Learning experiences for marine environment studies simulation : superport

[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]

/oc?gz

Coastal.Zone
i information
COASTAL ZONE
Center
INFORMATION CENTER..

LEARNING EXPERIENCES FOR

MARINE ENVIRONMENT STUDIES

28 1977

SIMULATION GAME:

SUPERPORT

Produced by

MARINE ENVIRONMENT CURRICULUM STUDY

University of Delaware

GC Supported by
1021
D3 N 0 A A Sea Grant Program
t43
1974
and

College of Education

University of Delaware

GC1021-03 C43,1974

US Department of Commerce
NOAA Coastal Services Center Library
2234 South Hobson Avenue
Charleston, SC 29405-2413

Supported in part by

UNIVERSITY OF DELWARE SFA GRANT PROqRam

US OFFICE OF EDUCATION

OFFICE OF ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATI0N EEW

PopuLATiON COUNCIL

CORDELIA SCAIFE 1AY FOUDATION

CHRISTIANA FOUNDATION

DEPARTEMENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION

DEL MOD SYSTEM

DUPONT EDUCATIONAL AID C0MMTTEE

Concept: V.D.l.

V. The activities of human populations may lead to-conditions
restricting the quality of life.

D. Human activities may degrade the esthetic quality of the
environment.

1. ECONOMIC VALUES ARE OFTEN IN CONFLICT WITH ESTHETIC
VALUES.

Marine Concept: 4.12

4. Man. is part of the marine ecosystem.

4.1 The marine environment has affected the course of history
and the development of human cultures..

4.12 PROXIMITY TO THE OCEANS AND THE AVAILABILITY OF MARINE
RESOURCES HAVE INFLUENCED THE CULTURES OF MANY SOCIETIES.

Title: Simulation Game: Superport,

Grade Level: 10-12

Subject: Social Studies

Periods: 12

Author: McFarland

V.D.1
(Mar. 4.12)
p. 2

TEACHER'S. GUIDE

SUPERPORT is a learning experience-which requires students to examine
how a superport and its related industries will.affect the marine environment
of a. given, geographical area. This activity is designed to provide roles for
up to ninety students. The students are further divided into groups of thirty
each with each group representing a county in the fictitious State of Outland.
In this activity the student will become involved in a decision@making process
that will make him aware of the various conflicts and pressures involved in
reaching a decision of pub lic importance. The game begins with the students
defini ng factors that might be related to the installation of a supbrport.
Continued studies will expose students to a wide range of information sources
and activities.

As the activity proceeds, the student is assigned a hypothetical adult role
in the State of Outland. This role forces the student to confront a crucial issue
in his state. His involvement will require him to weigh such things as the
environment,*economics and political bnl-avior In the culminating activity
the students will use their influence points to selectpublic officials such
as a. governor, lieutenant governorand members of the,legislative assembly.
These public officials will in turn establish the policies regarding the superport.

The lesson plan could be expanded to covera period-of several weeks or
perhaps confined to one week. Although it fits best in the Social Studies area
?f learning, it could easily be included in a biology course with biological
implications emphasized. Fish and game experts might be included in the
role playing to present pertinent biological information.

If the school lends itself to flexible situations, this might be a
unit a social studies class and a biology class might work on together. It
would also be suitable for a "mini-course". If your class is small, make sure
that each county is well represented and that someone takes the role of governor,
the Mayors, a Representative from.Superport, Inc.5 as well as, teachersi factory
workers and ministers.

A.SUGGESTED
SUPERPORT. DAILY SCHEDULE

DAY ACTIVITY MAT ER IAL S POSSIBLE POINTS FOR EVALUATION

A. Introduction of game A.' Student survey A. 5'Po-ints for completing.
B. Teacher gives survey, B. Map. Survey. Answers: A--1,3,4,5,6,
explains game, and C. Student Handbooks 81
assigns roles (assign D. Vocabulary Words D--2,7,9, 10
draw rolesl U- 11-20

.2 A. Students work on and discuss @@Rerport Activity A. 5 Points for Handout
the Su erport activity Handout B. 16 Points.for Vocabulary
_p=_
Handout
B. First 16 vocabulary words
due

3 A. Guest Lecture (Science A. Attached guide for 5 Points for attending
teacher)(Larg.e group Science teacher '22 and takin.g notes (optional)
3 classes) p.

41. A. Movie and follow UP A. Movl:e-Crisis in A. 5 Points for completing
discussion (large group- Estuary,- Movie Guide
3 classes) B. 16 Points for vocabulary
B. Second 16 vocabulary words.
words due. B. Movie Guide p. 32

5 A. Lecture (Social Studies A. Attached guide for A. 5 Points for attending
teacher)(Large group Social Studies and'taking notes(optional)V
3 classes teacher p..23

6 A. Students interact and form A. Students bring A. 16 Points for vocabulary
pressure groups based on descriptive roles to
roles in each classroom class
B. Third 16 vocabulary words
due.

Schedule
Page 2

DAY ACTIVITY MATERIALS POSSIBLE POINTS FOR EVALUATION
7 A. Filmstrip and follow up A. Man's.Natural
A. 5 Points for completing
I
discussion(large g .roup- Environment: Crisis fit_ms and guide
3 classes) Through Abuse. Part I B. 15 Points for vocabulary
B. Last.list of vocabulary avai able at Concord
words due High School's Social
C. Students interested in Studies Resource Cen-
being candidates for-up- teror Guidance
coming elections. Start Assoc. of PleasanIC.-
getting petitions, signed. vil,le, N.Y.
B .Filmstrip Guide
.8 A. Vocabulary test - Identify A. 25 vocabulary words A. 25 Points for vocabulary words.
25 words B. 15 Points for each project
B. Special projects from stu- No maximum number of projects
dent handout (Ex.-special C. Special project points may
projects-critique, etc.) be applied to profile IP's
These are the only points that D. Failure to do a project
can be used on student profile means a loss of 10 IP's on
IP s. Minimum of one project your profile.
due and failure to do so means
a loss of 10 IP's.
9. A. Legislative Assembly calls A. Large room with A. 5 Points for attending
a public hearing.. members of the Assem- the meeting (optional)
B. Any concerned citizen may bly sitting in front
express himself (Superport B. Podium for guest
representatives, governor, speakers
other teachers, etc.
C. Lt. governor chai rs meeting
D. Political campaigning should
take place before and after
the hearing(large group-
3 classes)

