usable, it is somewhat dated. The
                     small    size   of this      area    creates
                     opportunities     to    collect    real-time



             DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference                                                  Page 55














                                                 DELMARVA'S TOURISM INDUSTRY


                                                                   Lisa Challenger
                                                          Worcester County Tourism



                        Lisa Challenger is a graduate of Penn State                          vegetation, wildlife, clean air and
                     University and moved to Worcester County in                             water offers many of the resources
                     1987. She worked in the hospitality industry in                         that attract tourists
                     Ocean City before taking her current position as
                     Tourism Coordinator for Worcester County six                          Statistics:
                     years ago. Ms. Challenger serves on the Board
                     of the Maryland Downtown Development                                    40.4%      walkfor health
                     Association and the Lower Eastern Shore                                 32.8%      pursue physical
                     Heritage Commission, and is a member of the                                        fitnesslexercise
                     Maryland Tourism Council.                                               14.9%      b ic le
                                                                                                           YC
                                                                                             13.75%     boat or sail
                     L Past Tourism Trends                                                   12.4%      run or jog

                        I .   Beaches, beaches, beaches                                      9.2 million people are involved in
                        2.    Long vacations                                                 wildlife related recreation,            71%
                                                                                             pursued wildlife viewing
                     11. Present Tourism Trends
                                                                                             $131day spent by typical birdwatcher
                        1.    Heritage Tourism                                               $22-$601day spent by cyclists
                              Educational oriented experiences
                              (Visitation to historic sites, trails, parks                   Over 1,000 rail-trails in U.S. today
                              with an emphasis on interpretation)
                                                                                 111.      Pressing Issues Facing Tourism on
                        2.    Eco Tourism                                                  Delmarva
                              Comprising 10-20% of all travel;
                              birdwatching, nature cruises, hiking &                       1. Balance of built environment vs
                              canoeing, cycling, etc.                                        natural environment

                        3.    Conservation and outdoor recreation as                       2. Jobs - High unemployment rate in
                              tools for economic development                                 Worcester County and a higher than
                                                                                             national average across Delmarva
                                 Tourism can justify conservation and
                                 subsidize conservation efforts. This is
                                 because an environment of scenic
                                 beauty      &     interesting      features,



                     Page 56                                              DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference








            IV.      What's Being Done Today

                     1. Forming partnerships with local, state
                        and federal government

                     2. Forming grass roots organizations to
                        address our individual needs/concerns,
                        with particular attention to land use
                        issues. Organizations include:

                        Lower Shore Land Trust
                        Eastern Shore Land Conservancy
                        Lower Eastern Shore Heritage
                         Committee
                        Pocomoke River Alliance
                        Nanticoke River Alliance


                     3. The visions of the 1992 Planning Act
                        which have been or are being
                        incorporated     into    local     plans
                        throughout the state:

                        a.   Development is concentrated in
                             suitable areas
                        b.   Sensitive areas are protected
                        C.   In rural areas, growth is directed
                             to existing population centers
                             and resource areas are protected
                        d.   Stewardship of the Chesapeake
                             Bay and the land is a universal
                             ethic
                        e.   Conservation      of     resources,
                             including a reduction in resource
                             consumption, is practiced

                     4. GIS Mapping Project

                        A visual illustration of correlations
                        between resources and resource uses


             Source:


             Statistics - Rivers, Trails & Conservation
             Assistance Program of the National Park Service







             DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference                                                Page 57













                                               AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY


                                                            John Tarburton
                                              Delaware Department of Agriculture




                      John Tarburton was appointed Delaware's                Delaware also has the Governor's planning
                  Secretary of Agriculture in 1993. He graduated         committee. I am convinced that most people are
                  from the Virginia Polytechnic Institute with a         enthused about geographic information systems
                  Bachelor's degree in Agronomy. For the last 23         (GIS), but do not necessarily understands what
                  years, he has owned and operated a 315-acre            the acronym stands for, and even less know what
                  potato and grain farm. His involvement in              it can do. We are at the point where we have
                  agriculturalpolicy began well before his current       overlaid 17 GIS maps together, 10 of which are
                  position. He servedfor eight years as President        priorities and the rest are ancillary. The State of
                  of the Delaware Farm Bureau, and also served           Delaware can no longer put water lines, sewer
                  as President of the Delaware Association of            lines, schools, and roads in "west Podunk." We
                  Conservation Districts and Chairman of the             just don't have the cash. As we overlay the
                  County Conservation District. He was a member          population distribution with the school districts
                  of the Delaware and Maryland Governor's                and infrastructure, the old geometry formula for
                  Wetlands Roundtable and Co-Chairman of the             the circumference of a circle (radius squared)
                  Water     Committee       of the       Governor's      shows that it will cost significant amounts of
                  Environmental Legacy Commission.                       money to incrementally extend services to the
                                                                         next area. This is what is driving planning in
                      Before I get started, I want to give you a few     the State of Delaware.
                  "teasers." We have not talked much about the
                  Delaware Center for the Inland Bays, which is a           Now on to my topic. The best place to begin
                  model of how to get something done. The                is with some education and discuss agriculture
                  Center is a child of 10 years of work conceming        on a generation basis; what was it like when
                  the problems of the inland bays in Delaware.           your parents were the decision makers and what
                  The process takes several years; the development       is it like now? In 1975, there were 3,700 farms;
                  of the Comprehensive Conservation and                  in 1995, there are 2,500 farms. I am not sure
                  Management Plan (CCMP) almost got into                 whether this is good or bad. Always question
                  trouble after five years, but was saved by strong      the statistics; don't make a snap judgment.
                  leadership and the involvement of other                Average acreage in 1975 was 186; today the
                  interested groups that did not feel they had been      average is 228 (a +22.5% change). Delaware
                  part of the planning process. It is important to       has a total of roughly 1.2 million acres; in 1975,
                  involve all stakeholders at the outset.         The    about 690,000 acres were productive (in field or
                  process of consensus-building means leaving            vegetable crops) and in 1995, about 570,000
                  your agenda at home and understanding, not             acres were in production (a -17% change). As
                  necessarily accepting, other points of view.           expected, however, the value of the operating
                                                                         unit has gone up. In 1975, the value was about
                                                                         $181,000      (including     infrastructure     and



                  Page 58                                          DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference








             equipment); today, it's $581,000 (a +221%                  be allowed to experiment. Manure in a field
             change). This far exceeds the Consumer Price               develops a crust that may result in less nutrients
             Index. A key point is that agriculture is a highly         in run-off than previously assumed. Manure
             capital intensive business and is not capable of           sheds, on the other hand, present a fire hazard
             accommodating snap decisions (e.g., planters               due to spontaneous combustion.
             cost $60,000).
                                                                           Farms are by far the largest habitat for
                 The value of the poultry industry alone along          wildlife.   I think many "green" groups now
             the Delmarva Peninsula is $1.5 billion. On top             understand that whatever form agriculture takes,
             of this, poultry processing has one of the highest         they would rather see land in agriculture rather
             multiplier effects, not only in dollars but also in        than I housing unit per acre.       Subdivisions do
             terms of labor (both are over 5). So when you              not have wildlife.       Forestry is a renewable
             consider regulations on various aspects of input           resource and a great habitat       for quail.     The
             for the poultry industry, keep in mind the ripple          problem is that forestry has an image problem.
             effect that occurs over the allied industries. This        Trees are only cut down every 30-40 years, and
             came home when there was a threat to cut off all           it disturbs some people when they see a forest
             poultry imports into Russia. This was a $700               being cut down. But I would suggest that some
             million threat, which would have resulted in               image building is needed; maybe a few bus trips
             dumping on the domestic market to the                      to show people what the land will look like 3, 5,
             detriment of the beef and pork industries, and, in         or 7 years later.
             general, have had a severe impact on the entire
             corn-soybean-meat complex.

                 Forestry acreage has increased in Delaware
             since 1909, from 330,000 acres to 376,000 acres
             today (these are acres that are actively farmed).
             23 1,000 of those acres are in Sussex County and
             81 percent are privately owned. The industry
             employs about 3,700 people and gross sales of
             products are evaluated at $97 million. In terms
             of environmental impacts, the larger fields have
             pushed aside smaller fields due to changes in
             equipment.      Lots of small plots have been
             abandoned.


                 We have made several conversions; the State
             of Delaware led the nation for years in the
             percentage of acreage converted to no-till.
             While this reduces the erosion, more chemicals
             are used. A lot of capital has also been used to
             put in water retention systems in dairy and
             poultry farms. Because it costs $50,000 to put
             in a waste lagoon on a dairy farm, the State has
             been involved in cost sharing programs;
             similarly, the State helps share the cost of
             manure sheds for poultry farms. Again, good
             science may make us wonder, however, if this is
             good or bad. I would suggest that government



             DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference                                                       Page 59











                                                QUESTION AND ANSWER SESSION


                                                                   Facilitator:
                                                                Gwynne Schultz
                                           Director, Coastal Zone Management Division,
                                           Maryland Department of Natural Resources




                    Introduction                                             Question 2. How can we incorporate the effects
                                                                             on fishery resources into the decision-making
                        Following the panel discussion on the                processfor human activities on land? Apply this
                    environmental and economic status of the coastal         to small permitting decisions and local and
                    bays     and    their    watersheds,      conference     regional land planning.
                    participants were provided with a 15-minute
                    break in which to develop questions for any of           Response: Some of the laws currently focus on
                    the panelists or resource experts.          For the      fishing activities.    Other activities, however,
                    remainder of the hour, the panelists and resource        affect fisheries health. This is a basic structural
                    experts addressed several questions, which are           problem. The best action available now is to
                    presented below.       Due to the overwhelming           provide information to citizens and public policy
                    number of questions and limited time, however,           makers concerning land use and water quality.
                    the majority could not be discussed. Appendix            We     also    need     to   coordinate      fisheries
                    C lists these other questions that remain for            management decisions made by different
                    future discussion.                                       agencies (e.g., land use and water-quality).

                    Question 1. Why are the dead end canals so               Question 3. What is the definition of a tourist?
                    dead?                                                    The main negative impacts on DE inland bays
                                                                             are ftom what we call "summer people" who
                    Response: Dead end canals go against natural             comefor two months and then either go home or
                    forces in estuary systems - estuaries are wider          to Florida to avoidpaying DE income tax. They
                    and deeper at the mouth, while dead end canals           do not attend environmental conferences so how
                    are uniformly deep (or deeper inside the canal           do you reach them?
                    than at the mouth) and do not become wider.
                    Therefore, dead end canals do not have flushing          Response: A tourist is someone who drives here
                    and have a dead zone. Also, because these                and spends any amount of time and money. One
                    canals are engineered, they have a linear                action is to try to market certain types of tourists
                    shoreline.    In addition, land uses that cause          who will appreciate the resources this area has.
                    problems (e.g., contaminated ground water and            How to reach tourists is a challenge to all of us
                    runoff) are in much closer proximity to the              here, and any input is appreciated.
                    canal.







                    Page 60                                            DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference








            Question 4. Iffarmers were in a room together             Question 7. Could you speak more as to how,
            to discuss where they would like farming to go,           while providing appropriate environmental
            what would their vision be (more intensive or             protection and "sustainable development" to keep
            incentives for preserving wildlife and                    tourism in the inland bays area affordable to
            biodiversity) ?                                           most citizens? Many places are already out of
                                                                      reach to lower income brackets, which is
            Response:     Tax law is probably the single              approximately 35% of the population. I am
            biggest tool that changes small business. The             concerned that close to 2 of every 5 citizens can
            1985 law in particular, caused radical changes by         no longer afford to see and learn ftom heritage
            removing the investment tax credit and taking             tourism and other valuable resources and thus
            away the opportunity for private enterprise to            many citizens do not understand the need or
            participate in passive losses.             Regarding      benefits of conservation and preservation. This
            production and environmental issues, there is a           is a big part of society out of this loop.
            fair amount of agreement; farmers are the
            foremost stewards of the soil and are as                  Response: Heritage tourism is not expensive.
            concerned about the environment as anyone.                For example the Beach to Bay Indian Trail is a
            Farmers also work primarily by example; e.g.,             national recreation trail that stops at all of our
            what is successful for neighbors, the Cooperative         museums and parks. The museums do have a
            Extension, and the USDA. In general, voluntary            nominal fee most of the time, but other activities
            measures will be much more effective than                 are free. Also, the National Park Service is in
            regulation. Finally, if an action is economically         the process of developing models for sustainable,
            profitable, farmers will ultimately take it (some         affordable ecotourism in St. John. While the
            time may be required to change equipment).                process will take several years, the findings can
                                                                      be transferred to bay localities.
            Question 5.       Is it feasible to renew          the
            headwaters of our estuaries by recycling           the    Question 8. Agriculture is our most important
            soils into top soil?       Headwaters of the       St.    industry on the Peninsula. It is also a major
            Martins River were 25 ft. deep and supported              source of water contamination. With the sandy
            the lumber industry's barge and ships, but are            soils over much of the Peninsula, some degree of
            now 1. 5 ft. deep and spreading out to the larger         ground-water contamination Jrom fertilizers and
            bays.                                                     manures is unavoidable. How much more than
                                                                      what we have done (or are doing presently) with
            Response:       Dredging is very expensive.               best management practices (BMPs) can we
            Dredging also raises concerns about spreading             expect to improve this situation?
            historic contaminants that have been found in the
            sediments. Therefore it may be better to leave            Response:       Agricultural improvements are
            the soils in place.                                       continuous. For example, in Sussex County, the
                                                                      "We Care" program brought poultry farmers and
            Question 6 As a field researcher, you have the            environmental representatives together, and
            first access to primary data. In your years of            Delaware was among the first to calibrate
            experience, how do you feel is the best way to            manure spreaders in the 1970's. However, as
            collate this primary information into a "real             noted in the question, contamination is not only
            time" useable tool for policy members?                    limited to nonpoint sources, but also ground
                                                                      water, and improvements take a long time to see.
            Response: The data is being used right now as             Nitrate has begun to level off (shallow flow
            part of a process to comment on 15 management             paths have been determined to be approximately
            plans for different species. The data is also used        10 years long), but it would take several years to
            for long-tenn monitoring.                                 measure improvements if all activities were



            DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference                                                     Page 61








                   stopped today.      Ongoing activities include
                   research into manure spreaders, assigning one
                   nutrient manager per county in Maryland, and
                   implementation of BMPs on a lot of land.
                   Manure use is likely to increase (e.g., on
                   vegetable crops) because it is less expensive than
                   other fertilizers.  Generally, there is a lot of
                   awareness in the industry and incentive to
                   protect ground water because farmers also use it
                   for drinking water.

















































                   Page 62                                         DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference













                      REGIONAL PERSPECTIVES ON COASTAL BAYS ISSUES


                                                   W. Michael McCabe
                                 Regional Administrator, U.S. EPA Region III



               The previous speakers talked about many              development. We need to use this information
            different    values    -     social,     economic,      to determine whether the approach we take has
            environmental. All of these contribute to the           the desired outcome.
            complexity of the issues we are trying to address
            concerning the Delaware Coastal Bays. Their                The current Environmental Protection
            impact on the watershed is critically important.        Agency Administration has a very strong
                                                                    commitment and orientation towards community-
               As we have heard today, we have a lot of             based environmental protection.        This area,
            important information on the conditions and             Region III, has some of the strongest programs
            impact of development on the bays. What we              in the entire country. The Chesapeake Bay
            need to do now is use this information to mold          Program is a model not only for the rest of the
            the decisions on the future of this area. We            country, but for the world, in how to bring
            need to construct models that are constructive          together a regional approach to address a major
            and useful enough to allow policy-makers to use         environmental resource issue.         We haven't
            this information. The assumption that "if we            solved all the problems nor been able to always
            build it, the infrastructure will come, " is no         implement what we believe to be the most
            longer the case, and this presents us with an           effective and efficient approach of managing
            opportunity to develop information and to show          growth, but we are certainly further along in
            that the end product of development does have           understanding the issue and providing policy-
            consequences. Some of these impacts can be              makers with information to set objectives. We
            alleviated if we plan properly and manage               are also working very closely with people in the
            growth in the proper way.                               mid-Atlantic highlands in Maryland and West
                                                                    Virginia. The approach there brought together
               Therefore, considerations for the future must        all levels of the community to help develop
            incorporate all of these outlooks - social,             priorities for how they want to grow. For this
            economic, and environmental.         Our thinking       project, EPA provided technical support and
            must be on a Delaware Bays watershed level,             information for them to use in charting their
            not on a county- or state-specific level. There         future for protecting the environment and
            is a role for all of us in developing the               creating sustainable development. The EPA is
            information and models.               EPA, state        also involved in the Delaware and Maryland
            government, local government, citizens and              Estuary Programs that have already been
            business all must be part of a process to help          discussed.      An important aspect of this
            policy-makers gain some control over the future         conference is hopefully that we will be able to
            of growth in this area. Our approach must be            coordinate the resources that are operating in
            consistent with the environmental information           Delaware and Maryland already, and bring in
            that has already been collected and is under            Virginia to create a new synergy.



            DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference                                                  Page 63









                      We need to leave this conference with
                  several major commitments among ourselves:

                      ï¿½  We need to form a partnership to
                         characterize the Virginia coastal bays to
                         understand them better and in a way that
                         is compatible with Delaware and
                         Maryland activities


                      ï¿½  We need to work with officials from all
                         three    states   and     the    interested
                         stakeholders


                      ï¿½  We need to draw in local government
                         more directly because they need the
                         information and incentive to move
                         forward in a way that protects the area

                      ï¿½  We need to continually support the
                         implementation of recommendations in
                         the Delaware Inland Bays Comprehensive
                         Conservation and Management Plan
                         (CCMP)

                      ï¿½  We need to develop a solid CCMP for
                         the Maryland coastal bays that reflects all
                         three states' support and participation.

                      To summarize, it is a total regional effort,
                  the model is as nearby as the Chesapeake Bay,
                  and we can draw on the many experiences and
                  technical support available from EPA Region
                  111. EPA is not the only actor; the strength of
                  EPA lies in our scientific information, technical
                  support, and by virtue of our position, the
                  ability to bring together so many different
                  people. Hopefully, if we ever get a budget, we
                  can free up financial resources to further the
                  development of a very important project and
                  process that will determine the future of this
                  incredibly sensitive natural area.











                  Page 64                                         DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference













                           NATIONAL ESTUARY PROGRAM IN MARYLAND


                                                     Gwynne Schultz
                                 Director, Coastal Zone Management Division,
                                 Maryland Department of Natural Resources




               Gwynne Schultz is Director of the Coastal              The process we'll be following has four key
            Zone Management Division in the Maryland              elements:
            Department of Natural Resources.          She is
            currently serving as the Interim Chair of the             1)  Establish management framework
            Management Committee for the Maryland                     2)  Characterize estuary and define problems
            Coastal Bay Program.                                      3)  Create      management          plan      -
                                                                          Comprehensive       Conservation       and
               Last July, the Environmental Protection                    Management Plan (CCMP)
            Agency accepted the Maryland coastal bays into            4) Implement plan
            its National Estuary Program. This is a national
            program to encourage long-term planning and               Key problems and issues identified in the
            management of nationally significant estuaries        initial nomination package are:
            that are currently threatened by pollution,
            development or overuse. The overall goals of              1)  Eutrophication
            the program are:                                          2)  Loss of wetlands
                                                                      3)  Decline in finfish populations
               1) Protection and improvement of water                 4)  Toxics contamination
                   quality                                            5)  Areas closed to shellfish harvesting
               2) Enhancement of living resources                     6)  Water-based activities

            There are a total of 28 estuaries in the program          We have set up four committees to ensure all
            nationwide.                                           constituents are able to participate:

               Maryland's "new program" will build on                 *  Policy Committee - elected and appointed
            existing programs - strengthen them and give                 policyrnaking officials
            them more focus. We need to decide what will              *  Management Committee - environmental
            come out of this planning process and your input             managers from federal, state, and local
            is essential. Success depends on realistic, cost-            governments
            effective, equitable, and fair recommendations.           e  Scientific/Technical Committee - peer
            Therefore, we need all input.                                review/identify data gaps
                                                                      *  Citizen's Advisory Committee - provide
               The geographic scope of the area extends                  input
            from the Delaware state line to the Virginia state
            line and includes the coastal bays and their              Some of the key activities we'll be
            watersheds.                                           undertaking in the near future include:


            DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference                                               Page 65








                      1) Developing public participation strategy
                         (e.g., how to get tourists involved)
                      2) Developing       an    environmental
                         characterization - look at all information,
                         put in usable format, and identify gaps
                      3) Looking at all existing programs
                         environmental regulations and education
                      4) Setting up a water quality monitoring
                         program and tracking BMPs.
















































                  Page 66                                     DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference













                               DELAWARE CENTER FOR THE INLAND BAYS


                                                     Dr. Bruce Richards
                                                         Dr. Kent Price
                                         Delaware Center for the Inland Bays




                 Dr. Kent Price is the Chair of the Delaware             I . To sponsor and support educational
             Center for Inland Bays. Dr. Bruce Richards is                   activities, restoration efforts, and land
             the new Executive Directorfor the Center. Prior                 acquisition programs that lead to the
             to his new position, Dr. Richards worked for                    present and future preservation and
             Penn State University in the Philadelphia area                  enhancement of the           inland bays'
             where he focused on training science teachers,                  watershed.
             small animal science, and invertebrate zoology.             2.  To build, maintain, and foster the
             Previously, he spent two years as an agricultural               partnership among the general public; the
             teacher in Lancaster County, PA. He holds a                     private sector; and local, state, and federal
             Bachelor of Science degree in Animal Science                    governments, which is essential for
             ftom the University of Delaware, and his                        establishing    and    sustaining policy,
             Master's and Ph.D. are in Agricultural Science                  programs, and the political will to
             Education and Administrative Studies.                           preserve and restore the resources of the
                                                                             inland bays' watershed.
             Overview
                                                                         3.  To serve as a neutral forum where inland
                 The Delaware Center for the Inland Bays was                 bays' watershed issues may be analyzed
             established as a nonprofit organization in 1994                 and considered for the purposes of
             under the Inland Bays Watershed Enhancement                     providing responsible officials and the
             Act (Chapter 76 or Del. C. S7603). The mission                  public with a basis for making informed
             of the Center for the Inland Bays is to oversee                 decisions concerning the management of
             the implementation        of the Inland Bays                    the resources of the inland bays'
             Comprehensive Conservation and Management                       watershed.
             Plan and to facilitate a long-term approach for
             the wise use and enhancement of the inland                  The establishment of the Center was the
             bays' watershed by conducting public outreach            culmination of more than 20 years of active
             and education, developing and implementing               public participation and investigation into the
             conservation projects, and establishing a long-          decline of the inland bays and the remedies for
             term process for the preservation of the inland          the restoration and preservation of the watershed.
             bays' watershed.                                         A key element of this progression was the
                                                                      publication of a Decisions for Delaware: Sea
                 The goals of the Center for the Inland Bays          Grant Looks at the Inland Bg!ys (1983) and the
             are:                                                     participation by Sea Grant researchers and
                                                                      outreach personnel in the problem-solving
                                                                      process. The last six years of this work were


             DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference                                                   Page 67








                  accomplished as part of the National Estuary           Committee (STAQ and was also reelected chair
                  Program.                                               of the legislatively-created Center for the Inland
                                                                         Bays. He also serves as a member of the
                      The National Estuary Program, established          Advisory Committee for the Delaware/Maryland
                  under the Clean Water Act and administered by          Coastal Bays Joint Assessment Program.
                  the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                  (EPA), provided approximately $2 million to               Progress to date has included filing and
                  study the inland bays, characterize and set            obtaining non-profit status for the Center;
                  priorities for addressing the environmental            requesting and receiving a one-time $50,000
                  problems in the watershed, and develop a               start-up line from the state of Delaware;
                  Comprehensive Conservation and Management              assisting   in    the    proposal      preparation,
                  Plan (CCMP) to protect and restore the bays-           submission, and acquiring a grant from the
                  The underlying theme of the program is that a          U.S.    EPA     for    $257,000      to    conduct
                  collaborative, consensus-building effort involv-       demonstration projects relating to the Delaware
                  -ing citizens; private interests; organized groups;    Inland Bays Comprehensive Conservation and
                  and federal, state, and local governments Is           Management Plan (CCMP); presiding at the
                  essential to the successful development and            ceremony where Governor Thomas Carper and
                  implementation of the CCMP. Recently                   U.S. EPA Administrator Carol Browner
                  completed     through     a   highly     successful    ratified the CCMP; designing the recruitment
                  participatory effort, the Inland Bays CCMP has         strategy; coordinating the hiring of an
                  now been approved by Governor Thomas Carper            executive director for the Center, Dr. Bruce
                  and the EPA.                                           Richards;     establishing     basic     operating
                  Accomplishments: 211194-1131196                        procedures for the Center through the
                                                                         University and local vendors; and assisting in
                      The Director of the Delaware Sea Grant             grants management for the Center, including
                  Marine Advisory Service (MAS), Dr. Kent Price      '   acquiring a $25,000 grant from the Crystal
                  continues to serve as chair of the Delaware            Foundation to enhance the outreach capabilities
                  Inland Bays Scientific and Technical Advisory          of the Center.



