    [From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]

                                                                            33476a

                                       NATIONAL
                             MARINE          POLLUTION

          one                  PROGRAM
          ion
          er

                         Agency Program Summaries
                                  FY 1983 Update

                       Appendix No. 1 to the Federal Plan for
                               Ocean Pollution Research,
                             Development, and Monitoring

                                                             COASTAL ZONE

                                                                          TER
                                                          INFORMATION CEN

                                                                 GC
                                                                 1211
                                                                 .N38 3
                                                                 1984

                            U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
                            National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
                            National Ocean Service
                            National Marine Pollution Program Office

    NOAA/NAUL Marine Pollution Program Office

                                Interagency Committee on Ocean Pollution
                                Research, Development, and Monitoring

                              Federal Coordinating Council for Science,
                                      Engineering, and Technology

               -Department of Agriculture               Department of Transportation
               Department of Commerce                   Environmental Protection Agency
               Department of Defense                    National Aeronautics and Space
               Department of Energy                       Administration
               Department of Health and                 National Science Foundation
                 Human Services                         Nuclear Regulatory Commission
               Department of the Interior

                                            ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

               Acknowledgment is due to the following people for contributing to the
               development of the update to the Agency Program Summaries: Members of the
               Interagency Task Force for agency inputs; Dr. William Conner, Ms. Susan Harvey,
               Mr. Mark Monaco, Mr. W. Lawrence Pugh, Dr. Andrew Robertson, and Mr. Andrew
               Zacherle for data compilation and verification; Ms. Ann H. Ge6rgilas for
               coordinating production; and Mrs. Mary Pino for final document preparation.

               Copies of this report may be obtained from the

                      National Marine Pollution Program Office
                      NOAA, N/MPP
                      Rockwall Bldg., Rm. 610
                      11400 Rockville Pike
                      Rockville, MD 20852
                      Telephone: (301) 443-8823 (FTS: 443-8823)

                                   NATIONAL
                                  MARINE POLLUTION
                                   PROGRAM

                            Agency Program Summaries
                                       FY 1983 Update

                           Appendix No. 1 to the Federal Plan for
                                   Ocean Pollution Research,
                                  Development, and Monitoring

                                               Prepared by
                               National Marine Pollution Program Office

             U S  DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NOAA       ATMO
             COASTAL SERVICES CENTER
             2234 SOUTH HOBSON AVENUE         9
             CHARLESTON   SC 29405-2413

                                                   7"ME of
                                                  PrOPertY Of CSC Library

                                             September 1984
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                               U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
                               National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
                MARINE POLLUTION
                                   PROGRAM

    GC1211 ,N383 1984
    122476944
    MAR 27 1997

                               National Ocean Service
                               National Marine Pollution Program Office

                                                 PREFACE

                    The National Ocean Pollution Planning Act, P.L. 95-273 (as amended),
                calls for the establishment of a comprehensive, coordinated, and effective
                Federal program for ocean pollution research, development, and monitoring.
                The Act directs the Department of Commerce's National Oceanic and Atmospheric
                Administration (NOAA), in consultation with other agencies, to prepare a
                five-year Plan for Ocean Pollution Research, Development, and Monitoring
                every three years. The Plan is to include an inventory of existing Federal
                programs, an analysis of the extent to which existing programs assist in
                meeting National needs and problems, recommendations for changes in the
                overall Federal effort where necessary, and a report on budget coordination
                efforts.

                    To carry out the purposes of the Act, an interagency committee was
                chartered within the Office of the President's Science Advisor. The
                Interagency Committee on Ocean Pollution Research, Development, and
                Monitoring (COPRDM) is chaired by NOAA's Deputy Administrator and is
                comprised of senior representatives from eleven departments and independent
                agencies. COPRDM's mission is to conduct evaluations of Federal efforts
                and to identify and implement cooperative research programs. The committee
                also seeks to avoid unnecessary duplication among Federal agencies and
                seeks better planning and more effective use of available funds, personnel,
                vessels, facilities, and equipment.

                    NOAA established the National Marine Pollution Program Office (NMPPO) to
                provide a focal point for coordinating Federal efforts on a day-to-day basis.
                This office is responsible for updating the five-year Plan and coordinating
                implementation of the recommendations of the Plan. An interagency task force
                provides agency representation to NMPPO in Plan preparation and implementation.
                The Plan was first published in 1979 and was revised in.1981.

                    The.Agency Prog ram Summaries is one of a series of documents published
                by NMPPO to meet the mandates of the National Ocean Pollution Planning Act.
                The Act calls for a detailed listing of all existing Federal programs related
                to ocean pollution research, development, and monitoring. Two reports
                are published on an annual basis to meet this requirement. One of these
                contains summaries of the major programs conducted by the Federal agencies,
                the second is a catalog of the specific projects that comprise these
                pr6grams. The following report is the FY 1983 update of the former.

                                                           Andrew Robertson
                                                           Director,
                                                           National Marine Pollution
                                                                 Program Office

           SUMMARY AND CONTENTS

                                          NATIONAL MARINE POLLUTION PROGRAM
                                        AGENCY PROGRAM SUMMARIES: 1983 UPDATE

                                                    TABLE OF CONTENTS

                                                                                                   Page

                   SUMMARY AND CONTENTS
                        Introduction and Overview    ...............    .......      ......        I

                   DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE     ............  ..................   .....       I-101

                   DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
                        National Bureau of Standards      .............             ........      II-101
                        National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration         .....             11-201

                   DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
                        Army Corps of Engineers     ........       . ....................       III-101
                        Department of the Navy     .........                                    111-201

                   DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY      .....   ......                                    IV-101

                   DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
                        Food and Drug Administration.... ..      ...... ......   .......       V-101
                        National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences..         ...          V-201

                   DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
                        Minerals Management Service... .......                                    VI-101
                        United States Fish and Wildlife Service..                        ...      VI-201
                        United States Geological Survey... .... .....                      VI-301

                   DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
                        United States Coast Guard      ....                                    VII-101

                   ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY      .........              ...... ..    VIII-101

                   NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION        ...........   .....      IX-101

                   NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION     ...........  .. .......  ............        X-101

                   NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION      .................................           XI-101

                   APPENDIX
                        National Marine Pollution Program Funding
                           Emphasis by Cause    ....... .. ......  .......                  XII-101
                        National Marine Pollution Program Funding
                           Emphasis by Pollutant... ....                                        XII-201

                                       NATIONAL MARINE POLLUTION PROGRAM
                                    Agency Program Summaries: FY 1983 Update

                                                 INTRODUCTION

                      In May of 1978, Congress enacted Public Law 95-273, the National
                 Ocean Pollution Planning Act, which designated the National Oceanic and
                 Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) as the lead Federal agency responsible.
                 for preparing a comprehensive 5-year plan for the overall Federal effort
                 in ocean pollution research, development, and monitoring. The Act calls
                 for this plan to include a detailed listing of all existing Federal
                 programs related to ocean pollution research, development, and monitoring.
                 The following report represents the FY 1983 update of this listing.

                      The Agency Program Summaries: FY 1983 Update presents an overview of
                 the activities of each of the eleven Fe-deral departments and agencies that
                 are currently engaged in marine pollution programs. The update reviews
                 the marine pollution programs undertaken by each of these departments and
                 agencies by describing program goals, objectives, recent accomplishments,
                 future milestones, funding for fiscal years 1982 through 1985, and legis-
                 lative mandates. In addition, this update includes a discussion of
                 Federal personnel, facilities, vessels and other equipment currently
                 assigned to ocean pollution programs. A more detailed description of
                 the specific projects within each program can be found in a companion
                 document) the National Marine Pollution Program, Catalog of Federal
                 Projects: FY 1983 Update.

                      Some of the funding figures presented in this update differ from those
                 listed in previous versions of the Agency Program Summaries, even though
                 both describe the same programs and years of'funding. The budget figures
                 have been adjusted in this update to reflect later budget changes and a
                 reevaluation by some agencies of the programs that should be considered
                 as marine pollution related. The budget figures in this document are
                 estimates of actual expenditures during FY 1982-1984; the FY 1985 program
                 budgets are based on the Presidential budget for this fiscal year.

                          OVERVIEW OF FUNDING LEVELS FOR FY 1982 THROUGH FY 1985

                      Estimated National Marine Pollution Program fundinglevels for
                 FY 1982 through FY 1985 are presented in Table 1 for the eleven agencies
                 and departments that are part of the program. During this time, four
                 agencies and departments contributed over 75% of the total program
                 budget: NOAA of the Department of Commerce (DOC), the Minerals
                 Management Service (MMS) of the Department of the Interior (DOI), the
                 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Department of Energy
                 (DOE). Funding trends for the total program and the four individual
                 agencies and departments that have the largest input into the program are
                 represented in Figure 1.

                                                      1

                  TABLE 1. NATIONAL MARINE POLLUTION PROGRAM RJNDING LEVELS: FY 1982 - 1985 (FUNDING IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS)

                                                                                                                                    FY 1985
                                                                                     FY 1982        FY 1983         FY 1984      Presidential
                 Agency                                                             Estimates      Estimates      Estimates         Budget

                 Department of Agriculture      ..............................             196            196            196              196

                 Department of Commerce
                      National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration         ....    37,418         33,645          33,154          21,124

                 Department of Defense
                      Amy Corps of Engineers     ............................          9,486           9,875          9,829           8,899
                      U.S. Navy   ..........................................           1,039           1,125          1,820           2,100

                 Department of Energy    ...........  *...... *..............         20,268         19,052          17,635          21,835

                 Department of Health and Human Services
                      National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences              1,043              909         1)097           1,228
                      Food and Drug Administration      .......................        2,100           2,200          2,300           2,450

                 Department of the Interior
                      Minerals Management Service     ........................        30,635         33,549          27,888          27,888
                      U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service     ....                          2,902           2,362          2,279           2,254
                      U.S. Geological                                                 10,552           5,130          5,555           5,372

                 Department of Transportation
                      U.S. Coast Guard    ...................................          3,460           2,945          1,208               965

                 Environmental Protection Agency       ........................       22,120         17,587          17,774          16,726

                 National Aeronautics and Space Administration         ..........      1,900           2,050          2,200           2,200

                 National Science Foundation     ............................          2,496           1,566          1$100              400

                 Nuclear Regulatory Commission      ..........................             285             20              0                0

                 TOTAL                                                                145,900        132,211        124,035          113,637

                                                 FIGURE 1. TOTAL FUNDING ($ IN MILLIONS) FOR THE NATIONAL
                                               MARINE POLLUTION PROGRAM AND FUNDING FOR THE INDIVIDUAL
                                         AGENCIES WITH THE LARGEST INPUT INTO THE PROGRAM; FY 1982-FY 1985

                                                                            Total Funding

                                                                            150

                                                                            140
                       Environmental Protection Agency
                                                                            130                                               Department of Energy
                       30
                                                                                                                              30
                                                                            120
                       20
                                                                                                                              20
                                                                            110
                       10
                                                                                                                              10
                                                                            i0o
                       0
                                                                                                                              0
                           FY      FY      FY      FY                       90
                                                                                                       ...                       FY      FY      FY      FY
                          1982    1983    1984    1985
                                                                                                                                1982    1983    1984    1985
                                                                            80

                                                                            70
                       Department of the Interior
                                                                            60
                       50                                                                                                     Department of commerce
                                                                            50
                       40                                                                                                     40

                                                                            40
                                                                              %
                       30                                                                                                     30

                                                                                       ...                                    20
                                                                            30
                       20

                                                                            20
                                                                                                                              10         ...     ...
                       10                  ...

                                   ....    ...                                                                                   Xe
                                                                                                                              0
                                                   :-e                      10

                                                                                                                                FY      FY      FY      FY
                          FY      FY      FY      FY
                                                                                                                               1982    1983    1984    1985
                                                                                                                              10

                                                                                                                              0

                         1982    1983    1984    1985,                        FY      FY     -FY     F Y"
                                                                              1982   1983    1984    1985

                                                                                  FY 1983 UPDATE

                   FY 1982 - 1984

                        A $21 million (15%) decrease in funding for the total program
                   occurred between FY 1982 and FY 1984. During that time, seven of the
                   eleven agencies experienced a reduction in pollution research funding
                   (Table 2), three received increased funding (Table 3) and one (the
                   Department of Agriculture) was level funded. DOI, EPA and NOAA together
                   accounted for over 70% of the total funding reduction experienced by the
                   Federal agencies participating in the National Marine Pollution Program.

                        The trend in all DOI program areas from FY 1982 to 1984 was downward,
                   accounting for 35% (about $8 million) of the total decrease in marine
                   pollution funding. The largest portion of the DOI decrease resulted
                   from 40% and 50% cutbacks to USGS's Water Resources and Geologic
                   Division programs respectively, plus the termination of the Earth
                   Sciences Application Program at the end of FY 1982. Part of these
                   reductions are the result of an FY 1982 reevaluation, by USGS, of
                   which of their programs in reality support the Federal Marine Pollution
                   Program. About 85% of the reduction in EPA's budget between FY 1982 and
                   FY 1984 was the result of the termination of the Chesapeake Bay Research
                   Program at the end of FY 1983, plus the loss of about $1.7 million from
                   their Water Quality Research budget. A large portion of the reduction
                   in NOAA funding was the result of a cutback, by NOAA, in ship support
                   for marine pollution programs, in funds available for coastal states
                   through the Coastal Zone Management Program and in the Engineering
                   and Technology Development Program.

                   FY 1985 Proposed Budget

                        The Presidential budget for FY 1985 proposes an additional
                   $10 million reduction in marine pollution research funding or a 7%
                   decrease from FY 1984 levels. The majority of this decrease is the
                   result of a proposed $12 million reduction to the FY 1985 NOAA budget.
                   This reduction represents the proposed termination of NOAA's regional
                   and ocean dumping research ($5.8 million), Coastal Zone Management
                   Program ($1 million), National Sea Grant Program ($1.8 million) and
                   the Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory's pollution program
                   ($2.5 million). Offsetting these proposed FY 1985 decreases somewhat,
                   is a proposed $4 million increase in DOE's Subseabed Disposal Program to
                   further investigate the technical and environmental feasibility of
                   radioactive waste disposal in the deep ocean floor.

                        Reductions and/or increases in the.Federal marine pollution programs,
                   as proposed in the President's FY 1985 budget, can be seen in Table I
                   and individual program budgets for all agencies and departments are
                   included in the main text of this document.

                                   OVERVIEW OF FUNDING EMPHASIS FOR FY 1983

                        An analysis of the EY 1983 Federal Marine Pollution Program is
                   presented here from three different perspectives:

                       ,0 Funding allocated to major areas of concern

                                                       4

                  TABLE 2. AGENCIES WITH DECREASED MARINE POLLUTION FUNDING BETWEEN
                             FY 1982    FY 1984 (FUNDING IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS).

                                                 Amount of
                                             Funding Decrease                 % of FY 1982
                         Agency             (FY 1982 - FY 104)                Agency Funding

                         DOC
                           NOAA                     4,264                           11

                         DOE                        2,633                           13

                         DOI
                           MMS                      2,747                             9
                           FWS                        623                           22
                           USGS                     4,997                           47

                         DOT
                           USCG                     2,252                           65

                         EPA                        4,346                           20

                         NSF                        1,396                           56

                         NRC                           285                         100

                         TOTAL                     23,543

                   TABLE 3. AGENCIES WITH INCREASED MARINE POLLUTION FUNDING BETWEEN
                             FY 1982    FY 1984 (FUNDING IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS).

                                                 Amount of
                                             Increased Funding               % of FY 1982
                         Agency             (FY 1982 - FY 1984)              Agency Funding

                         DOD
                           COE                       343                            4
                           U.S. Navy                 781                           75

                         DHHS                        254                            8

                         NASA                        300                           16

                         TOTAL                    1 31678                          --

                                                        5

                                                                                     FY 1983 UPDATE

                              0   Funding allocated to specific pollutants or polldtant
                                  categories.
                              0   Federal personnel, facilities, vessels and other equipment
                                  assigned specifically to marine pollution programs.

                         Each of  these three categories will be discussed separately.

                    Funding Allocated to Areas of-Concern

                         All funding for the National Marine Pollution Program has been
                    placed under the following ten broad categories or activities for
                   .analysis.*

                         Marine Waste Disposal             Coastal Activities
                         Marine Mining                     Generic Pollution Studies
                         Marine Energy Development         Monitoring
                         Marine Transportation             Basic Studies
                         Accidental Discharges             General Program Support

                         Figure 2 represents the total distribution of Federal funds spent
                    on marine pollution activities and the relative amount of agency
                    support given to each of these ten categories or activities during
                    FY 1983. Figure 3 gives a further breakout of funding support within
                    each of these ten categories.

                         Five agencies funded marine waste disposal research activities in
                    FY 1983: NOAA, DOE, COE, EPA and FWS. Of these, NOAA contributed the
                    largest percentage (36%), primarily for studies of sewage, industrial
                    waste and dredged material disposal. DOE research focused principally
                    on the study of brine and radioactive waste disposal, while COE studies
                    were mostly aimed at the study of the implications of the disposal of
                    dredged material. The emphasis of EPA research was on the effects of
                    municipal and radioactive waste disposal.

                         Marine mining research received over $36 million in FY 1983, the
                    larges't amount spent on any of the ten categories. MMS contributed over
                    90% of these funds for research on the effects of outer continental
                    shelf (OCS) oil and gas development. The smaller amounts spent by NOAA,
                    EPA, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), and the U.S. Geological
                    Survey (USGS) were for research into the effects of oil and gas development;
                    sand, gravel, and shell mining; and deep seabed mining.

                         Funding by NOAA and DOE in marine energy development was entirely
                    for ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) research. The U.S. Navy and
                    NOAA funded all of the research on the environmental effects of marine
                    transportation. The majority of these funds were spent on shipboard
                    pollution source control and treatment technology. Only NOAA and the
                    Coast Guard contributed to research related to the accidental discharge
                    of oil and hazardous materials into marine waters. These studies include
                    spill transport, fate, effects, prevention, containment and cleanup.

                    * EPA Great Lakes National Program funds are not included in this
                    analysis. See EPA text for program description.
                                                         6

                                       FIGURE 2. TOTAL DISTRIBUTION OF FY 1983 FEDERAL FUNDS SPENT
                              ON MARINE POLLUTION ACTIVITIES, AND AGENCY SUPPORT FOR EACH MARINE
                                                                    POLLUTION RESEARCH ACTIVITY

                                                           Basic Studies                  General Program
                                                            $5.2M (4%)                         Support
                                                                                            $1 1.8M (9%)           Marine
                                                                  Monitoring                                       Waste
                                                                                                                  Disposal
                                                                  $5.8M                                       $36.1 M (28%)
                                                                    (5%)

                                                                  Generic
                                                                  Pollution
                                                                  Studies
                                                                  $19.1 M
                                                                  (15%)
                                                         Coastal  Activitie
                                                            $7.2M (6%)
                                                                  Accident I                                  Marine
                                                                  Discharg s                                  Mining
                                                                  $4.5M (3%)             Marine Energy       $36.7M
                                                                                          Development         (28%)
                                                                              Marine       $1 .1m (1%)
                                                                  Transportation
                                                                   $1.5M (11%)

                                                                              Total Distribution of Federal Funding

                                                                                                        EPA $0.2M (< 1 %)            USGS $1.OM (3%)
                                           DOE                                                      FWS $0.3M (11%)                          NOAA $1.6M (4%)
                                          $4.OM
                                          (27%)                               NOAA
                                                                              $12.9M
                                                                              (36%)
                                      FWS
                                     $0.7M                                                                                   MMS
                                      (1 %)                                                                                 $33.6M
                                           EPA                                                                               (92%)
                                          $5.6M                               COE
                                          (15%)                               $7.3M
                                                                              (20%)

                                                Marine Waste Disposal                                                   Marine Mining

                                                                                                                                                NOAA
                                                                              NOAA                                                              $0.4M
                                                                              $0.3M                                                             (24%)
                                                                              (281/6)
                                                     DOE                                                                Navy
                                                    $0.8M                                                              $1.1 M
                                                    (72%)                                                              (76%)
                                                                              s

                                                                              a
                                                                              e

                                              IeA
                                               M

                                             Marine Energy Development                                              Marine Transportation

                                                                                          7

                                                                                FIGURE 2 (Cont.)

                                                                                                   USDA $0,2M (3-/.)         NSF <$0.1M (<I%)

                                                                                                 FWS $0@81V[ f I I %I         NRC <$0. 1 M (< i
                                                                            NOAA
                                                                            $1,5M
                                                     USCG                   (34%)                    COE                   NOAA
                                                     SIOM                                           $2.2M                  $34M
                                                     (660/6)

                                                 Accidental Discharges                                          Coastal Activities

                                          NOAA $0.5M (3%)
                                 NSF si. I M (6%)                  COE $o.1m (<l%)
                                                                                                                                     NOAA
                                                                                                                                     $13M
                                                                                                                USGS                 (23%)
                                                                EPA                                             $2.OM
                                                     DOE       $7.5m                                            (34%)
                                                   $8.7M       (39%)
                                                   (45%)                                                                HHS
                                                                                                     FWS               $22M
                                                                                                    $0@31V!            (38%)
                                                                   HHS $0,9M                         (5%)
                                               FWS $0.3m                (5%)
                                                   (2%)
                                                Generic Pollution Studies                                         Monitoring

                                    NSF $0,4M (8%)

                                                                        NOAA               NASA $1 @qlvl (16%)
                                 NASA $0.2M                             $1 @Zlvl
                                     (4%)                               (22%)

                                                                           COE
                                                   USGS                   S0,41V
                                                   $2.1M                   (7%)                                    NOAA
                                                   (41%)                                                           $10.0m
                                                                        EPA                                         (64%)
                                                                        $1.13M
                                                  (iD                                                      @N
                                                 *COE

                                                     Basic Studies                                        General Program Support

                           FIGURE 3. DISTRIBUTION OF FY 1983 FEDERAL FUNDS SPENT ON EACH
                                                   SPECIFIC CAUSE OF MARINE POLLUTION

                                  Brine                                                      Sand, Gravel, &             Deep Seabed
                                  $4.OM                                                            Shell                     $1.1 M
                                                                                                  $0.1 M                     (3%)
                                                                                                  (<1%)
                        Radioactive                                  Dredged
                           Waste                                     Material
                           $6.1 M                                    $13.7M
                           (17%)                                      (38%)
                                                                                                              Oil and Gas
                                                                                                                $35.5M
                                                                                                                 (97%)
                             Sewage
                               $6.9M                         Industrial
                               (19%)                           Waste
                                                          $5.3M (15%)

                                      Marine Waste Disposal                                                  Marine Mining

                           Other                                                                    Other
                           Habitat                                                                  $1.4M
                        Alterations                                                                  (7%)                            Pollutant
                           $1.OM
                           (14%)                                                                                                      Eff ects
                                                                                                                                      $7.1 M
                                                    Nonpoint                                                                          (37%)
                        Coastal                       Source
                        Facility                     Pollution                          Pollutant
                        Siting &                       $3.4M                           Transport
                       Operation                       (47%)                                &
                        $2.8M                                                        Transformation
                        (39%)                                                            $10.6M
                                                                                         (56%)

                                         Coastal Activities                                            Generic Pollution Studies
                                   @ge                       Industr

                                                            FIGURE 3 (Cont.)

                                                      Other                         Other
                                                      <01M                          $0.4M
                                                      (<1%)                         (7%)

                                                                            Ecosystem
                                 Pollutant                                  Processes
                                  Inputs                                  & Modeling
                                  $2.5M                                      $1.6M
                                  (44%)                    Environmental     (30%)                                 Environmental
                                                         Status & Trends                                          Characterization
                                                           $3.3M (56%)                                                $3.2M
                                                                                                                      (63%)

                                      Monitoring                                             Basic Studies

                                                         Information
                              Other                     Management,
                              $0.7M                     Synthesis, &
                              (6%)                     Dissemination
                                                           $2.6M
                                                           (22%)
                                                                                    Marine Energy Development - $11.11M
                                 Logistics                 Measurement              Marine Transportation - $1.5M
                                   $6.4M                   Methodologies            Accidental Discharges - $4.5M
                                   (54%)                   $1.5M (113%)

                                                         Program Management
                                                            & Coordination
                                                                $0.6M
                                                                 (5%)

                                General Program Support

                                                                 10

                                                                                FY- 1983 UPDATE

                    NOAA and COE contributed over 85% of the total funds spent for
               studies on the effects of coastal activities. This money was used to
               focus on the effects of nonpoint source pollution caused by coastal
               land uses, and to a lesser extent, on facility siting and other habitat
               alterations.

                    Generic studies received about $19 million in FY 1983. Generic
               studies are not related to a specific polluting activity, but rather
               contribute to our understanding of ocean pollution effects regardless
               of the source. Research under this category includes environmental
               characterization, environmental processes, effects of pollutants, pollutant
               transport and transformation, and modeling. Seven of the eleven agencies
               involved in the National Marine Pollution Program funded some type of
               generic research in FY 1983. Almost 85% of these funds were-spent
               by DOE and EPA on the transport, fate and effects of various pollutants
               in different environments and under differing conditions.

                    Marine pollution monitoring activities in FY 1983 were principally.
               conducted by FDA, USGS and NOAA. FDA's monitoring activities, which
               accounted for nearly 40% of the total monitoring budget, supported its
               Shellfish Sanitation Program. U,SGS funds, almost 35% of the monitoring
               total, principally went to support the operation of downstream guages
               on major U.S. rivers to measure various water quantity and quality
               parameters. Most of NOAA's money in this category was used to support,.
               the Northeast Monitoring Program (NEMP) and the habitat investigations
               efforts of the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS).

                    The basic studies category includes research and.monitoring that
               characterizes the biological, physical, geological and chemical com-
               ponents of a region, which are necessary to assess the impacts of ocean
               use activities. Over 60% of these funds were expended by USGS and
               NO&A, particularly for environmental characterization studies. Four
               other agencies, EPA, NASA, NSF and COE also contributed funds toward
               environmental characterization, ecosystem processes and modeling research.

                    The FY 1983 budget for general program suppport includes fun    ding
               for support services that are available across the program but not linked
               directly to a specific cause of pollution. This includes: information
               management, synthesis and dissemination; quality assurance projects;
               development of measurement methodologies; and other types of program
               support such as ship operations. Only two agencies, NOAA and NASA
               reported funding under this program category. About 85% of these funds
               were expended by NOAA, the majority of these went for ship time costs in
               support of marine pollution related research. NASA's funds were devoted
               to developement of new and improved remote sensing techniques for marine
               pollution research and monitoring.

                    Appendix I presents a detailed matrix of the allocation of Federal
               marine pollution expenditures for FY 1983 based on the ten pollution
               activity categories for each department or agency.

                                                                                   FY 1983 UPDATE

                     Funding Allocated to Specific Pollutants or Pollutant Categories

                          For the analysis-of marine pollution funding by pollutant, agency
                     expenditures were divided into the following pollutant categories:

                          Petroleum and Petroleum Products      Nutrients and other Biostimulants
                          Synthetic Organic Chemicals           Microorganisms and Pathogens
                          Metals and Inorganic Chemicals        Halogenation Products
                          Habitat Modification and              Miscellaneous
                            Sediment Deposition                 Not Pollutant-Specific
                          Artificial Radionuclides

                          Figure 4 presents the total distribution of Federal funds expended
                     for.each of the pollutant categories as well as the relative amounts
                     of agency support in each of these same categories. Apppendix II,
                     located at the rear of this report, presents a detailed matrix of
                     the FY 1983 expenditures of Federal funds attributed to the study of
                     each of these ten categories.

                          Over 50% of all FY 1983 expenditures fell into the Not Pollutant-
                     Specific category. This category includes funding for generic marine
                     pollution research and monitoring as well as funding for supporting
                     services that are not linked to a specific pollutant. Within this
                     category over 60% of the funds come from NOAA and MMS to support ship
                     time, environmental characterization and processes related research.
                     Specifically, these funds are identified in MMS's OCS oil and gas studies
                     and NOAA's ocean dumping, coastal and estuarine monitoring and oil spill
                     programs, among others.

                          The petroleum and petroleum products category accounted for the
                     largest percentage (9%) of funds spent for a particular pollutant.
                     The majority of these funds were contributed by MMS in support of their
                     OCS oil and gas program. The Coast Guard also has a significant
                     program designed to provide information on prevention, mitigation,
                     modeling and clean up of oil and other hazardous materials after
                     accidental spills. NOAA supports a considerable research program
                     in this category to investigate many of the implications of petroleum
                     inputs, fates and effects in the marine environment.

                          Over 75% of the National Marine Pollution Program synthetic organics
                     research is housed in two agencies, EPA and NOAA. Much of this funding
                     supports EPA's water quality monitoring programs (e.g. Great Lakes
                     Research and Monitoring Program) and NOAA's newly established Status
                     and Trends Assessment Program. Research and monitoring studies on the
                     inputs, transport, fate and effects of metals and inorganic chemicals
                     was conducted by seven of the eleven agencies which sponsor marine pollution
                     studies. Over 70% of these funds went to support NOAA, DOE and EPA's
                     programs related to ocean waste disposal, water quality monitoring and
                     effects of inorganic chemicals on living marine resources.

                          Almost 70% of the Federal program in the habitat modification
                     category was contributed by COE to sponsor research related to the

                                                         12

                              FIGURE 4. TOTAL DISTRIBUTION OF FY 1983 FEDERAL FUNDS SPENT ON SPECIFIC
                                      POLLUTANTS, AND AGENCY SUPPORT FOR EACH POLLUTANT CATEGORY

                                                                                           Nutrients & Other
                                                                                              BioStimulants
                                                                                               $3.OM (2%)
                                                                                       Metals & Iorganic   Petroleum & Petroleum
                                                                                       Chemicals                    Products
                                                                                       $9.4M (7%)                 $12.1M (9%@
                                                                 Miscellaneous
                                                                 $9.6M (7%)                                               Synthetic
                                                        Habitat Modification                                               Organic
                                                        & Sediment Deposition                                             Chemicals
                                                            $7.4M (6%)                                                   $9.6M (7%)
                                                           Artificial                                  Not
                                                        Radionuclides                               Pollutant
                                                        $7.3M (6%)                                  Specific
                                                           Microorganisms                        $68.6M (53%)
                                                        & Other Pathogens
                                                             $1.8m (1%)
                                                                     Halogenation Products
                                                                                       <$0.1M (<1%)

                                                                                       Total Distribution of Federal Funding

                                                                                                                             HHS
                                                        NSF                            COE                                  $0.4M             DOE
                                                        $0.2M    F $0.1 M (1 %)                                              (4%)             $0.2M
                                                                                       NOAA                           FWS                     (2%)
                                                                                       $2-4M                          $1.OM
                                                        USCG                           (20%)                          (10%)
                                                        $2.7M                                                       NSF                       NOAA
                                        USGS            (22%)                          DOE                        $0.1 M                      $3.4M
                                        $0.5M                                          $0.1 M                     (<1%)           EPA         (36%)
                                        (4%)                     MMS                   (<1%)                                     $3.8M
                                      FWS                        $5.5M                                                           (40%)
                                      $0.3M                      (46%)
                                                EPA                                                                                                    $0.4M
                                      (3%)                                                                                                              COE
                                                $0.3M (2%)                                                                               Navy           (4%)
                                                                                                                                    $0.3M (3    0) ,
                                                Petroleum & Petroleum Products                                            Synthetic Organic Chemicals

                                                                    USCG                                              $0.@ EPA                USDA
                                                        NSF         <$0.1M                                                 IM (4%)            <$0.1 M
                                                        $0.7M       (<1%)                                                FWS                  (1 %)
                                                EPA     (70/6)                                                          $0.3M                            NOAA
                                                $1.5M                                                                    (4%)                            $1.5M
                                                (15%)                                                                                                    (21%)
                                                                    NOAA
                                        USGS                        $3@:7@M                                                                                    DOE
                                        $0.3M                       $                                                                                        <$0.1 M
                                        (4%)                        (39%)                                                             COE                      (I %)
                                      FWS                                                                                            $5.1 M
                                      $0.61VI                                          COE                                            (69%)
                                      (6%)                                             < $0.1 M
                                                DOE                                    (<1%)
                                                $1.13M
                                                           M                           Navy
                                                        $0.3M (4%)                     $0.5M (5%)
                                                *
                                                A
                                                        0
                                                        7
                                                        M
                                                                                       'O'v'
                                                                                       n

                                                                                       ane
                                                                                       0
                                                                                       C
                                                                                       9

                                                                                       u
                                                                                                            Petroleum
                                                                                       hem'c 's                     Pro'
                                                                                                                  $1
                                                                                       4M 7 *16)
                                                                                                                    2 11
                                                                                       s
                                                                                       (7*

                                                                                       ation
                                                                                       os,t,on

                                                                                       ,.s
                                                                                       ogens

                                                        I'/o *IN
                                                                                       0'
                                                                                       $2@,,
                                                                                       (2

                                                .S
                                                M

                                                .5
                                                M

                                                S
                                                M

                                                DOE
                                                1.8
                                                           MMS                         N

                                                Metals'& Inorganic Chemicals                                      Habitat Modification & Sediment Deposition

                                                                                           13

                                                                                               Figure 4 (Cont.)

                                                                                                                              EPA
                                                                              NOAA                                  <so. 1M (1%)                      NSF
                                                                            <$0.11 M                                   FWS                       $0.2M (5%) USDA
                                                                                                                  $0.2M (6%)                                          <$0.1 M
                                                                                                                  Mms                                                 (2%)
                                                                                                                 $0.3M

                                                                                                                              DOE                   NOAA
                                                                    DOE                                                <$0.1 M                      $2.2M
                                                                   $7.3M                                                      (2%)                  (75%)
                                                                   (99%)

                                                         Artificial Radionuclides                                             Nutrients and Other Biostimulants

                                                                                         EPA
                                                                                    <so. 1 M (1.%)            NSF
                                                                                                            < $0.1 M
                                                                                        MMS                   (3%)
                                                                                      < $0.1 M
                                                                                       (<1%)

                                                                                                 FDA
                                                                                                $0.6M           NOAA
                                                                                                (33%)          $1.1 M
                                                                                                                (60%)

                                                                                    DOE
                                                                                  <$0.1 M
                                                                                    (1 %)           COE
                                                                                               <$0-1 M (2%)

                                                                                         Microorganisms and Pathogens

                                                            NSF                                                               NSF                     USCG
                                                           $0.1 M -           NOAA                                            $0.3m (<1%)         $0.2m (<1%)
                                                            (1 %)             $0.6M                                                                                   FWS
                                                    EPA                        (7%)                                           USGS                                    $0.1 M
                                                   $1.5M                                                               $4.3M (6%)                                     (<1%)
                                                   (15%)
                                                                                                                                                    NOAA              HHS
                                                                                                                                                   $18.6M             $0.5M
                                            IVIMS                          DOE                                                        Mms           (27%)             (1%)
                                           $2.4M                          $4.8M                                                      $25.OM  -                                COE
                                            (24%)                         (50%)                                                       (37%)                                  $4.2M
                                                                                                                                                                      Navy    (6%)
                                                     Navy                                                                     FDA                                     $0.1 M
                                                 $0.2M (3%)                                                                   $1.6M   0)                              (<I%)
                                                                                                                                 (20
                                                                                                                                 NASA                   PA            DOE
                                                                                                                              $2.1 M (3%)       $6,8M (10%)           $4.8M (7%)
                                                                                                                                   0)10
                                                                                                                                                  @'u 4w'      -'0'
                                                                                                                                                                      0     @1
                                                                                                                                                                            S
                                                                                                                                                                            M
                                                                                                                                                                            0
                                                                                                                                                                            0'
                                                                                                                              S
                                                                                                                              'v
                                                                                                                              (6'
                                                                                                                              0
                                                                                                                                 "0'                  N5'-
                                                                                                                                                  $0,2M   (50/6)
                                                                                                                              0)

                                                                                                                              DOE
                                                                                                                              $
                                                                                                                              0. 1@
                                                                                                                              M
                                                                                                                              0
                                                                                                                              20)

                                                                                                                                                                      (H :H
                                                                                                                                                                            S
                                                                                                                                                                      $0.   5M
                                                                                                                                                                            0)

                                                                                                                                                                      Navy
                                                                                                                                                                      $01   M
                                                                                                                                   12016)                                   0)
                                                                                                                                  4 S                                 DOE
                                                                                                                                                      EPA             "m    I

                                                              Miscellaneous                                                         Non Pollutant Specific

                                                                                                14

                                                                               FY 1983 UPDATE

                 disposal and beneficial uses of dredged materials as well as to evaluate
                 and/or control the impacts of other Corps activities occurring in the
                 coastal environment.

                      Virtually all of the Federal research done on artificial
                 radionuclides is supported by DOE to study the implications of radio-
                 nuclide entry into the marine environment from natural fallout, nuclear
                 power plants, subseabed disposal, etc. About 75% of the research incor-
                 porated into the nutrients and other biostimulants category is supported
                 by NOAA and is aimed at understanding the implications of point and non-
                 point source nutrient inputs into marine and Great Lakes environments.

                      Over 90% of the total Federal funds devoted to microorganisms
                 and pathogens research was sponsored by NOAA's National Fishery
                 Ecology Program and National Sea Grant Program, among others, plus
                 FDA's Shellfish Sanitation Program. The study of halogenation products
                 receives the least amount of Federal funds of the ten categories
                 discussed in this report. A total of less than $70 thousand is being
                 spent by NOAA, COE and NRC to understand the inpact on the marine
                 environment of using chlorine in drinking water, as a biocide in power
                 plants, etc.

                      DOE and MMS together account for about 75% of the funds spent in
                 the miscellaneous category. This category includes funds spent for
                 various specific pollutants that do not fall within the other cate-
                 gories. Generally, the funding for these pollutants is relatively
                 small and supported by one agency under a specific legislative mandate.
                 Included in this category are*funds spent investigating noise pollution
                 caused by OCS oil and gas activities; the use of dispersants on oil
                 spills; the implications of the disposal of drilling muds and cuttings;
                 and of the disposal of large amounts of brine into the marine environ-
                 ment. DOE's emphasis addresses their Strategic Petroleum Reserve
                 Program responsibilities related to brine disposal. The MMS program is
                 focused on the drilling muds and cuttings problems on the Alaska OCS.

                 Federal Personnel, Facilities, Vessels and Equiptment

                      A total of 528 full-time equivalents (FTE's) was reported
                 by the eleven agencies as being substantially devoted to portions
                 of the Federal Marine Pollution Program (Figure 5). Almost 75% of these
                 FTE's were reported as scientific professional, with the remainder being
                 administrative support. The majority of these positions were reported
                 by the two agencies, NOAA (37%) and EPA (25%), with the most extensive
                 system of field laboratories. Additional information on these personnel
                 can be found in the "Federal Personnel and Facilities" sections of each
                 agency's text.

                      In FY 1983 23 Federal laboratories were listed as being
                 substantially involved in marine pollution research and monitoring

                                                     15

                                                         TABLE 4
                                      INVENTORY OF FEDERAL PERSONNEL, FACILITIES
                                         AND RESEARCH VESSELS ASSOCIATED WITH
                                      FY 1983 FEDERAL MARINE POLLUTION PROGRAMS

                    Agency               Personnel (FTE)*              Laboratories            Vessels
                                  Professional Administrative                                1I III IV       V

                    DOC
                      NOAA              182              45                   10       3     1     4

                    DOD
                      COE               30               20                   6
                      Navy               4                                    1

                    DOE                  3               0.5

                    DHHS
                      FDA               20               11                   2

                    DOI
                      MMS               38                 7
                      USGS              35                                                                   1

                    EPA                 82               50                   4                    1     1

                    TOTALS             394              133.5                 23       3     1     5     1    1

                      Full  Time Equivalents

                       Class  I     over 275' LOA
                       Class  11    201'  to 274' LOA
                       Class  111   163'  to 200' LOA
                       Class  IV    100'  to 162' LOA
                       Class  V     less  than 1001 LOA

                                                              16

                                                                              FY 1983 UPDATE

               activities. Ten of these laboratories are NOAA's, seven of which belong
               to the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) and the other three to
               the Environmental Research Laboratories (ERL). The NMFS laboratories
               that support marine pollution studies are-administratively under the
               Northeast Fisheries Center and the Northwest and Alaska Fisheries
               Center, and are primarily concerned with marine pollution problems as
               they relate to living marine resources.  NOAA1.s ERL laboratories in
               Miami, FL, Seattle, WA and Ann Arbor, MI are involved with a broad
               spectrum of.the pollution problems found in the Nation's coastal and
               adjacent open ocean areas. COE sponsors  marine pollution studies at the
               Waterways Experiment Station, Vickq@urg, MS as-well as at their five
               division laboratories located in Massachusetts, Oregon, Georgia,
               California and Texas. EPA carries out its marine pollution studies
               at their laboratories in Narragansett, RI, Newport, OR, Gulf Breeze, FL
               and Grosse Isle, MI FDA maintains a shellfish sanitation laboratory
               at Dayisville, RI and a fisheries research laboratory on Dauphin Island, AL.
               The Navy carries out some its marine pollution studies at the David Taylor
               Naval Ship R&D Center in Annapolis, M.

                    A total of eleven vessels over.501 in length over all (LOA) were
               reported as being used in.marine pollution related studies during FY 1983.
               The largest marine pollution "fleet" is managed by NOAA's National Ocean
               Service (NOS).' It includes.three large Class I vessels (over 2751 LOA),
               the DISCOVERER, RESEARCHER and SURVEYOR; one Class II vessel (2011 to
               2741 LOA), the MILLER FREEMAN*, and four Class III vessels (1631 to 200'
               LOA), the ALBATROSS IV, McARTHUR, PEIRCE and WHITING. EPA has authority
              .over one Class III vessel, the ANTELOPE, and one Class IV vessel (1001
               to 162' LOA), the RODGER SINONS, which is used in the Great Lakes region.
               The POLARIS, a Class V vessel (less than 100' LOA) spent approximately
               150 sea days operating in the vacinity of San Francisco Bay in support
               of USGS pollution related studies. The COE operates numerous small
               vessels under 50' LOA, including survey boats, dredges and work boats.
               Boats of this size are not,included in the Federal inventory of vessels
               used for marine pollution related activities.

                    A large and varied inventory of major equipment was reported by
               the Federal agencies as being used in.their marine pollution research
               and monitoring activities in FY 1983. A description of this equipment
               can be found in the maintext of this document.

                                                   17

                                              1. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

                                                                               FY 1983 UPDATE

                                UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (USDA)

                                                    CONTENTS

                                                                                           Page

                 ORGANIZATION CHART  ..............................................        I-ii

                 FUNDING EMPHASIS GRAPH   ...........................................    1-iii

                 MISSION STATEMENT  ...............................................      1-101

                 FEDERAL PERSONNEL AM FACILITIES    ................................     T-101

                 PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

                      Effects of Agricultural Practices Program    ............. 0 ....  1-101

                 LEGISLATIVE MANDATES  ............................................      1-102

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                                                                  3

                                        DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
                                OCEAN POLLUTION RESEARCH AND MONITORING
                                              FUNDING EMPHASIS
                                               FY1983 ESTIMATES

                                                     Coastal
                                                     Activities
                                                   $.2M (100%)
                                                 (all Non-point Source
                                                     Pollution)

                                                                           FY 1983 UPDATE

                               UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (USDA)

                                             MISSION STATEMENT

                      A relatively small portion of the United States Department of
                 Agriculture's research effort addresses the effects of agricultural and
                 natural resources practices on the quality of the marine environment.
                 The effort is centered in the office of the Assistant Secretary for
                 Science and Education. The overall Science and Education mission of USDA
                 is to conduct research, development,-and education on problems related to
                 agricultural production and to the protection of the environment.

                                      FEDERAL PERSONNEL AND FACILITIES

                      The USDA does not have any staff who are specifically assigned
                 to marine pollution programs nor does it have any facilities, vessels,
                 or equipment that are specifically designated for support of such pro-
                 grams.

                                            PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

                                 Effects of Agricultural Practices Program

                      USDA studies include research on pollution problems caused by
                 soil erosion, agricultural runoff, agricultural waste disposal, offsite
                 and downstream effects of sediment, nutrients and pesticides, transport
                 and transformation of pollutants, and their effects on organisms and
                 ecosystems. Emphasis is on effective management and use of the nation's
                 soil, water, and air resources, and on reducing pollutants in receiving
                 streams, lakes, estuaries, and oceans. Research is accomplished through
                 cooperation with State and other universities and through contracts and
                 grants. These funds are administered by the State agricultural experiment
                 stations and are used to support high-priority research in each State.

                 Estimated Funding (in thousand $)

                   FY 82      FY 83      FY 84     FY 85*

                    $196       $196       $196      $196

                   Presidential budget submission.

                 Inf ormation Source

                 Dr. Gary R. Evans
                 Coordinator for Natural Resources
                 USDA, Cooperative State Research Service
                 Room 121, West Auditors Building
                 Washington, DC 20251

                                                   1-101

                  USDA                                                          FY 1983 UPDATE

                                   UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

                                             LEGISLATIVE MANDATES

                       Department of Agriculture Organic Act of 1862 (5 U.S.C. 511)

                       Research and Marketing Act of 1946, as amended (70 S.C. - 427, 4271)

                       National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy
                         Act of 1977 (P.L. 91-113, and other Congressional mandates)

                                                    1-102

                                                                                11. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

                                                                                      FY 1983 UPDATE

                                                  DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

                                                          CONTENTS

                                                                                                     Page

                 NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

                       MISSION   ........................     * .............................     II-101

                       FEDERAL PERSONNEL AND FACILITIES       ...  ..............* .............  11-103

                       PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

                           Center for Analytical Chemistry       .............................    11-103

                       ORGANIZATION CHART    .............................................        11-104

                       LEGISLATIVE MANDATES     ...........................................       11-105

                 NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION

                       MISSIONS AND MANDATES     .........................................        11-201

                       FEDERAL PERSONNEL AND FACILITIES       .......I..........   .............  11-203

                       ORGANIZATION CHART    .............................................        11-204

                       FUNDING SUMMARY   .................    0 .......0 .....................    11-205

                       FUNDING EMPHASIS GRAPH     ........................................        11-206

                       PROGRAM DESCRIPTIONS

                           Coastal and Estuarine Assessment Program         ...................   11-209

                           Ocean Use Impact Assessment Program..*        .....................    11-212

                           Strategic Assessment Program      ...............................      11-217

                           Hazardous Materials Spill Response Program         .................   11-219

                           National Marine Pollution Program       ............        .........  11-222

                           Deep Seabed Mining Environmental Research Program          ..........  11-224

                           Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Program        ....................    11-227

                           Chesapeake Bay Program     ...............              .............  11-230

                           Measurement Systems Development and Engineering

                              Services Program    ........ 0 ........ 00  .......                 11-231

                                                            II-i

                                                                                     FY 1983 UPDATE

                           Contents (cont'd)

                                                                                                     Page

                           National Marine Sanctuaries Program.....        ..........   ...... 11-233

                           Coastal Zone Management Program      .........    ..............  11-235

                           Ship Support   ................   ....  ....   ..... ......... 11-237

                           Environmental Research Laboratories Ocean

                               Pollution Studies...  .... . .....   ....... ...........          11-238

                           Environmental Research Laboratories Great Lakes

                               Pollution Studies....             .....  .....  . ........... 11-242

                           Sea Grant Ocean Pollution Program      ......    ..................  11-245

                           National Fishery Ecology Program       ............................    11-247

                           Microconstituents Program... .     ...... .  .......       .......... 11-251

                           Ocean Pollution Data and Information Network            ...........    11-253
                                                  II-ii

                                                                          FY 1983 UPDATE

                                          DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
                                        NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

                                                 MISSION

                    The National Bureau of Standards (NBS) has responsibility for the
               custody, maintenance, and development of the national standards of
               measurement, and the provision of means and methods for making measure-
               ments consistent with those standards. NBS cooperates with other Federal
               agencies for the development of standard practices and the establishment
               of reference bases in support of national programs.

               NATIONAL MEASUREMENT LABORATORY

                    Provides the national system of physical and chemical measurement;
               coordinates the system with measurement systems of other nations, and
               furnishes essential services leading to accurate and uniform physical and
               chemical measurement throughout the Nation's scientific community, industry,
               and commerce; conducts research leading to improved methods of measurement,
               standards, and data on the properties of materials needed by industry,
               commerce, educational institutions, and government; provides advisory and
               research services to other government agencies; conducts physical and
               chemical research; develops, produces, and distributes standard reference
               materials; provides standard reference data; provides calibration services;
               and collaborates with the Bureau's major organizational units in carrying
               out its responsibilities.

                                     Center for Analytical Chemistry

                    Develops and maintains the scientific competence and experimental
               facilities necessary to provide the Nation with uniform measurements,
               measurement methodology, and measurement services in the field of analytical
               chemistry; carries out basic and applied research in analytical chemistry;
               develops and improves methods for the separation, analysis and characteriza-
               tion of materials, including Standard Reference Materials; conducts
               fundamental investigations of the phenomena on which measurement of the
               composition and behavior of chemical systems is based; uses these measure-
               ment methods to improve the accuracy of compositional measurements and,
               thereby, the comparability among laboratories throughout the United States
               as well as to ensure measurement compatibility with other nations; uses
               these techniques to assist in the solution of problems that impact the
               Nation, e.g., in improving the accuracy of clinical analytical chemistry,
               and air and water pollution analyses, provides advisory services in
               analytical chemistry to government agencies, scientific organizations, and
               industry; participates in collaborative efforts with other NBS centers in
               the interdisciplinary applications of analytical chemistry.

                                                  II-101

                  DOC/NBS                                                        EY 1983 UPDATE

                  Inorganic Analytical Research Division

                       Conducts research and development in the qualitative and quantitative
                  determination of inorganic species; develops and certifies Standard Reference
                  Materials for inorganic species in a variety of matrix types; develops
                  instrumentation and analytical techniques for the application of inorganic
                  mass spectrometric techniques to analysis including the calibration of
                  absolute isotope abundance ratios, isotope dilution mass spectrometry, and
                  the determination of the atomic weights of the elements; provides advisory
                  services to government agencies, scientific organizations, and industry;
                  conducts research and development in analytical chemistry methodology
                  involving atomic and molecular spectroscopy; investigates the application
                  of laser excitation and absorption techniques to analysis, conducts research
                  and development for the application of nuclear activation techniques to
                  analysis, including radiochemical separations techniques; carries out
                  research and development in solution chemistry for determining homogeneity
                  and for characterizing materials by titrimetry, gravimetry, gas evolution,
                  and by complexation and separation techniques involving ion exchange and
                  solvent extraction methodology; conducts research and development on
                  electrochemical methods of analysis including voltammetry, coulometry,
                  potentiometry, and the determination and standardization of pH.

                  Organic Analytical Research Division

                       Develops and improves techniques for the preparation, purification,
                  characterization, and analysis of biologically important organic materials
                  with emphasis on determination of their chemical and physical properties
                  and structure; conducts research on the preparation and production of
                  standard bioorganic materials, and on the application of stable isotopes
                  and radioisotopes to reaction mechanisms and quantitative analysis;
                  provides advisory services to government agencies, scientific organizations,
                  and industry; conducts research on the fundamental chemical and physical
                  proceses of chromatographic separations and the accurate measurement of
                  trace quantities of organic compounds; separates, identifies, and measures
                  organic systems directed towards the certification of Standard Reference
                  Materials used in the analysis of biological and environmental samples
                  for trace organic constituents; conducts research on sampling, sample
                  handling, high-resolution chromatographic separations, and trace organic
                  detectors including organic mass spectrometry.

                  Gas and Particulate Science Division

                       Conducts research and development on the analysis of gases and gaseous
                  systems especially as applied to the determination of gaseous constituents
                  of air and air pollutants; develops and certifies Standard Reference
                  Materials for gas mixtures, permeation devices and particulates, and
                  techniques for their utilization in practical analysis procedures; provides
                  advisory services to government agencies, scientific organizations, and
                  industry; develops methodology for the physical and chemical characteriza-
                  tion of fine particulates including measurements of particle size, size
                  distribution and composition using electron and ion probe microanalysis,

                                                     11-102

               DOC/NBS                                                         FY 1983 UPDATE

               laser microRaman analysis, and optical microscopy; conducts research
               and development in microanalysis techniques to examine very small regions
               of larger samples; performs research and development in x-ray fluorescence
               analysis.

                                      FEDERAL PERSONNEL AND FACILITIES

                    The National Bureau of Standards does not have any staff who are
               specifically assigned to marine pollution programs nor does it have any
               facilities, vessels, or equipment that are specifically designated for
               support of such programs.

                                            PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

                                      Center for Analytical Chemistry

                    The program of the Center for Analytical Chemistry includes research
               in analytical methods and standard reference materials (SRM's), the
               provision of quality assurance services, and services to other agencies
               of government. Measurement research is carried out on organic, inorganic,
               gaseous species and particulate matter. Many of the Center's services
               are applicable to ocean pollution research and monitoring programs.
               These include measurement of hazardous wastes, organic and inorganic
               species in water, organic and inorganic species in marine organisms and
               .sediments, research in sampling, analytical design, and long-term storage
               of samples.,

                    Scientists in the Center for Analytical Chemistry are currently working
               with the National Marine Pollution Program to develop generic guidelines
               for use in writing quality assurance plans for scientific measurement
               programs undertaken by agencies involved in 'the assessment of marine pollu-
               tion. As one phase of the development of these guidelines a workshop for
               scientists from participating agencies will be held at NBS to discuss
               quality assurance of marine pollution measurements.

               Estimated Funding

                    FY81     FY82      FY83     FY84

                     $0       $0        $0       $0

                 Marine pollution related  activities at NBS are carried out on a
                     reimbursable basis.

               Program Manager

                    Dr. Harry Hertz
                    Center for Analytical Chemistry
                    National Bureau of Standards
                    Washington, D.C., 20234
                    (301) 921-2851

                                                   11-103

                                                                U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
                                                               NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

                                                                                 Director

                                                                             Deputy Director

                         National Engineering                      easurement j         Finstitute for Computer                  Center for
                              Laboratory                           ratory                 Sc iences & Technology             Materials Science

                                                               Center for
                                                          Analytical Chemistry

                                                                            Inorganic Analytical
                                                                             Research Division

                                                                             Organic Analytical
                                                                             Research Division

                                                                            Gas and Particulate
                                                                              Science Division

               DOC/NBS                                                    FY 1983 UPDATE

                                           LEGISLATIVE MANDATES

                    Under Section 2 of the Act of March 3, 1901, as amended (15 U.S.C.
               272), NBS is authorized to undertake the following functions:

                    � The custody, maintenance, and development of the national standards
                       of measurement, and the provision of means and methods for making
                       measurements consistent with those standards, including the
                       comparison of standards used in scientific investigations,
                       engineering, manufacturing, commerce, and educational institu-
                       tions with the standards adopted or recognized by the Government.

                     � The determination of physical constants and properties of
                       materials when such data are of great importance to scientific
                       or manufacturing interests and are not to be obtained of
                       sufficient accuracy elsewhere.

                     � The development of methods for testing materials, mechanisms,
                       and structures, and the testing of materials, supplies, and
                       equipment, including items purchased for use by Government
                       departments and independent establishments.

                    � Cooperation with other governmental agencies and with private
                       organizations in the establishment of standard practices,
                       incorporated in codes and specifications.

                     � Advisory service 'to Government agencies on scientific and
                       technical problems.

                    � Invention and development of devices to serve special needs of
                       the Government.

                    Moreover, NBS is authorized under the Standard Reference Data Act
               (15 USC 290-290f) to provide.for, in collaboration with other Federal
               agencies, the collection, compilation, critical evaluation, publication,
               and dissemination of standard reference data on physical and chemical
               properties of substances.

                                                   11-105

                                                                             FY 1983 UPDATE

                                           DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
                              NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION

                                         Marine Pollution Programs

                                           MISSIONS AND MANDATES

                      The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) was
                 established in 1970 to provide a civilian governmental focus dealing with
                 the problems of the oceans and the atmosphere in a unified manner. The
                 NOAA concept was the result of two'concurrent trends in national science
                 policy development: (1) a conviction that the nation should pay increased
                 attention to the wise development of oceanic resources; and (2) a growing
                 recognition that the oceans and the atmosphere are interacting parts of
                 the total environmental system, and to deal more effectively with ocean-
                 atmosphere problems, a new organizational approach was needed.

                      During the past 10 years, NOAA's responsibilities have grown. Now
                 an important part of NOAA's mission relates to marine pollution and the
                 balanced management of the marine environment.. NOAA programs in support
                 of this mission work toward the development of an information base design-
                 ed to contribute to the rational, efficient, and equitable utilization,
                 conservation, and development of our oceanic and coastal resources.

                      NOAA marine.pollution responsibilities are specifically addressed in
                 the National Ocean Pollution Planning Act of 1978 (33 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.).
                 This Act directs the Administrator of NOAA, in consultation with the
                 Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy of the Executive
                 Office of the President, and other.appropriate officials, to prepare and
                 update every three years a comprehensive five-year plan for the overall
                 Federal effort in ocean pollution research, develoment, and monitoring
                 (Section 4), and to provide financial assistance for such acitivites if,
                 they received high priority in.the five-year plan and are not being
                 addressed adequately by any existing Federal programs (Section 6). The
                 Act directs NOAA to establish a comprehensive coordinated, and effective
                 ocean pollution research, development, and monitoring program (Section
                 5), and to ensure that results, findings, and information regarding
                 Federal ocean pollution research, development, and monitoring programs
                 are disseminated in a timely manner and useful.form to Federal and other
                 user groups having an interest in such information (Section 8).

                      Additional responsibi lities related to marine pollution were assigned
                 to NOAA by the Secretary of Commerce in response to Title II of the Marine
                 Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act (33 U.S.C. 1401), which directs
                 the Secretary to establish a comprehensive and continuing program of mon-
                 itoring and research with respect to the possible long-range effects of
                 pollution, overfishing, and man-induced changes of ocean ecosystems,

                      Under other statutory mandates NOAA conducts, supports, or coordinates
                 ocean resource use development programs and living marine resource manage-
                 ment and protection programs. Several of these programs must consider
                 the environmental impacts of resource use and development activities or
                 the existing and potential ocean pollution conditions on living resource
                 management.

                                                   11-201

                   DOC/NOAA                                                    FY 1983 UPDATg

                        In addition to fulfilling NOAA missions, the NOAA marine pollution
                   programs are often performed in cooperation with other agencies, helping
                   these agencies to achieve their missions. Cooperation among several NOAA
                   programs and programs of the Environmental Protection Agency, the Minerals
                   Management Service of the Department of Interior, the U.S. Coast Guard
                   (Department of Transportation) and the Department of Energy has been
                   particularly significant.

                        The NOAA marine pollution program goals reflect the goals identified
                   for the Federal ocean pollution program in the five-year Federal Marine
                   Pollution Program Plan, the goals of the Department of Commerce, and the
                   missions of the Agency.

                        These are:

                        o Guide national policy decisions on marine pollution issues based
                          upon scientific information.

                        o Provide leadership in planning and coordinating Federal marine
                          pollution research, development, and monitoring activities; in
                          preparing and synthesizing results from such activities; and in
                          disseminating information in a timely manner and in useful formats
                          to all relevant users.

                        o Develop sufficient understanding of marine ecosystems to provide
                          a sound evaluation of the impacts of the use of the marine environ-
                          ment as a source of renewable and non-renewable resources.

                        o Support efforts to prevent, or mitigate, the effects of accidental
                          releases of oil and hazardous materials into the marine environment.

                        o Protect the integrity, productivity, and aesthetic quality of the
                          marine system from unacceptable ocean.use practices and to enhance
                          already degraded systems by recommending possible mitigatory and/or
                          restorative actions.

                        o Document and evaluate the status and trends of source loadings,
                          ambient levels, and biological accumulations of critical pollutants
                          and the probable effects of these pollutants on human health and
                          marine ecosystems.

                   Marine Pollution Programs

                        In FY 1983, as a result of the NOAA internal reorganization and a
                   review of the marine pollution programs of the agency, several programs
                   were integrated and redefined. Most of the changes occurred within the
                   Ocean Assessments Division of the National Ocean Service   A Coastal and
                   Estuarine Assessment Program was initiated to integrate @etter the coastal
                   and estuarine studies that were supported by the former Hudson Raritan
                   Estuary/New York Bight Project, the Puget Sound Project, the Northeast
                   Monitoring Program (NEMP), and relevant parts of the Long-Range Effects
                   Research Program and the Financial Assistance Program. A major emphasis

                                                     11-202

                DOC/NOAA                                                      FY 1983 UPDATE

                is being placed on the characterization of the current status and the
                spatial and temporal trends of the environmental quality of the nation's
                coastal and estuarine waters. A NOAA-wide Quality Assurance Program is
                coordinated through this program.

                     The Ocean Use Impact Assessment Program was established to focus the
                studies supported by parts of the former Long-Range Effects Research
                Program and the Financial Assistance Program on the impacts of specific
                ocean uses, such as the impacts of ocean outfalls, ocean dumping and
                dredging activities, and oil and gas development on the outer continental
                shelf (OCS), and to integrate these studies with those supported by the
                former Ocean Dumping Program. The current emphasis is on evaluating the
                effects of ocean dumping and OCS oil and gas activities.

                     The scope of the comprehensive, interdisciplinary assessment activ-@-
                ities undertaken by the former Ocean Resources Coordination and Assessment
                Program (ORCA) has been expanded to include a number of new issues related
                to multiple use of resources in the proposed Exclusive Economic Zone
                (EEZ). The program evaluates existing and projected coastal and ocean
                resource demands in terms of levels of use, resource availability, pollu-
                tion discharges, potential environmental impacts and use conflicts, and
                maintains comprehensive national inventories of coastal and ocean resour-
                ces and their existing and proposed uses. It develops strategic assess-
                ment methods and maintains an operational capability with which to evalu-
                ate environmental and economic effects of national policies and management
                strategies affecting coastal and ocean resources. A new program, the
                Strategic Assessment Program, has been adopted to reflect better the type
                of national resource use conflict assessment activities performed.

                     One consequence of the reorganization of the programs within the
                National Marine Fisheries Service was the establishment of the National
                Fishery Ecology Program. The new program will integrate better the marine
                pollution studies conducted under the former Habitat Investigation Program
                with investigations conducted in support of other related fishery manage-
                ment issues.

                     Because of their contribution to marine pollution management issues,
                three other NOAA programs have been added to the list of programs to this
                update. These are: the Coastal'Zone Management Program, the National
                Marine Sanctuaries Program, and the Chesapeake Bay Program. With the
                reorganization and the addition of these programs, in FY 1983 NOAA had 18
                programs of activities related to ocean pollution research, development,
                and monitoring. The description of these programs will follow the NOAA
                Line Organization structure.

                                      FEDERAL PERSONNEL AND FACILITIES

                     NOAA's,marine pollution-related research, development, monitoring,
                and management activities are conducted'in four of NOAA's Line Organiza-
                tions: National Ocean Service (NOS), National Marine Fisheries Service
                (NMFS), Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR), and National Environmental
                Satellite Data and Information Service (NESDIS). There is a total of 227
                full-time equivalent (FTE) personnel in NOAA's marine pollution program,

                                                   11-203

                                                                  U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
                                                   NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION

                                                                                   Administrator

                                                                             Deputy          Associate
                                                                          Administrator    Administrator

                         National Ocean Service             National Environmental                                                Oceanic & Atmospheric
                                                                  Satellite Data              National Marine Fisheries                   Research
                         Oceanography & Marine               & Information Service                     Service                    Environmental Research
                                Services                 National Environmental Data                                                    Laboratories
                       Ocean & Coastal Resource            & Information Service                                                         Sea Grant
                              Management                                                  -National Fishery Ecology
                           Marine Operations           Locean Pollution Data &                Program                          Sea Grant Ocean Pollution
                    L Ship Support                         Information Network            -Microconstituents Program              Program
                                                                                                                                ERL Great Lakes
                      Ocean Thermal Energy                                                                                        Pollution Studies
                         Conversion Pr6gram
                      Deep Seabed Mining Environmental                                                                         ERL Ocean Pollution
                         Research Program                                                                                         Studies
                      National Marine Sanctuaries
                         Program
                      Chesapeake Bay Program
                      Coastal Zone Management
                         Program
                      Strategic Assessment
                         Program
                  -Coastal & Estuarine
                         Assessment Program
                  - Ocean Use Impact                                    Only offices directly involved in marine pollution research programs are listed.
                         Assessment Program
                  - Hazardous Materials
                         Response Program
                      Measurement Systems
                         Development & Engineering Services
                      National Marine Pollution Program'

                                                           DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
                                             NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION a

                                                          PROGRAM FUNDING SUMMARY
                                    RELATED  TO OCEAN POLLUTION RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND MONITORING
                                             HISTORICAL BUDGET AND ESTIMATED OUT-YEAR FUNDING
                                                          FISCAL YEARS 1982 - 1985

                                                                                                (in thousands $)

                                                                              FY 82          FY 83           FY 84            FY 85
                                                                           (Estimated)    (Estimated)     (Estimated)     (Presidential)

                   Coastal and Estuarine Assessment Program                   5,768           7,204             7,300           49244
                   Ocean Use Impact Assessment Program                        5,931           3,683             3,000             484
                   Strategic Assessment Program                                 600           1,374             1,734           1P900
                   Hazardous Materials Response Program                         932           1,305             1,500           19400
                   .National Marine Pollution Program b                         680              692            19263           1,263
                   Deep Seabed Mining Environmental Research Program            450              591              435             530
                   Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Program                      208              288              125             125
                   Chesapeake Bay Program                                          0             250              300               0
                   Measurement Systems Devel. & Engin. Svcs.                    560                10              40             100
          Ln.      National Marine Sanctuaries Program                            75             ill               65               35
                   Coastal Zone Management Programs                           19,650             350            1 050               0
                   Ship Support                                               8,899           6,349             5:988           5,000
                   ERL Ocean Pollution Studies                                2,490           1,768             1P978           1,978
                   ERL Great Lakes Pollution Studies                          29478           2,262             2JI478              0
                   Sea Grant Ocean Pollution Program                          2,091           1,797             IP833               0
                   National Fishery Ecology Program                           3,865           43,811            3,975           3,975
                   Microconstituents Program                                    181              240               90               90
                   Ocean Pollution Data and Information Network b               560              560

                                                            NOAA TOTAL        370418          33,645            33,154          21,124

                a The new configuration of marine pollution programs in NOAA under the reorganization in November 1982         is
                        reflect in this listing.
                b Start ing in FY 1984, the Ocean Pollution Data and Information Network (OPDIN) is combined with the National
                        Marine Pollution Program (NMPP). This accounts for the increased funding for NMPP between FY 1983 and
                        FY 1984 and the zero funding for OPDIN after FY 1983.