.Schedule
3

DAY ACT IV ITY
MATERIALS POSSIBLE POINTS FOR EVALUAT JoIN

10 A. Classroom activity-political A. Readings from Day 1'
speeches at local level B. Student made cam- -
.B. Statewide candidates should paign buttons and
move from classroom to class- posters (optional)
room making speeches

A. Election petition due A. Ballots
B. Election of Gov'., Lt. Gov. B. Tally sheet A. 10 POints if elected to
of f ice.
and Leg. Assembly

A. Legislative Assembly is A. Large room arranged A- 5 Points for survey
called into session to make for Legislative B. If Superport is permitted,
a decision on changing the Assembly Meeting the representatives of
coastal zoning law to per- B. Student su
mit a SuperEort (majority rvey Superportj Inc. receive
(same as given on 10 Points.
vot e) Day 1)
B. Governor signs or vetoes the
bill if passed.
C. If'vetoed, the legislative
assembly can override by a
2/3 vote.
D. Student survey

(-n

V. D. 1.
(Mar. 4.12)
p. 6

SUPERPORT STUDENT SURVEY

Use the following symbols for your,answers:

A Agree
U Undecided
D Disagree

1. When you hear Santa Barbara, your first thought should be air pollution.

2. The Torrey Canyon is an area located east of Cape Henlopen.

3. An estuary is-a water passage where the tide meets a river current.

4.@ Amonobouy is a type of deepwater port.

5. DWT refers to the tons of cargo a ship is capable of carrying.
6. Most of the major ports in*the U.S. today can handle ships having up
to 40 foot drafts.
7. Industrial corporations are chiefly responsible for-the polluted waters
of the Delaware River and Bay.
8. Amount of water a.ship will displace is called the draft

9. The EPA is a private agency concerned about economic protection of the
oil industry.
@10. Nuclear power plants are considered very dangerous to mankind because
of thermal pollution.
-11. Opposition to superports has been started pri marily by liberals who would
like to change the capitalistic system.
12.' With increasing population and technology, man must be willing to sacrifice
his clean waters.
13. The oil industry is unjustly,criticized by environmentalists.
14. The national government should subsidize industry to help keep 'our
environment.@,-clean.
15. A violator of environmental laws should be subject to-heavy fines
and imprisonment..
16. Joe Citizen is willing,to pay to.help keep the environment clean.

17. Many of the social ills of today are a result of poor environmental
laws.
18. Current advertising of the energy crisis is a political tactic of the
oil industry to persuade the public to accept a superport.
19. People should not have to take a periodic cruise in order to see clean
water or:.smell fresh air.
20. If man would give up his aut6mobile, an energy crisis would not exist today.

V. D. 1.
(Mar. 4.12)
P. 7

VOCABULARY LIST

Wetlands Finfish'
Draft 'Sport fishing
Channel Dissolved oxygen
Supertanker Synthetic detergents
Superport Sewage sludge
Tides Biochemical oxygen demand
Marine ecology Chlorides
M4n-generated pollutant Alkalinity
Natural pollutant Organic nitrogen
Water Pollution Phosphates
Thermal pollution Marsh ecosystems
Oil depletion Marine terminal
Dredge Tonnage
Megalopolis Off-land cargoes
Marsh Tugboat
Torrey Canyon Barge
Petroleum Dead weight tonnage (DWT)
Corps of Engineer's Deepwater port
Santa Barbara Monobuoy
Algae Bulk-transfer terminals
Plankton Residual fuel oil
Shellfish Crude oil
Eutrophication Long ton
Estuaries Short ton
Pesticides Domestic-coastwise receipts
Tank farm Domestic-coastwise shipments
Oysters Domestic-internal receipts
Piedmont crystallines Domestic-internal shipments
Pleistocene sand and gravel Domestic-local
Hydrology Groundwater
Oceanography Erosion
Continental Shelf

What do theseterms mean to you?

Can you spell them correctly?

V. D.
(Mar. 4.12)
8
st ate._

out

ra
RIF- Off Co U nt

SPI I t- Count

Some w he res vi He

WIN
1j'k t o n Co U #1 tj
Beacil
No wbe?-es v ill e,

OW M*
tie

V. D. 1.
Mar. 4.12)
P.

Student Handbook
SUPERPORT

OVERVIEW

SUPERPORT, a simulation activity,.encourages you to study cettain problems
and possible solutions related to marine.ecology. You will assume the role of
an adult citizen in a hypothetical state, Outland. You will be given opportunities
to take part in decision-making at the state.level of government by forming an
opinion and expressing your views on a proposal to locate a superport in the state.
Some in the class will be seeking election to the executive and legislative branches
of government while the others will be asked to support-the candidate of their
choice.

You may be assigned a role that conflicts with your own personal opinions.
However, in a simulation activity, it is essential that you express the view
representative of the role assigned to you.,

Throughout the simulation activity you will be expected to investigate various
types of pollution and their effects on the marine environment.. Your studies
will include a brief analysis of statements made as a result of a marine ecology
study, the preparation of position papers, and the completion of action projects.

Each role is asIsigned a certain number of Influence Points (IP's) depending
ont the individual's economic and sociAl status. Since in real life individuals
may gain influence by becoming knowledgeable on certain issues, you may gain
additional IP's by satisfactorily completing-the analysis of the marine ecology
survey statements., preparation of position papers, and completion of action
projects, (Certain simulated events will result in participants.ga.ining or.
losing IP's.)

SITUATION,

Outland, with a population of 600,000, is located along the Eastern seaboard
in the heart of the nortbeast.megalopolis. The state spe cializeg in tourism,
research, and a few heavy industries. The franchise laws of Outland encourage
large businesses to incorporate inthe state, thus making the state relatively
affluent. As a result,, the state unemployment is relatively low as compared.with
other states.

