[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]










               COMPREHENSIVE COASTAL INVENTORY PROGRAM


                               FINAL REPORT
                                 t,
                                VOLUME II

                                                   4

                          Coastal Inventory Program
                          Commonwealth of Virginia

                                    and

                       Tidal Rivers Inventory Project
                     Coastal Resource Management Program
                         -Grant No. NA89AA-D-CZ134
                                  Task 2A
                          Grant No. NA88AA-D-CZ091





                                                         COASTAL ZONE
                                 Compiled by
                                                     INFORMATION CENTER
                              Marcia R. Berman
                            J. Berchman Smithson



                           Under the Direction of

                           Dr. Suzette M. Kimball
                          Dr. Carl H. Hershner, Jr.


                     Virginia Institute of Marine Science
                         College of William and Mary
                      Gloucester Point, Virginia 23062





GC
  ~T1018                          Submitted To
1018 
.C66
  .    9 C66           Virginia Council on the Environment
1991
  * v ~.2  ;Richmond, Virginia
        ,.D






                        3roperty of CSC LibraLj
                                                       /




             COMPREHENSIVE COASTAL INVENTORY PROGRAM


                             FINAL REPORT

                               VOLUME II



                        Coastal Inventory Program
                        Commonwealth of Virginia

                                   and

                     Tidal Rivers Inventory Project
                   Coastal Resource Management Program
                        Grant No.  NA89AA-D-CZ134
                                 Task 2A
                        Grant No. NA88AA-D-CZ091





U S DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NOAA Compiled by
COASTAL SERVICES CENTER
2234 SOUTH HOBSON AVENUE    Marcia R. Berman
CHARLESTON, SC 29405-2413J. Berchman Smithson



                         Under the Direction of

                         Dr. Suzette M. Kimball
                        Dr. Carl H. Hershner! Jr.


                   Virginia Institute of Marine Science
                       College of William and Mary
                     Gloucester Point, Virginia 23062





                              Submitted To

                    Virginia Council on the Environment
                           Richmond, Virginia




0






I






I






I


























I



















I













                             TABLE OF CONTENTS

VOLUME I.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS S..
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY                                          . ii

CHAPTER                                                    PAGE

  1. INTRODUCTION ...................................... 1

  2. VIMS SHORELINE COVERAGE ........................... 6

  3. VMRC SHORELINE COVERAGE ........................... 60

 4. MAPPING SCALES .................................... 136

  5. VIDEO COVERAGE .................................... 144

  6. AERIAL IMAGERY .................................... 145

  7. FLIGHT LINE COVERAGE .............................. 162

VOLUME II.

  8. 1989 SHORELINE COVERAGE .1

 9. SHORELINE STABILIZATION COVERAGE .................. 8

 10. SEDIMENT SAMPLE COVERAGE .......................... 21

 11. TIDAL MARSH INVENTORY COVERAGE .................... 69

 12. LEFT/RIGHT BANK COVERAGE .......................... 108

 13. RIVER REACH INFORMATION COVERAGE .................. 111

 14.  PROCEDURE FOR ANALYZING THE HISTORICAL CHANGE IN
     SHORELINE POSITIONS ............................... 143

15.  PROCEDURE FOR ANAYZING THE EFFECTS OF LANDUSE ON
     VEGETATED WETLANDS ................................ 146

16.  PROCEDURE FOR ANALYZING THE SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL
     CHANGES IN WETLAND SPECIES ........................ 161

APPENDIX I ............................................. 167

APPENDIX II ............................................ 172













                           LIST OF FIGURES


FIGURE                                               PAGE

 1. Virginia Marine Resources Commission Shoreline Map
     Index ........................61













                               LIST OF TABLES

TABLE                                                          PAGE

  1.  Shoreline Stabilization Structures, Westmoreland
      County - L6452540 ................................... 12

  2.  Shoreline Stabilization Structures, Westmoreland
      County - R6452540 .................................... 13

  3.  Shoreline Stabilization Structures, Westmoreland
     County - L6302560 .................................... 15

 4.  Shoreline Stabilization Structures, Westmoreland
     County - L6602540 .................................... 17

  5.  Shoreline Stabilization Structures, Westmoreland
      County - L6602520 .................................... 19

  6.  Shoreline Stabilization Structures, Westmoreland
     County - R6602520 .................................... 20

 7a.  Sediment Survey Data - Grain Size Percentages
     Westmoreland County - Foreshore ...................... 46

 7b.  Sediment Survey Data - Grain Size Statistics
     Westmoreland County - Foreshore ...................... 48

 8a.  Sediment Survey Data - Grain Size Percentages
     Westmoreland County - Backshore ...................... 50

8b.  Sediment Survey Data - Grain Size Statistics
     Westmoreland County Backshore ...................... 53

 9.  Westmoreland County Foreshore Slope Inventory ........ 54

10a.  Sediment Survey Data - Grain Size Percentages
     Lancaster County - Foreshore ......................... 56

10b.  Sediment Survey Data - Grain Size Statistics
     Lancaster County - Foreshore ......................... 57

Ila.  Sediment Survey Data - Grain Size Percentages
     Lancaster County - Backshore ......................... 59

l1b.  Sediment Survey Data - Grain Size Statistics
     Lancaster County - Backshore ......................... 60

12.  Lancaster County Foreshore Slope Inventory ........... 62










                         LIST OF TABLES (continued)

TABLE                                                    PAGE

 13a. Sediment Survey Data - Grain Size Percentages
      Richmond County - Foreshore .........................  63

 13b.  Sediment Survey Data - Grain Size Statistics
       Richmond County - Foreshore .........................  64

 14a.  Sediment Survey Data - Grain Size Percentages
       Richmond County - Backshore ..........................65

 14b.  Sediment Survey Data - Grain Size Statistics
       Richmond County - Backshore .........................  66

  15. Richmond County Foreshore Slope Inventory ...........  67

  16. Northumberland County Foreshore Slope Inventory   .....  68













                            APPENDICES


APPENDIX                                                PACE

  1. Completed Topographic Coverages ..........167

  2. High Resolution Shoreline Coverages ........172



















CHAPTER VIII. 1989 SHORELINE COVERAGE








                    VIII. 1989 SHORELINE COVERAGE


      The 1989 vertical photographs collected by VIMS (ref. Chapter 6)
were used to establish the 1989 shoreline position. Registration of the
photographs against known benchmarks was necessary before mapping could
begin. The VMRC shoreline maps (ref. Chapter 3) are registered through
an extensive set of surveyed benchmarks, each identified by a state
plane coordinate pair. These benchmarks are shown on the map. However,
this set of maps does not contain surveyed locations of physical
parameters, such as a house or road intersection, that can be identified
on photographs. The photographs do not show benchmark markers.
Consequently, the photographs could not be mapped directly onto the VMRC
shoreline base.

      The benchmarks used by the VMRC were relocated in the field with
the assistance of VMRC staff. They were used to establish base
reference points for all subsequent field work, which included surveying
the locations of physical features that could be identified in the
photographs. With both the aerial imagery and the shoreline maps keyed
to the state plane coordinate system, overlays of the two shoreline
positions could be made.

      Field efforts were concentrated along a portion of the Potomac
River and the eastern shore of Lower Machodoc Creek in Westmoreland
County. A Topcon GTS-3B infrared digital survey instrument was used for
field surveys. State plane coordinate pairs for each surveyed feature
were subsequently entered into the ARCInfoe format and stored as a GIS
coverage.

      The field surveying, although extremely accurate (error <.02% over
a 12-mile reach), was labor-intensive and prohibitively expensive. It
was determined that field surveying of the 5,000 miles of coastline to
be included eventually in the database was not feasible given the time
and cost constraints dictated by the program scope of work.
Consequently, other methods of annotating photographic benchmarks were
investigated. The method showing the greatest potential in terms of
accuracy (positioning to within 1.5 m), time and cost is a Global
Positioning System (CPS). Acquisition of such a system is planned for
1990-1991 and all subsequent surveying activity will be with GPS
technology.

      Once photographic benchmarks were established, a Bausch & Lomb
ZT4-H Zoom Transfer Scope (ZTS) was used to superimpose the 1989
shoreline image onto the 1976 baseline for transcription. State plane
coordinate values of the photographic control points previously entered
into the database were merged with the VMRC shoreline data coverage and
plotted at 1:7,200. Because the images are scaled at 1:7,200, this
becomes the highest usable resolution, despite the 1:5,000 scale of the
VMRC maps.







      The ZTS uses a system of mirrors and lenses to transfer one image
onto another. With a minimum of two control points in each field of
view (three points are preferable, and more were used in complex areas),
the photographic control points on the prints are adjusted and aligned
with the plotted points on the baseline maps. During this process,
image distortion due to linear stretch and rotation can be diminished or
removed. The position of the shoreline is transcribed by a staff member
who distinguishes tonal changes on the image that are due to variations
in the water content of the foreshore sediments.  The transcribed map
line width is 0.3 mm which is equivalent to 1.5 m ground distance at a
scale of 1:7,200.  Thus, the functional precision of'the transcribed
shoreline position is +/- 1.5 m.