                                          NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION
                                                 OCEAN POLLUTION RESEARCH AND MONITORING
                                                                         FUNDING EMPHASIS
                                                                         FY 1983 ESTIMATES

                                                                                  Monitoring
                                                                                  $1.3M (4%)
                                       Basic Studies             Pollutant Inputs                    Environmental Status
                                         $1.2M (3%)                   (42%)                               Trends (58%)           Co stal Activities
                                   Ecosystem                                                                                        ;4.OM (12%)
                                   Processes                                                                                        Other Habitat
                                & Modeling (6%)                                                                                   Alterations (24%)

                                                       Environmental                                        Non-Point
                                                     Characterization          Other                          Source                Coastal Facility
                                                           (94%)              (<1%)                            Pollution                 Siting
                                                                                                                 (62%)                & Operation
                                    Marine Energy                                                                                        (14%)
                               Development 0.3M (11%)
                              Marine Transportation                                                                Accidental Discharges
                                     OAM (11 %)                                                                           $1.5M (4%)
                                                                                                                                                   Marine Mining
                                                     Municipal                                                                                       $1.6M (5%)
                                                       Waste               Marine                                                  Oil' & Gas
                                                       (39%)               Waste                                                      (60%)
                 Dredged                                                  Disposal
                  Material                                                $12.9M           General
                   (23%)                                                   (38%)          Program
                                                                                           Support
                                                                                           $1 0.0M             Deep Seabed                         Sand, Gravel
                  Radioactive                                                               (30%)              Mining (39%)                        & Shell (1%)
                    Waste                           Industrial
                     (1 %)                           Waste
                             Brine (<1%)             (36%)
                                                                                                                      Logistics
                                                                                                                       (64%)

                                                                       Pollutant
                                                                        Effects                 measurement
                                                                         (61%)                  Methodologies
                                                                                                     (3%)                        Information Management
                                                                                                        Other (5%)                      Synthesis &
                                                 Other (19%)                                                                        Dissemination (22%)
                                                                                                      Program Management
                                            Generic Pollution         Pollutant Transport              & Coordination (6%)
                                                   Studies             & Transformation
                                                $0.5M (2%)                  (20%)

                                                                                 11-206

                 DOC/NOAA                                                      FY 1983 UPDATE

                 of these  NOS programs have 74 FTEs, OAR programs have 77 FTEs, NKFS
                 programs  have 72 FTEs, and the NESDIS program has 4 FTEs. The majority
                 of these  positions represent professional and technical staff (approx.
                 80%).

                       The NOS manages the NOAA fleet. Eight ships are involved in the
                 FY 1983 and FY 1984 programs. The three Class I vessels include the
                 DISCOVERER, RESEARCHER, and the SURVEYOR. These ships are capable of
                 conducting worldwide oceanographic research, staying at sea for approx-
                 imately 30 days. They are equipped with two oceanographic winches capable
                ,of reaching 19,000 ft, and with a deep sea winch capable of reaching
                 40,000 ft. Each ship has several up-to-date communication systems and
                 navigational equipment, including a satellite navigation system. In
                 addition to narrow beam echo-sounders, one of the ships is equipped with
                 a side-scan sonar, and one with a Sea-Beam system. They each have modern
                 physical, chemical, geological; and geophysical oceanographic equipment
                 on board, over 2,000 ft2 of laboratory space, and a modern computer
                 facility.

                       A Class II ship, the MILLER FREEMAN, conducts mostly fishery and
                 living marine resources research of the U.S. Pacific Coast and in Alaska
                 waters. It is equipped with three oceanographic winches capable of reach-
                 ing 19,000 ft, and three fishery winches with maximum pull of 30,000 lbs.
                 lbs. It has several state-of-the-art communication systems and navigation
                 equipment, including a satellite navigation system. In addition to deep
                 and shallow water echo sounders, it has a fish finder and net sonde and
                 fish sonar. It has sophisticated physical oceanographic equipment (STD,
                                                  2
                 XBT, Rosette) and over 1,000 ft laboratory space.

                       Four Class III vessels, the ALBATROS IV, McARTHUR, PEIRCE and WHITING,
                 normally engaged in hydrographic surveys, circulatory studies, and fishery
                 and living resources research (ALBATROSS IV), at times support the NOAA
                 marine pollution program. Each ship has at least three oceanographic (or
                 combination of oceanographic and fishery trawl) winches, modern communi-
                 cation and navigational equipment, echo sounders, physical oceanographic
                 equipment, and shipboard computer systems.

                       Of the 12 marine pollution programs of NOS, only those conducted by
                 the Office of Oceanography and Marine Services own pollution-related
                 equipment. The list ineludes a large number of current meters, other
                 physical oceanographic equipment, two Raydist navigation systems, three
                 range-finders, several portable laboratory vans, a mass-spectrometer,
                 atomicabsorption spectrophotometeri auto-analyser, liquid scintillation
                 spectrometer and two gas-chromatographs.

                       The marine pollution programs of the NMFS are conducted at the
                 regional fisheries centers under the National Marine Fishery Ecology
                 Program. The majority of the activities occur at the laboratories of the
                 Northeast Fisheries Center (NEFC) and the Northwest and Alaska Fisheries
                 Center (NWAFC). Facilities of the NEFC laboratories include a total of
                 approximately 110,000 ft2 building and laboratory space containing
                 scanning and transmission electron microscopes, high-speed centrifuges,
                 atomic absorbtion spectrometers, gas and liquid chromatography apparatus,

                                                     11-207

                   DOC/NOAA                                                    FY 1983 UPDATE

                   and other specialized equipment. In addition a sophisticated pollution
                   exposure system for fish and a satellite remote sensing system are used
                   for the pollution program.

                        NWAFC pollution research is conducted in the Seattle and Auke Bay
                   (Alaska) laboratories. Building and lab space at these facilities totals
                   100,000 ft2. The laboratories are equipped for sophisticated pollution/
                   habitat analyses, including high pressure liquid chromatographs, a com-
                   bined gas chormatographic-mass spectrometer, scintillation counters, and
                   electron microscopes (scanning and transmission).

                        Within OAR three laboratory facilities are devoted to oceanographic
                   and limnological research. These laboratories are the Atlantic Oceano-
                   graphic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML), located in Miami, Florida;
                   the Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL), located in Seattle,
                   Washington; and the Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL),
                   located in Ann Arbor, Michigan. All these laboratories have major capa-
                   bilities to address marine and limnological pollution problems.

                        At AOML a significant portion of research in physical, chemical,
                   geological, and biological oceanography is devoted to problems in marine
                   pollution. The facility contains 1,200 ft2 of laboratory space available
                   for pollution studies and approximately another 500 ft2 of laboratory
                   facilities in portable vans for shipboard use. A completely equipped
                   marine chemistry and biology laboratory has the capability of studying
                   the fates and effects of marine pollutants and their interactions with
                   the lower trophic levels of the ocean. The laboratory is equipped to
                   measure metals, natural and synthetic organic compounds, nutrients, and
                   volatile components of the upper ocean. Unique equipment devoted substan-
                   tially to marine pollution include a double entry clean van with class
                   100 quality air for trace metal-research, and one extensively electron-
                   ically modified Princeton Applied Research anodic stripping voltammetery
                   polarograph.

                        The marine pollution research programs of PMEL are conducted in the
                   Marine Assessment Research Division. The division has over 4,000 ft2 of
                   laboratory space in nine organic, inorganic, and radiochemistry laborator-
                   ies along with a clean room and a clean van for shipboard use. Currently,
                   these laboratories are used about 60%.of the time for marine pollution
                   research. Four gas chromatographs, two elemental analyzers, a Coulter
                   counter, and a liquid scintillation spectrometer are entirely or sub-
                   stantially devoted to PMEL marine pollution research.

                        The pollution research in GLERL includes programs in toxic organic
                   contaminants, and.eutrophication. The 3,500 ft2 of laboratory space
                   includes a water chemistry laboratory, a sediment laboratory, a biological
                   laboratory, and a computer laboratory, all devoting a significant portion
                   of their time to pollution research. In addition, GLERL shares a radio-
                   nuclide facility at the University of Michigan for its pollution research
                   based on radiochemistry. Significant equipment capability devoted to
                   marine pollution research include a 65-foot research vessel, a mobile
                   chemistry and biology laboratory, various chromatographs, a Coulter
                   counter, a liquid scintillation counter, growth chambers, alpha and gamma
                   spectroscopy systems, and a VAX 11/780 computer system.

                                                     11-208

                DOC/NOAA                                                     FY 1983 UPDATE

                     Within NESDIS, the National oceanographic Data Center (NODC) provides
                staff and other resources to support the Ocean Pollution Data and
                Information Network (OPDIN). In addition to the Washington, D.C.
                office, part-time support of OPDIN tasks are provided by NODC regional
                liasion offices. The five liasion offices are located at the Woods Hole
                Oceanographic Institution in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, at AOML, in
                Miami, Florida, at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in La Jolla,
                California, PMEL, in Seattle, Washington, and at the Arctic Environmental
                Information and Data Center, University of Alaska in Anchorgae, Alaska.

                     Equipment at NODC includes IBM programmable work stations, a ModComp
                minicomputer, and access through various terminals, to the NESDIS UNIVAC
                1100 systems at Asheville, NC and Suitland, MD and to the DEC 10/20
                system at Waltham, MA. These-major computer facilities support NODC data
                base and data/information transmission activities and involve large data
                bases associated with marine pollution concerns.

                                            PROGRAM DESCRIPTIONS

                                  Coastal and Estuarine Assessment Program

                     The Coastal and Estuarine Assessment Program was established in 1983
                in order to integrate better the coastal and estuarine studies performed
                historically by the Hudson Raritan Estuary/New York Bight Project, the
                Puget Sound Project, the Ocean Pollution Monitoring Program, and relevant
                parts of the former Long-Range Effect Research Program and the Financial
                Assistance Program. The new comprehensive program.-conducts national arid
                regional studies in representative coastal regions and estuaries to
                develop improved methods for use by NOAA, other public agencies, and the
                public sector in assessing throughout the Nation the effects of coastal
                and estuarine resource use activities. The Program: (1) provides assess-
                ment services and information to regional and local public agencies and
                public interest groups for developing and evaluating resource management
                strategies; (2) develops improved understanding of the physical, chemical,
                and ecological functions and processes relevant to the resolution of
                resource use conflicts in coastal and estuarine ecosystems; (3) and
                determines trends in marine environmental quality for use in identifying
                and evaluating chronic and cumulative'environmental problems in the
                Nation's coastal waters. The Program has two major topical activities:
                (1) Status and Trends Assessment; and (2) Environmental Studies.

                     The Status and Trends Assessment activities will: (1) quantify the
                present concentrations of toxicants and pathogens in U.S. coastal and
                estuarine waters, sediments, and tissues of key organism; and (2) feter-
                mine the temporal trends and spatial distributions of these concentrations.
                Results will be used to assess the potential impact of contaminants on
                human health, and on protected, commercially important, and otherwise
                valuable living marine resources. The program will rely on a nationally
                uniform set of new measurements arid on existing data obtained by other
                Federal, state and local agencies, and will ensure the quality and inter-
                regional comparability of marine environmental quality measurements.

                                                   11-209

                   DOC/NOAA                                                    FY 1983 UPDATE

                   Goal

                       The goal of the Status and Trends Assessment activities is: To
                   characterize the current status, and the spatial and temporal trend's of
                   the environmental quality of the nation's coastal and estuarine areas.

                       Objectives

                       - Define a cost-effective plan for national surveillance of coastal
                          and estuarine trends in environmental quality.

                       -  Conduct a national surveillance of coastal and estuarine areas
                          to detect large-scale spatial and temporal trends in
                          environmental quality.

                       -  Evaluate data from the national surveillance, from appropriate
                          historical data bases, and from other sources to identify those
                          marine areas, contaminants, or resources needing increased
                          management or technical attention.

                       -  Disseminate data, information, findings, and recommendations
                          for use by management and the general public.

                       As part of the Status and Trends Assessment activities, the Coastal
                   and Estuarine Assessment Program and the National Fishery Ecology Program
                   will continue to support systematic physical, geochemical, and biological
                   measurements off the northeast coast of the United States, (the Northeast
                   Monitoring Program, NEMP) and will publish annual and other reports on
                   the state of environmental quality of that region.

                       The Environmental Studies activities of the Program will develop and
                   apply techniques and methodologies to determine the significance of the
                   changes in marine environmental quality. These studies will link ocean-
                   use activities, particularly marine and waste disposal practices to their
                   environmental consequences, and will continue to improve our understanding
                   of estuarine and coastal processes. The initial focus is on the Hudson-
                   Raritan Estuary/New York Bight and the Puget Sound areas, but studies
                   will be extended to other stressed environments. Selection of studies
                   will be based on the known national significance of the problems, and on
                   the potential applicability of the results to other stressed environments.

                   Goal

                       The goal of these Environmental Studies activities is: To assess
                   the implications of human activities on estuarine and coastal ecosystems,
                   and to provide recommendations for resolution of waste disposal and
                   resource use conflicts.

                   objectives

                          Assess the management implications of eutrophication and low
                          dissolved oxygen in coastal and estuarine environments to
                          fish, shellfish, and other marine resources.

                                                     11-210

                 DOC/NOAA                                                  FY 1983 UPDATE

                      - Assess the management implications of pathogens and toxic
                        chemicals in coastal and estuarine environments on human
                        health.

                      - Assess the management implications of pollutants in estuarine
                        and coastal environments on fisheries stocks, benthos, birds
                        and mammals, and other marine resources.

                      - Develop predictive algorithms for relating pollutant loadings
                        to effects on estuarine and coastal environments for improved
                        management.

                      - Disseminate data, information, findings, and recommendations
                        for use by management and the general public.

                      The Coastal and Estuarine Assessment Program als*o coordinates a NQAA
                 quality assurance program for marine environmentalmeasurements. This
                 program will provide estimates of data quality and will maintain mechanisms
                 for evaluating data comparability among the various NOAA laboratories,
                 other national laboratories, and international organizations.

                 Milestones

                 FY83

                      - Complete interpretation of circulation in Puget Sound based on
                        historical records.

                      - Complete Hudson/Raritan Estuary water quality report.

                      - Complete determination of priority pollutants affecting the
                        environmental quality of the Hudson/Raritan Estuary.

                      - Contribute to annual report on the state of environmental quality
                        of the Northeast U.S. coast (NEMP).

                 FY84

                      - Complete national review of monitoring techniques.

                      - Complete national inventory of monitoring programs.

                      - Complete nationwide evaluation of the coastal and estuarine
                        eutrophication problem.

                      - Complete analysis of sampling efforts required to detect important
                        chang es in 11 measures of environmental impact.

                      - Continue testing of 11 indices of coastal degradation.

                      - Determine the relative toxicity of selected toxic chemical
                        fractions found in Puget Sound sediments.

                                                  .11-211

                   DOC/NOAA                                                    FY 1983 UPDATE

                        - Apply historical and recent scientific observations to predictions
                          of contaminant fate and effects of Puget Sound.

                        - Contribute to annual report on the state of environmental quality
                          off the Northeast U.S. coast (NEMP).

                        - Publish report on the conparison of distribution patterns of
                          selected finfish and shellfish to patterns of anthropogenic and
                          natural variables encountered in the Hudson/Raritan Estuary.

                   FY85

                        - Issue annual report on the nationwide status of coastal and
                          estuarine quality.

                        - Determine trends of histopathological disorders among bottom
                          fish in Puget Sound.

                        - Determine human exposure to toxicants through consumption of
                          noncommerical fish caught in Puget Sound.

                        - Document associations between historical declines of finfish
                          and shellfish in five northeastern estuaries and pollution in
                          these estuaries.

                   Estimated Funding (in thousand $)

                       FY82     FY83     FY84     'FY85*

                      $5,768   $7,204   $7,300   $4,244

                     Presidential budget submission

                   Program Contact

                   Dr. Louis W. Butler
                   Ocean Assessments Division N/OMS32
                   11400 Rockville Pike, Rm. 668
                   Rockville, MD 20852
                   (FTS) 443-8951

                                      Ocearr-Use Impact Assessment Program

                        The Ocean-Use Impact Assessment Program (OUIAP) assesses the impacts
                   of specified, individual ocean use activities, such as ocean dumping,
                   outer continental shelf oil and gas exploration and development, and
                   marine mining; quantifies the potential sources, transport, and trans-
                   formations of contaminants associated with specific ocean-use activities;
                   identifies and quantifies the short- and long-term effects of contaminants
                   and other environmental perturbations associated with specific ocean-use
                   activities on marine resources-at-risk from those activities; and

                                                     11-212

                 DOC/NOAA                                                      FY 1983 UPDATE

                 interprets the effects of specified activities based on prototype site--
                 specific or process-specific studies and develops and evaluates management
                 strategies for use by NOAA, other public agencies, and the private sector.

                      The goals of the OUIAP are to quantify the environmental consequences
                 of existing and proposed resource-management and development activities
                 and to develop management recommendations that will ensure adequate
                 protection of the ocean environment. The OUIAP currently emphasizes two
                 categories of ocean use: deliberate waste disposal into the oceans and
                 oil and gas development on the outer continental shelf.

                      A program of research was established in 1977 to carry out    Section
                 201 of the Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972 (P.L.
                 92-532)-  This Act requries NOAA to conduct a.comprehensive and continuing
                 program of research and monitoring on the effects of ocean waste disposal.
                 Study of ocean waste disposal has consisted primarily of investigations
                 centered on specific wastes being,dumped at.specific locations and comple-
                 mentary laboratory research on ecological contamination. The assessment
                 techniques developed as a result of research and monitoring efforts will
                 be tested and applied at other sites in support of developing generic
                 technical approaches and overall management strategies for marine waste
                 disposal.

                      An Outer Continental Shelf Environmental Assessment Program (OCSEAP)
                 was established in 1974, by an Interagency Agreement between NOAA and the
                 Department of the Interior's Minerals Management Service.' This program was
                 incorporated into OUIAP in 1983. Through OCSEAP, we conduct a multi-
                 disciplinary research program to identify and predict the potential
                 environment effects of oil and gas development on the Outer Continental
                 Shelf, particularly around Alaska. About 50 research projects, encom--
                 passing biological, chemical, geological, and physical aspects of environ-
                 mental assessments are conducted each year in accord with the needs and
                 timing of specific leasing decisions of the Department of the Interior.
                 The results of these projects are integrated and interpreted to support:
                 leasing and management decisions related to OCS oil and gas development.

                 Objectives

                      A.  Ocean Dumping

                        - Identify and quantify the short- and long-term effects of
                          contaminants and other environmental perturbations associated
                          with ocean waste disposal on marine resources at risk from
                          this activity.

                        - Provide ability to predict contaminant distributions and biolog-
                          ical responses due to propos .ed ocean waste disposal plans.

                        - Define monitoring strategies to test predicted effects of waste
                          disposal.

                        - Interpret the effects of ocean dumping on prototype site-specific
                          and process-specific studies aqd develop and evaluate management
                          strategies for use by Federal, state, and local agencies.

                                                    11-213

                   DOC/NOAA                                                  FY 1983 Update

                         B. OCS Oil and Gas Development

                          - Provide information about the OCS environment that will enable
                            DOI to make sound management decisions regarding the development
                            of mineral resources on the OCS.

                          - Acquire information that will enable DOI to identify those aspects
                            of the environment that might be affected by oil and gas explor-
                            ation and development.

                          - Establish a basis for predicting the effects of OCS oil and gas
                            activities on the environment.

                          - Acquire impact data that may result in modification of leasing
                            stipulations, operating regulations, and OCS operating orders
                            in order to permit more efficient resource recovery with adequate
                            environmental protection.

                   Accomplishments

                         A. Ocean Dumping

                          - Published assessments of waste distributions and effects at the
                            two U.S. deep ocean dumpsites.

                          - Predicted consequences of large volume sewage sludge dumping
                            at a deep ocean site off U.S. east coast.

                          - Evaluated variations of and reasons for phytoplanktonic responses
                            to trace metal contamination as a function of metal, oceanic
                            region and complexation capacity of water.

                          - Tested techniques for identifying planktonic communities as
                            being affected by water contamination.

                          - Examined the effects of particle concentration and turbulence
                            on the rate of descent of ocean disposed sewage sludge particles.

                          - investigated the possible relationship among tissue contamination
                            in marine animals, biochemical alterations and lowered abundance
                            of fishery resources.

                          - Researched those factors affecting transfer of contaminants from
                            waste to marine organisms which are subject to management control.

                          - Found that human enteroviruses have survived in sediment at a
                            sewage sludge disposal site 17 months after disposal ended.

                         B. OCS Oil and Gas Development

                          - Published numerous synthesis reports describing resource
                            distributions, circulation features and potential impacts in
                            Alaskan OCS areas proposed for leasing.

                                                     11-214

                 DOC/NOAA                                                  FY 1983 UPDATE

                       - Developed seismic risk analyses for coastal and nearshore
                         Alaskan regions.

                       - Investigated regional circulation and meteorology in Alaska
                         and modeled oceanographic circulation as a basis for predicting
                         spill trajectories.

                       - Investigated and described the distribution of subsea permafrost
                         and ice gouging features that could restrict oil and gas
                         development.

                       - Investigated the seasonal distribution, abundance, habitat and
                         trophic dependencies, and behavior of biological resources
                         that could be impacted by oil and gas development.

                       - Investigated and modeled the weathering, transport and
                         biological effects of petroleum in Alaskan regions.

               Milestones

                FY83

                      A. Ocean Dumping

                       - Prepared a progress report on the horizontal and vertical
                         transport model for sewage sludge at the northeast deep ocean
                         sites.

                       - Prepared report, with EPA and NMFS, on assessment of the
                         impacts of past, ongoing, and proposed ocean dumping activites
                         at the 106-mile dumpsite.

                       - Completed Proceedings of the 3rd International Ocean Dumping.
                         Symposium.

                       - Submitted a mathematical model for horizontal and vertical
                         transport of sewage sludge.

                      B. OCS Oil and Gas Development

                       - Published synthesis reports on the possible consequences of
                         oil and gas development in the St. George Basin and Beaufort
                         Sea (Sale 71). areas, respectively.

                       - Conducted two Synthesis Meetings related to proposed oil and
                         gas development in the Navarin-Basin and Diapir Field.

                       - Conducted a three-day workshop to develop a monitoring program
                         for detection and documentation of environmental changes that
                         may result-from OCS oil and gas development and produdtion in
                         the Beaufort Sea.

                       - Published annual report for FY82 and Technical Development
                         Plan for FY84.

                                                 11-215

                    DOC/NOAA                                                   FY 1983 UPDATE

                   FY84

                        A.  Ocean Dumping

                          - Complete Proceeding of the 4th International Ocean Dumping
                            Symposium.

                          - Complete comprehensive report on the biological uptake of
                            contaminants from sewage sludge-amended sediments.

                          - Complete report on the oceanic transport of sewage sludge
                            disposed at sea.

                          - Complete draft monitoring plan for the 106-mile dumpsite.

                          - Submit Volumes 4, 5, and 6 of the International Ocean Disposal
                            Symposium Volumes to the publisher. These volumes contain
                            technical and summary chapters on wastes from energy production,,
                            deep-sea disposal and near-shore disposal.

                          - Submit FY83 Title II Report to Congress to NOAA Administration.

                        B.  OCS Oil and Gas Development

                          - Prepare FY 83 Annual Report to Minerals Management Service.

                          - Prepare operational schedules, including helicopter and ship
                            support schedules.

                          - Complete draft monitoring plan for the Beaufort Sea OCS area.

                            Publish FY85 Technical Development Plan.

                            Complete synthesis reports on the Barrow Arch and North Aleutian
                            Shelf Lease Areas.

                   FY85

                        A. Ocean Dumping

                          - Conduct 5th Ocean Dumping Symposium.

                          - Complete report on contaminant transfers, transformation, and
                            impacts resulting fro m dredged material disposal.

                          - Develop comprehensive methods for.risk assessment and economic
                            evaluations for ocean-dumped waste material.

                          - Develop comprehensive methods for risk assessment and economic
                            evaluations for ocean-dumped waste material.

                        B.  OCS Oil and Gas Development

                          - Prepare FY84 Annual Report and FY86 Plan for MMS.

                                                     11-216

                  DOC/NOAA                                                      FY 1983 UPDATE

                        - Conduct synthesis meetings and prepare reports for current
                           lease areas.

                        - Prepare extended monitoring plans for Alaskan OCS area.

                  Estimated Funding (in thousands $)

                     FY82       FY83      FY84     FY85*

                    $5,931     $3,683    $3,000    $484

                   Presidential budget submission

                  Program Contact

                       Dr. Douglas A. Wolfe
                       Ocean Assessments Division N/OMS33
                       11400 Rockville Pike, Rm. 664
                       Rockville, MD 20852
                       (FTS) 443-8698

                                         Strategic Assessment Program

                       This program is carried out by the Strategic Assessment Branch (SAB)
                  of the Ocean Assessments Division, Office of Oceanography and Marine
                  Services, National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric
                  Administration.

                       Through its Strategic Assessment Program, SAR conducts comprehensive
                  interdisciplinary assessments of multiple ocean resource uses for the
                  Nation and its major coastal and ocean regions to determine marine resource
                  development strategies which will result in maximum benefit to the Nation
                  with minimum environmental damage or conflicts among uses. To accomplish
                  this goal, SAB evaluates existing and projected ocean resource demands, in
                  terms of levels of use, resource availability, pollution discharge,
                  potential environmental impacts and use conflicts, and maintains compre-
                  hensive national inventories of coastal and ocean resources and their
                  existing and proposed uses. SAB develops strategic assessment methods
                  and maintains an operational capability with which to evaluate the envi-
                  ronmental and economic effects of national policies and management strat-
                  egies affecting coastal and ocean resources.

                       A series of five regional assessments of.the entire U.S. Exclusive
                  Economic Zone (EEZ) has been initiated to identify significant resource
                  use conflicts before they occur. SAB is currently worki-ng on regional
                  assessments of the Gulf of Mexico, and Bering, Chukchi, and Beaufort Seas.
                  A regional assessment has been completed for the east coast. Data collec-
                  tion for the west coast will be initiated this year. Two important
                  components of the Strategic Assessment Program are the development and
                  maintenance.of a national coastal pollution discharge inventory and an
                  automated data base on the spatial and temporal distribution of the life
                  history of living marine resources in the EEZ. These assessments are
                  unique within NOAA because of their comprehensive national focus.

                                                    11-217

                   DOC/NOAA                                                      FY 1983 UPDATE

                   Objectives

                        The marine pollution related objectives of the program are to:

                        -  Identify and quantify present or potential pollution related    ocean
                           resource use conflicts for the Nation;

                        -  Collect and synthesize information on coastal and ocean pollution
                           discharges in the Nation's coastal and ocean regions to assist
                           decisionmakers in developing and evaluating resource management
                           strategies; and

                        - Develop an operational national level capability to enable assess-
                           ment of significant marine pollution and resource use management
                           strategies in a timely, comprehensive, and cost effective manner.

                   Milestones

                   FY 1983

                        - Initiate expansion and update of east coast and west coast compon-
                           ents of National Coastal Pollutant Discharge Inventory.

                        -  Complete analysis of operational discharges of oil from marine
                           transportation sources for the east coast.

                        -  Complete estimates of sludge production in municipal wastewater
                           treatment plants in the Nationts coastal zone.

                        -  Complete development of operational framework for identifying and
                           evaluating alternative ocean dump sites.

                        -  Complete development-of framework for developing a National Estuarine
                           Inventory.

                   FY 1984

                        - Submit Gulf of Mexico Data Atlas to printer.

                        - Complete data summaries and documentation for the Gulf of Mexico
                           component of the National Coastal Pollutant Discharge Inventory.

                        -  Complete computer entry and edit of Gulf of Mexico component of
                           Living Marine Resource Data Base.

                        -  Complete revisions of living marine resource maps for Bering,
                           Chukchi, Beaufort Seas assessment.

                        -  Initiate living marine resource data collection for the west coast
                           and Gulf of Alaska.

                        -  Complete analysis of operational discharges of oil from marine
                           transportation sources for the west coast.

                                                       11-218

                  DOC/NOAA                                                       FY 1983 UPDATE

                       - Complete development of surface pollutant transport model for the
                         West coast.

                       - Complete development of "simple" subsurface pollutant transport.
                         for the east coast.

                       - Initiate data collection and synthesis for developing a National
                         Estuarine Inventory.

                       - Initiate data collection and synthesis    for a national assessment
                         of marine recreation values.

                  FY 1985

                       - Complete east coast component of National    Coast Pollutant Discharge
                         Inventory.

                         Complete data-collection and national assessment of marine recrea-
                         tion values.

                         Complete development of major components of National Estuarine
                         Inventory.

                         Complete computer entry of Bering, Chukchi, and Beaufort Seas
                         component of Living Marine Resource Data Base.

                         Initiate data collection for nonliving marine resource-data elements
                         for West Coast Data Atlas.

                  Estimated Funding (in thousand $)

                       FY82      FY83     FY84      FY85*

                       $600      $1,374  $1,734    $1,900

                    Presidential budget  submission

                  Program Contact

                  Dr. Daniel J. Basta
                  Ocean Assessments Division N/OMS31
                  11440 Rockville Pike, Rm. 600
                  Rockville, MD 20852
                  (FTS) 443-8843

                                   Hazardous Materials Spill Resonse Program

                       The Hazardous Materials Response Program is a participant in the
                  National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan, which
                  was formulated in accordance with the Federal Water Pollution Control Act,
                  to coordinate response by departments and agencies of the Federal Government
                  in an effort to protect the environment and minimize damage from pollutant

                                                      11-219

                   DOC/NOAA                                                     FY 1983 UPDATE

                   discharges. NOAA has the lead in developing scientific plans and coordina-
                   ting scientific input related to spills occurring in coastal waters, the
                   200-mile fisheries economic zone, and the Great Lakes.

                   Goal

                        The goal of the project is to protect regions of the United States
                   coastal zone from adverse impacts which may result from major spills of
                   oil and other hazardous.substances.

                   Objectives

                        The objectives of the project are to:

                        - Provide the National Response Team, Regional Response Teams, and
                          on-Scene Coordinators with highly qualified scientific assistance
                          in mitigating or preventing the human health, environmental, and
                          socio-economic impacts of spills of oil or hazardous substances;

                        - Develop and establish appropriate plans and procedures for dealing
                          with scientific aspects of spills of oil and hazardous substances
                          of major concern;

                        - Provide scientific assistance in assessing the environmental and
                          socio-economic damage resulting from such spills; and

                        - Maximize the research advantage offered by spill situations,
                          especially opportunities for research which will improve future
                          response capabilities.

                   Milestones

                        A major activity within the FY82-85 period will be the development of
                   scientific plans or upgrading of existing scientific response plans for
                   various regions of the United States coastal zone. Development of such
                   plans include the following:

                   FY 1983

                        - Train response personnel in hazardous material operations involving
                          most commonly spilled substances.

                        - Place response personnel in each of the coastal regions relative
                          to local U.S. Coast Guard Districts.

                        - Fully equip response personnel for field sampling and analysis
                          of hazardous materials.

                        - Expand the listing of high risk substances information on proper
                          response measures for response personnel.

                                                      11-220

                  DOC/NOAA                                                          FY 1983 U13DATE

                  FY 1984

                        -  Develop scientific response plans   for the ports of Anchorage,
                           Seattle, San Francisco, New Orleans, Miami, Norfolk, Portland
                           (Maine), and Chicago.

                        -  Expand training of spill response personnel to include additional
                           hazardous substances.

                        -  Conduct dispersant use workshops in Federal Regions 2, 3, 4, 9
                           and 9 Oceania.

                        -  Develop rapid and effective on-scene analytical techniques to
                           detect human exposure to toxic chemicals.

                        -  Establish professional computer communications and information
                           management expertise for the use of regional personnel.

                  FY 1985

                        -  Continued development and support of Scientific Support Coordinators'
                           (SSC's) capabilities in each U.S. Coast Guard District.

                        -  Application of a methodology which results in the identification and
                           ranking of problems associated with toxic chemical intrusion into
                           U.S. coastal waters.

                        -  Modify "off-the-shelf" analytical equipment to meet the requirements
                           of emergency spill responses.

                        -  Continued development and expansion of NOAA's sytem. for providing
                           chemical and toxicological information in support of Federal spill
                           response efforts.

                        -  Develop computerized Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) maps.

                  Estimated Funding (in thousand $)

                       FY82    FY83     @FY84      FY85*

                       $932   $1,305    $1,500    $1,400

                    Presidential budget submission

                  Program Contact

                  Mr. John H. Robinson
                  Ocean Assessments Division N/OMS34
                  7600 Sand Point Way, N.E.
                  BIN C15700
                  Seattle, WA 98115
                  (FTS) 446-6273

                                                       11-221

                   DOC/NOAA                                                    FY 1983 UPDATE

                                       National Marine Pollution Program

                        The National Marine Pollution Program Office (NMPPO), a staff office
                   to the Assistant Administrator for Ocean Services and Coastal Zone Manage-
                   ment, is concerned with the coordination of ocean pollution research,
                   development, and monitoring programs supported by all Federal departments
                   and agencies. NMPPO conducts these activities in response to the mandate
                   of the National Ocean Pollution Planning Act (Section 4).

                   Goal

                         The goal of NMPPO is to improve the planning and coordination of
                   ocean pollution research programs conducted by all Federal agencies
                   and departments. NMPPO facilitates the coordination of activities among
                   16 Federal agencies to assure that national research needs related to
                   ocean pollution are appropriately addressed by the overall Federal program,
                   and that unnecessary duplication and overlap are avoided.

                   Objectives

                        NMPPO has two major programmatic objectives. The first objective
                   is to periodically revise the National Marine Pollution Program Plan.
                   This involves compiling and analyzing information on all ocean pollution
                   programs supported by Federal agencies. The interval between National
                   Plans is 3 years.

                        NMPPO's second objective is to increase the effectiveness of the
                   National Program by coordinating and facilitating the implementation of
                   recommendations in the National Marine Pollution Program Plan. This is
                   accomplished through a variety of mechanisms such as developing implemen-
                   tation strategies, working closely with individual agency representatives
                   to assure progress, and providing "seed money" and a contracting umbrella
                   for efforts supported by several concerned agencies.

                   Milestones

                        Future efforts by NMPPO will focus on two major areas: (1) plan
                   preparation; and (2) implementation of recommendations. The activities
                   related to plan preparation involve describing and analyzing Federal progr 8
                   and are performed on a continuing basis. Specific tasks in this area are:

                        � Review and update the Federal Plan every 3 years. The third plan is
                          due to Congress in September 1985. In preparation for the third plan,
                          a workshop on national marine pollution was be held in the Spring of
                          1984.

                        � Revise the Program Summary every year.

                        � Revise the Project Catalog every year.

                        Activities in the implementation area change depending on the selection
                   of recommendations included in the current Plan, and progress made toward
                   implementing recommendations. Tasks in this area for FY 1984 and FY 1985
                   include:

                                                     11-222

                  DOC/NOAA                                                          FY 1983 UPDATE

                        o Evaluate needs for further research on long-term effects of OCS
                          oil and gas development.

                          Determine ocean pollution research requirements related to
                          increasing coal use and export.

                        o Develop an interagency Action Plan for Ocean Dumping Research kind
                          Monitoring

                        0 Develop an  interagency Action Plan for Radioactive Waste Disposal
                          Research.

                        o Conduct an  assessment of quality assurance programs used by Federal
                          agencies for making chemical measurements, and implement recommen-
                          dations for standardization and coordination.

                        These objectives address the most important recommendations in the
                  Federal Plan for FY 1981.- FY 1985. Recommendations that will appear in
                  subsequent Federal plans cannot be specifically identified at this time.
                  However, it is likely that implementation efforts during FY 1985 - FY 1989
                  will include the following:

                        � Implement the recommendations of the study on long-term effects
                          of OCS oil and gas development.

                        � Coordinate the implementation of an interagency monitoring program
                                                                                              n'
                          for assessing the status of coastal and estuarine areas in the U.S.

                        � Promote implementation of Action Plans for Ocean Dumping and
                          Radioactive Waste Disposal.

                  Estimated Funding (in thousand $)

                        FY82      FY83     FY84*     FY85**

                        $680      $692    $1,263    $1,263

                    Starting in   FY 1984 the Ocean Pollution Data Information Network
                     is combined  with the National Marine Pollution Program (see page
                     11-253)

                      Presidential budget submission

                  Program Manager

                        Dr. Andrew Robertson
                        National Marine Pollution Program Office N/MPP
                        Room 610, Rockwall Bldg.
                        11400 Rockville Pike
                        Rockville, Maryland 20852
                        301-443-8823, FTS 443-8823

                                                       11-223

                   DOC/NOAA                                                        FY 1983 UPDATE

                                 Deep Seabed Mining Environmental Research Program

                         Public Law.96-283, The Deep Seabed Hard Mineral Resources Act of 1980
                   requires NOAA to establish a program to encourage and regulate the explor-
                   ation and commercial recovery of hard mineral resources of the deep seabed
                   by U.S. citizens. It gives the Administrator of NOAA the responsibility
                   for issuance of licenses and permits for the exploration and commercial
                   recovery of these resources, and for the development of regulations for
                   the protection of the marine environment, conservation of natural resour-
                   ces, and preservation and safety of life and property at sea. It also
                   directs the Administrator of NOAA to " ... expand and accelerate the
                   program assessing the effects on the environment from exploration and
                   commercial recovery activities; including sea based processing and the
                   disposal at sea of processing wastes ... " to support the regulatory frame-
                   work.

                         The Deep Ocean Mining Environmental Study (DOMES), which was completed
                   by NOAA in September 1980, provided a broad characterization of the area
                   of potential mining in the Pacific Ocean, a first-order predictive capability
                   relating to the impacts from mining and the framework within which to
                   refine predictions and assessments of potential environmental impacts.
                   NOAA also has performed research on nodule processing activities to
                   permit the assessment of potential onshore and near-shore effects.
                   During the period of FY 1982 - FY 1985, NOAA's research will focus on the
                   potential long-term impacts from deep seabed mining and from the development
                   of an effective monitoring strategy.

                   Program Description

                   Goal

                         The goal of this research program is to provide relevant and timely
                   scientific information to enable government decisions to be made regarding
                   the mining of hard mineral resources in the deep ocean in an environmentally
                   sound manner.

                   Objectives

                         The major program objectives during FY 1982 - FY 1985 are to improve
                   predictions of potential adverse impacts from mining through:

                         - Improvement in plume modelling, both surface and benthic.

                         - Better definition of environmental characteristics in the area of
                           potential mining and analysis of the potential change in these
                           characteristics that would result from mining activities.

                         - Development of models for assessment of benthic impact.

                         - Study of an area that has been impacted by test mining.

                         - Evaluation of the feasibility of simulating a small-scale, benthic
                           mining "impact."

                                                       11-224

                 DOC/NOAA                                                     FY 1983 UPDATE

                 Previous Work

                      Since the DOMES program was completed in 1980, NOAA has primarily
                 concentrated its marine enviornmental efforts on literature analyses and
                 laboratory experiments addressing both marine environmental effects and
                 issues associated with waste disposal. Recently completed work has sug-
                 gested that at sea disposal of nodule processing wastes may be a viable
                 option, pending more complete analysis of the waste characteristics and
                 the location where disposal is being considered. The surface discharge
                 resulting from onboard separation of the nodules from the sediment appears
                 to sink more rapidly than originally predicted due to a larger component
                 of larger, denser particles and agglomerates. Pycnocline accumulation of
                 the fine particles in the discharge was suggestd as a potential problem,
                 but appears, after laboratory measurements were made of settling veloci-
                 ties of mining particles, not to be a real concern. Feeding inhibition
                 of larval billfish and tuna by increased suspended matter concentrations
                 does not appear to be likely due to the high dilution that occurs upon
                 discharge and the characteristics of these fish that would likely mitigate
                 such an effect.

                      As a result of these efforts, NOAA's primary.research has shifted
                 from the water column effects to evaluation of the severity of the benthic
                 impact and effective means to,assess impact. In FY 1982, NOAA funded the
                 National Academy of Sciences' Ocean Policy Committee to conduct an anlysis
                 of the scientific-validity of the concept of "stable reference areas."
                 These areas are required-by law to be negotiated with other potential
                 mining nations to serve as a reference zone against which the impact of
                 mining can be assessed. They are also to serve as a preserve for the
                 maintenance of representative biota of the deep seabed. The Academy
                 conducted four meetings during FY 1982 and FY 1983 and issued a final
                 report in December 1983 presenting their recommendations. This report
                 states that the concept is scientifically valid if two types of areas are
                 defined, one for assessment purposes, the other for preservation of
                 biota. The report also lays out a research program to develop the infor-
                 mation base to better define an effective assessment or monitoring program
                 and to identify characteristics of areas for preservation. The majority
                 of.NOAA's deep seabed mining research in the next five years will be
                 directed toward the benthic research recommended in this report,

                 Milestones

                 FY 1982

                      - Complete evaluation of the at-sea waste disposal option.

                      - Refine mining plume dispersion model through laboratory studies.

                      -.Initiate evaluation of stable reference area  concept.

                      - Evaluate the potential for adverse effects on larvae, of  commercial
                        fisheries from deep seabed,mining.

                      - Complete analysis of the potential  adverse effects on zooplankton
                        as a result of trace metal uptake.

                                                   11-225

                   DOC/NOAA                                                     FY 1983 UPDATE

                   FY 1983

                        - Complete analysis and characterization of manganese processing wastes
                          for the evaluation of onshore and offshore disposal options.

                        - Complete laboratory work determining settling velocity spectra for
                          representative mining discharges.

                        - Deploy equipment to measure near-bottom currents and suspended
                          sediment concentrations.

                        - Complete meetings on stable reference area concept and scientific
                          implementation.

                        - Initiate field study of recovery of area following test mining.

                        - Initiate development of models to better define important parameters
                          to sample for assessing benthic impact and to predict benthic
                          successional patterns that may be expected following mining impact.

                        - Initiate further analyses.of benthic samples collected in area of
                          potential mining.

                        - Initiate analysis of feasibility of conducting a small-scale, con--
                          trolled benthic impact study, simulating benthic mining plume
                          effect.

                   FY 1984

                        - Complete evaluation of benthic recovery  at test mining area.

                        - Analyze benthic current and nephelometer data collected over one
                          year in area of potential mining.

                        - Continue sampling and successional model development.

                        - Continue benthic sample analysis.

                        - Continue analysis of feasibility of controlled impact study.

                        - Begin study evaluating settling velocity spectra of abyssal sediments.

                   FY 1985

                        - Continue analyses of benthic samples.

                        - Continue development of models.

                        - Continue evaluating feasibility of controlled impact study.

                        - Evaluate alternative remote sensing strategies for monitoring seabed
                          mining environmental effects.

                                                      11-226

                 DOC/NOAA                                                      FY 1983 UPDATE

                 Estimated Funding (in thousand $)

                      FY82     FY83      FY84     FY85*

                      $450     $591               $530

                   Presidential budget  submission

                 Program Contact

                      Dr. Jean Snider
                      NOAA/Division of Ocean Minerals and Energy (N/ORMl)
                      2001 Wisconsin Ave., N.W. Suite 105
                      Washington, D.C. 20235.
                      (FTS) 653-8257

                                   Ocean  Thermal Energy Conversion Program

                      The Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Act of 1980 (P.L. 96-320) authorizes
                 NOAA to develop and implement a lice.nsing.pro,gram for commercial ocean
                 thermal energy conversion (OTEC) facilities and plantships. In response
                 to that mandate, NOAA established the Office of Ocean Minerals and Energy
                 (OME) office that now resides within the Office of Ocean and Coastal
                 Resource Management, National Ocean Service. OME is responsible for
                 NOAA's OTEC program responsibilities as well as those assigned to NOAA by
                 the Deep Seabed Hard Mineral Resources Act of 1980 (P.L. 96-283).

                      The OTEC legislation assigned to NOAA three specific areas of
                 responsibility: regulation development and licensing, compliance monitoring,.
                 and environmental research and assessment.

                      OTEC Regulation Development and Licensing -- NOAA was given the
                 responsibility to develop the OTEC licensing regime required.by P.L. 915-320,
                 including the issuance of draft and final licensing regulations, and to
                 operate a unique "one-stop" program for licensing OTEC facilities and
                 plantships.

                      OTEC Compliance -- NOAA is charged with responding to the requirements
                 of P.L. 96-320 regarding,monitoring of OTEC licensees' activities and
                 ensuring compliance with the terms, conditions, and restrictions of OTEC
                 licenses and other statutory requirements applicable to OTEC construction,
                 ownership, location, and operation.

                      OTEC Environmental Research and Assessment     NOAA is responsible
                 for meeting the requirements of Section 107 of the Act regarding protection
                 of the environment. This includes preparing and submitting to the Congress
                 the OTEC environmental effects assessment program plan required by the Act;
                 initiating environmental effects studies in those areas where uncertainties
                 threaten to impede orderly development of the U.S. OTEC industry; and
                 analyzing environmental information and preparing environmental impact
                 statements so as to make informed decisions on individual OTEC facilit,
                 and plantship license applications.

                                                    11-227

                   DOC/NOAA                                                    FY 1983 UPDATE

                   Goal

                        The goal of the environmental segment of the OTEC Program is to develop
                   the scientific and technical information necessary to provide for pro-
                   tection of the marine and coastal environment and to minimize any adverse
                   environmental impact which might occur as a consequence of the commercial
                   development of ocean thermal energy conversion facilities and plantships
                   under the legal requirements mandated by the Ocean Thermal Energy Conver-
                   sion Act.

                   Objectives

                        The objectives are to:

                        � Determine any short-term and long-term effects on the environment
                          which may occur as a result of the operation of OTEC facilities and
                          plantships;

                        � Determine the nature and magnitude of any oceanographic, atmospheric,
                          weather, climatic, or biological changes on the environment which may
                          occur as a result of deployment and operation of large numbers of
                          OTEC facilities and plantships;

                        � Determine the nature and magnitude of any oceanographic, biological,
                          or other changes in the environment which may occur as a result of
                          the operation of electric transmission cables and equipment located
                          in the water column or on or in the seabed, including the environ-
                          mental hazards of accidentally severed cables; and

                        � Determine whether the magnitude of one or more of the cumulative
                          environmental effects of deployment and operation of large numbers
                          of OTEC facilities and plantships requires that an upper limit be
                          placed on the number or total capacity of such facilities or plant-
                          ships to be licensed under P.L. 96-320.

                   Accomplishments

                        Section 107 of the OTEC Act of 1980 required NOAA to initiate a program
                   to assess the effects on the environment of ocean thermal energy conversion
                   facilities and plantships. Furthermore, a plan for carrying out this
                   program was required. The development of an environmental effects research
                   plan commenced in FY 1981; after a number of revisions, the plan was finalized
                   and published in June, 1982. The plan identifies general research needs
                  .and identifies priorities and the associated budget needs for FY 1981-FY 1983.

                        Also initiated in FY 1981 was a study to define screening procedures
                   that would aid in assessing the completeness of the environmental assess-
                   ments in an application for a commercial OTEC license. The final report
                   outlines methods for quick assessments of the hydrodynamic influence of
                   OTEC plants, and identifies screening procedures based upon biological
                   and other concerns.

                                                     11-228

                  DOC/NOAA                                                      FY 1983 UPDATE

                       Two environmental studies were initiated in FY82: a study to deter-
                  mine the regional influence of an OTEC operation, and a study to begin to
                  identify the potential risk to commercial and recreational fisheries of
                  OTEC operations. These two topics were identified in the environmental
                  effects assessment research plan as being of high priority. The results
                  of the "regional influence" study will provide NOAA with a   *basis for .
                  defining the area within which one OTEC plant might be expected to impinge
                  on the operation of another OTEC plant (Section 102 (3)(1)), and for
                  determining physical-chemical perturbations to the water column that
                  could result in biological effects. The fisheries study is a synthesis
                  of existing information that may have pertinence to OTEC operations, and
                  an extrapolation to possible impacts on fisheries. The key concerns here
                  will be entrainment and impingement, biocide usage, seawater redistribu-
                  tion, and attraction and avoidance. NOAA believes that there is existing
                  information on these topics, gained from other coastal activities such as
                  conventional and nuclear-fueled power plant operations, that has applica-
                  tion to OTEC operations. The synthesis of this information will provide
                  a-first step in assessing,the potential risk to fisheries of OTEC opera-
                  tions, and in defining the detailed requirements of future research
                  efforts.

                  Milestones

                    FY83

                       o Continue study of water mass redistributions and the regional
                         influence of OTEC operations.

                       o Complete initial study of the potential risk to commercial and
                         recreational fisheries of OTEC operations.

                    FY84

                       o Complete study of water mass redistributions and the regional
                         influence of OTEC operations.

                       o Initiate additional studies on the impacts to commercial and
                         recreational fisheries of OTEC operations (based on results of
                         the FY82-83 study).

                    FY85

                       � Continue studies on the impacts to commercial and recreational
                         fisheries of OTEC operations.

                       � Initiate monitoring studies of any operating OTEC   plants.

                                                     11-229

                    DOC/NOAA                                                    FY 1983 UPDATE

                    Estimated Funding (in thousand $)

                        FY82     FY83     FY84     FY85*

                        $208     $288     $125     $125

                       Presidential budget submission

                    Program Contact

                         Dr Edward P. Meyers
                         NOAA/OME (N/ORMl)
                         Washington, D.C. 20235
                         (FTS) 254-3483

                                              Chesapeake Bay Program

                         In FY 1983 and FY 1984 the Congress made available to NOAA special
                    appropriations for use in long-term monitoring, research and management
                    activities pertaining to the Chesapeake Bay. These funds have been
                    granted as a Coastal Zone Management Interstate Grant$ under Section 309
                    of the Coastal Zone Management Act, to the Maryland Department of Natural
                    Resources (DNR), acting on behalf of the members of the Chesapeake Bay
                    Implementation Committee.

                         Entities receiving funding under the FY 1983 award include the
                    Maryland DNR, Maryland Sea Grant, the Virginia Marine iesources Commission,
                    the Virginia Institute of Marine Science, and Pennsylvania's Susquehanna
                    River Basin Commission. These funds were spent to procure a VAX 11/780
                    computer system and other ADP equipment for the monitoring program, for a
                    juvenile fish survey in the Upper Chesapeake, the reformatting of
                    Pennsylvania's juvenile fish data, and monitoring activities in the Upper
                    Bay. The Maryland DNR is preparing another Section 309 grant application
                    .on behalf of the Committee for use of FY 1984 funds.

                    Goal

                         The improvement of the Chesapeake Bay-and its resources.

                    Objectives

                         Support of research, monitoring and management activities necessary
                    to meet this goal.

                    Milesto nes

                         - Completion.of FY 1983 projects by June 30, 1984.

                         - Award of FY 1984 grant funds by June 30, 1984.

                                                      11-230

                  DOC/NOAA                                                       FY 1983 UPDATE

                  Estimated Funding (in thousand $)

                       FY82      FY83.    FY84      FY85*

                        $0       $250     $300       $0

                    Presidential budget submission

                  Program Manager

                       Joseph A. Uravitch, Manager
                       Great Lakes and South Atlantic Regions
                       Coastal Programs Division
                       NOAA/N4tional Ocean Service
                       3300 Whitehaven Street, N.W.
                       Washington, D.C. 20235
                       (202) 634-4124

                       Measurement Systems Development and Engineering Services Program

                       This program is designed to provide NOAA with the necessary technology
                  and engineering for meeting its mandate of conducting a comprehensive and
                  coordinated ocean pollution research, development, and monitoring program.
                  The major functions of the program are to advance technology, engage in
                  engineering development and research, and provide engineering support to
                  NOAA and other Federal agencies.

                       implicit in NOAA's mission to assess the impact of pollution on
                  ocean, coastal, and Great Lakes ecosystems is the measurement of pollutant
                  levels and determination of how environmental conditions influence their
                  distribution and concentration. Therefore, the technology development
                  goals of NOAA are directed toward improving measurement capabilities,
                  which in turn improve NOAA's effectiveness in responding to its ocean
                  pollution mission.

                  Goal

                       The goal of the program is to assure that the observational equipment
                  and systems provide the most effective response to the stated missions of
                  NOAA's pollution-related research and monitoring programs.

                  Objectives

                         Develop and demonstrate new and improved experimental in situ
                         chemical measurement sensors and techniques (i.e., enzyme-pollution
                         detector; profiling dissolved oxygen sensor; and automated in situ
                         sampler for trace organics).

                                                      11-231

                    DOC/NOAA                                                     FY 1983 UPDATE

                    Accomplishments - FY 1982

                         - Miniature dissolved oxygen (D.O.) sensors have been fabricated
                           with membrane coatings to evaluate the effect of this coating,
                           particularly with respect to water flow sensitivity. Testing had
                           commenced and is expected to be completed in early FY 1983. A
                           pressure chamber was fabricated to evaluate the effect of pressure
                           on sensor perform@ance. Tests began at the University of Rhode
                           Island for completion in FY 1983. All the required laboratory
                           tests on a profiling D.O. system have been completed.

                         - The development of a breadboard for the biodetection (enzyme)
                           system has been completed and tested. The enzyme chosen (G6PD) is
                           a dehydrogen that has a sensitivity to selected metal. Other
                           members of this class should not require the lengthly experimenta-
                           tion necessary for immobilization and use.

                         - A prototype automated in-situ trace organic sampler was devel-
                           oped, and testing of programming and mechanical parts were complet-
                           ed at the manufacturer's plant as specified. Evaluation of several
                           collector materials at Florida Institute of Technology (FIT) has
                           shown XAD-2 and Tenax resins to be superior in collecting properties
                           to other materials for general analytical properties.

                         - A study contract was awarded to EG&G to develop a systems-analysis
                           approach for determining optimal mix or "mixes" of observational
                           platforms and techniques necessary to perform those observations
                           required in the conduct of NOAA's marine pollution-related measure-
                           ment programs.

                    Milestones

                    FY 1983

                         - Complete tests of new porous membrane materials and multiple cathode
                           geometrics for reduction of sensitivity to flow and the effect of
                           pressure on sensor performance.

                         - Completed the first three phases of a four-phase program designed
                           to determine the optimal mix of monitoring platforms and techniques.
                           The first phase will consider pollution monitoring data requirements
                           relative to objectives. The second phase identifies alternative
                           measurement options, and the third deals with the design of.a
                           statistically valid monitoring scheme. The final phase will trade
                           off the options within the scheme and determine the "optimal" mix
                           or mixes of observational platforms and techniques necessary to
                           produce the required data.

                         - Evaluate the capability of the laser raman spectroscopy technique
                           to measure several selected marine pollutants.

                                                       11-232

                  DOC/NOAA                                                       FY 1983 UPDATE

                  FY 1984

                         Determine limits of detection of selected pollutants, phenols, by
                         the laser-raman technique.

                  FY 1985

                       - Determine precision and  accuracy  of the laser-raman technique;
                         design a shipboard unit; and perform at-sea trials.

                  Estimated Funding.(in thousand  $)

                      FY82     FY83      FY84     FY85*

                      $560       $10      $40     $100

                    Presidential budget submission

                  Program Manager

                       Mr. Robert J. Farland
                       NOAA/N/OMS41
                       Ocean Systems Division
                       Rockville, MD 20852
                       (FTS) 443-8026

                                       National Marine Sanctuaries Program

                       The National Marine Sanctuary Program was established in 1972 to
                  carry out Title III of the Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries
                  Act (P.L. 92-532), which authorizes the Secretary of Commerce to designate
                  ocean waters as national marine sanctuaries for the purpose of preserving
                  or restoring their conservation, recreational, ecological or esthetic
                  values. The Program is managed by the Sanctuary Programs Division (SPD)
                  in the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management (OCRM).

                       The Program presently manages six national marine sanctuary sites:
                  USS MONITOR (North Carolina), Gray's Reef (Georgia), Key Largo (Florida),
                  Looe Key (Florida), Channel Islands (California) and Point Reyes-Farallon
                  Islands (California). Research investigations at each site address resource
                  management issues.

                       A major investigation sponsored by SPD at Key Largo National Marine
                  Sanctuary addresses marine pollution issues. A multi-year interdisciplinary
                  research project is underway to develop a hydrodynamic water quality model
                  of the Sanctuary and surrounding areas. The research program centers on
                  the investigation of the following: (1) spatial and seasonal water circulation
                  patterns; (2) water quality parameters; and (3) community metabolism. The
                  long7term data sets (since 1980 and continuing) used to generate the model
                  include measurements of current speed and direction, water temperatures,
                  tidal elevation, meteorological conditions, dissolved oxygen, phosphate,
                  nitrate, ammonia, PH, turbidity and salinity. Estimates of primary production

                                                     11-233

                    DOC/NOAA                                                      FY 1983 UPDATE

                    and respiration are being calculated based on field measurements of carbon
                    dioxide flux. The sanctuary environment will continue to be monitored to
                    verify and fine-tune the model over time. The model will enable SPD to
                    predict the behavior of the environment in response to natural as well as
                    pollution events. Production runs of the model which simulate environmental
                    events, such as oil spills, pesticide dumping, and increased turbidity
                    will be performed.in FY 1984 to identify early warning signs, and to plan
                    management responses in the event that adverse conditions occur.

                    Goal

                         A majo r goal of the Program is to promote and coordinate research,
                    to expand scientific knowledge of national.marine sanctuaries and to
                    improve management decisionmaking.

                    Accomplishments - FY82-83

                         - Data from a two-year (continuing) water circulation study in Key
                           Largo National Marine Sanctuary have been used to identify
                           mechanisms by which water quality of the sanctuary can be altered.

                         - Water quality and community metabolism data are being analyzed
                           and, coupled with circulation data, are being incorporated into a
                           hydrodynamic water quality model.

                    Milestones

                    FY 1983

                         - Collect circulation, water quality and community metabolism data
                           in Key Largo National Marine Sanctuary and surrounding areas.

                         - Incorporate field data into a hydrodynamic water quality model.

                    FY 1984

                         - Conduct a workshop in the Key Largo area to identify environmental
                           scenarios for production runs of the model.

                         - Calibrate and verify'the model and perform production runs of
                           environmental scenarios.

                         - Identify sites and parameters for long-term monitoring and for
                           fine-tuning the model.

                    FY 1985 and Beyond

                         - Use the model to predict the behavior of the sanctuary environment
                           in response to natural and pollution events.

                                                       11-234

                 DOC/NOAA                                                       FY 1983 UPDATE

                 Estimated Funding (in thousand $)

                       FY82     FY83     FY84      YY85*

                        $75     $111      $65       $35

                   Presidential budget submission

                 Program Contact

                       Dr. Nancy Foster
                       Chief
                       Sanctuary Programs Division, NOAA/NOS
                       Washington, D.C. 20235
                       (FTS) 634-4236

                                       Coastal Zone Management Programs

                       As a result of the Stratton Commission Report of 1969, the Congress
                 established the Coastal Zone Management Program (CZMP) through the pas,sasge
                 of the Coastal Zone'Management Act'of 1972 (CZMA). The Congress believed
                 tha*t'the key to effective coastal resource management was to encourage!
                 coastal states to exercise their full constitutional authority over land
                 and waters by voluntarily developing and implementing Federally approved
                 state coastal zone management programs.

                       On the national level the CZMP and its associated Coastal Energy
                 Impact and OCS State Participation Programs    created by the 1976 and 1978
                 amendments to the CZMA, are administered by the Office of Ocean and
                 Coastal Resource Management (OCRM) of NOAA's National Ocean Service. OCRM's
                 basic functions are to participate in the development, approval, and
                 continuing review and evaluation of state CZM programs, to provide
                .technical assistance on coastal resource management issues, and to provide
                 Federal funds to assist states in their management of coastal land and water
                 uses.

                       From 1974 through 1979 thirty-five oceanic and Great Lakes states
                 @and territories received 80% matching funds to develop CZM programs.
                 To date 28 state CZM programs have received Federal approval. Virginia is
                 seeking Federal approval in 1984. Non-participating states are Georgia,
                 Illinois, Indiana, Minnesota, Ohio, and Texas.

                       Once approved, state programs are eligible-for 80% matching grants
                 for state program administration and projects. Projects usually are under-
                 taken on a state-wide planning level or to meet specific local problems
                 and are concentrated in nearshore and estuarine locations. Among these
                 activities are projects related to ocean and Great Lake pollution problems.
                 Specific activities have included: oil spill contingency planning; studies
                 of chronic hydrocarbon leakages in anchorage areas; the effects of coal
                 leachates on water quality and living resources; solid waste disposal studies;
                 dredged material productive use and disposal studies including long-term
                 monitoring of beach nourishment areas; toxic substance level analyses; and
                 thermal pollution studies.

                                                     11-235

                     DOC/NOAA                                                       FY 1983 UPDATE

                          Actual funding for pollution-related projects is difficult to determine
                     since CZM program emphasis varies from state to state. However, almost
                     all states spend at least some portion of their funds on these activities.
                     For purposes of this report a level of 5% of appropriations is assumed to
                     be spent on pollution-related work.

                     Goal

                          The goal of the CZM programs is to support the national interest in
                     the effective management, beneficial use, protection and development of
                     the coastal zone and its resources.

                     Objectives

                     State

                          - Provide effective management of the coastal land and water resources
                            of the state.

                     Federal

                          - Assure that existing state CZM programs continue to adequately
                            perform the functions required to retain Federal program approval.

                          - Assist states seeking to develop Federally approvable coastal
                            zone management programs.

                     Milestones

                          - Twelve month grants will be awarded to the 28 states with approved
                            CZM programs from January 1984 through September 1984.

                          - Assuming receipt of program approval, Virginia will receive a CZM
                            grant in September 1984.
                          - Reviews of state CZM programs are conducted on a continuing basis.
                            The OCRM should be contacted for information pertaining to specific
                            states.

                     Estimated Funding* (in thousand $)

                          FY82      FY83     FY84      FY85**

                          $1,650    $350    $1,050      $0

                       Based on an  assumed spending rate for pol:lution studies of 5% of available
                       appropriations

                        Presidential budget submission

                                                         11-236

                  DOC/NOAA                                                        FY 1983 UPDATE

                  Program Manager

                       James P. Burgess, Acting Chief
                       Coastal Programs Division
                       Office of Ocean and r-oastal Resource Management
                       NOAA/National Ocean Service
                       3300 Whitehave'n Street, N.W.
                       Washington, D.C. 20230
                       (202) 634-1672

                                                   Ship Support

                       The Office of Marine Operations of the National Ocean Service of
                  NOAA manages the NOAA fleet and coordinates fleet support for NOAA's
                  marine pollution research and monitoring activities. Traditionally, ship-
                  support services are provided for activities managed by the Outer
                  Continental Shelf Environmental Assessment Program (which is otherwise
                  funded by the Minerals Management Service of DOI), the Coastal and Estuarine
                  Assessment Program, the Ocean-Use Impact Assessment Program, Deep Seabed
                  Mining Environmental Research Program, Measurement Systems Development and
                  Engineering Servic *es Program, the Habitat Investigation Program, and the
                  Environmental Research Laboratories Ocean Pollution Studies Program.

                       The NOAA ships involved recently in support of these activities include
                  the: DISCOVERER, RESEARCHER, SURVEYOR, MILLER FREEMAN, ALBATROS IV,
                  McARTHUR, PEIRCE, and WHITING. During FY 1983, 451 ship days were devoted
                  for marine pollution work; for FY 1984 the estimated ship-days are 437
                  days.

                  Estimated Funding (in thousand $)

                       FY82       FY83'    FY84     FY85*

                      $8,899    $6,349    $5,988   $5,000

                    Presidential budget submission

                  Program Contact

                       R.Adm. Robert C. Munson
                       Director, Office of Marine Operations
                       NOAA/NOS
                       6010 Executive Blvd.
                       Rockville, MD @0852
                       Tel: FTS 443-8321

                                                      11-237

                   DOC/NOAA                                                      FY 1983 UPDATE

                       Environmental Research Laboratories (ERL) Ocean Pollution Studies

                        ERL conducts a program of pollution assessment and research in oceanic
                   waters at the Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML)
                   and the Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL). These laboratories
                   conduct process-oriented research to improve our understanding of natural
                   oceanic systems and the ecological impacts of human-induced stresses on
                   these systems, and problem oriented research to develop improved assessment
                   capabilities, including environmental prediction models. This later
                   research seeks to improve our understanding of the environmental mechanisms,
                   particularly in coastal regions, that determine how contaminants enter
                   marine waters; how these contaminants are transformed, transported, and
                   stored; how their concentrations vary with space and with time; and how
                   they effect the ecosystem. This research is intended to provide a scien-
                   tific basis for management decisions associated with the development and
                   utilization of marine resources. The program focuses on coastal regions
                   and estuaries, and is supporting programs managed by the Ocean Assessments
                   Division (OAD) of the National Ocean Service (NOS).

                        ERL's marine pollution program has the following objectives:

                        �    To improve understanding of, information on, and ability to model
                             those system processes that relate to transport dynamics and fate
                             of toxic organics, trace metals, and nutrients.

                        �    To determine the major controlling factors of trace metal speci-
                             ation in marine waters and the effects that spatial and temporal
                             variations in the kinds, speciation, and amounts of trace metals
                             have on critical ecosystem processes controlling productivity.

                        �    To improve the theoretical and empirical understanding of coastal
                             and continental shelf transport processes, with application to
                             decisions affecting oil and gas development, fisheries, mineral
                             extraction and marine waste disposal.

                        �    To determine the chemical and physical mechanisms of pollutant
                             transport by particulates in coastal waters and estuaries; and
                             determine the budget, residence times, and fates of selected
                             pollutant compounds in these systems.

                        �    To develop improved ecosystem models applicable to coastal waters
                             and estuaries in order to trace the pathways of toxic organics
                             and trace metals, and to simulate ecosystem responses to varying
                             nutrient loadings.

                        �    To develop, test, evaluate, and apply marine pollution manage-
                             ment modeling and improved environmental systems engineering
                             methods to: (1) Estimate pollutant loading, (2) Estimate environ-
                             mental information and impacts on uses, and (3) Organize the
                             environmental information for decision purposes.

                        These objectives are consistent with the goals and objectives of NOAA's
                   Marine Pollution Program Plan.

                                                     11-238

                  DOC/NOAA                                                    FY 1983 UPDATE

                       Marine pollution research at AOML is an integral part of that lab-
                  oratory's program in marine assessment. A major goal is to develop all
                  understanding of ocean processes, their variations, and effect of these
                  variations on ocean resources, especially living marine resources.
                  Present research at AOML is of two types: (1) Generic research programs
                  such as Transformation and Assimilation of Pollutants by Natural Processes
                  (TAP), and Pollutant-Particle Relationships in the Marine Environment
                  (P-PRIME); and (2) Application of the results of these generic programs
                  to recognized or perceived marine pollution programs, such as the disposal
                  of sewage sludge in the New York Bight.