Outland is located on a major rail line, on a major interstate highway,
and on a large navigable bay which meets the ocean in the southern part of
the state. Because of its location, the state is a haven for fishing, surfing
and beach enthusiasts.

V.,D. 1.
(mar. 4.12)
P. 10

Recently the state passed a coastal zon4l,ng law, restricting additional
heavy industry along its shoreline. However, with a national fuel shortage
developing and the use of larger super-tankers, a lot of money is being spent
and a lot of pressure is.being applied in the upcoming gubernatorial and
legislative elections. With a newly elected government, the possibility
of changing the law and permitting a superport exists.

Bdcause of its proximity to large population centers of the northeast, the
availability of land, a good highway system, and a high per capita income of
state residents, Outland has experienced a phenomenal growth in the use of its
marine environment during the past ten years,

Not all of the residents of the lower two counties are convinced that this
growth is desirable.

THE OIL INDUSTRY

During the past several months, representatives of the Oil Industry have.
been pressuring the state and national governments to*consider the need for
-superports. Public hearings have been held by the federal government in various
towns throughout the northeast corridor to help determine the most feasible
superport site.

Outland Bay, however, appear,7, to be the location preferred by the Oil Industry,
who argue that by using Poverty Beach, they willbe 'able to meet the demand
for oil plus reduced tanker traffic. The Oil Industry also claims that tanker
petroleum load transfer is already taking place in,the Bay because the draft
of many tankers,is too deep to navigate the channel to Oldport (in the neighboring
state). Repr6sentatives of the Oil Industry argue that taxes will be-lowered,
schools upgraded, resort areas enriched and fishing improved if the port is
located at Poverty Beach.

STATE LEGISLATIVE AND EXECUTIVE PROCEDURES

The Outland Legislative Assembly is responsible for passing laws which will
dictate the future of the state. The Assembly is a bicameral body comppsed.1
of a fifteen-member House of Representatives and a nine-member Senate. Members
of each house have one vote. In order for legislation to pass, it must receive
a majority vote in each house and be signed by the governor. A 2/3 vote of
both houses is required to override a vdto. The House of Representatives selects
its own speaker (presiding officer) by majority'vote. The Senate is presided over
by,the lieutenant governor who is a non-voting member of this body.

1h SUPERPORT, the Legislative Assembly conducts a public hearing to obtain
the citizens' views regarding the construction of a superport. Eventually the
assembly.will ba,@e.,to.decide,-wbether or not to change the coastal zoning law.

V. D. 1.
(Mar. 4.12)
P. 11

Each member of theassembly is free to ask questions of those presenting
their views. Each member should be able to expre.ss his views during the public
hearing, during the election campaign, and just prior to the voting of the
assembly on changing the law.

The representative of Superport, Inc, should be the first speaker at the
hearing. "He should present a proposai to change the law., to permit his firm to
locate the superport at Poverty Beach. The speech should include tentative
plans as well as advantages and disadvantages of this location. Other speakers
.should include the Governor, assembly mem bers, Pressure group representatives
and citizens.

GUBERNATORIAL AND LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY ELECTION INSTRUCTIONS

In SUPERPORT, any-citizen of Outland is eligible to seek election. All students
are eligible to circulate nominating petitions for the offices of governor,
senato r, or rep resentative. Each of the thr ee classes (counties) will have
five representatives and three senators. The governor and lieutenant governor
will be elected at large. To be nominated, a candidate for governor or lieutenant
governor must.:gain.the support.of individualt.with a-combined'total of 400
:Inf;2-ue%ee,Foihts. .A candidate'for the:legislative assembly mus.t.-gain the,support
of individuals with a combined total of 225'IP's. Residents of each county
may only sign the petitions of candidates for the legislative assembly from
their own county. Howver, r6sidents of all three counties may sign petitions
for governor and lieutenant governor.

Those ipterested in public office seek the support of those who are most
likely to.agree with them. Citizens generally back the candidates who are most
likbly to earry@out:their ideas. It is not a good. idea to sign apetition
unless you are sureof the candidate's positions on public issues. When running
for governor or lieutenant governor it is a good idea to gain support from all
three counties.

When circulating nominating petitions, either the prospective candidate
or a campaign manager may obtain the signatures of supporters. After the
petitions have been completed a ballot will be prepared to assure a secret election.
In real life each citizen possesses one vote. In Outland however, each citizen
has as many votes as,he has influence points. The influence point's reflect
the number of persons'.opinions and decisions that the individual may
affect in resolving social questions.

LIVE YOUR ROLE!

V. D. 1.
(Mar. 4.12)
RIP-OFF COUNTY ROLES p. 12

Doctor 35 yrs. old Dog Catcher (SPCA) 62 yrs old
He has been employed by the SPCA for
Resident of Grassville for 5 years 27 years. After retirement, at the age
Father of 2 sons. His wife spends of 65, he .plans to reside.-near the ocean
the summer months at the beach near Wild in Right-On County.
Time with her 2 snns. A member of the 10 IP's
House of Representatives for 2 yrs.
25 IP's
Driver Ed. Teacher 35 yrs. old
A teacherat Not So Good High School for
..Grocery Store Manager 40 yrs. old the past 13 yrs. A State Senator for
the past 4 yrs,
Lifetime-.@resident of Rip-Off County 20 IP's
A confirmed bachelor. He owns 2 high
powered sports cars which he races each Marina Owner 55 yrs. old
weekend at Little Ghostville Raceway in Owner of his own business for the past
Right-on County. A member of the House 25 yrs. Recently the waters in Rip-Off
of Representatives for 10 yrs. County have become increasingly polluted.
.20 IP's- As a result, his gross income has declined
25% during the past 5 yrs. He has been
a member of the House of Representatives
Pharmacist 24 yrs. old for the past 20 yrs.
Resident of suburban Grassville for 2 yrs.
His new bride is employed as a secretary .25 IP's
for a local oil refinery.
20 IP's
Oil Refinery Manager 42 yrs. old
A resident of Rip-Off County since his
Mayor of Grassville. 30 yrs.'old company developed here in 1957. His
Lifetime resident of the city. He was business could expand. 50% of the crude
elected 2 years ago. His campaign was run oil demand would be supplied.
on his being a friend of labor.' He enjoys 20 IP's
fishing whenever time permits.
25,IP's Representative from Superport,Inc.
25 yrs. old
A non-reside,nt of Rip-Off County who is
Gas Station Owner 45.yrs. old here to sell a bill of goods to the people
Lifetime resident of Rip-Off County. of Outland. If the.port is,established
Business has been declining because of the he will rec6ive a large promotion with a
increasing price of gas. He has been a member 25% pay increase.
of the House of Representatives for 10 yrs. No IPs
15 IP's