      Once transcribed, the shoreline position is digitized in the same
manner as the 1976 baseline and stored as a data layer. The VMRC
shoreline maps are referenced to mean low water. As it exists, the 1989
shoreline position is not tide-corrected. However, each photograph is
documented in terms of the flight date and time in order to complete
tide-stage corrections. Work is continuing on the development of
algorithms to automatically correct the shoreline position.








































                             2









       COASTAL INVENTORY

AVERAGE TIME AND DISC SPACE USED*

      1989 VIMS SHORELINE


     MAP   I TIME      DISC
   NUMBER  I          SPACE
           II
  6152560  I   .75    135168
  6302560  I   .5      137216
  6452540  I 2.5       30720
  6602520  I 2.75    147456
  6602540  1   .75     30720



  AVERAGE  I 1.45 I  96256


  *TIME IN HOURS, DISC SPACE IN BYTES




































              3



lo~w                                                                                             w








                                                        VIMS SHORELINE COMPARISON STUDY
                                                                        Westmoreland County
                                                                        e'V 1976 VMRC Shoreline
                                                                          4%1989 VIMS Shoreline

                          PO TOWAC RI Vtp













                                                                       01,1



        e               ieee~tor



1 w                  w         w                    w          W         w          w









                                                   VIMS SHORELINE COMPARISON STUDY
                                                               Westmoreland County
                                                               /$V 1976 VMRC Shoreline
                                                               ,// 1989 VIMS Shoreline






                                            4oo




                                -~~      ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~              1600ï¿½k












                            VIMS SHORELINE COMPARISON STUDY
                                        Westmoreland County
                                        4/$' 1976 VMRC Shoreline
                                        A-d/ 1989 VIMS Shoreline








0
                            S\









  5a0      1000



IM lw          M r    o r            NWwwww








                                     VIMS  SHORELINE  COMPARISON  STUDY
                  ,4~~~~~~ \                          ~Westmoreland County
                                               4? 1976 VMRC Shoreline
                                               AX 1989 VIMS Shoreline












I






I
                                                     CHAPTER IX. SHORELINE STABILIZATION COVERAGE





I






I                                                                                          -






I






I






I






0






I






I










                   IX. SHORE STABILIZATION STRUCTURES

      The Shore Stabilization Coverage (STRUC) is the longshore
delineation of man-made mitigation structures along the coast. A
portion of Westmoreland County has been completed and the folio is
presented here at a scale of 1:20,000. The coverage is limited to
riprap, bulkheads, groin fields and jettys which can be easily
identified from the vertical images.

      Delineations were performed using geographically registered
vertical photographs (ref. Chapter 3) and scaled plots of the MRC
shoreline record. A Zoom Transfer Scope was used to transpose the
vertical image onto the computer generated plots of the 1976 shoreline
position at a scale of 1:7200 (photo scale). The digital coverage is
created by digitizing and coding the linear extent of the shoreline
defended by each of the considered mitigation structures. Combinations
of engineering structures were also coded separately. The total length
of a shoreline reach artificially protected can then be computed. This
information is important for assessing the effectiveness of mitigation
structures in halting shore erosion, as well as quantifying the volume
of sediment lost to the littoral system as a result of the defense. The
following documentation contains information pertaining to the STRUC
coverage.





                      GEOGRAPHIC DATA SET DESCRIPTION






                                                 VIMS GIS Lab Prefix STRUCT



Data Layer Name    SHORE STABILIZATION COVERAGE




Description       A COVERAGE OF SHORELINE STRUCTURES INCLUDING RIP RAP.

      BULKHEADS. GROINS AND JETTYS.








Year(s) Collected       1989



Base Maps used for Digitizing      VMRC SHORELINE MAPS


Digitizing Scale 1:7200


Geographic Extent    PORTION OF WESTMORELAND COUNTY




How Collected (Describe):

    THE 1989 VERTICAL PHOTOGRAPHS WERE SUPERIMPOSED ON TO THE VMRC SHORELINE

    MAPS USING A ZOOM TRANSFER SCOPE (ZTS). THE POSITION OF STRUCTURES WERE

    DELINEATED AND THEN DIGITIZED.




Actual/Intended Use or Purpose:

     TO OUANTITATIVELY ASSES THE AMOUNT OF SHORELINE DEFENDED BY ARTIFICIAL

     STABILIZATION METHODS.










       COASTAL INVENTORY

AVERAGE TIME AND DISC SPACE USED*

    1989 SHORELINE STRUCTURES


     MAP     TIME       DISC
   NUMBER              SPACE

  6152560      1.25    135168
  6302560       .75    141312
  6452540      2.5     278528
  6602520      2.75    397312
  6602540      1.0     145408



  AVERAGE  I  1.65 I  219545


  *TIME IN HOURS, DISC SPACE IN BYTES





































              10











              VIMS SHORELINE STRUCTURE  STUDY

                          Wesfmoreland County
                                  MAP NO. 6452540






                                                                  BUU(HEAD
                                                                  JETTY
                                                                  GROIN
                                                                  GROIN/BULKHEAD
                                                              --  GROIN/MU.KHEAD/RIPRAP
                                                                  GROIN/RPRAP
                                                                  BREAKWATER SHOIWIACE DISCONNECTED
                                                             ee  BULKHEAD/RMRAP
                                                              - NO STRUCTURES NOTED





500   16 -0
            C~C
              0~~~~~~~~~~













                 TABLE 1.  SHORELINE STABILIZATION STRUCTURES
                        WESTMORELAND COUNTY - L6452540


Structure        Code         Total Length (m)      Frequency*
.................................................................
Riprap             1              339.03                5
Bulkhead           2               59.63                1
jetty             3               ------                0
groin field       4               351.90                3
breakwater (off)  8                67.20                1
groin/bulk.        9             1212.37                5
groin/rip.       10               130.95                3
gr/bulk/rip.     11               ------                0
bulk/rip.         13             1009.60                1
no structures    22              5975.46               10


* Frequency = number of arcs
Total number of arcs = 29
Total shoreline length = 9,146.14 meters



































                                    12













                TABLE 2. SHORELINE STABILIZATION STRUCTURES
                       WESTMORELAND COUNTY - R6452540


Structure        Code        Total Length (m)      Frequency*

Riprap            1               267.24               5
Bulkhead          2    --- 0
jetty             3              221.24                2
groin field       4                25.82               1
breakwater (off)  8               ------               0
groin/bulk.       9                75.31               1
groin/rip.       10               ------               0
gr/bulk/rip.     11               ------               0
bulk/rip.        13               ------               0
no structures    22              2392.07               8


* Frequency = number of arcs
Total number of arcs = 17
Total shoreline length = 2,981.68 meters


































                                  13



w    ~~~~~~~IW                                    w w                         w        N    W                                          w








                  VIMS SHORELINE STRUCTURE STUDY

                                Westmoreland County

                                        MAP NO. 6302550 ..ORAP
                                                                                          BtMKHEAD
                                                                                          JETTY
                                                                                        " GROIN
                                                                                      - GRON/BULEAD
                                                                                      -- GRON/BULQlEAD/RF1AP
                                                                                          G1MO1G/RIPRAP
                                                   XO                                    -   BAKWATER SHOREFACE DISCOWECTED
                                                                                      :- BtLKHEAD/RIPRAP
          ci                                                                                 -   NO STRIUCTURES NOTED


                                                           'IX










               So tere













                 TABLE 3. SHORELINE STABILIZATION STRUCTURES
                        WESTMORELAND COUNTY - L6302560


Structure        Code        Total Length (m)      Frequency*

Riprap            1              1117.56               5
Bulkhead          2               ------               0
jetty             3               ------               0
groin field       4               353.69               4
breakwater (off)  8               ------               0
groin/bulk.       9              2040.62               7
groin/rip.       10               181.65               2
gr/bulk/rip.     11               ------               0
bulk/rip.        13               ------               0
no structures    22              1647.29               4


* Frequency = number of arcs
Total number of arcs = 22
Total shoreline length = 5,340.81 meters


































                                   15











VIMS SHORELINE STRUCTURE STUDY

             Westmoreland County

                      MAP NO. 6602540                                            .... R.PRAP
                                                                        :. BUJ(FEAD
                                                                            JETTY
                                                                            GRON
                                                                        -   GRON/LHEAD
                                                                        --  GRON/BWJHEAD/WPRAP
                                                                            GROJ/RPIRAP
                                                                            BREAKWATER SHOREFACE DISCONNECTED
                                                                       _    8UJlIMAD/RWRAP
                                                                            NO STRUCTURES NOTED