                                                 CENTER FOR THE INLAND BAYS
                                                           Organization Chart



                                                    BOARD OF DIRECTORS




                          CITIZENS ADVISORY                          SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL
                               COMMITTEE                                 ADVISORY COMMITTEE
                                   I                          I                         I
                                          EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR/STAFF OFFICE
                                    (Secretary, Volunteers, In-Kind Agency Staff (MOUs)





                  Page 68                                          DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference









                                         Board Members and Alternates



           Scientific and Technical Advisory Committee:
           Kent Price, Chair
           James Falk, Vice-Chair

           Citizens Advisory Committee:
           James Alderman, Chair
           Grace Pierce-Beck, Vice-Chair

           Department of Agriculture:
           Jack Tarburton, Secretary
           Ed Ralph, Alternate

           Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control:
           Christopher Tulou, Secretary
           Gerard Esposito, Alternate

           Sussex Conservation District:
           Greg McCabe, Representative
           Eric Buehl, Alternate

           Sussex County Association of Towns:
           John Johnson, Representative
           Matthew Falls, Alternate

           Sussex County Council:
           Robert Stickels, Administrator
           Lawrence Lank, Alternate

           Ex-Officio Members:
           Danny Magee, Appointee of President Pro-Tempore of Delaware State Senate
           Pat Campbell-White, Appointee of Speaker of Delaware State House of Representatives
           Richard Pepino, Representative, Environmental Protection Agency
           Charles App, Alternate, Environmental Protection Agency

           Contact:
           Bruce A. Richards, Ph.D., Executive Director
           Center for the Inland Bays
           P.O. Box 297
           Nassau, DE 19969
           PH:     (302) 645-SEA5       Mobile: (302) 670-2515
           PH:     (302) 645-4243       E-mail: [email protected]
           FAX: (302) 645-5765





           DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference                                      Page 69













                           VIRGINIA'S REGIONAL APPROACH TO SUSTAINABILITY:
                                      BALANCING ENVIRONMENT AND ECONOMY


                                                            Dr. R. Warren Flint
                                                      The Eastern Shore Institute
                                                            Exmore, VA 23350




                      Dr. Warren Flint is Executive Director of the             3)  take into consideration the value of non-
                  Eastern Shore Institute in Virginia.                              renewable resources to future generations;
                                                                                    and
                  What Is Sustainable Development?                              4)  not compromise the ability of other
                                                                                    species or future generations to meet their
                      Communities face enormous challenges                          needs.
                  world-wide as their social, economic, and
                  environmental resources are depleted and                      The idea of sustainable development not only
                  destroyed. Sustainable development represents              implies wisdom and stewardship in resource
                  a way to achieve recovery, improve public                  management for the future, but also includes
                  health, and seek a better quality of life in these         equal fulfillment in the present for basic human
                  communities by limiting waste, minimizing                  needs, such as food, shelter, clothing, health, and
                  pollution, maximizing conservation, promoting              the economic means to achieve these.
                  cooperation and efficiency, and developing local
                  resources to revitalize the economy. This is an               In practicing sustainability, one attempts to
                  approach that the two counties on Virginia's               balance economic development programs with
                  Eastern Shore (Accomack and Northampton) are               environmental      quality.        This    can      be
                  beginning to embrace with respect to revitalizing          accomplished       through      both      ecological
                  their local economies while also protecting their          (environmental)         and       socio-economic
                  wealth of natural resources associated with the            (community)      assessments that        take     into
                  coastal bay systems.                                       consideration and try to balance issues such as
                                                                             quantity vs. quality, value of non-renewable
                      Sustainable development recognizes that all            resources, efforts that meet societal needs, extent
                  resources - human, natural, and economic - are             of natural habitats, status of environmental
                  interrelated,    and therefore they must be                degradation, and critical numbers of plants and
                  addressed in concert with one another.               In    animals to support functional ecosystems. If a
                  practicing sustainable development over the                balance is not struck among many of these
                  long-term one will:                                        economic-environmental characteristics than a
                                                                             region can be judged as potentially acting
                      1) not diminish     the quality of the present         unsustainable.
                          environment;
                      2) not critically   reduce the availability of            An equally important issue of sustainability
                          renewable resources;                               is the equitable distribution of resources and
                                                                             benefits among all sectors of society. If the


                  Page 70                                             DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference








            quality of life for the most disadvantaged               sustainable development as a world class model.
            segment of a community is not improved,                  Many people are seeking ways to manage
            sustainability   will    not happen.           Thus,     economic change and to retain and restore the
            sustainability also translates into community            environments from which the region derives its
            solidarity, equal access to resources, and equal         character and value.
            access to opportunities.     But in dealing with
            wide-spread poverty, often the perceived solution           Changes on Virginia's Eastern Shore
            is to grow economies. Can we realistically grow          landscape have raised a number of issues of
            out of poverty? The economy is build upon a              concern for this region that focus around:
            foundation of natural resources, human-made
            capital, and human resources.         All of these       agriculture          aquaculture
            elements that support rural economies are                groundwater          treatment of wastes
            extremely limited.      If we want to grow our           transportation       recreation
            economy to expand benefits, this growth will be          environment          tourism
            built upon a limited foundation, and sooner or           public services      economic development
            later the economy will falter. Alternatives to the       affordable housing   education
            philosophy of uncontrolled economic growth are           land-use             forestry
            strategies that (1) consider enhancing quality of        regional governing   historic and rural
            goods and services (development) rather then              approaches            character
            their    quantity    (growth)      and    (2)    the
            transformation of economic flows of capital,                The Virginia Coastal Resources Management
            materials, and human resources.                          Program, a part of the Virginia Department of
                                                                     Environmental Quality, has devoted significant
            Virginia Coastal Bays and Sustainability                 energy and resources to assisting the two
                                                                     counties on the Eastern Shore, Accomack and
                Features which distinguish Virginia's Eastern        Northampton, in addressing many of these
            Shore, such as natural areas, landscapes, towns,         issues, especially as they relate to a more
            and local culture, are increasingly valuable assets      sustainable future for the region. The Virginia
            on a national and global scale, luring increasing        Coastal Program works with the Marine
            numbers of people from cities for outdoor                Resources Commission, Department of Game
            recreation and the experience of this unique             and    Inland     Fisheries,    Department        of
            region. But change is occurring rapidly, as it is        Conservation and Recreation, and Department of
            along the entire Eastern Shore of Delaware,              Health in Virginia to carry out its programs on
            Maryland, and Virginia.        The health of the         the Eastern Shore.
            estuaries, bays and forests has declined,        and
            along with them the resources, livelihoods       and     Cape Charles Sustainable Park: A World
            social fabric upon which rural communities       and     Class Model
            local economies depend.          Degradation     and
            alteration of critical ecological components and            An example of how the Eastern Shore of
            processes have occurred due to the magnitude             Virginia and its local governments, in this case
            and distribution of land uses in this region.            Northampton County, have begun to take charge
                                                                     of their own destiny in moving towards a more
                Maintenance of the area's natural resources          sustainable future is represented by the fine work
            and social capital is the foundation of, and             on the Cape Charles Sustainable Technologies
            essential to, a sustainable economy important far        Industrial Park. A large number of stakeholders
            beyond the boundaries of the Eastern Shore.              came together and created a vision, design, and
            Thus, focus upon Virginia's Eastern Shore                strategies to implement the creation of an
            provides the       opportunity    to    demonstrate      industrial park that sits at the cutting edge of



            DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference                                                   Page 71








                   sustainability with regards to its connections            that approaches 1, meaning that landscape
                   between economic development, environmental               alterations have a more immediate impact on the
                   protection and enhancement, and social ethics.            contiguous bay waters. These alterations have
                                                                             resulted in declines in water quality and certain
                       The design of this sustainable, industrial park       components of biological diversity which in turn
                   has been the result of work by local                      have caused the decline in health of Atlantic
                   governments, state and federal agencies, non-             coastal bay fisheries, devastating traditional
                   profit groups, businesses, and individual citizens.       industries of fishing and shellfishing.
                   The design principles and business approach for
                   the eventual park embrace many characteristics                Agriculture is important to Virginia's Eastern
                   that are now considered important in achieving            Shore rural economy but there are perceived
                   sustainable communities, such as:                         conflicts between its impacts on the environment
                                                                             and the traditional seafood and aquaculture
                   self sufficiency             adequate tax base            industries. Contaminant input to coastal bays
                   nature-based business        family-wage jobs             has been suggested as the agent responsible for
                   not what business            environment a                eutrophication in these mid-Atlantic estuaries,
                     does, how it does it        forethought                 potentially affecting fisheries and habitats. The
                   industrial ecology           environmental   design       understanding of watershed function is important
                   alternative energy           local priorities met         in being able to predict the relationships among
                   businesses sensitive to      equal access by all          agricultural practices, aquatic-transport agents,
                     economic importance         societal sectors            lagoon water quality, and associated biological
                     of natural resources                                    responses. An ecosystem approach is needed to
                                                                             simulate the physical and biological balances that
                   Coastal Bay Watersheds                                    sustain the ecology of these important coastal
                                                                             bay watersheds in relation to their land-use
                      Tidal wetlands and coastal bay lagoons,                patterns.
                   featuring productive salt     marshes and shallow
                   bay bottoms behind a chain of 18 barrier islands              For example in one Virginia Eastern Shore
                   stretching 60 miles, dominate the Atlantic                watershed study, results to-date illustrate a
                   seaside coastal bay area of Virginia's Eastern            pattern of nitrate build-up in shallow agricultural
                   Shore. This area of approximately 362 square              soil layers during the fall.            These high
                   miles of open water and emergent wetlands                 concentrations of soil nitrate shift from 15-30 cm
                   provides habitat to fish and wildlife, including          depth in November, to 45 cm depth by March,
                   varieties and numbers of bird populations                 and to 60 cm depth by April, coinciding with
                   unequaled on the Atlantic coast. These Virginia           spring rains and associated leaching, suggesting
                   coastal bays are a tide-dominated estuarine area          that there is significant residual of crop-applied
                   with a complete replacement of water from                 fertilizer nitrogen occurring on this watershed
                   oceanic flux in as little as 2-3 days.             The    from agriculture activities. Groundwater quality
                   principal land uses of the watersheds in this             measured at selected wells also exhibits a pattern
                   coastal region include agriculture, forestry, and         of    nitrogen     enrichment      underlying       the
                   recreational tourism.      The population within          agricultural portions of the watershed.             For
                   these watersheds is approximately 47,000.                 example, total dissolved inorganic nitrogen in the
                                                                             groundwater coming from under agriculture
                       As noted above, through time the coastal              fields showed an average of 228.0 umol/L while
                   region of Virginia's Eastern Shore has                    these same measures in groundwater derived
                   experienced major changes. These impacts are              from areas of forest in the watershed showed an
                   compounded by the fact that watersheds in this            average of 5 umoIAL.
                   coastal region have a land to water surface ratio



                   Page 72                                             DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference








                 Stream     discharge     and    nutrient     flux    poverty level as compared with 10.2% for the
             measurements in this watershed indicate quality          State of Virginia as a whole. Many households
             of the creek surface water is impacted by                (greater than 15%) do not even possess in-door
             surrounding land use as dissolved inorganic              plumbing.
             nitrogen increases during its passage through
             agricultural dominated regions. Creek dissolved              The citizens of the region are hungry for new
             inorganic nitrogen fluxes show increases during          business opportunities        that will      increase
             passage through the watershed several fold (up           economic development andjobs. The challenge
             to 10 times) greater than estimated fluxes based         will be to balance desires for economic
             on background nitrogen levels over the extent of         prosperity and improved social well-being with
             the creek. Likewise, measures of nitrate and             continued maintenance of environmental quality
             chlorophyll collected in the tidal creek and             and important natural resources in the region.
             adjacent lagoon areas are indicative of the              Nature-based tourism is being promoted as an up
             dynamic nature of the groundwater flow of                and coming business opportunity for Eastern
             nutrients to the coastal lagoons, and impacts of         Shore communities. It is important that we fully
             these nutrients on water quality. Nitrate is high        evaluate the positive and negative impacts of this
             near the terrestrial confluence (7 uM/L) and             potential industry to a region so dependent on its
             decreases readily (0.7 - 1.8 uM/L) as one moves          natural resources as the Eastern Shore is.
             away from this influence and as the creek waters         Economic impact analyses performed for three
             are further diluted with tidal seawater.                 years on the Eastern Shore Annual Birding
             Chlorophyll levels ranged from 80-100 ug/L in            Festival have shown significant positive impact
             March 1994, during low tide (time of greatest            to local business over the three-day period of
             impact from groundwater), in contrast to only 40         this event. The southern end of Northampton
             ug/L at high tide. Chlorophyll levels decrease           County for example, has regularly experience a
             drastically with distance from land, further             gross industrial output from this festival of more
             emphasizing the potential impact of terrestrial          than $60,000 since 1993 with a peak in income
             nitrogen. These preliminary data suggest that            of $112,000 in 1994.
             seaside watersheds can represent a constant but
             widely variable nitrogen source to the coastal               In working towards a sustainable future for
             bay systems.                                             Virginia's Eastern Shore, as stated previously, it
                                                                      is also important to guarantee the social well-
             Socio-economic Systems                                   being of the different communities. Part of this
                                                                      social well-being relates to the development of
                 Other areas of focus in Virginia with regards        affordable housing that also takes                into
             to sustainable land-use and coastal bay                  consideration the preservation of natural
             environmental quality, include the evaluation of         resources on the shore.         Work is presently
             social vitality in this region and how that is           underway to explore possibilities for linking
             impacted by changing environments as well as             together affordable housing concepts with
             serving as a source of impact to the quality of          sustainable, resource efficient building designs.
             the coastal environment. In recent years, as fish        The outcome of this work is expected to further
             stocks have dwindled and agricultural processing         enhance the affordability of housing on the
             has become regionalized closer to metropolitan           Shore while also adding measures in residential
             centers, the Virginia Eastern Shore region has           development designed to protect our limited
             suffered serious economic decline, resulting in          water supplies, shortage of building materials,
             the loss of hundreds of jobs.           These poor       and enhance the homeowner's energy savings.
             economic conditions have resulted in ripple
             effects throughout this region's society in that
             more than 20% of the households live below the




             DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference                                                    Page 73








                   Delmarva Regional Approach                               to promote economic prosperity and social
                                                                            development through methods that will also
                       Implementation      of sound management              preserve and enhance their natural ecosystems.
                   strategies in coastal regions like the Eastern           The Institute carries out its mission related to
                   Shore requires the coupling of coastal                   environmental integrity, economic viability,
                   environmental quality with sound land-use                social well-being, and cultural uniqueness by
                   decisions, supported by improved scientific              pursuing two programmatic tracks: [11 linking
                   knowledge. The challenge is to design and carry          land-use development with conservation and
                   out interdisciplinary programs of integrated             protection of economically valuable coastal
                   assessment, focusing on the interactions of              watersheds and [2] providing assistance in
                   external forces and associated responses in the          developing rural, sustainable communities
                   coastal zone, that will more soundly guide               through grassroots empowerment, enhancement
                   landscape sustainable development in these               of local economies, and equitable improvement
                   regions. This requires an "ecosystem approach"           in quality of life.
                   to management and decisionmaking. It also
                   implies that there is often a direct linkage among           The Eastern Shore Institute has become a
                   events that happen respectively in Delaware,             respected, independent organization sensitive and
                   Maryland, or Virginia and the outcomes from              fully responsive to regional needs. Because its
                   these events being realized in any other of these        constituency is all sectorq of Eastern Shore
                   states.   In other words, the different regions          society, while serving qo special interest group,
                   (states) of the Delmarva Peninsula are truly             the Institute can truly facilitate the application of
                   interconnected.     Delaware watersheds impact           objective and sound information in assisting
                   Maryland coastal bays.         Likewise, Virginia        others to meet their goals. It serves as a catalyst
                   coastal bays, because of their significant oceanic       in assisting communities to improve human well-
                   influence, affect the quality of Maryland bays.          being without degrading environmental health.