V. D. 1.
(Mar. 4. 12)
p. 13

Chemical Plant Manager 5.0yrs. old Nylon Factory worker 25 yrs. old
A 30 yr. resident of the state. With. She has worked at the local plant for
increased industry in the state, the the past 7 yrs. Two yrs.. from now she plans
cost of labor will probably increase. to quit.work after paying off a camper-
A member of the House of Representatives trailer and boat.
for 2 years. 15 IP"s
25 IP's

',s. old
Housewife 36 yi
Labor Leader 36 yrs. old Mother of 5 children from the ages of
A self-made man who spent his'boyhood 3 to 16. Her husband is employed by the
days in poverty. His leadership in State of Outland as Assistant Director
the construction union has been of Natural Resources and Environmental
threatened recently because of the lack Control. 15 IR's
of jobs available. A member of the state
Senate for 4 yrs.
15 IP's Bar room Waitress 26 yrs. old
ReceDtly divorced wife of a chemical
engineer. She plans to work until she
Unemployed worker '21 yrs. old starts to benefit from her alimony
A resident of suburban Grassville f 'or payments. Mother of a 3-year-old daughter.
21 yrs. He resides at home with his,parents 15 IP's
and 2 brothers, He enjoys surfing but
recently sold his board to get money
for a car payment. Superintendent of schools 47 yrs. old
5 IP's Superintendent of Grassville-School
District for the past 5 yrs. Recently much
pressure has been developing within the
Governor 54 yrs. old teachers' union for better materials and
A native of rural Rip-Off County. He has a better teacher-student ratio. To do
spent the past 30 yrs. in politics. The this, a tax increase would be necessary.
major 'concern of his office is to overcome 30 IP's
the financial crisis of Outland
30 IP's.
Farmer 49 yrs. old
Lifetime resident of lower Rip-Off County.
Hardware store owner 32 yrs. old Recently he has beeu,concerned about
His business in lower Rip-Off County has agricultural.run-off in the Outland Bay.
been declining recently because of the He has been State Senator for, the past
high unemployment. His wife is the President 10 yrs.
of the Outland Citizens for Clean Air. .25 IP's
15 IP's

Snack Shop Operator 32 yrs4. old
Auto Factory worker 35 yrs. old She has beet operating a truck stop for the
Assembly line worker for the past 15 yrs. past 10 yrs. With the coming of a new
Three years ago, he was elected President interstate highway her business will
of-the Local UAW Conservation Organization. probably dro p off 50%.
He spends much leisure time hunting and 15 IP's
fishing.
15 IP!s

V. D. 1.
(Mar. 4.12)
p. 14

Priest 35 yrs. old Lawyer 30 yrs. old
From a family of 7 boys and.6 girls. A graduate of Outland University and
He has been active in helping youth by the Pemple University Law School in
counseling drug addicts. Hc;is concerned nearby Murder City. His specialty is
with the high unemployment rate of corporation law.
many youths in Grassville. 15 Ip's
15 IP's

Truckdriver 22 yrs. old
With the women's rights movement, she was
able to get a job with a refinery in
Mucous Hook. Her work involvef; local
hauling.
10 IP's

Department Store Employee 19 yrs. old
She started working at the large store as
part of a work-study program while a stu-
dent at Grassville High School. She works
as a dancer on we ek ends at Wild Time Beach.
10 IP's

.Used Car Saleswoman 23 yrs. old
Saleswoman for one of the most
corrupt car dealers in the Grassville
area. Her presence has helped to increase
buisness more than 10% in the past year.
10 IP's

Real Estate Saleswoman .40 yrs. old
Wife of the president of a local anti-
pollution group. Most of her clients buy
and sell in surburban Grassville.
15 IP's

Hunter 35 yrs. old
She spends a lot of her time in the lower
two counties of Outland hunting. She worl,:s
as a secretary.-at a@refinery in Mucous
.Hook.
10 IPs

Banker 55 yrs. old
President of the Grassville National B ank
for the past 10 yrs. Much of the bank's
money capital is invested in a local
,chemical business located on the Plastic
River.
25 IPis.

V. D. 1.
(Mar., 4.12)
p. 15
SPLIT COUNTY ROLES

Doctor 38 yrs, old Marina Owner 55 yrs. old
Resident of Somwheresville for Owner of his own business for the past 20
-.8 yrs.
Fatherof 4 sons.- His wife spends the yrs. His business success depends on the
summer at Wildtime Beach with her,4 resort business in Outland Bay.
sons. 25 IP's
25 IP's

Oil Company Manager 40 yrs. old
Grocery Store Manager 28 yrs. old A resident of Split County since 1956.
A superport would expand his business. He
A lifetime resident of Split County.
Aconfirmed bachelor who takes a lot of has been.a member of the State Senate for
pride in his automobiles. He races his the past 4 yrs.
cars at Little Ghostville Raceway in 20 IP's
Right--On County every weekend.
20 IP's
Representative from Superport, Inc.
28 yrs. old
A non-resident of Split County who is here
Pharmacist 26 yrs.- old
Resident of Somewheresville for the past to sell a bill of goods to the people of
utland. If the port is established he will
4yrs. His new bride works as an adver 0
tising specialist*for a local oil company. receive a large promotion with a 25% pay
A member,of the House of Representatives increase.
No IP's
for the past 2 years.
20 IP's