                                                                       a ~~~~see          loan














                TABLE 4. SHORELINE STABILIZATION STRUCTURES
                       WESTMORELAND COUNTY - L6602540


Structure       Code       Total Length (m)    Frequency*
_________________________________________________________________
Riprap           1              13.3               1
Bulkhead         2             638.31              7
jetty            3              60.53              3
groin field      4             858.21             11
breakwater (off)  8            ------              0
groin/bulk.      9             620.71              7
groin/rip.      10             ------              0
gr/bulk/rip.    11             ------              0
bulk/rip.       13             ------              0
no structures   22            2063.61             13


* Frequency = number of arcs
Total number of arcs = 42
Total shoreline length = 4,254.67 meters




































                                 17



lw            lw                           1w             qw                            ww







           VIMS SHORELINE STRUCTURE STUDY

                        Westmoreland County                               .R..RAP
                               MAP NO. 6602520                                             B1.WAD
                                                                              GROIN
                                                                           -  GROï¿½/BIHEADI
                                                                           --  GRO#N1/BW(HEAD/RPRAP
                   ,LII0  GRON/RFRAP
                                                                           - BREAKWATER SHOREFACE DISCONNECTED
                                                                          ''    BWHfAD/RRAP
                                                                              NO STRJCTURES NOTED













                                                       C,,~~~C

       eote    r      e













             TABLE 5. SHORELINE STABILIZATION STRUCTURES
                        WESTMORELAND COUNTY - L6602520


Structure        Code         Total Length (m)      Frequency*

Riprap             1              986.85                8
Bulkhead           2              ------                0
jetty             3                88.97                2
groin field       4               179.05                2
breakwater (off)  8               ------                0
groin/bulk.        9              ------                0
groin/rip.       10               121.00                1
gr/bulk/rip.     11               ------                0
bulk/rip.         13              ------                0
no structures    22            13,902.72               20


* Frequency = number of arcs
Total number of arcs = 33
Total shoreline length = 15,278.59 meters


































                                   19













          TABLE 6. SHORELINE STABILIZATION STRUCTURES
                 WESTMORELAND COUNTY - R6602520


Structure       Code       Total Length (m)    Frequency*
_________________________________________________________________
Riprap           1             952.09             12
Bulkhead         2             564.52              5
jetty            3    --                           0
groin field      4             419.58              6
breakwater (off)  8            ------              0
groin/bulk.      9            1688.75             10
groin/rip.      10              81.27              2
gr/bulk/rip.    11              23.81              1
bulk/rip.       13             ------              0
no structures   22            3395.97             19


* Frequency = number of arcs
Total number of arcs = 49
Total shoreline length= 7125.99 meters
































                            20




0





0





0
                                     CHAPTER X. SEDIMENT SAMPLE COVERAGE










I





I










                      X. SEDIMENT SAMPLE COVERAGE


     A sediment/slope data coverage (SED) has been incorporated into
the GIS network at VIMS. Sediment size data and shoreface slope
measurements are necessary to forecast potential storm surge incursion
and erosion rates as well as to provide a data base from which to manage
the Commonwealth's sand allocation procedures through the Shoreline
Programs Bureau of the Department of Conservation and Recreation.
Sediment samples and beach slope measurements have been collected from
the backshore and foreshore beach units at 500 meter intervals along the
tidal shorelines , or wherever there is a significant change in sediment
size or beach slope. Beach slope was measured only at the foreshore
with a Brunton Compass.

      Sample locations were plotted and digitized at a scale of 1:24,000
and entered into the GIS framework. Sediment samples were processed at
the VIMS Sediment Laboratory, and grain size distributions have been
calculated using a combination of Rapid Sediment Analyzer (RSA) and
pipette techniques.  The RSA method measures the fall velocity of a
grain and translates the fall velocity into an equivalent grain
diameter. Pipette analysis similarly measures grain diameter as a
function of density and settling time. These techniques are preferable
to mechanical sieving methods when the hydraulic transport
characteristics (e.g., erosion and deposition) of the sediment are of
paramount importance.  All sediment samples are archived at VIMS.
      Grain size percents, standard sediment distribution statistics,
and moment statistics were calculated and entered into the GIS data base
as an attribute by station. Slope measurements are similarly stored as
an attribute table within the SED coverage. The information can be
queried through the system by choosing a site on the sediment station
coverage.  Foreshore and backshore data are stored as separate
attributes.
      Following is a folio of all anticipated sediment station for the
Northern Neck region of Virginia. Maps are represented at a scale of
1:68,000. The current available sediment and slope attribute data for
the Northern Neck is included in tables divided by county. The database
will be updated as more sediment samples are processed.


















                             21





                      GEOGRAPHIC DATA SET DESCRIPTION






                                                VIMS GIS Lab Prefix   SED



Data Layer Name      SEDIMENT SAMPLE COVERAGE




Description       COVERAGE INCLUDES A PLOT OF SAMPLE SITE LOCATIONS.

      SEDIMENT SAMPLE ANALYSIS AND BEACH SLOPE MEASUREMENTS.








Year(s) Collected   1989-1990



Base Maps used for Digitizing USGS TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS (MYLAR MEDIUM)


Digitizing Scale 1:24.000


Geographic Extent    NORTHERN NECK OF VIRGINIA




How Collected (Describe):

    SEDIMENT SAMPLES WERE COLLECTED BY HAND FROM THE FORSHORE AND BACKSHORE

    AT  DESIGNATED  SITES.   FORSHORE  SLOPE  MEASUREMENTS  WERE MADE WITH A

    BRUNTON COMPASS. STATIONS WERE PLOTTED ON TOPO SHEETS AND DIGITIZED.




Actual/Intended Use or Purpose:

     MAP COVERAGE OF SEDIMENT SITES CAN BE OUERIED TO GIVE GRAIN SIZE AND

     BEACH SLOPE INFORMATION TO PREDICT EROSION/DEPOSITION RATES. STORM

     SURGE INCURSION. TIDAL WATER ELEVATIONS AND WAVE RUN-UP CALCULATIONS.


                                 22











 COMPREHENSIVE COASTAL INVENTORY

AVERAGE TIME AND DISC SPACE USED*

   SEDIMENT INVENTORY COVERAGE


     MAP     TIME       DISC
   NUMBER              SPACE

  SED5413       .25     49152
  SED5414       .5      57344
  SED5512      2.0      53248
  SED5513       .75     57344
  SED5514       .25     57344
  SED5515       .25     49152
  SED5612       .25     30720
  SED5614       .5  I   57344
  SED5711       .75     24576
  SED5713      1.0      57344
  SED5714       .5      57344
  SED5810       .5      61440
  SED5811      1.0      49152
  SED5813       .5      57344
  SED5814       .25     49152
  SED5910 1.0           57344
  SED5912       .5      24576
  SED5913       .25     24576
  SED6009       .75     57344
  SED6010 1.0           49152
  SED6011       .75     26624
  SED6012       .75     24576



  AVERAGE  I   .75 I   46918

  *TIME IN HOURS, DISC SPACE IN BYTES


















            23























I             &,\\\\\\\\\YIgi~\lna\\\\\\~\\\~~1;









                                                        SED601i













                VIMS COASTAL  INVENTORIES
                      SEDIMENT SURVEY            * SAMPLE STATION
                           S E D 6 0 1 2         \\UPLAND
                                                   II WATER
                       BURGESS QUAD


                                    24












































                                  SED5513
VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES
    SED IMENT SURVEY          * SAMPLE STATION
              ~S E D 5 5 l. 3   UPLAND
         SED5513
                              II WATER
    CHAMPLAIN QUAD


                25








































  N '  4   ;~~~~~~4




 VIMS  COASTAL  INVENTORIES
      SEDIMENT  SURVEY                   SAMPLE STATION
                                        x, UP LAND
            S E D 5 5 1 5              \xU~N
                                       II   WATER
COLONIAL  BEACH  NORTH  QUAD


                      26








                        0143






~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I 

































        VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIESSD51
             SEDIMENT SURVEY          *SAMPLE STATION

                  S ED5 5 14          \\UIPLAND
                                         I I WATER
       COLONIAL BEACH SOUTHI QUAD


                           27











































                                  SED6009
VIMS COASTAL  INVENTORIES
    SEDIMENT  SURVEY  SAMPLE STATION
                              x\\ UPLAND
         S.E D 6 O 0 9
                              {I WATER
    DELTAVILLE  QUAD


                28








   I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~NK












I~~~~~~~~~~u



I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 




















          VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES          S E DG6 lO
               SEDIMENT SURVEY           *SAMPLE STATION
                     5 E1 6 01 0          \\UIPLAND
                                               I I WATER
                FLEETS BAY QUAD


                               29













































        VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES  SED5912
VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES
    SEDIMENT SURVEY          * SAMPLE STATION
         SED591 2            \\UPLAND
                             II WATER
   HEATHSVILLE QUAD