                       The Delmarva Peninsula represents a coastal          Measuring Success
                   compartment.         This coastal compartment
                   exemplifies a geornorphologically and physically             The next level of effectiveness for work in
                   structured coastal unit repeated around the U.S.         Virginia will include the development of tools
                   and the world, and thus serves as an organizing          for measuring progress of projects, programs,
                   principle and a model to direct the comparative          and campaigns intended to advance sustainability
                   assessment of the many forces acting on the              in this region. The challenge in developing new
                   Delmarva Peninsula's coastal ecosystems. Using           and different efforts for improving the region's
                   this organizing focus and taking a holistic              quality of life will be to balance desires for
                   assessment approach can more effectively guide           economic prosperity and improved social well-
                   development of the management strategies                 h@j@      with    continued      maintenance       of
                   ultimately required to protect the long-term             environmental quality and important coastal
                   sustainability of coastal resources in a regional        resources.        Several      governmental-driven
                   context.                                                 programs and      projects, viewed as ways of
                                                                            improving economic conditions in a sustainable
                   The Eastern Shore Institute                              way for the region, are either being implemented
                                                                            or in the planning stages. For example, in the
                       The Eastern Shore Institute (TESI) is a non-         development of the Northampton County
                   profit organization founded in 1994 to address           Comprehensive Plan citizens defined a desired
                   sustainable development on Virginia's Eastern            future for the County and strategies to reach
                   Shore.      TESI's mission is to study and               their goals. The goals specified in the plan are
                   demonstrate ways for rural coastal communities           to conserve the County's natural resources and



                   Page 74                                            DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference








              rural character, as well as to pursue economic          demonstrated to you how these approaches fall
              self-sufficiency for all citizens. Citizen leaders      within the realm of a region focusing in a
              also developed a Blue Print for Economic                systematic    way     to    achieve      sustainable
              Growth which further articulates goals and              development for its many diverse communities
              development strategies that preserve and                that   emphasizes      simultaneous     focus     on
              capitalize on the County's natural and cultural         environment, economy and social well-being.
              heritage. Accomack County has defined similar
              goals through its comprehensive planning
              process, and with Northampton County, has
              cooperated in the Countryside Stewardship
              Exchange Program.

                 At present there is no way of determining
              (measuring) the success of these various
              programs and projects. In other words, how will
              we know we are getting where we want to go, or
              whether we have arrived? Benchmarks are the
              indicators that tell us whether elements of a plan
              are being achieved over time or if we are losing
              ground. An appropriately designed benchmark
              program for measuring Eastern Shore progress
              toward achieving sustainable goals will provide
              this region with an excellent set of coastal
              management policy tools. These tools will offer
              managers new approaches for evaluating the
              effectiveness of current policies and management
              strategies designed to link coastal resources with
              economic development. Positive trends can be
              highlighted, recognized, and actively maintained.
              The beginnings of negative trends can be
              detected and action taken to ameliorate
              problems. A benchmarks program will also
              promote community awareness about important
              issues of sustainability and guide future policy
              and decision making for the region regarding
              development that is done in harmony with the
              important natural resources of the area.


                 With the assistance of The Eastern Shore
              Institute, governments and public special interest
              groups in this region of the Delmarva Peninsula
              are working to bridge the gaps among
              environment, economy, and society in their
              programs designed and intended to improve
              economic conditions within the region. I hope
              that I have been able to accurately present to you
              some of the new and innovative approaches that
              are being taken in Virginia and at the same time



              DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference                                                  Page 75














                        REPORT ON BREAKOUT GROUPS TO DISCUSS MODELS AND
                         THEIR APPLICATIONS TO STATE AND LOCAL STRATEGIES




                  Introduction                                           untouched by human activity. Defining what
                                                                         exists is not complete and additional good
                      At lunchtime on the second day of the              science needs to be undertaken to define what is
                  conference, all participants were directed to          achievable. Also, while lack of coordination
                  select one of three breakout groups, Delaware,         among local jurisdictions is another issued faced
                  Maryland, or Virginia, based on their own              by Virginia, a planning district commission has
                  interests.  For approximately one hour, each           been formed to address cross-county issues.
                  breakout group was directed to discuss the issues
                  and findings raised during the conference in the           Therefore, a mechanism is in place and needs
                  context of their particular state as well as           to be activated with respect to coastal bay issues.
                  Delmarva-wide.       At the conclusion of the
                  breakout sessions, the full conference reconvened          Among the areas where they would like to
                  to discuss the findings of each group, which are       receive help are:
                  summarized below.          Reports focused on
                  Delmarva-wide strategies, with the exception of               Support from the State of Virginia for
                  Maryland, which used the time to further discuss              eastern shore issues - Unlike Maryland
                  the National Estuary Program (NEP).                           and Delaware, the rest of the State pays
                                                                                little heed to the eastern shore.         No
                  Virginia                                                      commissions or coastal bay programs
                                                                                exist. The focus on the Chesapeake Bay
                     The facilitator for the Virginia breakout                  is almost total. Also, there is a lack of
                  group was Dr. Warren Flint, Executive Director                constituency/voting block.
                  of the Eastern Shore Institute. Findings from the
                  breakout session were recorded on flip charts in              Development        of    an     overarching
                  terms of issues and obstacles, and presented to               purpose/mission to bring the people of the
                  all conference participants.                                  eastern shore together - Virginia should
                                                                                immediately take advantage of the models
                     The first key finding is that, given all of the            offered by Delaware and Maryland to
                  activity in Delaware and Maryland, Virginia                   begin motivating people.
                  wants to be included. Very little of the process
                  to date has crossed the state line. Models have        Delaware
                  been developed, organizations are in place, and
                  state boundaries are artificial. What Virginia             Dr. Bruce Richards, Executive Director of the
                  offers the process is serving as a model for what      Delaware Center for Inland Bays, facilitated the
                  the other bays would like to achieve in their          breakout session. Findings were presented on
                  restoration efforts. These bays are to a large         flip charts, beginning with the key factors that
                  degree, with the exception of agricultural runoff,     contribute      to   tourism,       development,



                  Page 76                                          DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference








             fi sheri es/she I I fi she ri es/aquacu I ture,  and          * Shoreline stabilization
             agriculture.                                                  * Point source pollution
                                                                           9 Storm/waste water impacts
                  Factors that influence tourism include:                  o Laws and regulations

                  ï¿½  No sales tax                                          Factors that influence agriculture include:
                  ï¿½  Two bridges with access
                  ï¿½  Stock car races                                       * Jack Tarburton/Frank Perdue
                  ï¿½  Birding/ecotourism activities                         o Russian exports
                  ï¿½  Coastal state parks                                   9 Profit/costs/equipment
                  ï¿½  Outlets                                               o Need to eat
                  ï¿½  Boating/jet skis                                      o Commodity markets
                                                                           o Weather
                  Factors that influence development include:              o Proximity to markets/infrastructure
                                                                           o Consumer demand
                  ï¿½  No sales tax, good economy, job base                  o BMPs
                  ï¿½  Infrastructure                                        e Land availability
                  ï¿½  Proximity to water                                    o Uncontrolled development
                  ï¿½  Profit/developer                                      9 Laws and regulation
                  ï¿½  Quality of life                                       o Drainage/irrigation
                  ï¿½  Retirement area                                       o Availability of labor
                  ï¿½  Clean beaches                                         o Urban encroachment
                  ï¿½  Recreational opportunities                            o Buffer zone/tax ditches
                  ï¿½  Pro-development atmosphere (politicians)              o Pest/weed control
                  ï¿½  Availability of housing                               o Technology
                  ï¿½  Colleges and universities                             o Government subsidies
                  ï¿½  Public schools                                        o Changing demographics (family farm
                                                                             preservation)
                  Factors that influence fisheries/
             shellfisheries/aquaculture include:                           The other key area focused on by the
                                                                      breakout group was Delaware's connection to
                  ï¿½  Lack of submerged aquatic vegetation             Delmarva-wide issues.          Issues that were
                     (SAV)                                            identified included:
                  ï¿½  Political environment
                  ï¿½  Water quality                                         o Over/underplanned uses of the landscape
                  ï¿½  Nonpoint source pollution                             9 Population growth
                  ï¿½  Loss of habitat                                       o Changes in age/demographics
                  ï¿½  Lack of education                                     e Transportation
                  ï¿½  Agricultural impacts                                  9 Loss of habitat
                  ï¿½  Neighboring jurisdictions (PA, MD, VA,                o Water quality
                     NJ)                                                   o Quality of life
                  ï¿½  Overharvesting                                        o Dredging Assawoman canal
                  ï¿½  Loss of wetlands                                      o Rural/urban conflict
                  ï¿½  Increase in technology                                o "User" conflicts
                  ï¿½  Recreational boating/jet skis                         o Natural disasters and planning
                  ï¿½  Commercial development                                o Collective planning and education
                  ï¿½  Benthic food systems                                  9 Increased cost for infrastructure
                  ï¿½  Septic system impacts on habitat                      o Loss of federal funds



             DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference                                                   Page 77








                       ï¿½   Political "will" regionally (county and                 The following comments/questions were
                           state)                                              received concerning the NEP process (responses
                       ï¿½   Loss of farmland                                    are noted where applicable):
                       ï¿½   Environmental data collection, use
                                                                               Comment: Please elaborate on development of
                       In  summary, key areas were access and                  the public participation strategy.
                  infrastructure,        changing        demographics,         Response: The Maryland NEP will review and
                  unplanned growth, coordination at all levels of              evaluate strategies that were developed for the
                  government, education and outreach, and                      Chesapeake Bay Program and for other NEPs.
                  regulations and laws.                                        A draft strategy will be developed based on
                                                                               these experiences. We will look at what groups
                  Maryland                                                     have been involved in past issues and determine
                                                                               which interests we need to reach to make this
                       The facilitator for this breakout group,                new program a success.
                  Gwynne Schultz, Director of the Coastal Zone
                  Management Division, Maryland Department of                  Comment: Americorp requires goal-orientation,
                  Natural Resources identified four topics for                 while we keep hearing about the process. There
                  discussion:                                                  are numerous Americorp people on the eastern
                                                                               shore who have been trained in databases,
                  1) upcoming activities; 2) the process; 3)                   environmental assessment, etc. Citizens need to
                  confirmation of the problems and goals; and,                 know what is expected of them and what the
                  time permitting, 4) Delmarva-wide strategies,                goals will be. We also need to develop a list of
                                                                               community groups with contact names that can
                       Regarding National Estuary Program (NEP)                help.
                  activities, a committee structure is under                   Response: Maryland has used the Conservation
                  development.        The management committee                 Corps in the past to identify problems.                In
                  recently met, while the remaining committees                 general, volunteer assistance is essential.
                  (policy,     scientific/technical,     and      citizen's
                  advisory) have yet to meet. Candidates for the               Comment: We need to make sure that different
                  Program Director's position will be interviewed              agencies do not have barriers that exclude
                  this week. Conference participants interested in             cooperation (e.g., years ago a bridge was built
                  learning more about the program and its                      that now restricts flushing, dredging actions may
                  committees should call Kathy Ellet at 410/974-               bring up contamination, and barrier islands were
                  3382.                                                        created that are now preserved). Different issues
                                                                               will require agencies to work synergistically.
                       Strategic    activities     underway        include     Response: The NEP will be looking at linkages
                  development of a public participation strategy to            over the next year.
                  reach all stakeholders, development of a data
                  management strategy, preparation of a first-year             Comment: What connection is there between the
                  work plan, and signing of a partnership                      NEP and the Corps of Engineers?
                  agreement among key players. Other activities                Response: The Corps of Engineers recently
                  include an environmental characterization study,             completed a I 1/2-year long study that used a
                  review of environmental programs, identification             holistic approach to examine water resources
                  of priority problems, development of a                       (e.g.,    navigation,       water     quality,       and
                  monitoring program, and preparation of a                     infrastructure). This study set the groundwork
                  management plan.                                             for the NEP, which will elaborate on it.





                  Page 78                                               DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference








             Comment: Is there a process for getting citizen           Comment: None of the studies have shown a lot
             input?                                                    of toxic contamination. Why is this problem
             Response: The NEP will have two focuses:                  listed and not sedimentation (like eutrophication,
             getting input from all stakeholders and getting           this affects drainage patterns)?         [Note:      a
             information out to everyone. Mechanisms are               resource expert responded that toxics are listed
             under development.                                        because of findings pertaining to historical
                                                                       practices    and    implications    for dredging;
             Comment: Instead        of population control, we         sedimentation is a valid issue and should be
             should recognize that everyone is a "re-creation"         covered as a separate problem or as a subset of
             artist and capable of re-thinking things.                 another.]
             Limiting creativity, in general, is a bad idea.
             Also, why not try to develop other areas of the           Comment: Fishing is very poor in the back bays
             state and bring the whole state into the process,         and the flounder are gone. Clam dredges flatten
             since all resources come from the same pot of             out the floor of the bay and create large flows of
             money?                                                    material. In addition, a speed limit should be
             Response: This leads into the next part of the            established for all vessels to control wakes. The
             discussion, priority problems.                            MD DNR says concerns are an over-reaction, but
                                                                       the commenter has seen these changes over a 45-
                 The breakout/group next discussed the                 year period.
             following priority problems identified by the
             NEP:                                                          The final discussion focused on the four main
                                                                       goals for the MD NEP that were identified in the
                 Eutrophication                                        original submittal package:
                 Habitat modification and loss
                 Decline in living resources                               *  Reduce water and habitat quality impacts
                 Toxic contamination                                          where they are most severe and maintain
                 Shellfish closures                                           quality of areas not degraded
                 Water-based activities
                                                                           *  Protect existing high-quality habitat, and
                 The following comments/questions were                        where possible, restore degraded habitat
             received concerning the identification              of
             problems:                                                     *  Control input of pathogens and toxic
                                                                              chemicals for human health and recreation
             Comment:         Flooding and standing water                     purposes
             problems due to population pressures should be
             added. We need better stormwater management.                  e  Plan for sustainable development and
             We also need to consider land subsidence due to                  population growth.
             ground-water withdrawal, as well as sea level
             rise (the minimum estimates indicate that it will             The following comments/questions were
             affect this area).                                        received on these goals (responses are noted
                                                                       where applicable):
             Comment: Environmental education is one of the
             most significant actions to take.                         Comment: No one has recommended looking at
                                                                       the Chesapeake Bay and what has been done
             Comment:       We need to start        demonstration      there. Rumor says it has improved. We also
             projects on sustainable economic       development.       have not heard anyone talking about critical
                                                                       areas.   Is there any movement to push this
                                                                       legislation?



             DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference                                                     Page 79








                 Response: The MD NEP is not aware of any
                 legislation, but does have plans to look at the
                 Chesapeake Bay program. Furthermore, EPA
                 noted that there are 28 NEPs in the country and
                 a technology transfer program exists to exchange
                 information. There are several good examples,
                 beginning with the Delaware Inland Bays.

                 Comment: Anything that happens needs to go
                 through the Maryland State legislature; therefore,
                 we need to push for what we want.

                 Comment: A lot comes down to money and
                 development. We are not going to be able to
                 keep people out. Ultimately, county. regulations
                 are most important and critical areas are a good
                 place to start. We need to figure out how to live
                 with these conditions. For example, we may
                 want to consider opening up areas that are
                 restricted in exchange for controls on harmful
                 types of development.        Also, we need to
                 communicate within groups (e.g., via a computer
                 bulletin board or e-mail).
                 Response:     Besides regulatory programs, we
                 need to look at offering incentives to the
                 development community. In addition, the MD
                 NEP has flyers available on becoming involved
                 with the Citizen's Advisory Committee.


























                 Page 80                                         DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference













                                 FULL CONFERENCE DISCUSSION ON ISSUES
                                   AND STRATEGIES BEST ADDRESSED BY A
                                             DELMARVA-WIDE APPROACH




                  Following reports from the state breakout                     needs to be taken into account, including
              groups, Rick Johnstone, Supervisor of Forestry                    auto emissions.
              for Delmarva Power and Light, opened the
              discussion to all participants on Delmarva-wide                   Do not underestimate the fondness of the
              issues.   In doing so, he noted that reduced                      American public for some of the
              federal    funds    increase     opportunities     for            regulations that have protected and
              partnerships.     Specifically, his experience in                 improved our environment far more than
              developing new Endangered Species Regulations                     any other nation in the world.
              emphasized the importance of involvement with                     Environmental      regulations     are     not
              respect to non-regulatory approaches.               To            harmful and were not developed to be
              elaborate on these approaches, Mr. Johnstone                      bothersome; they were developed because
              showed a videotape that outlined the voluntary                    they are necessary. People do not write
              pesticide environmental stewardship program                       unnecessary regulations.
              between the U.S. EPA and Delmarva Power and
              Light, and other utilities.          The videotape                Perhaps the bays should be federalized.
              provided an example of a partnership between                      The states will not get together with
              private industry and regulators to resolve                        enough clout, and this approach was
              environmental        concerns       through       best            successful for the Grand Canyon.             It
              management practices instead of regulations or                    should be used here because this resource
              legislation.    These approaches constitute a                     feeds people.
              paradigm shift, are economical, and have proven
              successful in farming and the Chesapeake Bay.                     Regarding how to reach the people who
                                                                                did not attend, every person here has the
                  The following Delmarva-wide issues were                       ability to contact other people; everyone
              then identified by conference participants:                       here is a carrier of the disease called
                                                                                "bay-saving". It doesn't matter if it's
                  ï¿½  The scientific and technical communities                   your Rotary Club, Kiwanis Club, Lion's
                     are very aware of what the problems are                    Club, sorority, board of realtor's,
                     and some of the solutions, but the public                  farming organization, or other groups.
                     at large needs to be educated. A series                    Everyone has jobs that are dependent on
                     of public service announcements in the                     the health of the economy in this area.
                     tri-state area needs to be undertaken                      We cannot point fingers and expect others
                     regarding the problems, programs, and                      to act; we have to do it.
                     objectives.
                                                                                The structure of the conference will be
                  ï¿½  As revealed by the Chesapeake Bay                          kept together for a while; i.e., the
                     studies, the significance of air emissions                 Agenda Planning Committee will meet
                                                                                again. Your input is needed as to what


              DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference                                                      Page 81








                         would be most helpful. Ideas can be sent
                         to Marsha Ramsay, Rick Kutz, Warren
                         Flint, Rick Johnstone, Bruce Richards,
                         Kent Price, and others if you are not
                         comfortable speaking in front of a large
                         audience'.     Also, please fill out the
                         evaluation forms.


                      ï¿½  Can the state representatives get together
                         a few times per year to share information
                         on what works and what doesn't work?


                      ï¿½  There are many youth in the area that can
                         get involved; e.g., Americorp and
                         Conservation Corps. These people are
                         trained in environmental assessments and
                         environmental       restoration.         This
                         involvement will improve the
                         environment, provide hands-on training,
                         and help these youth to be of service to
                         their community and become worthy
                         citizens of tomorrow.


                      ï¿½  Everyone should visit and snorkel in
                         Virginia's inland bays with elected
                         officials and citizens to see pristine bays
                         and develop goals for Delaware and
                         Maryland.

                      ï¿½  Lack of involvement by the biggest
                         stakeholder, Ocean City, is a concern.
                         We will have a difficult time achieving
                         goals without them.

                      ï¿½  As a direct consequence of this
                         conference,     the Worcester County
                         Planning     Department has          received
                         tentative comn-litments from the four
                         other planning staffs to begin meeting on
                         a regular basis.












                  Page 82                                          DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference













                                             CONFERENCE FOLLOW UP


                                                    W. Michael McCabe
                                          Regional Administrator, U.S. EPA




                Marsha Ramsay, President of Assateague               staying together. I think we ought to make this
             Coastal Trust (ACT), began the Follow Up                conference an annual event and EPA would
             session by stating ACT's commitment to                  certainly be willing to help if that is the desire
             advancing the work of the conference.            She    of the stakeholders.
             expects ACT tofacilitate communications among
             conference sponsors and participants, to build              We need to reach out and pull in more
             on this coalition to reach others, to reach out to      people. One disappointment, I think, with this
             and educate all Delmarva stakeholders, and to           conference is that there were not more
             facilitate involvement of local governments. She        development representatives. These people are
             invited all conference sponsors to work with            having a tremendous impact on this area and we
             ACT ACT will seek public and private funding            need to bring them in, talk to them, and educate
             to carry out this commitment. Ms. Ramsay then           them.      We also need to involve local
             turned the podium over to Michael McCabe for            government; I was pleased to see the level of
             closing remarks.                                        local government participation but I think it can
                                                                     be better.      We are lucky that with the
                I just want to thank everybody for coming,           Chesapeake Bay Program in such close
             and in particular, thank all of the members of          proximity, we can have a lot of overlapping
             the Planning Committee, especially Marsha               benefits. One of the exciting new things in the
             Ramsay and the people at the Assateague Coastal         Chesapeake Bay Program             is our local
             Trust.   When they first started talking about          government initiative. It's being put together
             putting this conference together, I think they          this year, including an action plan scheduled for
             were envisioning 60 or 70 people coming, and            completion by this October. This action plan
             obviously with 275 involved, this has been              can be applied to several other communities as
             beyond the planners' wildest expectations. This         well, including the coastal bays. As has been
             says great things about the level of involvement        discussed, EPA can tap into the community at
             in this region.                                         every level, and this is what we need to do.
                                                                     Everyday new people move into this community
                I am not    about to provide a summary or            because of the quality of life and they do not
             synthesis of what went on; I think everybody can        want to see that jeopardized. To the extent that
             take away different things from this conference.        we can involve these new residents as
             But I think it's pretty clear that we need to build     stakeholders, they will be a potent force in
             on the success of this conference in order to           making sure that we have the kind of sustainable
             accomplish some of the goals and objectives that        future that we all care about and are looking for.
             have been set forth here. I was really pleased to
             hear that the four counties will be getting                 If you are not involved, get involved with the
             together and that the agenda committee is               Delaware and Maryland Estuary Programs.



             DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference                                                  Page 83








                Also, as discussed, Virginia has a number of
                new initiatives in the coastal area that need our
                involvement and a broader stakeholder base.
                With that kind of involvement, we can make
                some changes. To my knowledge, there has
                been no natural tidal wave that has hit the
                Delmarva Peninsula, but we are experiencing a
                tidal wave approach to development in this part
                of the country. Unlike the natural phenomenon,
                we can plan for the impacts of the man-made
                kind. If we don't, however, the destruction to
                the quality of life and to the environment could
                be no less severe, although a lot more prolonged.
                We are looking for ways to deal with the impact
                of that tidal wave.      Your commitment and
                participation indicates that you care about how
                we manage that, and I think that the future looks
                hopefu 1.  1 am glad that I was part of this
                process, and I certainly plan on being a part of
                future events of this kind, whether I am in a
                politically appointed position or as a private
                citizen. Thank you and I look forward to the
                next meeting of this group.
































                Page 84                                        DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference









                                                            APPENDIX A


                     DELMARVA COASTAL BAYS CONFERENCE PARTICIPANTS







                                      DELMARVA COASTAL BAYS CONFERENCE PARTICIPANTS
                                                                 March 8,9,1996




                   Robert Abele                                                Billy Barroll
                   Ocean Pines                                                 The Conservation Fund
                   4667 A Ocean Pines                                          1800 North Kent Street, Suite 1120
                   Berlin, MD 21811                                            Arlington, VA 22209

                   Raymond W. Alden    III                                     Steven D. Beaston
                   Old Dominion Univ./AMRL                                     USCG Sea Partners
                   1034 W. 45th St.                                            19 Hassell Ave.
                   Norfolk, VA 23503-0456                                      Bethany Beach, DE 19930

                   Edward Ambrogio *                                           Gene A. Bechtel
                   U.S. EPA Region 111                                         1901 L street, N.W., Suite 250
                   Mail Code 3EPIO                                             Washington, DC 20036
                   841 Chestnut Street
                   Philadelphia, PA 19107                                      Robert Beckett
                                                                               MD Dept. oi-Natural Resources
                   Carol Anderson-Austra                                       Tawes State Office Bldg., E-2
                   Corps of Engineers, Baltimore Dist.                         580 Taylor Ave.
                   P.O. Box 1715                                               Annapolis, MD 21401
                   Baltimore, MD 21203-1715
                                                                               Kim Beidler
                   Charles App                                                 JACA Corporation
                   US EPA Region 111                                           550 Pinetown Rd.
                   841 Chestnut Building                                       Ft. Washington, PA 19034-2682
                   Philadelphia, PA 19107
                                                                               Geraldine Bell
                   Suzanne Aucella                                             Assateague Island Nat. Seashore
                   MD Dept. of Natural Resources                               7206 National Seashore Lane
                   Tawes State Office Bldg., E-2                               Berlin, MD 21811
                   580 Taylor Ave.
                   Annapolis, MD 21401                                         Jeri L. Berc
                                                                               USDA Nat. Resources Cons. Serv.
                   Geraldine Bachman                                           339 Busch's Frontage Road
                   Lower Eastern Shore Heritage Com.                           John Hanson Business Center
                   30485 Prince William St.                                    Annapolis, MD 21401
                   Princess Anne, MD 21853




                   Sponsors' Committee
                   Agenda Planning Committee

               DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference                                                     Page 85









                    Paul F. Berge                                                Michael Busacca
                    Accomack-Northampton Planning Dist.                          2726 Superior Ave.
                    P.O. Box 417                                                 Baltimore, MD
                    Accomac, VA 23301
                                                                                 Jim Butch
                    Elysabeth Bonar-Bouton                                       US EPA
                    MD Dept. of Natural Resources                                841 Chestnut Bldg., 3EPIO
                    Tawes State Office Building. E-2                             Philadelphia, PA 19107
                    580 Taylor Avenue
                    Annapolis, MD 21401                                          Jo Campbell
                                                                                 Ecotopics International News Serv.
                    Jane Boraczek                                                P.O. Box 2309
                    EA Engineering                                               Ocean City, MD 21842
                    110 19 McCormick Road
                    Hunt Valley, MD 21031                                        Pat Campbell-White
                                                                                 Center for Inland Bays
                    Donald E. Briggs                                             702 Rehoboth Avenue
                    National Park Service                                        Rehoboth Beach, DE 19971
                    Conservation Assistance Program
                    200 Chestnut Street, Suite 260                               Christopher Carbaugh
                    Philadelphia, PA 19106                                       Lawrence T. Whitlock Associates
                                                                                 3409 Coastal Highway
                    Dave Bunting                                                 Ocean City, MD 21842
                    Dorchester Street Dock
                    307 Dorchester Street                                        Ron Cascio
                    Ocean City, MD 21842                                         Chestnut Creek, Inc.
                                                                                 10046 Silver Point Lane
                    Randy Burgess                                                Ocean City, MD 21842
                    Center for Marine Conservation
                    306A Buckroe Avenue                                          James F. Casey
                    Hampton, VA 23664                                            MD Dept. of Natural Resources
                                                                                 Matapeake Terminal - Fisheries
                    Mary Burton                                                  301 Marine Academy Drive
                    Sussex LWV                                                   Stevensville, MD 21666
                    R.D. 6, Box 98
                    Millsboro, DE 19966                                          Lisa Challenger
                                                                                 Worcester County Tourism
                    Patrick Burton                                               105 Pearl Street
                    MD Dept. of Natural Resources                                Snow Hill, MD 21863
                    Tawes State Office Bldg., E-2
                    580 Taylor Ave.                                              Lee Anne Chandler
                    Annapolis, MD 21401                                          Critical Areas Commission, MDNR
                                                                                 45 Calvert St., 2nd Fl.
                    Agnes Busacca                                                Annapolis, MD 21401
                    2726 Superior Ave.
                    Baltimore, MD 21234                                          John K. Chlada
                                                                                 Perdue Farms Inc.
                                                                                 P.O. Box 1537
                                                                                 Salisbury, MD 21802