Food Processing Plant Manager 55 yrs. old
Mayor of Somewheresville 33 yrs. old A resident of Outland for the past 35 yrs.
Lifetime.resident of the city. 'He was With increased industry in the state, the
elected 2 yrs. ago on a platform of,- cost of labor will probably increase.
being a friend of the working man. He ..25 IP's
enjoys the outdoor lifewhen time permits.
Labor Leader 38 yrs. old
25 IP's
A self-made man who spent his boyhood days
in poverty. His leadership in the construc-
Gas Station Owner 48 yrs. old tion union has been threatened recently
because of the lack of jobs available. A
Lifetime resident-of Split County. member of the House of Representatives for
Recently.his profits have declined the past 4 yrs.
because of a. gas shortage.
15 IP's 15 IPIS

D.og, Catcher (SPCA). 63 yrs. old Unemployed Worker 22 yrs. old
He has worked for the SPCA for 28 yrs. A resident of Somewheresville.for 22 yrs. He
After retirement he plans to reside at lives at home with his parents and 2 brothers,
Wildtime Beach. A member of the House He enjoys surfing, but recently sold his
of Representatives for 10 yrs. board to get money for a car payment.
5 IP's
'10 P,s

Social Studies Teacher 36 yrs. old
A teacher at Poverty Beach Jr. High
School for 14 yrs. A State Senator
for the past 8 yrs.
20 IP's

V. D. 1.
(Mar. 4.12)
p. 16
Lt. Governor 50 yrs. old Farmer 50 yrs. old
A native of rural Split County. His Lifetime resident of Split County.
main duty is to direct legislation in Recently he has been concerned about the
the State Senate. increased.efforts to industrialize many
30 IP's of the area farmlands.
25 IP's

Hardware Store Owner. 33 yrs. old
His business has been declining recently Snack Shop Operator 35 yrs. old
because of the high rate of unemployment. She has been operating a truck stop for
His wife is an active member of a local the past 8 yrs. A member of the House of
Outdoor club. A member of the House of. Representatives for the past 4 yrs.
Representatives for the,past 6 yrs. 15 IP's
15 IP's

Rabbi 36 yrs. old
Rubber Factory Worker 35 yrs. old From a family of 6 boys and 7 girls.
Assembly line worker for the past 15 yrs. Spends a lot of time counseling youth
Three yrs. ago she was elected president with their hangups. He is concerned
of the local union's conservation about the high unemployment o@: the
organization. She spends much leisure youths in Somewheresville.
time fishing and hunting. 15 IP's
15 IP s

Truckdriver 23 yrs. old,
Nylon Factory Worker 26 yrs. old She hauls fuel for a local oil company.
She has worked at the local plant for Her weekends are spent at Wildtime Beach
the-past 8 yrs. Two years from now she where she works as a model.
plans to quit work after paying off a 10 IP's
camper-trailer and boat.
15 IP's Department Store Employee 20 yrs. old
She started working at the large store as
part of the work"studyr-program while in
Housewife 37 yrs. old high school. On the weekends she works as
Mother of 5 childrenfrom the ages of adancer at a Wildtime Beach cocktail bar.
3 to 16. Her husband is employed by the 10 IP's
State of Outland Natural Resources and
Environ m,ental Countrol Division. A
member,-6f the State Senate for the past 4 yrs. Motorcycle Saleswoman 24 yrs. old
She works at Somewheresville's most attrac-
tive motorcycle store. She has lived in
Bar Room Waitress 26 yrs. old Outland for the past 4 yrs. Her old man
Mother of a 3-yr. old son. Upon final- was the leader of the"Hell's Angels" before
izing her divorce papers, she plant to his accidental death.
quit work and use her alimony for support.
15 IP's
Real Estate Saleswoman 40 yrs. old
Wife of the president of a local anti-
Superintendent of Schools. 48 yrs. old pollution group. Most of her clierts
Superintendent of Somewheresville School buy properties near@ the Outland Bay.
District for the past 10 yrs. The past 2 15 IP's
referendums to increase taxes for better
salaries have been defeated.
30 IP's

V. D. 1.
(Mar. 4.12)
p .17

Hunter 38 yrs. old
She spends,-A.:lot of her time hunting
in the wetlands near the Outland Bay.
She works as a secretary with a local
oil company in Somewheresville.
HIS

Banker 56 yrs. old
President of the Somewheresville
National Bank for the past 11 yrs.
Much of the bank's money capital is
invested with the local oil
industries.
25 IP's

Lawyer 32 yrs. old
A junior partner in one of the most
respected law concerns in the state.
Much of her leisure time is spent
hunting and fishing.

V. 1). 1.
(Mar. 4.12)
p. 18
RIGHT-ON COUNTY ROLES

Fisherman 45 yrs. old Horseman 28 yrs. old
Lifelong resident of Wildtime Beach Resident of Right-On County for 3 yrs.
Father of 1 son and 1 daughter. Owns stables on outskirts of Nowheres-
.Business has been good but is doomed ville. Increased population would make
by superport. Also needs fuel to run racing more popular in the area.
trawler. 20 IP's 151 IP's
Doctor 37 yrs. old
Moved to Wildtime Beach from Grassville
Resort Hotel Owner 50 yrs. old 7 yrs. ago. He finds the slow casual
Lifetime resident of Right-On County. living very relaxing. A member of the House
Recently business has been slipping of Representatives for 2 years.
due to oil spills at lightering stations. 25 IP's
A member of the House of Representatives
for the past 10 yrs.
25 IP's Restaurant Owner 40 yrs. old
Her business specializes in seafood and
the summer tourist trade. She enjoys
Housewife 30 yrs, old
parties and wild times.
Resident of Right-On County for 7 20 IP's
yrs. Her husband works for a leading
oil firm in Nowheresville. Does not Pharmacist 34 yrs. old
participate actively in community Resident of Wildtime Beach for 16 yrs. He
affairs. and his wife manage their own business.
15 IPTs A member of the State Senate for the past
4 yrs.
20 IP's
Mayor of Nowheresville 52 yrs. old
Lifetime resident of Nowheresville.
Married with 4 children. Been in office Gas Station,Owner 34 yrr;.old
for 8 yrs. Very well liked and opposed Lifetime resident of Right-On County. With
to the superport. the limited supply of gasoline, her business
25 IP's. declined last summer. A member of the
State Senate for 8 yrs.