                30











































VIMS  COASTAL INVENTORIES
    SEDIMENT SURVEY              * SAMPLE STATION
         S E D 5 9 I O          x\\ UPLAND
                                II WATER
      IRVINGTON  QUAD


                  31













                                 jOto














l


















                  VIMS COASTAL  INVENTORIES                SED5813
                       SEDIMENT  SURVEY               * SAMPLE STATION

                            S E D 581 3              \ PLAND
                                                     II WATER
                        KINSALE  QUAD


                                      32











































VIMS COASTAL  INVENTORIES                SE5811
    SEDIMENT SURVEY  SAMPLE STATION
                                ,,5  UPLAND
                                II WATER
       LIVELY QUAD


                  33











































VIMS  COASTAL  INVENTORIES              SED5413
    SEDIMENT  SURVEY               * SAMPLE STATION
         S E D 5 4 1 3\\\UPLAND
                                I I WATER
     LORETTO QUAD


                  34











































VIMS  COASTAL  INVENTORIES                 SE573
     SED IMENT  SURVEY  SAMPLE STATION
               ~S E D 5 7 1 3        UPLAND
                                 II WATER
      MACHODOC QUAD


                  35











































VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES          SED5711
     SEDIMENT SURVEY           * SAMPLE STATION
                                 S5   UPLAND
         S E D 5 7 1 1
                                 II WATER
     MORATTICO QUAD


                  36












I ~ ~     ~     ~    X

                                    O~~~~~~~N
































        VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIESSE51
             SEDIMENT SURVEY           *SAMPLE STATION
                  S ED,5 5 12   U\LPLAND
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I                  II WATER
           MOUNT LANDING QUAD



I                       ~~~~~~~~~~~~37








































-



                              SED5814
VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES
    SEDIMENT SURVEY  SAMPLE STATION
                           ' UPLAND
                           II Il A TER
   PINEY POINT QUAD


               38



























                      sED

















VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES
    SEDIMENT SURVEY          * SAMPLE STATION
         S E D 6 0 1           UPLAND
                              II  WATER
     REEDVILLE QUAD


                39











































                                  SED5414
VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES
    SEDIMENT SURVEY            * SAMPLE STATION
               E D 5 4 lx 4    x UPLAND
         8ED5414
                              II WATER
   ROLLINS FORK QUAD


                 40













































VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES
    SEDIMENT SURVEY            SAMPLE STATION

                              II     WATER
ST CLEMENTS ISLAND QUAD


                 41




I








































                              ED593


                 VIMS COASTAL  INVENTORIES            SED5913
                      SEDIMENT SURVEY             * SAMPLE STATION
                           SED5913                \\\ UPLAND
                                                  II IATER
                   ST GEORGE  ISLAND QUAD



                                   42
































I
46

















 VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES
      SEDIMENT SURVEY          * SAMPLE STATION
          SED5614                UPLAND
                               II WATER
    STRATFORD HALL QUAD



                  43











































VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIESSE52
    SEDIMENT SURVEY           *SAMPLE STATION
              5ED5612        \\\~UPLAND
                             1 1 WATER
   TAPPAIHANNOCK QUAD












































VIMS COASTAL  INVENTORIES            S580
     SEDIMENT SURVEY             * SAMPLE STATION
                S E D 5 8 I1     '' UPLAND
                                  II W  ATER
      URBANNA QUAD


                   45















     Table 7a. SEDIMENT SURVEY DATA
           GRAIN SIZE PERCENTAGES
             WESTMORELAND COUNTY
                 FORESHORE

STATION GRAVEL%   SAND%   SILT%   CLAY%

W1          37.5    61.8       0.7      0.0
W2          43.3    56.0       0.7      0.0
W3           6.4    92.9       0.7      0.0
W4          54.9    44.6       0.5      0.0
W5          30.6    68.6       0.8      0.0
W6          16.1    83.1       0.8      0.0
W7          41.7    57.6       0.7      0.0
W8           7.3    91.4       1.3      0.0
W9          13.9    85.1       1.0      0.0
W10          7.8    91.6       0.6      0.0
Wll         19.3    79.7       1.0      0.0
W12         19.6    79.6       0.8      0.0
W13         43.2    56.0       0.8      0.0
W14         40.4    58.6       1.0      0.0
W20         21.5    78.0       0.5      0.0
W21         35.2    64.4       0.4      0.0
W22          1.5    98.1       0.4      0.0
W23         39.7    59.5       0.8      0.0
W24          0.9    98.5       0.6      0.0
W25          1.2    94.4       4.4      0.0
W26          3.4    95.1       1.5      0.0
W27          2.9    95.3       1.8      0.0
W28          0.0    99.4       0.6      0.0
W29          9.2    90.4       0.4      0.0
W30          4.8    94.8       0.4      0.0
W31         15.6    83.8       0.6      0.0
W32         24.1    75.5       0.4      0.0
W33          6.9    92.6       0.5      0.0
W34         48.3    51.4       0.3      0.0
W35         13.3    86.2       0.5      0.0
W36         36.4    62.9       0.7      0.0
W37         52.9    46.7       0.4      0.0
W38         28.0    71.1       0.9      0.0
W39         23.1    76.3       0.6      0.0
W40         58.3    41.4       0.3      0.0
W41         40.0    59.4       0.6      0.0
W42         66.1    33.2       0.7      0.0
W43         26.9    72.6       0.5      0.0
W44          0.0    99.5       0.5      0.0
W45         12.2    84.1       3.7      0.0
W46         26.9    72.7       0.4      0.0



           46
















    Table 7a. SEDIMENT SURVEY DATA
         GRAIN SIZE PERCENTAGES
           WESTMORELAND COUNTY
                FORESHORE

STATION GRAVEL%   SAND%   SILT%   CLAY%

W47        3.8      95.8      0.4     0.0
W48       22.5      74.1      3.4     0.0
W49        3.3      96.1      0.6     0.0
W50       27.8      71.7      0.5     0.0
W51       10.5      88.5      1.0     0.0
W52        8.9      90.0      1.1     0.0
W59        59.1    39.9       1.0     0.0
W60        26.3    71.9       1.8     0.0
W101         8.9    89.2      1.9     0.0
W102       33.3    64.2       2.5     0.0
W103       58.3    40.5       1.2     0.0
W104         0.2    98.1      1.7     0.0

































           47



                               w  I F w   1w                                  w          w










                               Table 7b.  SEDIMENT SURVEY DATA
                                    GRAIN SIZE STATISTICS
                                     WESTMORELAND COUNTY
                                          FORESHORE

STATION G MEDIAN  G MEAN  G STDEV G SKEWNESS G KURTOSIS M MEAN  M STDEV  M SKEW  M KURT

 W1     1.2718   1.1362  0.6257   -0.3174        0.7220    1.1218  0.6964  -0.5998  4.3659
W2     1.11,47   0.9987  0.5682   -0.2314       0.7263    1.0119  0.6114  -0.0110  4.4987
W3     1.3979   1.3651  0.3456   -0.2492        0.4963    1.3214  0.4611  -1.7750  9.9042
 W4     1.0903   0.9371  0.6239   -0.3413        0.7649    0.9654  0.6358  -0.2046  4.1549
 W5     1.1148   1.0408  0.5770   -0.1149        0.7471    1.0634  0.5995   0.0222  3.8523
 W6     0.7696   0.7199  0.6748   -0.1367        0.8083    0.7065  0.6909  -0.1205  2.7485
 W7     1.1853   1.1132  0.5733   -0.1324        0.7255    1.1463  0.5907   0.1156  4.3104
 W8     1.1287   1.0504  0.5427   -0.2896        0.7954    1.0274  0.5728  -0.6749  4.1354
 W9     0.8963   1.0304  1.0289    0.1281        0.7609    1.0177  0.9680   0.1135  2.1891
 W10    0.9327   0.8121  0.7568   -0.1698        0.7768    0.8572  0.7240  -0.0826  2.6179
 Wll    0.8169   0.8234  0.5051    0.0274        0.8808    0.8321  0.5642   0.6555  5.5918
 W12    1.0104   0.8353  0.6472   -0.3571        0.7271    0.8661  0.6681  -0.1041  3.8087
 W13    -0.8902   0.8141  0.5131   -0.2620       0.8043    0.8225  0.5970   0.2310  6.7119
 W14    0.7440   0.6555  0.6855   -0.1554        0.7666    0.6766  0.6846   0.0091  2.9637
 W20    0.1460   0.0575  0.4901   -0.2388        1.2235    0.0533  0.5445   0.8694  6.9049
 W21   -0.1726  -0.1934  0.4283   -0.0640        1.8378   -0.1504  0.4999   1.2024  8.6459
 W22    0.5115   0.5307  0.4007    0.0262        0.8173    0.5476  0.4770   1.4610 10.3546
 W23    0.7979   1.0065  1.1384    0.2465        1.0988    0.9243  1.0105   0.6410  2.5830
 W24    0.9224   0.9076  0.4273   -0.0876        0.6787    0.9121  0.4878   0.4855  6.1871
 W25    0.8743   1.0344  0.6704    0.3739        0.8489    1.0485  0.6840   0.7991  3.2988
 W26    0.8832   0.8757  0.4975   -0.0492        0.7704    0.8705  0.5498  -0.0292  5.1268
 W27    1.4472   1.5007  0.8792    0.0120        0.6118    1.4714  0.8704  -0.1383  2.4234
 W28    1.0217   1.0684  0.4608    0.1452        0.6320    1.0684  0.4900   0.3836  4.4473
 W29    0.4958   0.4368  0.7320   -0.0199        1.2879    0.5118  0.7546   0.7147  4.6317
 W30    0.7961   0.7906  0.3582   -0.0290        0.6528    0.8112  0.4455   1.1283  8.9187
 W31    0.5993   0.5574  0.7014    0.0580        1.3959    0.6232  0.7351   1.0133  5.2784



w         wv                                                   - w       w          v    ' w  w