                       Chemical and biological research at AOML seeks to determine which
                  natural or pollutant derived organic materials in seawater complex toxic
                  or essential trace metals, and what effect such complexing has on marine
                  productivifty. The work, which is conducted cooperatively with the
                  National Marine Fisheries Service/Southeast Fisheries Center under partial
                  NOS sponsorship, focuses on the synergistic effects of natural and pollutant
                  organic matter and bioactive metals on the food web.

                       Geochemical research at AOML investigates the mechanisms by which
                  particulate matter in marine ecosystems functions in the transport and
                  removal of pollutants. The research program focuses on.large river-ocean
                  interfaces (e.g. the Mississippi outflow), and is designed to test the
                  hypothesis that major river outflows can effectively deal with large
                  pollutant loadings because of packaging of the pollutants by particles,
                  rapid sedimentation, and burial. The research is attempting to determine
                  the efficiency of this packaging, the permanence of removal of pollutants
                  from the water column to the sea floor sediments, and the magnitude of
                  fluxes back to the overlying water column. Efforts thus far have focused
                  on the Mississippi River outflow and the nearby Gulf of Mexico. Pollutants
                  of primary interest are lead, cadmium, toxaphene and dioxins. Special
                  emphasis is being placed on learning the effects of the recent decline in
                  amounts of tetraethyl lead in gasolines on fluxes of lead to the ocean via
                  rivers.

                       Biological and chemical research in AOML's marine pollution program
                  is supplemented by concomitant physical transport studies, and the
                  development of improved instrumentation for the measurement of physical
                  parameters. Special emphasis has been placed on the development of
                  acoustic measurement techniques, such as Doppler current meters and
                  suspended sediment profiling systems.

                       At PMEL emphasis is on understanding the complex physical and
                  geochemical processes that determine the extent of human impact on the
                  marine environment. Although the geographic focus of these studies has
                  been the Pacific Northwest and Alaskan coastal and estuarine waters, the
                  scientific knowledge acquired and methodologies developed are applicable
                  to other marine systems.

                       Research conducted by PMEL on the fates of trace elements in estuarine
                  and coastal environments determines the mechanisms involved in the
                  flocculation of trace metals in estuarine and coastal marine waters,
                  determines their remobilization rates from sediments, and develops first-
                  order models for maintenance of dynamic equilibrium for trace metals in

                                                    11-239

                    DOC/NOAA                                                       FY 1983 UPDATE

                    estuaries. Studies of particulate transport processes delineate the
                    interplay between fluid and material fluxes in the estuarine and coastal
                    environment and develop predictive models of pollutant transport useful
                    for resource management decision. Research on organics in estuarine
                    systems determines the fate and transport pathways of volatile and sus-
                    pended organics in coastal and estuarine systems.

                         Research in the Puget Sound-Strait of Juan de Fuca system has been
                    underway for several years. These studies are leading to a better
                    understanding of the Sound's ability to accommodate pollutant inputs.
                    Many pollutants adhere to and move with particles, and ultimately are
                    buried or transported out of the Sound along with particles. The
                    emphasis of much of PMEL's research, therefore, has been on particle
                    transport and fate. PMEL also conducts research on water circulation
                    and mixing in Puget Sound in order to gain a better understanding of the
                    physical processes important in determining the capacity of Puget Sound
                    to accommodate municipal and industrial wastes from the growing urban
                    complex.

                         Work is presently underway at PMEL to create a demographic, economic,
                    and environmental data base that will provide some guidance on the likely
                    input of pollutants over the last eight decades of the Puget Sound region's
                    industrialization, and thereby make possible forecasts of future trends.

                         PMEL research in Alaska has focused on defining the environmental
                    conditions that may affect or be affected by future petroleum exploration
                    and development on the Outer Continental Shelf. The results of this research
                    are also being applied to the fisheries of the region'in an attempt to
                    understand better the effects of the environment on fish recruitment.
                    Studies along the north side of the Aleutian Peninsula have been conducted
                    to determine the potential role of particulates in transporting spilled
                    crude oil.

                    Milestones

                    FY83

                               Determine the effect of regulatory controls on anthropogenic
                               sources of lead and lead transport to the ocean via the
                               Missi@sippi River.

                         -     Preliminary assessment of bulk transport of pollutant-laden
                               particulates in southern main basin of Puget Sound.

                         -     Completion of demographic model of Puget Sound Estuary
                               watershed

                         -     Refinement and submission for publication of box model of
                               circulation and water exchange in Puget Sound main basin

                         -     Improve understanding of flushing characteristics of Puget
                               Sound through quantitative estimates of water.exchange rates at
                               entrance sill

                                                        11-240

                 DOC/NOAA                                                       FY 1983 UPDATE

                 FY84

                            Complete test of the hypothesis that Poverty Bay is a major
                            sink for particulate-born pollutants in the main basin of
                            Puget Sound.

                            Validate box  model estimates:of pollutant residence times in
                            the southern  main basin of Puget Sound.

                       -    Develop  crude mass balance,for petroleum hydrocarbons in the
                            surface waters of the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea.

                       -    Continue development and testing of acoustic Doppler current
                            meter.

                       -    Measure rate of production of natural organic modulators of
                            free metal activity in seawater in boreal waters.
                 FY85

                       -    Prov ide improved forecasts of pollutant loading-in Puget Sound,
                            based on demographic model and box model estimates    of pollutant
                            loading.

                       -    Begin interpretation of effects of pollutants and    disturbance
                            on bottom sediments and biological communities in Puget Sound.

                       -    Complete study of the New York Bight Apex and-apply the model
                            developed in the TAP/Food Chain Dynamics program to problems in
                            dredge spoil and sewage slude dumping.
                 FY 86-87

                       -    Commence pilot studies to develop a-strategy for determining
                            the coastal ocean's capability to accombdate specific pollutant
                            inputs.

                       -    Apply results of research on pollutant-particle relationships
                            in the Mississippi Delta to other river outflows and adjacent
                            coastal waters.

                 Estimated  Funding (in-thousand

                       FY82     FY83      FY84     FY85*

                       $2,490  $1,768    $1,978   $1,978

                   Presidential budget submi  ssion

                 Program Managers

                       Dr. Herbert Curl                  Dr. Donald Atwood
                       NOAA/PMEL                         NOAA/AMOL/OCBL
                       3711 15th Ave. N.E.               4301 Rickenbacker Cswy.
                       Seattle, WA. 98105                Miami, FL. 33149
                       (FTS) 446-6208                    (FTS) 350-1374

                                                     11-241

                    DOC/NOAA                                                     FY 1983 UPDATE

                         Environmental Research Laboratories Great Lakes Pollution Studies

                         The Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL) conducts
                    a program of research on the physics, chemistry, and biology of the Great
                    Lakes and their connecting channels. One element of the GLERL program is
                    the Great Lakes Pollution Studies, which consist of: (1) Process studies
                    to improve our understanding and prediction of the impact of pollutants on
                    the lakes; and (2) Problem-oriented research to develop improved
                    engineering prediction models. The entire Great Lakes system (including
                    the deep portions of the lakes as well as the nearshore areas) is of
                    concern.

                    Goal

                         The goal of the Great Lakes Pollution Studies is to provide needed
                    information through research to help maintain or improve the quality and
                    usefulness of the Great Lakes.

                    Objectives

                         The objectives of the Great Lakes Pollution Studies are to:

                         � Develop improved and useful ecosystem models applicable to the
                           Great Lakes to understand system processes related to the con-
                           centrations, locations, decay rates, residence times, and eventual
                           sinks of toxic organic compounds and nutrients and to trace the
                           pathways and determine the fate of synthetic organics and nutrients.

                         � Develop, test, evaluate and apply lake pollution management modeling
                           and improved environmental systems engineering methods:

                           - to estimate loading of synthetic organics and nutrients from
                             point and area sources through both water and atmospheric path-
                             ways; and,

                           - to organize the environmental information for decision-making
                             purposes.

                         � Provide an advisory service on pollution in the Great Lakes for
                           planning, operationalL, and decision-making organizations.

                    Significant Accomplishments Through FY83

                         � A multidisciplinary "state-of-the-art" document on phosphorus
                           cycling was prepared. Based on that document, a five-year research
                           plan for nutrient cycling studies was developed.

                         � Ecosystem models demonstrated the importance of zooplankton in
                           supplying nutrients to phosphorus-limited phytoplankton in the,
                           Great Lakes.

                                                       11-242

                DOC/NOAA                                                       FY 1983 UPDATE

                      o Large (>0.5 mm in length) sediment animals (macrobenthos) were
                        demonstrated to reflect polluted conditions more effectively than
                        smaller animals (meiobenthos) in the Great Lakes.

                      o Uncertainty analysis was applied to ecosystem models; this allows
                        managers to quantify the potential errors associated with environ-
                        mental models.*

                      o Thermal bars were shown to be unimportant barriers for offshore
                        transport of nearshore contaminants.

                      o The potential importance of benthic animals to regenerating nutrients
                        from lake sediments was demonstrated.

                      o Microscale heterogeneity in phytoplankton uptake of nutrients excreted
                        by zooplankters was experimentally demonstrated.

                      o Equilibrium models predicting the distribution of an organic
                        contaminant based on the contaminant's solubility and a physical.
                        description of the ecosystem.

                      o Improved understanding and prediction of equilibrium partition
                        coefficients as a function of the concentration of substrate was
                        developed.

                      o Estimates of the resuspension rates of sediments and calculations were
                        made of the flux of reentrained PCBs in Lake Michigan.

                      o Estimates of bioconcentration of contaminants by benthic organisms,
                        along with rates and depths of bioturbation.

                      o A model was constructed of the horizontal movement of sediment
                        associated contaminants under the influence of wind driven currents.

                      o Improved estimates of photodecomposition rates of.selected PCB and
                        PAH congeners in lake water were developed.

                      o Laboratory measurements of the partitioning of PAR's   and PCB'  s
                        between dissolved and particle bound phases for sediment-pore Water
                        matrices show very high concentrations in the dissolved phase;
                        these contaminants appear to desorb near the sediment-water interface
                        and to form stable associations with the natural dissolved organic
                        matter in this region.

                      o Laboratory studies of intact sediment cores indicatedthat
                        significant quantities of nutrients were released from aerobic
                        sediments.

                      o A toxic substances model for easy.implementation by managers
                        was developed and refined.

                                                    11-243

                   DOC/NOAA                                                        FY 1983 UPDATE

                        �  The composition of the soluble reactive phosphorus pool in lake
                           water was shown to be heterogeneous, free orthophoshate is often
                           an order of magnitude lower than indicated by chemical measurements,
                           and the major fraction of the soluble reactive phosphorus pool is
                           unavailable for immediate use by microorganisms.

                        �  Temporal and spatial variations in the meiobenthos of nearshore
                           Lake Michigan were documented.

                        �  The patterns and rates of nitrogen (ammonium and amino acids)
                           release by Great Lakes benthic invertebrates were quantified and
                           compared to phosphorus release rates for the same animals.

                        �  New Microchemical techniques were developed and adapted to measuring
                           nutrient regeneration in small systems containing water, sediments, and
                           organisms.

                        �  Diffuse and point-source loads of various forms of phosphorus,
                           nitrogen, chloride, and suspended solids were estimated for
                           Lake Superior.

                        �  PAH compounds, such as benzo(a)pyrene and anthracene, have been
                           shown to form complexes with naturally occurring organic matter.

                   Milestone-s

                      FY84

                        -  Complete study of chemical composition and decomposition pathways
                           of phosphorus pool in Lake Michigan.

                        -  Identify and quantify important biological nutrient regeneration
                           processes.

                        -  Develop detailed phosphorus cycling model.

                        -  Complete chemical analyses and model calibration for the high
                           sediment accumulation regions of the Great Lakes.

                        -  Complete study of rates and effects of complexation of toxic
                           organics by naturally occurring organics.

                        -  Complete development of nearshore ecosystem model.

                      FY85

                        -  Complete field study of benthic community structure, comparison
                           with historical surveys, and evaluation of long-term pollution
                           effects in Lake Michigan.

                        -  Complete a two dimensional time dependent toxic cycling and
                           transport model.

                                                       11-244

                 DOC/NOAA                                                    FY 1983 UPDATE

                      - Complete model of time dependent sorption process.

                      - Complete calibration of nearshore ecosystem model to simulate and
                        predict water quality and ecosystem changes in lakes.

                      - Develop and apply a management oriented model with focuses on
                        pollution problems in nearshore areas of the Great Lakes.

                      - Assess the long-term significance to society of accumulations of
                        toxic materials in the depositional areas of the Great Lakes.

                 Interagency Interactions

                      GLERL is interacting with a wide variety of other agencies, both
                 public and private, in the field of pollution research on a continuing
                 basis. For example, interactions with the U.S. Coast Guard are frequent
                 in conjunction with activities on oil and pollution spill models. Research
                 on particle dynamics will become more and more important to the U.S. Army
                 Corps of Engineers due to their interest in the disposal of dredged spoil
                 as more is learned of the processes involved through GLERL studies. The
                 Environmental Protection Agency has funded a major data collection effort
                 on Lake Erie. Other work with EPA involve@s measuring PCB loads in Lake
                 Michigan. Sample sharing, intercalibration, data transfer and consultation
                 are involved. Canadian agencies such.as the Canada Centre for.Inland
                 Waters are integrally involved with nearly all of the efforts listed.

                 Estimated Funding (in thousand $)

                      FY82     FY83     FY84     FY85*

                     $2,478   $2,262   $2,478     $0

                  Presidential budget submission

                 Project Manager

                      Dr. Eugene J. Aubert, RD/RF24
                      Director, GLERL
                      NOAA
                      Ann Arbor, MI 48104
                      (FTS) 378-2244

                 Grants

                                      Sea Grant Ocean Pollution Program

                      The Sea'Grant Program was established under the National Sea Grant
                 College Act of 1966and transferred to NOAA from the National Science
                 Foundation in 1970 by Reorganization Plan No. 4.

                      The National Sea Grant Program is a cooperative Federal/State
                 Program and as such one-third of the tota 1 program funds must be from
                 non-Federal (State or local government, or industry) sources. Only the

                   DOC/NOAA                                                    FY 1983 uPDATE

                   total grant must meet matching requirements, consequently, individual
                   projects-may contain more or less matching funds depending on the amount
                   of nonfederal suport available.

                        The basic goal of the National Sea Grant Program is to encourage
                   the wise utilization of the nation's marine resources through application
                   of academic expertise in locally directed and coordinated research, educa-
                   tion, and advisory service programs designed to meet local, regional,
                   and national needs.

                        The Sea Grant Ocean Pollution Program, funded by the National Program,
                   is intended to solve pollution problems which have a direct impact on
                   state and local activities in fisheries, recreation, and overall resource
                   management. Funding is provided to selected colleges and universities
                   throughout the nation to meet these needs. Based upon present budget
                   proposals, this program will be eliminated in FY 1985.

                        Research projects on pollution caused by industrial waste disposal,
                   municipal waste disposal, energy development and extraction efforts, and
                   recreational usage, among others, are presently supported by this program.
                   Pollutants under study include synthetic organics, petroleum products and
                   their components, radionuclides, heavy metals, nutrients, and human
                   pathogens. Due to the current emphasis on pollution problems caused by
                   synthetic organics (toxics), it is likely that the Program will shift during
                   the FY 1984-1986 period toward a greater research effort concerning the sources,
                   fate and effect of these compounds, provided funding is available. Research
                   on the behavior of human pathogens in the marine environment will also be
                   given additional emphasis during this period.

                        To respond to the most pressing needs, future marine pollution research
                   is likely to be concentrated in the Great Lakes, and the major estuaries
                   of the East Coast and Gulf regions.

                   Goal

                        The Sea Grant Ocean Pollution Program is responsive to the National
                   Sea Grant goal discussed above.

                   Objectives

                        The objectives of Sea Grant sponsored research in ocean pollution
                   are to:

                        - Develop understanding of critical marine pollution problems which
                          threaten the development and utilization of marine resources;

                        - Develop and test in cooperation with marine industries the various
                          alternatives for handling and disposing of their industrial wastes
                          that threaten the marine environment; and

                                                     11-246

                  DOC/NOAA                                                      FY 1983 UPDATE

                       - Cooperate with state and  local governments on research to develo  p
                         understandings of marine  problems that threaten public interests
                         in the marine environment.

                  Milestones

                       Individual research projects sponsored by Sea Grant may range from
                  one to five years; with three year projects being most common. The
                  proposed FY 1985 budget eliminates the National Sea Grant Program. Thus,
                  research funds for this program will be withdrawn beginning with FY 19,85.

                  Estimated Funding (in thousand $)

                      FY82     FY83     FY84      FY85*

                     $2,091   $1,797   $1,833      $0

                  Program Coordinator

                       Dr. William F. Graham
                       NOAA/RD/SG
                       Rockville, MD  20852
                       (FTS).443-8926

                                       National Fishery Ecology Program

                       The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) has responsibility by
                  Congressional mandate for conserving and managing fishery stocks of the
                  outer continental shelf. Several legislative acts, including the Fishery
                  Conservation and Management Act of 1976, require the Secretary of Commerce
                  to initiate comprehensive programs of fishery research including the im-
                  pacts of pollution on the abundance and availability of fishery resources.
                  The Fishery Ecology Program within NMFS conducts research directed toward
                  understanding the effects of man-induced and natural changes on the
                  abundance, distribution and health of living marine resources of commer-
                  cial and recreational importance. Laboratory and field research investi-
                  gations are c6nducted on (1) The environmental requirements of living
                  marine resources from reproduction, growth, and other ecological param@_
                  eters and (2) The impacts of human activities (contaminant inputs and
                  physical alterations) on habitats.

                  Goals

                       The goal of the program is to:

                         Provide high quality research products designed to fulfill user
                         needs for the conservation and management of living marine resour-
                         ces and their habitats.

                                                     11-247

                   DOC/NOAA                                                       FY 1983 UPDATE

                   Objectives

                         The objectives of the program are to:

                         - Understand the effects of pollutants on living marine resources;

                         - Develop methods for assessing the viability of fishery stocks and
                           habitats;

                         - Develop methods for predicting the effects of man's activities on
                           marine ecosystems and their components;

                         - Understand effects of physical perturbations on coastal ecosystems;

                         - Develop efficient systems for transfer and dissemination of habitat
                           and marine pollution information.

                   Northeast Fisheries Center

                         The northeast region has extensive urban and industrial development.
                   There are diverse point and non-point pollutant discharges in the estuarine
                   and nearshore environment, and extensive ocean disposal of wastes, including
                   dredged material, sewage sludge, and industrial materials. The region
                   utilizes enormous energy resources and is currently undergoing rapid growth
                   in energy exploration and development.

                         Key components of the program are studies of physiological, biochemical,
                   and behavioral effects of key pollutants such as heavy metals, petroleum
                   hydrocarbons, and other organic toxic substances such as PCBs and DDT.
                   Pollutant effects on genetic mechanisms, relationships between principal
                   pollutants and disease, and effects of pollution and environmental degra-
                   dation on individuals, populations, and community structure are also
                   being studied. Goals and objectives have been established to address the
                   impacts that these activities have on coastal and shelf fishery resources.

                   Goals

                           Conserve and effectively manage living marine resources by providing
                           a comprehensive research program on the effects of marine pollution
                           on living marine resources;

                           Maintain an assessment of the health of coastal marine ecosystems of
                           the northeastern United States, and

                           Provide information necessary to wisely manage multiple uses of marine
                           habitats now and in the future in the Northeast.

                   Objectives

                         - Determine the existing levels of a wide variety of contaminants
                           in water, sediments, and biota;

                                                       11-248

                 DOC/NOAA                                                    FY 1983 UPDATE

                      - Establish and maintain a historical record of data resulting
                        from other marine pollution programs in the Northeast, and foster
                        cooperation and coordination of coastal-and shelf monitoring and
                        research efforts off the Middle Atlantic and New England States;

                      - Provide timely, relevant information to planning, management
                        and regulatory groups and to the public;

                      - Determine the effects of specific human actions on the coastal
                        marine environment and its resources;

                      - Detect and provide early warnings of severe or potentially
                        irreversible changes within the coastal marine ecosystem; and,

                      - Develop and apply standard methodologies for operational
                        monitoring.

                 Milestones

                      - Conduct intensive contaminant monitoring of the New York and
                        Mid-Atlantic Bights.

                      - Issue Mid-Atlantic shelf-slope assessment (106-mile characterization).

                      - Conduct laboratory studies on the physiological and biochemical
                        effects of metals on lobsters and bivalve molluscs.

                      - Issue final report on the impact of New York Bight waste disposal
                        on secondary benthic invertebrate production.

                      - Finalize and implement the Regional Action Plan, publish planning
                        document.

                      - Finalize the third annual Northeast Monitoring Program (NEMP)
                        report on the health of the habitat.

                      - Complete publication on the incidence of pathogens in clean versus
                        polluted ocean sediments.

                      - In a cooperative effort, develop and implement an environmental risk
                        assessment program.

                 Northwest and Alaska Fisheries Center

                      Parts of the northwest region have experienced urban and industrial
                 development similar to, but not as extensive as other regions. Major
                 development has occurred in the Seattle and Puget Sound areas, with
                 resultant pollution from petroleum hydrocarbons, metals and synthetic
                 organics. Another concern is impacts on fishery habitats and resources
                 associated with petroleum exploration, exploitation, and transportation
                 in Alaskan environments.

                                                   11-249

                    DOC/NOAA                                                       FY 1983 UPDATE

                    Goals

                         - Improve abilities for identifying and measuring the sources,
                           nature and degree of marine pollution in estuarine and coastal
                           waters of the Pacific Northwest and Alaska.

                         - Use state-of-the-art methodology to assess the effects of
                           pollutants, especially petroleum hydrocarbons, on marine species
                           and ecosystems.

                    Objectives

                         - Determine acute and long-term effects of single and multiple
                           contaminant exposures on critical physiological, biochemical,
                           and behavioral functions of key marine species;

                         - Determine correlations between exposure to pollutants and
                           pathological changes in marine fish and invertebrates;

                         - Evaluate sublethal biochemical effects of contaminants on marine
                           fish and shellfish;

                         - Provide state-of-the-art analytical techniques (including inter-
                           laboratory calibration and quality assurance) for measuring
                           pollutant levels in environmental and tissue samples;

                    Milestones

                         - Conduct field studies.to determine the degree of pollution as
                           well as the extent and frequency of abnormalities in fish and
                           shellfish in northern estuarine and coastal waters.

                         - Identify pollution-related aberrations in northern estuarine
                           (e.g., Puget Sound) and coastal waters as determined from field
                           studies.

                         - Conduct laboratory studies on the effects of sediment-associated
                           marine contaminants on biota of the North Pacific Ocean.

                         - Identify chemicals found in polluted estuarine environments which
                           cause toxic effects on marine biota under laboratory conditions.

                         - Conduct studies on bioavailability, bioconcentration, and metabolism
                           of a broad spectrum of sediment-associated contaminants in
                           invertebrates and fish.

                         - Conduct research on the importance of food chain transfer of pollutants
                           and metabolites in marine biota.

                         - Conduct field investigations and laboratory studies on marine
                           organisms impacted by major accidental spills of hazardous material.

                                                        11-250

                DOC/NOAA                                                      FY 1983 UPDATE

                      - Determine the effects-of long-term exposure to oiled food and
                        oiled sediment on the reproduction of Dungeness crab.

                Estimated Funding (in thousand $)

                      FY82      FY83      FY84      FY85*

                    $3,865     $4,811    $3,975    $3,975

                  Presidential budget submission

                Project Manager

                      Dr. Dean Parsons
                      NOAA/NMFS
                      Page Building 2, Room 180
                      3300 Whitehaven Street
                      Washington, D.C. 20235
                      (202) 634-7466

                                         Microconstituents Program

                      The Microconstituents Program is designed to determine the kinds
                and levels of contaminants in the tissues of fishery products of rec-
                reational, food, and industrial use.

                      While the program focuses on the ultimate impact of contaminants
                on man, this research has many features in common with other   Federal
                programs which examine the impact of pollution on the health   of living
                marine resources.

                      The program provides three related types of information  which,
                considered together, permit a more accurate determination of.  the public
                health significance of contaminants in fish. They are: (1)     The levels
                of contaminants in fish, (2) The chemical*form and interaction of those
                contaminantsi and (3) The consumption patternsfor fishery products in
                the United States. Acute and chronic toxicological considerations are
                evaluated, through animal feeding studies, for extrapolation to the human
                situation. Synergism/antagonism, as well as nutritional aspects, are
                also considered in this research.

                      These studies are carried out at the Northwest and Alaska Fisheries
                Center in Seattle and at the Southeast Fisheries Center's Charleston
                Laboratory.

                Goals

                      The goals of this program are to:

                        identify and determine levels@ and relative human toxicity of
                       contaminants in selected fish and seafood products;

                                                   11-251

                   DOC/NOAA
                                                                             FY 1983 UPDATE

                        - Assess the significance of consuming contaminated products in
                          terms of consumer safety; and

                        - Provide information generated by the program to appropriate
                          agencies and groups having complementary responsibilities and
                          interests for consumer safety, resource management decisions,
                          and the harvesting and utilization of national marine resources.

                   Objectives

                        The objectives of the program are to:

                        - Identify and measure levels of heavy metals, synthetic organics
                          and microorganisms of public health significance in fish and
                          shellfish;

                        - Survey the levels of PCBs in selected fishery products at the
                          national level;

                        - Isolate, purify, and identify chemical/biochemical forms of heavy
                          metals accumulated in fish and shellfish tissues., including
                          determination of the toxicological and/or nutritional significance
                          of these metals when ingested in seafood;

                        - Coordinate studies dealing with ciguatera poisoning associated
                          with marine products; and

                        - Implement a national contaminant data base system.

                   Milestones

                   FY83

                        - Issued report on the value of dietary selenium as an antagonist to
                          mercury in seafoods;

                        - Issued report on the nature and extent of petroleum hydrocarbon
                          contamination of the national fishery resources;

                        - Issued assessment report on human health hazards from petroleuvr-
                          contaminated seafoods including the modifying effects of petroleum
                          hydrocarbons on other marine contaminants (organics, metals,
                          microbes).

                   FY84

                        - Develop and promote, through technology transfer, improved methods
                          for measuring viral and bacterial contamination of molluscan
                          shellfish, with emphasis on enteric viruses in oysters;

                        - Determine the significance of cadmium and mercury contamination
                          of seafoods in relation to consumer safety;

                                                     11-252

                   DOC/NOAA                                                      FY 1983 UPDATE

                        -  Develop and promote the use of, through technology transfer, a
                           sensitive test for the unambiguous detection of ciguatoxin in
                           seafoods;

                        -  Develop and maintain a comprehensive data management system for
                           storage, retrieval, and use of organic contaminants information;
                           and

                        -  Obtain baseline data on organic contaminants in selected commer-
                           cially important finfish and for shellfish species.

                   Estimated Funding (in thousands

                        FY82     FY83      FY84      FY85**

                        $181      $240      $90       $90

                      Represents amount directly related to a pollution monitoring program.
                      Presidential budget submission

                   Program Co ordinator

                        Mrs. Betty Hackley
                        National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, F/S3
                        Washington, D.C. 20235
                        (FTS) 634-7458

                                  Ocean Pollution Data and Information Network

                   Program Objectives

                        In 1978, Congress passed the National. Ocean Pollution Planning Act
                   (P.L. 95-273). Section 8 of that Act states that the Administrator of
                   the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) "shall ensure
                   that the results, findings, and information regarding ocean pollution
                   programs conducted or sponsored by the Federal Government be disseminated
                   in a timely manner and usefull form" to all interested parties. In
                   response to the mandate, the National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC) of
                   NOAA has developed the Ocean Pollution Data and Information Network
                   (OPDIN), to be completely operational by 1985. The objectives of the
                   OPDIN are: 1) To improve the-timely acquisition and processing of marine
                   pollution data and information; 2) To facilitate timely dissemination of
                   that information in useful forms; and 3) To coordinate and improve commun-
                   ication among Federal agencies, as well as state and local governments
                   and the private sector, concerning marine pollution activities. The
                   OPDIN will maximize use of existing resources; it will not replace exist-
                   ing programs or data or information systems.@

                        The network consists of the Central Coordination and Referal Office
                   (CCRO), Regional Coordination and Referal Offices (currently NODC liaison
                   offices serve as RCROs), and participating Federal agencies. The CCRO is
                   located at the NODC in Washington, D.C. The CCRO serves as the focal
                   point for disseminating data and information in useful forms from Federal

                                                       11-253

                   DOC/NOAA                                                  FY 1983 UPDATE

                   and related marine pollution activities. The RCROs provide similar
                   services and are located in coastal regions in order to promote timely,
                   local responses to requests from the different regions.

                        The CCRO, as the coordination point in the Network, is involved in
                   Network design and development tasks, and in the implementation of compon-
                   ents of an operational OPDIN, as discussed below.

                   Accomplishments/Milestones

                        - In May 1982, the Central Coordination and Referal Office
                          convened the OPDIN Planning Workshop at the National
                          Oceanographic Data Center, Washington, D.C. Participants from
                          nine Federal agencies, whose expenditures accounted for nearly
                          90% of FY 1980 marine pollution expenditures, reviewed efforts
                          to date and discussed future direction for OPDIN design. A
                          ,.straw man" conceptual design for OPDIN was presented.
                          Specific comments and recommendations from participants were
                          received and addressed. Agency participation in OPDIN
                          development and operations via membership on an OPDIN Round
                          Table was recommended.

                        To date OPDIN accomplishments under the phased implementation
                   approach recommended by the OPDIN planning Workshop include:

                        - Coordination with elements of NOAA and other agencies and the
                          private sector for adapting data processing, storage, retrieval,
                          and display technologies to support decision-making concerning
                          marine pollution problems.

                        - Completion of a Toxic Substances and Pollutant Data System
                          within NODC. This includes conversion of selected data types
                          to the NODC Toxic Substances and Pollutant data format, improved
                          quality control, and more comprehensive inventories of data
                          associated with this format. The Chemical Abstract Service
                          (CAS) chemical code system developed by the American Chemical
                          Society has been adapted for use in this format to assure
                          national acceptance for reporting pollutant concentrations.

                        - Evaluation of methods for improved data entry of nonautomated
                          pollution data through a cooperative agreement with the
                          University of Alaska. The task was completed in June 1983;
                          coordination between the CCRO and University of Alaska/RCRO
                          personnel continue for addressing scecific agency data entry
                          problems concerning marine pollution investigations.

                        - Evaluation of data synthesis techniques and microcomputer
                          applications to provide timely and useful information on
                          pollution-related activities for specific regions. A prototype
                          task by the Marine Sciences Research Center of the State
                          University of New York has been jointly funded over a two-year

                                                     11-254

                 DOC/NOAA                                                   FY 1983 UPDATE

                        period by the OPDIN and the William F. Donner Foundation, and
                        is scheduled for completion in June 1984. The portotype study
                        involves the Hudson-Raritan Estuary using an IBM Personal
                        Computer.

                      - The annual update of the automated version of the National
                        Marine Pollution Information System (NMPIS), mandated under
                        Section 4 of the Act, accomplished by NODC in cooperation with
                        the National Marine Pollution Program Office (NMPPO). This
                        system provides timely information and automated summaries of
                        Federal marine pollution activities as inputs-to the Federal
                        Plan generated by the NMPPO. Special products from NMPIS for
                        Federal and other interested parties are provided on a
                        reimbursable basis.

                      - Partial funding support for the publication and distribution of
                        the Coastal Ocean Pollution Assessment News (COPAS), a
                        quarterly newsletter supported jointly within NOAA (NOS, NMFS,-
                        NESDIS).

                      For the long-term, the CCRO is managing the developmental activities
                 directed toward a fully operational  OPDIN 'by 1985. This task has provided,
                 through contractor support an analysis of @existing systems, an OPDIN
                 guidelines and scope.document, an OPDIN conceptual design, detailed
                 systems requirements, a profile of potential OPDIN users, and a handbook
                 of Federal systems and services.. Distribution of these documents has
                 been made to NOAA and other Federal offices that are potential Network
                 participAnts4 The final components of OPDIN, as specified by the detailed
                 design requirements, will be implemented by early 1985.

                 Estimated Funding* -(in thousand $)

                     FY82     FY83      FY84     FY85

                      $5 60   $560       $0       $0

                   Starting in-FY 1984,OPDIN is combined with the National Marine
                   Pollution Program..

                 Program Manager

                      Mr. John J. Audet
                      NODC - Central Coordination and Referal Office
                      NOAA/NESDIS
                      Page Building #1, Room 430
                      2001 Wisconsin Avenue, N.W.
                      Washington, D.C. 20235
                      (202) 634-7510

                                                                                                                           Ill. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE

                                                                                      FY 1983 UPDATE

                                                DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE

                                                         CONTENTS

                                                                                                fff?e

                   DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE ORGANIZATIONAL CHART     ......................      III-iii

                   DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE PROGRAM FUNDING SUMMARY      ...................     III iv

                   U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS FUNDING EMPHASIS GRAPH       .............    III-v

                   U.S. NAVY FUNDING EMPHASIS GRAPH     ................................      III.-vi

                   U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS

                          RESEARCH/DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS     .....I.......................     III-101

                                Coastal Engineering Program     .........................     111-102

                                Flood Control and Navigation Program      ................    111-108

                                Environmental QuIllity Program   .......................      111-113

                                Satellite and Surveying,Applications Program       ........   111-129

                          DEVELOPMENT/MONITORING PROGRAMS      ..........................     111-134

                                North Atlantic Division Program    .....................      111-134

                                New England Division Program     ........................     111-138

                                South Atlantic Division Program    .....................      111-139

                                North Pacific Division Program    ......................      111-141

                                North Central Division*Program    ......................      111-143

                                Lower Mississippi Valley Division Program      ...........    111 144

                                Pacific Ocean Division Program    ..........  00.000*0.0..    111-144

                                South Pacific Division Program    ...................... .    111-146

                                Southwest Division Program     ..........................     111-147

                          FEDERAL PERSONNEL AND FACILITIES      .........................     111-147

                          PUBLIC LAWS AND EXECUTIVE ORDERS     ...............    .........   111-148

                                                                                   FY 1983 UPDATE

                     Contents (cont'd)

                                                                                           Page

                     U S. NAVY

                            MISSION STATEMENT ..........................o..............   111-201

                            FEDERAL PERSONNEL AND FACILITIES  ........-  .........o....   111-201

                             PROGRAM DESCRIPTION
                                  Environmental Prtoection Technology Program ......... .111-201

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                                                                            DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE

                                                                           PROGRAM FUNDING SUMMARY
                                                  RELATED TO OCEAN POLLUTION RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND MONITORING
                                                           HISTORICAL BUDGET AND ESTIMATED OUT-YEAR FUNDING
                                                                          FISCAL YEARS 1982 - 1985.

                                                                                                             (in Thousand $)

                                                                                        FY 82              FY 83            FY 84             FY 85
                                                                                    (Estimated)        (Estimated)       (Estimated) (Presidential)
                   Army Corps of Engineers
                       Research and Development Programs
                         Coastal Engineering Program                                    110195               940               859                 985
                         Flood Control and Navigation Program                           1V505                865               515                 330
                         Environmental Quality Program                                  3,818              4,587            490650                4,119
                         Satellite and Surveying Applications          Program            150                180               251                 235
                       Development and Monitoring Programs
                         North Atlantic Division Program                                  982                688               962                 635
                         New England Division Program                                     800                800               700                 700
                         South Atlantic Division Program                                  165                565               275                 100
                         North Pacific Division Program                                   390                245               266                 900
                         North Central Division Program                                   118                553               666                 560
                         Lower Mississippi River Division Program                            95a               50                30                  30
                         Pacific Ocean Division Program                                       5                  2                0                    0
                         South Pacific Division Program                                   213                300               555                 205
                         Southwest Division Program                                          50              100               100                 100

                   ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS TOTAL                                        99486              9,875            9,829                 8,899

                   U.S. Navy
                       Environmental Protection Technology Program                      19039              1.0125             1,820               2ploo

                   DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE TOTAL                                          109525            1111000           11,649               10,999

                a The amount reported for this program in FY 1982 differs from that reported in the FY 1982 Program Summaries
                   Update. See the program description in this section for details.

                                                         DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
                                                    U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS
                                         OCEAN POLLUTION RESEARCH AND MONITORING
                                                              FUNDING EMPHASIS
                                                              FY 1983 ESTIMATES

                                                      Generic Pollution Studies
                                  Pollutant Effects            <$0.1 M
                                          %)                    (<1%)

                                                                  Pollutant Transport
                                                                  & Transformation
                                                                        (89%)
                       Coastal
                      Activities
                        $2.2M
                        (22%)

                             Coastal Facility
                            Siting & Operation
                                 (100%)

                                                                                Marine
                                                                                Waste                            Dredged
                                                                               Disposal                           Material
                                                                                $7.3M                             (100%)
                                                                                (74%)

               Environmental
              Characterization
                  (30%)

                                                     Ecosystem Processes
                                                          & Modeling
                                                             (70%)
                 Basic Studies
                     $0.4M
                      (4%)

                                                                  III-V

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                                            DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
                                        U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS

                                         RESEARCH/DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS

                       The Chief of Engineers, under the direction and supervision of the
                 Secretary of the Army, has major and broad responsibilities in inland
                 waters, nearshore areas, and ocean environments. Therefore, it is essential
                 that the Corps undertake and manage research and development efforts to
                 meet our mission responsibilities assigned by public laws (see Section IV)
                 in a timely and efficient manner.

                 GOALS

                       The long range goal of the Corps' Research Program is to provide
                 the Corps' capability, through timely,research and development, to
                 accomplish its water resources mission and program with optimum effec--
                 tiveness, economy and safety, and with serious concern for protection
                 or enhancement of environmental values.

                       The Corps has four research areas where ocean pollution research
                 development and monitoring (OPRDM) are being conducted when ocean, estuaries
                 and the Great Lakes regions are considered under the stated program.
                 They are:

                       . Coastal Engineering

                       . Flood Control and Navigation

                       . Environmental Quality

                       . Satellite and Surveying Applications

                       Information derived from these research areas can be generally cate-
                 gorized under the following broad headings as related to OPRDM:

                         Applied reseArch/monitoring to assess the impacts of Corps Civil
                         Works activities as well as activities regulated by the Corps
                         within the coastal environment. Due to thediversity and scope
                         of the Corps Civil,Works Program, this information must be assessed
                         as'part of a broader framework to include not only protection of
                         the ocean, but also its adjacent coastal and inland environments.

                         Development and testing of cost effective as well as environment-
                         ally compatible engineering solutions and alternatives.

                         Data acq'uisition/analyses for engineering purposes, which, in turn,
                         contribute to a more effective understanding of dynamic coastal
                         processes.

                                                   III-101

                    DOD/COE                                                    FY 1983 UPDATE

                         These Corps research and development activities related to OPRDM
                    are accomplished primarily through three Corps research facilities:
                    Waterways Experiment Station (WES), Vicksburg, Mississippi; Coastal
                    Engineering Research Center, (CERC), Vicksburg, Mississippi; and the Cold
                    Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRR&L), Hanover, New Hampshire.
                    In addition, the Corps district and division offices conduct region-
                    and/or project-specific developmental research and monitoring in support
                   ,of their assigned engineering missions. These development and monitoring
                    activities are described by division office.

                                              PROGRAM DESCRIPTIONS

                                           Coastal Engineering Program

                        ,The Corps missions require coastal engineering expertise
                    in the design, construction, operation, and maintenance of three general
                    types of projects or facilities in and near the surf zones of the U. S.
                    oceanic and Great Lakes shores: harbors for small craft for commercial
                    and recreational fishing; harbors for large, ocean-going vessels for
                    coastal and international commerce; and shore and beach restoration,
                    protection, and stabilization to provide beaches, to prevent or lessen
                    erosion damage, and hurricane-induced flood damage, and to provide
                    recreation. Additionally, the Corps requires coastal engineering expertise
                    to regulate construction in the waters of the United States.

                            Under the Corps mission of protecting and restoring coastal
                    shores, consideration is given to both structural and nonstructural
                    solutions. The Corps R&D Program develops techniques, equipment, and
                    procedures for determining or predicting wave direction and magnitude,
                    interactions between shore materials, protective structures, and wave
                    forces; and the effects produced by changes in the geometric configuration
                    of bays and inlets. Examples of current activities to improve methods
                    and designs and to minimize costs of planning construction, operation
                    and maintenance functions are:

                           o  Dectease probability for loss of life and damage to coastal
                              property from storms by continuing development of improved
                              coastal flooding prediction techniques.

                           o  Investigate the effects of storms that overflow barrier islands
                              and develop guidance to assure that coastal projects are con-
                              structed with a minimum of interference with natural processes.

                           o  Develop techniques for predicting the pattern and rate of
                              shoaling in harbor entrance channels so that dredging
                              operations can be optimized.

                           o  Improve estuary water quality through improved forecasting
                              techniques for dilution of pollutants.

                           o  Optimize wave and current data collection for use in
                              design of beach and harbor improvements.

                                                      111-102

                 DOD/COE                                                    FY 1983 UPDATE

                 Accomplishments

                       Although millions of dollars are devoted by the Corps to maintenance
                 of harbor entrances and navigation channels, local governments, industry
                 and private citizens annually expend many times the cost of Corps projects.
                 The Corps, as the Federal agency charged with the mission of research
                 for coastal engineering, is a tremendous resource of information and
                 data needed by others in the design of coastal engineering works. Through
                 Corps research in coastal engineering an understanding of coastal processes
                 has been achieved. Some of the results of the Corps research program
                 which address these needs are incorporated into technical and guidance
                 documents used by the Corps and others. Examples include: Coastal
                 Engineering Manual Chapter on "Tides and Tidal Datum Planes"; Coastal
                 Engineering Technical Aids: "Users' Guide to Computing Longshore Transport
                 of Sand," "Estimation of Wave Transmission Coefficients for Overtopping
                 of Impermeable Breakwaters," "Maximum Wave Height and Critical Water
                 Depth for Irregular Waves in the Surf Zones"; guidance documents: "Energy
                 Spectra in Shallow U. S. Coastal Waters," Effects of Structure and Lake
                 Levels on Bluff and Shore Erosion in Berrien County, Michigan," "Wave
                 Transmission and Reflection Characteristics of Breakwaters," "Energy
                 Flux Method for Predicting Longshore Transport," "Engineering Characteristics
                 of Tidal Inlet Bay System," and "Calculating Bottom Friction Factors for
                 Waves." The Coastal Engineering Research Center, (CERC) located at Vicksburg,
                 Mississippi is the lead Corps laboratory for the research being
                 conducted under coastal engineering for the OPRDM program. CERC was
                 moved from Fort Belvoir, Virginia to WES, Vicksburg, Mississippi in
                 July 1983 to consolidate like functions and to improve efficiency.
                 Major revisions in the Corps research and development programs resulted.
                 The Coastal Ecology.program was transferred to the WES Environmental
                 Laboratory. The Wave Dynamics Division of the WES Hydraulics Laboratory
                 became part of CERC. Programs were combined and frequently renamed.
                 Therefore, this section has changed in organization from previous years.
                 The following work is being accomplished at CERC.

                 Inlet Bar Channel Shoaling Project

                 Goals

                      To maintain an effective navigation channel at a coastal inlet.,
                 it is usually necessary to dredge a channel. through the offshore bar.
                 Subsequent to dredging, this channel will usually be filled by deposition,
                 of sediment and it may migrate along shore in response to the dominant
                 wave and longshore current conditions. In order to effectively plan and
                 to evaluate the economics of channels dredged through offshore bars, the
                 pattern and rate of channel shoaling must be predicted for given hydro.-
                 graphic and environmental conditions.

                 Objectives

                      The objectives of this project are to review and evaluate the litera-
                 ture, and field and laboratory data on the nature and rate of shoaling of
                 channels dredged through offshore bars; to define and quantify important domi-
                 nating environmental factors such as wave climate, tide levels, inlet channel
                 flow; to develop a field data collection program to obtain any additional

                                                  111-103

                     DOD/COE                                                        FY 1983 UPDATE

                     needed data at selected inlet(s); and to develop design guidelines for pre-
                     dicting shoaling patterns and rates and for maintaining a reasonably stable
                     channel geometry through the offshore bar.

                     Milestones

                           FY 82

                           Efforts will commence to collect existing field data on channel
                           shoaling and to initiate collection of additional field data as
                           necessary to improve design procedures.

                           FY 83

                           Field data collection will continue. Evaluation of existing field
                           data will be completed.

                           FY 84

                           Field data collection will be completed.

                           FY 85

                           Workshop, October 1987.
                           The final report will be completed and published, October 1987.
                           Coastal Engineering Technical Aid on Inlet Bar Channel Design, October
                           1987.

                     Littoral Data Collection Methods and their Engineering Application Project

                     Goals

                           Present methods of data collection and analysis do not refine salient
                     features of coastal climate sufficiently for coastal engineering design
                     purposes. Additionally, present design methodology does not address
                     probabilistic nature of data collected. Benefits derived would be
                     better estimates of sand transport for sand bypassing and coastal structure
                     design, improved ability to ascertain project costs (by improved shoaling
                     or accretion rates), and reduced structure costs due to better design.

                     Objectives

                           Develop new data collection and analysis techniques for visually and
                     instrumentally obtained surf, longshore current, and sand transport data.
                     Develop and refine methods of applying data collection results to the
                     solution of sand bypassing and coastal structure design problems.

                                                         111-104

                 DOD/COE                                                      FY 1983 UPDATE

                 Milestones

                       FY 83

                       CETA - Coastal Algorithms  II - Jan. 8:3.
                       CETA - Coastal Algorithms  III - Aug. 83.

                       FY 84

                       TP - Statistics of Longshore Energy Flux - May 84.
                       TR - Directional Wave Gage (DPG) - Ma, 84.
                                                             .7
                       TP - Sand Transport Distribution - Sept. 84.

                       FY 86

                       TR - Directional Wave Analysis for Sand Transport Computation      Sept.
                       86.
                       TR _ Time Series Forecasting of Wave Statistics     Sept. 86.

                 Wave Estimation for Design

                 Goals

                       To obtain accurate estimates from hindcasts and measurements of
                 all aspects of shallow water wave conditions which are important in
                 engineering work and to.understand how the estimates are beat used
                 in design, construction, operation and maintenance of coastal projects.
                 To obtain background for development of Engineering Manuals for Coastal
                 Waves and Water Levels.

                 Objectives

                       To improve the Corps capability to estimate wave conditions for
                 use in design, construction, operation and maintenance of coastal projects.

                 Milestones

                       FY 81

                       CETA digital Bathymetric Pata  Oct. 81; CETA Depth-Limited Wave
                       Energy - Nov. 81; CETA Energy  Losses -- Nov. 81; Documentation
                       Wave Transformation Programs    Mov. 81; CETN.Wave Height Parameters
                       - Dec. 81; TR Irregular Wave Models Dec. 81.

                       FY 82

                       TR Wave Groups Aug. 82; TR Depth-Limited Wave Height     Aug. 82;
                       Documentation Directional Spectrum Program June 82.
                       Workshop Nearshore Current Modeling - June 82.

                                                    111-105

                      DOD/CORPS                                                      FY 1983 UPDATE

                            FY 83

                            CETA DHI Model Dec. 83; Workshop Wave Groups - Sept. 83; Workshop
                            Directional Spectra - Sept. 83.
                            Workshop Shallow Water Wave Height Estimation - Sept. 83.

                            FY 84

                            CETN Automated Analysis of Radar Imagery - Aug. 84; Workshop
                            Automated Radar Analysis - Sept. 84; Workshop Modeling Shallow
                            Water Waves - Sept. 84.

                            FY 85

                            CETA Narrow Fetches Nov. 84; CETA Wave Height Distribution         Jan. 85;
                            Documentation Shallow Water Growth Model - Aug. 85.

                            FY 86

                            CETA Shallow Water Design Curves     Oct. 85; Workshop Irregular   Waves in
                            Design - Nov. 85; CETN Radar for Directional Spectra       July 86;
                            Workshop Narrow Fetches - Nov. 85.

                            FY 86

                            Documentation Hurricane Wave Model - Oct. 86; Workshop Hurricane
                            Wave Model - June 87.

                            FY 87

                            Documentation Hurricane Wave Model Oct. 86; Workshop Hurricane
                            Wave Model June 87.

                      Nearshore Waves and Currents

                      Goals

                            For inlei design, beach protection, and harbor design, it is essential
                      that coastal engineers be able to predict sediment transport in the coastal
                      zone. The mean current's induced by waves and wind stresses in shallow
                      water provide in many instances the major mechanism for the transport
                      of sediment, pollutants and other constituents In shallow coastal waters.
                      The currents are poorly predicted at the present time, with most predictive
                      models only including wave action.

                      Objectives

                            The objective of this work unit is to develop methods of predicting
                      wave and wind induced currents in and near the surf zone. The mean
                      currents induced by waves and wind stresses in shallow water provide in.

                                                          111-106

                DOD/COE                                                      FY 1983 UPDATE

                many instances the major mechanism for the transport of sediment, pollutants
                and other constituents in shallow coastal waters. The work unit will
                address wind and wave action and other processes which are found to be
                important will consider longshore as well as cross-shore transport models.

                Milestones

                      FY 81

                      Bibliograpy and State-of-the-art report prepared (2 volume CERC
                      reports) Sept. 81.

                      FY 82

                      Workshop Present State of Development in Nearshore Current Modeling
                      June 1982.

                      FY 83

                      CERC report on workshop Conclusions March 1983.

                      FY 84-

                      Users guide for computer model for prediction of nearshore currents
                      Narch 1984.

                      FY 85

                      Report on effects of  infra gravity waves in the surf zone Sept. 85.

                      FY 86

                      Update users guide for"model including sediment transport Sept. 86.

                      FY 87

                      Updated users guide for model including structures.

                      FY 88

                      Short course on Nearshore Current Nodels.

                Estimated Funding of Coastal Engineering Program (in thousand $)

                    FY82      FY83     FY84     FY85*

                   $1,195     $940     $859      $985

                  Presidential budget  submission

                                                  111-107

                     DOD/CORPS                                                  FY 1983 UPDATE

                     Program Technical Monitor

                          John H. Lockhart, Jr.
                          U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
                          ATTN: DAEN-CWH-D
                          Washington, DC 20314
                          (202) 272-0228
                          FTS 272-0228

                                         Flood Control And Navigation Program

                             This research area is concerned with improving cost effectiveness
                     in design, construction, operation, and maintenance of engineering works
                     for flood control, navigation, and related purposes, including channels
                     and canals, locks and dams, levees and floodwalls, channel and bank stabili-
                     zation, diversion structures, pumping stations, and hydropower plants.
                     Some examples of current activities to improve methods and designs and
                     to minimize costs of planning, construction, operation, and maintenance
                     functions are:

                           � Develop criteria for maintenance of deep-draft entrance
                             channels to assure safe navigation conditions with minimum effort.

                           � Develop guidance for channel configuration and improved safety
                             and efficiency of tows approaching navigation locks.

                           � Continue development of techniques for using recently developed
                             dredging equipment with emphasis on pumpout barges for high
                             solids concentration mixtures and field evaluation of portable
                             mini-dredging systems.

                           � Continue development of criteria for use of advance maintenance
                             overdepth and overwidth - dredging for entrance channels to
                             reduce dredging frequency.

                           � Continue development of methods for design of effective sediment
                             traps to reduce maintenance dredging in estuarine navigation
                             channels and stilling basins with focus on the side channels
                             .diversion concept.

                           � Continue development of numerical models to rapidly predict
                             navigation channels shoaling rates for use in scheduling of
                             maintenance dredging.

                          The following Flood Control and Navigation research is being per-
                     formed at the Waterways Experiment Station (WES), the Cold Regions
                     Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL), and the Coastal Engineering
                     Research Center (CERC).

                                                       111-108

                   DOD/CORPS                                                     FY 1983 UPDATE

                   Milestones

                        FY 81

                        A report describing the state-of-knowledge of shoaling processes
                        for the six study subtasks will be completed. A.research plan
                        addressing needs identified in the report will also be completed.
                        Work will be completed on field site studies.

                   Improved Dredging Methods Projects

                   Goals

                        A critical need exists to research potential improvements in
                   existing dredging methods and transmit the results of such research
                   to the field as rapidly as possible. The COE maintenance dredging
                   effort is undergoing important changes in approach and requirements
                   which make such research especially necessary.

                   Objectives

                        To investigate potential improvements in existing maintenance
                   dredging methods in support of COE Civil Works missions.

                   Milestones

                        FY 83

                        Draft Report on Hydraulic Dredging          Feb. 83.

                        ETL.on Hydraulic Dredging                   Sept. 83.

                        Information for Revision of                 Sept. 83.
                           Engineering Regulations (ER)
                           1130-2-307, Dredging Policies
                           and Practices; Input to Chapter 13
                           on EM on Deep Draft Navigation Project
                           Design; and Input to Chapter 5 of EM
                           on Inlet Stabilization and Sand Bypassing

                        FY 84

                        Report in HDPE vs. steel pipe, Sept. 84.

                        FY 85

                        Report on high density slurry flow, March 85.

                        FY 86

                        Report on flexible dredge hose, Sept. 86

                                                      111-109

                      DOD/COE                                                      FY 1983 UPDATE

                           FY 87

                           Hopper dredge load measuring instruments, Dec. 87.

                           FY 88

                           Information for revision of ER 1130-2-307, Dredging Policies and
                           Practices, Sept. 88.

                      Erosion Control of Scour During Construction Project

                      Goals

                            The work involves analytic, field, and laboratory studies of scouring
                      action near structures. Laboratory studies will be performed to determine
                      stability curves for underlayer material placed to prevent erosion.
                      Numerical models will be developed to allow the prediction of when and
                      where scour will occur, the severity of the scour, and methods to minimize
                      the scouring action. Field observations will be made of scour during
                      construction and of techniques to minimize this scour.

                      Objective

                            The objective of this work unit is to develop techniques to predict
                      the severity and minimize scouring action during nearshore construction.

                      Milestones

                         FY 82

                         Information available for ETL on Stability of Underlayer
                         Material, Sept. 82

                         FY 83

                         Computer program and Users Manual for Scour Numerical
                         Model, Sept. 83.

                         FY 84

                         Information available for ETL on Scour Prevention
                         Techniques

                         Information available for update of EM 1110-2-2904,
                         Design of Breakwaters and Jetties, Sept. 84

                      Advance Maintenance for Entrance Channels Project

                      Goals

                             In order to evaluate the effectiveness of advance maintenance
                      dredging, the effect of channel depth and width on shoaling and resultant
                      dredging frequency must be understood. All Corps dredged entrance channels

                                                         III-110

                  DOD/CORPS                                                     FY 1983 UPDATE

                  have been identified and those to which advance mintenance is applied
                  have been so designated. Historical dredging data from selected projects
                  will be analyzed to study the effect of channel depth and width on both
                  dredging frequency and volume. The feasibility of a modeling approach
                  to the problem, including physical, numerical, analytic, and empirical.
                  models, will be investigated.

                  Objectives

                        The objectives of this study are to-develop rational criteria for
                  the use of advance maintenance (overdepth and overwidth dredging) for
                  entrance channels by evaluating the effect of depth and width on dredging
                  frequency.

                  Milestones

                     FY 81

                     ETL on Present Practices, Sept. 81.

                     FY 82

                     Projects Evaluation, Sept. 82.

                     FY 83

                     Predictive Modeling Investigation, March.83.

                     Technical Report(s), Sept. 83.

                     ETL on New Estuarine Procedure ApplAd to Entrance
                     Channels, Sep 83

                     FY 84

                     Information for Revision to Maintenance Practices
                     Section of EM 1110-2-1607, Tidal Hydraulics;
                     ER 1130-2-307, Dredging Policies and Practices;
                     Chapter 9 of New EM on Deep Draft Channel Design;
                     Chapters 1, 2, 5, and 7 of new EM on Inlet
                     Stabilization and Sand Bypassing; and Channel Depths
                     Section of new EM on Small Boat Basin Design, July 84

                     ETL on Recommended Procedures, Sep 84

                  Numerical Prediction of Navigation Channel Maintenance Project

                  Coals

                         The computer code "Mathematical Model ' of EstuarialSediment Transport"
                  developed by Ariathurai, MacArthur, and Krone for the Dredged Material
                  Research Program will be enhanced to become! a general purpose sediment

                    DOD/CORPS                                                 FY 1983 UPDATE

                    transport model capable of analyzing noncohesive, as well as cohesive
                    sediment problems. The program will be documented and guidelines prepared
                    to aid field offices.

                    Objectives

                          The objectives of this study are to develop numerical prediction
                    techniques for assessing the impact of changes in sediment loads, water
                    discharges, flow hydraulics, dredging frequency, channel size, or disposal
                    techniques on the quantity of sediment being dredged and frequency of
                    dredging operation.

                    Milestones

                       FY 81

                       Report on analysis of flume experiments with cohesive
                       sediment, July 81.

                       Improved version of STUDH to model 3-D problems, July 81.

                       Hydrodynamic code compatible with 3-D version of STUDH,
                       July 81.

                       FY 83

                       Guidelines and information on use of models available for
                       ETL and EM's on Deep Draft Navigation Project Design and
                       Navigation Channel Stabilization, Sept. 83.

                       FY 84

                       ETL on Deep Draft Navigation Project Design and Navigation Channel
                       Stabilization, April 84.

                    Effectiveness of Expedient Emergency Flood Fighting Structures Project

                    Goals

                          The study will be conducted on a prototype scale basis within a
                    controlled basin. Various types and heights of expedient structures
                    will be tested for static and dynamic loading conditions that normally
                    occur during flooding. This work will be coordinated closely with district
                    and division personnel for maximum input and feedback..

                    Objectives

                          The objectives of this study are to determine the limits and
                    effectiveness of expedient'flood fighting structures and provide design
                    criteria by which they can be validated or improved.

                                                     111-112

                  DOD/CORPS                                                    FY 1983 UPDATE

                  Milestones

                     FY 82

                     Information  for ETL on design criteria of 2-ft-high concepts
                     Sept. 82.

                     FY 83

                     Information  for ETL on design criteria of 4-ft-high concepts
                     Sept. 83

                     FY 84

                     Information for ETL on design criteria of 6-ft-high concepts
                     Sept. 84

                     FY 85

                     Incremental and/or total information available for inclusion
                     in special EC or brochure and training courses, Dec. 84.

                  Estimated Funding for Flood Control and Navigation Program (in thousand $)

                       FY82    FY83      FY84     FY85*

                     $1,505     $865     $515      $330

                    Presidential budget  submission

                  Program Technical Monitor

                       James L. Gottesman
                       U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
                       ATTN:. DAEN-CWO-M
                       Washington, DC 20314
                       (202) 272-0243
                       FTS 272-0243

                                         Environmental Quality Program

                       The environmental quality research area is concerned with how the
                  construction, operation, and maintenance of Corps water resources projects
                  impact on the environment and the maintenance of national water quality
                  standards, including the Corps role in the Urban Studies Program and
                  related activities. The planning, development, and management of water
                  resources projects require R&D to assure compliance with Federal and
                  State environmental legislation and regulations at a reasonable cost.
                  Many of these recent regulations have tightened the environmental quality
                  standards and constraints on water resources projects, thereby increasing
                  the need for improved capabilities to attain and maintain this higher

                                                     111-113

                      DOD/CORPS                                                   FY 1983 UPDATE

                      and economically, the R&D program is concerned with the development of
                      techniques and procedures for assessing, evaluating, and controlling the
                      impact which activities of the Corps and urban communities have on the
                      environment. Some examples of these developments are discussed below:

                           �  Continue the evaluation of existing marsh/estuarine
                              water quality and ecological modeling techniques to determine
                              their usefulness in addressing environmental problems associated
                              with Corps activities in coastal regions, and in developing
                              improved modeling where required.
                               I

                           �  Develop guidance for Corps planners for describing the relation-
                              ship between Corps activities and measurable fish and shellfish
                              habitat value changes.

                           �  Develop methods to determine and interpret environmental
                              effects of contaminant mobility, bioaccumulation, and
                              biomagnification of toxic substances in dredged material; to
                              focus on toxic substances chemistry processes, including
                              long-term effects, techniques for sampling and measuring
                              low-level toxic substances; and to estimate pollution potential
                              of area discharges.

                           OPRDM-related research conducted under the Corps' environmental
                      quality program is primarily the responsibility of the Waterways Experiment
                      Station (WES) located in Vicksburg, Mississippi through its Dredging
                      Operations Technical Support (DOTS) Program and the Environmental
                      Laboratory. The Coastal Ecology portion of the workwas transferred
                      from the Coastal Engineering Research Center (CERC) to the WES Environmental
                      Laboratory in July 1983. The research was transferred from the Coastal
                      Engineering Program to the Environmental Quality Program at that time.
                      The research areas dealing with OPRDM are described below:

                      Erosion Control Techniques Using Plants Project

                      Goals

                           Marsh plants have been used successfully to stabilize eroding shores
                      and dredged material in many sheltered coastal areas. This has been
                      achieved in a variety of intertidal environments at a fraction of the
                      cost required for comparable structural protection. Recent studies have
                      also shown that submerged grasses (seagrasses) also stabilize bottom
                      sediments and help control shore erosion. However, little information
                      is available on site conditions which are suitable for the use of these
                      alternatives. In addition, project engineers do not have specifications
                      for the design of vegetative stabilization projects. With information
                      on site selection and design developed by this work unit, divisions
                      and districts will be able to give full consideration to these alterna-
                      tives on a project to project basis. This technology will also be
                      widely applicable to mitigation and habitat enhancement projects that
                      require the restoration of marsh and seagrass habitats.

                                                        111-114

                    DOD/CORPS                                                      FY 1983 UPDATE

                    Objectives

                         To provide a natural, inexpensive efficient method of shore erosion
                    control using coastal marsh plants and seagrasses in areas of relatively
                    low wave energy.

                    Milestones

                         FY 81

                         Literature Review "Seagrasses and Seagrass Planting Techniques,"
                         Nov. 80.

                         Workshop  "Seagrass Planting," Duck, N.C., May 81

                         FY 82

                         Workshop CERC. "Seagrass Planting," Duck, N.C., May 83.

                         FY 83

                         Coastal Engineering Technical Aids (CETA) "Sediment Trapping and
                         Wave Attenuation by Seagrasses," July 83.

                         FY 84

                         Workshop, May 84
                         TR-Atlantic Seagrass Transplanting Study, May 84.
                         CETN-Gulf Coast Seagrass Planting Methodology, April 84.
                         "Environmental Engineer Manual for Deep Draft Navigation Projects".

                         FY 85

                         Workshop, May 85
                         CETA-Gulf Coast Seagrass Planting Methodology, Jan. 85.
                         TR-Gulf Coast Seagrass Transplanting Study, April 85.
                         "Environmental Engineer Manual for Coastal Shore Erosion Control
                         and Hurricane Protection Projects,".

                         FY 86

                         Workshop, May 86
                         CETA-P4cific Coast Seagrass Planting Methodology, Aug. 86.

                         FY 87

                         Workshop, May 87.
                         TR-Pacific Coast Seagrass Transplanting Study, April 87.

                                                        111-115

                    DOD/CORPS                                                    FY 1983 UPDATE

                    Beach and Foredune Ecology Project

                    Goals

                          Beach nourishment and dune stabilization are the two most common
                    nonstructural alternatives used in coastal shore protection projects.
                    These alternatives are often less costly than structural measures and
                    are widely used by the Corps of Engineers and others. To comply with
                    NEPA Corps offices must be able to assess the environmental impacts
                    associated with beach nourishment and dune stabilization projects.
                    The Corps must be able to accurately assess the impacts of structural
                    alternatives on the barrier island ecosystem and other coastal shores.
                    Therfore, it is important that the potential effects of these activities
                    be quantified and this information made available to Corps offices
                    through workshops, guidelines, technical reports and consulting. Field
                    offices will use this technology in planning, designing and regulating
                    shore stabilization and other coastal projects.

                    Objectives

                          To define and evaluate the environmental impacts of beach nourish-
                    ment, dune stabilization and other construction upon the biotic communities
                    of barrier islands and coastal shores.

                    Milestones

                          FY 81

                          Hold a workshop in May 81 in beach nourishment guidelines.
                          Publish a Coastal Engineering Technical Note (CETN) on beach
                          nourishment in the Gulf in Sept. 81.

                          FY 82

                          Hold workshop on beach nourishment May 82.
                          Publish a CETA on evaluating beach nourishment projects, Feb. 82.

                          FY 83

                          Distribute CETN on beach nourishment - Great Lakes, Dec. 82.
                          Guidance Report on the evaluation of beach nourishment projects, Dec. 82.

                          FY 84

                          Hold a workshop on beach nourishment, May 84.
                          Publish life-history synopsis on sea turtles, especially as related
                          to beach nourishment, Sep. 84.

                          FY 85

                          Workshop, May 85
                          CETA on environmental changes associated with foredune construction,
                          (updated) Sep. 86.

                                                       111-116

                 DOD/CORPS                                                     FY 1983 UPDATE

                      FY 86

                      Workshop, May 86.
                      Publish guidance on effects of beach nourishment on nesting sea turtles,
                      Sept. 86.

                 Ecological Effects of  Rubble Structures Project

                 Goals

                       Rubble structures are ubiquitous within estuarine and coastal
                 systems. However, only a limited amount of information on the ecological
                 effects of such structures exists. This results in the inability of the
                 coastal districts to adequately evaluate construction alternatives relative
                 to environmental impacts. Coastal structures result in changes in hydro-
                 dynamic patterns, sedimentation patterns, and habitat types that in turn
                 can have a detrimental effect on aquatic biological communities. Any
                 changes in biological community structure and function resulting from
                 the construction of such structures have to be evaluated relative to
                 existing conditions in the aquatic-system, and to construction and non--
                 construction alternatives that could be employed.

                 Objectives

                      The objectives of this project are to define and quantify the
                 ecological effects of rubble groins, jetties and breakwaters in four
                 U.S. coastal areas and the Great Lakes.

                 Milestones:

                      FY 81

                      Workshop    May 81
                      CETN - Immediate Effects of'Jetty Construction at Murrells
                      Inlet, S.C. - Aug 81.

                      FY 82

                      A state-of-the-art workshop on the ecological evaluation of the effect
                      of rubble-mound construction, May 82.
                      Coastal Engineering Technical Note entitled "Guide to Evaluating
                      the Biological Effects of Weir Jetty Construction on the South
                      Atlantic Coast, " Dec. 82.

                      FY 83

                      Engineering Manual Chapter on "Environmental Impacts" in "Design"
                      of Coastal Rev6tuients, Seawalls, and Bulkheads."