Mayor of Wildtime Beach 49 yrs. old
Lifetime resident of Wildtime Beach. Re-cresentative from SuperpoPt, Inc.
Been in office for 4 yrs. Not well liked 28 yrs. old
because of his budget planning. A non-resident of Right-On County who is
25 IP?s here to sell a bill of goods to the*resi4
dents of Outland. If the port is
Marina Owner 41 yrs. old established, he will receive a big
Lives along Follow Me.River where promotion.
is-marina is.located. Business-has No IP's
been declining because of polluted waters.
Customers are moving,boats to cleaners
waters. Unemployed worker 21 yrs. old
25 IP's A resident of. Nowheresville for 21 yrs.
Her welfare check barely provides
Cottage Owner 37-yrs. old subsisten'ce.
Winter home in Somewheresville (Split 5 IP's
County). Summer pottage in Wildtime Beach.
15 IPts

V. D. 1.
(Mar. 4.12)
P. 19
Hardware Store Owner 34 yrs. old Dept. Store Employee 19 yrs. old
His business depends a lot on the She started working at the store as part
summer business. His wife.is very active of a work-study program while in high
in the conservation movement in the area. school. She works as a part-time dancer
A member of the House of Representatives at Wildtime Beach.
for 4 yzz. 10 IPIS
IP's

Used.Car Saleswoman 40 yrs. old
Housewife 33 yrs. old Wife of the president of a local conser-
.Mother of 4 children from the a6es of
vation group. Most of her clients are
4 to 16. Her hu sband is employed by the interested in resort rental'. A member
s
Wildtime Beach Sanitation Dept. of the House of Representatives for 6 yrs.
15 IP's .15 IP's

Bar Room Waitress 28 yrs. old Real Estate Saleswoman 40 yrs. old
Recently divorced and living with her Wife of the president-of a local
3-yr. old son at -,her parents' home. conservation group. Most of her clients are
When her husband gets out of jail he interested in resort rentals. A member
will be required to pay her alimony. of the House of Representatives for
15 IPs 6 yrs.
15 IP's

Superintendent of Schools 50 yrs.-old'
Superintendent of Nowheresville School Hunter 33 yrs. old
District for the past 10 yrs. The district She spends a lot of her leisure time hun-
needs more money in order to develop ting in-the wetlands of-lutthern Outland.
an expanded vocational education pro- Her husband works as a river boat opera-
gram. tor in the Ntliand Bay.
.30 IP's 10 IP's

Farmer 52 yrs, old Banker 55 yrs. old
Lifetime resident of Right-On County. President Of Wildtime Beach State Bank,
As a state senator, be is on a committee for the past 14 yrs. Much of the bank's
to study indsutrial.growtb in Outland. money capital is invested in.local
25 IP's resort properties.
25 IP's

Minister 45 yrs. old Lawyer 35 yrs. old
Preacher at the Sunrise Service every Employed by the Wildtime Beach City Council
Sunday during'the summer months at as a legal adviser. The summer months in-
Wildtime Beach. He has been very crease his income 20%
active in youth programs in the area. 15 IP's
15 IP's

Truckdriver 32 yrs. old
She drives a fuel truck for the local oil
company. A member of the state House of
Representati-O.,es for 4 yrs.
5 IP's

V.D.l.
(Mar..4.12)
p. 20
Teacher 30 yrs. old
A physical education teacher at Wildtime
Beach High School. Her summer job involves
directing the local recreation program.
20 IP's

Labor Leader 40 yrs. old
A self-made man who spent his boyhood days
in poverty. His leadership in the construction
union has been'threatened recently because,
of the lack of jobs available..

Meat Processing Plant Manager 50 yrs. old
Alifetime resident of Right-On County.
New industry would probably put new
demands on management for wage,increases.
25 IP's

V.D 1.
(Mar'. 4.12)
p, 21

Suggested Action Projects (You'can earn 15 Influence points per project)

1. Draw series of cartoons
2. Make a bullet-in board
3. Make a model supertanker
4. Make a model superport
5. Make a scrapbook of newspapers and magazine accounts
6 Take a field trip
7: Take a series of slides
8. Conduct a survey
9. Write a poem
10. Interview authorities
11. Write a modern version of nursery rhymes
12. Make a map of coastal area. showing natural resources.
13. Etc.

Posit-ion Papers (You can earn 15 Influence Points per p aper)

Position papers require you to assemble dat a, to organize information in logical
form and to formulate an opinion based on the role you are playing in Svperport.
Study the list and choose a topic and position. For example, you may want to
impersonate a citiz 'en owning a mosquito-infested wetland area and you're all for
filling itin and putting some houses on it. Please add your own topic to the
list if you wish.

1. Oil Spills
2. Supertankers
3. Foreign Dependence of Oil
4. Fuel Shortage
5. Oil Refineries
6. Water Recreation
7. Marine Ecology,
8 Dredging
9:. Other Energies Solar Energy, Nuclear Energy, etc.
10. Wetlands
11. @eavy Industry and the Shore
12. Fishing
13. Beach Resorts
14. Etc.

..V.D.l.
(Mar. 4.12)
p. 22

A TEACHER PRESENTATION

The Effect of Crude Oil on the Marine Environment

The film loop, "The,Forming of a Colloidal Suspension is helpful.