                 Page 86                                          DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference









                 John Chubb                                                     Susan Y. Demas
                 Citizens for a Better Eastern Shore                            USDA - Natural Resources Cons. Ser.
                 P.O. Box 882                                                   301 Bank Street
                 Eastville, VA 23347                                            Snow Hill, MD 21863

                 Jessica Cogan                                                  Judy Denver
                 DE Center for the Inland Bays                                  U.S. Geological Survey
                 P.O. Box 297                                                   300 S. New Street, Rm. 1201
                 Naussa, DE 19969                                               Dover, DE 19904

                 Sumner Crosby                                                  Chester T. Dickerson Jr.
                 US EPA Region III                                              Draper Dickerson Ent.
                 841 Chestnut Building, 3EP 10                                  11313 Willowbrook Dr.
                 Philadelphia, PA 19107                                         Potomac, MD 20854-2568

                 Charlotte A. Cully                                             Sally D. Dickerson
                 Assateague Coastal Trust                                       Draper Dickerson Ent.
                 3802 Perry Hall Rd.                                            11313 Willowbrook Dr.
                 Perry Hall, MD 21128                                           Potomac, MD 20854-2568

                 Carolyn Cummins                                                Steve Doctor
                 West Ocean City Association                                    MD Dept. of Natural Resources
                 9628 Oceanview Lane                                            Matapeake Terminal - Fisheries
                 W. Ocean City, MD 21842                                        301 Marine Academy Drive
                                                                                Stevensville, MD 21666
                 Dennis W. Dare
                 Town of Ocean City                                             Mark Duffy
                 P.O. Box 158                                                   Assateague Island Nat'l. Seashore
                 Ocean City, MD 21842                                           7206 National Seashore Lane
                                                                                Berlin, MD 21811
                 Celia Dawson
                 MD Dept. of Natural Resources                                  William Dunstan
                 Tawes State Office Bldg., D2                                   Old Dominion University
                 580 Taylor Ave.                                                Norfolk, VA 23529-0276
                 Annapolis, MD 21401
                                                                                Samuel H. Dyke
                 Frank Dawson                                                   Glatfelter Pulp Wood Company
                 MD Dept. of Natural Resources                                  P.O. Box 1971
                 Tawes State Office Bldg., E-2                                  Salisbury, MD 21802-1971
                 Annapolis, MD 21401
                                                                                Ajax Eastman
                 George P. Demas                                                Assateague Coastal Trust
                 USDA - Natural Resources Cons. Ser.                            112 E. Lake Avenue
                 301 Bank Street                                                Baltimore, MD 21212
                 Snow Hill, MD 21863
                                                                                Beth Ebersole
                                                                                ICF Kaiser
                                                                                9300 Lee Highway
                                                                                Fairfax, VA 22031




              DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference                                                   Page 87










                       Kathleen Ellett *                                                   Patricia Ficken
                       MD Dept. of Natural Resources                                       Coalition of Coastal Communities
                       Tawes State Office Bldg., E-2                                       Rt. 3, Box 297A
                       580 Taylor Ave.                                                     Selbyville, DE 19975
                       Annapolis, MD 21401
                                                                                           Cynthia Field
                       Donna R. Emory                                                      MD Dept. of Natural Resources
                       Assateague Coastal Trust                                            580 Taylor Avenue
                       1525 Bolton Street                                                  Tawes State Office Building, C-2
                       Baltimore, MD 21217                                                 Annapolis, MD 21401

                       Richard W. Emory Jr.                                                Erin M. Fitzsimmons
                       Assateague Coastal Trust                                            Assateague Coastal Trust
                       1525 Bolton Street                                                  Salisbury State University
                       Baltimore, MD 21217                                                 Political Science Dept.
                                                                                           Salisbury, MD 21801-6837
                       Pamela L. Eng
                       Salisbury State University                                          Ingo Fleming
                       Bioenvirons Club                                                    National Marine Fisheries
                       3) 12 Gay Street, Apt. 2                                            P.O. Box 474
                       Salisbury, MD 21801                                                 Ocean City, MD 21842-0474

                       Steve D. Engel                                                      R. Warren Flint"
                       Lawrence T. Whitlock Associates                                     The Eastern Shore Institute
                       3409 Coastal Highway                                                P.O. Box 688
                       Ocean City, MD 21842                                                Exmore, VA 23350

                       Richard Eskin *                                                     Woody Francis
                       MD Dept. of the Environment                                         Baltimore Dist. Corps of Engineers
                       2500 Broening Highway                                               P.O. Box 1715
                       Baltimore, MD 21224                                                 Baltimore, MD 21203-1715


                       Joe Farrell                                                         Julia M. Fritz
                       University of Delaware                                              Worcester Soil Conservation Dist.
                       Sea Grant Marine Advisory Service                                   P.O. Box 97
                       700 Pilottown Road                                                  Snow Hill, MD 21863
                       Lewes, DE 19958
                                                                                           Rebecca Gast
                       Joseph W. Fehrer                                                    MD Geological Survey
                       Worcester Environmental Trust                                       2300 St. Paul St.
                       I 10 W. Federal St.                                                 'Baltimore, MD 21218
                       Snow Hill, MD 21863
                                                                                           Elinor Gawel
                       Ilia J. Fehrer                                                      Kent County Planning Office
                       Worcester Environmental Trust                                       103 N. Cross St.
                       I 10 W. Federal St.                                                 Chestertown, MD 21620
                       Snow Hill, MD 21863






                   Page 88                                                DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference








               Jim George                                                     Harriett Hankins
               MD Dept. of the Environment                                    Dorchester County
               2500 Broening Highway                                          1902 Pig Neck Rd.
               Baltimore, MD 21224                                            Cambridge, MD 21613
               Barbara Gillespie                                              Audrey Hansen
               Assateague Coastal Trust                                       Salisbury State University
               10046 Silver Point Lane                                        Bioenvirons Club
               Ocean City, MD 21842                                           9137 Libertytown Rd.
                                                                              Berlin, MD 21811
               Charles B. Glover
               Ocean Pines Association, Inc.                                  Walter B. Harris
               239 Ocean Parkway                                              CWRAC
               P.O. 2700 Ocean Pines                                          13650 Blooming Neck Road
               Berlin, MD 21811                                               Worton, MD 21678

               Michael N. Goldberg                                            Verna Harrison
               P.O. Box 548                                                   MD Department of Natural Resources
               Berlin, MD 21811                                               Tawes State Office Building, C-4
                                                                              580 Taylor Avenue
               Tim Goodger                                                    Annapolis, MD 21401
               Nat'l. Marine Fisheries Service
               904 S. Morris St.                                              Molly Harriss Olson
               Oxford, MD 21654                                               President's Coun/Sustainable Devel.
                                                                              730 Jackson Place, N.W.
               David Goshorn                                                  Washington, DC 20503
               MD Dept. of Natural Resources
               Tawes State Office Bldg., D2                                   Philip E. Hartman
               580 Taylor Ave.                                                Assateague Coastal Trust
               Annapolis, MD 21401                                            1604 Ralworth Rd.
                                                                              Baltimore, MD 21218-2232
               Bob Haase
               South Point Association                                        Zlata Hartman
               7146 Chandler Drive                                            Assateague Coastal Trust
               Berlin, MD 21811                                               1604 Ralworth Rd.
                                                                              Baltimore, MD 21218-2232
               Phil Hager*
               Worcester County                                               Ian Hartwell
               One W. Market St.                                              MD Dept. of Natural Resources
               Room 116 Court House                                           Tawes State Office Bldg., D2
               Snow Hill, MD 21863-1070                                       580 Taylor Ave.
                                                                              Annapolis, MD 21401
               Robert Hand
               R D Hand and Assoc.                                            Sue Hayes
               13354 Cove Landing Road                                        Oceanside Advisory Committee, DNR
               Bishopville, MD 21813                                          Oyster Bay Tackle
                                                                              11615 Coastal Highway
                                                                              Ocean City, MD 21842





             DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference                                                   Page 89









                    John Heisler                                                   Henry W. Immanuel
                    U.S. EPA                                                       2250
                    Mail Code 4504-F                                               Elliott Island Road
                    401 M St., SW                                                  Elliott Island, MD 21869
                    Washington, DC 20460
                                                                                   William Jenkins
                    Frederick B. Higgins                                           MD Dept. of Natural Resources
                    Temple University                                              Tawes State Office Building, E-2
                    Philadelphia, PA 19122                                         580 Taylor Avenue
                                                                                   Annapolis, MD 21401
                    Louise Hildreth
                    Assateague Coastal Trust                                       Judy Johnson
                    912 Rolandvue Road                                             Assateague Coastal Trust
                    Baltimore, MD 21204                                            Broadmead, Apt. K- 17
                                                                                   13 801 York Road
                    Margarita Hill                                                 Cockeysville, MD 21030-1808
                    University of Maryland
                    Dept. of Horticulture & L.A.                                   Rick Johnstone
                    College Park, MD 20742-5611                                    Delmarva Power & Light
                                                                                   P.O. Box 1739
                    Charles H. Hocutt                                              Salisbury, MD 21802-1739
                    University of MD, Eastern Shore
                    Princess Anne, MD 21853                                        Evelyn Kampmeyer
                                                                                   NO Conservation Corps, DNR
                    Ralph Hoen                                                     Tawes State Office Building, E-3
                    South Point Association                                        580 Taylor Avenue
                    7146 Chandler Drive                                            Annapolis, MD 21401
                    Berlin, MD 21811
                                                                                   Lee Karrh
                    Mark L. Homer                                                  University of Delaware
                    MD Dept. of Natural Resources                                  College of Marine Studies
                    P.O. Box 150                                                   700 Pilottown Road
                    Piney Point, MD 20674                                          Lewes, DE 19958

                    Nancy L. Howard.                                               Renee Karrh
                    MD Dept. of Natural Resources                                  MD Dept. of Natural Resources
                    201 Baptist Street, Suite 22                                   Tawes State Office Bldg., D2
                    Salisbury, MD 21801                                            580 Taylor Ave.
                                                                                   Annapolis, MD 21401
                    Bill Hu1slander
                    Assateague Island Nat'l. Seashore                              Katie Kause
                    7206 National Seashore Lane                                    MD Dept. of Natural Resources
                    Berlin, MD 21811                                               Forest, Wildlife & Heritage Service
                                                                                   201 Baptist St., Suite 22
                    Margot Hunt                                                    Salisbury, MD 21801
                    Assateague Coastal Trust
                    P.O. Box 26
                    Chincoteague, VA 23336-0026





                  Page 90                                           DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference








              Joan Kean                                                      Marc Koenings
              CWRAC                                                          Assateague Island Nat. Seashore
              P.O. Box 269                                                   7206 National Seashore Lane
              Chincoteague, VA 23336-0269                                    Berlin, MD 21811

              Frederick Keer Jr.                                             John Koslosky
              Assateague Coastal Trust                                       9133 5th Street
              P.O. Box 21887                                                 Lanham, MD 20706
              Baltimore, MD 21222-6887
                                                                             Stella Koslosky
              Willett Kempton                                                9133 5th Street
              University of Delaware                                         Lanham, MD 20706
              College of Marine Studies
              Newark, DE 19716                                               Steven Krasnow
                                                                             Assateague Coastal Trust
              Randall Kerhin                                                 12604 Celtic Court
              MD Dept. of Natural Resources                                  Rockville, MD 20850
              MD Geological Survey
              2300 St. Paul Street                                           William K. Kroen
              Baltimore, MD 12118                                            Wesley College
                                                                             120 North Street
              Butch Kinerney                                                 Dover, DE 19901
              DE Dept. of Natural Resources
              89 Kings Highway                                               Jack Kumer
              P.O. Box 1401                                                  Assateague Island Nat'l. Seashore
              Dover, DE 19903                                                7206 National Seashore Lane
                                                                             Berlin, MD 21811
              Dennis G. Klosterman
              Corps of Engineers, Baltimore Dist.                            Rick Kutz
              P.O. Box 1715                                                  US EPA, Region III
              Baltimore, MD 21203                                            Suite 200, 201 Defense Hwy.
                                                                             Annapolis, MD 21401
              Chris Klump
              2522 Bayview Rd.                                               Abigail Lambert
              Girdletree, MD 21829                                           Lower Shore Land Trust
                                                                             P.O. Box 271
              Kim A. Klump                                                   Secretary, MD 21664
              Worcester County
              One W. Market St.                                              Chris Lea
              Room 116 Court House                                           Assateague Island Nat'l. Seashore
              Snow Hill, MD 21863-1070                                       7206 National Seashore Lane
                                                                             Berlin, MD 21811
              Henry Koellein Jr.
              Atlantic Coast Chapter, M.S.S.A.                               Cyrus Lesser
              538 Marlinspike Drive                                          MD Dept. of Agriculture
              SevernaPark,MD 21146-3355                                      50 Harry S. Truman Parkway
                                                                             Annapolis, MD 21401






             DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference                                                   Page 91








                     Mary Jane Lindblad                                           Gregory McCabe
                     DE Center for Inland Bays                                    Center for Inland Bays
                     204 West I I th St.                                          Rt. 2, Box 120-A
                     South Bethany, DE 19930                                      Selbyville, DE 19975

                     Cecelia Linder                                               Michael McCabe
                     University of Delaware                                       US EPA Region III Administrator
                     700 Pilottown Road                                           841 Chestnut Street
                     Lewes, DE 19958                                              Philadelphia, PA 19107

                     Calvin D. Lubben                                             John McCloud
                     Chesapeake Forest Products Co.                               NOAA
                     P.O. Box 300                                                  MD
                     Pocomoke City, MD 21851
                                                                                  Jack N. McDonald
                     Jeanne R. Lynch                                              York (PA) Suburban School District
                     Worcester County Commissioner                                455 Sundale Drive
                     10464 Azalea Rd.                                             York, PA 17547
                     Berlin, MD 21811
                                                                                  Susan McDowell
                     Dale A. Maginnis                                             US EPA Region III
                     Delmarva Advisory Council                                    841 Chestnut Building, 3EP 10
                     P.O. Box 4277                                                Philadelphia, PA 19107
                     Salisbury, MD 21803-4277
                                                                                  Margaret McGinty
                     Stacey A. Marek                                              MD Dept. of Natural Resources
                     Corps of Engineers, Baltimore Dist.                          Tawes State Office Bldg., D2
                     P.O. Box 1715                                                580 Taylor Ave.
                     Baltimore, MD 21203-1715                                     Annapolis, MD 21401

                     Joe Margraf                                                  James McGowan
                     University of MD, Eastern Shore                              Accomack-Northampton Planning Dist.
                     MD Fish & Wildlife Coop Unit                                 P.O. Box 417
                     Room 1120 Trigg Hall                                         Accomac, VA 23301
                     Princess Anne, MD 21853
                                                                                  J. Chapman McGrew Jr.
                     Lora Martin                                                  Salisbury State University
                     DE Center for Inland Bays                                    Dept. Geography/Regional Planning
                     P.O. Box 297                                                 212 Devilbiss Hall
                     Nassau, DE 19969                                             Salisbury, MD 21801

                     Lora Martin                                                  Kate Meade
                     DE Center for the Inland Bays                                MD Dept. of Natural Resources
                     P.O. Box 297                                                 Tawes State Office Building, B-3
                     Naussa, DE 19969                                             580 Taylor Avenue
                                                                                  Annapolis, MD 21401







                  Page 92                                         DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference








               Joseph N. Melson Jr.                                          William F. Moyer
               P.O. Box 1468                                                 DE Dept. of Natural Resources
               Bethany Beach, DE 19930                                       89 Kings Highway
                                                                             PO Box 1401
               Cornelia Melvin                                               Dover, DE 19903,
               The Nature Connection
               24 Pack Lane                                                  Laura Murray
               Lewes, DE 19958                                               University of MD, Horn Point
                                                                             P.O. Box 775
               Mark Mendelsohn                                               Cambridge, MD 21613
               Corps of Engineers, Baltimore Dist.
               P.O. Box 1715                                                 Robert W. Nelson
               Baltimore, MD 21203-1715                                      Ocean Pines Association
                                                                             239 Ocean Parkway
               Samantha Metcalf                                              2700 Ocean Pines
               Penn State University                                         Berlin, MD 21811
               4101 Woodley Dr.
               Alexandria, VA 22309                                          Vivian Newman
                                                                             MD Wetlands Committee
               Andy Meyer                                                    11194 Douglas Ave.
               CWRAC, HaTford County MD                                      Marriottsville, MD 21104-1622
               220 South Main Street
               Bel Air, MD 21014                                             Bruce E. Nichols
                                                                             USDA - Natural Resources Cons. Ser.
               Bruce Michael                                                 301 Bank Street
               MD Dept. of Natural Resources                                 Snow Hill, MD 21863
               Tawes State Office Bldg., D2
               580 Taylor Ave.                                               Raymond Nornes
               Annapolis, MD 21401                                           South Point Association
                                                                             7146 Chandler Drive
               Saralynn C. Molliver                                          Berlin, MD 21811
               Assateague Coastal Trust
               I 10 Woodbrook Lane                                           John C. North
               Baltimore, MD 21212                                           Chesapeake Bay Critical Areas Comm.
                                                                             45 Calvert Street
               Ralph Moore                                                   Annopolis, MD 21401
               Perdue Farms
               P.O. Box 1537                                                 Katherine Nowarth
               Salisbury, MD   21802-1537                                    Newark, De

               Dana Morris-Jones                                             Peter Noy
               Morris-Jones Associates                                       Corps of Engineers, Baltimore Dist.
               279 Fairtree Plaza                                            P.O. Box 1715
               Severna Park, MD 21146                                        Baltimore, MD 21203-1715

                                                                             Mary Ochse
                                                                             Assateague Coastal Trust
                                                                             P.O. Box 551
                                                                             Ocean City, MD 21842



             DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference                                                  Page 93








                     Bill Painter                                                 Christina Pompa
                     US EPA                                                       206 Windsor Avenue
                     Office Policy Planning/Evaluation                            Centreville, MD 21617
                     USEPA, Mail Code 2124,401 M ST.,SW
                     Washington, DC 20460                                         Stephanie Poole
                                                                                  University of Delaware
                     Tom Parham                                                   Center for Study of Marine Policy
                     MD Dept. of Natural Resources                                301 Robinson Hall
                     Tawes State Office Bldg., D2                                 Newark, DE 19711
                     580 Taylor Ave.
                     Annapolis, MD 21401                                          Shirley Price
                                                                                  Murray's Bait & Tackle
                     Mitch Parker                                                 RD 2 Box 120
                     Frontier Town Campground                                     Millville, DE 19970
                     P.O. Box 691
                     Ocean City, MD 21842                                         Kent S. Price
                                                                                  DE Center for Inland Bays
                     R. G. Parks                                                  P.O. Box 297
                     Kegotank Bay Clam Co.                                        Nassau, DE 19969
                     19081 Glenn Drive
                     Parksley, VA 23421                                           Til Purnell
                                                                                  SWAB
                     Jim Parsons                                                  R.D. 6, Box 98
                     Perdue Farms Inc.                                            Millsboro, DE 19966
                     P.O. Box 1537
                     Salisbury, MD 21802                                          Rose Railey
                                                                                  Assateague Island Nat'l. Seashore
                     John W. Passwater                                            7206 National Seashore Lane
                     99 Woods Drive                                               Berlin, MD 21811
                     Lewes, DE 19958
                                                                                  John Ramsay
                     Tom Patton                                                   Assateague Coastal Trust
                     Assateague Coastal Trust                                     6009 Lake Manor Dr.
                     P.O. Box 578                                                 Baltimore, MD 21210
                     Berlin, MD 21811
                                                                                  Marsha Ramsay
                     Michael Peirson                                              Assateague Coastal Trust
                     Cherrystone Aqua-Farms                                       6009 Lake Manor Dr.
                     P.O. Box 347                                                 Baltimore, MD 21210
                     Cheriton, VA 23316
                                                                                  Bruce A. Richards
                     Robert Perciasepe                                            DE Center for Inland Bays
                     US EPA, Asst. Admin. for Water                               P.O. Box 297
                     Washington, DC                                               Nassau, DE 19969

                     Grace W. Pierce-Beck                                         Spencer Rowe
                     Delaware Audubon Society                                     12409 Kent Road
                     20 Muirfield Court                                           Ocean City, MD 21842
                     Dover, DE 19904




                   Page 94                                          DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference








                Bill Satterfield                                             Kevin M. Smith
                Delmarva Poultry Industry                                    MD Dept. of Natural Resources
                RD 6, Box 47                                                 Tawes State Office Bldg., E-2
                Georgetown, DE 19947-9622                                    Annapolis, MD 21401

                Jeff Schoellkoff                                             Ray Smith
                P.O. Box 237                                                 Balfour Holdings Inc.
                Warren, VT 05674                                             1180 Sunrise Valley Dr., Suite 925
                                                                             Reston, VA 22091
                Pat Schrawder
                Baywatch                                                     Kelly Snannahan
                12808 Harbor Rd.                                             Worcester County
                Ocean City, MD 21842                                         Room 112 Court House
                                                                             One West Market Street
                John D. Schroer                                              Snow Hill, MD 21863
                U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
                Chincoteague NWR                                             Ralph Spagnolo
                P.O. Box 62                                                  U.S. EPA, Region III
                Chincoteague, VA 23336                                       841 Chestnut Bldg., 3EP30
                                                                             Philadelphia, PA 19107
                Gwynne Schultz **
                MD Dept. of Natural Resources                                Carl F. Steinitz
                Tawes State Office Bldg., E-2                                Harvard University
                580 Taylor Ave.                                              Graduate School of Design
                Annapolis, MD 21401                                          48 Quincy Street
                                                                             Cambridge, MA 02138
                Chris Shelton
                Town Creek Foundation                                        Charlie Stek
                P.O. Box 159                                                 Sen. Paul Sarbanes'Office
                Oxford, MD 21654                                             Washington, DC

                Diana L. Sienicki                                            Naki Stevens
                21 Cognac Drive                                              Restore America's Estuaries
                Newark, DE 19702                                             1400 16th St. NW, Room 236
                                                                             Washington, DC 20036
                Michael L. Sienicki
                21 Cognac Drive                                              Barbara E. Stratton
                Newdrk, DE 19702                                             Corps of Engineers, Phila. District
                                                                             Wanamaker Building
                Anne Sloan                                                   100 Penn Square East
                MD Dept. of Natural Resources                                Philadelphia, PA 19107-3390
                Tawes State Office Building, E-2
                580 Taylor Avenue                                            David Sutherland
                Annapolis, MD 21401                                          The Conservation Fund
                                                                             1800 North Kent Street, Suite 1120
                Evan Smith                                                   Arlington, VA 22209
                The Conservation Fund
                1800 North Kent street, Suite 1120
                Arlington, VA 22209




              DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference                                                Page 95








                       Betsy Tam                                                     Barry Truitt
                       US EPA                                                        The Nature Conservancy
                       1079 South Fprest Drive                                       Virginia Coast Reserve
                       Arlington, VA 22204                                           P.O. Box 158
                                                                                     Nassawadox, VA 23413
                       Jack Tarburton
                       DE Dept. of Agriculture                                       Jerry Truitt
                       MD                                                            Delmarva Poultry Industry
                                                                                     RD 6, Box 47
                       Mitchell Tarnowski                                            Georgetown, DE 19947-9622
                       MDNR Shellfish Program
                       361 Sherwood Trail                                            John G. Trumpower
                       Annapolis, MD 21401                                           12943 Windy Drive
                                                                                     Ocean City, MD 21842
                       Steve Taylor
                       U.S. EPA                                                      Alice M. Tweedy
                       401 M St., SW                                                 3522 Figgs Landing road
                       Washington, DC 20460                                          Snow Hill, MD 21813

                       Allen B. Teasley                                              Lexia Valdes
                       Broadwater Academy                                            University of Delaware
                       P.O. Box 546                                                  700 Pilottown Road
                       Exrnore, VA 23350                                             Lewes, DE 19958


                       Cal Thomas                                                    Elizabeth Valentine
                       Salisbury State University                                    MD Dept. of Natural Resources
                       Dept. of Geography                                            Tawes State Office Bldg., E-2
                       Salisbury, NO 21801                                           580 Taylor Ave.
                                                                                     Annapolis, MD 21401
                       Terry Thompson *
                       Virginia Coast Reserve - TNC                                  Eric S. Walbeck
                       P.O. Box 158                                                  Assateague Coastal Trust
                       Nassawadox, VA 23413                                          110 Marykay Road
                                                                                     Timonium, MD 21093
                       Paul C. Ticco
                       Critical Areas Commission                                     Larry Walton
                       45 Calvert St.                                                Chesapeake Forest Products Co.
                       Annapolis, MD 21401                                           P.O. Box 300
                                                                                     Pocomoke City, MD 21851
                       Carol Toomey
                       Assateague Coastal Trust                                      Perry Weed
                       15004 Reserve Road                                            Rep. Wayne Gilchrest's Office
                       Accokeek, MD 20607-9403                                       121 N. Washington St.
                                                                                     Easton, MD 21601
                       Amanda Truett
                       Wildfowl Trust of North America                               Thomas Weiss
                       Horsehead Wetlands Center                                     MD Office of Planning
                       600 Discovery Lane, P.O. Box 519                              201 Baptist St., Suite 24
                       Grasonville, MD 216' ) 8                                      Salisbury, MD 21801




                   Page 96                                           DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference








                Darlene V. Wells                                                Philip Wirth
                Maryland Geological Survey                                      Univ. of MD, Eastern Shore
                2300 St. Paul Street                                            MD Fish & Wildlife Coop Unit
                Baltimore, MD 21218                                             Trigg Hall, Rm. 1120
                                                                                Princess Anne, MD 21853
                Alan E. Wesche
                MD Dept. of Natural Resources                                   Philip Wirth
                Matapeake Terminal - Fisheries                                  University of MD, Eastern Shore
                301 Marine Academy Drive                                        MD Fish & Wildlife Coop Unit
                Stevensville, MD 21666                                          Room 1120 Trigg Hall
                                                                                Princess Anne, MD 21853
                Lee Whaley
                Sen. Paul Sarbanes'Office                                       Harry Womack
                Salisbury, MD 21801                                             Salisbury State University
                                                                                Department of Biology
                Christopher Williams                                            Salisbury, MD 21801
                MD Geological Survey
                2300 St. Paul St.                                               Frances A. Wright
                Baltimore, MD 21218                                             Assateague Coastal Trust
                                                                                15004 Reserve Road
                Lana Williams                                                   Accokeek, MD 20607-9403
                Worcester County Public Schools
                6270 Worcester Highway                                          Marie Youngs
                Newark, MD 21841                                                Assateague Coastal Trust
                                                                                P.O. Box 731
                Stephen N. Williams                                             Berlin, MD 21811
                DE Dept. of Natural Resources
                89 Kings Highway                                                Ann Zahn
                P.O. Box 1401                                                   7814 Glenbrook Road
                Dover, DE 19903                                                 Bethesda, MD 20814

                Roger C. Williamson                                             Theodore Zahn
                100 Woods Dr.                                                   7814 Glenbrook Road
                Lewes, DE 19958                                                 Bethesda, MD 20814

                Carolyn Windsor                                                 Mark Zankel
                Assateague Coastal Trust                                        The Nature Conservancy, DE Chapter
                8406 Maymeadow Court                                            321 South State Street
                Baltimore, MD 21244                                             Dover, DE 19901

                Sandy Winter                                                    Nick Zimmerman
                Wor-Wic Community College                                       University of MD, Eastern Shore
                ' )2000 Campus Drive                                            Princess Anne, MD 21853
                Salisbury, MD 21801
                                                                                Carl S. Zimmerman
                                                                                Assateague Island Nat'l. Seashore
                                                                                7206 National Seashore Lane
                                                                                Berlin, MD 21811





             DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference                                                     Page 97













                                                             APPENDIX B


                                            CONFERENCE EVALUATION FORM




                  Please turn in this completed form at the end of the conference.