                      FY 84

                      Coastal Engineering Technical Note "Guide to Evaluating the Biological
                      Effects of a Rubble Structure on the Mid-Atlantic Coast," March 84.
                      Workshop on Ecological Evaluations of Rubble Structures, May 84.

                                                    111-117

                   DOD/COE                                                     FY 1983 UPDATE

                        FY 85

                        Coastal Engineering Technical Note entitled "Guide to Evaluating
                        the Biological Effects of a Rubble Structure in the Great Lakes,"
                        March 85.

                        FY 86

                        Workshop on Ecological Evaluation of Rubble Structures, May 86.

                        FY 87

                        Workshop Summarizing Ecological Effects of Rubble Structures, May 87
                        CETN on "Biological Effects of Rubble-mound Construction on the
                        Gulf Coast."
                        CETA on "The Ecological Effects of Rubble Structures," Sept. 87.

                   Effects of Channel Deepening and Jetties on Fish and Shellfish
                   Migration Project

                   Goals

                        Coastal Jetties may interfere with the migration of fish and shellfish
                   between the inshore and offshore waters. Jetties may stop or delay the
                   normal migration into coastal bays and estuaries at critical periods in the
                   life history of these organisms. Delays may result in concentrating the
                   animals and subject them to high mortality because of increased vulner-
                   ability to predators.

                   Objectives

                        The objectives of this project are to determine how widening and
                   deepening inlet channels and building Jetties affect the migration of
                   commercial and sport species of marine fish and shellfish in and out of
                   coastal estuaries, and to quantify the ecological effects where possible.

                   Milestones

                        FY 81

                        CETN on sampling methodology for evaluating fish movement across the
                        weir of a weir-jetty.

                        FY 83

                        "Annotated Bibliography on the Biological Effects of Constructing
                        Channels, Jetties, and Other Coastal Structures," Jan. 83.

                        FY 84

                        Coastal Engineering Technical Note entitiled "Guide to State-of-the-Art
                        Methods for Evaluating Effects of Channel Deepening and Jetties on Fish
                        and Shellfish Migration," Oct. 84.

                                                     111-118

                DOD/CORPS                                                         FY 1983 UPDATE

                      FY 85

                      Coastal Engineering Technical Note on "Ilse of Coastal Species
                      Proffles.for evaluating Ecological Effects of Channel Deepening
                      and Jetties, " Nov. 84

                      FY 86

                      CETA entitled "Evaluation of    Effects of Channel Deepening and Jetty
                      Construction on Fishand Shellfish Migration, Jan. 86.
                      Workshop, July 86 to discuss CETA.

                                  Dredged Material Research and Development

                      Under Section 404 of Public Law 92-500 (Clean Water Act) and Section 103
                of Public Law 92-532 (Ocean Dumping Act) the CE is responsible for permitting
                the placement of dredged and fill material irk the nation's waterways and the
                transportation of dredged material for disposal in the oceans. At present,
                the CE receives more than 10,000 permit Applications annually under
                Sections 404 and 103. Although the CE does riot issue permits for its own
                activities, by law the CE must comply with criteria applied to a permit
                applicant.,

                      In regard to ocean dredged material disposal activities, the Second
                Federal Plan for OPRDM, published.in September 1981, identified as a high
                priority research need, the development of improved techniques for predicting
                the environmental impacts of chemical contaminants associated with dredged
                material. The following dredged material research was developed in response
                to this identified research priority:

                Long-term Effects of Dredging Operations (LEDO) Project

                Objectives

                      This research program was formally established in FY82. Its objectives
                are to provide new or improved state-of-the-art'technology for predicting
                long-term environmental impacts of dredging operations and to improve or
                develop methods for minimizing any adverse'impacts associated with dredged
                material disposal. Work is currently being conducted to determine the
                effects of aquatic disposal and the effects of terrestrial disposal.
                LEDO is planned as a continuing program since! applied environmental
                research must address current problems and research priorities are subject
                to change.

                      Specific areas of research in LEDO include the following:

                      a.  Bioaccumulation and biomagnification in the aquatic environment.
                          Establish the significance of bioaccumulation and biomagnification
                          of contaminants associated with the aquatic disposal of dredged
                          material and develop or improve predictive techniques for bio-
                          accumulation and biomagnification.

                                                     111-119

                     DOD/CORPS                                                   FY 1983 UPDATE

                          b.  Minimize procedures to reduce adverse impacts. Field-test
                              procedures that will eliminate or minimize adverse impacts of
                              dredged material disposal. One possible procedure under study
                              is capping contaminated material with noncontaminated material.

                          c.  Upland plant and animal bioassays procedures. Improve first-
                              generation plant and animal bioassays for predicting uptake of
                              contaminants in wetland upland areas.

                          d.  Water quality. Increase the understanding of the geochemical
                              changes that occur with time in upland dredged material contain-
                              ment areas; develop or improve techniques for predicting contaminant
                              concentrations in the effluent from these sites.

                          Study results will provide a much broadened state-of-the-art technical
                     basis for the Corps' implementation of its environmental responsibilities
                     under Federal legislation, Emphasis will be placed on presenting research
                     results in the international technical and scientific literature as well
                     as making results immediately available to the field through normal Corps
                     channels.

                     Milestones

                          FY 83

                          Revised EPA/CE implementation manuals for Section 103 and 404 criteria.

                          Modified elutriate test procedures for containment area effluents.

                          Developed fresh and saltwater plant bioassay techniques.

                          FY 84

                          Develop Predictive techniques for contaminant levels in containment
                          area effluents.

                          Determine mixing zones for containment area effluents.

                          FY 85

                          Determine efficiency of capping to contain contaminants.

                          Develop techniques for predicting pollution potential of diked
                          containment areas.

                          Determine food web  biomagnification of contaminants in aquatic
                          ecosystems.

                          FY 86

                          Technical reports -- assessment of predictive techniques for
                          bionagnification and bioaccumulation.

                                                       111-120

                 DOD/CORPS                                                  FY 1983 UPDATE

                       Determine environmental consequences of,bioaccumulation.

                       Develop procedures for assessing cumulative effects of dredged
                       material discharges.

                       Consider assessing regional effects of multiple discharges.

                       Develop animal bioassays for upland disposal alternatives.

                       Complete synthesis reports on LEDO investigations.

                 Field Verification Project

                     During planning of LEDO field studies with the Corps' New England
                 Division, it became apparent that a unique set of circumstances existed
                 in the New England region of the United States where three disposal
                 alternatives could be evaluated at the same time (open-water disposal,
                 upland disposal, and marsh creation). The Field Verification Program was
                 established as a cooperative effort between the Corps and EPA to field-
                 verify existing predictive testing procedures. Through the program,
                 promising procedures already developed by the Corps along with techniques
                 developed by EPA for nondredged materials will be applied to project
                 conditions at Black Rock Harbor, Bridgeport, Connecticut, using dredged
                 material from that single maintenance operation. Although the three
                 disposal alternatives have been evaluated :independently during the DMRP,
                 these field studies will provide the first opportunity for direct comparison
                 of the environmental consequences using the same dredged material under
                 different disposal conditions.

                     The program's major areas of investigation include:

                     a.  Bioaccumulation of contaminants by aquatic animals. Levels of'
                         bioaccumulation of selected contaminants over time, biological.
                         and physical factors affecting bioaccumulation, and variability
                         of bioaccumulation predictions will be documented in the laboratory.
                         Bioaccumulation will then be determined under field conditions
                         and compared to laboratory predictions to verify the accuracy
                         of the prediction methods.

                     b.  Consequences of bioaccumiulation in aquatic animals. Several
                         physiological indices of biological health will be determined
                         in organisms that have accumulated contaminants from dredged
                         material. These indices, previously developed by EPA for use
                         in nondredged material regulatory programs, will include scope
                         .for growth, benthic and reproductive effects, effects on enzyme
                         systems, and histopathologicalparameters. The responses of
                         aquatic animals to contaminants will first be determined in the
                         laboratory to establish feasibility for assesing dredged material
                         effects and correlation with bioaccumulation.. Responses will then
                         be verified in aquatic organisms exposed to contaminated sediments
                         in the field.

                                                  111-121

                    DOD/CORPS                                                  FY 1983 UPDATE

                        c.  Effects of aquatic disposal on community structures. Effects of
                            contaminated dredged material disposal on community structures will
                            be determined by measuring mortality, reproduction, and intrinsic
                            rate of growth in selected populations within aquatic communities.
                            These assessments will be documented in the laboratory and verified
                            by monitoring in the field.

                       d.   Dredged material movement. A three-dimensional dredged material
                            transport model will be calibrated and verified using previously
                            gathered field data. The model responds to changes in wind and
                            tide, surface heat, salt flux, and flow using specific measure-
                            ments of salinity, temperature, and surface elevations (or currents)
                            taken at open inflow boundaries. The contribution to dredged
                            material dispersion of sediment disturbance from resuspension
                            by benthic animals will also be evaluated.

                         e.  Effects of upland disposal on water quality. Laboratory tests
                             for predicting effluent quality will be conducted on contaminated
                             sediments prior to placement in a confined disposal area. The
                             confined disposal area will be designed, operated, and managed to
                             ensure optimum fill configuration for the field studies and
                             evaluation of water quality effects. During filling operations,
                             influent and effluent water quality parameters will be monitored
                             extensively at selected stations within the disposal area.
                             Following disposal, the quality of surface water runoff will be
                             determined by collecting surface water samples from controlled
                             simulation of rainfall. Monitoring wells will be placed around
                             and within the disposal area, and groundwater samples taken before,
                             during, and after filling.

                         f.  Bioaccumulation of contaminants in upland and wetland plants.
                             First-generation test procedures from DOTS and other studies will
                             be verified at the field site. Saltmarsh plants will be grown
                             under controlled wetland and upland conditions and analyzed
                             for contaminant bioaccumulation. Field tests will be conducted
                             to verify laboratory test results. Saltmarsh plants will be
                             planted at the upland disposal facility at Black Rock Harbor
                             and sampled each year to determine contaminant bioaccumulation.

                         g.  Bioaccumulation of contaminants in upland and wetland animals.
                             Existing upland and wetland animal bioassay test procedures
                             developed in Europe will be verified in the field using selected
                             upland animals (annelid worms) and wetland animals (snails).

                         Results of the Field Verification Program will provide both the
                    Corps and EPA with documented and verified state-of-the-art procedures
                    for complying with national regulatory requirements and international
                    agreements. The study was initiated in FY 82 and is scheduled to be
                    completed in 5 years.

                                                     111-122

                   DOD/CORPS                                                     FY 1983 UPDATE

                   Milestones

                        Data obtained from this program will be incorporated into technical
                   reports and field guidance as listed under the LEDO program milestones.
                   In addition, the following milestones are provided.

                        FY 83

                        Guidance for 3-dimensional dredged material transport model.

                        FY 84

                        Reports and  guidance on surface water runoff quality, and leacha.te/
                        groundwater  quality.

                        Technical report on laboratory documentation of the precision and
                        accuracy of regulatory bioaccumulation procedures.

                        FY 85

                        Field wetland animal bioassays.

                        FY 86

                        Technical reports and guidance on bioaccumulation as determined by
                        field verified scope for growth assessments, genetic And reproduction
                        assessments, enzyme parameters, and histopathological appraisals.

                        Technical report on field verification of the precision and accuracy
                        of regulatory bioaccumulation predictions.

                        TR on effects of aquatic disposal on community structure.

                        Synthesis reports on results of disposal alternative assessments and
                        predictive procedures.

                   Dredging Contaminated Sediments Project

                        In the United States, much work has been conducted over the past
                   10 years on the effects of dredged material disposal. Little work has
                   been done on the effects of the dredging operation because it was felt
                   that the disposal operation would have the most significant impact. However,
                   due to the need to dredge highly contaminated sediments, it became apparent
                   that research was required to establish environmental parameters associated
                   with conventional dredges as well as investigating and developing procedures
                   and/or equipment to minimize adverse effects from the dredging operation.

                                                      111-123

                    DOD/COE                                                      FY 1983 UPDATE

                    Objectives

                         Existing data on the resuspension of sediments and contaminants will
                    be collected on a national and international basis. In addition, field
                    studies will be conducted at various sites where unconventional equipment
                    is being used. Based on these data, guidelines will be developed for
                    dredging highly contaminated sediments to minimize any adverse impacts.

                      Milestones

                      FY 83

                      Draft ETL on existing dredge performance data, Sept. 83.

                     .FY 84

                      Draft ETL on results of field evaluations, Sept. 84.
                      Draft ETL on Laboratory Predictive Tests, Sept. 84.

                      FY 85

                      Draft EP on dredging contaminated sediments, Sept. 85

                      FY 86

                      Up EM on dredging and dredged material disposal, Sept. 86
                      Final report on dredging contaminated, Sept. 86.
                      DOTS Information Exchange Bulletin. Significant findings will be
                      published periodically in the Bulletin. Sept. 86.

                    Long-term Monitoring Project

                         A number of aquatic, wetland and confined dredged material disposal
                    site investigations were undertaken by the Corps Dredged Material Research
                    Program, completed in 1978. However, due to the short time frame of the
                    DMRP, 5 years, monitoring of a number of these sites beyond the time frame
                    of the DMRP was considered desirable and has been undertaken under the
                    centralized management of the DOT'S program. Much of this work is now
                    incorporated into the LEDO Program and the Wetlands Research Program.
                    The following describes the long-term monitoring efforts to be continued
                    under the DOT'S prgram:

                      a.  Long-term Monitoring of Selected Open-Water Disposal Sites.
                          Work will continue under this effort to complete ongoing research
                          efforts at two aquatic sites, Lake Erie at Ashtabula, Ohio, and
                          Elliott Bay off Puget Sound, Washington, as well as to develop
                          effective field monitoring protocols for aquatic dredged material
                          disposal sites. In regard to the latter objective, maximum advantage
                          will be undertaken of ongoing efforts by the Corps district and
                          division offices. An additional monitoring effort was initiated in
                          FY 82 at Coos Bay, Oregon, in conjuction with the Portland Dictrict Office.

                                                       111-124

                  DOD/COE                                                     FY 1983 UPDATE

                    b.   Monitoring of Habitat Development Field Sites. The DMRP documented
                         that productive habitats such as marshes could be created with
                         dredged material. This work unit will continue the monitoring
                         of seven marsh and upland habitat development sites established
                         under the DMRP to determine their long-term viability and relative
                         value. These sites are located at Miller Sands, Columbia River,
                         Oregon; Salt Pond 3, South San Francisco Bay, California;
                         Bolivar Peninsula, Texas; Apalachicola Bay, Florida; Buttermilk
                         Sound, Georgia; James River, VirginJ@a; and Nutt Island, Connecticut
                         River.

                    c.   Verification and Refinement of Engiieering Methodologies for
                         Dredging and Dredged Material Dispo;al. Further verification and
                         refinement of engineering techniques developed under the DMRP will
                         be conducted. These include dewatering techniques for diked
                         containment areas, control strategies for minimizing co  ntaminant,
                         return flows to surface and groundwater supplies from containment
                         areas, and long7term management of diked areas for maximum use.

                   Milestones

                       FY 81

                       Final contractor reports on  aquatic.disposal sites at Elliot Bay
                       and Lake Erie.

                       FY 82

                       Synthesis  report on aquatic disposal sites.

                       Interim technical report on habitat development sites.

                       EM revisions on guidelines for design and operation of chemical
                       clarification systems for containment area effluents.

                       FY 83-86

                       Revisions to EM's on dredging and dredged material disposal.

                       FY 84

                       Interim TR on habitat development sites.

                       Input to LEDO, wetlands programs and revisions to EPA/Corps 404 and
                       103 implementation manuals.

                       FY 86

                       Final reports on aquatic sites and monitoring requirements.

                       Final report on all habitat development sites.

                                                    111-125

                   DOD/COE                                                     FY 1983 UPDATE

                   Long-Term Mangagement Strategy (LTMS) for Dredged Material Disposal Project

                   Goals

                        The development of LTMS'S for dredged material disposal is a complex
                   and time-consuming process, and in most cases must consider social, economic,
                   environmental, institutional, and operational constraints. Although some
                   Districts are developing such strategies, some are still the results of last
                   minute site specific needs. This lack of long-term management strategy is
                   especially crucial in ports where such strategy could help meet future
                   defense related military needs. Many of the elements for developing such
                   strategies either exist today or could be developed from the results of
                   research, monitoring, and field activities conducted by the Corps over
                   the past 10 years.

                        The present need is for a procedure or conceptual framework that
                   would: (1) identify and assess the critical elements necessary for a
                   long-term strategy for dredged material disposal; and (2) provide user
                   guidance of such elements in such a way as to permit effective disposal.

                   Objectives

                        The principal objective of this work is to provide the field with
                   protocols for developing LTMS'S for disposing of dredged material in an
                   economically and environmentally sound manner.

                   Milestones

                        FY 84

                             A national workshop aimed specifically at long-term management of
                        dredged material disposal will be held. This workshop, held in cooperation
                        with the National Oceanic and Atmosperic Administration (NOAA), will
                        identify what has been done in the past, what is presently being done
                        and what should be done in the future. Initiate work to define capacity
                        of aquatic disposal sites and develop a methodology for determining that
                        capacity. This has been recognized by the field and WRSC-D as a priority
                        element needed for LTMS and therefore this work will start prior to
                        development of the conceptual framework or workshop. At present,
                        site designation is the priority of the Army/EPA Ocean Dumping Task Force
                        and site capacity is a crucial element for site designation. The
                        information gained in this effort should add significantly to the Task
                        Force needs.

                        Out Years Plans

                             Monitoring of the capping operation in New York will be completed
                        in FY 85. A report describing that effort will be drafted in FY 85
                        for final publication in FY 86. The long-term mangagement conceptual
                        framework, initiated In FY 84, will be completed and presented in
                        draft report form in FY 85.

                                                     111-126

                 DOD/COE                                                    FY 1983 UPDATE

                           This draft conceptual framework will guide further development
                      of existing elements. Missing elements will be pursued depending; on
                      technical and/or political need.

                           Work will also continue on defining or developing methodology
                      for determining site capacity for aquatic dredged material disposal
                      sites. Draft guidance will be issued in September 1985.

                @Wetlands Project

                      Implementation of Section 404 of the Clean Water Act has given broad
                 responsibilities to the Corps in the regulation of dredged and fill
                 activities in wetlands. In addition, both the Clean Water Act and the
                 Ocean Dumping Act require the Corps to evaluate and assess relative impacts
                 of dredged material disposal alternatives, including disposal within wetlands,
                 and both for Federal projects as well as for permit applications for dredged
                 or fill material disposal. Determination of the landward limit of wetlands
                 is in question because of the lack of definitive scientific information
                 on the subject. Evaluation of permit and construction activities in
                 wetlands may ultimately be based on.the functional values of that resource.
                 Specific qualitative and quantitative data on this object are lacking.

                 Objectives

                       Priority wetland research needs have been identified in two major
                 areas. The first is to develop improved and standardized techniques to
                 assist CE field personnel in the identification and delineation of wetlands
                 subject to jurisdiction under the Section 404 regulatory program. The
                 second is the assessment and quantification of wetland values for use in
                 the evaluation of permit activities, and to meet CE needs in planning,
                 construction, and operationalactivities in wetland areas. Research
                 into.the identification and delineation of wetlands began in FY 78 and
                 should be completed in FY 84. Functional values research was initiated
                 in FY 82. Central elements are presented below:

                      A. Identification and delineation.

                          1.  Transition zone analysis. Develop and compare vegetative,
                              soil, and hydrologic techniques which can be used to determine
                              saturated soil conditions and periodic inundation.

                          2.  Nongrowing season vegetation techniques. Develop regional
                              procedures for the identification and delineation of wetlands
                              during fall and winter seasons..

                          3.  Plant tolerance indices. Document and evaluate plant
                              tolerance to inundation and saturated soil conditions for
                              the purposes of developing quantitative tolerance indices.

                      B.- Functional values.

                          1. Identification  and qualitative assessment. Develop qualitative
                              techniques for the assessment of wetland functional values.

                                                  111-127

                    DOD/COE                                                      FY 1983 UPDATE,

                             2.   Quantification of selected functional values. Develop and
                                  field test techniques for the accurate determination of selected
                                  wetland values. Priority will be given to water quality,
                                  habitat value, nutrient cycling, cultural values, erosion
                                  protection, and primary productivity.

                    Milestones

                         FY 81

                         Wetland Guide for the South Atlantic States

                         Wetland Guide for the North Atlantic States

                         Wetland Guide for Alaska

                         FY 82

                         Synthesis of Transition Zone Methodologies

                         EP - Transition Zone Analysis

                         Wetlands Manual

                            Part I    Technical Standard

                            Part 11    Methodology

                            Part III - Workbook

                         Workshop on Wetlands

                         FY 83-84

                         Wetlands Manual

                         FY 85-87

                         Wetlands Values Manual

                         FY 86

                         EP - Interim guidance on wetland restoration

                    Procedure for Benthic Resource Assessment Project

                    Goals

                         The influence of numerous CE activities on bottom substrate.conditions
                    leads to benthic invertebrate community investigations in many CE projects.
                    Despite the commonplace procurement of benthic data, no procedure exists
                    which is able to use this data, and output information with economic
                    and social significance in impact statements. Neither does a precedure

                                                       111-128

                 DOD/COE                                                   FT 1983 UPDATE

                 exist for quantifying the impacts of CE activities on bottom (benthic)
                 fish resources. The need for such a procedure is indicated by Section 404
                 of the Clean Water Act, Section 103 of the Ocean Dumping Act and the expressed
                 concerns of various Federal and State agencies reviewing CE plans and
                 operations for flood control and navigation in U.S. waters.

                 Objectives.

                      This research will provide District offices with a procedure to
                 measure or predict the impacts of a project's structural and operational
                 alternatives on important estuarine and marine bottom fish resources.
                 The procedure will be time and cost efficient, quantitative, technically
                 and legally defensible, and capable of producing output with economic
                 and social significance.

                 Milestones

                   FY 84

                   User information product presenting a field tested and technically reviewed
                   procedure for assessing benthic resources, June 84.

                   Final technology transfer workshop, August 84.

                 Estimated Funding for the Environmental Quality Program (in thousand

                    FY82      FY83     FY84     FY85*

                    $3,818   $4,587   $4,650   $4,119

                   Presidential budget submission

                 Program Technical Monitor

                      John Bushman
                      U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
                      ATTN: DAEN-CWP-P
                      Washington, DC 20314
                      (202) 272-0131
                      FTS 272- 0131

                               @Satellite And Surveying AppIcations Program

                        The Satellite and Surveying Applications Program includes research,
                 development, test, and evaluation activities necessary to adapt and
                 apply new technology in surveying and in satellite remote.sensing and
                 positioning systems to improve Corps functions and to minimize costs.
                 The remote sensing program has been a continuing effort on the part of
                 the Corps to explore fully the numerous technical and economic capabilities
                 available through the program formerly entitled "Earth Resources Satellites."
                 Activities to be addressed include consideration of data element interpre-
                 tation techniques, data handling, and the contribution of satellite-acquired

                                                  111-129

                      DOD/COE                                                    FY 1983 UPDATE

                      data to water resources planning and management models. The Corps is
                      exploring the use of the precise measurement and positioning capabilities
                      developed to support the Federal dam safety program and those derived
                      from Army/NASA satellite research and development to meet some of the
                      needs of its water resources program. Research activities in the current
                      program include:

                           o  Development of the capability to use satellite data for detecting
                              and mapping areas with a high potential for being identified as
                              wetlands by Corps field offices and to establish criteria for
                              use of this capability.

                           o  Evaluation, in coordination with NASA and DOD, of the use of
                              present and future satellite data for solving coastal engineering
                              problems.

                           o  Evaluation of the airborne Lidar system in obtaining hydrographic
                              data in coastal and ocean environments.

                           o  Evaluation of remote sensing techniques for monitoring coastal
                              environmental conditions and water quality for short and long-term
                              trends.

                           o  Evaluation of remote sensing techniques to monitor changes in
                              aquatic vegetation in coastal and estuarine environments.

                           Remotely sensed data as outlined in the panel report prepared by
                      the Space Applications Board Assembly of Engineers (1980) are now being
                      applied to the following water resources problems by the Corps through
                      their on-going research and technology transfer programs.

                           o  Surveillance of river channels and beach migration.

                           o  Monitoring of silting in lakes.

                           o  Assessment of tidal regimes in estuarine environments.

                           o  In 1980 the Corps completed the first remote sensing program at
                              the Duck field test site in North Carolina.   Over 100 flights
                              were conducted using sensors that supplied information on wind
                              speed and direction, waves, currents, water level and other data
                              required for solving coastal engineering problems. It is by far
                              the most complete and well documented data set available to
                              evaluate remote sensing versus conventional methods for obtaining
                              coastal and ocean data.

                            The research being conducted under the satellite and survey remote
                      sensing program is accomplished primarily by using the Corps research
                      laboratories. They are as follows:

                           Coastal Engineering Research Center (CERC)
                           Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL)
                           Waterways Experiment Station (WES)
                           Engineering Topographic Laboratory (ETL)

                                                       111-130

                 DOD/COE                                                     FY 1983 UPDATE

                       The following is a summary of the work that is ongoing and planned
                 for the area in remote sensing associated to ocean pollution problems. In
                 all instances, the program is applications oriented and uses the highly
                 technical research outputs from NASA and others to ensure a timely tech-
                 nology assessment and transfer to assist the Corps.

                 Coastal Engineering Remote Sensing Applica:ions Research Project (CERSARP)

                 Goal

                       .The goal of this project is to develop improved cost-effective
                 techniques for acquiring coastal time-space interrelationships.

                 Objectives

                       The objectives of this project are to plan, implement, and evaluate
                 the use of remote sensing to demonstrate and field test remote sensing
                 techniques for coastal engineering applications. To evaluate, coordinate
                 with NASA and DOD and other agencies, and test the use of satellite data
                 of present and future systems applications to coastal engineering.

                       Approach: Existing remote sensing technology will be tested and
                 its cost-effectiveness evaluated for acquisition of coastal data such
                 as: underwater bathymetry using airborne lasers, sediment distribution
                 and water quality using film and filter combinations and lasers; and
                 wave climate and current' data using active microwave systems. Aircraft
                 missions with coincident ground truth will be conducted at the field
                 Research Facility, Duck, NC in conjunction with other organizations
                 for demonstrating and developing techniques for the use of remote sensing
                 data. Analysis will compare remote sensing data with conventional systems
                 in the time and spatial domains. Areas to be addressed are underwater
                 topography, wave climate determination, water quality, longshore transport
                 and shoreline mapping. Evaluation of SEASAT data for ocean wave, current
                 and wave transformation detection and the intercomparison of Landsat and
                 SEASAT data will be accomplished. The application and evaluation of
                 active satellite.microwave systems will be developed for input to future
                 spaceborne design. The Corps' planned use for the National Oceanic
                 Satellite System (NOSS) (2nd generation SEASAT) and its integration
                 with the Landsat-D program will be developed and coordinated.

                 Milestones:

                 FY 81

                 After Action Report
                 Workshop

                 FY 82

                 Landsat-SEASAT Comparison
                 Laser Evaluation
                 Analysis
                 NOSS Experiment Plan

                                                   111-131

                     DOD/COE                                                      FY 1983 UPDATE

                     FY 83

                     CETN - Coherent Wave Radar, Surface Currents, June 83.
                     CETA - Sensor Selection for Wave Data, June 83.

                     FY 84

                     CETN - High Frequency Radar, Wave Direction, Oct. 83.
                     CETN - Surface Currents, Water Body Movement, May 84.

                     FY 85

                     CETA - Wave and Current Measurements Techniques for Calibration of
                     Numerical Models, June 85.

                     FY 86

                     CETN - Remote Sensing Systems to Detect Underwater Topography, June 86.

                     Integrated Hydrographic Survey Systems Project

                     Goals

                          The product market is continually monitored by the coordinating
                     group. Information is transferred to the field either directly for
                     specific problems or through report, conferences, and training courses.

                     Objectives

                          The objectives of this study are to continually update the Corps
                     hydrographic surveying capability by developing effective and efficient
                     methods, systems, and equipment.

                     Milestones

                        FY 81

                        Technician Training course, March 81.

                        FY 82

                        Complete Heave Correction Equip Eval., Jan.. 82.

                        FY 83

                        Report (ETL on Evaluation of Heave Correction Equip), Aug. 82.

                        FY 83

                        Tech Tru Course, March 83.
                        Field Eval Heav Corr Equip., July 83.

                                                       111-132

                  DOD/COE                                                       FY 1983 UPDATE

                     FY 84

                     Heave Corr Equip Rpt., April 84.

                     FY 85

                     HS Product Std Rpt., Feb 85.
                     Survey Requirements, Meetings, Feb. 85.
                     Procedings, Aug. 85.

                     FY 86

                     HS Equip Std Rpt., Dec. 86

                  Annually

                     Training Courses

                  Biennially

                     Conferences

                  Continuing

                     District Assistance

                    Not financed with work unit funds..

                  Estimated Funding for Satellite and Surveying Applications Program

                  (in thousand $)

                       FY82      FY83      FY84      FY85*

                       $150      $180      $251     .$235

                    Presidential budget submission

                  Program Technical Monitor

                       Robert W. Plott
                       U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
                       ATTN: DAEN-CWP-F
                       Washington, DC 20314
                       (202) M-0169
                        FTS 272-0169

                                                     111-133

                     DOD/COE                                                    FY 1983 UPDATE

                                          DEVELOPMENT/MONITORING PROGRAMS

                          The Corps districts and divisions are in charge of the Corps day-to-
                     day operations. They do not normally run the research projects, but
                     they do conduct all of the operational activities dealing with monitoring
                     and data acquisition and interpretation as well as project-specific
                     developmental research.

                     Program Technical Monitor For All---Division And District Programs

                          David B. Mathis
                          U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
                          Water Resources Support Center
                          Dredging Division
                          Casey Building
                          Ft. Belvoir, VA 22060
                          (202) 355-2235
                          FTS 385-2235

                     The following is the list of Corps projects from division and districts
                     included under OPRDM:

                                          North Atlantic Division Program

                                                (New York District)

                     Monitoring of Capping Operations Project

                          The Capping Operation Project was designed to assess the feasibility
                     for "capping" of potentially contaminated dredged material with clean
                     dredged material. Monitoring studies were initiated for the purpose of
                     studying the effectiveness and stability of the cap covering the dredged
                     material from NY Harbor.

                          Short-term biological monitoring -- Bioaccumulation potential at
                     the capping site was examined with the use of mussels contained in bags
                     suspended from platforms in the capping area, the mud dump and various
                     control and reference sites in the New York Bight area.

                          Sediment transport monitoring -- The sediment transport monitoring
                     involved determining the stability of the cap and considered the long-term
                     sediment transport caused by currents and storm-generated waves at the
                     entire "Mud Dump" site.

                          Sediment Budget Study -- This study was designed to quantify the dry
                     mass of dredged material involved in each stage of typical clamshell
                     dredging and disposal activities in order to identify and quantify "losses"
                     of dredged material.

                          Chemical Signature Study -- This study addressed the issue of
                     contaminants released from sediments into the ocean. The Chemical
                     Signature Study looked at the transfer of chemical pollutants from   marine
                     sediments into the marine environment.

                                                      111-134

                  DOD/CORPS                                                    FY 1983 UPDATE

                       Long-term monitoring -- Long term bioaccumulation potential at the
                  capping site and sites within the "Mud Dump" and the New York Bight area
                  will be monitored by using a variety of marine fauna. In addition to
                  bioaccumulation studies, recolonization and population dynamics will be
                  monitored.

                  Capping Synthesis Report

                       The final reports for the above-mentioned monitoring studies, excluding
                  the Long Range Monitoring Plan, are being incorporated and synthesized
                  into a Capping Synthesis Report to be completed by September 1982. In
                  addition to the above-mentioned monitoring studies, the Capping Synthesis
                  Report will incorporate the results of studies related tothe capping of
                  dredged material (e.g. DAMOS).

                  Subaqueous Borrow Pits Project

                       .One portion of this study deals with biological studies and monitoring
                  techniques. The biological monitoring involves pre-dumping analysis of the
                  fisheries and other marine communities existing in the borrow pits before
                  dumping of dredged material. A long-term fishery study of the borrow pit and
                  its surrounding waters is presently being conducted. In addition, monitoring
                  will include projection of impacts on local marine ecosystems and evaluation
                  of potential for contaminant release during disposal and before capping.

                       The second part of the study deals with sediment stability monitoring
                  which includes monitoring of erosion under normal and storm conditions.

                       It should be noted that the progress of.the subaqueous Borrow Pit
                  project cannot proceed until litigation is completed.

                  Milestones (Status as of August 3, 1982)

                       DESCRIPTION                            DATE OF COMPLETION        COMPLETED

                                                              Early          Late

                  Implement Guidance Manual                  12/29/80        7/5/82     Dec. 1980

                  Implement Matrices                         10/12/81        2/11/85    Oct. 1981

                  Final EPA EIS Mud Dump                     11/23/81        6/3/85     Nov. 1981

                  Annual Report-Mussel Study                 10/19/81        7/2/84     Oct. 1981

                  Final Report - Mussel Study                  21/29/82     12/10/84    Mar. 1982

                  Initiate Contract -                        Il/22/82        3/14/83
                     Long Range Monitoring

                  Annual Report   Long Range Monitoring         1/6/84       4/7/84

                  Final Report   Sediment Budget                9/6/82       5/20/85

                                                    111-135

                     DOD/COE                                                    FY 1983 UPDATE

                     Final Report - Sediment Transport          9/27/82      5/20/85

                     Final Report - Chemical Signature          6/21/82      2/18/85     June 1982

                     Synthesis Report - Capping                 8/30/82      4/22/85

                      Initial Pilot Project - Sub-              5/30/83      4/23/84
                      aqueous Borrow Pit

                                                 (Norfolk District)

                           In the past, maintenance dredging material removed from the Thimble
                     Shoal Channel portion of the Norfolk Harbor system and the Cape Henry
                     Channel reach of the Baltimore Harbor system has been placed in the EPA
                     interim designated Dam Neck ocean disposal site. On 30 April 1980,
                     Norfolk District established a permanent, deeper water ocean disposal site
                     to handle the suitable maintenance material as well as the suitable new
                     work material from the navigatiorr channels serving the Chesapeake Bay.
                     This new disposal area is known as the Norfolk disposal site. It is
                     located in the Atlantic Ocean within a circular area with a 4-nautical
                     mile radius with a center point of 39* 59' N Latitude, 75* 39' W Longitude.
                     This site is in about 70 feet of water, approximately 17 nautical miles
                     from the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay. Portions of this area were established
                     earlier in this century for the disposal of dredged material and were used
                     intermittently until about 1965.

                          The Dam Neck interim disposal site will continue to be used as required
                     and will undergo future study to enable full site designation. No funding
                     levels or milestones have been established for this work.

                     Ocean Disposal of Dredged Material Project

                          The Corps, with NOAA support is in the monitoring phase at the Norfolk
                     disposal site. The FEIS for this site was filed on July 23, 1982, and
                     the Corps has requested final EPA designation for the site.

                     Objective

                          The site is intended for the long-term disposal of dredged material
                     from the Lower Chesapeake Bay channels.

                     Milestones

                          The required monitoring of the site will continue indefinitely.
                     Dredged material in the Craney Island Disposal Area is also being tested
                     to determine what material is suitable for removal and disposal in the
                     Norfolk disposal site.

                                                       111-136

                   DOD/COE                                                       FY 1983 UPDATE

                   Underwater Bar Project

                   Goals

                        The planned deepening of the Thimble Shoals navigation channel
                   would make available approximately 28 million cubic yards of sandy material
                   which will require disposal. Instead of Just relying on the ocean or
                   other disposal media to assimilate this material as a waste or by-product,
                   the Norfolk District is treating this material as a valuable resource.
                   The District is evaluating the possibility of constructing an offshore bar
                   or berm, gene rally parallel to the shoreline and on the downdrift side
                   of the offshore entrance channel.

                   Objectives

                        Potential beneficial aspects include stockpiling of sand for later
                   rehandling, possible mitigation of effects of storm waves along the.
                   shoreline to in turn reduce severe beach erosion to Virginia Beach,
                   and, finally, as a potential fish attractor due to the relief provided
                   by bar construction.

                   Milestones

                      FY 83

                        A test operation using fine-grained sand point dumping by hopper
                      dredge and state-of-the-art vessel positio;ing, have demonstrated the
                      construction feasibility of the concept. An analysis of this operation
                      indicates that the imposition of controls on dumping did not affect
                      contract costs. The demonstration proved conclusively that the technology
                      for bar construction is in hand.

                      FY 84

                        The District is continuing to evaluate the possibility of employing
                      this beneficial use concept at Norfolk. If, in fact, the decision is
                      made to use this concept, the District will undertake extensive
                      monitoring and documentation of this effort.

                   Estimated Funding for North Atlantic Division (in thousand $)

                        FY82     FY83     FY84      FY85*

                        $982     $688     $962      $635

                    Presidential budget   submission

                                                      111-137

                     DOD/COE                                                     FY 1983 UPDATE

                                          New England Division (NED) Program

                          Dredging is an important part of NED's civil works mission. NED
                     maintains over 100 Federal projects and processes approximately 100 permit
                     applications for private dredging each year. In order to carry out our
                     statutory mandate to see that all dredged material disposal complies with
                     current regulations, it is important that NED conduct its own program of
                     development and monitoring in regard to dredged material disposal based
                     on regional and site-specific concerns.

                          Presently the NED has two projects:

                               Disposal Area Monitoring System (DAMOS)
                               Field Verification Program (FVP)

                     Goals

                          DAMOS: DAMOS monitors the short- and long-term effects of dredged
                     materials on the ocean resources in and around the major ocean dumping
                     grounds of New England. Goals include the development and implementation
                     of management and regulatory programs, policies, and procedures for the
                     disposal of dredged materials.

                          FVP: As the New England aspect of the Long-Term Effects of Dredging
                     Operations (LEDO) Program, FVP will study the relationships of contaminants
                     and nutrients contained in dredged material with the disposal site environ-
                     ment. In particular, this program will address contaminant availability,
                     uptake, and subsequent histological/pathological effects on organisms.
                     Parallel biological and chemical analyses on the same homogenized sediment
                     will alleviate problems of incomparable test results. The goal of FVP
                     is to develop short-term testing procedures which can be used to predict
                     long-term effects of dredged material disposal. The FVP will assess
                     disposal in open water and the creation.of upland and wetland.habitats
                     with material from the same project.

                     Milestones

                          DAMOS: Generated baseline and regular monitoring data on the individual
                     ocean disposal @ites and the behavior of dredged materials in general has
                     put into perspective th 'e alleged harmful effects of dredged material disposal
                     particularly in Long Island Sound. In 1982-86 DAMOS will be developing
                     effective monitoring techniques which will make comprehensive collection
                     of data more efficient. Progress reports share ocean disposal technology
                     with other Corps offices and other public and private agencies. The
                     monitoring program is studying the effectiveness of containing polluted
                     dredged spoils by covering them with materials having different physical
                     or chemical characteristics.

                          A typical DAMOS milestone chart for each fiscal year follows:

                               Winter Cruise                Dec-Jan

                               Report on Winter Cruise       June

                                                       111-138

                 DOD/COE                                                     FY 1983 UPDATE

                            Summer Cruise                July--Aug

                            Report on Summer Cruise      Nov

                      FVP: Initiated study of aquatic    disposal site. Collected sediment
                 and water samples from the project area for chemical analysis and for use
                 in laboratory biological assessments.

                       FVP is designed as a-five-year program by which the cooperative
                 efforts of the Corps Waterways Experiment Station, EPA's Narragansett
                 Lab, and NED will lead to the goal described above. The funding levels
                 for NED OPRDM programs, listed below, include NED's funding input to the
                 FVP.

                 Estimated Funding for New England Division (in thousand $)

                     FY82      FY83     FY84     FY85*

                      $800     $800     $700      $700

                   Presidential budget  submission

                                    South Atlantic Division (SAD) Program

                                           (Jacksonville District)

                 Disposal Area Monitoring  and Site Designation

                      Monitoring of water  quality for certification 'of dredging disposal
                 operations in ocean waters surrounding Florida is continuing. Field
                 surveys of potential ocean dredged material disposal sites are being
                 conducted.

                 Milestones

                 Site designation studies completed in FY82. Monitor   ing continued
                 as required.

                                            (Charleston District)

                 Monitoring Project:

                        When dredged material can be practically moved from inner harbor
                 to ocean'dispoal areas, this material will be monitored closely and
                 compared to the district's base-line data.

                 Objectives

                        The objectives of this study areto develop a long-term monitoring
                 program when fine grain materials from the inner harbor are ocean disposed.

                                                    111-139

                    DOD/COE                                                   FY 1983 UPDATE

                    Milestones

                         Monitor sediment distribution, water quality and benthic organisms
                    as required by law on an annual basis.

                    Ocean Site Designation Studies

                         Field studies were initiated in FY 83 to obtain data on bottom sediments,
                    bed forms, water quality, benthic organisms and bioaccumulation in order
                    to obtain final EPA designation of the Georgetown ocean dredged material
                    disposal site. Winter and summer sampling is anticipated.

                    Milestones

                         Field surveys completed in FY83. Site designation EIS and data report
                    to be prepared in FY84.

                                            (Mobile District)

                    Mississippi Sound Study

                          Two biological studies are being conducted for the Mississippi
                    Sound and adjacent study area. Benthic macroinfauna communities will be
                    delineated and associated with key environmental parameters as habitat
                    descriptors in Mississippi sound and in six areas on the adjacent Gulf
                    of Mexico Inner Continental Shelf. Based on available information, the
                    seasonal spatial extent of nursery areas, spawning areas, and migratory
                    routes for 40 species of demersal and pelagic finfish and shellfish in
                    Mississippi sound, Mobile Bay, and adjacent Gulf of Mexico waters out to
                    the 20 fathom contour will be defined. Data will be available on a
                    computerized data management system and maps will be produced.

                         Eight fixed sampling stations within six potential offshore disposal
                    areas extending 10 miles in the Gulf were established and continued
                    through August 1981. This program is intended to physically characterize
                    these potential disposal areas.

                          Eight box core replicates were collected at 96 stations, 40 of
                    which were in the Gulf, during surveys being conducted in fall 1980 and
                    spring 1981. Samples were analyzed for macroinfauna (all organisms
                    retained on a 0.5 mm. sieve), sediment grain size (including settling
                    velocity, and total organic carbon. Salinity, temperature dissolved
                    oxygen, and depth were recorded at each station. After co;munities
                    are delineated and habitats defined, they will be evaluated in terms of
                    their relative values as trophic supports for important finfish and
                    shellfish species.

                                                     111-140

                    DOD/COE                                                       FY 1983 UPDATE

                    Objectives

                         To provide baseline data on a number of potential'   ' (including off-
                    shore) alternative dredged material disposal sites for input into longer
                    term planning for dredged material disposal.

                    Milestones: Completion of sampling at six potential offshore disposal
                                  areas-, 1981.

                    Site Designation Studies

                         Site designation studies initiated in FY83 for the Mobile Harbor
                    deepening and Pasengoula Harbor physical:, chemical, and biological data
                    will be collected over two seasons. Field studies will be completed. in
                    FY83.

                    Estimated Funding  for South Atlantic Division (in thousand $)

                        FY82       FY83     FY84      FY85*

                        $165       $565      $275     $100

                      Presidential budget submission

                                        North Pacific Division (NPD) Program

                                                 (Portland District)

                    Goals

                         In 1982, concentrated on determining baseline environmental conditions
                    in Oregon watersheds and continental shelf. Obtained data on sediment
                    fate on continental shelf to help assess long-term impacts of ocean disposal.

                         In 1983, only two projects to be studied for this year -- Coos Bay
                    ocean disposal and Columbia River proposed deepening of the channel.
                    Funding for all others has been cut.

                         In 1984, proposed ocean disposal site final designation studies. Data
                    obtained from 1979 to 1983 is expected to,be of great use but more site-
                    specific data is to be obtained this year.

                    Objectives

                         There are several objectives which -vary in importance depending; on the
                    project being studied.

                         1. Adherence to testing requirements of Sections 404 and      103.

                         2. Determine whether ocean, beach, or estuarine disposal      would. cause
                              least impact environmentally.

                                                       111-141

                     DOD/COE                                                     FY 1983 UPDATE

                          3.  Determine best management and mitigation procedures.

                          4.  Identify further study areas.

                          5.  Identify background conditions to assess impacts a project could
                              cause.

                          6.  Obtain physical data on the sediments to be used for engineering
                              or dredging.

                          7.  Assist long-term and cumulative impacts of a specific project and
                              of disposal operations throughout the Oregon coastal environment.

                          8.  Provide a holistic view of environmental impacts of a project.

                     Milestones

                          FY 82

                          Complete study with USGS to determine regional contaminant levels,
                          future testing requirements, and a comprehensive view of region's
                          environmental setting. Complete bulk of testing at Coos Bay.
                          Determine sediment fate and disposal impacts at its ocean disposal
                          sites. Determine best management techniques and beat disposal sites
                          on continental shelf.

                          FY 83

                          Determine impacts of deepening the mouth of Columbia River navigation
                          channel. Determine best ocean disposal site. Complete Coos Bay
                          study.

                          FY 84

                          Accomplish testing of and obtain final designation of ocean disposal
                          sites for all Portland District dredging projects.

                                                  (Seattle District)

                          The proposed widening and deepening of the Federal navigation channel
                     in Grays Harbor will require disposal of an initial 17.1 million cubic yards
                     (c.y.) of material. Maintenance dredging of the Federal channel will
                     require the disposal of an additional 2.35 million c.y. of material
                     annually. The recommended plan calls for disposal of 7.2 million c.y.
                     of initial material and 0.80 million c-y- of annual maintenance material
                     at an ocean site tentatively set at 3.5 miles offshore of Grays Harbor.

                     Objectives

                          The objectives of this study are to select and monitor an ocean dumping
                     site for dredged material from Grays Harbor, Washington.

                                                       111-142

                 DOD/COE                                                     FY 1983 UPDATE

                 Milestones

                      FY 81

                      Preliminary status report on ocean disposal site designation.

                      FY 82

                      Submittal of feasibility report.

                      FY 85-86

                      Detailed ocean disposal site desgination studies of the continuation
                      of planning and engineering stage.

                 Estimated Funding for North Pacific Division (in thousand $)

                     FY82      FY83     FY84     FY85*

                     $390      $245     $266     $900

                   Presidential budget  submission

                                     North Central Division (NCD) Program

                      NCD's development and monitoring program is categorized as follows:

                 Activity

                      1.  Development - Development research will be initiated in FY83
                          to evaluate the effectiveness of capping contaminated dredged
                          material with clean material as a means of isolating these materials
                          from the aquatic ecosystem. This effort is scheduled to continue,
                          at least through the end of FY86.

                      2.  Confined Disposal Facility (CDF) Monitoring - Data collection at
                          Great Lakes CDF's is a continuous program and is required by law
                          for the Corps. The objectives of this effort are to monitor these
                          CDF's to determine the effectiveness of the containment measures.

                      3.  Interagency Development and Monitoring     This is a planned
                          interagency activity for FY83 between the Detroit district and
                          the EPA Duluth Laboratory. The study would involve an assessment
                          of PCB bio,accumulation, using sediments obtained from Sheboygan
                          Harbor, Wisconsin.

                 Milestones

                      Annual reports are prepared on the CDF monitoring efforts. Reports
                 on other activities will be prepared as determined necessary.

                                                   111-143

                    DOD/COE                                                        FY 1983 UPDATE

                    Estimated Funding for North Central Division (in thousand $)

                         FY82     FY83      FY84       FY85*

                         $118     $553      $666       $560

                       Presidential budget  submission

                                  Lower Mississippi Valley Division (LMVD) Program

                                                (New Orleans District)

                          Funding provided to EPA for collection of baseline data and preparation
                    of EIS's in support of final designation for continuing use of interim
                    designated ocean dredged material disposal sites within the New Orleans
                    District jurisdiction.

                    Objectives

                          To insure compliance of existing interim designated and historically
                    used ocean sites with EPA implementing criteria for the 1972 Ocean Dumping
                    Act, as amended.

                    Milestones

                          Final EIS's and EPA site designation for continuing use scheduled for
                    completion  during FY83.

                    Estimated Funding Summary for Lower Mississippi Valley Division (in thousand $)

                         FY82*    FY83      FY84      FY85**

                           95         50       30       30

                       In the FY 1982 Program Summaries Update, this program was reported
                       as zero funded in FY 1982. The amount reported here is a more accurate
                       estimate of FY 1982 funding for this program.

                       Presidential budget submission

                                         Pacific Ocean Division (POD) Program

                    Goals

                          The purpose of this research is to revise the established bioassay
                    and bioaccumulation testing methodology for dredged materials derived
                    from federally maintained harbors. The material is disposed at deep
                    ocean disposal sites in Hawaii which EPA designated in 1981. Research
                    will also concentrate on modifying EPA approved procedures for division-
                    wide application, based upon implementation of a testing program for the
                    disposal of dredged materials originating from Nawiliwili and/or Port Allen

                                                        111-144

                  DOD/CORPS                                                    FY 1983 UPDATE

                  Harbors in FY83 and from Honolulu, Hilo and Kahului in subsequent years.
                  Studies will also evaluate comparable bioassay/bioaccumulation studies for
                  dredged material from Pearl Harbor and local government agencies. Successful
                  completion of research will establish an acceptable Corps/EPA methodology
                  for testing dredged materials.in compliance with EPA ocean dumping testing
                  regulations.

                  Objective

                       The objective of the study will be to establish guidelines for acceptable
                  methodology on bioassay and bioaccumulation testing at ocean dredged material
                  disposal sites.

                  Milestones

                       FY 82

                       Bioassay and bioaccumulation testing procedures for Port Allen and
                       Nawiliwili Harbors approved. Studies due to be completed by end of
                       CY 1982.

                       FY 83

                       Revision  and approval of program for remaining harbors.

                       FY 84-86

                       Bioassay  and bioaccumulation studies.for remaining harbors conducted.

                  Monitoring of  Dredged Material Ocean Disposal Sites Project

                  Goals

                       EPA has designated five deep ocean sites in Hawaii for the purpose of
                  dredged material disposal. The EIS for site designation points out data
                  gaps and the need for additional monitoring at the disposal sites. The
                  proposed monitoring studies involve gathering data to eliminate the gaps
                  and assess long-term impacts and recolonization of benthic marine life
                  at the disposal sites. Additional current and physical oceanographic
                  measurements may be taken to improve characterization of dredged material
                  transport at the dump sites. More detailed characterization of dredged
                  materials and their suitability for ocean disposal will be covered under
                  a separate study. The FY82 studies involved NOAA supported use of a
                  deep diving submersible at one site (South Oahu). The FY83 program will
                  continue the use of the Hawaii Undersea Research Laboratory (HURL) deep
                  sea submersible for more quantitative studies at the South.Oahu Site and
                  for exploratory observations at Kahului and Hilo Deep Ocean Disposal Sites.
                  Tentative approval for use of HURL submersible received.

                                                    111-145

                   DOD/COE                                                     FY 1983 UPDATE

                   Objectives

                        The objectives of the study are to characterize dredged material transport
                   and to assess the long-term impacts and recolonization of benthic marine
                   life at ocean dredged material disposal sites.

                   Milestones

                        FY 84

                        Report on disposal investigations

                   Estimated Funding of Pacific Ocean Division (in thousand $)

                       FY82     FY83     FY84      FY85*

                        $5       $2        $0       $0

                     Presidential budget submission

                                      South Pacific Division (SPD) Program

                        Reported OPRDM-related efforts within the SPD are related exclusively
                   to requirements for final designation of historically-used ocean dredged
                   material disposal sites.

                   Objectives

                        To prepare baseline studies from existing data as well as field
                   surveys, effect interagency coordination, and to prepare and coordinate
                   Environmental Impact Statement in support of final designation of SPD's top
                   priority ocean disposal sites. These sites include the Humboldt Bay and
                   San Francisco-100 Fathom sites within the San Francisco district, and the
                   Los Angeles and San Diego ocean sites within the Los Angeles district.

                   Milestones

                        FY 82

                        Initiate baseline studies of the San Francisco 100-Fathom site.

                        FY 83

                        Complete baseline studies.of the 100-Fathom site. Initiate baseline
                        surveys of the Humboldt, San Diego and Los Angeles ocean sites and
                        complete.

                        FY 84

                        Complete all studies and site designation EIS's.

                                                     111-146

                  DOD/COE                                                       FY 1983 UPDATE

                  Estimated Funding South Pacific Division (in th    ousand $)

                      FY82      FY83      FY84     FY85*
                      $2.13     $300      @555     $205

                    Presidential budget   submission

                                         Southwest Division (SWD) Program.

                                               (Galveston District)
                  Goal

                       The goal of  this  program is to monitor data collection activities
                  at'dredged material ocean disposal sites.

                  Objectives

                       The objectives of this study are to monitor physical and chemical
                  parameters to assess the effect of dredging operations.

                  Milestones: Prepare annual data reports as required.

                  Estimated Funding Southwest Division (in thousand $)

                      FY82      FY83      FY84     FY85*@

                        $50     $100      $100     $100

                    Presidential budget.submission

                                         FEDERAL PERSONNEL AND FACILITIES

                  Personnel. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has 2 positions specifically
                  responsible for coordinating Corps input to the National Marine Pollution
                  Program. The Corps has 30 full-time equivalent professional positions;
                  substantially devoted to elements of the Program and 20 technical/
                  administrative positions. The vast majority of these personnel are
                  associated with research, development, and monitoring programs involving
                  dredging and/or the disposal of dredged material in the coastal or ocean
                  environment. The remainder of the staff ts generally involved with
                  projects on coastal land use particularly -as it relates to Corps projects.

                  Vessels. The Corps operates numerous survey boats, work boats, and a
                  minimum fleet of 1.1 dredges for emergency and national defense purposes
                  as authorized by Public law 95-269. However, no vessels greater than
                  50 feet.in length Are maintained for R&D or site monitoring purposes.
                  Large research vessels are chartered under interagency agreement or
                  contract when required.

                                                     111-147

                   DOD/COE                                                    FY 1983 UPDATE

                   Facilities. Three of the five laboratories at the Waterways Experiment
                   Station, P.O. Box 631, Vickesburg, MS 39180, conduct research and
                   development pertinent to the National Marine Pollution Program: the
                   Environmental Laboratory, the Coastal Engineering Research Center., and the
                   Hydraulics Laboratory. The Corps also maintains five division laboratories
                  ,with full water quality, bioassay and sediment analysis capabilities:
                   New England Division, Waltham, MA; North Pacific Division, Troutdale, OR;
                   South Atlantic Division, Marlette, GA; South Pacific Division, Sausalito,
                   CA; Southwest Division, Dallas, TX.

                   Equipment. The Corps maintains a variety of scientific equipment at the
                   facilities listed above. No major equipment is devoted exclusively to
                   ocean pollution research but is used for water quality and sediment
                   characterization. The Corps Labs operate: 10 Atomic Absorption
                   Spectrometers, 9 Gas Chromatographs, 2 Nuclear Density Probes, 2 GC
                   Mass Spectrometers, 1 -14 Channel Technicon Autoanalyzer, 1 Scintilation
                   Counter, I DC Plasma Arc Unit, and 1 Scanning Electron Microscope, and all
                   the attendant computer hardware analysis. The Coastal Engineering
                   Research Center, in particular, maintains current meters, wave gagesl
                   and automated surveying equipment for monitoring the fate of-dredged
                   materials in the ocean environment. The Waterways Experiment Station
                   maintains and operates a vast array of physical and numerical models,
                   and the necessary computer services, useful in predicting the fate of
                   pollutants in the marine environment.

                                        PUBLIC LAWS AND EXECUTIVE ORDERS

                        Many public laws and executive orders have been enacted that provide
                   the Corps with the authority to accomplish its designated responsibilities
                   (Appendix 1). As early as 3 March 1875 under the Rivers and Harbors
                   Act, funds were made available to the Secretary of the Army to perform
                   the Corpsloperational requirements on navigable waterways. This act
                   has been modified throughout the years, and on 31 December 1970, Public
                   Law 91-611, the Rivers and Harbors and Flood Control Act was passed.
                   Section 123 of this public law designated that the Chief of Engineers
                   should construct, operate, and maintain contained spoil disposal facil-
                   ities of sufficient capacity in the Great Lakes region. In 1972, Section
                   103 of Public Law 92-532, the Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries
                   Act charged the Corps with the authority to issue permits for the transpor-
                   tation of dredged material for,the purpose of dumping this material in ocean
                   waters, where it has been determined that the dumping will not unreasonably
                   degrade or endanger human health, welfare or amenities, or the marine
                   environment, ecological systems or economic potential. It also authorized
                   the Chief of Engineers to extend to all navigable waters, connecting
                   channels, tributary streams, other waters of this U.S. and waters contiguous
                   to the U.S., a comprehensive program of research, study and experimentation
                   relating to dredged material.

                        One of the most significant public laws, Public Law 94-587, the Water
                   Resources Development Act of 1976, vested in the Secretary of the Army
                   acting through the Chief of Engineers, the responsibility for the con-
                   struction, repair, and preservation of certain public works on rivers

                                                    111-148

                 DOD/CORPS                                                  FY 1983 UPDATE

                 and harbors for navigation, flood control and other purposes. Over 25,
                 projects were authorized under this act. In addition, Section 150 of
                 the public law gave authority to the Chief of Engineers to establish
                 wetland areas as part of an authorized water resources development project.
                 The Chief of Engineers must make a judgment as to the environmental,
                 economic and social benefit of the wetland areas.

                      In the Corps, dredging and dredged material disposal
                 policies and practices are related to the following activities:

                      a.  Channel dimensions authorized

                      b.  Prohibition on dredging shoreward of harbor lines

                      c.  Reconnaissance and condition surveys.

                      d.  Channel sweeping

                      e.  After dredging surveys

                      f.  Channel dimensions to be provided

                      g.  Channel clearing

                      h.  Disposal of dredged material (Public Laws 92-500,
                          92-5321, 92-611, 94-587)

                      i.  Alternate disposal areas

                      j.  Initial maintenance

                      k.  Performance of dredging

                      1.  Hopper dredged assignments

                      m.  Operation of hopper.dredges

                      n.  Diked containment areas (Public Law 91-611 and
                          Public Law 94-587).

                      o.  Beach nourishment (Public Law 94-587j

                      Environmental considerations related to dredged material disposal.
                 policies and practices are found in.the Federal Water 'Pollution Act and
                 Amendments of 1972 (PL 92-500).. The following sections are prominent in
                 the Corps' mission:

                      a.  Section 404(a) - Permit Authority

                      b.  Section 404(b) - Guidelines Development by EPA for Site
                          Specification

                      C.  Section 404(e) - Site Selection Prohibition by EPA

                                                   111-149

                   DOD/CORPS                                                  FY 1983 UPDATE

                        d.  Section 404(r) - Exemption for Congressionally
                            Authorized Projects - 404 in Planning Phase

                        e.  Section 404(t) - State Permits

                        f.  Section 307(a)(5) - Toxic Substances and Effluent
                            Standards

                        g.  Section 311 - Oil and Hazardous Substances

                        h.  Section 401 - State Certification

                        i.  Section 403(c) - Ocean Discharge Criteria

                        J.  Section 313 - Compliance with Federal and State
                            Requirements

                   The Corps' authority to perform their mission can be separated as
                   follows:

                        a. Discharge of Dredged and Fill Material into Waters of the United
                   States - Section 404 of PL 92-500 authorized the Secretary of the Army,
                   acting through the Chief of Engineers, to issue permits for the discharge
                   of dredged or fill material into waters of the United States at-specified
                   disposal sites. It also provides that guidelines developed by the EPA
                   be applied by the Corps in selection of disposal sites and in the application
                   review process. The Corps issued final regulations for the Regulatory
                   Program of the Corps of Engineers in July 1977 (Federal Register, Vol. 40,
                   No. 173, 5 September 1975) to be used by the Corps in evaluating proposed
                   discharges of dredged or fill material into navigable waters. In May 1976,
                   the Corps issued an interim guidance manual as specified in the 5 September 1975
                   Federal Register, Ecological Evaluation of Proposed Discharge of Dredged
                   or Fill Material into Navigable Waters, USAE Waterways Experiment Station
                   MP D-76-17, to initiate implementation of the program.

                        Determinations to be made in a 404(b) evaluation include: an evaluation
                   of feasible alternatives; a determination that the discharge meets all
                   of the requirements of the Act (PL 92-500); a determination that the
                   proposed discharge will not result in an unacceptable degradation of the
                   physical, biological, and chemical integrity of the waters of the United
                   States; and consider the factors in Section 403(c)(1) and 404(c) of the
                   Act. Further, the proposed discharge will be conducted in a manner to
                   minimize potential degradation of the physical, biological, and chemical
                   integrity of the waters of the United States.

                        Other rules and regulations that apply to dredged and fill material
                   discharges into waters of the United States are given in 33 CFR 209-145,
                   Disposal of Dredged Material in Navigable Ocean Waters., 22 July 1974 (39
                   FR 26635-26642); Consideration of Wetlands Policies in Operations and
                   Maintenance Activities, EC 1130-2-157 (Project Operation); Environmental
                   Consideration: Water@Quality and Wetlands, Draft ER 1105-1-401 (Planning);
                   Implementation of Executive Order 11988 on floodplain management,
                   ER 1165-2-XXX; and other specific references given in Section 3 of this
                   ER.

                                                    111-150

               DOD/CORPS                                                  FY.1983 UPDATE

                    b.  Transportation for the Dumping of Dredged  Material into Ocean
               Waters - Section 103 of the Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries
               Act of 1972, PL 92-532, specifies that all proposed operations involving
               the transportation and dumping of dredging material into ocean waters
               must be evaluated to determine the potential environmental impact of
               such activities. This must be done by the Secretary of the Army and the
               Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) acting
               cooperatively through the District Engineer and Regional Administrator.
               Environmental evaluation must be in accordance with criteria published
               by EPA in the Federal Register, Vol 42,.No. 7, Tuesday, 14 January 1977..
               Implementation of this evaluation program is aided by use of an EPA/CE
               Technical Committee on Criteria for Dredged and Fill Material,,"Ecological
               Evaluation of Proposed Discharge of Dredged 'material into Ocean Waters;
               Implementation Manual for Section 103 of PL 92-532 (MPRSA of 1972),"
               July 1977. The ocean dumping criteria require that what are listed as
               interim ocean disposal sites be designated.as final ocean disposal sites
               by January 1980. This designation can only follow a comprehensive ecological
               investigation of the site and preparation of an EIS on the site designation
               by the EPA.

                    An ocean dumping  evaluation must consider materials prohibited from
               disposal by international treaty (PL 92-254), the environmental impact,
               general compatibility of the material.with the disposal site, the need
               for ocean dumping with a thorough review of alternatives, impacts on
               aesthetics, recreation, and economics, And impacts on-other uses of the
               oceans. Evaluations in 33 CFR 209.120 or 33 CFR 209.145 must also be
               applied.

                    In addition, Section 115 of the Federal Water Pollution,Control Act,
               Amendments of 1972, states that the Admini"strator of the.Environmental
               Protection Agency be directed to identify the location of in7place pollutants
               with emphasis on toxic pollutants in harbors.and navigable waterways and.
               is authorized, acting through the Secreta.ry.of the.Army, to make contracts
               for the removal and approp riate disposal of such materials from critical
               port and harbor areas.

                   .The research conducted by the Corps of Engineers in regards to its
               mission responsibilities is accomplished under the.authority of Public
               Law 95-224 dated 3'February 1978.. Being-the only Federal agency with
               primary responsibilities in navigation, flood control and hydropower, it
               is essential to have a research program that addresses timely solutions
               to our-pressing problem in, c6astal-and inland waters.. Our program in
               OPRDM is designed-to provide these solutions.

                                                 111-151

                                                                                FY 1983 UPDATE

                                          DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
                                          DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY

                                            MISSION STATEMENT

                     The U.S. Navy, as a major service of the Department of Defense has
                the primary mission.of national security of the Uni.ted States. Because
                the primary operational medium of the U.S. Navy is the oceans of the
                world, it is only natural that the oceanic environment should be the
                object of extensive research.

                     The environmental quality research conducted within the Department
                of the Navy is in response to needs generated by standards established
                by environmental legislation. It.is Navy policy to comply with Federal.,
                state, and international environmental regulations. Navy ships are being
                outfitted with the necessary equipment and are required to follow dis-
                charge restrictions in compliance with governing regulations.

                     The Navy began a ship-related pollution abatement program in 1970
                in response to new and challenging Federal environmental protection
                legislation and Executive Orders. During its very early phase it was
                assumed that available technology could be applied to Navy ships with
                little or no.modification. This assumption quickly proved to be erron-
                eous because of problems with space and weight limitations, maintain-
                ability and reliability, manning criteria, and the unique characteristics
                of the wastes generated. Consequently, a comprehensive research and
                development program was established in 1972, both to develop new tech-
                nologies for ship pollution abatement equipment and to make major modif-
                Ications to existing equipment to make it suitable for mission unique
                operations.

                                     FEDERAL PERSONNEL AND FACILITIES

                     The Navy has four scientific personnel who are specifically assigned
                to the Marine Pollution Program described herein and makes use of a
                laboratory and associated equipment at David Taylor Naval Ship Research
                and Development Center, Annapolis, MD. The laboratory and various
                instruments such as an atomic absorbtion spectroscopy device are used
                primarily for other environmental programs but are are shared for the
                programs described herein.

                                           PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

                               Environmental Protection Technology Program

                     The Environmental Protection Technology Program consists of four
                program elements of the Navy Research, Development, Test and Evaluation
                budget in the areas of Research (61152N & 61153N), Exploratory Develop-
                ment (62765N), and Advanced Development (63721N). Naval Systems Commands
                and laboratories, frequently assisted by private sector contractors, and
                universities, execute the program. The bulk, of this program concerns

                                                 111-201

                    DODMAVY                                                   FY 1983 UPDATE

                    the development of onboard systems for source reduction, control, and
                    treatment technology. This includes establishment and maintenance of a
                    data base on quality and generation rates of all shipboard wastes includ-
                    ing expended ordnance. The remainder of the effort addresses environmen-
                    mental and health effects of, primarily, hull antifouling coatings which
                    are essential for maintenance of top speed capability but slowly release
                    heavy metal compounds. Removal of such coatings in drydock operations
                    can create environmental problems. This led to the development of systems
                    to detoxify organotin hull coatings and paint removal debris, and studies
                    of short and long-range environmental effects of organotin compounds.