                                   Table 7b. SEDIMENT SURVEY DATA
                                        GRAIN SIZE STATISTICS
                                         WESTMORELAND COUNTY
                                              FORESHORE

     STATION G_MEDIAN  G_MEAN  G_STDEV G_SKEWN G_KURTO  M_MEAN M_STDEV M_SKEW   M_KURT

     W32      0.9495   0.9900  0.5939   0.2172  0.9429  1.0384  0.6451  1.0202   5.1440
     W33      0.9663   0.9921  0.7236   0.1064  1.0488  1.0330  0.7198  0.4920   3.6153
     W34      0.9882   0.9749  0.5612  -0.0372  0.6818  0.9801  0.6341  0.0123   4.3824
     W35      1.2212   1.1897  0.4707  -0.1905  0.6698  1.1531  0.5351 -1.1216   6.1884
     W36      0.8683   0.8259  0.4850  -0.0708  0.7640  0.8467  0.5394  0.1024   4.7719
     W37      0.6777   0.5105  0.7516  -0.2776  0.9594  0.5625  0.8005  0.3633   4.3660
     W38      1.1296   1.0789  0.5610  -0.2102  0.8896  1.0587  0.5822 -0.6143   4.2596
     W39      0.9230   0.8829  0.4065  -0.2122  0.7241  0.8743  0.4436 -0.0954   5.2938
     W40      0.3265   0.2287  0.8316   0.0270  1.4474  0.3448  0.8723  1.1182   4.8838
     W41      0.5346   0.4647  0.8323   0.0010  1.1018  0.5495  0.8683  0.7498   4.0120
     W42      0.5379   0.5061  0.8397   0.1140  1.4485  0.6184  0.8919  1.1311   4.5506
     W43      0.3282   0.2893  0.4896  -0.0431  1.0783  0.3747  0.7133  2.3285  11.5625
     W44      1.0316   1.0964  0.3553   0.3249  0.5253  1.1215  0.4343  1.5964   9.3600
     W45      0.9118   0.8282  0.8657  -0.1371  1.0303  0.8511  0.8609  0.0216   3.3433
     W46     -0.1757  -0.1905  0.4394   0.0137  2.1910 -0.1582  0.4907  1.6710  10.5263
     W47      0.6854   0.6160  0.4365  -0.2294  0.7480  0.6295  0.4927  0.5881   7.8986
     W48      0.8812   0.7661  0.8413  -0.1433  0.8466  0.8024  0.8858  0.3885   3.4143
     W49      0.8477   0.6594  0.6750  -0.3428  0.7104  0.6623  0.7363  0.3208   3.8131
     W50      0.8416   0.7253  0.4392  -0.4454  0.7825  0.7502  0.5605  0.8184   9.2915
     W51      1.1545   1.1246  0.5408  -0.1039  0.8023  1.1179  0.5990 -0.1867   4.8073
     W52      1.2130   1.1598  0.6389  -0.2401  0.8800  1.1193  0.6725 -0.9459   4.6325
     W59      0.8589   0.8344  0.7422   0.0145  1.0958  0.8684  0.7678  0.5832   4.4084
     W60      0.5845   0.5543  0.8587   0.0919  1.3360  0.6416  0.8738  1.0077   4.7568
     W101     0.4948   0.5583  0.7600   0.1402  0.7889  0.6042  0.8147  0.8285   4.1308
     W102     1.3860   1.1854  0.7877  -0.3802  0.7107  1.2050  0.8091 -0.4215   3.1595
      W103     0.9181   0.7762  0.7410  -0.2757  0.8021  0.7886  0.7510 -0.1412   3.2338
      W104     0.8794   0.8689  0.5203  -0.0249  0.6518  0.8762  0.5712  0.1570   4.6656















    Table 8a. SEDIMENT SURVEY DATA
         GRAIN SIZE PERCENTAGES
           WESTMORELAND COUNTY
                BACKSHORE

STATION  GRAVEL%   SAND%   SILT%   CLAY%

W1            2.5    96.6      0.9      0.0
W2           88.4    10.6      1.0      0.0
W3            0.0    98.9      1.1      0.0
W4           33.5    65.7      0.8      0.0
W5            4.7    94.9      0.4      0.0
W6            0.0    98.9      1.1      0.0
W7            1.4    97.6      1.0      0.0
W8            5.9    93.4      0.7      0.0
W9            0.5    98.5      1.0      0.0
W10           0.0    99.1      0.9      0.0
Wll           0.0    99.4      0.6      0.0
W12          18.9    80.7      0.4      0.0
W13           0.2    99.1      0.7      0.0
W14           0.0    98.7      1.3      0.0
W20           5.4    94.0      0.6      0.0
W21           0.8    98.4      0.8      0.0
W22           0.0    99.7      0.3      0.0
W23           0.0    99.1      0.9      0.0
W24           0.0    99.7      0.3      0.0
W25           0.0    99.4      0.6      0.0
W26           0.0    99.1      0.9      0.0
W27           0.0    98.4      1.6      0.0
W28           2.7    96.6      0.7      0.0
W29           0.0    98.8      1.2      0.0
W30           0.0    99.6      0.4      0.0
W31           0.0    99.6      0.4      0.0
W32           0.0    99.3      0.7      0.0
W33           0.1    99.2      0.7      0.0
W34           3.0    96.5      0.5      0.0
W35          64.1    35.6      0.3      0.0
W36           0.0    99.4      0.6      0.0
W37          47.6    52.1      0.3      0.0
W38           0.0    99.1      0.9      0.0
W39          13.5    86.1      0.4      0.0
W40          10.3    89.5      0.2      0.0
W41           3.4    95.9      0.7      0.0
W42           0.4    99.1      0.5      0.0
W43           0.0    99.5      0.5      0.0
v  W44       46.8    52.7      0.5      0.0





           50

















    Table 8a. SEDIMENT SURVEY DATA
        GRAIN SIZE PERCENTAGES
          WESTMORELAND COUNTY
              BACKSHORE

STATION  GRAVEL%   SAND%   SILT%   CLAY%

W45           9.5    75.6    14.9      0.0
W46           0.1    99.5      0.4     0.0
W47          30.6    69.1      0.3     0.0
W48           1.0    98.5      0.5     0.0
W49          41.1    58.4      0.5     0.0
W50           0.0    99.6      0.4     0.0
W51           0.0    99.3      0.7     0.0
W52           0.2    99.3      0.5     0.0
W59           0.0    98.4      1.6     0.0
W60           0.0    98.2      1.8     0.0
W101          0.3    97.1      2.6     0.0
W102          2.3    94.6      3.1     0.0
W104          2.7    95.5      1.8     0.0































          51













                               Table 8b. SEDIMENT SURVEY DATA
                                    GRAIN SIZE STATISTICS
                                     WESTMORELAND COUNTY
                                          BACKSHORE