I. Chemical Composition of Crude Oil

A,..-Describe crude oil as a mixture:

1. Alkanes (bu tane through dodecane)
.2. Alkenes
3. Benzene derivatives
*4. Extra by-products (sulfur,.nitrates, etc.)

II. The Interaction of Crude Oil and Water

A. Demonstrate the forming of a colloidal suspension by mixing the oil with water.

B. Explai n which of the parts of crude oil will:

1. Dissolve in water
2. Form a suspension with water
3. React with water to form new substances

III. The Effects of the Various Parts of Crude Oil on:

A.'Plant life

1. The smothering effect on broad leaf plants by a suspension
2. The feeding effect of the nitrates and low molecular weight alkanes on
microscopic plant life (algae, etc.)
3. The poison effect of the acids formed by the reaction of crude oil
by-products with water.

B. Animal life (aquatic)

1. Obvious smothering effect of suspensions
2. Subtle changes in,chemical balance of fish and crustacea (as well as mollusks)
3. Dangerous.increase in the contamination of edible shellfish
4, The feeding effect on microscopic animals (similar to effect on small plants).

C. Humans

1. Show potential skin cancer possibilities (Werner Exp,.) of alkanes and
benzene on human skin.

2. Effect of increased acidity on eyes, ears, and'internal organs

-Available from Ealing Film Loops, Cambridge, Mass. 02140

V*D.]-.
(Ma*r..4.12)
P.23

BASIC OUTLINE OF POINTS TO BE COVERED

The game will deal with economic, social, environmental and international
implications of a superport and its related indust Iri.es.

I. Economic Implications

Advantages of Superport Disadvantages of.Superport

A. More tax dollars A. Creates a need for more schools.
B. More jobs created B. Creates a need for more roads
Creates a need for more
government services

II. Social Implications

A. Could change the area from a rural to an urban area, possibly creating
frustration for the native inhabitants.

B. Could bring more cultural and other activities to the area

III. Environmental Impi ications

Potential pollution co uld affect the marine ecology and many of man's
recreational activities.

IV. International Implications..

A. Could affect trade relations with other nations,i.e., importing more
oil may lead to greater balance of trade,.balance of payments, etc.

B. Oil and diplomacy - Western Europe, Japan,'and. the U.S.rely more
heavily on oil from the Mid-East, a situAtion.that would affect relations
with the Arab States, which is a factor in U.'S.-U.S'.S.R. relations.

C. Trade becoming more important factor in U.S. Foreign Policy development

V. D. 1.
(Mar. 4,12)
p. 24

A SUPERPORT ACTIVITY

I.. The New Breed

As mentioned 50% of the world oil production is transported across the oceans.
What type of special ship is needed in the transportation of such a vital resource?

A little over a century ago in 1861, the first full cargo of nil was tran4orted
on a sailing brig from Philadelphia to London. This ship could hardly be
tanker" but it did start what is now a major portion of all international
called all
shipping. Today there are nearly 4,000 tankers of various sizes travelling the'
major shipping routes. They range in size from less than 6,000 Aead weight
tons (DWT refers to the tons of-cargo a ship is capable of carryi g) to over
50,000 DWT.

Twenty years ago, a tanker of 30,000 DWT was considered large.. Today,.on the
other hand, super tankers of the 500,000 DWT class are not uncommon. There
are pvoposed ships on the drawing boards which will have a capacity of
1,000,000 DWT.

Under the present construction prices it would take about $20 million to
construct a tanker of the,50,000 DWT class, and a.supertanker of the 400,000
DWT class is estimated to cost $71 million. Obviously, the larger the
ship becomes, the more expensive it is to construct. With the costs so high,
why build the supertanker?

A. DWT vs. Costs

Below is a table showing dead weight tonnage and estimated total cost
of the construction of the ship. Calculate the cost per DWT for each ship
and fill in the table with your answers.

Scale for estimating tanker construction costs in the U.S. (1971)

Dead Weight'Tonnage Cost per DWT Estimated Total Cost

50000 $20,450,000
100,000 31,000,000
200,000 46 200,000
3009000 59,700,000
4009000 719200,000

1. Why is cost per DWT significant?

2. Make a graph of DWT vs. cost per DWT. Put the tonnage (DWT) on the
horizontal axis.

3. What happens to the cost per DWT as the size of the tanker increases?

4. What effect will this have on the shipping costs of oil and the final
cost t6.,then consumer.

V. D. 1.
(Mar. 4.12)
p. 25

B. DWT vs. Numbers-

UsIng.the same table.as shown in investigation I.A., answer the following
questions':

1. Assume you are the head of an oil firm and your,oil must be trans-
ported from the oil fields in the.Middle East to a refinery in New
Jersey. You have tankers of the 50,000 DWT class only. How many
ships do you need to transport a cargo of 400,000 tons?

2. Assume they all load and leave at approximately the same time. How
many ships have you entered into the world shipping lanes?

3. How could you decrease the number of ships you have entered 'into
trade and still transport the same amount of oil?

4. What effect will this have on the, potential for collisions to occur
between tankers and other ships?

C Numbers vs. Docks

When goods are transported by sea, the ship-obviously must dock somewhere
to unload the cargo. Most of the major ports inthe U.S. today can handle
ships having up to 40 foot drafts. The draft of a.ship is the amount of
the ship that is actually underwater when it is loaded. Consider the
modern supertankers. A 300,000 DWT tanker draws 75 feet while a:500,000 DWT
tanker could have a draft of nearly 100 feet.

1. Look at Figure 1. What will have to be done before supertankers can
use such ports as Wilmington-and Philadelphia?

2. What effect will this have on the natural environment of these areas?

3. Assuming that you want to prevent any further damage to the natural
environment, what other alternatives are there for docking these ships?

If.indeed we cannot get the ship to the port then we must take the port to
to ship.. This is done by off-shore docks constructed where the water is
sufficiently deep.

4. What effect will this have on,the congestion of the present ports?

5. From your answers for section I.A., B., and C., what are the three
main reasons for building the supertanker?

6. There is yet another reason for developing the supertanker. Look.at
Figure 2 and.determine what it is.

Extra credit: The pros and cons of an off-shore oil dock in the Delaware.Bay.
(6)

V. D. 1.
(Mar. 4.12)
p. 26

D. The Long Ships

The new breed of tanker, the supertanker, is extremely large.. How does
the supertanker compare in length with areas you are familiar with? Use
the data. given in Table 1 to answer the questions.