                         The Navy.Environmental Protection Technology Program has activities
                    related to Ocean Pollution Research, Development and Monitoring (OPRDM)
                    concentrated in the following two areas:

                         o Ordnance
                         o Paints and Antifouling Coatings

                    Ordnance

                         It is essential that the Navy test the underwater effectiveness of
                    new explosives and weapons. However, tests have been delayed or moved
                    because of environmental concerns. The ability to predict environmental
                    effects will allow the preparation of credible impact statements, thus
                    complying with legal requirements as well as avoiding costly delays. A
                    set of preliminary guidelines was developed. Topics studied included
                    effects of explosion on fish with swiur-bladders in deep water and benthic
                    organisms, dispersion of explosion products, cratering and noise. Input
                    was provided to several Environmental Impact Statements. Ordnance program
                    plans are to computerize existing prediction models, develop a method to
                    predict damage to mammals, design a method to disperse fish from explo-
                    sive test areas, and publish a handbook of comprehensive environmental
                    guidelines for underwater tests.

                    Paints and Antifouling Coatings

                         Organotin-based antifouling hull coatings are commercially avail-
                    able and a decision for Fleet-wide use is pending. Very substantial
                    dollar benefits from fuel savings and reduced number of drydocks are
                    expected. In compliance with the National Environmental Policy Act, an
                    Environmental Assessment (EA) of the Fleet-wide use of organotin paints
                    is being prepared. This EA includes Naval operations at San Diego,
                    Norfolk, Vallejo, Little Creek, Pearl Harbor and Charlestown as well
                    as the preparation of dynamic estuary models of some of these harbors.
                    Harbor modeling is being coordinated with the U.S. Army Corps of Engin-
                    eers. In support of the EA the following RDT&E Efforts are underway:
                    a) Chronic toxicity data to calculate a chronic water quality standard
                    according to EPA procedures; b) Organotin degradation rates and path-
                    ways in the water column, sediment and tissues; c) Bioavailability of
                    organotin after it enters the environment and absorbs on particulate
                    surfaces; d) Bioconcentration in several marine organisms as well as
                    food chain effects; e) Toxicity of sediments containing organotin and
                    the effect on dredge disposal; f) Harbor monitoring strategies including

                                                     111-202

                  DOD/NAVY                                                     FY 1983 UPDATE

                  development of analytical procedures to speciate organotin at the parts
                  per trillion level and the use of sentinel organisms such as mussels;
                  g) Shipyard procedures to minimize or eliminate discharge of organotin
                  from drydocks.

                  Objectives

                      . Develop procedures and equipment to minimize or eliminate oragantoin
                  antifouling paint wastes generated during drydock operations, and assess
                  the environmental consequences of the Fleet-wide use of these paints.

                  Goals

                       The goals of the Navy Environmental Protection Technology Program
                  are to

                  �    Develop systems and procedures that will permit the Navy to meet
                       present and future environmental regulations without imparing
                       military readiness of its operational units;

                  �    Develop environmental protection technology that meets Navy needs
                       and requirements in a timely and cost-effective manner, when tech-
                       nology from the civilian sector is not adequate or applicable;

                  �    Develop data and information, pertinent to Navy operations, on which
                       to base new or changed standards or criteria; and,

                  �    Develop, in concert with other agencies, an environmental technology
                       base that includes pollution source reduction   , abatement or treament
                       techniques, and an assessment of Navy operations on the environment.

                  Estimated Funding (in thousand $)

                       The listing below represents a summation of planning estimate for each
                  year as shown.

                       FY82      FY83     FY84      FY85*

                      $1,039    $1,125   $1,820    $2,100

                    Presidential budget  submission

                  Program Manager

                       For further details contact:

                       Dr. James Decorpo
                       U.S. Navy
                       NAVSEA, 05R
                       Washington, D.C. 20362
                       (202) 692-9480

                                                     111-203

            IV. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY

                                                                                           FY 1983 UPDATE

                                                    DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY

                                                           CONTENTS

                                                                                                        fage

                   MISSION AND MANDATES     ...........................        ..................    IV-101

                   HISTORY OF DOE MARINE RESEARCH       ........................    o .............  IV-101

                   CONDUCT OF DOE MARINE RESEARCH       ....         ...................     *.....  IV-102

                   FEDERAL PERSONNEL AND FACILITIES       .......................     *  ...... o. ... IV-103

                   COORDINATION WITH OTHER AGENCIES       .......   o..........................      IV-103

                   DOE ORGANIZATION CHART.... o     ..............      ......................   0. IV-104

                   DOE PROGRAM FUNDING SUMMARY      .................    o...... o  ..............   IV-105

                   DOE FUNDING EMPHASIS GRAPH       ........................................         IV-106

                   DOE OCEAN POLLUTION PROGRAMS      .........................      o ............   IV-103

                         Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Program         ....... oo  ........... o. IV-IL03

                         Ecological Research Programs      ...........................       o.....  IV-IL08

                             Regional Marine Program      ........  o........................    o. IV-1.08

                             Radioecology Program.... .................                       .....  IV-1.10

                             Physiological Ecology Program-         ..............           ......  IV-112

                         Strategic Petroleum Reserve Program        ...... o.........  o ...         IV-1.14

                         Subseabed Disposal Program      .................          ..............   IV-1.19

                                                              IV-i

                                                                               FY 1983 UPDATE

                                            DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY

                                            MISSION AND MANDATES

                     The Department of Energy (DOE) plans and manages Federal energy
                programs. A major DOE objective is to carry out or manage comprehensive
                and well balanced research to ensure that energy programs are consistent
                with national enVironmental goals and policies. To fulfill these DOE
                missions and objectives, an extensive marine research program is
                conducted by the Department. The elements of this marine research
                program are described in this document.

                     kutho.rity to support a marine research program is provided by the
                following legislation:

                0    P.L. 585, the Atomic Energy Ac "t of 1946, authorized the conduct of
                     research and development activities relating to utilization of
                     fissionable' and radioactive materials for medical, biological, and
                     health purposes and for the protection of health during research
                     and development activities.

                0    P.L. 83-703, the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended, expanded
                     the authority of the AEC to make arrangements for the protection of
                     health and the promotion of safety during research and production
                     activities, and the preservation and enchancement of a viable environment.

                0    P.L. 93-577,  the Federal Non-Nuclear Energy Research and Development
                     Act of 1974, authorized the initiation of a comprehensive non-
                     nuclear energy research, development, and demonstration program to
                     Include the environmental and social consequences of the various
                     technologies.

                0    P.L. 95-91, the Department of.Energy Organizational Act of 1977,
                     provided for the incorporation of national environmental protection
                     goals in the formulation and implementation of energy programs and
                     to advance the goals of restoring, protecting and enhancing
                     environmental quality in the pursuit of energy development.

                                      HISTORY OF DOE MARINE RESEARCH.

                     In 1954, the contamination by radioactive fallout of a Japanese
                fishing boat and its load of fish from the Pacific atomic bomb tests
                stimulated the development of an Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) program
                of oceanography. The AEC research addressed whether radioactivity
                released to the ocean would be transported into Japanese waters by the
                Kuroshio Current, whether fish taken from contaminated areas of the
                ocean could be safely eaten, and what the ultimate fate of the radio-
                activity would be. The oceanography work done, mostly by academic
                scientists, led to the 1957 publication of the National Academy of
                Sciences of Oceanography and Fisheries calling for "fundamental research--
                in the next decade--to learn more about the ocean and its contents than
                has been learned since modern oceanography began 80 years, ago."

                                                   IV-101

                   DOE                                                           FY 1983 UPDATE

                        The oceanographic program which grew in the 19601s, addressed the
                   NAS concerns. The problem was made easier by the pollutant itself.
                   Radionuclides decay at fixed rates, and oceanographers were able to use
                   a number of radionuclides to follow and time the processes occurring in
                   the ocean. In 1971, the National Academy of Sciences published
                   "Radioactivity in the Marine Environment" which synthesized what had
                   been learned since the initial atomic bomb detonation in the Pacific.
                   Almost all of this research was done by contractors to the AEC, a
                   predecessor of the Department of Energy.

                      . The wisdom in setting up the initial program to learn the processes
                   in the ocean that affect behavior of radioactivity rather than to simply
                   monitor radioactivity is now evident. The fundamental processes that
                   govern the movement of radionuclides in the ocean also control the
                   behavior of other pollutants in the marine environment; the initial
                   program thus provided the tools and insight to proceed with the problem
                   of other energy-derived pollutants.

                        In the early 19701s, fallout had subsided, and the new concern of
                   the AEC was for radioactivity from shore-based nuclear plants and other
                   energy-related activities, and the possibility of marine contamination
                   from offshore nuclear power plants. In response, the marine program was
                   extended into shallow coastal water, where pollution problems are much
                   greater. Boundary areas in the ocean are always productive, and the
                   coastal zone with interfaces of land with water and seawater with fresh
                   water are especially productive and subject to damage from pollutants.
                   At the same time, there is less water available in'the shallow coastal
                   waters to dilute the pollutants which flow into this area.

                        To attack the complex problems on the shelf more effectively, a
                   program was initiated in the mid-1970's to create regional research
                   teams made up of biologists, chemists, and physical oceanographers,
                   because interdisciplinary teams would more rapidly and effectively
                   unravel the problems by working together.  This concept is now
                   operational in the New York Bight, the Southeast, California, and
                   working together under regional coordinators, often in cooperation with
                   other government agencies.

                        The Depa rtment of Energy is gaining an understanding of the cycling
                   and behavior of energy-relatdd pollutants in the coastal zone from its
                   long experience and by its focus on processes and systems through the
                   use.of regional teams and laboratory studies. This long-term approach
                   is unique among government agencies with marine research efforts but it
                   has been an important element in giving an understanding of the dynamics
                   of pollutants in the coastal areas.

                                         CONDUCT OF DOE MARINE RESEARCH

                   DEPARTMENT ORGANIZATION

                        DOE marine research is conducted in four major program offices.
                   The following offices conduct ocean pollution research, development and
                   monitoring:

                                                     IV-102

                DOE                                                           FY 1983 UPDATE

                �    Conservation and Renewable Energy   Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion
                     (OTEC) Program

                �    Energy Research   Ecological Research Programs

                �    Environmental Protection, Safety, and Emergency Preparedness
                     Strategic Petroleum Reserve Program

                �    Nuclear Energy   Subseabed Disposal Program

                                     FEDERAL PERSONNEL AND FACILITIES

                     While no one at DOE is exclusively assigned to marine pollution
                studies, the amount of time spent in support of pollution work while
                performing other full time duties can be roughly estimated as 3 FTE,
                professional and 0.5 FTE secretarial/clerical. DOE has no laboratories
                or equipment dedicated to marine pollution research because all such work
                is performed under contract.

                                     COORDINATION WITH OTHER AGENCIES

                     Coordination of the marine program with other agencies takes place
                at the headquarters level and at the regional level. At headquarters,
                the staff maintains a close liaison with staff members of other agencies
                by attending program reviews held by other agencies, and inviting agency
                representatives to the DOE program reviews. Full cooperation and contribu-
                tion of staff time and materials is being provided for interagency committees
                as well. These interactions provide a conduit for information on research
                by other agencies and, more importantly,,provide an opportunity for
                multiagency funding of research projects that are of mutual interest to
                two or more agencies.

                                       DOE OCEAN POLLUTION PROGRAMS

                      The DOE Organization Chart (p. IV-104) shows which organizational
                components of DOE are responsible for specific programs. The DOE Program
                Funding Summary (p. IV-105) provides an overview of DOE programs containing
                elements related to ocean pollution research, development and monitoring
                and provides total program funding levels. The following program descrip-
                ions provide more information on the goals, 6bjectives, and accomplish-
                ents of each program.

                                 Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Program

                     The ocean energy programs of the Department of Energy (DOE) are
                primarily oriented to identifying and extracting renewable sources of
                energy from the oceans. DOE pursues these programs so that it can contribute
                to reducing the national dependence on oil imports and other exhaustible

                                                  IV-103

                                                               U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY

                                                                             Secretary
                                                                        -------------
                                                                        -Deputy Secretary
                                                                          Under Secretary

                                                                                                                        Assistant Secretary,
                      Assistant Secretary,               Assistant Secretary,                Office of Energy          International Affairs &
                         Nuclear Energy           Conservation & Renewable Energy                Research
                                                                                                                        Energy Emergencies

                      Subseabed Disposal       -Ocean Thermal Energy                             Ecol              -Strategic Petroleum
                         Program                   Conversion Program                        Researc                    Reserve Program

                                                                                           Regional Marine Program

                                                                                           Radioecology Program

                                                                                           Physiological Ecology
                                                                                              Program

                           Only offices directly involved in marine pollution research programs are listed.
                                                                                         rRegionaIMarine Prro
                                                                                           Radioecology Prog z

                                                                  DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY

                                                                 PROGRAM FUNDING SUMMARY
                                           RELATED TO OCEAN POLLUTION RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND MONITORING
                                                  HISTORICAL BUDGET AND ESTIMATED OUT-YEAR FUNDING
                                                                 FISCAL YEARS 1982    1985

                                                                                             (in Thousand $)

                                                                        FY 82            FY 83            FY 84            FY 85
                                                                     (Estimated)      (Estimated)      (Estimated)     (Presidential)

                Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Program                 1,040              760              500              500
                Ecological Research Programs
                  Regional Marine Program                               6,931           5,922            5,657            5,657
                  Radioecology Program                                  1,891           1,454            1,247            1,247
                  Physiological Ecology Program                         @1,206          1,306            1,351            1,351
                Strategic Petroleum Reserve Program                     3,300           3,960            2,580            2,680
                Subseabed Disposal Program                              5,900           5,650            6,300            10,400

          C@
                DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY TOTAL                              20,268          199052           17,635           21,835

                                                                        DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
                                                        OCEAN POLLUTION RESEARCH AND MONITORING
                                                                            FUNDING EMPHASIS
                                                                            FY 1983 ESTIMATES

                                                                                           Radioactive
                                                                                          Waste (59%)
                                                                                                                              Brine
                                                                                                                             (41%)

                                                                                        Marine
                                                                      Generic       Waste Disposal
                                                                      Pollution      $9.6 M (50%)
                                                                      Studies
                                                                  $8.7 M (46%)

                                            Pollutant
                                             Effects
                                             (15%)

                                                                                             Marine Energy
                                                                                             Development
                                                                Pollutant Transport          $0.8 M (4%)
                                                                & Transformation
                                                                       (85%):

                  DOE                                                       FY 1983 UPDATE

                  fuels, in accordance with the National Energy Act. Ocean energy research
                  and development efforts of DOE are centralized in the Ocean Energy Systems
                  Program, in the Office of Conservation and Renewable Energy.

                       The description of the program presented here will address only
                  that area applicable to marine pollution studies, a small part of the
                  total effort.

                  Coal

                       The goal,of the Ocean Energy Systems Program is to develop options
                  which can be used to extract and distribute significant amounts of energy
                  from the ocean in a reliable, environmentally acceptable, and cost effective
                  manner.

                  Objectives

                       The program objectives are to identify available ocean energy resources,
                  identify potential energy extraction and conversion techniques, assess
                  technical and economic feasibility, and develop technology to induce
                  industry participation leading to commercial use.

                  Accomplishments

                       During the period of this report, technol ogical research in the Ocean
                  Energy System Program has focused on four techniques for extracting energy
                  from the oceans. These techniques are: ocean thermal energy conversion
                  (OTEC); salinity gradient energy conversion; and, extraction of kinetic
                  energy from waves and currents.

                       Of the four main technology areas, OTEC is the most advanced. DOE
                  has assessed OTEC as being near economic viability. The other three tech-
                  nologies require further research, technology, and systems-definition efforts
                  to determine promising candidate systems for commercial-scale conceptual
                  design. Accordingly, approximately 95% of the Ocean Energy,Systems Program
                  budget has been allocated to OTEC.

                  Estimated Funding @in thousand $)

                       FY82    FY83      FY84     FY85*

                     $1,040    $760      $500     $500

                   Presidential budget submission

                  Program Manager

                  W. E. Richards
                  DOE, Ocean Energy Technology
                  CE-332) SH-032, Forstl
                  Washington, D.C. 20585
                  Comm: (202) 252-5517                     ...
                  FTS:  252-5517

                                                    IV-107

                  DOE                                                          FY 1983 UPDATE

                                         Ecological Research Programs

                       The Office of Energy Research's efforts in ocean research are primarily
                  in the Office of Health and Environmental Research (OHER). Legislation
                  established a broad mission of comprehensive research on the overall environ--
                  mental effects of energy technology developments, which includes nuclear,
                  fossil fuel, and other renewable resources.

                  Goal

                       This research program was established to conduct a scientifically sound
                  and comprehensive program of research and assessment to identify, analyze
                  and reduce health and environmental uncertainties that impede the
                  implementation of domestic energy policy in a manner that is safe  and
                  environmentally acceptable.

                  Objectives

                       The marine research program is a very small part of a broader,
                  integrated program of health and environmental research designed to
                  identify, measure, and characterize energy-related releases of pollution
                  into the terrestrial, freshwater, and marine environment; understand
                  their transport, conversion, and ultimate fate; determine their ecological
                  impact; and define their potential effects on human health. In addition,
                  research is supported to identify processes that degrade and detoxify
                  energy materials. Those program areas including marine research are the
                  Regional Marine Program, the Radioecology Program, and the Physiological
                  Ecology Program. A brief description of the goals and objectives of
                  these three programs and the accomplishments that are broadly applicable
                  to marine pollution are described below.

                  Regional Marine Program

                       The marine waters surrounding the U.S. provide food and resources on
                  the one hand while assimilating discharges from various sources on the
                  other. Different energy-related technologies can have similar impacts on
                  the marine system, such as causing shifts in marine populations due to
                  nutrient changes, disruption of breeding areas, increased incidence of
                  diseased organisms, etc. In order to anticipate or predict these impacts
                  and develop strategies to mitigate against serious damage, the functioning
                  and dynamics of the marine system need to be studied, particularly to
                  understand which impacts can cause serious or long lasting-injury and
                  which ones can be assimilated with minimum perturbation. Furthermore,
                  understanding of processes will aid in the technological development of
                  new and innovative energy sources derived from the ocean system.

                  Goal

                       The goal of the Regional Marine Program is to conduct research that
                  will establish a base of knowledge that is necessary to evaluate the
                  impact of both present and future energy development on the oceans, par-
                  ticularly waters adjacent to the continental U.S.

                                                     IV-108

                 DOE                                                        FY 1983 UPDATE'

                 Objectives

                      The long-term research in this program is carried out to determine the
                 movement of water masses and modification of movement patterns by natural
                 factors in order to explain how nutrients, energy-related chemicals, and
                 living and non-living particles will be transported, distributed and
                 deposited. Additional objectives include determining the pathways and
                 fates of energy-related materials in marine food chains and the resilience
                 of the marine coastal system disturbed by energy-related activities.

                 Accomplishments

                 �    Mid-shelf water in the Northwest was found to move faster than near
                      or outer shelf water in the same direction as the prevailing winds.
                      Research indicated that shelf currents often move in directions
                      opposite to mid and outer shelf currents. This is important for
                      predicting the dispersion of major spills that may take place in
                      this region.

                 �    Pollutants discharged from the rivers off Georgia, South Carolina,
                      or Northern Florida, were found to enter into a long shore circulation
                      along the coast and flush only slowly into outer shelf waters. .
                      Materials in the mid shelf area are removed on an average of every
                      15 days. Flushing time of water masses at the shelf break is from
                      two to five days.

                 0    A simple, inexpensive model has been developed which incorporates
                      the effects of bottom organisms on the transport of sediments and
                      pollutants bound to sediments so that cycling and accumulation of
                      pollutants can be predicted.

                 �    Large scale climatic events in the eastern North Pacific bring
                      nutrients to the surface, regulating the productivity in the South
                      Carolina Bight. A model that couples productivity with climatic
                      changes, including sea surface temperature, has been developed to
                      determine which increases of primary productivity in the Bight are
                      related to these natural events versus those of anthropogenic origin.

                 �    The flow of continental shelf water was found to move southwestward
                      along the east coast, collecting water and pollutants from estuaries
                      and ultimately moving off the shelf near Cape Hatteras.

                 �    Primary production in the Mid-Atlantic Bight was determined to vary
                      seasonally by a factor of ten, indicating a baseline of variance
                      with which manmade disturbances might be compared. This contrasts
                      with the South Atlantic Bight where seasonal changes in productivity
                      do not-occur. In the Mid-Atlantic Bight, productivity was found to
                      be driven by shelf break intrusions of nutrient-rich subsurface
                      water, by tidal mixing on Georges Bank and its subsequent movement
                      down current, and by estuarine discharge of increasing volume from
                      north to south. Thus, if there is interference with or pollutant
                      introduction into these intrusions or eddies, productivity in the
                      region could be affected.

                                                   IV-109

                   DOE                                                               FY 1983 UPDATE

                   Estimated Funding (in thousand $)

                        FY82      FY83     FY84      FY85*

                        $6,931   $5,922   $5,657    $5,657

                     Presidential budget  submission

                   Program Managers

                   William Forster
                   Office of Energy Research
                   ER75 (GTN)
                   U.S. Department of Energy
                   Washington, DC 20545
                   (301) 353-5079 (FTS) 233-5079

                   George Saunders
                   Office of Energy Research
                   ER75 (GTN)
                   U.S. Department of Energy
                   Washington, DC 20545
                   (301) 353-5548 (FTS) 233-5548

                   Charles Osterberg
                   Office of Eneegy Research
                   ER75 (GTN)
                   U.S. Department of Energy
                   Washington, DC 20545
                   (301) 353-3035 (FTS) 353-3035

                   Radioecology Program

                        Radionuclides, which enter the environment from nuclear power plants,
                   worldwide fallout or from natural sources, present us with both a problem
                   and an opportunity. The problem is that food chains or processes might
                   return certain radionuclides to humans. The opportunity results from the
                   fact that radionuclides, with their built-in timing mechanisms, are
                   useful tools in determining the rates of oceanographic, geochemical, and
                   biological processes. Mixing rates, turnover times, and rates of sedimenta-
                   tion are examples of processes that have been greatly clarified by the use
                   of radionuclides in the ocean.

                   Goals

                        Understanding the processes that affect the fate and behavior of
                   radionuclides and analogous trace metals in the ocean is a major goal
                   of this program as well as the determination of pathways that lead back
                   to humans. A further goal is to relate radionuclide behavior to other
                   trace elements in the ocean.

                                                         IV-110

                  DOE                                                        FY 1983 UPDATE

                  Objectives

                       Research is conducted to gain better understandings of the many
                  processes in the ocean that affect the movement and fate of radionuclides
                  and other pollutants. The program is designed to take advantage of the
                  unique properties of naturally occurring and artificial radionuclides,
                  the extreme sensitivity of detection and the known rates of decay, to
                  provide an insight into how fast materials in the ocean are turning over,
                  and where the major sinks and reservoirs are.

                  Accomplishments

                  �    A synthesis of several years of study has shown.that many radioactive
                       and other trace elements move laterally in the ocean-often ending up
                       in continental shelf areas where they are concentrated at the sediment-
                       water interface.

                  �    The Specific-Activity concept, utilizing the isotope dilution factor,
                       is a way to protect humans from radioactivity introduced into the
                       ocean. This concept is widely used by health officials in the United
                       States, and it allows regulators to limit the amount of any radio-
                       nuclide dumped in the-ocean to levels that do not impact humans.

                  �    Radionuclides were discovered to be useful as tracers for physical
                       transport processes. Certain naturally occurring radionuclides, such
                       as those in the thorium and uranium series and those pro.duced by
                       cosmic ray bombardment, as well as radionuclides which have been
                       introduced into the environment through weapons testing or waste
                       disposal procedures may be used as tracers. Tracers which dissolve
                       and maintain their solubility were found to be useful in determining
                       water mass movements while those which adsorb strongly to particulate
                       matter were found advantageous to measure sedimentation rates and the
                       rates and direction of horizontal movement of sediments on ocean
                       bottoms.

                  Estimated Funding (in thousand $)

                       FY82     YY83     FY84     FY85*

                      $1,891   $1,454   $1,247   $1,247

                    Presidential budget submission

                  Program Managers

                  William Forster
                  Office of Energy Research
                  ER75 (GTN)
                  U.S. Department of Energy
                  Washington, DC 20545
                  (301) 353-5079 (FTS) 233-5079

                                                     IV-111

                   DOE                                                          FY 1983 UPDATE

                   Charles Osterberg
                   Office of Energy Research
                   ER75 (GTN)
                   U.S. Department of Energy
                   Washington, DC 20545
                   (301) 353-3035 (FTS) 233-3035

                   Robert Watters
                   Office of Energy Research
                   ER75 (GTN)
                   U.S. Department of Energy
                   Washington, DC 20545
                   (301) 353-5329 (FTS) 233-5329

                   Physiological Ecology Program

                        The Physiological Ecology Program studies model systems and factors
                   such as genetics and physiology that respond to pollutant exposure. The
                   research plan is designed to identify and distinguish between: (1) the
                   chronic effects of pollution which act on the organism and cause histological,
                   physiological, genetic, developmental, etc., changes; (2) the population
                   and community level effects resulting from sublethal effects on individuals
                   that ultimately change the potential of the populations to grow, reproduce,
                   and compete; (3) effects on the community level arising from differences
                   in species sensitivity and responses, and; (4) the long-term effects on the
                   ecosystem, i.e., changes in chemical and physical characteristics as well
                   as biological alteration.

                   Goals

                        This program proposes to determine the upper limits of pollutant
                   exposure that will allow organisms and ecosystems to exist without adverse
                   ecological perturbations. By identifying the physiological processes and
                   kinetics governing the fate and transfer of pollutants from source to final
                   residence, pollutant concentrations and chemical species to which organisms
                   are exposed and the resulting impacts may be predicted.

                   Objectives

                        By studying the physiological processes involved, metabolic pathways
                   can be identified, effects of previous exposure can be assessed, compart-
                   mentalization of pollutants may be evaluated in terms of tolerance and
                   potential detoxification mechanisms, and adaptive responses can be recognized.
                   The effects of pollutants on reproduction and development relative to overall
                   population composition and recruitment are crucial factors in predicting if
                   an ecosystem is in jeopardy due to long-term pollution. Vast differences in
                   tolerences and responses exist among species, and these differences need to
                   be known if the impact of energy-related pollutants on marine ecosystems is
                   to be understood.

                                                      IV-112

                DOE                                                                FY 1983 UPDATE

                Accomplishments

                �     Mussels and marine worms which were exposed to mercury and copper,
                      respectively, were found to exhibit enhanced levels of those metals
                      associated with metal-binding proteins, suggesting a natural seques-
                      tration and/or detoxification process. Metal concentration in those
                      organisms is associated with interactions between exposure level,
                      metal species, and duration of exposure and protein synthesis, and
                      is not a strict function of exposure alone. Previous exposure of
                      mussels to low mercury and certain other metal (e.g., copper) con-
                      centrations was found to result in an increased tolerance to normally
                      toxic concentrations of mercury. Regeneration of worm gills injured
                      by copper exposure was observed even while copper concentration was
                      increased in the gills and coincided with the induction of copper-
                      binding proteins.

                �     Antibodies to mercury-binding proteins in mussels have been developed.
                      This will provide a method to identify the location of the cellular
                      mechanism for metal-binding protein synthesis, the storage site(s)
                      of bound metals, and-the depuration process.

                �     Fatty acid variation in three zooplankton communities has been found
                      to display a unique pattern over an annual cycle with environmental
                      change directly related to biochemical variability. Patterns of
                      variation in the minor fatty acids are affected most strongly by
                      physical environmental parameters whereas the variation of the major
                      fatty acids is more responsive to differences in species composition,
                      diversity and food web relationships. Taken together, these two
                      aspects,of biochemical pattern appear to characterize complex species
                      assemblages. The result offers a new strategem for convenient assessment
                      of continually changing.states in a natural commun   ity with application
                      to identification of impacts caused by man.

                Estimated Funding (in thousand $)

                      FY82     FY83      FY84      FY85*

                     $1,206   $1,306    $1,351    $1,351

                  Presidental budget submission

                Program Manager

                Dr. Janet V. Dorigan
                Ecological Research Division
                Department of Energy
                ER-75, Room E239, Mail Stop E20i
                Washington, DC 20545
                (301) 353-5778 (FTS) 233-5778

                                                    IV-113

                   DOE                                                        FY 1983 UPDATE

                                      Strategic Petroleum Reserve Program

                        The Department of Energy has been developing the Strategic Petroleum
                   Reserve (SPR) of up to one billion barrelsi of crude oil as mandated by the
                   Energy Conservation and Policy Act of 1975, Title I, Part B (P.L. 94-163).
                   Most of the SPR storage capacity is being developed utilizing solution-
                   mined caverns in salt domes along the Gulf of Mexico near major existing
                   oil distribution systems and refineries.

                        Caverns are created by controlled dissolution or leaching of salt stock
                   with fresh or brackish water. Creation of one barrel of space produces
                   about seven barrels of brine. Further, injection of one barrel of oil
                   displaces one barrel of brine. Hence, the development of a prototypical
                   200 million barrel (200 MMB) site will produce more than 1,700 MMB of brine
                   to create the caverns and fill them with oil.

                        To meet the schedule objectives of the SPR requires brine disposal at
                   rates from 0.7 to 1.4 MMB per day per sitei The only practicable method
                   of disposal at these rates is ocean discharge. Underground injection has
                   been tried and found impracticable except as a short-term backup at a greatly
                   reduced rate.

                        Brines generally are about 95 percent.saturated (saturation is 264 ppt
                   or 317 g/1 at 15.5*C) and have a density of 1.2 g/l. Brine composition is
                   about 98 percent sodium and chloride, 1 percent sulfate, 0.7 percent calcium,
                   magnesium and potassium and 0.02 percent trace elements. Calcium: magnesium
                   ratio is between 2 and 3. The pH ranges from 7.1 to 7.6. Brine temperature
                   may range from ambient to an.estimated 50*C. Dissolved oxygen, difficult to
                   measure in such a medium, is assumed to approach zero.

                        The major environmental concerns of ocean discharge included: siting
                   considerations; assurance of complete dispersion of the brine plume; biotic
                   effects of elevated salinity; abiotic effects, including distortion of ion
                   ratios in seawater and alteration of sedimentary pore water; hydrocarbons
                   from the caverns dissolved and suspended in the brine; pollutant constitu-
                   ents of the raw water, such as heavy metals and pesticide residues.

                        In anticipation of major data requirements for program decisions and
                   permit acquisition and compliance, the SPR Oceanographic Support Activity
                   was initiated in 1976 with an Interagency Agreement with the National
                   Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Centralized program manage-
                   ment was established in what is now the National Environmental Satellite
                   Data and Information Service (NEDIS), Assessment and Information Services
                   Centers, Marine Environmental Assessment Division. Other NOAA elements
                   involved include the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), the National
                   Ocean Service (NOS), the NOAA Data Buoy Center (NDBC) and the Office of
                   Sea Grant. NOAA has involved the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
                   (MIT), Texas A&M University (TAMU) and the Naval Ocean Research and
                   Development Activity (NORDA). Other universities and private firms have
                   participated under DOE contract.

                     one barrel = 42 U.S. gal.

                                                     IV-114

                 DOE                                                           FY 1983 UPDATE

                      The study area included a 300-mile stretch of the Louisiana-Texas
                 inner continental shelf-in depths ranging from 6 to 21 m and distances
                 from shore ranging from 3 to 26 statute miles. Pre-existing data were
                 scarce throughout the area, particularly time series of statics and
                 kinematics. It is a difficult area for data collection. Experimental
                 designs have been influenced by the high density of shipping traffic and
                 oil and gas production and by the fact.that this is the most heavily fished
                 area.in the world. These factors plus the frequency of tropical storms
                 have contributed to substantial losses of data records and equipment.

                      At the be 'ginning of the program, MIT engineers were tasked to develop
                 a conceptual brine diffuser design and a transient comput   .er model to simu-
                 late dilution rates and areal extent of a negatively buoyant brine discharge
                 from the ocean bottom as a function of Jet mixing from the diffuser ports
                 and current speed and direction, Static bioassays of acute toxicity of re-
                 lated salinity and temperature were conducted on selected species important
                 to the study area and the results were applied to the plume model to predict
                 exposures and effects. A series of four background reports of marine envir-
                 onmental conditions for the area from Bryan Mound to Chacahoula were pre-
                 pared utilizing available data and information. A workshop was convened
                 with participants from government, industry and academia; diffuser siting
                 criteria were recommended; and preliminary candidate diffuser sites were
                 selected for six candidate SPR salt dome storage sites.

                      Site-specific baseline characterizat  ion programs were developed and
                 initiated for the candidate brine diffuser sites associated with Bryan
                 Mound, Big Hill, Black Bayou, West Hackberry, Weeks Island and Chacahoula.
                 The data are diverse as a consequence of differences in priorities and
                 funding among sites and differences in the views of the investigators.
                 In all cases, emphasis was on impacts assessment of brine discharge.

                      Major investments were made in measurement quality control, centralized
                 data management through NEDIS and data synthesis and interpretation. The
                 SPR Program Data Base is archived in the National Oceanographic Data Center,
                 NEDIS.

                      A composite summary of data types among all sites includes the following:
                 Physical data consists of time series obtained by internally recording ,
                 instruments and satellite telemetering instruments of: wind speed and direc-
                 tion; barometric pressure; air and sea surface temperature; water level; wave
                 height and period; near-surface, mid-depth and near-bottom currents with
                 associated conductivity and temperature. In addition, there are monthly
                 shipboard hydrographic observations of CTD/DO and vertical current profiles
                 taken with over-the-side current meters as well as limited data of field
                 efforts to estimate vertical and horizontal eddy diffusion coefficients.

                      With --L-he exception of the NMFS biological and chemical surveys of West
                 Hackberry and Weeks Island, which employed quarterly sampling as a follow-on
                 to prior surveys conducted by DOE contractors, the SPR biological data
                 base includes monthly sampling of meiobenthos, macrobenthos, macrocrustacea,
                 sediment texture, zooplankton, phytoplankton, chlorophyll a and phaeophytin.
                 Nekton sampling was limited to demersal finfish taken with7-bottom trawls.
                 Bacteriology, mycology and microplankton are minimally represented in the
                 SPR data base.

                                                    IV-115

                  DOE                                                        FY 1983 UPDATE

                       Chemical data include hydrocarbons and trace elements in water, sediment
                  and tissues; dissolved and particulate organic carbon in the water column
                  and sediments; total suspended particulates, nutrients and dissolved oxygen
                  in the water column; and major ions dissolved in the water column and in
                  sediment pore water.

                       The longest baseline has been obtained at Bryan Mound where sampling
                  continued without interruption from September 1977 until brine discharge
                  began in March 1980. Black Bayou was terminated after 9 months of sampling,
                  from September 1977 through May 1978. West Hackberry and Weeks Island base-
                  lines consist of 9 months of monthly sampling followed by one year of quar-
                  terly sampling. Big Hill and Chacahoula baselines covered the period
                  September 1977 through October 1978 and September 1977 through November 1978,
                  respectively.

                       The present structure of the SPR Oceanographic Support Activity is in
                  response to permit compliance requirements which include an unusual ,
                  degree of data requirements beyond those traditionally associated with
                  compliance monitoring, for example, site-specific and regional trend and
                  effects assessments and predictions including discrimination of sources of
                  environmental and ecological variation. Specifically, it has been required
                  that the program document the orientation and extent (acreage) of salinity
                  isopleths and types and degrees of effects by acreages about the diffuser
                  and to predict the perturbations,throughout the food web in the adjacent
                  area and throughout regional commercial fisheries. With regard to the
                  last, it is required that the program document the presence or absence of
                  shrimp spawning sites within the range of influence of each brine diffuser.

                  Goal

                       The goal of the SPR Oceanographic Support Activity is to provide the
                  information necessary to support SPR environmental planning, compliance
                  with NEPA, site selection, design and operations decisions and permit
                  acquisition and compliance regarding large-scale ocean discharge of brine.

                  Objectives

                  �    To develop a conceptual design for a large-scale brine diffuser that
                       would result in minimal impacts to the marine environment.

                  �    To develop a computerized time-dependent numerical model to predict
                       dispersion of saturated brine in the marine environment.

                  �    To develop siting criteria for large-scale ocean discharge of saturated
                       brine.

                  �    To develop baseline characterizations of physiography, meteorology,
                       hydrography, circulation, water and sediment quality, and biotic
                       communities at each candidate diffuser site.

                  �    To determine acute toxicity of increased salinity on commercially
                       important species and selected members of their food chain.

                                                     IV-116

                 DOE                                                          FY 1983 UPDATE

                 �    To predict the nature and extent of site-specific effects   of brine
                      discharge on.sediment and water quality and on biotic communities.

                 �    To identify brown and white  shrimp spawning areas off Texas and
                     .Louisiana and relate them to season, hydrographic data and sediment
                      texture,and chemical characteristics.

                 �    To develop techniques  for discriminating among sources of annual
                      variation in regional  shrimp catch.

                 �    To determine avoidance/attraction behavior response of shrimp and
                      redfish to elevated salinities

                 �    To develop shipboard techniques for.observing orientation and
                      extent of the brine plume about the diffuser in near-real time..

                 �    To develop and implement techniques to assure the integrity of each
                      diffuser system and its performance in real time.

                 �    To conduct intensive, site-specific monitoring of brine discharge
                      to determine the nature and extent of effects on the biotic communi-
                      ties and water and sediment quality in the area of brine influence
                      about each diffuser.

                 �    To determine the effects of brine discharge on regional shrimp migratory
                      patterns, reproduction, growth rates and mortality.

                 �    To validate the transient brine plume model by comparing hindcasts
                      with discharge observations.

                 �    To develop computerized ecosystem  models to assess effects of brine
                      discharge on carbon flux throughout the food web.

                 �    To develop a computerized regional data base and provide for its
                      archival in the National Oceanographic Data Center and for public
                      dissemination of results.

                 Accomplishments

                 FY 79-80

                 �    Completed collection of baseline data sets  for candidate diffuser sites
                      associated with Bryan Mound, Big Hill, Black Bayou, West Hackberry,
                      Weeks Island and Chacahoula.

                 �    Completed negotiations and acquired EPA approval of DOE Monitoring
                      Plan for Bryan Mound Brine Disposal to the Gulf of Mexico.

                 �    Successfully conducted.32-day Gulf At-Sea Performance (GASP) Experiment
                      in April/May 1979, a field study to compare in-situ performance of
                      various types of current meters (rotor, acoustic, burst acoustic and
                      burst electro-magnetic), I m, 2 m, 3 m and 4 m off the bottom, and
                      fixed platforms vs. compliant moorings. Environmental conditions were
                      representative of conditions experienced during the entire baseline

                                                    IV-117

                   DOE                                                           FY 1983 UPDATE

                        field effort. Field data correlated laboratory test data with an
                        error prediction model; from these, total measurement uncertainties as
                        functions of environmental variables were developed. Differences in
                        signal-to-noise ratio between rigid and compliant moorings were indeter-
                        minate due to magnitude of vertical shear relative to vertical freedom
                        of movement of tethered instrumints and compliant moorings. Vertical
                        shear averaged 5 x 10-1 s-L, 10 times larger than horizontal shear.

                   0    Installed and initiated operation of BRIMS, a real-time telemetering
                        data acquisition system developed by NORDA for the Bryan Mound diffuser;
                        conductivity/temperature sensors implanted in the bottom about the
                        diffuser, a flow meter installed in the diffuser and a bottom-mounted
                        current meter are hard wired to a buoy which telemeters data to a PDP-11
                        system at the site of processing, conversion to engineering units,
                        storage and transmission to EPA, NOAA and DOE.

                   0    Brine discharge commenced at Bryan Mound Nhrch 1980; TAMU shipboard
                        plume tracking system successful in defining orientation and limits
                        of plume.

                   FY 81

                   �    Installed West Hackberry fixed platform at the diffuser, the telemetering
                        data acquisition system and bottom mounted array of in situ sensors.

                   �    Brine discharge commenced at West Hackberry May 1981; discharge monitoring
                        conducted by McNeese State University and TAMU.

                   �    Completion of first year of Bryan Mound discharge monitoring; corroborated
                        predictions of brine plume model; site-specific environmental impacts
                        negligible.

                   �    Received EPA approval of 'Revised DOE Monitoring Plan for Bryan Mound
                        Brine Disposal to the Gulf of Mexico which reduced the number of
                        variables measured and sampling frequency.

                   FY 82

                   �    Computerized static and dynamic ecosystem models made operational.

                   �    Completed acute toxicity and avoidance/attraction bioassays, spawning
                        site survey, and shrimp-mark release components of regional shrimp
                        fishery assessments; completed regional shrimp fishery baseline for
                        Big Hill.

                   �    Completion of first year of West Hackberry discharge monitoring
                        corroborated favorable monitoring results of Bryan Mound.

                   �    Received EPA approval of Revised DOE Monitoring Plan for West Hackberry
                        Brine Disposal to the Gulf of Mexico which reduced the number of
                        variables measured and sampling frequency.

                                                       IV-118

                   DOE                                                             FY 1983 UPDATE

                   FY 83

                   �    Completed impact assessment of Vrine discharge on shrimp fishery
                        resources.

                   �    Resumed oceanographic characterization     of 'proposed Big Hill brine
                        discharge site.

                   Estimated Funding (in   thousand'$)

                        FY82      FY83     FY84      FY85*

                        $3,300    $3,960   $2,5-80  $2,680

                     Presidential budget   submission

                   Contracting Officer's   Technical Representatives

                        Hal Delaplane
                        Fossil Energy, SPR Headquarters
                        SE531 FORSTL
                        U.S. Department of Energy
                        Washington, DC   20585
                        (202-) 252-4730 (FTS) 252-4730

                                             Subseabed Disposal  Program

                        The Department   of Energy's Subseabed Disposal Program is a component
                   of the larger DOE Commercial Waste Management Program. The major thrust
                   of the Commercial Waste Management Program, under the Assistant Secretary
                   for Nuclear Energy, is toward the isolation of radioactive wastes within
                   stable geologic formations,, at depths reachable by conventional mining
                   methods, including the assessment of subseabed disposal. Legislation has
                   been introduced in the Congress which would require the Federal Government
                   to specify a timetable and waste d  'isposal media for high level waste. The
                   program is being conducted at the Sandia National Laboratory, Albuquerque,
                   New Mexico.

                        The Subseabed Disposal Program is assessing the technical and
                   environmental feasibility of isolating appropriately packaged high-level
                   radioactive wasteand spent reactor fuel within the stable sedimentary
                   formations beneath the deep ocean. The concept as currently envisioned
                   involves the emplacement of high-4evel waste canisters tens of meters into
                   the deep ocean sediments by means of free-fall penetrators, ram injectors,
                   or other controlled emplacement techniq@es.

                   Goals

                        The goals of this program include: develop siting criteria; develop
                   and verify complex models for performance prediction; identify and quantify
                   thermal, chemical, and other interactions of the waste package and the
                   sediment; identify and quantify methods of canister transportation and
                   placement; and perform environmental studies and instrumentation development.

                                                       IV-119

                   DOE                                                        FY 1983 UPDATE

                   Objectives

                         The near-term objectives are to determine if the deep ocean sediments
                   are an effective, natural barrier for confinement of packaged high-level
                   waste; and whether the barriers continue to be effective after emplacement
                   of the waste canisters. The environmental research efforts are primarily
                   focused on determining technical and environmental feasibility, including
                   assessment of ocean currents and mass transport, sorptive characteristics
                   of the deep ocean sediments, radiation and thermal effects, characteriza-
                   tion of the benthic biological community, and the survey of potential
                   location areas. The secondary objective is to develop and maintain the
                   capability for assessing other Nations' ocean disposal programs and to
                   cooperate with them as appropriate.

                   Accomplishments

                         While the program is relatively young, several major accomplishments
                   in the marine pollution area are worth noting. They are:

                   �     Regional study areas have been identified for further study in both
                         the North Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans.

                   �     Physical and chemical data on the red clay sediments indicate a
                         high absorption coefficient for radionuclides.

                   �     Predictive models have been developed which include physical
                         oceanographic transport, biological transport, ion transport through
                         the sediments, thermal effects on sediments, and canister response.

                   �     Internationally, cooperation with other nations on their subseabed
                         disposal programs has been established. The U.S. has participated
                         for several years in the Seabed Working Group of the Nuclear Energy
                         Agency. Significant areas of cooperation have been identified by
                       .the Group.

                   �     Domestically, program representatives have maintained exchange of
                         information and program status review with the other Federal agencies
                         including EPA, NOAA, NRC, NASA, and the Department of State.

                   �     Studies demonstrated that greatly increased temperature changes the
                         pH of sea water from alkaline to acid.

                   �     The first international Biological Oceanography Workshop relative to
                         cycling and transport of radionuclides in subseabed disposal took
                         place in 1981, as did the Sixth NEA Radioactive Waste Management

                   �     Committee/International Seabed Working Group meeting. Proceedings
                         from both meetings were published.

                   �     Identification of key radionuclide pathways back to man and the
                         testing of predictive models using mathematical representations
                         completed.

                                                      IV-120

                 DOE                                                         FY 1983 UPDATE

                 �    A recommendation for a reference study location in the North Atlantic
                      Ocean made.

                 �    Predic tive models for the stability of red clays in thermal and
                      radiation fields completed.

                 �    The question of natural ocean convection occurrence, and how to deal
                      with it, if present, resolved.

                 �    Several papers completed on the characterization of the biota
                      of the deep ocean.

                 Estimated Funding (in thousand

                      FY82     FY83     FY84     FY85*

                     $5,900   $5,650   $6,300   $10,400

                   Presidential budget submission

                 Program Manager

                 Carl Cooley
                 DOE, Office of Waste Isolation
                 RW-24, G-450 (CTN)
                 Washington, D.C. 20545
                 Comm:  (301 ) 353-2431
                 FTS:   233-2431

                                                   IV-121

                                           V. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND
                                                   HUMAN SERVICES

                                                                                        FY 1983 UPDATE

                                         DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES

                                                           CONTENTS

                                                                                                   Page

                     ORGANIZATION CHART    ...................   ...........................      V-ii

                     FUNDING SUMMARY   ......................    ............................   V-iii

                     FUNDING EMPHASIS GRAPH    ...............   ...               ........... . V-iv

                     NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES

                         MISSION......    ..........                             .......          V-101

                         MANDATE  .................   ...........................    ......        V-101

                         FEDERAL PERSONNEL AND FACILITIES       .............................    V-102

                         PROGRAM DESCRIPTIONS

                               Overview   ................................................       V-102

                               Intramural Research Program      .............................    V-102

                               Extramural Program   .................                            V-104

                     FOOD AND  DRUG ADMINISTRATION

                          MISSION  .....................................................         V-201

                          MANDATE  ............ . ... .................................          V-201

                          PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

                               Shellfish Sanitation Program....                       ..... V-201

                          FEDERAL PERSONNEL AND FACILITIES      .....................     ...... V-203

                                                              V-i

                                                  DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES

                                                                             DHHS

                                                                           U.S. Public
                                                                         Health Service

                                         Food and Drug                                                  National Institutes
                                         Administration                                                      of Health

                                                                                                       National Institute of
                                        Bureau of Foods                                                   Environmental
                                                                                                         Health Sciences

                                                                                                  -Extramural Program,
                                          Technology                                                  Intramural Research Program

                                        Division of Food
                                          Technology

                                     Shellfish Sanitation Program

                                     e
                    Only offices involv d in marine pollution research programs are listed.
                                     I  -
                                  [@Divis-c
                                          Tecl

                                                         DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES

                                                                  PROGRAM FUNDING SUMMARY
                                           RELATED TO.OCEAN POLLUTION RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND MONITORING
                                                   HISTORICAL BUDGET AND ESTIMATED OUT-YEAR FUNDING
                                                                FISCAL YEARS 1982 - 1985

                                                                                                        (in thousands $)

                                                                                FlY 8 2         FY 83            FY 84           FY 85
                                                                             (Estimated)     (Estimated)     (Estimated)     (Presidential)

               Natinal Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
                    Intramural Research Program                                    455             309              309            324
                    Extramural Program                                             588             600              788            904

          F.
          F4    Food and Drug Administration
                    Shellfish Sanitation Program                                 2,100           2,200           2,300          .2,450

                                                          DHHS TOTAL             31143           3,109           3,397           3,678

                                          DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
                                          OCEAN POLLUTION RESEARCH AND MONITORING
                                                             FUNDING EMPHASIS
                                                              FY 1983 ESTIMATES

                                                         Pollutant
                                                          Effects
                                                          (100%)

                                                        Generic
                                                        Pollution
                                                        Studies
                                                          $.9m
                                                         (29%)

                                                                                                        Environ.
                                                                                                        Status
                                                                         Monitoring                     (100%)
                                                                          $2.2M
                                                                           (71%)

                                                                           FY 1983 UPDATE

                                  DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
                           NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES

                                                  MISSION

                     The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) has
                 the broadest responsibility among Federal agencies for the support of
                 research, and the training of research manpower, in the area of effects
                 of chemical and physical environmental agents on human health. The
                 research activities of NIEHS, which range from basic research to applied
                 programs are directed toward developing a better understanding of what
                 environmental factors can cause or aggravate environmentally-related
                 diseases and how-and,why these diseases develop. In carrying out its
                 activities, NIEHS focuses on:

                     � Identifying hazardous agents and assessing their effects on human.
                       health;

                     � Identifying susceptible populations and determining the reasons for
                       their susceptibility;

                     � Determining how chemicals are metabolized, stored, and excreted
                       so that predictions as to duration of toxic action, sites of toxic
                       effects, and species differences in chemical toxicity can be made; and

                     � Developing more sensitive, rapid, and species-specific toxicity
                       testing method's and modifying current methods so that injury can
                       be detected at the earliest possible stage in the disease process.

                     While the focus of research and resources supported by NIEHS is on
                 human health, it is clear that NIEHS mission responsibilities encompass
                 the total environment and that much of the understanding of etiological
                 and pathological relations must be developed through experimental models
                 other than man. It.is in this context that NIEHS, through two of its
                 four programs -- the Intramural Research Program and the Extramural
                 Program - supports ocean pollution-related research. This research can
                 be divided into two primary types: (1) Studies of aquatic organisms from
                 polluted waters as early indicators of pollution and sometimes of specific
                 hazardous substances', and (2) studies using aquatic organisms as experimental
                 models for specific diseases.

                                                  MANDATE

                     The authority under which NIEHS supports and conducts its research
                 is Section 301 of the Public Health Service Act, which gives the Secretary,
                 DHHS, broad powers to conduct and support research relating to the causes,
                 diagnosis, treatment, control, and.prevention of physical and mental
                 diseases and impairments of man.

                                                   V-101

                     DHHS/NIEHS                                                    FY 1983 UPDATE

                                           FEDERAL PERSONNEL AND FACILITIES'

                         At this time, no Federal personnel, facilities, vessels, or other
                     equipment are exclusively or substantially employed in direct support of
                     this program. Both the Intramural and Extramural Research Programs
                     serve as a small component of the overall program in Environmental Health
                     Sciences.

                                                  PROGRAM DESCRIPTIONS

                     OVERVIEW

                         The NIEHS Intramural Research Program (IRP) and Extramural Program (EP)
                     activities that support the overall Federal ocean pollution research,
                     development, and monitoring program are aimed at developing an under-
                     standing of the factors in the marine environment which have an adverse
                     effect upon human health and the mechanisms through which that toxicity
                     is expressed. These activities are carried out primarily through the
                     IRP supported Florida Marine Laboratory (the Whitney Laboratory) and three
                     'EP supported Marine and Freshwater Biomedical Research Centers. EP also
                     supports one individual research grant that is related to ocean pollution.

                     NIEHS Support for Ocean Pollution Research

                     Estimated Funding for Ocean Pollution Research (in thousand $)

                             FY82      FY83      FY84     FY85*

                     IRP     $455      $309      $309     $324
                     EP      $588      $600      $788     $904

                     TOTAL Tl-,043     T90-9   Tl _,097  $1,228

                       Presidential budget  submission

                                             Intramural Research Program

                     Program Goals

                         Ocean pollution-related efforts undertaken in the Intramural Research
                     Program involve use of a variety of aquatic animals and mammalian species,
                     for comparison purposes, to understand toxicological/pharmacological/
                     physiological effects and problems. Major emphasis is focused on toxication-
                     detoxication systems, transport and excretionary mechanisms, and membrane
                     toxicity. The'uptake, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of pollutants
                     by various marine species, and the role of metabolism in the storage and the
                     chemical form of the accumulated xenobiotics (or foreign chemicals) in these
                     species is assessed. Major emphasis is on determining how, why, and where
                     marine species accumulate pollutants that have potential for harm to humans

                                                         V-102

                 DHHS/NIEi1S                                               FY 1983 UPDATE

                 and whether or not mixtures of pollutants may lead to'accumulation of more
                 toxic forms or higher levels of pollutants than single chemical exposure.
                 The factors that determine the rate of xenobiotic excretion also are
                 evaluated in aquatic and mammalian species to help assess the mechanisms
                 leading to toxicity of chemicals that occur as environmental pollutants.

                 Accomplishments

                     A recent accomplishment by IRP scientists was the demonstration that
                 excretion of polycyclic. aromatic hydrocarbons and their metabolites depends
                 upon: (a) metabolism to glucuronide and sulfate conjugates and; (b) active
                .tubular secretion of these conjugates via the organic anion transport system.
                 Inhibition of organic anion transport by other anions, including,the pheno-
                 zyacetic acid herbicides, was shown to produce marked retardation of
                 elimination.

                 Program Objectives, FY 1982-1985

                     o To examine the role of conjugation reactions in excretion of
                       environmental chemicals;

                     o To use membrane vesicle techniques to determine the driving force
                       for organic anion transport, which is the primary det'erminant of
                       the rate at which xenobiotics and their metabolites are eliminated;

                     o To exami-ne properties of the membrane processes responsible for
                       sulfate.regulation;

                     o To integrate membrane function and metabolic events to obtain a
                       detailed picture of the processes controlling excretion of foreign
                       chemicals and the effects of these compounds on membrane functions;,

                     o To investigate the metabolism of environmental pollutants in marine
                       species that are used as human food; and

                     o To take advantage of unique bioche'mical/morphological characteristics
                       of toxication-detoxication processes in aquatic animals for mechanistic
                       evaluation.

                 Milestones, FY 1983-1986

                     o Development of a detailed picture of membrane functions (e.g.,
                       lumenal reabsorptice transport of glucose and amino acids,
                       contralumenal secretory transport of sulfate and organic anions)

                     o Correlation of the chemical and physical properties of foreign
                       compounds with their effects on specific processes (e.g., the
                       uncoupler -- protonophore -- pentachlorophenol with contralumenal
                       proton coupled sulfate transport)

                     o Characterization of the glutathionetransferase E-2, E-3, and E-4.

                                                   V-103

                   DHHS/NIEHS                                                     FY 1983 UPDATE

                   Estimated Funding (in thousand $)

                       FY82       FY83        FY84     FY85*

                       $455       $309        $309     $324

                      Presidential budget submission

                   IRP Contact

                       Dr. John R. Bend (19-05)
                       Chief, Laboratory of Pharmacology
                       NIEHS
                       P.O. Box 12233
                       Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27709
                       FTS 629-3422 or (919) 541-3422

                                                 Extramural Program

                   Program Goals

                       The NIEHS Extramural Program is concerned with supporting research on
                   the distribution and alteration of environmental compounds in the marine
                   environment and their accumulation and biological effects in marine biota.
                   Emphasis is placed on understanding known or potential toxic effects in the
                   human population. The Marine and Freshwater Biomedical Research Center
                   grants awarded by NIEHS are targeted toward augment-ing the national level
                   of basic biomedical research related to environmental health in marine and
                   freshwater laboratories and assisting the laboratories to attain stable
                   environments for research and research training in which aquatic organisms
                   are used in the solution of environmental health problems. The areas of
                   particular interest include: (1) dynamics and mechanisms of bioaccumulation
                   and transformation of chemical pollutants, (2) behavioral toxicology,
                   (3) environmental mutagenesis and reproductive toxicology, (4) organ
                   toxicology,,(5) pharmacology, (6) comparative toxicology and pharmacology,
                   and (7) natural toxins.

                   Accomplishments

                       Currently, NIEHS provides support for three Marine and Freshwater Biomedical
                   Research Centers that focus on encouraging the fuller use of marine and
                   freshwater resources in assessment, prediction, and determination of
                   mechanisms of environmental factors hazardous to human health. This support
                   has enabled these centers to focus research in areas of their expertise and
                   to coordinate lectures, meetings, and visiting scholars programs in order to
                   stimulate research and information exchange concerning problems in the marine
                   sciences that are relevant to environmental health.

                   Program Objectives, FY 1982-1985

                       o To examine whether factors such as temperature, salinity, and
                         induction of metabolizing enzymes, affect toxicity primarily
                         by affecting the kinetics of accumulation of xenobiotic from
                         solution;

                                                       V-104

                  DHHS/NIEHS                                                     FY 1983 UPDATE

                      � To identify chemical species containing selenium as      they occur in
                        living organisms so that the manner in which selenium becomes
                        incorporated into higher animals and mammals can be determined,
                        which will increase understanding about the toxicity of selenium
                        compounds;

                      � To study the bioaccumulation of three heavy metals by marine
                        bacteria and help elucidate the relationship between such bio-
                        accumulation and the heavy-metal poisoning of fish and other
                        higher organisms in the marine food chain; and

                      � To study the behavioral aspects of pollution of estuarine and marine
                        systems.

                  Milestones, FY  1983-1986

                      � Continued development and promotion of multidisciplinary research
                        and research training for the mutual assistance in the solution
                        of human-related marine environmental health problems and the use
                        of marine resources in basic research concerning human health problems

                      � Use of aquatic animals for mutagenesis and teratogenesis investigation
                        with environmental pollutants such as hydrocarbons and metals as
                        etiologic agents

                      � Development of pharmacokinetic models for the accumulation by
                        Cyprinodon variegatus of four xenobiotics that are common pollutants
                        of water

                  Estimated Funding (in thousand $)

                      FY82       FY83       FY84       FY85*

                      $588       $600       $788       $904

                    Presidential budget sub  mission

                  EP Contact

                      Alan R. Hough (11-03)
                      Program Analyst, Extramural Program
                      NIEHS
                      P.O. Box 12233
                      Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27709
                      FTS 629-7727 or (919) 541-7727

                                                       V-105

                                                                            FY 1983 UPDATE

                                   DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
                                         FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION

                                                   MISSION

                      The Food and,Drug  Administration (FDA@ is a scientific regulatory
                  agency responsible for the safety of the nation's foods, cosmetics,
                  drugs, medical devices, biologics, and electronic radiological products.
                  Its mission is to assure that: (1) food is safe and wholesome; (2) drugs,
                  biological products, therapeutic devices and diagnostic products are
                  safe and effective; (3) cosmetics are safe; (4) the use of radiological
                  products does not result in unnecessary exposure of radiation and;
                  (5) all of these products are honestly labeled.

                       FDA's regulatory strategy consists of four basic elements. First,
                  its strategy is anticipatory rather than reactionary. It is preventive
                  rather than corrective. Since it does not have the physical or financial
                  resources to continuously police every segment of the industrial community,
                  the agency tries to build safety into products rather than to check for
                  safety after a product has been produced. Second, FDA's regulatory
                  strategy is to base its actions on the'sound analysis of good scientific
                  data. Third, FDA encourages a high level of two-way communications
                  between the agency and its constituents. To that end, FDA has done much
                  in recent years to increase communications with industry, the public, the
                  scientific and medical community, and other interested parties. Finally,
                  the agency regulatory strategy is an enlightened approach to enforcement.
                  Enforcement starts with the establishment of clear standards that are
                  effectively communicated to industry. -Subsequent monitoring and, if
                  necessary, corrective action, is followed by appropriate preventive
                  action to avoid future problems.

                                                   MANDATE

                     .Section 361 of the Public Health Service Act provides for Federal
                  assistance to states in preventing the interstate transmission of disease.
                  Program participation by the 'states in the National Shellfish Sanitation
                  Program is entirely voluntary, and the program's'success is determined
                  primarily by the cooperaiion of state and local food control agencies.
                  Section 401 of the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act authorizes FDA to set
                  standards of quality, Section 402 defines conditions under which a food is
                  considered adulterated,' and Section 403 deals with the proper labeling
                  of foods.

                                             PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

                                         Shellfish Sanitation Program

                      The Shellfish Sanitation Program is a cooperative state-Federal-industry
                  program. As 'part of FDA's responsibility for the safety of food products,

                                                    V-201

                   DHHS/FDA                                                     FY 1983 UPDATE

                   the agency's Bureau of Foods carries out regulatory and research activities
                   to assure that shellfish are safe for human consumption.

                        Shellfish such as oysters, clams, and mussels become contaminated
                   from polluted waters because they have the ability to concentrate
                   pathogenic micro-organisms and toxic chemicals from their environment.
                   The increased population in coastal communities and the trend toward
                   industrial development on estuaries continually increase the potential
                   for harmful pollution in shellfish growing areas. Diseases such as
                   infectious hepatitis, typhoid fever, and diseases caused by metallic
                   poisioning from industrial wastes can be and are caused by the consumption
                   of contaminated shellfish. Naturally occuring marine biotoxins such as
                   paralytic shellfish poison in shellfish also cause illness and death in humans.

                   Goal

                        The goal of the Shellfish Sanitation Program is to assure the safety
                   of shellfish for human consumption.

                   Milestones, FY 1982-1986

                        � Revise administrative procedures and technical guidelines for the
                          sanitary control of growing waters, harvesting, processing facilities,
                          and marketing practices.

                        � Promote the adoption of recommended shellfish sanitary practices for
                          incorporation into State and foreign law and regulations.

                        � Develop and maintain international agreements for the purposes of
                          assuring a safe supply of imported shellfish.

                        � Evaluate annually the effectiveness of State and foreign shellfish
                          sanitary control programs and seek necessary corrective measures.

                        � Conduct research, technical assistance, training courses and seminars
                          to advance the sanitary control of shellfish and improve the safety
                          and quality of shellfish.

                   Estimated Funding (in thousand $)

                        FY82     FY83     FY84      FY85*,

                      $2,100    $2,200 _$2,300     $2,450

                     Presidential budget submission

                   Information Source

                        J. David Clem
                        FDA/Bureau of Foods
                        Shellfish Sanitation Branch
                        200 C Street, S.W.
                        Washington, D.C. 20204
                        (202) 485-0149

                                                       V-202

                                                                            FY 1983 UPDATE
                 DHHS-/FDA

                                      FEDERAL PERSONNEL AND FACILITIES

                      Research-activities associated with the.Agency's.Shellfish Sanita-
                 tion Program are carried out in two facilities, the Northeast Technical
                 Services Unit (NETSU) in Davisville,- Rhode Island, and the Fishery Re-
                 search Branch in Dauphin Island, Alabama, with some additional support
                 activities in the Shellfish Sanitation Branch in Washington D.C.

                 Personnel

                 Scientific Professionals                  20
                 Technicians                                5
                 Secretarial/Administrative support         6

                                                 Total FTEs 31

                 Facilities

                 NETSU:

                      NETSU leases 16,,126 square feet of indoor space in building S-26
                 of the Davisville Complex owned by the Department of Navy. Additionally,
                 4,000 square feet are available in an FDA building located on 1.7 acres
                 of waterfront property in Davisville.

                 (An equipped mobile laboratory is included in the description of equipment.)

                 Fishery Research Branch:

                      The Fishery Research Branch in Dauphin Island, Alabama is situated
                 in a fishery product growing, harvesting, processing, and marketing area
                 which provides easy access to resident and migrating species of marine
                 life and allows year-round field research capability. The sea water
                 environment provides additional research capabilities for studying and
                 solving practical regulatory problems of public health significance.

                      The main building, which is in very good condition, houses the labora-
                 tories, offices and support services. The facility is a single story structure
                 of masonry construction. Total floor space is about 10,000 square feet
                 consisting of 11 laboratory modules (lOx2O) and a wet laboratory for the
                 conduct of studies utilizing holding or flow-through sea water systems.
                 The wet laboratory has a 150 gallon-per-minute temperature-controlled sea
                 water supply.

                 VESSELS

                      There are no vessels exceeding 50 feet in the Shellfish Sanitation Program.

                                                   V-203

                     DHHS/FDA                                                  FY 1983 UPDATE

                     EQUIPMENT (Cost > $10,000)

                     NETSU:

                     1.  Mobile Bacteriological Laboratory   12 tons

                     2.  Walk-In Facilities:
                         Freezer       - 8' x 12' x 6 3/4' -200C
                         Incubator     - 8' x 121 x 6 3/4'    350C
                         Refrigerator  - 81 x 121 x 6 3/4'     50C

                     3.  Ultracentrifuge
                     4.  "Better Built" Glassware Washer
                     5.  Autoclave

                     Fishery Research Branch:

                     1.  Three Spectrophotometers:
                         #AA503 (w/accessories)
                         Varian #118C (w/accessories)
                         PE#MFF-4 (w/accessories)

                     2.  Beta Liquid Scintillation Counter (w/accessories)
                     3.  Gamma Tamdem. Counter
                     4.  Packard Sampler Oxidizer
                     5.  Multi-Scan Titertex

                                                       V-204

                                                                                  VI. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

                                                                                        FY 1983 UPDATE

                                                DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

                                                           CONTENTS

                                                                                                      Page

                   DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ORGANIZATIONAL CHART         ...................     VI-ili

                   DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FUNDING SUMMARY        ........................      VI-iv

                   MINERALS MANAGEMENT SERVICE FUNDING EMPHASIS GRAPH         ................       VI-v

                   U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE FUNDING'EMPHASIS GRAPH           .............   VI-vi

                   U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY FUNDING EMPHASIS GRAPH         ......................    VI-vii

                   MINERALS MANAGEMENT SERVICE

                         MISSION  .................................      0..............  * .....  VI-101

                         FEDERAL PERSONNEL AND FACILITIES      ............................      # VI-105

                         PROGRAM DESCRIPTIONS

                              Washington D.C. Office Studies Program       ..................      VI-108

                              Atlantic OCS Regional Studies Program       ......           ......  VI-110

                              Gulf of Mexico OCS Regional Studies Program         ..............   VI-114

                              Pacific OCS Regional Studies Program       .....................     VI-118'

                              Alaska OCS Regional Studies Program       ......................     VI-121

                              Alaska Socioeconomic Studies And@Milestones         ..............   VI-136

                   U.S.  FISH  AND WILDLIFE SERVICE

                         MISSION STATEMENT    ............................................         VI-201

                         FEDERAL PERSONNEL AND FACILITIES      .... s....... #................     VI-201

                         PROGRAM DESCRIPTIONS

                              Fishery Resources Program     ........ # .......................     VI-201

                              Habitat Resources Program    ...............   #......               VI-203

                   U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

                         MISSION ......      .........         ......      ...................     VI-301

                                                            vi-i

                                                                                  FY 1983 UPDATE

                    Contents (cont'd.)