STATION  GMEDIAN  GMEAN  GSTDEV  GSKEWN  GKURTO MMEAN  M_STDEV  M_SKEW   M_KURT

W1        1.5752   1.6091  0.2894   0.1814   0.3466  1.6079  0.3212   0.0567   6.6958
W2        1.1848   1.1380  0.6741  -0.0350   0.8700  1.1655  0.6869   0.3068   3.6100
W3        1.4727   1.4775  0.2445   0.0246   0.3288  1.4707  0.3292  -1.3127  17.5485
W4        1.2176   1.1851  0.3740  -0.1427   0.5465  1.1694  0.4807  -0.8045.  8.4677
W5        1.4962   1.5221  0.3065   0.1321   0.3739  1.5151  0.3835  -1.1542  13.4765
W6        1.2617   1.2579  0.3968   0.0002   0.5430  1.2575  0.4250   0.0426   4.6310
W7        1.4565   1.4885  0.3142   0.2123   0.4187  1.4884  0.4024  -1.0535  12.3006
W8        1.4300   1.4332  0.3831   0.0078   0.4383  1.4283  0.4245  -0.2558   6.6903
W9        1.7190   1.7097  0.5261  -0.0157   0.4246  1.7041  0.5448  -0.1810   3.2575
W10       1.7668   1.7609  0.2626  -0.0444   0.2849  1.7518  0.3489  -1.4224  16.7051
Wll       1.2387   1.2737  0.3047   0.1988   0.4467  1.2772  0.3701   0.0679  10.2750
W12       1.0282   1.0328  0.3920   0.0025   0.5772  1.0305  0.4501   0.3943   7.5239
W13       1.2824   1.2665  0.3667  -0.1351   0.5276  1.2565  0.4162  -0.3605   7.5968
W14       1.4070   1.4391  0.3773   0.1662   0.4476  1.4534  0.4379   0.7370   6.7789
W20       0.2108   0.1639  0.5188  -0.1429   0.9577  0.1817  0.5669   0.6927   6.1046
W21       0.5619   0.5129  0.3699  -0.1865   0.7346  0.5160  0.4195   0.6256   8.3426
W22       1.1627   1.1413  0.2371  -0.1173   0.3947  1.1429  0.3072  -0.5477  11.5244
W23       1.6082   1.7412  0.6185   0.2945   0.4739  1.7317  0.6469   0.2337   3.9977
W24       1.1248   1.1409  0.2906   0.1124   0.4545  1.1488  0.3560   0.4065  10.1915
W25       1.3258   1.3487  0.3118   0.1298   0.4146  1.3478  0.3584  -0.3688  10.2952
W26       1.4172   1.3942  0.3437  -0.1170   0.4434  1.3854  0.3902  -0.5995   6.5968
W27       1.2098   1.3228  0.5263   0.3270   0.5816  1.3230  0.5542   0.5476   4.0529
W28       0.5939   0.6508  0.5882   0.1636   0.9887  0.6632  0.5989   0.6473   3.6271
W29       1.0942   1.0746  0.5587  -0.0430   0.6597  1.0731  0.5881  -0.0643   3.7902
W30       1.2913   1.2979  0.2504   0.0584   0.3614  1.2978  0.2968  -0.4514  11.6451
W31       1.0423   1.0652  0.3230   0.1433   0.4937  1.0772  0.3980   0.9386   9.4694



    w  w                 w         w                    W          w         w          w         w










                               Table 8b. SEDIMENT SURVEY DATA
                                    GRAIN SIZE STATISTICS
                                     WESTMORELAND COUNTY
                                          BACKSHORE

STATION  G_MEDIAN  G_MEAN  G_STDEV  G_SKEWN  G_KURTO  M_MEAN  M_STDEV  M_SKEW   M_KURT

W32       1.3522   1.3800   0.3648   0.1694  0.4784   1.3978  0.4508   0.5729   8.7806
W33       1.2561   1.3679   0.6138   0.2560  0.5804   1.3595  0.6290   0.2939   3.6052
W34       1.5645   1.5749   0.2860   0.0803  0.3423   1,5811  0.3798  -0.6618  15.8557
W35       1.3886   1.4080   0.3041   0.0699  0.4036   1.3971  0.3877  -0.4322  10.7078
W36       1.5458   1.5658   0.4247   0.0043  0.4029   1.5463  0.4606  -0.9795   6.9221
W37       1.1936   1.1806- 0.2703  -0.0738  0.4098   1.-1827  0.3385   0.26264 11.4017
W38       1.4477   1.4938   0.3792   0.1516  0.4177   1.4819  0.4331  -0.4433   7.4816
W39       1.1869   1.1909   0.3067   0.0136  0.4608   1.1827  0.3663  -0.2692   7.4560
W40       0.9129   0.5638   0.8020  -0.5129  1.0680   0.7126  0.7864  -0.3802   3.9782
W41       0.7160   0.6950   0.4719  -0.0218  0.7258   0.7284  0.5630   0.9414   6.3832
W42       0.9847   1.0109   0.5350   0.1669  0.9470   1.0419  0.6515   0.9418   7.1869
W43       0.7533   0.7410   0.2674  -0.0949  0.5658   0.7757  0.4841   2.8929  20.8250
W44       0.3787   0.4246   0.7430   0.2452  1.2622   0.5221  0.7957   1.2604   5.0119
W45       0.3804   0.2915   0.7820  -0.0252  1.3139  0.4125   0.8874   1.2544   5.8048
W46       0.8115   0.8025   0.3241  -0.0088  0.6709  0.8274   0.4391   2.2874  16.7164
W47       0.0819   0.1204   0.5364   0.0664  1.4355  0.1291   0.6032   0.9193   5.7032
W48       1.2632   1.2278   0.4616  -0.1490  0.6373  1.2231   0.5209  -0.3687   5.3541
W49       0.7643   0.7427   0.6679  -0.0283  0.9918  0.7460   0.7161   0.2603   3.8745
W50       1.0521   1.0402   0.1981  -0.1000  0.3663  1.0455   0.2935   1.4328  18.4176
W51       1.1901   1.1868   0.3021  -0.0487  0.4898  1.1917   0.4261   0.8899  13.8917
W52       1.2097   1.2090   0.2842  -0.0065  0.4212  1.2091   0.3410  -0.1026   9.2859
W59       1.1178   1.1394   0.3103   0.1119  0.4805  1.1531   0.4106   1.1714  11.4415
W60       1.3899   1.4058   0.2804   0.0983  0.3661  1.4018   0.3805  -0.5874  17.1334
W101      1.0745   1.0336   0.4538  -0.1528  0.5875  1.0321   0.4894  -0.0797   4.7064
W102      1.4313   1.4022   0.3831  -0.1498  0.4602  1.3877   0.4538  -0.6843   7.1855
W104      0.7769   0.7432   0.6562  -0.0608  0.7393  0.7583   0.6415   0.1388   2.6032













           TABLE 9. WESTMORELAND COUNTY
             FORESHORE SLOPE INVENTORY


Station ID              Slope (degrees)

   W1                        21.5
   W2                        11.0
   W3                         9.5
   W4                         6.0
   W5                         8.5
   W6                         9.5
   W7                         7.0
   W8                         8.0
   W9                         8.0
   W10                       10.0
   Wll                        6.0
   W12                        6.0
   W13                        5.0
   W14                        5.0
   W20                        7.0
   W21                        6.0
   W22                       10.0
   W23                        7.5
   W24                        6.5
   W25                        4.0
   W26                        6.5
   W27                        7.0
   W28                       11.0
   W29                        3.0
   W30                        7.5
   W31                        8.0
   W32                        7.0
   W33                        8.5
   W34                       10.0
   W35                        7.5
   W36                        6.0
   W37                        9.5
   W38                       10.5
   W39                        9.5
   W40                        7.5
   W41                        8.0
   W42                        9.5
   W43                        9.5
   W44                       10.0
   W45                        9.5
   W46                        9.0
   W47                        9.5
   W48                        6.5



                      54










               WESTMORELAND COUNTY
            FORESHORE SLOPE INVENTORY

Station ID               Slope (degrees)

  W49                       8.5
  W50                       6.5
  W51                       6.5
  W52                       6.5
   W101                      7.5
   W102                      6.0
   W103                      8.2
   W104                      6.5















































                     55

















   Table 10a. SEDIMENT SURVEY DATA
        GRAIN SIZE PERCENTAGES
           LANCASTER COUNTY
                FORESHORE

STATION GRAVEL%   SAND%   SILT%   CLAY%

L1          18.0    81.5      0.5      0.0
L2           2.8    96.8      0.4      0.0
L3           4.2    95.4      0.4      0.0
L4           6.1    93.3      0.6      0.0
L5           0.9    98.6      0.5      0.0
L6           5.8    93.8      0.4      0.0
L7           1.9    97.6      0.5      0.0
L8           2.2    97.3      0.5      0.0
L9         10.7    89.0       0.3      0.0
L10         10.5    89.4      0.1      0.0
Lll 1.0    98.4               0.6      0.0
L12          4.2    95.6      0.2      0.0
L13          0.0    99.7      0.3      0.0
L14          0.2    99.3      0.5      0.0
L15        13.0    86.4       0.6      0.0
L16          0.9    98.6      0.5      0.0
L17          0.0    99.5      0.5      0.0
L18         0.3    99,7       0.0      0.0
L19          1.3    98.2      0.5      0.0
L20          0.1    99.2      0.7      0.0
L21          0.0    99.6      0.4      0.0
L22          4.3    95.1      0.6      0.0
L23          2.0    97.7      0.3      0.0
L24        18.8    80.7       0.5      0.0
L25         12.0    87.5      0.5      0.0
L26          8.5    90.9      0.6      0.0
L27        43.1    55.8       1.1      0.0
L28        22.8    75.9       1.3      0.0
L29          3.3    94.8      1.9      0.0
L30          1.6    96.8      1.6      0.0