                  1. Did the conference meet your expectations? 73 Yes 10 No


                  2. The conference was


                     Well organized          75 Yes 4 No
                     Informative             76 Yes I No
                     Good presentations      68 Yes 6 No

                     How could the conference have been improved?

                     Comments: Audio-visuals should have been suitable for large audience and large room so all
                     could see. Some presentations not effective. More local officials, developers, local citizens should
                     have attended Subject matter too general. More breaks needed

                  3. How were the conference accommodations?


                     Meeting rooms           34 Good 36 Fair I I Poor
                     Food                    35 Good 40 Fair 6 Poor


                     Comments: Too cold and noisy in breakout groups.

                  4. Should this conference set the   stage for followup actions?


                     81 Yes 0 No


                     Future Conferences      70 Yes   5 No
                     Newsletters             T9 Yes   -5 No
                     Committees              62 Yes   3 No


                     If YES, what issues should be addressed?

                     Comments: Most respondents stressed needfor public education and involvement and cited issues
                     raised at conference (agricultural practices, development, tourism, fishing) as well as good land
                     planning, preservation offtagile areas, and updates on three-state efforts as being most important
                     issues for fiture focus.



                  Page 98                                          DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference








               If YES, at what governmental level?

               49 Local (County) 34 State 59 Delmarva-wide

           5. Are you willing to commit your time and/or money to ensure follow up actions are successful?
               71 Yes 5 No


           6.  What is your personal vision for the future of Delmarva's Coastal Bays?

               Comments: There was considerable agreement that nature and human needs be in harmony:
               affordable and good quality of life; clean environment; open space; reasonable growth; protection
               ofsensitive areas such as wetlands and shorelines; goodfishing; clean bays throughout Delmarva.

           7.  How can this vision best be achieved?


               Comments: There was considerable supportfor education of all citizens, visitors and political
               leaders; for better planning for growth, involving all stakeholders and including reduction of
               waterside development and putting sensitive lands in conservation; for local zoning ordinances
               to protect sensitive areas and guide development to already developed areas and away ftom
               wetlands and shorelines. Everyone working together: cooperate, build consensus, stop finger-
               pointing.

           8.  What role do you envision for elected and appointed officials?

               Comments: There was almost unanimous agreement that officials need to listen to stakeholders'
               concerns and lead an effort toward sensible growth in the region that considers responses
               summarized in 6 & 7 above. Elected officials, most believe, should lead public education and
               involvement efforts and fund projects that protect and restore fragile and sensitive areas. Other
               suggestions include creating incentives to businesses that operate in environmentally protective
               ways and establishing userfees to payfor restoration. There was considerable criticism of local
               elected officials who chose not to attend the conference. There was additional criticism that these
               officials tend to make decisions that favor special, rather than public, interests. Most agreed,
               however, that it's time to move forward together.




           Total attendance at the conference was 269. The summary above is based on the 83 Evaluation Forms
           that were turned in at the end of the conference, representing 31 percent of conference attendees.













           DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference                                              Page 99













                                                           APPENDIX C


                                                  REMAINING QUESTIONS



                 Following the panel discussion on the environmental and economic status of the coastal bays and their
                 watersheds, conference participants were provided with a 15-minute break in which to develop
                 questions for any of the panelists or resource experts. For the remainder of the hour, the panelists
                 and resource experts addressed several questions, which are presented on page 60. Due to the
                 overwhelming number of questions and limited time, however, the majority could not be discussed.
                 This Appendix lists these other questions that remain for future discussion.

                 I .  How can overuse/abuse of resources be prevented or curtailed?

                 2.   Discussions of this conference have all emphasized sustainable development practices as a means
                      of assuring good quality of life and healthy ecosystems for the future. If this approach is
                      adopted, we will need a means to persuade the public to adopt this idealogy. Will there be any
                      focus on the economic benefits of sustainable development approaches that can be translated to
                      pocketbook savings meaningful to the individual taxpayers?

                 3.   We keep talking about growth management and control. This issue has even been addressed in
                      comprehensive management plans. So, why are growth limits/boundaries not drawn and
                      implemented by co-governments? Why don't we do what Portland has done?

                 4.   How much of the original wetlands have been lost to development over the years?

                 5.   The majority of attendees are either from the government or are involved in grass roots efforts.
                      How do we involve in the planning process those people in the middle?

                 6.   What efforts are underway to enact better land use planning mechanisms such as: transfer of
                      development rights and cluster zoning to create open space, etc.?

                 7.   The perception among citizens is that their input is not truly desired because they may not be
                      qualified or have a different agenda that is contrary to the environmental protection. This is not
                      true! They offer real time, on-site data. However, they may need more information. What
                      efforts will be made to inform and involve the public?

                 8.   Why not set up a "Tributary Strategies" type process for the Coastal Bays involving DE, MD and
                      VA? Since nutrients are the major problem, a "Coastal Bays Strategies" would involve citizens,
                      local, state and federal governments, businesses and environmental groups, and could concentrate
                      on specific issues that are unique to each state's coastal bays.





                 Page 100                                       DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference








             9.  We have heard about limited resources, but have not tapped our most available - volunteers. The
                 governmental agencies do not seem to have had, as a part of their process, harnessing this
                 resource for gathering data, interviewing people and in general creating an army of extra help.
                 Can you do more to integrate public groups into your teams? Example: Ocean Pines has several
                 groups to help: Boat Club, Fishing Club (Anglers), Power Squadron, and individuals.

             10. It was mentioned that the benthic community in southern Chincoteague Bay was in good shape
                 and that northern Indian River Bay was in poor shape. Does this indicate a general north to
                 south trend in degradation which may correspond with numbers of individual septic systems
                 going north to south? Were the northern Indian River Bay sites and the southern Chincoteague
                 Bay sites sampled simultaneously?

             11. Do manmade canals act as a sump keeping runoff pollutants from entering the main bodies of
                 water in the bays?

             12. What are the largest sources of nutrient pollution into the bays? What causes the oxygen and
                 toxic chemicals? What two to three things would have the most impact on reduction?

             13. Are county economic development and tourism staff talking to planning and zoning staff to
                 ensure that natural resource amenities that serve as attractions to companies to locate in this area
                 are protected? If so, how is the planning process affected?

             14. Functionally, a stand of trees does not make a forest. What is Delaware doing to foster a
                 sustainable forestry ethic among its forest industry?

             15. Hasn't Delaware put the cart before the horse by creating major access routes between its bays
                 and beaches and the metropolitan areas to the north before establishing, fully, management plans
                 relating to the coastal area?

             16. What about the loss of biodiversity associated with Loblolly Pine Plantations; i.e., less of mixed
                 hardwoods and old growth forest? How will this highly potential problem be addressed?

             17. Is the environmental degradation in the north, i.e., Delaware Bay, reversible?

             18. How will the new Farm Bill affect Delmarva agriculture ("Freedom to Farm")?

             19. Are the tree farms monoculture? If so, is there any effort to change this?

             20. Has the amount of eutrophication caused by agriculture and human habitation been quantified?

             21. What needs to be done to stop eutrophication?             If implemented, how long to see an
                 improvement?

             22. What has caused the decrease in spot and mullets in Indian River?

             23. Who is benefitting from the poultry industry on the shore?

             24. How would life change if the poultry industry was not here?



             DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference                                              Page 101








                   25. For the benefit of the eastern shore, agriculture should diversify!

                   26. Is it true that intensive farming (use of pesticides, fertilizers, manure, etc.) is indicated in the
                       nonpoint source of pollution? What role does the poultry industry play? Please discuss the
                       economic and environmental bad buys; how it got that way and what needs to be done.

                   27. Ecotourism is a developing concept globally. Where is Delmarva going with this concept, or
                       have they even considered marketing this concept?

                   28. Is it feasible to promote (or require) trapping of storm runoff from farms and elsewhere into
                       ponds? These could serve as sediment traps, sources of irrigation water, recreational fishing etc.
                       and help lessen bay pollution.

                   29. Do you know of any way to "garner" the numbers of individual farmers who are implementing
                       BMPs on their own but aren't being "captured" in existing reporting systems? This would be a
                       valuable information/education source for the general public to realize farmers, on a whole, are
                       good stewards.

                   30. What is the adverse impact of tree farms on the ecosystems (include use of toxics, pesticides,
                       fertilizers, etc.)?

                   31. Do the fish that we find in the ocean spawn in the coastal bays, and if so, what percentage?

                   32. Offering incentives to recreational fishermen for filling out a simplified survey before a fishing
                       license is issued.


                   33. How can you reconcile your studies showing no fisheries stock change in MD waters over the
                       past 20 years with the undoubted severe decline in the flounder fishery?

                   34. For discussions of water quality, no one has mentioned the trends in sediment loads in the bays
                       or the actual effects of sediments on SAV; etc. What are the trends and effects?

                   35. Rick Kutz stated that species in Chincoteague Bay "haven't changed in 20 years." Does that
                       mean that healthy populations of fish and shellfish exist?

                   36. Dredging of clams during winter months disturbs crab beds and also creates serious silting
                       conditions in the shallow water bays. Please comment on whether it may be desirable to modify
                       the practice of dredging.

                   37. Recently proposed crab regulations are geared to conditions in the Chesapeake Bay and do not
                       adequately address the problems of over-crabbing in the coastal bays. Please comment on the
                       need for additional conservation measures such as establishing sanctuary areas where commercial
                       crabbing would be prohibited and also placing greater restriction on the taking of sooks.

                   38. If dredging brings up toxic chemicals and is considered bad and submerged vegetation is so
                       important, why are hydraulic clam dredges allowed to operate in our beleaguered bays?





                   Page 102                                        DELMARVA's Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference








            39. In the species changes that have occurred in Delaware Coastal Bays, has there been biomass shifts
                as well? In the Maryland Bays has there been number changes; i.e., have numbers and age
                classes shown declines while species composition may be insignificantly changed?

            40. What is ASMFC doing about the decline of the horseshoe crab population and its impact on
                shorebirds and fin fish?


            41. Secretary of Agriculture DE brought this home: in other words, economics controls everything
                including conservation, which is unfortunate for the planet! For me, I am in a quandary since
                my employment is dependent upon agriculture yet it is clear that how things are done are
                controlled first by economics not conservation. We find ourselves educating how to conserve
                based on economics, which is not always the correct way.

            42. Why not require a salt water recreational fishing license (like hunting) that requires "catch"
                information to help assess the resource "taken" and enhance knowledge of scientists? (Should
                be done statewide)

            43. Is recreational water usage and aquaculture compatible in populated areas such as that
                surrounding Ocean City?

            44. Isle of Wright Bay's filling with sand in its interior sections, probably due to the severe
                channeling of its two (east and west) sides and due to the addition of rock pilings by the Route
                50 bridges. What environmental impacts will the continued reshaping of the bay have? Is
                anyone doing anything to combat those manmade changes?

            45. Studies show that industrial tourism coupled with corporate farming practices are a major
                contributor to loss and degradation of critical finfish nursery and spawning habitat in the
                Delmarva Bays. The ASMFC manage both weakfish and winter flounder which occur here and
                are in serious decline. What is the ASMFC doing to address this matter?

            46. Can a resort community like Ocean City be made to stop - by overbuilding, overcrowding, and
                overstressing utilities and water supplies - the destruction of the natural features tourists come
                to enjoy?

            47. Where was the Army Corps of Engineers, the EPA, Assateague Coastal Trust, etc. when the last
                remaining shoreline of West Ocean City (including Captain's Point) were allowed to be
                developed by a few very wealthy people, thus excluding all of the mostly working class people
                of West Ocean City from their beaches that they have used for generations. The only people I
                noticed at the local hearings were worried "summer people" and lawyers for wealthy property
                owners. "Locals" say "oh, the EPA was bought off."

            48. Seems to be an absence of those involved in tourism; perhaps having them as the tourism experts
                would have been wiser than using the government employees. What efforts are being made to
                involve the general public and to educate them in this conference so they could participate with
                some "real time" information?


            49. What is your organization doing, or what can it do to support ecotourism ventures? Is there
                financial or logistical support? Can you advise of grant monies that may be available?



            DELMARVA'S Coastal Bay Watersheds, 1996 Conference                                           Page 103

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