                          PROGRAM DESCRIPTIONS

                              Water Resources Division Program    .......................  VI-301

                              Earth Sciences Applications Program   .........  ..........  VI-301

                              Geologic Division Program   ..............................   VI-302

                          FEDERAL PERSONNEL AND FACILITIES   ...........................   VI-303

                                                         VI-ii

                                                     U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

                                                                      Secretary
                                                                   -------------
                                                                   Under Secretary

                                    Land and Minerals                Water and                  Fish and Wildlife
                                      Management                      Science                      and Parks

                                  Minerals Management              U.S. Geological                    U.S.
                                        Service                        Survey                   Fish and Wildlife
                                                                                                    Service

                                 OCS, Environmental              Water Resources Division     Fishery Resources Program*
                                   Studies Programs
                                                                   Program

                                                                 Geologic Division            Habitat Resources Program*
                                                                   Program

                                    Only offices directly involved in marine pollution research programs are listed.

                                      Not a program itself but represents funds from a number of different programs within FWS
                                      which contribute to marine pollution research.
                                                                 U FSG er
                                                                          Olt
                                                                       Su ve

                                                                DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

                                                                  PROGRAM FUNDING SUMMARY
                                            RELATED TO OCEAN POLLUTION RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND MONITORING
                                                    HISTORICAL BUDGET AND ESTIMATED OUT-YEAR FUNDING
                                                                  FISCAL YEARS 1982      1985

                                                                                              (in Thousand Dollars)

                                                                           FY 82           FY 83           FY 84             FY 85
              Minerals Management Service
                  Washington D.C. Office Studies Program                   1,235 a         1,856           4,068 b                  c
                  Atlantic OCS Regional Studies Program                    7,877 a         7,838           5,237             -----
                  Gulf of Mexico OCS Regional Studies Program              3,707 a         5,481           3$000             -----
                  Pacific OCS Regional Studies Program                     3)623           5,167           3,813
                  Alaska OCS Regional Studies Program                     14,193 a         13,207         11,770             -----

                                                           MMS TOTAL      30,635           33,549         27,888             27,888

              U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
                  Fishery Resources Program                                    705             661             658               658
                  Habitat Resources Program                                  2,197a         1*701            1,621            1,596

                                                           F&WS TOTAL        2P902          2,362            2,279            2,254

              U.S. Geological Survey
                  Water Resources Division Program                         6,113           3,758           3,700              3,500
                  Geologic Division Program                                3,935 a         1,372           1,855              1,872
                  Earth Sciences Applications Program d                       504              -               -

                                                           USGS TOTAL     10,552           5,130           5,555              5,372

              DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR TOTAL                            44.%089         41,041          35,722             35,514

                  a The amount reported for this program in FY 1982 differs from that reported in the FY 1982 Program        Summaries
                    Update. See the program description in this section for details.
                  b 75% of Washington Office funding will be allocated to the field offices.
                  c FY 1985 total budget for MMS is level, apportionment between Washington and the Regional Offices has not
                    yet been determined.
                  d This program was terminated at the end of FY 1982.

                                                         DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
                                                        MINERALS MANAGEMENT SERVICE
                                              OCEAN POLLUTION RESEARCH AND MONITORING
                                                                 FUNDING EMPHASIS
                                                                  FY1983 ESTIMATES

                                                                        Marine Mining
                                                                        33.6M (100%)
                                                                       .(all Oil & Gas)

                                                     DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
                                                    U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
                                           OCEAN POLLUTION RESEARCH & MONITORING
                                                             FUNDING EMPHASIS
                                                             FY 1983 ESTIMATES

                          Coastal Facilitie      Other Habitat
                         Siting and Operati n      Alterations
                                 (2%)                 (7%)
                                                                                                 Industrial
                                                                                                  Wastes
                                                                                                  (100%)

                                                                               Marine
                                    Nonpoint (91%)           Coastal           Waste
                                    Source Pollution        Activities        Disposal
                                                           $.8M (32%)       $.7M (29%)

                                                                                                  Pollutant
                                                                                                   Effects
                                                   Oil and                                         (100%)
                                                    Gas                                       Generic Pollution
                                                   (100 0)            Environ.                     Studies
                                               Marine ining            Status                      .3M (13%)
                                                 .3M (1 %)             (100%)

                                                                     Monitoring
                                                                     .3M (13%)

                                                                      vi-vi

                                                                DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
                                                                   U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
                                                     OCEAN POLLUTION RESEARCH AND MONITORING
                                                                       FUNDING EMPHASIS
                                                                       FY 1983 ESTIMATES

                                                               Oil & Gas
                                                                  (45%)

                                                                             Sand, Gravel
                                                                             & Shell (10%)

                                                      Deep Seabed
                                                          (45%)

                                                                       Marine
                                                                       Mining
                                                                       $1,0 M                           Environmental
                                                                       (20%)                        Characterization (81%)

                                                                                     Basic
                                                                                    Studies
                                                                                    $21 M
                                                                 Monitoring          (41%)
                                                                   $2.0 M
                                                                   (39%)

                                                                                                    Ecosystem Processes
                                                 Pollution                                            & Modeling (19%)
                                                  Inputs
                                                 (100%)

                                                                           FY 1983 UPDATE

                                         DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
                                        MINERALS MANAGEMENT SERVICE

                                                   MISSION

                     Subsequent to the passage of the Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) Lands
                Act of 1953 (67 Stat 462), the Secretary of the Interior designated the
                Bureau of Land Management (BLM) as the Administrative Agency for leasing
                submerged Federal lands and the U.S. Geological Survey for supervising
                development and production. In May 1983, all Department of the Interior
                leasing and resource management functions for the OCS were consolidated
                within the Minerals Management Service (MMS).

                As stated in the OCS Lands Act Amendments of 1978 (PL 95-372), the four
                major goals for the comprehensive management of the OCS minerals are:

                     o To ensure orderly development of the marine mineral resources
                         to,meet the energy demands of the Nation.

                     o To provide for the protection of the human, marine, and coastal
                         environments concomitant with mineral resource development.

                     o To provide for receipt of a fair market value for the leased
                         mineral resources.

                     o To preserve and maintain free enterprise competition.

                     To meet goal 2 above, and to meet information and administrative
                requirements of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, a
                nationwide OCS Environmental Studies Program was initiated by BLM (now
                MMS) in 1973 to provide additional environmental information-and analysis
                on marine and coastal ecosystems and to seek to establish benchmark
                environmental conditions in all OCS areas for future identification of
                alterations caused by OCS activities.

                Objectives

                     The objectives of the-OCS Environmental Studies Program are "to
                establish information needed for prediction, assessment and management of
                impacts on the OCS and the nearshore area which may be affected
                (43 CFR 3301.7). The studies-are designed to:

                     o  Provide information on the status of the environment upon which
                        the prediction of the impacts of OCS oil and gas development
                        for leasing decisionmaking may be used.

                     o  Provide information on the ways and extent that OCS development
                        can potentially impact the human, marine, biological, and
                        coastal area.

                                                   VI-101

                   DOI/MMS                                                    FY 1983 UPDATE

                        �  Ensure that information already available or being collected
                           under the program is in a form that can be used in the
                           decisionmaking process associated with a specific leasing action
                           or with the longer term OCS mineral management responsibilities.

                        � Provide a basis for future monitoring of OCS operations.

                        The purpose of the studies program is to ensure that the environmental
                   information on which these decisions are based is complete and is the most
                   definitive that can be assembled at the time.

                   Coordination With Other Agencies

                        At the present time' Federal research, development, and monitoring
                   programs related to ocean pollution are being administered by 8
                   departments, 9 independent agencies, and 37 Bureaus within Departments
                   and agencies. With this division of authorities and responsibilities
                   among Federal entities, the need for coordination and cooperation among
                   the various entities is obvious. The MMS has complete responsibility for
                   the multi-year process leading to lease sales, and to adequately assess
                   the leasehold operations that follow. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
                   participated in the OCS leasing and development process regarding the
                   management and use of the Nation's fish and wildlife resources and their
                   habitats.

                        There are agencies that have regulatory responsibilities on the OCS
                   such as the Corps of Engineers and the U.S. Coast Guard which exercise
                   responsibility for decisions regarding impediments to navigation, the
                   National Marine Fisheries Service which has the responsibility for
                   implementation of the Fisheries Conservation and Management Act and the
                   Marine Mammal Protection Act, and the U.S. Environmental Protection
                   Agency which has the responsibility for issuing point source discharge
                   permits. Interaction with these agencies on a regular basis is required
                   for solicitation of expert advice, information sharing, and joint
                   planning of programs. The purposes of joint planning are to avoid
                   duplication of effort, develop complementary programs, maximize efforts
                   resulting in sharing of logistical support and joint funding of projects,
                   and observe pertinent departmental and legal requirements.

                   Program Trends

                        The environmental studies program was initiated in 1973 with a series
                   of information syntheses on the environmental and economic characteristics
                   of various OCS leasing areas. The program grew rapidly with emphasis on
                   benchmark studies designed to describe the physical, chemical, geological
                   and biological components of OCS lease areas in a manner which would
                   permit sound statistical comparison to post-development conditions.
                   In 1977-78 the program began to shift its emphasis away from benchmark
                   studies. Based on recommendations received from the National Research
                   Council, an emphasis was placed on relating research efforts more
                   directly to the specific resource management de-cisions associated with
                   the OCS Leasing Program.

                                                       VI-102

                  DOI/MMS                                                       FY 1983 UPDATE

                        Since 1981 a growing emphasis in the Program has been toward a better
                  understanding of natural oceanographic processes that influence the
                  long-term cumulative impacts of.OCS oil and gas development activities.
                  Since 1982 increased emphasis has also been g@ven to information
                  management. Table 1 indicates funding trends among the Regions and
                  the Washington Office for the period FY 1982      FY 1984.

                               Program Office                      Budget Allocations

                                                              FY 82      FY 83      FY 84*
                        Atlantic Regional Studies           $ 7=,      $ 7        $ 37=
                        Gulf of Mexico Regional Studies       3,707      5,480      30000
                        Pacific Regional Studies              3,623      5,167,     -3,812
                        Alaska Regional Studies               14,193     13,207     11,770
                        Washington/Generic Studies            1,235      1,856      4,068
                  Total                                      $30,637    $33,548    $27,888

                    Estimated Allocations for FY 1984

                        Table 1. Funding Trends FY 1982         1984

                  Funding

                        The Fiscal Year (FY) 1983 Enviro nmental Studies Program was officially
                  funded at a level of  $27.88 million. Additional funds added to the program
                .brought the FY 1983 total to $33.5 million. Allocation of these funds-to
                  various topical areas, and OCS Regions is illustrated in Figure 1. The
                  President's budget for FY 1984 is approximately $27.88 million.

                        The funding level required to support all of the studies requested by
                  the OCS offices and the Branch of Environmental Studies normally exceeds the
                  actual annual program budget. In recognitio   n of this situation, MMS
                  designed a set of criteria to provide an orderly process for determining
                  which proposed studies would-be funded during any FY. These criteria
                  consider the following topics:

                        o The MMS's mandate for conducting th  e study.

                        o Time available before scheduled leasing or lease management
                          decisions.

                        o Applicability of study results, methodology or technology to other
                          OCS areas.

                        o Present availability and complet6ness of the data.

                        o Regional or programmatic importance.of the study.

                        These criteria were used to determine regional priorities and to
                  formulate the FY 1983 National Study List as part of the Environmental
                  Studies Program for the FY.1983.

                                                      VI-103

             REGIONAL ALLOCATION FY83 (MILLIONS OF DOLLARS)

                                                                     $1.8 WASHINGTON 5.5%

                                                                                  $5.2 PACIFIC 15%

                   $13.2 ALASKA 39%

                                                                                             GLLF OF MEXICO le%

                                                                          X
                                                                          ::::. @ I
                                                                           23

                                                                 ..............

                                                                L-$7. 8 ATLANTIC 23%

             DISCIPLINE EXPENDITURES FY83 (MILLIONS OF DOLLARS)

                                          02 AM GUM-M      0. 8        V.2 OTHER 3.6%
                                                                              $2.9 SOCIDECONICS 6%

                           $9.2 BIOLOGY 28X

                                                                                            $11.3 PHYSO.    34X

                                              .......................
                                              ...     ........

                     $4.9 END. SPECIES 15%

                                 $3.4 FATES & EVFFEC     10%                $1.4 HAZARDS 4.2X

                                                                 VI-104

                 DOI/MMS                                                    FY 1983 UPDATE

                 Current Studies

                      The following are descriptions of environmental studies included in
                 the MMS Environmental Studies Program for FY 1983 which were designed to
                 support the Department's OCS leasing program for petroleum exploration
                 and development. The MMS revises its environmental studies programs to
                 respond to the most current lease schedule. The lease schedule effective
                 during 1983 was issued in July 1982.

                      The studies were formulated by MMS'sRegional OCS offices and the
                 Bureau's Branch of Environmental Studies in Washington, D.C. The four
                 OCS Offices are responsible for managing environmental studies within
                 their respective areas of jurisdiction. These areas include (see Figure
                 2 and 3:

                      o Atlantic OCS Region--North, Middle and South Atlantic U.S. OCS

                      o Gulf of Mexico OCS Region--Western, Centraland Eastern Gulf of
                        Mexico

                      o Pacific OCS Region--Southern, Central and Northern, California

                      o Alaska OCS Region--Gulf of Alaska, Bering Sea and Arctic Subregions

                                       FEDERAL PERSONNEL AND FACILITIES

                      The MMS is a management-oriented agency and has not established an
                 in-house capability for field or laboratory research. Thus, while ships
                 and laboratories account for a significant amount of the research budget,
                 none are reported. Technical experts in Washington and each of the
                 Regional Offices are responsible for planning, implementing and
                 monitoring research projects that are contracted out to the private
                 sector and other Federal and State agencies. During FY 1983, the MMS
                 Environmental Studies Program  was staffed at the approximate levels
                 indicated below:

                                                                      FTE
                                   Scientific professionals            38

                                   Secretarial/administrative           7

                                                    VI-105

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                   DOI/MMS                                                   FY 1983 UPDATE

                                               PROGRAM DESCRIPTIONS

                                     Washington, D.C. Office Studies Program

                   Program Rationale

                        The Washington, D.C., office is responsible for developing studies that
                   are National in scope and address issues that are common to more than one
                   region and relate to information needs that may recur in several decision
                   points.

                        The studies in the following section represent national or generic
                   studies which were funded through the Washington, D.C., office during
                   FY 1983. Other generic studies can be found in the Regional Office
                   programs. The distinction is primarily administrative and relates to the
                   contract management responsibilities and resources of the various
                   offices. Some of the studies conducted by the Washington Office can
                   also be considered as program quality assurance and general management.

                   Program Quality Assurance

                        The goal of this program is to maintain the highest quality science
                   and data synthesis in the environmental studies program. Major objectives
                   of this program in 1983 include:

                        � Curate biological specimens from OCS studies by the Smithsonian
                          Institution.

                        � Conduct a national hydrocarbon chemistry intercalibration program.,

                        � Provide major support to scientists to publish in peer-reviewed
                          literature data and findings from the early (1974-1980)
                          environmental studies program.

                        � Provide support to major conferences and workshops oriented
                          towards the development of a fundamental understanding of
                          oceanographic processes and applications to impact assessment.

                        � Provide general support to UNOLS, NAS Ocean Sciences Board, etc.

                        � Improve management and dissemination of environmental studies
                          information.

                   Lease Sale Studies

                        The goal of this program is to provide generic and sale specific analyses
                   in support of the Secretary's lease schedule. Major components include:

                        � Development of oil spill probability projections.

                        � Analysis of marine productivity in the various OCS planning areas.

                                                      VI-108

               DOI/MMS                                                    FY 1983 UPDATE

                    o Development of bathymetric maps.

               Program History and Milestones

                    A report of major significance was produced in 1983 which evaluated
               the fates and effects of drilling muds and cuttings discharged into the
               marine environment. Findings indicate that extensive research focused
               specifically on drilling fluid discharges is not needed.

                    As a result of the FY 1982-1983 program objective to support publication
               of environmental studies information in peer-reviewed literature, over 35
               separate papers have been commissioned in the following categories:
               benthic biology, fates and effects, endangered species and pollutant
               transport. Plans for FY 198 '4 and beyond are for peer-reviewed papers to
               be commissioned directly as a part of the research contract.

                    During 1983 a workshop was cosponsored with the Environmental Protection
               Agency to apply the adaptive environmental assessment methodology to the
               issue of environmental impacts associated with drilling mud discharges. A
               simulation model was developed which combines predictions of physical
               transport with biological effects. A final report is scheduled for 1984.

                    During FY 1983 work was initiated on the development of an annual
               .program prospectus. A FY 1984 prospectus will be completed by mid-1984.
               In future years the prospectus will be available in the beginning of the
               fiscal year. Additionally, abstracts are being prepared for all research
               projects initiated since 1973. Aproximately 125 abstracts will be
               produced annually through FY 1985.

                    Over twenty reports and papers-have been prepared on the oil spill
               probability projections for each of the OCS Regions in support of the
               leasing activities in these areas. This is a continuing activity with
               analyses and reports prepared for each OCS lease offering.

                    During 1983, 49 bathymetric maps and topographic bathymetric maps were
               prepared for leasing activities in the OCS Regions. -Trends for FY 1984
               and 1985 indicate that the mapping activity will be concentrated
               primarily in Alaska.

               Estimated Funding (in thousand $)

                   FY82*    FY83     FY84     FY85**

                  $1,235   $1,856   $4,068

                 In the FY 1982 Program Summaries Update, funding for this program in
                 FY 1982 was reported as $1,347K. The amount reported here is a more
                 accurate estimate of,FY 1982 funding for this program.

                  FY 1985 total budget for MMS is level, apportionment between Washington
                 and the Regional Offices has not yet been determined.

                                                  VI-109.

                   DOI/MMS                                                   FY 1983 UPDATE

                   Program Contacts

                        Primary responsibilities are indicated for the Washington, D.C., office
                   program management staff in the Branch of Environmental Studies:

                   Dr. Thomas Ahlfeld--Benthic Biology Program (202) 343-7744

                   Ms. Cheryl Anderson--Socioeconomic Program

                   Mr. Thomas Burke--Atlantic OCS Studies Area Coordinator

                   Mr. James Cimato--Fates and Effects Program

                   Mr. Federick Sieber--Alaskan OCS Studies Area Coordinator

                   Mr. Tim Sullivan--Endangered Species Program

                   Mr. Herb Kaufman-Pacific OCS Studies Area Coordinator

                   Mr. James Lane--Gulf of Mexico Studies Area Coordinator

                     Branch of Environmental Studies
                     Minerals Service
                     Department of the Interior
                     18th & C Streets, N.W.
                     Washington, DC 20240

                                      Atlantic OCS Regional Studies Program

                        The Atlantic OCS Region is bounded on the north by the Northeast Channel
                   between the Georges Bank and the Scotian Shelf, and on the South by the tip
                   of Florida. For leasing purposes, the region is subdivided into the North,
                   Middle and South Atlantic planning areas. The FY 1983 Regional Studies
                   Plan, which provides detailed rationale and planning Information for the
                   region's FY 1983 program was based on the July.1982 Final 5-Year OCS Oil
                   and Gas Leasing Schedule, with attendant changes in sale dates.

                        The sales on the July 1982 schedule include:

                   Planning Area                            Proposed Sale Date

                   North Atlantic                           October 1982 (cancelled)
                                                            February 1984 (on hold)
                                                            February 1986 (on hold)

                   Middle Atlantic                          April 1983
                                                            June 1985

                   South Atlantic                           July 1983
                                                            January 1985
                                                            January 1987

                                                       VI-110

                DOI/MMS                                                     FY 1983 UPDATE

                Program Rationale

                     Eight sales have been held in the Atlantic OCS region along with one
                reoffering sale which included tracts from the Atlantic as well as other
                OCS Regions. To date, limited exploration has taken place in each of the
                three planning areas in the Atlantic.

                     The Atlantic Region Program has been designed in the cont  ext of
                developing an understanding of the dominant physical and biological processes
                in the area. This information is applied to leasing management decisions
                including the development of mitigating measures. These studies are intended
                to facilitate development activities should they occur.

                     The principal goals of this regional program are to:

                     � Determine the short and long-term impacts of drilling operations
                       on biological'communities.

                     � Describe the distribution, abundance, and migration routes of
                       endangered species and other living marine resources to assist
                       the assessment of potential impacts resulting from oil and gas
                       development activities.

                     o Understand physical processes and transport mechani  'sms of drilling
                       effluents especially in deep water on the continental slope and
                       rise.

                     The following objectives have been implemented, or were active, as
                specific projects through the Atlantic OCS Regional Office in FY 1983.

                     o Endangered Species--determine effects of noise and oil components
                       on cetaceans; identify marine mammal and turtle populations,
                       habitats and migration routes; determine effects of oil on
                       turtles.

                     o Georges Bank Monitoring--determine long-term effects of drilling
                       operations on benthic communities near-field and regionally.

                     o Pollutant.Transport--characterize physical processes on North/
                       Mid-Atlantid continental rise, slope and canyons. Determine
                       how these processes might transmit effects of OCS drilling related
                       activities to benthic communities, particularly in canyon areas.
                       Characterize near-bottom and midwater current regimes over the Blake
                       Plateau; continue long-term, multilevel circulation measurements.,
                       collection and analysis of surface forcing data, meteorologic data,
                       and monitoring of gulfstream perturbations. Determine general
                       circulation features and their variability along the Mid-Atlantic
                       slope/rise; assess influence of Gulf Stream on general circulation
                       patterns.

                     o Marine Ecosystems--characterize  potentially vulnerable organisms
                       and habitats on the North, Mid,  and South Atlantic Continental
                       Slope and Rise. Characterize benthic/nektonic communities
                       associated with live bottom areas in the South Atlantic.

                                                    VI-111

                  DOI/MMS                                                     FY 1983 UPDATE

                       A detailed rationale for the Atlantic OCS   Regional Program can be found
                  in the FY 1983 and FY 1984 MMS "Regional Studies Plan for the Atlantic Outer
                  Continental Shelf."

                  Program History

                       The Atlantic OCS Program is comprised of 14 active projects which are
                  described in detail in the National Marine Pollution Program Catalog of
                  Federal Projects. Following is a brief topical summary of accomplishments
                  and fin dings through FY 1983.

                       �  Endangered Species: The Cetacean and Turtle Assessment Program, a
                          39-month survey of over a quarter of a million miles of trackline
                          and over 11,000 sightings of marine mammals and over 2,800 sightings
                          of marine turtles, was brought to a close with completion of a final
                          report. This project characterizes temporal and spatial distributions,
                          size and extent of populations, and identifies, delineates, and
                          describes areas of importance to marine mammals and marine turtles.

                          In a project begun in 1979 results reported in late 1982 indicate
                          that dolphins can probably visually detect a 1 mm film of dark crude
                          oil. In laboratory studies the avoidance of oil was clear and
                          consistent. 'Further studies were initiated this year to explore
                          avoidance behavior and to enhance extrapolation to the open ocean
                          environment.

                          A multi-year study, cosponsored with the Gulf of Mexico OCS Region,
                          was initiated this year to determine whether marine turtles are
                          attracted to oil and tar balls and to determine the effects of
                          exposure and ingestion.

                       �  Georges Bank Monitoring: This major program was begun in 1981 to
                          monitor changes in the biological, geological and chemical properties
                          in the benthic environment before, during and after exploratory
                          drilling activities and to determine whether changes were caused by
                          the drilling activity. Another objective was to determine the fate
                          of the discharged materials. Reports have been produced annually
                          which characterize seasonal and spatial variability in the benthic
                          environment. Results to date indicate no significant biological
                          impacts associated with exploratory drilling. Barium was found to
                          be a good tracer of drilling mud because of the low background found
                          on Georges Bank. The high energy of the Georges Bank environment
                          tended to widely disperse drilling discharges.

                       �  Pollutant Transport: A three-year program studying canyon and
                          slope processes in the North and Mid-Atlantic was concluded with the
                          preparation of a final report. Canyon dynamics and faunal assemblages
                          were studied in the Baltimore and Lydonia Canyons. Slope areas
                          studied were: 1) between Lindenkohl and Carteret Canyons; 2) between
                          Toms and Meys Canyons; and 3) between Veatch and Hydrographer Canyons.

                          A three-year physical oceanography program was initiated in the
                          Mid-Atlantic continental slope and rise.

                                                       VI-112

                DOI/MMS                                                   FY 1983 UPDATE

                     o Marine Ecosystems: Two three-year studies  were begun this year of
                       the biological processes on the north, mid and south Atlantic
                       continental slope and rise.

                Milestones

                     The major projects identified below will receive funding or will be
                active.in the years indicated. This list is not all inclusive.

                Major Program Milestones                FY 82     FY 83     FY 84     FY 85

                Endangered Species
                  Effects of Oil on Marine Mammals
                  Effects of Oil on Marine Turtles

                Georges Bank Monitoring

                Pollutant Transport
                  Physical Processes Mid-Atlantic
                    Slope/Rise
                  Physical Oceanography Final
                     Synthesis: South Atlantic
                  Atlantic OCS Circulation Model

                Marine Ecosystems
                  Biological Processes: North,
                     Mid-Atlantic Slope Rise
                  Biological Processes: South
                     Atlantic Slope Rise
                  South Atlantic Living Marine
                     Resources

                Estimated Funding (in thousand $)

                   FY82*     FY83     FY84     FY85**

                  $7,877   $7,837   $5,237    ----

                  In the FY 1982 Program Summaries Update, funding for this program in
                  FY 1982 was.reported as $7,823K. The amount reported here is &more
                  accurate estimate of FY 1982 funding for this program.,

                  The total FY 1985 MMS Environmental Studies Program is level funded.
                  Regional allocations have not yet been determined.

                Regional Program Contacts

                Dr. Jeffrey Hyland and Dr. William Long
                Acting Chiefs, Environmental Studies Section
                Minerals Management Service
                Atlantic OCS Regional Office
                1951 Kidwell Drive
                Vien@a, Virginia 22180     (703) 285-2168

                                                  VI-113

                  DOI/MMS                                                     FY 1983 UPDATE

                                   Gulf Of Mexico OCS Regional Studies Program

                        The Gulf of Mexico Regional Office is responsible for administering the
                  Outer Continental Shelf Oil and Gas Program in the Gulf of Mexico OCS area.
                  The July 1982 Final 5-Year OCS Leasing Schedule included the following sales:

                  Planning Area                               Proposed Sales Dates

                  Western Gulf                                August 1983
                                                              July 1984
                                                              August 1985
                                                              July 1986

                  Central Gulf                                May 1983
                                                              April 1984
                                                              May 1985
                                                              April 1986
                                                              April 1987

                  Eastern Gulf                                November 1983
                                                              November 1985

                  Gulfwide                                    November 1982

                  Program Rationale

                        Forty-eight oil and gas lease sales have been held in the Gulf of
                  Mexico since 1953. In that time over 15 million acres have been leased.
                  Presently, the Gulf leaging activity (number of tracts leased) accounts
                  for 78% of all U.S. OCS leasing. Almost 21,000 wells have been drilled
                  in Gulf OCS waters and approximately 6,500 are actively producing oil
                  or gas today. There are almost 3000 platforms currently emplaced in the
                  Gulf OCS waters and over 13,000 miles of pipeline in support of this
                  production effort. Of the oil and gas produced from U.S. OCS areas, the
                  Gulf of Mexico accounts for over 94%.

                        Framed in the context of a lengthy history of oil and gas development
                  activity, the Gulf of Mexico Regional Program emphasizes the assessment
                  of long-term impacts. The prinicipal goals of the Gulf of Mexico Studies
                  Program are summarized below:

                        o Develop a management information base for marine and coastal
                          areas of concern.

                        o Describe the effects of OCS activities on the biological
                          environment, especially on particularly productive features and
                          habitats.

                        o Produce information for the development of measures to minimize
                          potential impacts of OCS activities.

                                                      VI-114

                DOI/MMS                                                     FY 1983 UPDATE

                     o Describe the physical and biological processes which are dominant
                        in Gulf OCS areas which may play a role in an assessment of oil
                        and gap development related impacts on the marine ecosystem.

                     The following objectives have been implemented as specific projects
                through the Gulf of Mexico Regional Office:

                     o  Coastal Characterizations--develop an ecosystem model to delineate
                        structure, function, and interaction of natural resource populations,
                        habitats, and processes for the Alabama and Florida-Gulf coastal zones;
                        synthesis of available environmental and economic'information and
                        and development of land use and habitat maps.

                     o  Pollutant Transport--collect meteorologic and physical oceanographic
                        data throughout the Gulf to support a predictive modeling effort
                        used in oil spill risk analysis.

                     o Marine Ecosystems--synthesize literature and conduct field studies
                        to characterize the continental slope and abyssal plain ecosystem
                        in areas of OCS leasing; characterize the benthic communities of
                        the southwest Florida shelf; initiate program focusing on Mississippi-
                        Alabama shelf.

                     o  Endangered Species--synthesize literature on distribution of
                        marine mammals, turtles and birds in the Gulf of Mexico and the
                        potential impact of oil and-gas activities; determine the effects
                        of oil exposure and ingestion on turtles.

                     o  Benthic Habitat Mapping--synthesize 8 years of field data
                        collected to interpret the geologic framework and history of
                        the Gulf of Mexico with the identification of potential geologic
                        hazards particularly in,the Mississippi River Delta region.

                     A  detailed rationale for the Gulf of Mexico Regional Program can be found
                in the  FY 1983 and FY 1984 MMS "Regional Studies Plan for the Gulf of Mexico."

                Program History

                     The Gulf of-Mexico Program is comprised of more than 20 active projects
                which are described in'detail in the.National Marine Pollution Program
                Catalog of Federal Projects. Following is a brief topical summary of
                accomplishments and findings through FY 1983.

                     o  Coastal Characterizations: This suite of long-term coastal studies
                        fs managed by the National Coastal Ecosystem Team of the Fish and
                        Wildlife Service (FWS) and comprises their coastal ecological
                        characterization study program for the Gulf of Mexico. Under this
                        multi-year program, a series of literature compilations, snythesis
                        papers, fine-scale habitat and land-use mapping, and ecosystem models
                        have been developed for the coastal zone of the entire Gulf of Mexico.
                        This large task has been handled as a series of five smaller projects,
                        each defined by regional hydrologic regimes. Many interim deliverable
                        products (maps, synthesis reports, etc.) are available in final form

                                                    VI-115

                   DOI/MMS                                                   FY 1983 UPDATE

                         and others are available to decisionmakers in draft or preliminary
                         form. This program provides an excellent environmental and
                         socioeconomic information and planning base for the Gulf coastal zone.

                       o Pollutant Transport: These projects have been developed to achieve
                         .a firm understanding of water circulation in the Gulf to support the
                         MMS oil spill risk analysis model, to further understanding of the
                         marine ecosystem of the Gulf, to provide a basis for understanding the
                         functional processes of the Gulf ecosystem, and to support coordinating
                         agencies interested in projecting impacts due to actual spills.
                         Completed studies consist of efforts aimed primarily at synthesis of
                         available hydrographic or circulation information, at-development or
                         testing of circulation models for the Gulf, and field data gathering,
                         from ships at sea, from instrumental drifting buoys, and from aircraft
                         or satellites. The presently active and planned studies will expand
                         the data and information base and will support refinement of a recently
                         developed, comprehensive circulation model with the goal of understanding
                         Gulf current patterns and hydrology as well as a capability for diagnostic
                         and prognostic circulation modeling. These are multi-year efforts, many
                         of which are projected through 1985.

                       o Marine Ecosystems: During 1983 the eight-year topographic features
                         project was brought to completion. This series of studies concen-
                         trated on the geologic features, local water circulation and biologic
                         communities of about three dozen submarine banks located along the
                         shelf edge off Texas, Louisiana, and Florida. The most prominent of
                         the banks studied are the East and West Flower Garden Banks and the
                         Florida Middle Ground. Studies of each of these banks included
                         precision bathymetric mapping of topographic relief, studies of the
                         seafloor and shallow subsurface geology, delineation and character-
                         ization of biologic communities, some analyses of trace metals
                         and hydrocarbons in sediments or biota at certain banks, and
                         elucidation of water circulation near the Flower Garden Banks.
                         The objective of the studies has been an understanding of the
                         extent and nature of these features for environmental assessment
                         purposes, including determination of the need for biologic or
                         geologic stipulations to protect the various banks.

                         A project was initiated this year to gather and synthesize available
                         information for the continental shelf between the Mississippi shelf
                         and the western side of the deSota Canyon. This synthesis will serve
                         as a base for planning future field efforts.

                         During 1983 the ongoing southwest Florida shelf ecosystem program was
                         redirected towards studies of biological and physical processes in the
                         area. To date the study has relied on shallow geophysical survey
                         techniques, and towed and still cameras for biological reconnaissance
                         and bottom sampling for determining sedimentary characteristics and
                         the nature of biological communities.

                         During 1983 a major study program of the continental slope and adjacent
                         shelf was initiated for the area from Corpus Christi, Texas, to
                         Charlotte Harbor, Florida. This series of projects is aimed initially
                         at a characterization of the seafloor and biologic communities.

                                                     VI-116

               DOI/MMS                                                        FY 1983 UPDATE

                     o Endangered Species: A major multi-year literature and data synthesis
                       for marine and coastal distributions, abundances, migration routes,
                       natural histories and potential for impact due to oil and gas
                       activities entered the final phase with completion expected in early
                       FY 1984. Also, analysis and reporting of information resulting from
                       aerial surveys of offshore areas for marine mammals and marine turtles
                       was recently completed. A study, cosponsored with the Atlantic OCS
                       Region, was initiated this year to determine the effects of oil on
                       marine turtles.

               Milestones

                    The major projects identified below will.receive fundi     'ng or will be
               active in the years indicated. This list is not all.inclusive.

               Major Program Milestones                     FY 82     FY 83      FY 84      FY 85

               Coastal Characterizations
                 Northwest Gulf of Mexico
                 Southwest Florida Shelf

               Pollutant Transport
                 Gulf of Mexico PhysicafOceanography
                   Field Program
                 Circulation Modeling

               Marine Ecosystem
                 Southwest Florida Shelf Studies
                 Mississippi-Alabama Shelf Ecosystem Studies
                 Continental Slope Studies

               Endangered Species
                 Literature Synthesis
                 Effects of Oil on Turtles

               Estimated Funding (in thousand $)

                   FY82*     FY83      FY84      FY85**

                  $3,707    $5,480 - $3,000

                  In the  FY 1982 Program Summaries   Update,  funding for this program in
                  FY 1982 was reported as $3,736K. The amount reported here is a more
                  accurate estimate of FY 1982 funding for this program.

                  The total FY 1985 MMS Environmental Studies Program is level funded
                  Regional Allocations have not yet been determined.

                                                     VI-117

                    DOI/MMS                                                    FY 1983 UPDATE

                    Regional Program Contact

                    Dr. Richard Defenbaugh
                    Chief, Environmental Studies Section
                    Minerals Management Service
                    Gulf of Mexico Regional Office
                    P.O. Box 7944
                    Metairie, Louisiana 70010
                    Telephone: FTS) 680-9896

                                        Pacific OCS Regional Studies Program

                         The Pacific OCS Regional Office has jurisdiction for oil and gas
                    leasing and development activities in the Southern California and Central
                    and Northern California planning areas. The FY 1983 Regional Studies
                    Plan, which provides detailed rationale and planning information for the
                    region's FY 1983 program, was based on the July 1982 Final 5-Year OCS
                    Oil and Gas Leasing Schedule.

                         The area sales on the July 1982 schedule include:

                    Planning Area                          Proposed Sale Date

                    Central and Northern California        September 1983
                                                           September 1985

                    Southern California                    January 1984 (on hold)
                                                           January 1986 (on hold)

                    Program Rationale

                         In California Federal waters, there are presently 15 platforms that
                    have been installed and 9 others in various stages of planning in the
                    Santa Barbara Channel and the San Pedro Bay. Seven sales have been held
                    in the California OCS since 1966 resulting in over 225 exploration wells
                    and 450 development wells. The Pacific Regional Program is set in the
                    context of the need to establish monitoring efforts in light of a signif-
                    icant increase in the current and planned oil and gas development activities
                    in the Santa Barbara Channel and the Santa Maria Basin.

                         The principal goals of this regional program include:

                         o Predict potential impacts of air quality in the California coastal
                           area resulting from existing and proposed OCS oil and gas leasing
                           and development activities.

                         o Determine the potential impacts to marine mammal and seabird
                           populations from existing and planned OCS activities.

                         o Determine the short- and long-term impacts of OCS discharges on
                           benthic communities.

                                                       VI-118

               DOI/MMS                                                      FY 1983 UPDATE

                     o Assess the socioeconomic impacts of OCS oil and gas development to
                       California coastal communities.

                     o Identify the major transport processes in the ocean offshore
                       California to assess pollutant transport from OCS oil and gas devel-
                       opment activities.

                     Th.e.following objectives have been implemented as specific projects
               by the  Pacific OCS Regional Office.

                     � Pollutant Transport--through a program of modeling and field
                       data collection, develop the capability to assess and predict air
                       quality impacts from OCS,oil and gas activities; and the transport
                       mechanisms acting on the ocean which control the trajectory and fate
                       of pollutants.

                     � Marine Ecosystems--characterize  biological communities  in.
                       California intertidal areas and  benthic communities in  the Santa
                       Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel.

                     � Marine Mammals (and seabirds)--identify and map marine mammal
                       and seabird population and abundance; define and quantify risks
                       to selected species and populations; evaluate long-term effects
                       of oil-ingestion on seabird populations.

                     o Socioeconomic--identify and evaluate measures to minimize sea
                       floor disturbances causing space use conflicts; develop techniques
                       for assessing and predicting socioeconomic impacts of OCS activities
                       on the coastal counties of California.

                     A detailed rationale for the Pacific OCS Regional Program can be found
               in the FY 1983 and FY 1984 MMS "California.OCS Environmental Studies Plan."

               Program History

                     The Pacific OCS Regional Program is comprised of more than 18 active
               projects, which are described in detail in the National Marine Pollution
               Program Catalog of Federal Projects. Followini -isa br         opical summary
               of some of the major studies underway or completed in FY 1983.

                     o Pollutant Transport: A major multi-year field program and modeling
                       effort is underway in the Santa Barbara Channel. The field program
                       consists of a series of hydrographic cruises, surface drifter and
                       long-term current meter deployments. Results will be meshed with a
                       numerical simulation of.the circulation to develop an enhanced
                       picture of the currents in the region. Additionally a 36-month
                       project was initiated in Central California coastal waters to
                       describe surface circulation patterns and 3-dimensional velocity and
                       density structure. Also, a study was initiated to better define the
                       physical and biological processes which influence the long-term
                       transport and fate of drilling muds in the California OCS.

                                                   VI-1 19

                  DOI/MMS                                                      FY 1983 UPDATE

                       o  Marine Ecosystems: In preparation for future benthic monitoring
                          studies a major field effort and historical data analysis effort
                          was initiated in 1983 for the Santa Barbara Channel and Santa Maria
                          Basin areas. Results of this reconnaissance will be used to guide
                          the design of monitoring efforts and the selection of appropriate
                          "experimental" and "control" locations. A 5-year field program was
                          initiated this year to describe the long term variation of intertidal
                          community structure and to determine the response of rocky intertidal
                          communities to natural and man-induced perturbations.

                       o  Endangered_Species: Follawing 3 years of aerial surveys of marine
                          mammals and seabirds in the California OCS coastal and-offshore
                          area reports have been prepared in 1983 which include maps and
                          overlays depicting important marine mammal and seabird congregation,
                          breeding, feeding and migration areas. Effects of El Nin*o""'
                          on breeding activities extended a multi-year study of long-term
                          sublethal effects of ingested oil on a population of Cassin's
                          Auklets in the Farallon Islands. A similar additional effort
                          was begun using a Wedge-Tailed Shearwater population on Manana
                          Island, Hawaii. During 1983 work progressed in an effort to use
                          simulation modeling to define the risks from oil and gas
                          development activities to populations of marine mammals and
                          seabirds.

                          A three-year field and data/literature analysis effort was
                          initiated in 1983 to develop predictions of how the California
                          sea otter population size and productivity would be affected by
                          oil spills. Components of this effort also include computer
                          simulations incorporating population dynamics and movement
                          patterns.

                       o  Socioeconomics: This year two socioeconomic projects were initiated
                          in the Pacific OCS Region. The first is an effort to analyze the
                          socioeconomic changes in Santa Barbara and Ventura counties that
                          may be attributable to Federal OCS oil and gas development.
                          Evaluation of diagnostic socioeconomic factors will also be   a
                          component of this effort. The second effort begun this year seek
                          to identify and evaluate measures to minimize sea floor space use
                          conflicts which may arise between the California trawl fishing
                          industry and the oil and gas industry.

                  Milestones

                       The major projects identified below will receive funding or will be
                  active in the years indicated. This list.is not all inclusive.

                  Major Program Milestones                    FY 82      FY 83     FY 84      FY 85

                  Pollutant Transport
                    Santa Barbara Channel Circulation
                    California Shelf Circulation
                    Long-term Transport

                                                       VI-120

              DOI/MMS                                                    FY 1983 UPDATE

                                                         FY 82      FY 83      FY 84      FY 85
              Marine Ecosystems
                Benthic Biological Characterizations
                Rocky Intertidal Community Studies

              Endangered Species
                Seabird Oil Toxicity
                California Sea Otter Studies
                Marine Mammal and Seabird Surveys
                Marine Mammal and Seabird Risk Analysis

              Socloeconomics
                   Fishing Mitigation Study
                   Cumulative Socioeconomic Impacts

              Estimated Funding (in thousand $)

                  FY82     FY83     FY84     FY85*

                 $3,623   $5,167   $3,813

                The total FY 1985 MMS Environmental  Studies Program is level funded.
                Regional Allocations have not yet been determined.

              Regional Program Contact

              Mr. Richard Wilhelmsen
              Chief, Environmental Studies Section
              Minerals Management Service'
              1340 W. 6th Street
              Los Angeles, California 90017
              Telephone: (FTS) 798-7120

                                  Alaska OCS Regional Studies Program

                   The Alaska Regional Office is responsible for administering lease
              sales for all OCS areas in Alaska. To support leasing and.subsequent
              development and production activity, MMS must determine the environmental
              costs and multiple use conflicts in order to make well-informed Alaska OCS
              leasing decisions.

                   The approved 5-year OCS Oil and Gas Leasing Schedule (July 1982)
              includes the following future sales in Alaska planning areas:

                                                 VI-121

                   DOI/MMS                                                     FY 1983 UPDATE

                   Arctic Region

                   Planning Area                  Proposed Sale Date

                   Diapir Field                   June 1984
                   Barrow Arch                    February r985 (on hold)
                   Diapir Field                   June 1986
                   Barrow Arch                    February 1987

                   Bering Sea and Gulf of Alaska  Regions

                   Planning Area                  Prozosed Sale Date

                   Navarin Basin                  April 1984
                   Gulf of Alaska/Cook Inlet      October 1984
                   St. George Basin               December 1984
                   N. Aleutian Basin              April 1985
                   Norton Basin                   October 1985
                   Navarin Basin                  March 1986
                   Kodiak                         October 1986
                   St. Groege Basin               December 1986
                   Shumagin                       June 1987

                   Program Rationale

                        Framed in the context of analysis and study of interrelated ecosystem
                   components, the MMS Alaska Region studies program is dedicated to provision
                   of information essential to long- and short-term oil and gas leasing
                   decision needs. In anticipation of shifts in information needs relative
                   to development decisions, the Environmental Studies Program is continuing
                   to integrate planning to meet post-lease and monitoring information
                   requirements. Detailed rationale for the Alaska Region's program can
                   be found in the FY 1983 and FY 1984 Alaska Regional Studies Plan.

                        As the managing agency for the OCS leasing program, the MMS has
                   initiated environmental and socioeconomic studies to ensure that the
                   potential adverse effects on the environment are considered in management
                   decision.

                        A portion of Alaskan environmental studies program is planned and
                   conducted for MMS through an interagency agreement with the National
                   Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), U.S. Department of Commerce.
                   NOAA manages this program component through the Outer Continental Shelf
                   Environmental Assessment Program (OCSEAP) office in Juneau, Alaska. Other
                   environmental and all socioeconomic studies are administered and contracted
                   directly from the Alaska OCS Regional Office in Anchorage.

                        The principal goals of the Alaskan studies program are to:

                        o Elucidate physical processes that influence oil and gas related
                           pollutant transport.

                                                       VI-122

               DOI/MMS                                                     FY 1983 UPDATE

                     o Characterize.regional biota, habitats and ecosystems. Elucidate
                       ecosystem functioning to develop analyses of impacts from oil
                       and gas development activities.

                     o Describe geologic and ice hazards that may affect oil and,gas
                       development activities.

                     o Determine and assess potential social, economic and physical
                       impacts onshore from oil and gas development activities.

               Program History

                     The Alaskan Program is comprised of over 50 active projects which are
               described in detail in the National Marine Pollution Program Catalog of
               Federal Projects. Follawirii`_is a brief topical summary of accomplishments
               and findings through Fiscal Year (FY) 1983.

                     o Endangered Species:  The Alaska OCS provides habitat to several
                       endangered species, notably the baAead whale. In recent years
                       much public and governmental attention in Alaska has been given
                       to the potential effects,of oil and gas exploration and production
                       activities on the@status and behavior of the bowhead. Studies
                      .have concentrated upon observations of bowhead migration routes,
                       potential feeding areas and behavior. A unique role of bowhead
                       study co-mponents is to sup*port seasonal drilling and geophysical
                      ,survey monitoring program needs. Studies carried out during
                       FY 1983 provided further confirmation of the bowheads' over-
                       wintering grounds in the south-central *Bering Sea. During fall
                       months, information on the status of the bowhead migration is
                       transmitted from the field directly to MMS regulatory authorities.
                       Other studies in the Bering Sea include recent emphasis on surveys
                       of distribution and abundance of endangered whales and feeding
                       ecology of gray whales. Experimental research on gray whale
                       behavior in response to oil and gas sound sources has also been
                       addressed.

                     o Living Resources: There are a large number of cetaceans and
                       pinnipeds; in the Alaska OCS which are not endangered species.
                       These incltide ringed seals, bearded seals, belukha whales, walrus
                       and others. The studies program has investigated the life history,
                       food habitats, abundance and distribution of several important
                       species, as well as theaspects of their interaction with oil and
                       gas development activities. For example, recent emphases have
                       focused on the study of effects of on-ice seismic exploration on
                       ringed seal behavior and distribution. FY 1983 marked the conclusion
                       of seven years of study of the Pacific @mlrus and the achievement
                       of a major milestone in the study of the biology of an important
                       subsistence resource in Alaska.

                       other studies have investigated the sensitivity of belukha whales
                       to noise and disturbance. Radio-tags were applied to belukhas in
                       Bristol Bay providing new insight into their behavior. The results
                       of these studies are used in devising development stipulation.

                                                   VI-123

                   DOI/MKS                                                   FY 1983 UPDATE

                          In addition to important studies on marine mammals, Living Resources
                          studies contracted by OCSEAP for MMS addressed commercial and
                          subsistence fisheries and marine birds. Studies were targeted at
                          important Bering Sea commercial fisheries species such as red King,
                          Tanner, blue King, and Korean hair crabs. During FY 1983, final
                          project reports provided comprehensive discussions on the status
                          of the Bering Sea crab resources and fisheries as well as new
                          information on red King crab and other dedapod early life stages.
                          Work was continued on simulation modeling of Bering Sea fisheries
                          with the intent to quantify potential damage to commercial fisheries
                          if accidental oil spills were to occur. In addition to fisheries
                          studies in the Bering Sea, several were also conducted in the
                          Chukchi Sea during FY 1983.

                          Three major studies of seabirds were completed in FY 1983, including
                          population studies in the Bering Sea and reproductive ecology-
                          trophics of marine birds of the Gulf of Alaska. Another study
                          completed during FY 1983 provided definition and assignation of
                          environmental "values" to marine oriented birds. 'This involved
                          ranking geographic area by the perceived vulnerability to oil
                          of the avian groups present. Breeding bird populations were
                          identified as the most important group to protect, while molting,
                          migrating and overwintering populations were judged to be of lesser
                          value. Seabird studies were also conducted in areas of the Beaufort
                          and Chukchi Seas and shorebird research in the Southern Chukchi.

                       o  Oil Spill Fates and Effects: A vital portion of the studies program
                          is centered on the fate and weathering of spilled oil and the results
                          oil spills may have upon the marine habitat and biota. Recent studies
                          investigated the effects of hydrocarbons on king crabs, tanner crabs
                          and salmonids, supported the BIOS oil spill test program in the
                          Canadian Arctic, and investigated the weathering of spilled oil in
                          open water and in sea ice. A model and users manual was completed
                          for weathering of oil in open water. A subroutine capable of
                          simulating the transport of water column hydrocarbons to the bottom
                          is under development. As mentioned above, another model is under
                          development which will quantify losses of commercially important
                          fisheries to oil spills.

                       o  Environmental Geology and Hazards: The cold climate of the Alaska
                          OCS results in extensive sea ice and permafrost. These pose
                          complications for oil and gas development, which in turn might
                          lead to damage to habitat of various species. Accordingly, the
                          studies program has continued to investigate the bottom gouging by
                          ice ridges, ice ridge and lead formations, ice motion and, to a
                          lesser degree, marine permafrost behavior. The information from
                          these studies is used in defining potential areas of difficulty for
                          oil and gas operations.

                       o  Pollutant Transport: The presence of ice is the most important
                          factor to be considered in the prediction or tracking of trajectories
                          of spilled oil in the Arctic. During FY 1983 all the various processes
                          believed to account for the behavior of oil in ice was reviewed
                          along with a statistical analysis of ice motion near potential oil

                                                      VI-1124

                DOI/MMS                                                   FY 1983 UPDATE

                      spill sites. Oil spill trajectories were predicted in open waters
                      using the Rand circulation model and in ice-covered waters using the
                      work described above. Field efforts continued to investigate wind
                      and sea ice motion.

                    o Ecosystem Studies:   During FY 1983, syntheses of information
                        scribing regional ecosystems in the Yukon River Delta and North
                      Aleutian Basin were completed. Field ecosystem studies in the
                      eastern Beaufort Sea and a coastal area of the northern Chukchi
                      Sea were underway in FY 1983.

                    o Environmental Monitoria: 'Since 1981, the Alaska OCS Region of
                        S has performed monitoring studies through aerial surveys and
                      behavior studies of bowhead whales. In a unique information transfer,
                      .the MMS investigators pass data on the status of whale migration and
                      whale behavior directly to MMS and National Marine Fisheries Service
                      (NMFS) regulatory authorities. These daily status reports are used
                      by MMS authorities to make decisions regarding timing and location
                      of offshore operations, such as geophysical exploration and exploration
                      drilling. Whale monitoring efforts continued in FY 1983 and are
                      likely to be incorporated as part of MMS Offshore Field Operations
                     .and Resource Evaluation Monitoring Plans for FY 1984.

                    o In FY 1983, the Alaska Region also initiated efforts to develop
                      additional ecosystem-targeted monitoring programs. Results of
                      a Beaufort Sea Monitoring workshop will be used by the Alaska
                      Region studies staff to guide implementation phases of additional
                      MMS monitoring efforts, especially efforts related to tests of
                      hypotheses regarding change in lower trophic levels.

                      These, and other long-term study efforts, are expected to provide
                      the basic framework by which the Alaska OCS Region will meet
                      monitoring requirements under the OCS Lands Act Amendments.

                    o Alaska Socioeconomic  Studies Program (SESP): The SESP has utilized.
                      a core program of seven studies. The first is a Petroleum Technology
                      Assessment which establishes development scenarios. The remaining
                      six studies follow an impact evaluation process, utilizing the
                      scenarios, which can be generalized into five basic steps: 1)
                      description of baseline conditions; 2) forecast of conditions based
                      on current trends without sale: 3) forecast of conditions with the
                      sale in addition to current trends; 4) analysis of difference
                      between the forecasts. The core studies are as-follows:

                         (1) Petroleum Technology Assessment. To identify petroleum
                         technology and activity scenarios that may be used in the lease
                         area to develop oil and gas resources. Specific issues addressed
                         include:  resource scenario development; environmental constraints
                         from oceanography and geology; technology availability; development
                         components; production components; facilities siting; manpower
                         requirements; and economics of development.

                                                   VI-125

                    DOI/MMS                                                   FY 1983 UPDATE

                             (2) Economic and Demographic Impact Assessment. To forecast
                             impacts of a sale upon population and key regional economic
                             indicators statewide. Specific variables addressed include:
                            .statewide and regional growth patterns; population changes;
                             employment; income; state and local revenues; state and local
                             expenditures; and fiscal policies.

                             (3) Anchorage Impacts. To forecast the impacts of a sale upon
                             the city Anchorage. Anchorage's infrastructure is impacted by
                             most activities in the State as it is Alaska's main urban and
                             transportation center. Specific elements addressed include:
                             education; public safety; leisure; utilities; housing; health
                             services; social services; and local transportation.

                             (4) Transportation System Impacts. To forecast the impacts of
                             a sale upon Alaska's transportation systems statewide. Specific
                             elements addressed include: air, land and marine modes; major
                             facilities and routes; usage and demand; capacities; technology;
                             and regulation plans and policies.

                             (5) Local Socioeconomic System Impacts. To forecast the effects
                             of a sale upon socioeconomic systems. Specific issues addressed
                             include: local community focus; population; employment;
                             expenditures and revenues; education; public safety; recreation;
                             utilities, land use; housing; health; and social services.

                             (6) Commercial Fishing Industry Impacts. To forecast the effects
                             of a sale upon Alaska's commercial fishing industry. Specific
                             issues addressed include; fishing industry activities of
                             harvesting and processing; employment; utility needs; harbors
                             and port facilities; competition for labor; competition for
                             ocean space use; and competition for infrastructure services.

                             (7) Local Sociocultural System Impacts. To forecast the effects
                             of a sale upon local sociocultural systems. Specific issues
                             addressed include: local community ties; territorial and
                             linguistic boundaries; settlement patterns; subsistence patterns
                             and values; and social organization such as family and community,
                             social systems, political systems, and response patterns to change.

                          The SESP began in 1976, at which time, oil exploration activities
                          were underway following the first Alaska OCS oil and gas lease sale--
                          the Northern Gulf of Alaska lease sale 39. Late in 1977, the
                          Federal Cook Inlet Sale, CI was held. Because the decisionmaking
                          process requires a long lead time preceding a sale, the SESP studies
                          began in 1976 and focused on the 1979 Federal/State Beaufort Sea Sale.
                          These studies were completed early in 1978. Since then the core
                          studies were completed early in 1978. Since then the core studies
                          have been completed for the northern Gulf of Alaska, Sale 55;
                          Western Gulf of Alaska-Kodiak, Sale 46; second generation Lower
                          Cook Inlet, Sale 60; Diapir Field, Sale 71; Norton Basin, Sale 57;
                          St. George Basin, Sale 70; and North Aleutian Shelf, Sale 75.
                          Beginning in 1982, studies began on the Navarin Basin, Sale 83;
                          Diapir Field, Sale 87; Norton Basin, Sale 88, and St. George Basin,

                                                       VI-126

               DOI/MMS                                                      FY 1983 UPDATE

                       Sale 89. The Barrow Arch, Sale 85, and the North Aleutian Basin,
                       Sale 92 were covered in FY 1983. In initiating the Barrow Arch,
                       SESP core studies have been performed for each planning area at
                       least once.

                       The earlier studies in the program relied primarily on the collection
                       of secondary information for the baseline work. Since FY 1982, this
                       has shifted towards substantial field efforts to collect more detailed
                       information. As a result of the increasing use of field efforts, the
                       study design is developing into that of case studies examining
                       so'cioeconomic and sociocultural issues simultaneously. Another trend
                       is to shift away from narrowly oriented studies to those of regional
                       or statewide scope. Specialized studies have also been designed
                       to develop an understanding of dynamic relationships or to fill
                       information gaps. These studies are as follows:

                            Monitoring of petroleum activities - FY 1980 Lower Cook Inlet
                                                                  FY 1983 Beaufort Sea
                            Impacts from enclave development on Alaska - FY 1980
                            Cumulative impacts of.OCS development - FY 1981 Bering Sea
                                                                     FY 1983 North Slope
                            Social indicator evaluation for impact monitoring - FY 1981
                              Aleutian Basin
                            Impacts of disruption of subsistence resources - FY 1981
                            Subsistence based economies in rural communities - FY 1982

                       In addition to the development of special studies, there  has been
                       a concentrated effort on having SESP findings published in peer
                       reviewed literature. Publications requirements have been added
                       to most of the ongoing special studies. Several small contracts
                       have been procured to analyze completed SESP findings, most notably
                       one for the review of the Economic and Demographic Modeling approach
                       and results.

               MILESTONES

                    To provide greater insight into the size and topical coverage of
               the Alaskan pr6gram. planned milestones are presented in terms of report
               due dates.

               � TITLE: Aerial Surveys of Endangered Whales in the Northern Bering.,
                 Chukchi, and Beaufort Seas. (MMS)

                    FY 1982 Annual report received December 1983
                    FY 1983 Annual report due June 1984
                    FY 1984 Final report due June 1985

               � TITLE: Possible Effects of Acoustic and Other Stimuli Associated with
                 Oil and Gas Exploration/Development on the Behavior of the Bowhe'ad
                 Whale. (MMS)

                                                   VI-127

                   DOI/MMS                                                     FY 1983 UPDATE

                        FY 1982 Annual report received December 1983
                        FY 1983 Annual report due April 1984
                        FY 1984 Final report due April 1985

                   � TITLE: Development of Satellite Linked Methods of Large Cetacean
                     Tagging and Tracking Capabilities in OCS Lease Areas. (MMS)

                        Successful satellite tracking of Humpback whale August 1983
                        FY 1982 Progress report received September 1983
                        Bowhead tagging, Alaska OCS September 1984
                        FY 1983 Progress report due October 1984

                   � TITLE: Computer Simulation of the Probability of Endangered Whale
                     Interaction with Oil Spills in the Beaufort, Chukchi, and Bering Seas.
                     (MMS)

                        Feasibility report due October 1984
                        Model development and simulation - September 1984-February 1985
                        Final report due March 1986

                   � TITLE: Investigation of the Potential Effects of Underwater Noise from
                     Petroleum Industry Activities on Migratory Gray Whale Behavior. (MMS)

                        Annual Report received December 1983
                        ,Final report due December 1984

                   � TITLE: Studies of the Effects of Experimentally Produced Noise
                     Associated with Oil and Gas Exploration and Development on Sea Otters
                     in California. (MMS)

                        Final report received November 1983

                   � TITLE: Distribution, Abundance, Composition, and Variability of the
                     Western Beaufort Sea Benthos. (OCSEAP)

                        Final report was due in March 1983
                        Project completed

                   � TITLE: Delineation of Permafrost Beneath the Arctic Seas. (OCSEAP)

                        Final report due June 1984

                   � TITLE: Offshore Permafrost Studies: Arctic Lease Areas. (OCSEAP)

                        Final report due April 1984

                                                        VI-128

                DOI/MMS                                                    FY 1983 UPDATE

                o TITLE: Subsea Permafrost and Gravel Resources. (OCSEAP)

                     Final report on permafrost due January 31, 1984
                     Final report on gravel resources due January 3, 1984

                o TITLE: Environmental Assessment-of Selected Habitats in Arctic Littoral
                  Systems. (OCSEAP)

                     Final report due.September 30, 1982

                o TITLE: Nutrient Dynamics and Trophic,System Energetics in Nearshore
                  Beaufort Sea Waters. (OCSEAP)

                     Final Report received
                     Project completed

                o TITLE: The Transport and Behavior of Oil Spilled In and Under Sea Ice.
                  (OCSEAP)

                     Final report received
                     Project completed

                o TITLE: Geophysical and Biological Reconnaissance of Rock Habitats in
                  Eastern Camden Bay, Beaufort Sea, Alaska (OCSEAP)

                     Final report received July 1983
                     Projects completed

                oTITLE: Nearshore Fish Survey in the Western Beaufort Sea: Harrison Bay
                  to Elson Lagoon.  (OCSEAP)

                     Final report received June 1983
                     Project completed

                o TITLE: Environmental Characterization of   Lagoons and Nearshore Shelf
                  Regions in the Eastern Beaufort Sea. (OCSEAP)

                     Final report received August 1983
                     Project completed

                o TITLE: Fish Distribution and Use of Nearshore Waters in the Northeastern
                  Chukchi Sea. (OCSEAP)

                     Final report due December 31, 1983

                                                   VI-129

                    DOI/MMS                                                  FY 1983 UPDATE

                    � TITLE: Synthesis of Permafrost Information. (OCSEAP)

                         Project completed

                    � TITLE: Publication Support for the Book, "The Alaska Beaufort Sea:
                      Ecosystems and Environment. (OCSEAP)

                    The book is to be published by Academic Press in July 1984

                    � TITLE: Primary Productivity and Nutrient Dynamics in the Chukchi Sea.
                      (OCSEAP)

                         Data report due December 31, 1983

                    � TITLE: Biological Reconnaissance of Boulder Island Shoal in Western
                      Camden Bay, Beaufort Sea, Alaska. (OCSEAP)

                         Final report due January 31, 1984

                    � TITLE: Technical and Scientific Support for Preparation of Workshop
                      Documentation. (OCSEAP)

                         Final report due December 15, 1983

                    � TITLE: Sea Ice Ridges and Pile-up. (OCSEAP)

                         Annual report due June 1984
                         Final report due September 1984

                    � TITLE: Current Measurements in Possible Dispersal Regions of Arctic
                      Seas. (OCSEAP)

                         Final report due December 1983

                    � TITLE: Shorebird Dependence on Arctic Littoral Habitats. (OCSEAP)

                         Final report (synthesis) due December 13, 1983

                    � TITLE: Distribution, Abundance, and Feeding of Birds Associated with
                      Sea Ice. (OCSEAP)

                         Final report due December 31, 1983

                    � TITLE: Geologic Environment of the Chukchi and Beaufort Sea Shelf and
                      Coastal Regions. (OCSEAP)

                                                       VI-130

                DOI/MMS                                                   FY 1983 UPDATE

                     Annual report due April 1984 (1983 work)
                     Annual report due April 1985 (1984 work)

                o TITLE: Effects of Seismic Exploration on Ringed Seal Distribution,
                  Abundance, and Reproductive Success. (OCSEAP)

                     Digital data due September 30, 1.984
                     Final report due Dcember 31, 1984

                � TITLE: Remote Sensing Analysis of Ice Conditions and Other Parameters
                  of Interest to the Outer Continental Shelf Environmental Assessment
                  Program.  (OCSEAP)

                     Annual report due September .30, 1983
                     North Aleutian Basin report due November 1983

                � TITLE: Meteorological Regimes in the Arctic. (OCSEAP)

                     Preliminary report on FY 1983 objectives due April 1984
                     Final report on headland effects due September 1984
                     Final report on wind fields vs. buoy motion due September 1984,
                     Syntheses report on wind fields and ice movement due December 1984

                � TITLE: Numerical Modeling of  Storm Surges in the Beaufort and Chukchi
                  Seas.  (OCSEAP)

                     Report on ice motions due May 1984
                     Storm surge on the Yukon Delta Report due December 1984

                o TITLE: Acoustic Research on Ringed Seals. (OCSEAP)

                     Annual report due December 13, 1984
                     Audio data due December 31, 1984

                o TITLE: Environmental Characterization and Biological Utilization of
                  Peard Bay. (OCSEAP)

                     Phase I final report due August 31, 1984
                     Phase II final report due August 31, 1985

                o TITLE: Oceanographic Data from the Bering, Chukchi, and Beaufort Seas.
                  (OCSEAP)

                     Final report due March.31, 1984

                                                  VI-131

                    DOI/MMS                                                    FY 1983 UPDATE

                    o TITLE: Chukchi Sea Coastal Studies: Geomorphology, Environmental
                      Sensitivity, and Persistence of Spilled Oil. (OCSEAP)

                         Final report due April 1984

                    o TITLE: Nearshore and Coastal Circulation in the Northeastern Chukchi
                      Sea. (OCSEAP)

                         Semi-annual report due November 30, 1983
                         Final report due April 30, 1984

                    o TITLE: Belukha Whale Disturbance Studies. (OCSEAP)

                         Final report due January 1984

                    o TITLE: A Seismotectonic Analysis of the Seismic and Volcanic Hazards in
                      the Pribilof-Eastern Aleutian Islands Region. (OCSEAP)

                         Final report received
                         Project completed

                    o TITLE: Pelagic Distribution and Abundance of Seabirds in the Gulf of
                      Alaska and Eastern Bering Sea. (OCSEAP)

                         Final report submitted
                         Project completed

                    o TITLE: Zooplankton Distribution and Acoustic Studies in the Bering Sea.
                      (OCSEAP)

                         Final report received
                         Project completed

                    o TITLE: Compilation of a Homogenous Earthquake Catalog for the Alaskan-
                      Aleutian Range. (OCSEAP)

                         Final report due November 1983

                    o TITLE: Seafloor Hazards and Related Surficial Geology, Navarin Basin
                      Province, Northern Bering Sea. (OCSEAP)

                         Final report received
                         Project completed

                    o TITLE: Seafloor Geologic Hazards on the North Aleutian Shelf. (OCSEAP)

                                                        VI-132

                DOI/MMS                                                   FY .1983 UPDATE

                     Final report received
                     Project completed

                � TITLE: Population Dynamics of King, Tanner, and Other.Decapod Larvae
                  in the Southeastern Bering Sea. (OCSEAP)

                     Final report received
                     Project completed

                � TITLE: Modern Populations, Demography, Migrations, Trophics, and
                  Historical Status of the Pacific Walrus. (OCSEAP)

                     Final report due December 31, 1983

                o TITLE: Investigations of Belukha Whales in Coastal Waters of Western
                  and Northern Alaska. (OCSEAP)

                     Final report due December 31, 1983

                � TITLE: Boundary Conditions and Verification of Circulation and Oil
                  Spill Trajectories in the Eastern Bering Sea Shelf. (OCSEAP)

                     Final report due December 31, 1983

                � TITLE: Ecological-Characterization of Shallow Subtidal Habitats in the
                  North Aleutian Shelf. (OCSEAP)

                     Final report due October 14, 1983

                � TITLE: Endangered Whale Surveys of the Navarin Basin, Alaska. (OCSEAP)

                     Final report due January 4, 1984

                � TITLE: Feeding Ecology of Gray Whales (Eschrichtius robustus) in the
                  Chirikof Basin, Summer 1982. (OCSEAP)

                     Final report due October 1, 1983

                � TITLE: Pribilof Islands Seabird Census. (OCSEAP)

                     Final report received
                     Project completed

                � TITLE: Assessment of Gray Whale Feeding Grounds and Seafloor Interaction
                  in the Northeastern Bering Sea. (OCSEAP)

                                                  VI-133

                  DOI/MMS                                                     FY 1983 UPDATE

                        Final report due October 1983

                  o TITLE: Environmental Characterization of the North Aleutian Shelf
                    Nearshore Region. (OCSEAP)

                        Final report due December 31, 1983

                  o TITLE: Ecological Characterization of the Yukon River Delta. (OCSEAP)

                        Final report due October 31, 1983

                  o, TITLE: Pelagic Distribution of Seabirds, Analysis of Encounter
                    Probability, and Risk Assessment. (OCSEAP)

                        Final report due January 31, 1984

                  o TITLE: Oil Spill Impact Analysis in the Beaufort, Chukchi, and Bering
                    Seas.