           56



w                              w -   -    w          w         w          w          w         w          w










                                 Table 10b. SEDIMENT SURVEY DATA
                                        GRAIN SIZE STATISTICS
                                          LANCASTER COUNTY
                                             FORESHORE

      STATION G MEDIAN  GMEAN  G STDEV  GSKEWN  G KURTO  MMEAN  MSTDEV  MSKEW   MKURT

      L1       0.6063   0.5375   0.6267  -0.1537  0.9126   0.5482  0.6446   0.1710   3.6003
      L2       0.3595   0.3617   0.4922  -0.0332  0.9229   0.3830  0.5660   0.8954   6.7553
      L3       0.3053   0.3681   0.5618   0.1889  0.9031   0.4090  0.6090   0.9132   4.6828
      L4       0.2428   0.2763   0.5767   0.0704  1.1714   0.3015  0.6398   1.2573   7.4641
      L5       0.5837   0.5671   0.4522  -0.0682  0.8580   0.5746  0.4867   0.5056   5.7361
      L6       0.1107   0.0832   0.5728  -0.0215  1.1852   0.1182  0.6025   0.7982   5.1259
      L7       0.4477   0.4352   0.4377  -0.0056  0.9141   0.4899  0.5803   2.0699  11.5242
      L8       0.6581   0.6322   0.3311  -0.1357  0.7036   0.6394  0.3905   1.1328  11.4603
      L9      -0.0601  -0.0466   0.5203   0.1559  1.8150   0.0330  0.6812   2.5069  13.0513
      L10      0.0415  -0.0020   0.4795  -0.0852  1.5587   0.0615  0.6176   1.9689  11.2481
      Lll      0.5762   0.5595   0.4274  -0.0727  0.7836   0.5686  0.5030   0.9421   9.2625
      L12      0.0311   0.0323   0.5315   0.0927  1.5006   0.0944  0.6750   2.1360  10.6280
      L13      0.7193   0.6971   0.3034  -0.0781  0.6996   0.7268  0.4279   2.0424  16.3847
      L14      0.7182   0.6699   0.5052  -0.0629  0.8059   0.7069  0.5430   0.5105   4.5889
      L15      0.7358   0.6310   0.8483  -0.1352  1.0633   0.6379  0.8786   0.0855   3.0303
      L16      1.2831   1.2950   0.5467   0.0347  0.5902   1.2885  0.5875  -0.1935   4.7020
      L17      1.3090   1.3033   0.4294  -0.0501  0.5360   1.2854  0.4709  -0.7872   6.3947
      L18      0.8481   0.8320   0.3448  -0.1079  0.6182   0.8260  0.4251   0.1699   8.1669
      L19      0.9623   0.9815   0.7069  -0.0121  0.8021   0.9512  0.7351  -0.0714   3.6395
      L20      1.3714   1.3956   0.5259   0.0216  0.6168   1.3713  0.5496  -0.3802   4.5635
      L21      0.9147   0.9318   0.5358   0.0877  0.7266   0.9471  0.5805   0.7600   5.4911
      L22      0.8414   0.7675   0.6904  -0.1403  0.7718   0.7898  0.7097   0.3125   3.6459
      L23      0.8648   0.7851   0.5686  -0.1616  0.6652   0.8158  0.6008   0.3186   4.3191
      L24      0.4762   0.3916   0.5909  -0.1587  0.9540   0.4427  0.6424   0.8373   5.9245
      L25      0.3137   0.2848   0.6006  -0.0474  0.9910   0.3035  0.6323   0.6504   4.9139
      L26      0.3821   0.3154   0.6358  -0.0947  1.2941   0.3726  0.6733   0.5785   4.7405



lw    M          r             w                    w          w                    w          w











                                Table 10b. SEDIMENT SURVEY DATA
                                      GRAIN SIZE STATISTICS
                                        LANCASTER COUNTY
                                           FORESHORE

      STATION G_MEDIAN  G_MEAN G_STDEV G_SKEWN G_KURTO  M_MEAN  M_STDEV  M_SKEW  M_KURT

      L27     -0.0618  0.2284  0.9162  0.5064  1.2769   0.3107  0.9897   1.2755  4.4423
      L28      0.1475  0.2938  0.8472  0.2354  0.9295   0.2868  0.8249   0.5051  2.2920
      L29      1.1688  0.8795  0.7780 -0.4954  0.8346   0.9462  0.8115  -0.3150  3.5330
      L30      0.6277  0.6191  0.6451 -0.0311  1.0777   0.6107  0.6511   0.1789  3.4904

















   Table la. SEDIMENT SURVEY DATA
        GRAIN SIZE PERCENTAGES
           LANCASTER COUNTY
                BACKSHORE

STATION GRAVEL%   SAND%   SILT%   CLAY%

L1           8.9    90.8      0.3      0.0
L2           0.9    98.6      0.5      0.0
L3           0.1    99.2      0.7      0.0
L4           0.0    99.5      0.5      0.0
L5           0.0    99.5      0.5      0.0
L6           0.0    99.8      0.2      0.0
L7           0.0    99.7i    0.3       0.0
L8           0.3    99.3      0.4      0.0
L9           2.1    97.6      0.3      0.0
L10          0.0    99.7      0.3      0.0
Lll          0.0    99.8      0.2      0.0
L12          0.0    99.9      0.1      0.0
L13          0.0    99.7      0.3      0.0
L14          0.0    99.3      0.7      0.0
L15          0.1    99.5      0.4      0.0
L16          6.9    92.0      1.1      0.0
L17          0.0    99.4      0.6      0.0
L18         11.4    88.5      0.1      0.0
L19          0.0    97.2      2.8      0.0
L20          0.0    98.7      1.3      0.0
L21          0.0    99.8      0.2      0.0
L22          0.2    99.6      0.2      0.0
L23          0.0    99.8      0.2      0.0
L24          0.0    99.7      0.3      0.0
L25          4.2    95.5      0.3      0.0
L26          0.0    99.2      0.8      0.0
L27          0.0    98.2      1.8      0.0
L28          0.0    98.9      1.1      0.0
L29          0.0    98.5      1.5      0.0
L30          1.1    97.7      1.2      0.0












           59



1 w                  w                   w                         w               w          w










                                 Table Ilb. SEDIMENT SURVEY DATA
                                       GRAIN SIZE STATISTICS
                                         LANCASTER COUNTY
                                            BACKSHORE

      STATION GMEDIAN  GMEAN  GSTDEV  GSKEWN GKURTO  MMEAN  MSTDEV  M_SKEW   M_KURT

      L1       1.1309   1.0881   0.4841  -0.1915  0.7077  1.0697  0.5470  -0.5605   5.4967
      L2       1.0419   1.0897   0.5327   0.1195  0.7522  1.0965  0.6297   0.5406   6.2936
      L3       0.9161   0.9212   0.4910   0.0665  0.6876  0.9474  0.5301   0.7835   5.8942
      L4       1.1177   1.1334   0.3779   0.0911  0.5368  1.1528  0.4781   0.8470   8.9261
      L5       0.9465   0.9342   0.4336  -0.0724  0.6498  0.9515  0.5203   1.0034   9.2268
      L6       0.7166   0.7346   0.4407   0.i1139  0.7484  0.7581  0.4893   0.7451   5.6697
0"o ï¿½L7       0.7981   0.7695   0.3400  -0.1258  0.6156  0.7758  0.4359   1.3760  15.6959
      L8       0.9163   0.9185   0.3365  -0.0394  0.6019  0.9405  0.4854   2.1944  14.1352
      L9       0.9943   0.9529   0.4444  -0.1792  0.6888  0.9580  0.5269   0.6387   8.0728
      L10      1.1945   1.2067   0.3299  -0.0098  0.5170  1.2031  0.4071   0.4105   8.2218
      Lll      1.2917   1.2863   0.2324  -0.0291  0.3590  1.3079  0.4289   1.3501  18.7101
      L12      0.9288   0.9033   0.3478  -0.1492  0.6092  0.9015  0.4215  -0.1678   8.1517
      L13      1.1653   1.1653   0.3270  -0.0157  0.4827  1.1596  0.3846  -0.2275   8.8059
      L14      0.9867   1.0184   0.6216   0.0645  0.8235  1.0149  0.6331   0.1845   3.6684
      L15      1.5919   1.5986   0.3997   0.0160  0.4513  1.6051  0.4925   0.4645   6.6641
      L16      1.2673   1.2782   0.9459  -0.0360  0.6198  1.2706  0.9443  -0.1318   2.2269
      L17      1.5378   1.5333   0.4255  -0.0551  0.4528  1.5215  0.4830  -0.7277   7.5365
      L18      0.7997   0.7149   0.5260  -0.3242  0.9330  0.6997  0.5651  -0.5628   4.5888
      L19      1.9664   1.8264   0.6739  -0.3396  0.5544  1.8094  0.6984  -0.8632   3.7219
      L20      1.4956   1.5294   0.3993   0.1289  0.4490  1.5295  0.4674  -0.0275   9.0580
      L21      1.5805   1.5814   0.2800   0.0007  0.3510  1.5812  0.3809  -0.0105  14.5239
      L22      1.4014   1.3788   0.3263  -0.1296  0.4524  1.3804  0.4652   0.2481  12.2284
      L23      1.2897   1.2868   0.3336  -0.0303  0.4187  1.2942  0.3967   0.8021   8.5445
      L24      1.1686   1.1788   0.4272   0.0871  0.6303  1.2060  0.5159   1.1486   8.3017
      L25      0.5912   0.5588   0.5127  -0.1046  0.9384  0.5553  0.5430  -0.1277   4.1520
      L26      1.2327   1.2584   0.3993   0.1230  0.4885  1.2708  0.4566   0.6463   7.4611