Table.1 Data o n selected supertankers

Tonnage Length

165419 523
117,000 974
477,000 1243
500,000 1260.
1,000,000 1600
Compiles from: Coan, E. 1971, Oil Pollution, Sierra, Club Bulletin 56(3),12-16

1. 'Using the graph paper, draw the lengths of the tankers"listed to scale.
Label each line-as the tanker it represents. (It may be desirable
to cut the graph paper lengthwise and then tape these halves end to end.)

2. Rememberingthat there are 5280 feet in a mile, calculate what fraction
of a mile each of the ships represent. Are any of the ships longer than
a quarter of a mile?

3. Walking at 4 mph, how long would it take youto walk the total,length
of the 1600 foot supertanker.

Extra credit: Make any other meaningful comparisons to show the length
of these tankers. (For example, compare to the Empire State Building,
city blocks or locations near your home.)

II. What Causes an Oil Spill?

Dr. Biumer has estimated that 0.1 percent of the total oil production of the
world will end up as an oil spill. It would seem reasonable that if we know
the causes of oil pollution and the approximate amount of the pollution then we
can arriveat solutians to the problem. What are the causes of oil pollution?

List at least four different causes of oil pollution. Use any resources available
at home or in the library.

III. Oil on the Move

When an oil spill occurs it would be very nice if it would simply lie there
patiently waiting to be@cleaned up. This, however, is not the case. An oil
spill that starts out asa small slick,on the ocean (or bay, harbor, or river)
soon becomes a large slick capable of causing mass pollution. In,the first hour
or two the spreading is the greatest. After this, there is only-minimal growth
in the size of the spill.

V. D. 1,
(Mar.. 4.12)
p. 27

PENNSYLVANIA

.PHILADELPHIA

WILMIJGT

NEW JERSEY

DELAWARE
BAY

DELAWARE

ROPOSED
OCATION 0 Shipping
SUPERPORT, bannel 40 ftj
deep

Figure 1: Delaware Bay Shipping Canal

v. D. 1.
(Mar. 4.12)
p. 28

250

200

0
r. 150@
0

bO
r.
0

100

50 Year
1953 1963 lD8 1973 1983 .1993 2003
Actual
Figure 2: Projected East Coast Oil Imports

ol
04

ru
SINGLE BUOY
MOORING FACILITY
IDISCHARGING/LoADING TANKER
MOORING LINES
MOWO MOORING SUOY 0
FLOATING
J/ HOSES

UNDERBUOY HOSES

PIPE LINES TO
SHORS- TANK FARM

MOORING
CWAINS ANCHORS

- - -------- - -

c@
cr) -
1@4

PIPF-LINE TO REFIWERY

TANKS

CRUDE
METER
STATIONS BERTHS

4.i

SUBMARINE PIPELINES

TANKERS

ARTIFICIAL ISLAND

CY)

Z 04

TANK FARM

TWO PRODUCTS OR
TPLANSHIPMENT -BERTHS

SUBMARINE PIPELINES

WISTEIZ STATION

BF
TWO CRUIDE _RTHG

SEA ISLAND'

V. D. 1.
(Mar. 4.12)
p. 32

FILM CRISIS IN THE ESTUARY

1. Define estuary

2. What are three component parts of the estuary?

3. What is the main function of an estuary to an envirorunent?

4. List four factors that affect life in the estuary.

5. List four actions man.has taken which may cause damage to the estuary.

The film is available at the Delaw@re Nature Education C2'nter in Greenville

(no fee)., at the Instructional Film Center, University o;f.Delaware (fee $7),

State Department of Public Instruction, Dover, Delaware, and Milford School

District, Milford,.Delaware,

(Mar. 4.12)
P
33
.

..FILMSTRIP MAN'S NATURAL ENVIRONMENT

CRISIS THROUGH ABUSE - PART I

1. What kinds of pollutants are being poured into Lake Erie and by whom?

2. According to Dr. Commoner, how are city sewage plants helping to strangle Lake Erie?

3# How.are farmers inadvertently polluting Lake Erie and what are the results
of'their'pollution?

4, Whatcaused the oil disaster of 1969 off the coast of Santa Barbara in California?

5. What were the consequences of this,disast er for bird and marine life and
for the shoreline?

6. What two incidents wake up the world to the problems of air pollution?

7. How many tons of pollutants are poured into the atmosphere every day and-by whom?

8. What makes up invisible and visible forms of air pollution9

9. What kinds of things areaffected by air pollution? How?

100, Why can noise also be considered-a form of pollution?

11. What will the construction of a jetport north of the Everglades National Park
do to the welfare of the park?

available at Concord High School's Social 'Studies Resource Center or at
Guidance Associates
Pleasantville, New York.

V.D.1
.(Mar. 4.12)
p. 34

References

Coan, E. 1971. "Oil Pollution,"Sierra Club Bulletin, 56, 3, 12-16.

2.. The Forming of a Colloidal Suspension, Ealing Film Loops, Cambridge, Mass.
02140.

3. Crisis in the Estuary, a film. *(See page 32)..

4. Man's Natural Environment, a film available at Concord High School's Social
Studies Resource Center or at Guidance Associates, Pleasantville,

5. Us S. Deep-Water '' Port Study. Institute of Water Resources, US. Army Corps
of Engineers.

3 6668 14101 0514

V.D.1
.(Mar. 4.12)
p. 34

References

Coan, E. 1971. "Oil Pollution,"Sierra Club Bulletin, 56, 3, 12-16,.

2. The Forming of a Colloidal Suspension, Ealing Film Loops, Cambridge, Mass.
02140.

3. Crisis in the Estuary, a film. (See page 32).

4. Man's Natural Environment a film available at Concord High School's Social
Studies Resource Center or at Guidance Associates, Pleasantville,

5. U. S. Deep-Water Port Study, Institute of Water Resources, U S. Army Corps
of Engineers.