                        North Aleutian trajectories due October 1983
                        Norton Basin trajectories due April 1984
                        Navarin Basin trajectories due September 1984
                        Peard Bay, Barter Island, Cold Bay Circulation Report due September 1984

                  o TITLE: Analysis of Populations and Trophics at Large Seabird Colonies
                    in the Chukchi and Northern Bering Seas. (OCSEAP)

                        Final report and digital data due May 31, 1984

                  o TITLE: Aerial Surveys of Endangered Whales in the Southeastern Bering
                    Sea and Shelikof Strait. (OCSEAP)

                        Final report due August 31, 1984

                  o TITLE: Feeding Ecology of Juvenile King and Tanner Crabs in the
                    Southeastern Bering Sea. (OCSEAP)

                        Final report due December 31, 1983

                  o TITLE: Distribution, Abundance, and Biology of Blue King and Korean
                    Hair Crabs Around the Pribilof Islands. (OCSEAP)

                        Final report due July 31, 1984

                                                      VI-134

                DOI/MMS                                                      FY 1983 UPDATE

                o TITLE: Distribution of Larval and Juvenile Red King Crab in the North
                  Aleutian Basin. (OCSEAP)

                     Final report due April 30, 1984

                o TITLE: Simulation Modeling of the Effects of Acute Oil Spills on
                  Commercially Important Fishery Resources in the Bering Sea. (OCSEAP)

                     Tabular simulation results due August 1984
                     Final report due September 1984

                o TITLE: Earthquake Activity and Ground    Shaking In and Along  the Eastern
                  Gulf of Alaska. (OCSEAP)

                     Final report received
                     .Project completed

                o TITLE: The Breeding Biology And Feeding Ecology of Marine Birds in the
                  Gulf of Alaska. (OCSEAP)

                     Final report completed
                     Project completed

                o TITLE: Distribution and Abundance of Decapod Larvae of the Kodiak
                  Shelf. (OCSEAP)

                     Final report received
                     Project completed

                o TITLE: Marine Geotechnical Program in Support of Geological Hazards
                  Study. (OCSEAP)

                     Final report received June 1983
                     Project completed

                o TITLE: Development and Initial    Application of Software to Produce a
                  Seismic Hazard Analysis of the Gulf of Alaska. (OCSEAP)

                     Final report received
                     Project completed

                o TITLE: Storm-Petrels as Indicators of Environmental Conditions.
                  (OCSEAP)

                     Final report due October 1, 1983

                                                    VI-135

                   DOI/MMS                                                   FY 1983 UPDATE

                   � TITLE: Gulf of Alaska Book. (OCSEAP)

                        The book will be completed by December 31, 1984 and published in 1985.

                   � TITLE: Multivariate Analysis of Petroleum Weathering in the Marine
                     Environment - Subarctic. (OCSEAP)

                        User's manual received August 1, 1983
                        Final report due October 1, 1983

                   � TITLE:' The Nature and Biological Effects of Weathered Petroleum.
                     (OCSEAP)

                        Final report due October 1, 1983

                   � TITLE: Lethal and Sublethal Effects of Petroleum Contamination on the
                     Post-Larval Stages of King Crab. (OCSEAP)

                   Final report was due April 1, 1983

                   � TITLE: Quality Assurance Program for Trace Petroleum Component
                     Analysis. (OCSEAP)

                        Annual report due October 1, 1983
                        Semi-annual report due April 1, 1984
                        Annual report due October 1, 1984

                   � TITLE: Baffin Island Oil Spill (BIOS) Project. (OCSEAP)

                        Annual report due September 1, 1983
                        Annual report due September 1, 1984

                   � TITLE: Predictive Assessment for the Weathering of Oil in the Presence
                     of Sea Ice. (OCSEAP)

                        Semi-annual report due April 1, 1984
                        Final report due January 1, 1985

                   � TITLE: Reproductive Success in Tanner (Chionoecetes bairdi) and
                     Dungeness (Cancer magister) Crabs During Long-Term Exposures to
                     Oil-Contami7n-ated Sediments. (OCSEAP)

                        Final report on tanner crab due October 1, 1983
                        Final report on tanner and dungeness due December 1, 1984

                                                      VI-136

                DOI/MMS                                                       FY 1983 UPDATE

                                 Alaska Socioeconomic Studies And Milestones

                     The SESP studies in FY 1983 are listed below under the categories of
                General Studies, Arctic Studies, and Sub-arctic Studies. All are
                contracted by MMS.

                GENERAL STUDIES

                     Economic and Demographic Systems Analyses for Lease Offerings North
                Aleutian Basin (4/85), Norton Basin (10/85), Navarin Basin (3/86), Gulf
                of Alaska/Cook Inlet (10/84), Diapir Field (6/84) and St. George Basin
                (12/84).

                     Final forecasts and due dates as follows:

                         North Aleutian Basin (4/85)                 December 1983
                         Norton Basin (10/85)                        April 1984
                         Navarin Basin (3/86)                        September 1984
                         Gulf of Alaska/Cook Inlet (10/84)           December 1984
                         Diapir Field (6/84)                         August 1983
                         St. George Basin (12/84                     January 1984

                MILESTONES

                0 TITLE: Effects of Renewable Resource Harvest Disruptions on
                  socioeconomic and Sociocultural Systems Impact Analysis: Unalakleet,
                 .St. Lawrence Island, and Wainwright.

                     Final reports are due as follows: Unalaklett - January 1984; St.
                     Lawrence Island - February,1984; Wainwright      March 1984

                o TITLE: Cultural Resources Compendium.

                     Draft final report submitted in October 1983.

                � TITLE: Rural/Subsistence Based Economies.

                     Draft final report was submitted in November 1983

                � TITLE: Social Indicators for OCS Impact Monitoring.

                     Final report submitted in   May 1983

                � TITLE: Anchorage Impacts Analysis.

                     The final report is due in January 1984.

                                                     VI-137

                   DOI/MMS,                                                 FY 1983 UPDATE

                   o TITLE: Nuiqsut Case Study.

                        Final report is due in January 1984

                   o TITLE: Recreation User Study.

                        Final report is due in April 1984

                   o TITLE: Transportation Systems Impact Analysis for the Bering Sea,
                    Navarin Basin and Diapir Field.

                        The Bering Sea final report is due in April 1984
                        The Diapir Field final report is due is March 1984
                        The Navarin Basin final report is due in July 1984.

                   o TITLE: Comparative Analysis of Offshore Loading and Pipeline Systems.

                        Final report due August 1984

                   ARCTIC STUDIES

                   o TITLE: Chukchi Sea and Hope Basin Petroleum Technology Assessments.

                        Final reports submitted in December 1982 and July 1983

                   o TITLE: Marketability of Bering Sea Gas.

                        The final repo rt was submitted in May 1983

                   o TITLE: Chukchi Sea Socioeconomic Study.

                        The final report is due in December 1983

                   o TITLE: Impact Assessment of Transportation Systems for Lease Offerings
                     Barrow Arch (2/85) and North Aleutian Basin (4/85).

                        Final report will be due in December 1983

                   o TITLE: Petroleum Activity Monitoring for Lease Sales BF and 70, and
                    Lease Offering Navarin Basin (3/84).

                        Draft final report due in January 1984

                                                     VI-138

                DOI/MMS                                                   FY 1983 UPDATE

                � TITLE: Bering Sea Cumulative Commercial Fishing Industries Impact
                  Analysis.

                     The final report is due in March 1984

                � TITLE: Publications Projects: Sociocultural Review of the Southwest
                  Bering Commercial Fishing Industries in the Bering Sea and Economic,
                  Demographic and Fiscal Effects of OCS-Activities.

                     The final journal articles for all three components are due in July 1984

                � TITLE: Damage Functions and Oil/Fish Interaction.

                     Draft final report is due October 1984

                TITLE: Cumulative Effects of North Sl ope Oil and Gas Development.

                     Draft final report due September 1984

                SUB-ARCTIC STUDIES

                o TITLE: Norton Sound Socioeconomic Study.

                     The draft final report was submitted in August 1983

                o TITLE: Unalaska-Cold Bay Case Study.

                     Final reports were submitted in August 1983

                o TITLE: Sub-arctic Alaska Deep Water  Petroleum Technology Assessment.

                     Draft final report due in January 1984

                o TITLE: North Aleutian Basin Commercial Fishing Industry Analysis Update.

                     Final report is due in February 1984

                o TITLE: North Aleutian Shelf Socioeconomic Study.

                     Final report due in March 1984

                                                  VI-139

                   DOIIMMS                                                      FY 1983 UPDATE

                   Estimated Funding (in thousand $)

                                               FY82*     FY83     FY84      FY85**

                   Alaskan Environmental
                     Studies                 $121-768 $11,772
                   Alaskan Socioeconomic
                     Studies                   $1,425    $1,298              --

                                TOTAL        $14,193    $13,207  $11,770  $11,770

                     In the FY 1982 Program  Summaries Update, funding   for this program in
                     FY 1982 w@-sreported as $13,733K. The amount reported here is a more
                     accurate estimate of FY 1982 funding for this program.

                      The total FY 1985 MMS Environmental Studies Program is level funded.
                      Regional allocations have not yet been determined.

                   Regional Program Contacts:

                   Dr. Cleveland Cowles                        Mr. Thomas Warren
                   Chief, Environmental Studies Section        Chief, Socioeconomic Studies Section
                   Minerals Management Service                 Minerals Management Service
                   Alaska OCS Regional Office                  Alaska OCS Regional Office
                   P.O. Box 101159                             P.O. Box 101159
                   Anchorage, Alaska 99510                     Anchorage, Alaska 99510
                   Telephone: (907) 261-2447                   Telephone: (907) 261-2426

                                                         VI-140

                                                                            FY 1983 UPDATE

                                         DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
                                       U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE

                                             MISSION STATEMENT

                      The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has general responsibility for
                 perpetuating and providing public use and enjoyment of fish and wildlife
                 of the United States. Its functions include responsibility for fish and
                 wildlife resources and habitats of national interest through research,
                 management, and provision of technical assistance to other Federal and
                 non-government agencies and States.

                      The operations of the Service include those conducted in the entire
                 coastal zone, the contiguous lands, and the waters that flow into the
                 zone. Through the Assistant Secretary for Fish and Wildlife and Parks,
                 the Service acts as principal environmental protection advisor in reviewing
                 various Departmental policy and option documents for energy development
                 programs including those in-the Coastal Zone.

                      The Service places high priorities on activities that will assure
                 protection of fish and wildlife. Portions of its component programs
                 with marine-pollution-related goals, objectives, and activities constitute
                 important factors in the protection, conservation, and enhancement of
                 estuarine and coastal fish and wildlife resources and their habitats.

                                      FEDERAL PERSONNEL AND FACILITIES

                      None of the FWS laboratories, equipment, or vessels are exclusively
                 or substantially devoted to any activity directly related to marine
                 pollution research or monitoring. However, personnel associated with
                 marine pollutionefforts are as follows:

                      o Fishery Resources Program - 8 FTE
                      o Habitat Resources Program - 22 FTE

                                            PROGRAM DESCRIPTIONS

                                         Fishery Resources Program

                 Rsearch and Development

                 Objective

                      To collect, collate, and interpret diverse information on fish
                 species, populations, and habitats in order to provide information,
                 methodology and materials to assist fishery managers In decisions about
                 protection, enhancement and utilization of resources. Research will
                 address specific needs of the Service and, when feasible, respond to
                 the needs of other Federal agencies, Indian tribes, State agencies,
                 and international groups.

                                                   VI-201

                    DOI/FWS                                                    FY 1983UPDATE

                    Base Program

                         To assist in attaining Fishery Resources Program goals and objectives,
                    the Service operates one national fishery researh center consisting of 5
                    satellite research laboratories, 4 other major laboratories, and 28 field
                    stations. An intensive research effort involving 74 projects and 250
                    subordinate work units is scheduled for FY 1984 in the two major areas of
                    fish husbandry/aquaculture and fish ecology.

                         Fish ecology research involves three primary areas: fish population
                    dynamics and assessment, the relationship between fish species and their
                    habitat or environment, and fish control methods. Results of this research
                    enhance the understanding of the effects of man-made and natural environmental
                    changes on fish populations and their habitats, and are used in predicting
                    impacts of changes resulting from management or land and water develop-
                    ment decisions or actions.

                         The Great Lakes Fishery Laboratory, Ann Arbor, Michigan, conducts
                    resource assessment, ecology, and contaminant studies on important sport
                    and commercial fish species and their forage base in all five of the Great
                    Lakes. Key marine pollution-related components of these studies center on
                    the following:

                         1.  Investigations of physiological and behavioral
                             responses of desirable fish species and their forage
                             bases to physical and chemical alterations of the
                             habitat.

                         2.  Investigations of nutrient loading and altered water
                             quality on the productivity of the plankton-benthos
                             community, and the effects of changes in community
                             composition on fishery productivity.

                         3.  Sample collection, quality assurance and contaminant
                             analysis in conjunction with the cooperative U.S./
                             Canadian "International Great Lakes Fish Contaminant
                             Surveillance Program."

                         4. Documentation of the effects of water-use practices on
                             fish communities and production leading to development
                             of water-use regulations that insure protection and
                             enhancement of Great Lakes fishery resources.

                    Milestones:

                         �  Determine structure and productivity of fish communities
                            in the St. Clair-Detroit River ecosystem - 1982.

                         �  Perform cross-check analysis of contaminants in fish tissue
                            samples for the International Great Lakes Fish Contaminant
                            Surveillance Program - 1983.

                         �  Isolate and identify attractant pheromones in lake trout
                            1984.

                                                        VI-202

                  DOI/FWS                                                        FY 1983 UPDATE

                        �  Conduct comparisons of condition and survival of fry hatched
                           from eggs of Lake Michigan lake trout - 1984.

                        �  Describe and assess effects of precipitation-borne fallout,
                           tributatry inflow, and resuspension of lake sediments on
                           nutrient loading and water quality in the Great Lakes and
                           their connecting waters - 1984.

                        �  Describe the effects of nutrient loading and altered       water
                           quality on the productivity of the plankton-benthos community
                           in Great Lakes waters - 1984

                        �  Describe the utilization of the plankton-benthos community
                           by fish, and the effect of changes in availability and
                           composition of that community on fish productivity         1984.

                        �  Perform GC/MS scans of 1982 fish samples - 1984.

                        �  Further verify GC/MS tentative identifications in 1977 and
                           1982 samplings - 1984.

                        �  Evaluate fish spawning and nursery habitat in Great Lakes
                           nearshore waters - 1985.

                        o  Determine effects of power'plant ash on fish habitat and
                           productivity in Great Lakes nearshore waters       1986.

                  Estimated Funding (in thousand $)

                       FY82     FY83      FY84      FY85*

                       $705     $661      $658      $658

                    Presidential budget   submission.

                  Program Contact

                  Dr. Robert E. Stevens
                  Chief, Division of FIshery Research
                  U.S. Fish and'Wildlife Service
                  Washington. D.C. 20240
                  Telephone (202) 653-8.772

                                            Habitat Resources-Proiram

                        In FY 1983, an organizational change within the Fish and Wildlife
                  Service  created a new entity known as Research and Development. Portions
                  of the previously reported (FY 1982 UPDATE) subactivities known as Biolog-
                  ical Services and Environmental Contaminant Evaluation became program
                  elements under this new R&D subactivity. Biological Services now func-
                  tions as a division within R&D. The Monitoring and Field Operations

                                                        VI-203

                   DOI/FWS                                                     FY 1983 UPDATE

                   components of the contaminant evaluation entity are now identified as the
                   Resource Contaminant Assessment element under the Field Operations Sub-
                   activity. The Research Component of the contaminant evaluation entity is
                   now identified as the Research program element under the Habitat Resources
                   Activity, Research and Development Subactivity.

                   Biological Services

                         Biological Services was established to supply scientific information
                   and methodologies on key environmental issues that impact fish and
                   wildlife  resources and their supporting ecosystems. The mission is:

                         1.  To develop, synthesize, and transfer ecological information
                             to Federal, State, and private users, to address fish and
                             habitat and resource issues of national and regional
                             importance, and to minimize and mitigate the effects of
                             development on those resources*

                         2.  To develop and apply tools, methods, and technologies to
                             improve the collection, storage, and analysis and display
                             of ecological information used in management of fish and
                             wildlife habitats and resources.

                         3.  To provide technical assistance and training to resource
                             managers and other decisionmakers who use ecological
                             information and tools to effectively manage fish and
                             wildlife resources and their habitats.

                         4.  To develop and maintain computerized natural resource
                             information management systems, data management systems
                             and data bases, and training and instructional material
                             for Service personnel and other Federal agencies and
                             State and private users.

                         Projects have been initiated in coastal areas to determine changes
                   in important fish and wildlife wetland habitats, to minimize the impacts
                   of development on coastal fish and wildlife resources and their habitats,
                   and to support the Departmental accelerated offshore oil and gas leasing
                   program. New approaches have been developed to characterize the coastal
                   areas to better understand, predict, and compensate for multiple impacts
                   of development on fish and wildlife resources. Particular emphasis is
                   being placed on potential impacts on coastal birds, endangered species,
                   and high-value habitats.

                   Milestones:

                         �  Complete Gulf Coast Ecological Inventory - 1983.

                         �  Complete Mississippi Deltaic Ecological Characterization
                            1983.

                         �  Complete Texas Barrier Island Ecological Characterization
                            1983.

                                                       VI-204

                 DOI/FWS                                                    FY 1983 UPDATE

                      0 Complete Ecological Characterizations of Northeastern Gulf
                         of Mexico and Southwestern Florida - i985.

                 Field Operations: Resource Contaminant Assessment

                                  Pesticide and Toxic Chemical Monitoring

                      The objective is to determine Nationwide trends by location (geo-
                 graphical differences) and over time (differences through years) of
                 selected environmental contaminants in representative species of fish
                 and wildlife. The base program involves Fish and Wildlife Service
                 participation in the National Contaminant Biomonitoring Program (NCBP)
                 by monitoring environmental contaminants in selected species of fish
                 and wildlife. The program documents contaminant burdens and trends in
                 those species and detects new chemical hazards in the environment.

                                        Contaminant Field Operations

                      Objectives of this portion of the program are to respond to changes
                 in pollution levels in the environment by locating, identifying, and
                 correcting sources of contamination through field appraisals and investi-
                 gations of fish and wildlife losses. The base program provides technical
                 assistance on pesticide use and potential effects of pollutants on key
                 fish and wildlife communities, appraisals of direct contaminant impacts
                 in the field, assistance and expertise concerning spills of oil and other
                 hazardous substances when fish and.wildlife might be affected and investi-
                 gations of fish and wildlife mortality related to environmental contam-
                 inants.

                 Research and Development: Contaminant Research

                      The objective of the research portion of the program is to identify
                 fish and wildlife populations and ecosystems of high national interest
                 that are adversely affected by environmental contaminantsand evaluate
                 the impacts of contaminants on these living resources. Corrective measures
                 are recommended to reduce exposure of fish and wildlife to environmental
                 contaminants. The base program consists of combined field and laboratory
                 research which evaluate the effects of environmental contaminants on fish,
                 wildlife and their habitats. The basic research strategy is identification
                 and prediction of contaminant impacts on fish and wildlife resources,
                 documentation of adverse effects, tracking recovery of populations, and
                 maintaining surveillance of populations once recovery has occurred.

                      During FY 1983 research was conducted on the effects of contaminants
                 on wildlife in estuarine, marine, and freshwater (Great Lakes) environ-
                 ments. Research on contaminant effects on wildlife in marine and estuarine
                 environments is conducted at the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel,
                 Maryland, and includes consideration of ecological effects of contaminants
                 on wading birds, brown'pelicans and associated estuarine birds, rails,
                 shorebirds, bald eagles, and ospreys. Experimental appraisals assess
                 exposure and effects of oil on birds. Impacts of environmental contaminants
                 on Alaskan birds are being assessed also. Research on contaminant effects

                                                    VI-205

                   DOI/FWS                                                    FY 1983 UPDATE

                   on aquatic species of the Great Lakes is conducted at the  Great Lakes
                   Fishery Laboratory, Ann Arbor, Michigan, and includes the  determination of
                   the identity, severity, distribution, and changing trends  of contaminants
                   that are a potential threat to fish and fisheries of the Great Lakes.
                   Research on contaminant effects on striped bass as well as contaminant
                   surveys along the Texas coast is conducted by the Columbia National
                   Fisheries Research Laboratory, Columbia, Missouri.

                        Results of the National Contaminant Biomonitoring Program (NCBP) on
                   fish reflect declines in contaminant residues of concern such as DDT, poly-
                   chlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and lead from 1978-79 to 1980-81. Striped
                   bass research has revealed that early life stages exposed to simulated
                   field concentrations of organic and inorganic contaminants can decrease
                   survivability. Bloater chubs collected from the Great Lakes in 1982 were
                   analyzed for DDT, PCBs and toxaphene. Results show no significant change
                   from the 1980 collections. All concentrations were below the FDA action
                   level for human consumption.

                   Milestones:

                        o  Fish samples collected from the NCBP in 1982-83 will be
                           analyzed to confirm earlier detection of unknown contam-
                           inants - 1984.

                        o  Laboratbry and field investigations of contaminants effects
                           on striped bass will continue - 1984.

                        o  Analysis of bloater chubs collected (1983) from the Great
                           Lakes will be completed - 1984.

                        o  Investigations of the effects of acid precipitation
                           on salmonids (Atlantic salmon) will continue - 1984.

                   Estimated Funding (in thousand $)

                       FY82*    FY83     FY84      FY85**

                      $2,197   $1,701    $1,621   $1,596

                     As a result of the reorganization in FY 1983, funding reported under
                     the Biological Services and Environmental Contaminants Evaluation
                     Programs in the FY 1982 Program Summaries URdate have been combined
                     and reported under the Habitat Resources Program.

                      Presidential budget submission.

                   Program Contact

                   Dr. Edward T. LaRoe
                   Chief, Division of Biological Services
                   U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
                   Washington, D.C. 20240
                   Telephone (202) 653-8723

                                                       VI-206

                                                                                  FY 1983 UPDATE

                                          DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
                                            U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

                                                   MISSION

                      The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) was established on March 3, 1879,
                 and assigned the responsibility for "classification of the public lands,
                 and examination of the geological structure, mineralresources, and
                 products of the national domain." Over the years, Congressional and
                 Executive directives have expanded the Survey's geological mission to
                 include topographic mapping, and hydrological investigations of water in
                 streams and underground. In compliance with this broad mission for earth
                 science research and application, a few programs related to ocean pollu-
                 tion research, development, and monitoring are carried out by the Geologic
                 Division and Water Resources Division.

                                             PROGRAMDESCRIPTIONS

                                      Water Resources Division Program

                      The Water Resources Division (WRD) has the principal responsibility
                 for providing hydrologic data on surface and ground water, an d for
                 satisfying water information needs at all levels of government. The
                 Division also performs those research studies that are needed to assure
                 competent hydrologic investigations. Programs of interest to COPRDM
                 include the long-term operation of downstream gages on major rivers and
                 streams (yielding both quantity and quality data), and site specific
                 investigations of estuarine circulation, geochemistry, and ecology.

                 Estimated Funding-(in thousand $)

                     FY82*    FY83     FY84      FY85**

                    $6,113   $3,758   $3,700    $3,500

                   Some projects listed in FY 1982 were not included in subsequent years
                   due to a reevaluation of program pollutionstudies.

                 **.Presidential.budget submission

                 Program Manager

                      Robert Schoen
                      U.S. Geological Survey
                      Water Resources Division
                      (703) 860-6834

                                    Earth Sciences Ap2lications Program

                      The role of the Office of Earth Science Applications (ESA-), within
                 the U.S. Geological Survey, is to develop, encourage, coordinate, and
                 implement the transfer of earth-science information related to land and

                                                   VI-301

                   DOI/USCS                                                         FY 1983 UPDATE

                   resource planning to planners and decisionmakers. It is the aim of the
                   ESA program to assure maximum value of studies conducted by the Geological
                   Survey's Divisions for local and State management decisions. ESA supports
                   the oil s_pill trajectory analysis activity which provides information
                   regarding possible landfalls of any petroleum spilled during OCS
                   development.

                        The Earth Sciences Applications Program was terminated at the end
                   of FY 1982.

                   Estimated Funding (in thousand $)

                       FY82     FY83      FY84     FY85

                                  $0       $0       $0

                   Program Manager

                        John E. Jones
                        U.S. Geological Survey
                        Office of Earth Science Applications
                        (703) 860-6857

                                            Geologic Division Program

                        In 1879 much of the national domain was froniter. Today the Nation's
                   geographic frontiers primarily lie beneath its surrounding waters. By
                   Presidential proclamation in 1983, the national domain for seabed resources
                   has been extended to 200 nautical miles offshore. This United States
                   Exclusive Ecomomic Zone (EEZ), a marine domain surrounding the continental
                   United States, Hawaii, and United States-related islands, consititutes
                   an area about one and two-thirds larger than the size of the onshore
                   area. In this vast domain lie resources of immense importance to the
                   Nation. Through marine geologic surveys, key aspects of this region
                   can be studied.

                        The marine program has three major elements: (1) Regional Geologic
                   Framework; (2) Marine Deposits and Sedimentary Dynamics; and (3) Formation
                   of Marine Energy and Mineral Deposits. Studies of interest to COPRDM
                   occur in the elements (2) and (3). Because none of these elements focus
                   on ocean pollution, only estimates of relevant content can be given for
                   assessment of resources applied to COPRDM activities.

                                                      VI-302

                 DOVUSGS                                                   FY 1983 UPDATE

                 Estimated Funding (in thousand $)

                     FY82*    FY83     FY84     FY85**

                    $3,935   $1,372   $1,855   $1,872

                   Some projects listed in FY 1982 were not included in subsequent years
                   due to a reorganization and transfer of some projects. This program
                  .was not included in the National Marine Pollution Program in FY 1982
                   and was not reported in the FY 1982 Program Summaries Update.

                    Presidential budget submission

                 Program Manage

                 Robert W. Rowland
                 U.S. Geological Survey, Geologic Division
                 (703) 860-6431

                                      FEDERAL PERSONNEL AND FACILITIES

                      In FY 1983, the U.S. Geological Survey employed 35 full-time
                 equivalents who were assigned exclusively or substantially to marine
                 pollution programs.

                      The R/V POLARIS, 90 ft. LOA, spent approximately 150 ship days
                 studying pollution-related processes in and around the San Francisco Bay.
                 These studies involved coastal-estuarine light geophysics studies and
                 water sampling.

                                                   VI-303

                                                                                                                         Vil. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATIOh

                                                                                      FY 1983 UPDATE

                                             DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

                                                    U.S. COAST GUARD

                                                          CONTENTS

                                                                                                 Page

                  ORGANIZATION CHART   ...................                                ... VII-ii

                  FUNDING SUMMARY   ..................   o.........              ......   ... VII-iii

                  FUNDING EMPHASIS GRAPH-o       .......................                         VII-iv

                  MISSION STATEMENT AND LEGISLATIVE MANDATES        .........  -oo.oo ....    VII-101

                  FEDERAL PERSONNEL AND FACILITIES      ....... o ......     ..............   VII-102

                  PROGRAM DESCRIPTIONS.o .... o-ooo-         .... o..........  -oo   .......  VII-102

                        Marine Environmental Response Program-         ........  .........  o VII-102

                        Port and Environmental.Safety Program        ..........   ..........  VII-103

                                                             VII-i

                                                              DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
                                                                  UNITED STATES COAST GUARD

                                                                              Commandant

                                                                            Vice-Commandant

                                                                                             __T

                                                              erchant Marine                Marine Enviro
                                                                 Safety                        and Syste

                                                                                          Marine Environment
                                                                                             Protection Programs
                                                                                  I                                I
                                                Engineering                  Operations                       Research &
                                                                                                             Development
                                                                                            M
                                                                                            a ;in e      nment
                                                                                              rand !     @j
                                                                                                         ms
                                                                                       E[11A ';'@ c:.

                                                                 DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
                                                                        U.S. COAST GUARD

                                                                     PROGRAM FUNDING SUMMARY
                                               RELATED TO OCEAN POLLUTION RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND MONITORING
                                                       HISTORICAL BUDGET AND ESTIMATED OUT-YEAR FUNDING
                                                                     FISCAL YEARS 1982-1985

                                                                                               (In Thousand Dollars)

                                                                               FY 82           FY 83          FY 84          FY 85 b
                                                                            (Estimated)    (Estimated)    (Estimated) (Presidential)

                   Marine Environmental Response Program                          460            645             408            965
                   Port and Environmental Safety Program                        3,000          2,300             800              0

                                U.S. Coast Guard Total                          3,460 a        2,945           1,208            965
          FL

                   a The funding reported by the   Coast Guard for FY 1982 differs    from that reported in the FY 1982 Program
                      Summaries Update. See the pr   ogram descriptions in this section for details.

                                                  DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
                                                             U.S. COAST GUARD
                                          OCEAN POLLUTION RESEARCH AND MONITORING
                                                            FUNDING EMPHASIS
                                                             FY1983 ESTIMATES

                                                                    Accidental
                                                                    Discharges
                                                                     $2.9M
                                                                     (100%)

                                                                            FY 1983 UPDATE

                                        DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

                                              U.S. COAST GUARD

                                 MISSION STATEMENT AND LEGISLATIVE MANDATES

                     Listed below are the U.S. Coast Guard missions and legislative
                mandates supporting those missions related to ocean pollution research
                development and monitoring.

                                  Duty                           Legislative Mandate

                (1)  Safe construction and maintenance         - Port and Tanker Safety Act
                     of U.S. Flag vessels                      - Federal Water Pollution
                                                                    Control Act as Amended

                (2)  Safe movement of all vessels on             Port and Tanker Safety Act
                     U.S. navigable waters and adjacent          Federal Water Pollution
                     high seas                                      Control Act as Amended

                (3)  Quality of the marine environment           Dange rous Cargo Act
                     (related to transportation of oil           Marine Protection, Research
                     and hazardous polluting substances             and Sanctuaries Act
                     in U.S. waters)

                (4)  Preventing pollution from oil and'          Federal Water Pollution
                     hazardous substances-and their                 Control Act as Amended
                     transportation related feasibilities

                (5)  Mitigating discharge of oil/hazardous       Federal Water Pollution
                     substances                                     Control Act as Amended

                (6)  Mitigating pollution as'it affects          Fisheries Conservation and
                     natural resources                              Management Act of 1976

                     In addition, the U.S. Coast Guard is the United States representative
                to the Inter-governmental Maritime Consultative Organization (IMCO) and
                the United Nations for improved safety and pollution prevention at sea.

                     The majority of the Coast Guard efforts are in the active reduction
                of the potential for pollution with a smaller effort directed toward the
                COPRDM related activities of ocean pollution research, development and
                monitoring. The operating program areas that are involved at various
                times in COPRDM activities are Marine Environmental Protection, Commercial
                Vessel Saftey, Port Safety, and Security.. These operating programs can
                draw upon the support program areas of Research and Development and of
                Engineering.

                                                    VII-101

                   DOT/USCG                                                   FY 1983 UPDATE

                                        FEDERAL PERSONNEL AND FACILITIES

                        The U-S Coast Guard does not have any staff who are specifically
                   assigned to marine pollution programs nor does it have any facilities,
                   vessels, or equipment that are specifically designated for support of
                   such programs.

                                              PROGRAM DESCRIPTIONS

                        Previous editions of the Agency Program Summaries have included
                   Coast Guard projects whose.activities were beyond the scope of COPRDM.
                   This year only those projects closely related to COPRDM activities are
                   included. This stricter interpretation is reflected in the reduced fund-
                   ing levels being reported as compared to previous years.

                        Coast Guard programs overall are concerned with accidental discharges.
                   They include research in finding better ways to detect spills of polluting
                   materials, trace these spills and prevent spills. The Coast Guard is also
                   researching means to lessen the effects of spills and other transportation
                   related pollution. Two major programs which reflect the COPRDM areas of
                   interest are the Marine Environmental Response Program and the Port and
                   Environmental Safety Program.

                                     Marine Environmental Response Program

                        The Marine Environmental Response (MER) Program research, development
                   and monitoring activities fall into four categories: Hazardous Chemicals;
                   Arctic Pollution Response; Offshore Pollution Response; and Disposal of
                   Spilled Oil and Hazardous Chemicals. The Coast Guard Diving Program,
                   which is managed by the MER Program, is incorporated into projects under
                   the above categories. The program has personnel involved in coordinating
                   each general category and managing the programs research and development
                   efforts overall. The program expends approximately one man year per
                   calendar year on these functions. The above categories are presently
                   divided into two projects, Oil Pollution Response and Hazardous Chemical
                   Discharge Amelioration.

                        The oil project is divided into two sub-projects: Arctic and Offshore
                   Pollution Response, with Arctic being the priority of the two. The
                   offshore portion of this project is limited at this time to strictly
                   monitoring domestic and international industry and government state-of-the-
                   art developments, and maintaining our current response capability.

                        The Hazardous Chemical Discharge.Amelioration Project is divided
                   into six categories. Of these, most have little or no impact on the
                   marine environment as they are directed toward personnel protection and
                   chemical identification. The projects related strictly to the marine
                   environment are primarily included in the Containment, Treatment, and
                   Recovery Project. The elements of this project deal with developing
                   methods of containing, treating and recovering chemicals that mix, sink
                   or float on water.

                                                      VII-102

                DOT/USCG                                                      FY 1983 UPDATE

                Estimated Funding (in thousand $)

                     FY82    FY83      FY84      FY85*

                     $460    $645      $408      $965

                  Presidential budget  submission,

                Program Contact

                CDR Donald H..Van Liew
                U.S. Coast Guard Headquarters (G-DMT-3/54)
                2100 2nd Street, S.W.
                Washington, D.C. 20593
                (202) 426-1013

                                   Port and Environmental Safety Program

                     The Port and Environmental Safety Program is responsible for coor-
                dinating the activities of all government and private port entities to
                provide a high level of port safety, port security and environmental
                protection. This program is administered locally by Captains,of the
                Port and Marine Safety Offices. This mission is accomplished by inspecting
                and surveying waterfront facilities and vessels, monitoring liquid and
                bulk cargo transfer operations at shore facilities and vessels, boarding
                and controlling the access of Communist bloc vessels to our ports,
                developing contingency plans for port emergencies, and surveillance and
                investigation of oil spills and other pollution problems.

                Estimated Funding (in thousand $)

                     FY82     FY83     FY84      FY85*

                   $3,000   $2,300                $0

                  Presidential budget  submission

                Program Contact

                CDR Donald H. Van Liew
                U.S. Coast Guard Headquarters (G-DMT-3/54)
                2100 2nd Street, S.W.
                Washington, D.C. 20593
                (202) 426-1013

                                                     VII-103

         Vill. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
                     AGENCY

                                                                                       FY 1983 UPDATE

                                            ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                                                          CONTENTS

                                                                                                    Page

                   ORGANIZATION CHART     .................................................       VIII-ii

                   FUNDING SUMMARY   .....................................      ...............   VIII-iii

                   FUNDING EMPHASIS GRAPH     .............................................       VIII-iv

                   MISSION AND MANDATES     ..............................................        VIII-101

                   FEDERAL PERSONNEL AND FACILITIES      .........  ..................     ...... VIII-104

                   PROGRAM DESCRIPTIONS

                         Marine Disposal Research      .....................................      VIII-105

                               Ocean Dumping   ............................................       VIII-106

                               Ocean Outfalls    ..............................................   VIII-108

                               Deep Sea Mining    ..........................................      VIII-110

                               Low-Level Radioactive Waste      .............................     VIII-110

                         Energy Related Research     ......................................       VIII-116

                         Water Quality Research    .... 4 ..................................      VIII-118

                               Priority Pollutants   ........ I..............................     VIII-118

                               Toxic Substances    .........................................      VIII-118

                               Pesticides  .........................    ......................    VIII-121

                               Carcinogens   ..............................................       VIII-122

                         Great Lakes Research and Monitoring Programs         .................   VIII-131
                               Large Lakes Research Program      .............................    VIII-131

                               Great Lakes National Program Office       .......................  VIII-132

                         Chesapeake Bay'Program    ..........................    I .............. VIII-135

                         Exploratory Research   ...........   ............................    1. VIII-138

                                                           VIII-i

                                                                            ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                                                                                                      Administrator

                                                                                                 Deputy Administrator

                                                                                                                                                                         10 EPA
                                                                                                                                                                         Regions

                                                                                                                                                                                ake Bay
                                                                                                                                                                       Great Lakes

                                                                     Assistant                           Assistant                           Assistant                           Assistant
                                 Assistant                        Administrator                        Adminstrator                       Administrator                        Administrator
                               Administrator                       for Air, Noise                     for Pesticides &                     for Research                       for Solid Waste
             H                                                                                                                                                                 & Emergency
             !el                 for Water                         & Radiation                      Toxic Substances                      & Development
             H                                                                                                                                                                   Response

                                 Office of Water                                                                                                Office of
                                 Enforcement &                         Office of                      Office of Pesticides                   Environmental                          Office of
                                    Permits                      Radiation Programs                        Programs                           Processes &                         Solid Wastes
                                                                                                                                           Effects Research
                                 Energy Related                  L Marine Disposal                    L Water Quality                       Energy Related Research           L Marine Disposal
                                                                                                                                          "Water Quality Research
                                                                                                                                          - Great Lakes Research
                                                                                                                                          - Marine Disposal Research
                                 Office of Water                                                        Office of Toxic
                                 Regulations &                                                             Substances
                                   Standards
                                                                                                                                     L Office of Exploratory
                                 Marine Disposal                                                      L Water Quality                          Research
                                 Water Quality
                                                                                                                                          L Exploratory Research
                         L       Office of Water
                             Programs Operations
                                                                                                                                                                                    Off ice
                                                                                                                                                                                  S
                                                                                                                                                                                        W,
                                                                                                                                                                                   olid

                                         Disposal                                              Only offices directly involved in marine pollution activities are listed.

                                                           U.S..ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                                                                  FEDERAL AGENCY PROGRAMS
                                           RELATING TO OCEAN POLLUTION RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND MONITORING
                                                    HISTORICAL BUDGET AND ESTIMATED OUT-@-YEAR FUNDING
                                                                  FISCAL YEARS 1982     1985

                                                                                       (in.thousand Dollars)

                                                                     FY 82           FY 83           FY 84           FY 85
                                                                 (Estimated)     (Estimated)- '-(Estimated)      (Presidential)

                Marine Waste Disposal,.Program                       6@2-65a         5,607            6,189            6,808
                'Energy Related Research                               375             165               275             -150
                Water Quality Research                               5  730          43, 062          4 024               212
                                       b                                                               9
                Great Lakes Research                                 6:300           5,900            5,700            4:200
                Chesapeake Bay Program   c
                                                                     2,000             900
                Exploratory Research                                 1V450             953            1,586             1,356

                ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION    AGENCY TOTAL            22,120          17,587            179774          16,726

                a  The amount reported for this program    in FY 1982 differs from that   reported in the   FY 1982 Program  Summaries
                b  Update. See the program description     in tlAs section for details.
                   This program includes funding from the Great Lakes National Program Office       (see the text for description).
                c  Funding for this program ended in FY 83.

                                                 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
                                         OCEAN POLLUTION RESEARCH AND MONITORING
                                                                FUNDING EMPHASIS
                                                                FY 1983 ESTIMATES

                                   Pollutant
                                    Inputs                            Status & Trends
                                    (34%)                                  (66%)

                                                                                                            Pollutant Effects
                                                                                                                  (49%)

                                                                   Monitoring
                                                                         $3.4M     Generic
                                                                         (1 90/0)  Pollution                                             Pollutant
                                                                    Marine         Studies                                             Transport &
                                                                    Waste           $7.5M                                             Transformation
                                            Municipal             Disposal          (43%)                       Other                     (34%)
                                              Waste                  $5.6M                                      (17%)
               Radioactive                    (34%)                  (32%)
               Waste (4%)

                                                         Environmental                                          Oil &
                                                        Characterization                                        Gas
                                                             .(20%)                                           (1100%)

                           Dredged Material
                                 (62%)                                                                                    Marine Mining
                                                                                           Ecosystem                       $0.1 M (< 1 %)
                                                                                     Processes & Modeling
                                                                                              (40%)

                                                       Other
                                                       (40%)
                                                                Basic Studies
                                                                  $1.OM (6%)

                                                                    VIII-iv

                                                                                     FY 1983 UPDATE

                                        U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY'

                                                 MISSION AND MANDATES

                         The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) assumes lead responsi-
                   bility in the Federal Government for identifying, evaluating, and control-
                   ling environmental pollutants. In broad terms, priority elements of the
                   EPA mission are as follows: reduce public exposure to harmful pollutants;
                   protect sensitive ecosystems; and improve management of environmental
                   regulatory programs.

                        The purview of EPA include    's freshwater, estuarine, coastal, and
                   oceanic pollution. Specific EPA mandates are      derived from various laws,
                   including the following:

                           Federal Water Pollution Control Act      (PL  92-500, as amended)

                               Assigns general responsibility to     EPA for the maintenance and
                               recovery of water quality in-U.S'.    surface and groundwater.

                               Identifies the Great Lakes as a specific area of water quality
                               research, technical development, and management (Sections 104(f)
                               and 108).

                               Requires  EPA to pro  m:ote stIudies 'of theInation's estuaries and
                               to report to Congress on the state of the nation's estuaries
                               at least once-every six years (Section 104(n)).

                           -   Assigns to EPA responsibility for providing guidelines for
                               preparation of areawide waste@treatment management plans, and
                               for review of such plans (Section 208).

                           -   Describes'EPA responsibility in establishing effluent limi        *tation
                               standards for non-conventional pollutants (Section 301(g)).

                           -   Provides EPA authority, under certain conditions, to issue
                               permits waiving secondary treatment of.'sewageeffluent from a
                               publicly owned treatment works discharging into marine waters
                               (Section 301(h)).

                           -   Requi'res EPA to establish   and publish   criteria for water
                               quality (Section 3.04).

                           -   Describes EPA involvement    in the prevention and control of
                               spills of'oi-.l and hazardous materials.   (Section  311)1

                           -   Describes EPA authority relative     to' thermal discharges.

                           -   Assigns to EPA authority for the'issuance of permits allowing
                               pollutant discharge into surface waters (Section 402).

                           -   Requires EPA to establish criteria for discharge of pollutants
                               into the territorial sea, the waters'of the contiguous zone,
                               and the oceans (Section 403).
                                                       VIII-101

                   EPA                                                       FY 1983 UPDATE

                           -  Requires EPA to establish guidelines for dredge and fill
                              activities and to identify disposal sites for dredged material
                              (Section 404).

                           -  Describes EPA responsibility for regulating the disposal of
                              sewage sludge (Section 405).

                           Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (PL 92-516,
                           as amended).

                           -  Assigns to EPA responsibility for pesticide registration and
                              classification based on associated health hazards and
                              environmental effects (Section 3).

                           -  Requires EPA to conduct or administer research and monitoring
                              programs to assist in the evaluation of health and environmental
                              effects (Section 20).

                        � Deep Seabed Hard Mineral Resources Act (PL 96-283).

                           - Describes EPA role in environmental protection during deep
                              ocean mining to include environmental assessment and biological,
                              geological, and physical studies (Section 109).

                        � Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) Act (PL 96-320).

                           - Gives EPA authority to regulate discharges from OTEC facilities
                              under the Nationdl Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES).

                        0 Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act (PL 92-532).

                           -  Identifies EPA as responsible for issuing permits for the
                              ocean dumping of any material (except dredged material) (Section
                              102).

                           -  Assigns to EPA the task of establishing criteria for the review
                              of ocean dumping permit applications (including dredged material)
                              (Section 102 and 103).

                           Toxic Substances Control Act (PL 94-469).

                           -  Assigns to EPA responsibility for regulation of hazardous
                              chemical substances and mixtures (Section 6).

                           -  Identifies EPA as the agency responsible for obtaining adequate
                              data on health and environmental implications of potentially
                              toxic substances (Section 10)'.

                                                    VIII-102

                 EPA                                                          FY 1983 UPDATE

                 EPA Organization

                       EPA is headed by an Administrator. Reporting to the Administrator
                 are Assistant Administrators responsible for   each of the following offices:

                       a  Administration                     0  Air, Noise and Radiation
                       a  External Affairs                   0  Pesticides and Toxic Substances
                          Water                              0  Research And Development
                          Policy & Research Management       0  Enforcement
                       0  Solid Waste and Emergency
                            Response

                       In addition, there are ten regional offices that impelment EPA policy
                 on a  regional and local level,.including the review of permit requests.
                 The Office of  Research and Development (ORD) plans, conducts and manages
                 research in support of the other EPA offices. Within ORD there are a
                 number of laboratories that conduct research and manage extramural research.
                 Those laboratories most involved in ocean pollution research are located
                 in Gulf Breeze, Florida; Narragansett, Rhode Island; and Newport, Oregon.
                 The Duluth, Minnesota research laboratory and the Chicago, Illinois,
                 Region V Office are responsible for pollution research on the Great Lakes.
                 The Region III office, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, is    responsible for the
                 Chesapeake Bay Program.

                       The information needed to implement EPA regulatory programs is the
                 focus of most EPA research and development activities. To improve communi-
                 cation and coordination between ORD and.program offices, several EPA
                 research committees have been established, consisting of representa-
                 tives from ORD and the appropriate EPA program offices.

                 Overview of Programs

                       EPA ocean pollution research activities range from mission-oriented.
                 endeavors concerned with specific problems faced by the Agency to basic
                 research concerned with achieving 4 general understanding of marine
                 ecosystem structure and function. The following organization has been
                 adopted for this program summary:

                       �  Marine disposal.,research

                          - Ocean dumping
                          - Ocean 0 utfalls
                          - Deep Sea Mining
                          - 'Low-level radioactive  waste disposal

                       �  Energy related research

                             Offshore oil and gas.drilling

                                                    VIII-103

                    EPA                                                       FY 1983 UPDATE

                         �  Water quality research

                            - Priority pollutants
                            - Toxic substances
                            - Pesticides
                            - Carcinogens

                         �  Great Lakes research

                         �  Chesapeake Bay program

                         �  Exploratory research

                         In addition, general technical assistance is provided to EPA program
                    and regional offices when requested. These activities can include serving
                    as expert witnesses in court cases, assisting in development of regulations,
                    review of permit applications, and serving as co-project officers on
                    studies funded by program offices or regions. Time spent on these activities
                    are not typically considered research, they are not discussed in this
                    program summary nor are the funding allocations.given.

                                         FEDERAL PERSONNEL AND FACILITIES

                        The EPA's marine pollution-related research is conducted at four
                    EPA laboratories (Gulf Breeze, Narragansett, Newport, and Grosse Ile),
                    and aboard the research vessels ANTELOPE and RODGER SIMONS.

                    Narragansett

                        The Narragansett Laboratory employs 58.7 FTEs: 39.5 FTE, Scientific
                    Professionals; 9.8 FTE, Technicians; and 9.4 FTE, Secretarial/Administrative
                    Support. Equipment of the Narragansett Laboratory includes 5 chromatographs
                    (gas, gas dual flame, and liquid), 1 gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer,
                    2 spectophotometers, 2 liquid scintillation counters, 1 electron microscope,
                    I ultracentrifuge, 1 elemental analyzer, I absorbance detector, and
                    computer systems.

                    Gulf Breeze

                        The marine pollution research at the Gulf Breeze Laboratory includes
                    programs in biochemistry, bioassay, radiochemistry, histology, and marine
                    toxicology. The laboratory employs approximately 46 FTEs: 24.5 FTE,
                    Scientific Professionals; 11.0 FTE,@Technicians; and 10.5 FTE, Secretarial/
                    Administrative Support. The Gulf Breeze Laboratory has 50,338 ft2 of
                    facility space. Two of the laboratory facilities house equipment used
                    exclusively for marine research including 2 gas chromatographs, 1 ultra-
                    centrifuge, 2 liquid scintillation counters, 1 spectrophotometer, 1
                    electron microscope, 1 mass spectrometer, and computer systems.

                                                     VIII-104

                  EPA                                                       FY 1983 UPDATE

                  Newport

                      The marine pollution research.at the Newport Laboratory includes
                  programs directed at physical-chemical interactions, benthic ecologyj
                  and bioaccumulation. This laboratory employs approximately 24 FTEs
                  of which 16 are scientific professionals and 8 are technical and
                  administrative support personnel. The laboratory occupies approximately
                  103, 000 ft.2, and its equipment includes two gas chromatographs, one gas
                  chromatograph/mass spectrometer, one liquid scintillation counter, and
                  a hydraulic model for plume research. This laboratory also has three
                  20-foot research vessels.

                  Grosse Ile

                      EPA's Grosse Ile Laboratory conducts studies on pollution problems
                  in the Great Lakes. This laboratory employs 3.8 FTEs, two of whom are
                  scientific professionals. It occupies approximately 30,000 ft.2, and
                  its equipment includes four gas chromatographs, two atomic adsorption
                  spectrophotometers, several auto-analyzers, and a computer system.

                  ANTELOPE

                       The ANTELOPE is an 165 ft. ocean survey vessel equipped and manned
                  to conduct offshore scientific data collection. Operation and maintenance
                  of the vessel are carried out under contract, which includes providing
                  the Master,,ships crew, and shore support. The ANTELOPE is capable of
                  accommodating a scientific team of 15 plus a crew of 15. Laboratory space
                  occupies 350 ft.2 and includes wet, -microbiology, and chemistry laboratories
                  and a computerized survey control room. Scientific equipment on board
                  includes I rosette water sampler, 2 spectrophotometers, 1 CDT and a
                  computer system.

                  RODGER SIMOMS

                       The RODGER SIMONS is a 122 ft. WAGL-TYPE vessel operating in the
                  Great Lakes Region. Equipment on board includes 3 technican auto
                  analyzers II for nutrient analysis, 1 rosette water sampler and water
                  pump, and 2 spectrophotometers. Personnel on board include 12 ship
                  crew members who are contracted on standby and 4-5 scientists who are
                  also contracted on standby.

                                             PROGRAM DESCRIPTIONS

                                           Marine Disposal Research

                       The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is charged with
                  regulating waste disposal activities in the marine environment. Among
                  these activities is the dumping of sewage sludge and industrial wastes.
                  Other activities include the dfacharge of municipal and industrial waste-
                  waters through ocean outfalls. The scope of this usage and the short-
                  range and ultimate long-range impacts on the marine environment and our
                  societylare the questions we need to prepare to answer. EPA must have a

                                                   VIII-105

                     EPA                                                       FY 1983 UPDATE

                     scientific base for the criteria and standards that are the basis for
                     regulating these activities. EPA's marine disposal research program is
                     designed to address these issues and can be divided into the following
                     activities: ocean dumping, ocean outfalls, deep sea mining and low-level
                     radioactive waste.

                     Ocean Dumping

                          Both liquid and solid domestic and industrial wastes are often
                     proposed for ocean dumping. These include dredged material, sewage
                     sludge, industrial wastes and materials from manufacturing operations.
                     Ocean dumping research efforts are focused on the following areas:

                          � Protocols for dumpsite selection

                          � Assessment methods for ocean dumping

                          � Procedures for dumpsite monitoring

                          � Dumpsite surveys

                          The objective of this research is to develop or perfect techniques,
                     methods, guidelines and assessment approaches that will provide the
                     information necessary for implementing an ocean dumping permit program
                     as authorized in the Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act.

                          EPA ocean dumping research is conducted in coordination with other
                     Federal agencies such as the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
                     and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric
                     Administration is responsible for conducting research relevant to ocean
                     use management decisions, including fishery resources and the long-range
                     effects of pollutants.

                          EPA research involving dredged material disposal is coordinated with
                     the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers through the Environmental Protection
                     Agency/Corps of Engineers Technical Committee on Criteria for Dredged and
                     Fill Material. The Committee acts as a focal point for coordinating
                     research and disseminating results related to regulatory functions pursuant
                     to the requirements of Section 404 of the Clean Water Act and Section 103
                     of the Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act.

                          Existing ocean dumping sites are those, for the most part, which
                     have been used historically for the disposal of wastes. Although these
                     dumpsites have been characterized, they have not often been selected to
                     minimize the impact of dumping. If the ocean is.to be a viable disposal
                     option, dumpsites must be carefully selected to minimize the impacts from
                     dumping. In the future, it might be possible to match dumpsites with
                     wastes to be dumped (e.g., dump an acid waste at a site with high dispersion
                     or dump a heavily contaminated dredged material at a site with little or
                     no dispersion or heavy sedimentation to cover the dumped material).
                     Procedures to select and characterize ocean dumping sites are being
                     developed. By using these protocols to select ocean dumping sites the
                     appropriate dumpsites can be identified for a selected waste to minimize
                     the impact of ocean dumping.

                                                      VIII-106

                 EPA                                                        FY 1983 UPDATE

                      Research related to assessing the impacts of ocean dumping can be
                .categorized as follows: procedures for evaluating a waste proposed for
                 ocean dumping, development of a hazard assessment protocol to evaluate
                 ocean dumping impacts, develop techniques to evaluate impacts of dredged
                 material disposal, and evaluation of alternative sludge treatment techno-
                 logies for ocean dumping.

                      The ocean dumping permit program needs screening tests, e.g.,
                 bioassays, that can be used to evaluate wastes proposed for ocean dumping.
                 Although some screening procedures exist, there is a need to revise
                 (simplify, make more accurate and cost-effective) these-procedures and
                 relate the results of the tests to impacts observed at dumpsites. The
                 goal of this reserach is to develop/revise short-term physical, chemical
                 and biological screening @rocedures for characterizing the toxicity, per-
                 sistence and bioaccumulative potential of pollutants in wastes to be
                 ocean dumped. These procedures must be verified to assure that the
                 results obtained from these tests relate to impacts in the field.

                      Hazard assessment protocols are needed to provide the manager with
                 predictive methodology, including decision-criteria and integration and
                 Interpretive guidance which is coupled to exposure data to allow a Judge-
                 ment on risk. This information is needed to determine the relative
                 safety of ocean dumping and to provide a basis for comparison for various
                 disposal strategies for establishing future ocean dumping policies. The
                 goal of the hazard assessment research is to develop protocols to permit
                 better evaluation of impacts due to ocean dumping of waste. These proto-
                 cols will consist of procedures for estimating the severity of ecological
                 changes (effects assessment) and procedures for determining the transport
                 and fate of ocean dumped wastes (exposure assessment).

                      Procedures to evaluate dredged material prior to ocean dumping need
                 to be developed, revised and/or field validated to provide an adequate
                 set of tests for the ocean dumping and Section 404 permit programs. As
                 the transport and fate characteristics of pollutants common to contaminated
                 sediments play a major factor in determining availability and these
                 factors are not well understood, this information needs to be developed
                 to permit better assessments of impacts from ocean dumping of contaminated
                 sediments. The goal of this research is to develop, revise and field
                 validate procedures toevaluate toxicity (acute and chronic) and bio-
                 accumulation potential of contaminants in sediments for use in the Section
                 404 and ocean dumping permit programs. In addition, the transport and
                 fate characteristics of pollutants common to contaminated sediments will
                 be studied.

                      Alternative sludge treatment technologies may have an impact on the
                 quality of the municipal sludge to be ocean dumped. Research is being
                 conducted to-evaluate alternate technology options and their potential
                 impact following ocean dumping.

                      Provisions of the Marine Protection, Re-search and Sanctuaries Act
                 require monitoring of the environment at a dumpsite to determine the long-
                 term effects of the dumping allowed there. This monitoring also acts as
                 feed-back to see if the predictions made about the impacts of an ocean

                                                  VIII-107

                     EPA                                                        FY 1983 UPDATE

                     dumping action are accurate. Exposure and effects monitoring methods for
                     coastal and deepwater application are being developed and tested in
                     support of 6cean dumping activities. Special attention is being given to
                     those procedures to be used on permit and surveillance requirements and
                     for hazard assessment application.

                          Under the Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act, EPA is
                     mandated to designate sites for the ocean disposal of dredged material,
                     sewage sludge, chemical wastes, and low-level radioactive wastes. As a
                     result of this mandate, EPA's Marine Protection Branch, Office of Water
                     Regulations and Standards, is conducting a site-specific assessment of
                     approximately 40 potential ocean disposal sites. About 35 of the sites
                     under investigation would be used for dredged material disposal, the rest
                     are under consideration for disposal of sewage sludge or industrial waste.
                     For each of the 40 sites, the evaluation consists of a complete biological,
                     water, and sediment survey followed by an assessment of the environmental
                     effects that would result from use of the site.

                          EPA controls ocean incineration of liquid hazardous wastes under the
                     Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act. To date, EPA has not had
                     specific permitting regulations for the ocean incineration program. However,
                     the Agencj has committed to the Congress to publish permitting regulations.
                     Hence, EPA must make numerous policy and procedural decisions for this program
                     in the near future. To assist in this effort an assessment of incineration
                     of hazardous liquid waste is being carried out.

                          Major milestones in the ocean dumping research program can be found
                     on Table 1.

                     Contact:

                     Sam Williams (RD-682)                        Commerical (202) 382-5979
                     Office of Research and Development
                     U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                     401 M Street, SW.
                     Washington, DC 20460

                     Ocean Outfalls

                          The authority of EPA to place limits on effluents discharged to
                     surface waters is contained in Section 301 of the Federal Water Pollution
                     Control Act as amended (Clean Water Act). Under the provisions of Section
                     301(b)(1)(B), the minimum allowable treatment of effluents to be discharged
                     from publicly-owned treatment works is secondary treatment. However,
                     under Section 301(h), modification of this requirement is allowed for
                     discharges into marine or estuarine waters if it can be demonstrated,
                     among other provisions, that such modified discharges would not "inter-
                     fere with the attainment or maintenance of that water quality which
                     assures protection ... and propagation of a balanced, indigenous population
                     of shellfish, fish and wildlife, and allows recreational activities in
                     and on the water."

                                                       VIII-108

                 EPA                                                           FY 1983 UPDATE

                       EPA must have a scientific basis for determining whether a modification
                 of the requirement for secondary treatment should be allowed and what
                 effluent limitations are appropriate for each site-specific discharge in
                 place of the secondary treatment standards. EPA must establish permit
                 conditions when waiving the requirement for secondary treatment for ocean
                 outfalls. Research emphasis is on providing adequate information and
                 procedures necessary to determine the effects of ocean discharges and to
                 predict the effects of proposed waivers on the requirements for secondary
                 treatment. Research activities are focused on:

                       �  Procedures for conducting sediment.toxicity surveys near ocean
                          outfalls.

                       �  Bioenergetic models of pollutant uptake from water, food, and
                          sediment near ocean outfalls.

                       �  Relationship of effluent discharge concentrations to observed
                          levels of priority pollutants in edible fish.

                       �  Effects of pollutant interactions on sediment toxicity.

                       �  Persistence and fate of pollutants in marine food webs.

                       Monitoring the effect of a discharge is required if a waiver of
                 the requirement for secondary treatment is granted by EPA. Research is
                 underway to determine the type of monitoring that must be carried out by
                 discharge permit recipients. The approach is to use current monitoring-
                 data to determine if predictions of effects are correct. Research areas
                 include:

                       �  Benthic-pelagic transfer of energy and pollutants near ocean
                          outfalls.

                       �  Response of benthic communities to effluent water quality improvements.

                       �  Field verification of predictions of ecological recovery near
                          outfalls based on monitoring data.

                       Correlation of type of treatment vs. environmental quality are being
                 developed for use in determining what level of treatment is appropriate
                 for specific marine environments.

                       Major milestones for the ocean outfall research program can be found
                 on Table 1.

                 Contact:

                 Donald Baumgartner                              Commercial (503) 867-4041
                 Marine Division
                 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                 Newport, Oregon    97365

                                                    VIII-109

                     EPA                                                       FY 1983 UPDATE

                     Deep Sea Mining

                          Disposal of waste sediments and materials resulting from deep sea
                     mining must be regulated by EPA under the authority of the Deep Seabed
                     Hard Mineral Resources Act. Since this industry is in its infancy and is
                     unlikely to undertake any significant activity in the next several years,
                     EPA has no current research underway on this issue.

                     Contact:

                     William Beller (WH-585)                      Commercial (202) 245-3154
                     Office of Water Regulations and Standards
                     U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                     401 M Street, SW.
                     Washington, DC   20460

                     Low-Level Radioactive Waste

                          Disposal of low-level radioactive wastes in the ocean must be
                     regulated by EPA through a permit program. There must be a scientific
                     basis for establishing and administering such a program. Technical
                     support for this program is being undertaken by the EPA Office of Radia-
                     tion Programs. Areas of research emphasis are similar to those for
                     other types of wastes: fate and effects of low-level radioactive wastes
                     in marine ecosystems, dumpsite designation, and dumpsite monitoring. In
                     addition, research in packaging of the waste prior to disposal is being
                     conducted. This is a problem specific to low-level radioactive waste
                     disposal. Major activities include:

                          � Radioactivity transport processes from the deep ocean to man.

                               -  Determining physical, geological, chemical, and biological
                                  processes involved in the movement of radioactive material away
                                  from a dumpsite.

                               -  Develop transport models, including food web components.

                               -  Identify critical information needs.

                          � Development and testing of a device for measuring the critical
                             threshold erosion velocity of deep sea sediments.

                          � Survey of bioaccumulation factors for radionuclides in marine
                             organisms.

                               - Areas affected by fallout.
                               - Areas adjacent to existing radioactive waste disposal sites.
                               - Artificial and naturally occurring radionuclides.

                          � Identify key deep sea (>400m) invertebrates and develop benthic
                             biological monitoring requirements.

                                                      VIII-110

                EPA                                                          FY 1983 UPDATE

                      �  Utility of sister chromatid exchange induction as a method to determine
                         the biological response of a marine polychaete worm to low-level
                         ionizing radiation at dumpsites.

                      �  Methods, assumptions and information needs required to provide
                         radiation dose-risk estimates that may result from ocean disposal of
                         low-level waste.

                      �  Evaluate the concept of a test or control site to establish baseline
                         conditions at depths of 400m or greater.

                      �  Testing of dumpsite selection criteria.

                              Identify dumpsite selection criteria and apply them to identify
                              candidate disposal areas.

                              Determine oceanographic information needed to characterize
                              the baseline at those sites.

                      �  Develop performance criteria for deep sea disposal of packaged
                         low-level radioactive wastes and evaluate contaminant and waste
                         solidification materials and techniques.

                      �  Review of technology required for retrieval of waste packages
                         from deep sea radioactive waste dumpsites.

                      �  Measurement of deep sea currents, Eh, and pH at the Atlantic 3800m
                         low-level radioactive dumpsite.

                      �  Determine the rates and processes for  transport of radium, as a
                         representative of naturally-occurring  radionuclides, in a marine
                         ecosystem.

                      � International program support.

                           - Analytical support to the Nuclear Energy Agency.
                           - Review disposal operations at the northeast Atlantic dumpsite.
                           - Generic evaluation of transport and fate of radioactivity in
                              the marine environment.

                      Major mileston es for the low-level radioactive waste program can be
                found in Table 1.

                Contact:

                Robert Dyer                              Commercial (202) 557-7380
                Office of Radiation Programs (ANR-61)
                U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                401 M Street, SW.
                Washington, DC 20460

                                                  VIII-111

                     EPA                                                      FY 1983 UPDATE

                    Estimated Funding for Marine Disposal Research (in thousand $)

                        FY82*    FY83     FY84     FY85**

                       $6,265   $5,607   $6,189   $6,808

                       The FY 1982 funding estimate for this project reported in the FY 1982
                       Program Summaries Update was incorrect. The figure presented here is
                       the correct funding estimate for this project for FY 1982.

                       Presidential budget submission

                                                      VIII-112

                 EPA                                                        FY 1983 UPDATE

                             ANTICIPATED MILESTONES IN MARINE DISPOSAL RESEARCH

                                                                            Fiscal Year
                 Milestone                                               83   84   85    86

                 OCEAN DUMPING

                 Procedures for Dumpsite Designation

                 106-mile site characterization report                   X

                 Preliminary site characterization technical             X
                   guidance document.

                 Ocean dumping site surveys                              X    X    X    X

                 Protocols for Evaluating a Waste Proposed
                 for Ocean Dumping

                 Report on waste evaluation of sewage sludge                  X

                 Report on waste evaluation of dredged material               X

                 Report on waste evaluation of industrial wastes                   X

                 User manual for evaluation of a waste proposed                           X
                   for ocean dumping

                 Hazard Assessment Protocol to Evaluate Ocean
                 Dumpin& Impacts

                 Report effects of selected contaminated sediments       X
                   on field and laboratory colonized benthic
                   communities.

                 Report on exposure assessment component of dredged           X
                   material disposal case study (Black Rock Harbor).

                 Report on evaluation of effects assessment methods           X
                   for dredged material.

                 Preliminary hazard assessment for waste disposal                  X
                   at the 106-mile site.

                 Report on correlation of laboratory and field                     X
                   data on bioaccumulation of pollutants from
                   contaminated wastes.

                 Final report on hazard assessment methods for evaluating ocean           X
                   dumping impacts.

                                                  VIII-113

                 EPA                                                       FY 1983 UPDATE

                                                                                   Fiscal Year
                 Milestone                                                         84    85 86

                 Dumpsite Biomonitoring Procedures for Long-Term Effects

                 Report on field assessment of monitoring techniques for            X
                   dredged material.

                 Report on monitoring of coastal marine dumpsites.                        X

                 Report on correlation of laboratory results to site
                   monitoring results.                                                        X

                 Report on monitoring strategy for deepwater dumpsites                    X
                   for dredged material. ,

                 Techniques to Evaluate Impacts of Dredged Material Disposal

                 Report on comparative evaluation of bioaccumulation                      X
                   procedures including species, techniques and short-cut
                   predictors.

                 Report on multi-species flow-through approach for predicting             X
                   ecological impacts of dredged material disposal.

                 Evaluation of Ocean Incineration

                 Report on assessment of incineration of liquid                           X
                 hazardous wastes.

                 OCEAN OUTFALLS

                 Assess Impacts of Ocean Outfall Discharges

                 Report on relationships of publicly owned treatment plant          X
                   effluent concentrations to levels of priority pollutants
                   in edible fish.

                 Report on the effects of pollutant interactions on sediment        X
                   toxicity.

                 Report on ocean outfall effluents: Discharge conditions                      X
                   to protect marine ecosystems.

                 Final report on impact assessment of ocean outfall                           X
                   discharges.

                 Field Verification of Outfall Impacts

                 Report on response of benthic communities to effluent                    X
                   water quality improvement.

                 Report on field verification of-Section 301(h) predictions of            X
                   ecological effects near outfalls.

                                                      VIII-114

               EPA                                                            FY 1983 UPDATE

                                                                                    Fiscal Year
               Milestone                                                         83    84    85    86

               Report on  field verification.of outfallimpacts to marine
                   biota.                                                                           X

               LOW-LEVEL  RADIOACTIVE WASTE DISPOSAL

               Reports on scientific results of the surveys at the                      X     X
                 U.S. radioactive waste dumpsites in the Pacific at the
                 Farallon Islands

               Report on development and   evaluation of a device for                         X
                 measuring the critical threshold erosion velocity of
                 deep sea sediments.

               Reports on scientific results of the surveys at the                X     X
                 U.S. low-level radioactive waste dumpsite at 2800     meters
                 in the Atlantic.

               Reports on scientific results of the survey at the                       X     X     X
                 U.S. low-level radioactive waste dumpsite at 3800 meters
                 in the Atlantic.

               Report on utility of sister chromatid exchange induction                 X     X
                 method to determine the biological response of a
                 marine polychaete-worm to low-level ionizing radiation
                 at dumpsites

               Report on information needs.for providing radiation dose-                X     X
                 risk estimates resulting from ocean disposal of low-level
                 wastes.

               Report on development of a test site concept for monitoring                    X
                 of deep sea low-level radioactive waste dumpsites.

               Updated report on packaging performance criteria for                           X
                 deep sea disposal of packaged low-level radioactive
                 wastes.

               Reports on materials and methods for packaging low-level                       X     X
                 radioactive waste 'for deep sea disposal, and identification
                 of information needs.

               Report on technology used to retrieve low   -level radioactive                 X
                 waste packages from deep sea waste dumpsites.

               Report on the survey at the Massachusetts Bay low-level                  X
                 radioactive waste disposal site.

               Combined report on dumpsite selection criteria with                      X
                 application to the deep sea off the East and West
                 coasts of the U.S.

                                                      VIII-115

                     EPA                                                           FY 1983 UPDATE

                     Energy Related Research

                          Under the provisions of the Clean Water Act and the Outer Continental
                     Shelf Lands Act, EPA must issue permits for the discharge of waste materials
                     for offshore oil and gas drilling and production platforms. Principal
                     among these discharges are fluids used during well drilling, commonly called
                     drilling muds. Regional and headquarters enforcement personnel require a
                     technically correct data base on this subject in order to make the necessary
                     permitting decisions. The goal of this research is to provide technical
                     information on the potential impact of drilling muds on the environment.
                                                           I
                          Major milestones in the energy related research program can be found
                     on Table 2 . Funding for offshore oil and gas drilling research activities
                     is as follows:

                     Estimated Funding (in  thousand $)

                         FY82     FY83      FY84       FY85*

                         $375     $165      $275      $150

                       Presidential budget  submission

                     Contact:

                     Dr. Thomas Duke                               Commercial (904) 932-5311
                     U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                     Environmental Research Laboratory
                     Sabine Island
                     Gulf Breeze, FL    32561

                                                            VIII-116

               EPA                                                           FY 1983 UPDATE

                             ANTICIPATED MILESTONES IN  ENERGY RELATED RESEARCH

                                                                             Fiscal Year
               Milestone,                                                    82     83      84    85

               OFFSHORE OIL AND GAS DRILLING

               In-situ Plume Studies

                    Report on plume dispersion                               x
                    Report on effects on corals and benthic organisms        x

               Laboratory Studies of Drilling Muds

                    Report on chemical analyses of trace metals and          x
                              aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons

                    Report on biological testing of effects on coral,        x
                              mysid and grass shrimp, and hard clams

                    Report on adaptive  environmental assessment model                       x

                    Report on used fluid effects on-seagrasses and
                              'seagrass communities                          x

                   Final report on hazard assessment                                         x
                              of drilling muds

                                                  VIII-117

                    EPA                                                        FY 1983 UPDATE

                                              WATER QUALITY RESEARCH

                         Water quality research includes research activities that relate to
                    establishing limits on specific substances which are to be discharged
                    into the marine environment. A general mandate for EPA participation in
                    water quality research is contained in the Clean Water Act. Mandates are
                    also contained in the Toxic Substances Control Act, and the Federal
                    Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act. Research is carried out on:
                    priority pollutants, toxic substances, pesticides and carcinogens.

                    Priority Pollutants

                         National water quality criteria are based on laboratory tests.
                    Toxicological information obtained from laboratory tested species may not
                    be applicable to species in specific water bodies due to differences in
                    species composition, chemical and physical water quality variables, and
                    other physical factors such as flow and substrates. Research is needed to
                    develop and translate the national water quality criteria to site-specific
                    conditions. The EPA and states need this information to develop water
                    quality standards in implementing the Clean Water Act. This research
                    will develop and improve national water quality criteria and field test a
                    range of methods which can be used to establish site-specific water
                    quality criteria. The feasibility of integrating single pollutant criteria
                    and complex effluent approaches for site-specific water quality regulatory
                    application will be determined.

                         Major milestones for the priority pollutant research can be found in
                    Table 3.

                    Contact:

                    Dr. William Brungs                          Commercial (401) 789-1071
                    Environmental Research Laboratory
                    Environmental Protection Agency
                    South Ferry Road
                    Narragansett, RI 02882

                    Toxic Substances

                         The Toxic Substances Control Act and the Clean Water Act mandate EPA
                    to evaluate hazards and risks associated with toxic and hazardous materials
                    that may be released into the environment. The goal of toxic substances
                    research in the marine environment is to gain information on the fate and
                    effects of toxic substances and hazardous substances as defined in the
                    Clean Water Act and the Toxic Substances Control Act. Most research
                    efforts are focused on developing and validating screening methods and
                    mathematical models for use in predicting the transport, transformation,
                    fate, and effects of chemicals in the environment. These techniques will
                    provide information for use in carrying out hazard assessments, which
                    consist of exposure assessments and effects assessments.

                                                     VIII-118

                  EPA                                                        FY 1983 UPDATE

                       Research on structure-activity relationships (SAR) is also being
                  conducted. SAR is vital for review and screening of premanufacture
                  notification (PMN) chemicals, for use in determining PMN exemption, and
                  for use in selecting appropriate laboratory tests for existing chemicals.
                  The goals of.this research include: generation of environmental fate and
                  effects data on typical PMN chemicals; documentation of test results on
                  PMN analogs; and development of SAR methodologies and other estimation
                  techniques. This effort includes data base compilation, testing of
                  chemicals, and SAR model refinement.

                       Effects research includes studies on aquatic toxicology, comparative
                  toxicology, system-level effects, and validation of hazard assessment
                  techniques using microcosms and field sites. New, improved and validatdd
                  tests are needed for defining the hazard of toxic chemicals to aquatic
                  ecosystems, especially to fill knowledge gaps where single-species methods
                  are necessary in the development and promulgation of TSCA testing guidelines
                  for marine and estuarine environments. Many existing methods need to be
                  tested in laboratory and field situations in order to define environmental
                  parameters for hazard assessment and increase the cost-effectiveness of
                  tests. Specifically, toxicity tests for.marine benthic organisms, macro-
                  algae toxicity, and toxicity tests for snail and crayfish will be developed
                  and validated.

                       Compar ative surrogate bioassay methods are needed in the development
                  of specific testing guidelines under Section 4 of TSCA to provide more
                  cost-effective methodology for compliance. Comparative toxicology research
                  will determine the specific species and testing problems to assess the
                  effects of chemicals on estuarine and marine species in order to determine
                  when the data from one surrogate species can be extrapolated to another.
                  The comparative toxicology bioassay methods program will evaluate existing
                  toxicity data and will generate-data where gaps exist. The evaluation
                  will focus on developing comparative toxicology correlations. Promising
                  correlations will be further developed and validated. Data will be
                  evaluated by comparing results from laboratory (domesticated) species
                  with those from wild species, by testing fish as surrogate species for
                  mammals, and by comparing single-species assessment protocols with micro-
                  cosms and field studies.

                       Past research efforts, focusing on the development of single-species
                  bioassays, gave little attention to the effects of toxic chemicals on
                  basic, interrelated ecosystem processes supporting these species.
                  Estimates based upon single-species data may not accurately define the
                  hazard to community support systems. Systenr-level effects research will
                  define the resiliency and recovery of ecosystems perturbed by toxic
                  chemicals and identify appropriate environmental end points. In order
                  to define chemical hazards under TSCA, system-level and community-level
                  methods are required. Bioassay methods are being developed, improved,
                  and validated for defining toxicity of chemicals to multiple species and
                  at the community level. The impact of toxic chemicals on aquatic eco-
                  systems will be documented by establishing criteria for judging the
                  usefulness and validity of systenr-level test results, improving systear-
                  level process tests, evaluating acute tests to define risk associated
                  with sediment-bound toxic chemicals, and field evaluating the effects in
                  marine systems.

                                                    VIII-119

                     EPA                                                        FY 1983 UPDATE

                          Hazard information is critical in estimating risk to  ecosystems, and
                     laboratory-based tests must be validated in microcosms and field situations
                     to determine applicability of the laboratory bioassay methods for use by
                     the Office of Toxic Substances (OTS) in developing testing guidelines
                     under Section 4 of TSCA. Microcosms and field ecosystems are being
                     developed, tested, and validated. They will be used to evalaute existing
                     laboratory-developed methods and to assure that laboratory bioassay data
                     are applicable to regulatory use. This field program will evaluate and
                     test microcosms at estuarine field sites and will validate multi-species,
                     laboratory, bioassay test methods to predict effects of chemicals.
                     Microcosms will be used to test these methods,under field situations.

                          Exposure research will focus on the development and evaluation of
                     exposure assessment methods. Environmental concentration data are critical
                     for estimating exposure of humans and biota to toxic chemicals and for
                     estimating environmental risk as a result of exposure. Data generated by
                     these predictive methodologies will be used by OTS for per-forming risk
                     assessments on toxic chemicals. This research will develop methodologies
                     for conducting exposure assessments of chemicals in estuarine/marine waters.
                     The models will be based upon source, exposure pathways, exposed populations,
                     and concentration levels. Work will focus upon inclusion of identified
                     transport and transformation processes, pathways of exposure, population
                     characteristics, and environmental features. Stress also will be placed
                     on development of models using dynamic chemical input, and development of
                     methods, necessary data bases, and scientific support documents for
                     defining the limits of applicability of models.

                          Methods for measuring or predicting environmental transport and fate
                     of chemicals, and models for estimating chemical concentrations or assessing
                     exposure to toxic chemicals must be evaluated under simulated or actual
                     use conditions to prove their applicability and to increase the scientific
                     basis of regulatory decision making. This research will evalaute the
                     fate test methods, estimated data, and exposure assessment models under
                     representative environmental conditions in order to improve the precision
                     and predictability of laboratory-derived methodologies. Microcosms will
                     be used to simulate the natural environment under cost-effective, laboratory
                     conditions for evaluating exposure assessment models and for testing
                     transport and fate methods. Greater emphasis will be given to employing
                     actual field sites for confirming laboratory-derived data, test methods,
                     and models under field conditions, and for verifying the applicability
                     of laboratory methodologies to the natural environment.

                          Major milestones for the toxic substances research can be found in
                     Table 3.

                     Contact:                                Commercial (202) 382-5967

                     Riz Haque
                     Office of Research and Development (RD-682)
                     U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                     401 M Street, SW.
                     Washington, DC.    20460

                                                       VIII-120

                  EPA                                                       FY 1983 UPDATE

                  Pesticides

                      Mandates for EPA involvment in pesticide activities are contained in
                  the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act, which requires
                  EPA approval of pesticide products prior to commercial marketing. The
                  goal of EPA marine-related pesticide research is to provide information
                  on the fate and effects of pesticides that may enter the estuarine or
                  marine environment. Current activities in marine-related pesticides
                  research are on: field validation for hazard assessment techniques and
                  the development of effects measurement methods and predictive techniques
                  for environmental exposure.

                      Most of the data/information that the Office of Pesticide Programs
                  (OPP) uses in the regulatory process is derive'd in laboratory settings.
                  OPP needs to know and to be able to evaluate the potential hazards of
                  pesticides when they are applied in the field and to know if their present
                  hazard assessment criteria need to be revised. This research will
                  provide answers for these needs. Field-site studies will be conducted
                  to determine if laboratory-derived methodologies and results accurately
                  reflect environmental responses under natural pesticide use conditions.
                  Investigations will focus on representative estuarine field sites and
                  will consider pesticide dose exposure, effects, and functional alterations
                  at the species/population levels. Non-target organisms (e.g., fishes,
                  invertebrates, crustaceans) effects will be quantified in terms of mortal-
                  ity, reproduction rates, and resiliency. This includes residue analysis
                  and population censusing (pre- and post-treatment) information. Through
                  extensive field sampling, data collection and analysis and simulated.
                  exposures the field findings will be compared to laboratory findings.
                  Final evaluations will indicate to OPP if lab results are comparable to
                  field results and if hazard assessment criteria are adequate to prevent
                  adverse environmental pesticide impacts.

                      OPP must prescribe a nd/or revise testing guidelines to be used by
                  industry to generate approprite registration/pre-registration data for
                  biological control-agents (BCA's) and chemical pesticides. Secondly, the
                  office must be able to evaluate which agents and toxicity/infectivity
                  levels may adversely effect non-target organisms. This research supplies
                  testing protocols, toxicity data where information gaps exist and reconr-
                  mendations on which organisms are the best indicators of pesticide distur-
                  bances. Bioassay methodologies for determining the effects on/in non-
                  target receptors will be developed or improved including procedures to
                  culture and/or identify the agents. Additionally this research will
                  measure the toxic effects of selected chemical pesticides on important
                  indicator biota. Methods will be developed or improved and toxicological
                  bioassays will be conducted using indicator species and specific BCA and
                  chemical pesticides to determine dose/response. This includes exposure
                  techniques, biochemical and genetic probes to detect biorationals,
                  culturing of test organisms and determination of appropriate life-cycle
                  test stages. Recommendations and reports to OPP will include suggested
                  modification(s) of testing guidelines and effects toxicological evaluations.

                      Techniques are needed to follow and measure pesticides in the
                  environment and to determine the likelihood of unwanted accumulations
                  which.impair important properties and functions and which endanger desirable

                                                   VIII-121

                    EPA                                                       FY 1983 UPDATE

                    biota. This research supplies techniques, data, application guidance and
                    the scientific expertise to conduct assessments and interpret results for
                    OPP. Techniques will be developed, including mathematical models and
                    information on pesticide transport, degradation, residuals and fates and
                    .will provide direct technical support (exposure assessments) and guidance
                    on technique application to OPP. Various tasks will contribute exposure
                    information on such parameters as sorption kinetics in sediments, pesticide
                    transformations, biodegradation and movement. Most of this information is
                    designed to be factored into models which are calibrated and used in
                    conducting exposure evaluations applicable to both aquatic and multi-media
                    assessments.

                          Major milestones for the pesticides research can be found in Table
                    3.

                    Contact:

                    Dr. Henry Enos                             Commercial (904) 932-5311
                    Environmental Research Laboratory
                    Environmental Protection Agency
                    Gulf Breeze, FL 20460

                    Carcinogens

                          EPA, through an interagency agreement with the National Cancer
                    Institute (NCI), is studying the fate and effects of carcinogenic pollutants
                    in the environment. The research has examined species of marine fish and
                    shellfish to determine which are good indicators of the effects of carcino-
                    genic agents in the environment. Research objectives are as follows:

                          0 Determine fate and effects of carcinogens, mutagens, and teratogens
                            in aquatic species.

                          0 Determine role of aquatic species and systems in actual or
                            potential exposure of man to carcinogens, mutagens, or teratogens.

                          0 Develop aquatic species as bioindicator, sentinel, and model
                            systems for use in study of risks of carcinogens, mutagens and
                            teratogens in the environment.

                          Two research approaches have been followed: pathobiological methods,
                    and biochemical methods. Pathobiological methods research has focused
                    on fish toxicology, histopathology of induced lesions, and development
                    of a carcinogen assay system. Biochemical studies have involved the
                    exposure of mullet, killifish, flounder and sea catfish to inducers of
                    microsomal mixed-function oxidase activity.

                          Major milestones for the carcinogen research can be found in Table
                    3. The NCI/EPA collaborative project concluded in October 1982.
                    During FY 83 research projects underway ended.

                                                     VIII-122

                EPA                                                        FY 1983 UPDATE

                Contact:                                Commercial (904) 932-5311

                John Couch
                Environmental Research Laboratory
                Environmental Protection Agency
                Gulf Breeze, FL    35261

                Estimated Funding for Water Quality Research (in thousand $)

                    FY82     FY83      FY84     FY85*

                    $5,730   $4,062   $4,024   $4,212

                  Presidential budget submission

                                                 VIII-123

                   EPA                                                         FY 1983 UPDATE

                          ANTICIPATED MILESTONES IN THE WATER QUALITY RESEARCH PROGRAM

                                                                                 Fiscal Year
                   Milestone                                                 83   84    85    86

                   PRIORITY POLLUTANTS

                   Site-Specific Water Quality Criteria

                   Report on evaluation of short-term                             X
                   integrative organism responses as
                   predictors of organism health.

                   TOXIC SUBSTANCES

                   Structure-Activity Relationships

                   Report on biodegradation of different                     X
                   phthalate ester structures in fate/
                   toxicity screening system.

                   Report on using SAR for predicting                                        X
                   toxicity of organic and organometallic
                   chemicals to marine/estuarine organisms.

                   Report on verification of relationship                                    X
                   between chemical structure and biodegrad-
                   ability.

                   Effects Assessments

                   Report on the evaluation of use of a marine                          X
                   fish as carcinogen and teratogen assay sub-
                   ject.

                   Report on development of methods for assessing                       X
                   effects of toxic chemicals on larvae of estuarine
                   animals.

                   Report on techniques for evaluating effects and uptake                    X
                   of sediment-associated toxic chemicals by benthic
                   marine species.

                   Report on comparative toxicological relationships                    X
                   demonstrated in early life-stage tests with marine
                   fish.

                                                     VIII-124

                EPA                                                        FY 1983 UPDATE

                                                                            Fiscal Year
                Milestone                                                83   84    85    86

                Report on methods for measuring responses                                 X
                of benthic communities to toxic chemicals.

                Report relating responses of single species                               X
                and benthic communities to toxic chemicals.

                Report on statistical comparisons of toxic
                stress on field and laboratory systems.                       X

                Report on laboratory-to-field extrapolation                         X
                of toxic stress on estuarine macrobenthic
                communities.

                Report on use of persistence limits as a                            X
                management strategy for regulating toxic
                chemicals in marine ecosystems.

               .Report on influence of scale in marine                              X
                microcosms perturbed by toxic chemicals.

                Report on field validation of fate and                              X
                effects of selected toxic chemicals derived
                from lab microcosms.

                Workshop report on biodegradation of toxic                    X
                chemicals.

                Report on macroalgae (Champia) test verifi-                   X
                cation.

                Report on SAR models for use in predicting                    X
                toxicity of organic compounds to selected
                marine biota.

                Report on short-term assay to define-ecological               X
                risk associated with sediment-bound toxic chemicals.

                Report on in-vitro screening assay as a predictor
                for reproductive system effects in aquatic species.           X

                                                  VIII-125

                    EPA                                                       FY 1983 UPDATE

                                                                                Fiscal Year
                    Milestone                                               83    84    85  86

                    Exposure Assessments

                    Final report on chloro-organic chemical body burden           X
                    predictions in marine fishes based on input of
                    contaminants.

                    Final report on exposure assessment in estuarine systems            X
                    including food-chain model calibration and toxicity
                    modeling framework.

                    Final report on biodegradation predictions from micro-              X
                    cosm fate screening and eco-core systems compared to
                    field.

                    Report on the suitability of biodegradation information              X
                    from fate screen tests for predicting fate in microcosms.

                    Report on effect of concentration of organic chemicals        X
                    on biodegradation.

                    Report on environmental biodegradation of organic             X
                    pollutants.

                    PESTICIDES

                    Field Validation for Hazard Assessment

                    Report on hazard evaluations and relate                                  X
                    field to lab data with proposal on how to
                    test limits of applicability.

                    Effects Measurement Methods Development

                    Report on Subpart M data requirements for                     X
                    testing the safety of biological control
                    agents.

                    Progress report on pathologic, biochemical                          X
                    and genetic probes developed to detect
                    BCA's in non-target host.

                    Progress report on laboratory exposure                              X
                    of non-target aquatic animals to insect
                    viruses.

                    Report on early-life test methods for antherinid              X
                    fishes and other organisms.

                                                     VIII-126

                  EPA                                                         FY 1983 UPDATE

                                                                                Fiscal Year
                  Milestone                                                 83   84    85    86

                  Report on spawning cues and culture                            X
                  of Menidia peninsulae and Menidia
                  beryllinia.

                  Report on critical responses of                                            X
                  populations of crustaceans to
                  toxicants.

                  Report on reproductive biology of                                    X
                  Menidia peninsulae.

                  Final report - methods manual                                             X
                  for spawning, culturing and testing
                  of atherinid fishes.

                  Predictive Techniques for Environmntal Exposure

                  Report on pesticide accumulation by selected aquatic           X
                  animals in conjunction with field studies.

                  Report on effect of sediment associated micro-                 X
                  organisms on pesticide biodegradation in
                  estuarine sediments.

                  Report on*role of bioturbation in controlling                        X
                  transport and biodegradation in estuarine sediments.

                  Report on field validation of mathematical descriptions                    X
                  for biodegradation in estuarine environments.

                                                    VIII-127

                    EPA                                                         FY 1983 UPDATE

                                                                                  Fiscal Year
                    Milestone                                                 -93   84   85   86

                    CARCINOGENS

                    Symposium report: Marine fishes as carcinogen                   X
                         assay subjects

                    Aquatic animals as indicators of environ-                 X
                         mental exposures

                    Symposium report: Mouse vs. minnow: The     future
                         of fish in carcinogenicity testing                   X

                    Symposium report: Usefulness of Cyprinodon                X
                         variegatus and Fundulus grandis in
                         carcinogenicity tesi'i-n-g

                    Thesis: Development of a marine bioassay system           X
                             for priority pollutants using larvae of
                             the gooseneck barnacle, Pollicipes polymerus

                    Book chapter: Chemical carcinogenesis in fish                   X

                    Symposium report: Usefulness of the hermaphroditic        X
                         marine fish Rivulus marmoratus as a test animal
                         for carcinogenicity testing

                    Journal article: The effects of d  epuration, size        X
                         and sex on trace metal levels in bay mussels

                    Journal article: Seasonal variations of arsenic                 X
                         and.other trace elements in bay mussels

                    Journal article: The induction of proliferative                 X
                         lesions in the sheepshead minnow with
                         benzidine dehydrochloride

                    Book chapter: Histopathological methods                         X

                    Journal article: A summary of tissue lesions in                 X
                         aquatic animals induced by controlled exposures
                         to environmental contaminants, chemotheraputic
                         agents and potential carcinogens

                    Symposium report: Utilization of bivalve mollusks for           X
                         monitoring carcinogenic polynuclear aromatic
                         hydrocarbons in estuarine environments

                    Report: Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in bivalve            X
                         mollusks from Oregon estuaries

                    Symposium report: Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons             X
                         in bay mussels from Oregon

                                                      VIII-128

                 EPA                                                         FY 1983 UPDATE

                                                                              Fiscal Year
                 Milestone                                                 83    84   85   86

                 Journal article: Cellular proliferative disorders in             X
                      bivalve mollusks from contaminated marine
                      environments

                 Journal article: Benzo(a)pyrene concentrations                   X
                      in somatic and gonad tissues of bay mussels

                 Journal article: Concentrations of unsubstituted                 X
                      polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in bay
                      mussels from Oregon

                 Journal article: Uptake and accumulation of                      X
                      naphthalene by the oyster, Ostrea edulis,
                      in a flow-through system

                 Journal article: The effects of naphthalene on                   X
                      glucose metabolism in the European flat
                      oyster, Ostrea edulis

                 Journal article: Stimulatory effect of naphthalene               X
                      on glucose transport.in the oyster

                 Journal article: The pathways of glucose metabolism              X
                      in the. oyster, Ostrea edulis

                 Journal article: A method for determining environmental          X
                      levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in
                      bivalve mollusks by reverse phase liquid chromato-
                      graphy

                 Journal article: Comparative metabolism of polyaromatic          X
                      hydrocarbons in marine organisms

                 Journal article: Kinetic product patterns and mechanistic        X
                      pathways of benzo(a)pyrene metabolism in Aroclor-
                      treated mullet

                 Symposium report: Mixed function oxidase inducibility and        X
                      polyaromatic hydrocarbon metabolism in mullet, sea
                      catfish and gulf killifish

                 Symposium report: Metabolites of benzo(a)pyrene in               X
                      Aroclor 1254 treated mullet

                 Journal article:   A simple gas chromatographic method X
                      for the study of organic solvents: moisture
                      analysis, hydroscopicity, and evaporation

                 Journal article: The lethal and sublethal effects                X
                      of ionizing radiation on juvenile Pacific oysters

                                                   VIII-129

                   EPA                                                       FY 1983 UPDATE

                                                                               Fiscal Year
                   Milestone                                               83   84    85   86

                   Report: A prospective study of infectious and non-             x
                        infectious diseases in fishes and oysters in
                        relationship to pollutant activity in three
                        Gulf Coast estuaries

                   Final report: Effects of carcinogens,
                        mutagens, and teratogens on non-                          x
                        human species (aquatic animals).

                                                    VIII-130

                 EPA                                                        FY 1983 UPDATE

                                'GREAT LAKES RESEARCH AND MONITORING PROGRAMS

                      The Environmental Protection Agency addresses the pollution problems
                 of the Great Lakes through two inter-related and coordinated programs.

                      � Large Lakes Research Program,(research and devlopment)

                      � Great Lakes National Program Office (monitoring, abatement, control)

                 The mandates for these programs are contained in the Clean Water Act;
                 Sections 104(f) and 108 (a) and the U.S. Canada Great Lakes Water Quality
                 Agreement of 1978.

                      The Large Lakes Research Program is administered by the Office of
                 Research and Development through its Environmental Research Laboratory,
                 Duluth, Minnesota. The research is carried out by the EPA Large Lakes
                 Research Station, Grosse Ile, Michigan. The Great Lakes National Program
                 Office (GLNPO) is headquartered in Chicago with program responsibility
                 for Great Lakes waters in EPA Regions 11, 111, and V.

                 Large Lakes Research Program

                      In the Large Lakes Research Program, research is conducted on water
                 quality criteria, eutrophication and ecological assessment in order to
                 provide technical support to the International Jont Commission (IJC) and
                 the U.S. Canada Water Quality Board for the Great Lakes.

                      This research will develop and test methods to measure, describe and
                 predict the distribution, movement and effects of pollutants on nearshore
                 environments of the Great Lakes. Major focus will be on "in place" poly-
                 chlorinated organic chemicals such as PCBs and dioxins and special emphasis
                 given to fishery resources. This research will provide field-validated
                 techniques for use by the IJC, GLNPO, Regional and Program Offices, and
                 States in conducting environmental hazard and risk assessments. Field
                 studies of geographical areas of concern designated by the IJC will be
                 conducted. Intensive study of the Raisin and Fox River harbors will be
                 .used to: (1) develop a modeling framework for estuaries and nearshore areas
                 of the Great Lakes 'that integrates fate and transport of chemicals in the
                 water column and sediments (exposure), food chain uptakes and of chemicals
                 and-chemical mixtures and measurements of toxic effects (toxicity); (2)
                 develop procedures to determine allowable loading of toxicants to Great
                 Lakes estuaries and nearshore areas; and (3) to understand and predict
                 effects of pollutant loads to nearshore areas during storm events.

                      Major milestones for the Large Lakes Research Program can be found
                 in Table 4.

                                                  Vill-131

                   EPA                                                       FY 1983 UPDATE

                   Great Lakes National Program Office

                        The Great Lakes National Program Office was established in Region V,
                   Chicago, to focus attention on the significant and complex natural resource
                   represented by the Great Lakes.

                        GLNPO implements a multi-media environmental management program
                   drawing on a wide range of expertise represented by universities, private
                   firms, State, Federal, and Canadian governmental agencies, and the Inter-
                   national Joint Commission. The goal of the GLNPO program is to develop
                   programs, practices and technology necessary for a better understanding
                   of the Great Lakes Basin ecosystem and to eliminate or reduce to the
                   maximum extent practicable the discharge of pollutants into the Great
                   Lakes system. GLNPO also coordinates U.S. actions in fulfillment of the
                   Agreement between Canada and the United States on Great Lakes Water
                   Quality of 1978. GLNPO is divided into three major components to support
                   the Agreement: (1) Monitoring; (2) Program Support and Oversight; and (3)
                   IJC Water Quality Board. The Program Summary describes only the monitoring
                   segment of the GLNPO effort.

                        The design of the Great Lakes Monitoring Program is based on meeting
                   the requirements of the 1978 Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement, specific-
                   ally, Annex 11, and Annex 12, and as specified by the International Joint
                   Commission and agreed to by the Parties in response to additional concerns
                   which have developed since 1978. These requirements are:

                        �  Surveillance shall be undertaken for:

                           - Compliance monitoring.
                           - Achievement of general and specific objectives.
                           - Evaluation of water quality trends.
                           - Identification of emerging problems.

                        �  The program shall include baseline data collection,
                           sample analysis, evaluation and quality assurance
                           programs to allow assessment of:

                           -  Inputs from tributaries, point source discharges,
                              atmosphere and connecting channels.
                           -  Whole lake data; nearshore, harbors, bottom sediments,
                              Cladophora growth areas, open waters, fish contaminants
                              and wildlife contaminants.
                           -  Outflows including connecting channels, water intakes
                              and outlets.

                        To carry out these requirements, the EPA monitors loadings of nutrients
                   to the Lakes and the Lakes' chemical and biological response to these
                   loadings. The major theme of data analysis is to develop a capability to
                   predict the response of the Lakes to remedial and preventative program
                   policies, both in place and proposed. The responses of the Lakes and the
                   loadings to the Lakes are monitored on a continuous basis. In addition to
                   nutrient loadings there is increasing concern about toxic substances and
                   our capability to monitor toxic substances within the Lakes. GLNPO monitor-
                   ing seeks to detect new substances and to assess the effectiveness of bans,
                                                    VIII-132

                  EPA                                                            FY 1983 UPDATE

                  controls or other remedial programs designed to reduce or remove these
                  substances.

                       Funding for.t-he EPA research and monitoring in the Great Lakes is as
                  follows:

                                                                FY82      FY83      FY84      FY85

                  Large Lakes-RIesearch Program                $2500     $2500    $2500      $2500

                  Great Lakes National Program Office          $3800.    $3400    $3200      $1700

                                                     Total     $6300     $5900    $5700      $4200

                    Presidential budget submission

                       This is the initial effort to describe this EPA program office and
                  its funding in the Program Summary. Due to the recent aquisition of the
                  GLNPO information,, the budget data has not been incorporated into all of
                  the funding analyses presented in the introductory section of this
                  document, including the funding matrices (Appendicies 1 and 2).

                  Large Lakes Research Program Contact

                  William L. Richardson                                 Commercial (313.) 675-5000
                  Large Lakes Research Station
                  Environmental Protection Agency
                  9311 Groh Road
                  Grosse Ile,-MI 48138

                  Great Lakes National Program Office Contact

                  Kent Fuller                                          FTS 8-353-3503
                  Great Lakes National Program Office
                  Environmental Protection Agency
                  536 S. Clark Street
                  Chicago, IL 60605

                                                     VIII-133

                   EPA                                                        FY 1983 UPDATE

                                                     TABLE 4

                             ANTICIPATED MILESTONES IN GREAT LAKES RESEARCH PROGRAM

                                                                            Final Year
                   Milestone                                                83    84     85   86

                   Report on methodology/protocol for field exposure/                          X
                   effects assessment of a Great Lakes area of concern.

                   Report on chronology of organic contaminant                      X
                   accumulation in sediment cores taken from Great
                   Lakes class A area.

                   Report on bioaccumulation of organic contamination              X
                   in larval fishes in a Great Lakes class A area
                   (Raisin River).

                   Report on seasonal distribution of metal/organic con-                 X
                   tamination in a Great Lakes class A area (Raisin River
                   estuary).

                   Report on site-specific correlation analysis of sediment         X
                   organochlorines with those bioaccumulated by sediment
                   forage.

                   Users guide for in-situ bioassay for assessment of site-              X
                   specific modification of national water quality criteria.

                   IJC Science Advisory Board annual report.                             X

                   Report on evaluation of site-specific criteria                        X
                   guidelines for a Great Lakes site.

                   Feasibility report of "generic toxicity" approach under               X
                   site-specific conditions in Great Lakes.

                   IJC Water Quality Board annual report.                                X

                   Documentation of Great Lakes models.                                        X

                                                     VIII-134

                  EPA                                                          FY 1983 UPDATE

                                             CHESAPEAKE BAY PROGRAM

                       In 1976, Congress directed the Environmental Protection Agency
                  (EPA) to conduct an in-depth five year study of the environmental quality'
                  and management of Chesapeake Bay resources. EPA's Office of Research
                  and Development, in conjunction with the Region III office in Philadelphia,
                  initiated the Chesapeake Bay Program-(CBP) to assess the principal factors
                  adversely impacting the Bay's water quality, direct and coordinate research
                  to address them, improve data collection and storage, and determine and
                  improve coordination among government agencies with resource management
                  responsibilities.

                       EPA established a local office in Annapolis, Maryland, as an arm of
                  its Environmental Research Laboratory in Narragansett, Rhode Island and
                  its Region III headquarters office in Philadelphia. This office coordinated
                  the EPA funded research of 40 principal investigators from more than 30
                  agencies, research institutions., and citizen organizations.

                       The CBP was designed to complement the existing research by evaluating
                  the ongoing research and initiating new research where needed. EPA also
                  established a series of policy, management, and advisory committees and
                  working groups to involve state agencies in all areas of program planning,
                  technical support, data compilation and processing, scientific planning
                  and technical program development and implementation.
                       The main research goal of'the program was to coordinate pollution
                  research in Chesapeake Bay by accomplishing the following:

                       � Identifying   sources, transport, fate, and physical properties of
                          pollutants affecting Chesapeake Bay.

                       � Evaluating pollution control alternatives.

                       � Directing all phases of data.management.

                       Research activities of the Chesapeake Bay Program have included the
                  following areas: toxic materials; submerged aquatic vegetation; nutrient
                  enrichment; and synthesis and integration of overall research effort.

                       In addition, activities have  been carried out involving data management
                  and public participation.

                       Major milestones for the Chesapeake   Bay Program can be found on
                  Table 5. Technology transfer of program    findings, models and data
                  bases to the states has taken place. This includes the following: com-
                  puterized data base of bay sediment and water quality; and computer
                  models of bay hydrodynamics and a nutrient land run-off and transport
                  model.

                                                    VIII-135

                   EPA                                                        FY 1983 UPDATE

                        Funding for the research component of the Chesapeake Bay Program is
                   as follows:

                   Estimated Funding (in thousand $)

                       FY82     FY83     Research Program Ended*

                       $2,000    $900

                   Contact:

                   Dr. David A. Flemer                         Commercial (202) 382-5981
                   Office of Research and Development (RD-672)
                   U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                   401 M Street, S.W.
                   Washington, DC 20460

                       Although the Chesapeake Bay research program mandated by Congress was
                   terminated in FY 1983, a new implementation phase of the Chesapeake Bay
                   Program was initiated by the EPA at the beginning of FY 1984. The
                   implementation phase is managed by EPA's Chesapeake Bay Liaison Office in
                   Annapolis, Maryland, and is intended to assist the governments of states
                   in the watershed of the Chesapeake Bay in their efforts to improve environmental
                   quality in the Bay. Although the focus of the new program is primarily
                   environmental management through cost sharing with state governments,
                   some research and monitoring will be conducted to support management efforts.
                   In FY 1984 the implementation phase of the Chesapeake Bay Program is
                   funded at $4.25 million. Three million dollars of the total funding has
                   been allocated to state governments under the cost sharing arrangement
                   for the purpose of supporting cleanup efforts. The Chesapeake Bay Liaison
                   Office will use $900 K of the remaining funds to support environmental
                   monitoring, system modeling, and data management activities. It is
                   estimated that in FY 1985 the new Chesapeake Bay Program will have a
                   total budget of about $10.0 million. Additional information about this
                   program may be obtained from:

                                              Ms. Virginia Tippe
                                              Technical Director
                                              Chesapeake Bay Program
                                              839 Bestgate Road
                                              Annapolis, Maryland 21401
                                              Phone: (301) 922-3752

                                                    VIII-136

               EPA                                                         FY 1983 UPDATE

                                                  TABLE 5

                             ANTICIPATED MILESTONES IN CHESAPEAKE BAY PROGRAM

                                                                           Fiscal Year
               Milestone                                                   82     83     84

               Report: Description of the Chesapeake Bay ecosystem         X

               Technical synthesis of the results of each,major
                          research area

                          - Toxic materials                                X
                          - Submerged aquatic vegatation                   X
                          - Nutrient enrichment                            X

               Chesapeake  Bay environmental characterization                      X

               Bay management study                                                X

                                                 VIII-137

                   EPA                                                           FY 1983 UPDATE

                                                EXPLORATORY RESEARCH

                        As part of its exploratory research effort, EPA has established eight
                   Centers of Excellence through cooperative agreements with competitively
                   selected universities or university consortia. The focus of Center programs
                   is on long-term research that provides a link between basic and applied
                   research as related to EPA's mission. The Marine Ecosystems Research
                   Laboratory of the University of Rhode Island is the EPA-designated Marine
                   Center of Excellence. A limited amount of additional marine research is
                   also conducted through EPA's Research Grant Program.

                        The Marine Ecosytem Research Laboratory is using large outdoor microcosms
                   (13,000 liters) to study the fate and effects of pollutants in simulated
                   marine ecosystems. Studies in previous years have determined that the
                   microcosms are reasonable analogues of the adjacent Narragansett Bay
                   ecosystem. Research currently underway include the following:

                        � Effects of nutrient loading on estuaries.

                        �  Systems of ocean disposal of wastes.

                        �  Assimilative capacity of estuaries for nutrients.

                        �  Effects of chronic inputs of petroleum hydrocarbons on estuaries.

                        �  Historical record of change in estuaries.

                        �  Environmental benefits associated with cleaning polluted estuaries.

                        Reports that will be published from the EPA Research Grants Program
                   include:

                        �  Habitat selection in benthic marine invertebrates: Relation to
                           community patterns near waste discharges.

                        �  Interaction between microbiota and persistent pollutants in marine
                           sediments.

                        �  Toxicity of priority pollutants on tropical oceanic plankton.

                        �  Microbial transformation rates and fate of polycyclic aromatic
                           hydrocarbons in estuarine sediments.

                        �  Qualitiative environmental impact analysis: Marine plankton
                           communities.

                        �  Population dynamics in estuarine nurseries.

                                                       VIII-138

                EPA                                                        FY 1983 UPDATE

                     Funding for exploratory research  activities'is as follows:

                Estimated Funding (in thousand $)

                    FY82     FY83     FY84     FY85*

                   $1,450    $953    $1,586   $1,356

                  Presidential budget submission

                Contact:

                Herbert L. Wiser                       Commercial  (202) 382-744.9
                Office of Exploratory Research (RD-675)
                U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                401 M Street, SW.
                Washington, DC   20460

                                                 VIII-139

                                              IX. NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND
                                                  SPACE ADMINISTRATION

                                                                                      FY 1983 UPDATE

                                    NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION

                                                          CONTENTS

                                                                                                   Page

                  ORGANIZATION CHART    ................            .......  . ...  .  ....  IX-ii

                  FUNDING EMPHASIS GRAPH    ......................................        .... I-iii

                  FEDERAL PERSONNEL AND FACILITIES      ....................    .......  .... IX-101

                  PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

                        Remote Sensing Programs    .....  .....  ...... .....  .      ....     IX-101

                  LEGISLATIVE MANDATE    .....................     ...............   ... .... IX-103

                                                           Ix-i

                                         NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION

                                                                Administrator

                                                             Deputy Administrator

                              Associate              Associate              Associate              Associate
                             Administrator          Administrator          Administrator          Administrator
                          for Aeronautics and        for Space              for Space          for Space Tracking
                                                   Transportation         Transportation
                           Space Technology           Systems               Operations           & Data Systems

                                          Associate              Associate              Associate
                                        Administrator           Administrator         Administrator
                                       for Space Science            for                    for
                                             and                Management               External
                                         Applications                                   Relations
                                       r
                                          Environmental                                   Division of
                                           Observation                                   Technology
                                             Division                                     Utilization

                                         Oceanic Processes
                                           En, ni
                                             vi  ro
                                            Obse r%
                                             Divis

                   Only offices directly involved in marine pollution research are listed.

                                  NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
                                     OCEAN POLLUTION RESEARCH AND MONITORING
                                                        FUNDING EMPHASIS
                                                         FY1983 ESTIMATES

                                                             Gen. Prog. Support
                                                                $1.8m (90%)

                                            Basic Studies
                                              $.2M (10%)                                        Info. Mgt., Syn. & Dissem.
                                                                                                         (22%)

                                               Eocsystem
                                              Processes &
                                                Modeling                                            Other (11 %)
                                                 (100%)       Measure. Method.
                                                                   (67%)

                                                                              FY 1983 UPDATE

                             NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION

                   Due to severe budgetary constraints, NASA brought to completion
              those research efforts directly dealing with ocean pollution research,
              development, and monitoring in FY 1982. The following represents those
              efforts indirectly related to ocean pollution research, development, and
              monitoring. Although NASA does not have any direct statutory responsi-
              bilities for ocean pollution research, development, and monitoring, NASA
              presently supports and sponsors research projects that seek to satisfy the
              needs of other Federal, State, and regional governmental agencies for new
              or improved methodologies for ocean pollution research, development, and
              monitoring data or information acquisition.

                                    FEDERAL PERSONNEL AND FACILITES

                   NASA does not have any staff who are specifically assigned to marine
              pollution programs nor does it have any facilities,-vessels, or equipment
              that are specifically designated for support of such programs.

                                          PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

                                         Remote Sensing Program

                   Those projects indirectly related to ocean pollution research,
              development, and monitoring fall under two categories. The first includes
              the development of spaceborne techniques and the evaluation and application
              of these techniques to advance our understanding of the fundamental behavior
              of the oceans. These elements are conducted by the Ocean Processes Program
              in the Environmental Observations Division of the Office of Space Science
              and Applications. The second includes programs which make possible the
              utilization of proven technologies and methodologies to other government
              agencies and industries for use in on-going programs. These efforts
              are conducted by the Division of Technology Utilization in the Office@
              of External Relations.

              Development of Remote Sensing Technology

                   This portioil of the NASA program has been focused on remotely
              measuring marine environmental parameters that provide signals which
              are not site specific or subject to ambiguous interpretation. The water
              quality activities have evolved into research directed toward measurement
              of water bio-optical properties of concern in biological and fisheries
              oceanography, such as ocean color measurements of chlorophyll, and remote
              laser stimulated measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence, chlorophyll
              flue yield, and phyco flue from aircraft, ships, and buoys. The ultimate

                 No information was submitted by NASA for inclusion into the Agency
                 Program Summaries, FY 1983 Update. The information provided here was
                 extracted from the FY 1982 Update.

                                                 IX-101

                  NASA                                                             FY 1983 UPDATE

                  goal of this research effort is a much better understanding of global
                  oceanic primary productivity and phytoplankton distribution, reasons
                  for observed spatial and temporal variability, how these are influenced
                  by ocean physics and circulation, and the impacts on living marine
                  resources and global carbon and nitrogen cycles.

                       Accomplishments so far include the following:

                       �  Chlorophyll concentration measurements from space (Nimbus-7
                          Coastal Zone Color Scanner) from 0.05 - 10 ug/l, accurate to
                          within + 50%.

                       �  Airborne Oceanographic Lidar development and measurement of
                          chlorophyll fluoresence yield and phycoerythin fluorescence.

                       �  Time series of chlorophyll concentrations for the entire
                          Southern California Bight using the Coastal Zone Color Scanner.

                  Estimated Funding (in thousand $)

                           FY82     FY83     FY84     FY85*

                  P.P.   $ 1900   $ 2050    $ 2200   $ 2200

                  W.Q.    $   0   $    0   $    0    $    0

                  * Presidential budget submission

                  Program Manager

                  Dr. Wayne E. Esaias
                  Primary Productivity Program Manager
                  Environmental Observations Division
                  Office of Space Science and Applications
                  NASA Headquarters
                  Washington, D.C. 20546

                  Transfer of Remote Sensing Technology Programs

                       The primary objective of this program is to promote the transfer
                  of space technology and related methodologies to other agencies for
                  their use in operational OPRDM programs. Through FY 1982, NASA will
                  continue to maintain liaison with Federal agencies responsible for
                  operational OPRDM programs to keep current on their needs for new or
                  improved instruments for pollutant studies, and for water quality
                  monitoring. Should NASA identify space technology based instruments
                  which have the potential of serving the needs of another agency, NASA
                  will bring this information to the attention of that agency. If that
                  agency expresses an interest in accepting the transfer of the space
                  technology based instrument, NASA will seek to enter into a transfer
                  of the technology. The agreement will cover a cost-sharing joint effort
                  under which NASA will adapt and suitably package the instrument for use
                  by the agency in a field demonstration of the instrument in an operational
                                                     IX-102

                NASA                                                             FY 1983 UPDATE

                OPRDM program. The agency, in turn, will agree to assume the responsibility
                for the procurement and deployment of additional instruments in its OPRDM
                programs. NASA will.provide technical assistance to ensure that agency
                personnel become familiar with the instrument operation and maintenance,
                and will also provide advice to that agency regarding procurement of
                additional instruments.

                     Definitive milestones for the accomplishment of the space technology
                transfer objective are not specified in advance. However, NASA is
               .currently involved. with the following technology transfer efforts:
                                                                         I
                     �  EPA/X-ray fluorescence scatterometer for water quality
                        monitoring; remote water quality monitoring device for
                        helicopter, deployment, a neutron-gamma ray activation
                        system for underwater quality research; and a laser system
                        for the detection of virus in water using activated
                        fluorescence.

                     �  NOAA/expendable aircraft deployable dissolved oxygen
                        profiler using solid state sensors and sonic tracking
                        technology; and the demonstration of the application of
                        advanced microwave radiometer and scatterometer techniques
                        to oil spill monitoring.

                     �  U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)/Water Quality
                        Recording system for field operations.

                Program Manager

                Charles R. Eastwood
                Terrestrial Applications
                Technical Utilization and
                  Industry Affairs Office
                Office of External Relations
                NASA Headquarters
                Washington, D.C. 20546

                                            LEGISLATIVE MANDATE

                     National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958 (P.L. 85-568).

                                                   IX-103

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                                                                                                                              11

                                                                                   FY 1983 UPDATE

                                         NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION.

                                                  CONTENTS

                                                                                 Page

                 ORGANIZATION CHART   ........................................     X-ii

                 FUNDING EMPHASIS GRAPH   ....................................   X-iii

                 MISSION STATEMENT  .......6 ..................................  X-101

                 FEDERAL PERSONNEL AND FACILITIES    ..........................  X-101

                 PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

                    Division of Ocean Science   ..............................   X-101

                                                      X-i

                                                              NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION

                                                                       National Science Board

                                                                              Director

                                                                           Deputy Director

                              Mathematical &                Astronomical, Atmospheric,             Biological, Behavioral,
                             Physical Sciences                       Earth and                      & Social Sciences
                                                                  Ocean Sciences

                                                             F-Division of
                                                             L
                                                                  Ocean Sciences

                                            Administration                              Engineering              Scientific, Technological,
                                                                                                                  & International Affairs

                                             NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION
                         OCEAN POLLUTION RESEARCH & MONITORING FUNDING EMPHASIS
                                                      FY 1983 ESTIMATES

                         Environmental
                        Characterization   Ecosystem
                             (31%)          Processes
                                               and
                                            Modeling
                                              (69%)

                                                        Basic
                                                       Studies,
                                                         AM          Generic                      Pollutant
                                                        (26%)        Pollution                  Transport and
                             Coastal Activites                       Studies                   Transformation
                               $.04M (2%)                             $1.1 M                       (52%)
                                                                      (72%)

                                                                                 Pollutant
                                Coastal Facilities                                Effects
                                      Siting                                       (48%)
                                  and Operation
                                      (100%)

                                                                                 FY 1983 UPDATE

                                       NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION

                                                  MISSION

                    The National Science Foundation (NSF), under authority of the NSF Act
               of 1950 (as amended), has the mission to support scientific research to
               maintain and increase the Nationis vital ability to advance in scientific
               and technological areas. NSF does not itself conduct research, but
               provides funding for scientists in the private sector, mostly in academic
               institutions. Unsolicited proposals are received, evaluated through peer
               review, and funded if of sufficiently high scientific merit. The objectives,
               methods, ultimate goals, and pace of the research are all determined by
               the scientists proposing the research.

                                      FEDERAL PERSONNEL AND FACILITIES

                    NSF does not have any staff who are specifically assigned to marine
               pollution programs nor does it have any facilities, vessels, or equipment
               that are specifically designated for support of such programs.

                                            PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

                                         Division of Ocean Science

                    The Division of Ocean Science is the principal administrative unit
               supporting research relevant to questions of marine pollution. When com-
               pared to "mission agencies," NSF does not have a marine pollution effort,
               because there are no activities which are narrowly focu  sed by internal man-
               dates or policy. Most of the research supported can be categorized as basic
               research.  However, in the marine sciences the distinction between applied
               and basic research is not clear cut. Because so little is known about the
               ecological dynamics of all parts of the marine ecosystem, and the pollution
               problem is so pressing, basic findings usually make a contribution to other
               studies more directly applied. Much of the new understanding of marine
               systems gained through NSF supported research now forms the basis for much
               marine pollution research currently supported by mission agencies. During
               the Decade of Ocean Exploration, environmental quality was a specifically
               targeted objective. This initiative, however, had come to an end by 1980.

                    The programs within the Ocean Sciences Division are divided along
               disciplinary lines: Physical Oceanography, Marine Chemistry, Submarine
               Geology and Geophysics, and Biological Oceanography. Within the Division
               there are essentially two categories of research. There are specific
               study areas in which a variety of individual projects may be supported, and
               there are multicomponent projects involving larger numbers of investigators
               addressing a specific set of goals. During FY 1983, the total of all
               grants awarded by the Ocean Sciences Division was about $80 million. Only
               a fraction of this total, $1,566K, was awarded to support research that
               could be linked directly to ocean pollution issues.

                                                   X-101

                 NSF                                                              FY 1983 UPDATE

                 Estimated Funding (in thousand $)

                     FY82     FY83      FY84     FY85*

                    $2,496   $1,566    $1,100    $400

                   Presidential budget submission

                 Program Contact

                      Dr. Rodger W. Baier
                      Program Director of Chemical Oceanography
                      National Science Foundation, Room 611
                      1800 G Street, N.W.
                      Washington, D.C. 20550
                      (202) 357-7933

                                                     X-102

                                                                                                                       XI. NUCLEAR REGULATORY
                                                                                                                             COMMISSION

                                                                                     FY 1983 UPDATE

                                        NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION

                                                    CONTENTS

                                                                                       Page

               ORGANIZATION CHART   .........................    ...................    xi-ii

               FUNDING EMPHASIS GRAPH    .........................................   xi-iii

               MISSION    .......................................................    XI-101

               FEDERAL PERSONNEL AND FACILITIES     ..............................   XI-101

               PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

                    Environmental Impact Assessment Research Nuclear Plant

                      Aquatic Impacts Program   ...................  ......   ....... XI-101

               AGENCY  MANDATES ................................      .............. XI-103

                                                      xi-i

                                        NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION

                                                  The Chairman

                                                The Commissioners

                                                 Executive Direc
                                                  for Operation

        Pq                 I                             -      I
                      Office of Nuclear Office of Nuclear   ice of Nuclear  Office of Inspection
                                                          0 f
                       Material Safety Reactor Regulation [Regfulatory Research and Enforcement
                       & Safeguards        -I
                                          Division of     Division of Health,
                                     F    Engineering      Siting & Waste
                                                            Management

                                       Assistant Director
                                      for Materials, Chemical
                                       and Environmental  Waste Management
                                          Technology          Branch

                                                Environmental Impact
                                               Assessment Research -
                                               Aquatic Impacts ProgramI
                                             L--- - -- - ---- _j
              Only offices directly involved in marine pollution research are listed.

                                       NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION
                                 OCEAN POLLUTION RESEARCH AND MONITORING
                                                FUNDING EMPHASIS
                                                FY1983 ESTIMATES

                                                      Coastal
                                                      Activities
                                                    $.02M (100%)
                                                  (all Coastal Facility
                                                 Siting and Operation)

                                                                                FY 1983 UPDATE

                                      NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION

                                                  MISSION

                     The mission of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is to assure
                that civilian activities involving the use of nuclear facilities and mater-
                ials are conducted in a manner consistent with the protection of public
                health and safety, environmental quality and the national security and
                with antitrust laws. The NRC carries out this mission through regulatory
                functions which include licensing, rulemaking and inspection and enforcement.
                For each major rulemaking and licensing action, the NRC conducts an environ-
                mental impact assessment in accordance with the National Environmental
                Policy Act (NEPA).,

                     Research to support NRC's regulatory functions is organized within
                three major areas of identified informational needs: (1) Reactor Safety
                Research, (2)-Safeguards, Fuel Cycle and Environmental Research, and (3)
                Systems and Reliability Research. Those research activities within the
                purview of the Committee on Ocean Pollution Research, Development and
                Monitoring fall within the second area and, more specifically' address
                informational needs in the sub-area of environmental impact a;sessment
                research.

                                      FEDERAL PERSONNEL AND FACILITIES

                     The NRC does not have any staff who are specifically asssigned to
                marine pollution programs nor does it have any facilities, vessels, or
                equipment that are specifically designated for support of such programs.

                                            PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

                                      Environmental Impact Assessment Research
                                          Aquatic Impacts Program

                     As part of its licensing review function, the NRC assesses the poten-
                tial aquatic impacts due to construction and operation of proposed nuclear
                plants. Applicants for nuclear plant construction permits are required to
                describe, in quantitative terms, the physical, chemical, biological and
                hydrological characteristics for surface water bodies and groundwater which
                may be affected by construction or operation of the plant. These aquatic
                data and plant design features are considered in the NRC staff's independent
                assessment as presented in the Environmental Impact Statement (EIS).
                Research activities within the Aquatic Impacts Program support the staff's
                licensing review function through development of analytical methods and
                confirmatory data.

                Goal

                     The goal of the aquatic impacts program is to provide technical bases
                for assessing the environmental impact of the construction and operation of
                nuclear facilities, with emphasis on effects of intake and discharge struc-
                tures, routine effluents, and accidental releases of radioactive material.

                                                   XI-101

                   NRC                                                       FY 1983 UPDATE

                   Objectives

                        The broad objectives of this research program are to ensure: (1) that
                   NRC can make acceptably accurate, independent assessments of the projected
                   environmental impacts of radiological and nonradiological aquatic effluents
                   from proposed nuclear plants; and (2) that.there is an acceptable body of
                   knowledge upon which to base operational technical specifications. An
                   immediate, specific objective is to provide verified data, valid predictive
                   models, and follow-on confirmation of predictions which will facilitate
                   NRC compliance with the National Environmental Policy Act.

                   Current Program Elements (Projects)

                   1.  The Effects of Nuclear Power Plant Operations on Populations of Boring and
                       Fouling Organisms

                       The objective is to quantify the effects of thermal regime changes on
                       the species composition and population dynamics of marine borers and
                       fouling organisms in an estuarine system. Economically positive or
                       negative changes wrought by invading species are of particular concern.
                            FY82 - $85K (Complete) FY83 - $OK - $ OK

                   2.  Products, Pathways, Effects, and Fate of Chlorination By-products

                       The objectives are: (1) to measure and identify those chemical com-
                       pounds formed when chlorine is added to fresh water and to marine and
                       estuarine waters, (2) to develop methods for detecting concentrations
                       of chlorinated hydrocarbons in the effluents discharged to receiving
                       water bodies from nuclear plants, (3) to investigate the acute and
                       chronic toxicity of several chlorinated by-products on freshwater
                       and marine species, (4) to characterize the pathways of chlorinated
                       by-products in aquatic organisms, and (5) to analyze for biomagnifi-
                       cation of chlorinated hydrocarbons in aquatic species.
                            FY82 - $100K FY83 - $20K FY 84 - $OK

                   3.  Chemical Effluents from Nuclear Power Plants: Copper

                       This program is des-Igned to: (1) characterize the chemical form and
                       behavior of copper discharged into surface waters in effluents from
                       nuclear power stations, (2) obtain data and information on the behav-
                       ior of copper in the sediments of receiving water bodies at nuclear
                       station sites, (3) determine the magnitude of the impact of copper on
                       representative species, and (4) develop models suitable to NRC appli-
                       cations for predicting and assessing environmental impacts of copper
                       released from nuclear power stations.
                            FY82 - $100K (Complete) FY83 - $OK FY84    $OK

                   Milestones

                     FY 83-87

                        Environmental impact assessment for planned light water reactors
                   will be largely completed by the end of FY 1984. Present indications are

                                                      XI-102

                 NRC                                                       FY 1983 UPDATE

                 that licensing activities centering on other aspects of the nuclear fuel
                 cycle will be increasing. To accommodate information needs for licensing
                 and to maintain adequate standards, programs to identify and analyze
                 types of environmental impacts stemming from fuel reprocessing and low-
                 level radioactive waste repositories will be undertaken. Where existing
                 environmental impact assessment methodology for reactors is not transferr-
                 able, research and standard-setting activities will be started in FY 1984
                 and completed by FY 1988.

                      No projects within the purview of COPRDM have been identified for
                 funding during the period, FY84 to FY88.

                 Estimated Funding (in thousand $)

                     FY82*   FY83    FY84    FY85

                     $285     $20     $0      $0

                    In the FY 1982 Program Summary URdate, funding for this, program in
                    FY 1982 was reported as $265K. The amount reported here is a more
                    accurate estimate of FY 1982 funding for this program.

                 Information Source

                 Dr. Charles W. Billups, Aquatic Scientist
                 Division of Engineering, P-314
                 U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
                 Washington, D.C. 20555
                 (301) 492-8118

                                            AGENCY MANDATES

                      The NRC was established as an independent regulatory agency under
                 provisions of the Energy Reorganization Act of 1974 and Executive Order
                 11834 of January 15, 1975 which transferred all licensing and related
                 regulatory functions formerly assigned to the Atomic Energy Commission
                 by the Atomic Energy Act of 1954. The NRC also has responsibility under
                 the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 to assess the environmental
                 impact associated with issuing licenses and to balance these impacts
                 against the expected benefits. In addition, the NRC 'requires assurance
                 that all licensed facilities meet the requirements of the many.Federal
                 and State laws that are administered by other agencies.

                                                    XI-103

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                                                    NATIONAL MARINE POLLUTION PROGRAM
                                                                                   FUNDING EMPHASIS BY CAUSE
                                                                                                                 FY 1983 ESTIMATES (thousands of dollars)

                                                                                                                     ACTIVITIES SPECIFIC TO OCEAN USES                                                                    ACTIVITIES NOT SPECIFIC TO OCEAN USES

                                                                                                                                                                                                   COASTAL                GENERIC                                                        GENERAL
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                                                                                                                     S   I                                                                         Z IL) CA     01 IL     IlLo,          Ujol       I             L16111LU401 0   1ro 221&-al                0       1
                      DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

                            Effects of Agricultural Practices                                                                                                                                      196                                                                                                                           796
                      DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
                          NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS
                            Center for Analytical Chemistry                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      0.
                          NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION
                            Coastal & Estuarine Assessment                                                       1044 1365  1934                  203                       1   88     59          13081 245    88        74               54                     15                    4231   161     871   53      13          7204
                            Ocean Use Impact Assessment                                                          513 948    1394      48          124                  1    1   60     143         61           139       It--                                    194                   33     7       157   2       5           3684
                            Strategic Assessment                                                                                                                            1   25                 1     1                               83                       347                   686            124           1091        1374
                            Hazardous Materials Response                                                                                                                    1          1247           121       13                                                                      13             16                        1305
                            National Marine Pollution Program                                                    12   38      37                                            1                      13    1                                                                              301    25      121           145         692
                            Deep Seabed Mining Environmental Research                                                                                             591       1                            1                                                                                                                       591
                            Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion                                                                                                            2881                                                                                                                                                      288
                            Chesapeake Bay                                                                                                                                                                                                 50                                           150            so                        250
                            Measurement Systems Development & Engineering Services                                                                                                                                                                  I             I                     1      10                                10
                            National Marine Sanctuaries                                                                                                                                27          28 28        28                                  1                                   1                                        Ill
                            Coastal Zone Management                                                                                                                                                                       9   9          8 70     70              36      8             71             231   23      23          350
                            Ship Support                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               1     6349    1           6349
                            Environmental Research Laboratories Ocean Pollution Studies                          364 3281   365            69         35  21      34            221    23          252 128      127                                                                                                              1768
                            Environmental Research Laboratories Great Lakes Pollution Studies                    213 509    380       131                                       441                132 1291     293       26  26                                  196     641           66     53                                2262
                            Sea Grant Ocean Pollution                                                            63  851    305       1     6                                   431                340   1                14  33                                  139                   1                            1           1797
                            National Fishery Ecology                                                             715 564    551                   591                           481    15          368          2571 198      411        Ill 595  481             5272                  46     36      5     5       7           11
                            Microconstituents                                                                         54      55                      6                         30                 62 33                                 1                                                                                       240
                            Ocean Pollution Data & Information Network                                                                                                                                                                       I      1             1                     390                          170         560
                      DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
                          ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS
                             oa ial Engineering                                                                                                                                                       740                                                         1  200                1      1       1             1           940
                            Flood Control & Navigation                                                           380                                                                                  485                                                                                                                        865
                            Environmental-Quality-                                                               3603                                                                              1  7841                    50                                  100     50                                                     4587
                            Satellite & Surveying Applications                                                   15                                                                                1  1531                6                                       6                                                              180
                            North Atlantic Division                                                              688                                                                                                                                                                                                             688
                            New England Division                                                                 800                                                                                                                                                                                                             Boo
                            South Atlantic Division                                                              565                                                                                                                                                                                                             565
                            North Pacific Division                                                               245                                                                                                                                                                                                             245
                            North Central Division                                                               553                                                                                                                                                                                                             553
                            iower Mississippi River Division                                                     50                                                                                                                                                                                                              50
                            Pacific Ocean Division                                                               2                                                                                                                                                                                                               2
                            South Pacific Division                                                               300                                                                                                                                                                                                             300
                            Southwest Division                                                                   100                                                                                                                                                                                                             1 DO
                          U.S. NAVY
                            Environmental Protection Technology                                                                                                             1 11251                                                                                                                                              1125
                      DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 I
                            Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion                                                                                                            760                                                                                                                                                       760
                            Regional Marine                                                                                                                                                                               5922                                                                                                   5922
                            Radiciecology                                                                                                                                                                                 1454                                                                                                   1454
                            Physiological Ecology                                                                                                                                                                         130611         1                                                                                       1306
                            @trategic Petroleum Reserve                                                                                  3960                                                                                 1          1                                                                                       3960
                            Subseabed Disposal                                                                                        5650                                                                                                                                                                                       5650
                      DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
                          NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SERVICES
                            Intramural Research                                                                                                                                                                           309                                                                                                    309
                            Extramural Program                                                                                                                                                                            600                                                                                                    600
                          FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION
                            Shellfish Sanitation                                                                                                                                                                                         22001
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 F200
                      DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
                          MINERALS MANAGEMENT SERVICE
                            Washington D.C. Office                                                                                                1856                                                                                                                                                                           1856
                            Atlantic OCS Regional Studies                                                                                         7838                                                                                                                                                                           7838
                            Gulf of Mexico OCS Regional Studies                                                                                   5481                                                                                                                                                                           5481
                            Pacific OCS Regional Studies                                                                                          5167                                                                                                                                                                           5167
                            Alaska OCS Regional Studies                                                                                           13207                                                                                                                                                                          13207
                          U.S. FISH AND IMLDUIFE SERVICE
                            Fishery Resources                                                                        1761                                                                          177                    203            1 105                                    1                                  1           661
                            Habitat Resources                                                                        503                      1 3181                                               506 13       53        118            1 190                                                                                   1701
                          U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
                            Water Resources Division                                                                                                                                                                                              2000            1369 389                                                       3758
                            Geologic Division                                                                                                     458    114      458                                                                                             342                                                            1372
                   -DEPARTMENT-OF-TRANSPORTATION
                          U.S. COAST GUARD
                            Port and Environmental Safety                                                                                                                              2300                                                                                                                                      2300
                            Marine Environmental Response,                                                                                                                             645                                                                                                                                       645
                      ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                            Marine Waste Disposal                                                                3476    1 19071 224                                                                                                                                                                                             5607
                            Energy Related Research                                                                                               165                                                                                                                                                                            165
                            Water Duality Research                                                                                                                                                                        2031 1625      Z6                                                                                      4062
                            2reat Lakes Research                                                                                                                                                                          1625 875                                                                                               2500
                            Chesapeake Bay                                                                                                                                                                                               900                                                                                     900
                            Exploratory Research                                                                                                                                                                                                    1             193 380    380                                                 953 1
                      NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION

                            Remote Sensing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1 205                 410 12301                    2051        2050
                      NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION                                                                                                                                                                                                                 I                            I
                            Division of Ocean Science                                                                                                                                                 35                  543 585                                 124 219                                                        1566
                      NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION

                            Environmental Impact Assessment Research                                                                                                                                  20                                                                                               -               -- 20-1
                      TOTAL                                                                                      13701, 5336 6926 6054 4015 11449                      1048, 141151 4.59           3388 2805              7073,1062.1 140111 32EA 2551            5 3223 1575 380 2590   1522          583 6432
                            "This program shows no funding because support is
                               provided from other agencies on a reimbursable basis.
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