                           Table llb. SEDIMENT SURVEY DATA
                                GRAIN SIZE STATISTICS
                                   LANCASTER COUNTY
                                       BACKSHORE

STATION G_MEDIAN  G_MEAN  G_STDEV  G_SKEWN G_KURTO  M_MEAN  M_STDEV  M_SKEW   M_KURT

L27      1.5111   1.5178  0.2894   0.0036  0.3519   1.5105  0.3457  -0.2752   8.9087
L28      1.5061   1.4669  0.3774  -0.1654  0.4185   1.4612  0.4299  -0.4299   6.4050
L29      1.0428   1.0329  0.4452  -0.0888  0.6106   1.0338  0.5276   0.0721   7.3261
L30      0.7540   0.7103  0.7646  -0.0507  0.6824   0.7139  0.7609   0.1068   2.0798













   TABLE 12. LANCASTER COUNTY
    FORESHORE SLOPE INVENTORY


0  Station ID            Slope (degrees)

   L1                         6.5
   L2                         6.5
   L3                         9.0
   L4                         9.5
   L5                        10.0
   L6                         7.0
   L7                         6.0
   L8                         5.0
   L9                         5.5
   L10                        5.5
    L11                      10.0
   L12                       10.0
   L13                       10.0
   L14                        6.0
   L15                       10.5
   L16                        8.5
   L17                        6.0
   L18                        6.0
   L19                        6.5
   L20                        7.0
   L21                        8.5
   L22                       10.0
   L23                        5.5
   L24                        8.5
   L25                        9.5
   L26                       11.0
   L27                       11.5
   L28                        8.5
   L29                         9.0
   L30                        7.0

















             62

















   Table 13a. SEDIMENT SURVEY DATA
        GRAIN SIZE PERCENTAGES
           RICHMOND COUNTY
              FORESHORE

STATION GRAVEL%   SAND%   SILT%   CLAY%

R1           1.0    96.9      2.1     0.0
R2         12.0    86.7       1.3     0.0
R3         10.7    87.6       1.7     0.0
R4          7.1    91.7       1.2     0.0
R5           0.5    97.4      2.1     0.0
R6          1.1    96.7       2.2     0.0
R7         71.3    27.1       1.6     0.0
R8          2.1    96.3       1.6     0.0
R9         13.8    70.9    15.3       0.0
R10        33.5    64.7       1.8     0.0


































           63












                             Tables 13b. SEDIMENT SURVEY DATA
                                  GRAIN SIZE STATISTICS
                                     RICHMOND COUNTY
                                         FORESHORE

STATION GMEDIAN  GMEAN G STDEV  GSKEWN  GKURTO  MMEAN  MSTDEV  M SKEW  MKURT

R1       1.1937   1.1118  0.5656  -0.2285  0.6404   1.1015  0.5847  -0.3899  3.6972
R2       0.2197   0.2937  0.6901   0.1525  1.1561   0.3040  0.7124   0.9215  4.8681
R3       0.5103   0.4400  0.8436  -0.0944  0.8244   0.4622  0.8291   0.0522  2.2828
R4       0.6102   0.6302  0.7114   0.0608  0.8096   0.6331  0.7322   0.2947  3.0351
R5       1.0264   0.9727  0.5507  -0.1441  0.6227   0.9790  0.5910   0.0507  4.9251
R6       1.3183   1.2583  0.4028  -0.2555  0.4951   1.2450  0.4654  -0.9582  7.2409
R7       0.1606   0.3489  0.9850  -0.2555. 0.8803.  0.4096  1.0285   0.6928  3.0316
R8       1.0494   1.0608  0.5423  -0.0095  0.6829   1.0467  0.5442  -0.2390  3.3642
R9       1.8220   1.8496  1.0538  -0.0569  0.6506   1.7988  1.0048  -0.3062  2.4993
R10      1.0087   0.8560  0.9121  -0.1958  0.7226   0.8662  0.9251   0.0135  2.2895

















   Table 14a. SEDIMENT SURVEY DATA
        GRAIN SIZE PERCENTAGES
            RICHMOND COUNTY
               BACKSHORE

STATION GRAVEL%   SAND%   SILT%   CLAY%

R1          2.3    96.3       1.4     0.0
R2           0.1    97.2      2.7     0.0
R3          9.5    88.9       1.6     0.0
R4          0.0    98.2       1.8     0.0
R5           0.0    97.5      2.5     0.0
R7         27.3    70.2       2.5     0.0
R8           0.0    97.7      2.3     0.0
R9           4.2    90.7      5.1     0.0
R10        16.3    82.0       1.7     0.0



































           65













                              Table 14b. SEDIMENT SURVEY DATA
                                   GRAIN SIZE STATISTICS
                                     RICHMOND COUNTY
                                        BACKSHORE

STATION GMEDIAN  GMEAN  GSTDEV  GSKEWN GKURTO  MMEAN  M STDEV  MSKEW  M KURT

R1       0.5673   0.5827  0.7318   0.0259  0.8047   0.5893  0.7394   0.2779  2.8913
R2       1.1960   1.1418  0.4410  -0.2932  0.6463   1.1194  0.5007  -0.4588  6.8571
R3       0.4694   0.4852  0.6664   0.0270  0.9984   0.4983  0.7437   0.9879  5.6149
R4       1.5206   1.5034  0.3286  -0.1686  0.4213   1.4747  0.3801  -1.0774  6.4217
R5       1.2862   1.2488  0.4159  -0.1267  0.4759   1.2561  0.4764   0.2513  7.0692
R7       0.9289   0.7378  0.8932  -0.2618  0.7614   0.7882  0.9010  -0.0141  2.5827
R8       1.5321   1.5198  0.3381  -0.0714  0.3936   1.5100  0.3945  -1.0048  8.6754
R9       1.3614   1.2405  0.6410  -0.3751  0.7612   1.2305  0.7239  -0.4698  5.2671
R10      1.2059   0.9641  0.7864  -0.4089  0.7522   1.0173  0.8495   0.0007  3.7944














             TABLE 15. RICHMOND COUNTY
              FORESHORE SLOPE INVENTORY


Station ID                     Slope (degrees)

   R1                                12.5
   R2                                 9.5
  R3                                 9.5
  R4                                 5.5
  R5                                 6.5
  R6                                11.0
  R7                                 8.3
  R8                                10.0
  R9                                 4.5
  R10                                8.0
  Rll                                9.0
  R12                               14.0
  R13                               19.0
  R14                               14.0
  R15                               15.0
  R16                               14.0
  R17                               13.0
  R18                               15.0
  R19                                5.0
  R20                               11.0
  R21                               15.0
  R22                               15.0
  R23                               16.0
  R24                               12.0
  R25                               15.0
  R26                               21.0
  R27                               15.0
  R28                               14.0
  R29                               18.0
  R30                               18.0
  R31                               15.0
  R32                               15.0
  R33                               10.0
  R34                               15.0













                      67














      TABLE 16.   NORTHUMBERLAND COUNTY
              FORESHORE SLOPE INVENTORY

Station ID                 Slope (degrees)

   N1                           15.0
   N2                           14.0
   N3                           11.0
   N4                           13.0
   N5                            5.0
   N6                           13.0
   N7                           10.0
   N8                           10.0
   N9                            5.0
   N10                          17.0
   Nil                          12.0
   N12                          12.0
   N13                          15.0
   N14                          16.0
   N15                          15.0
   N16                          11.0
   N17                          19.0
   N18                          15.0
   N19                          20.0
   N20                          14.0
   N21                          10.0
   N22                          14.0
   N23                          10.0



























                       68














I



                                CHAPTER XI. TIDAL MARSH INVENTORY COVERAGE











I










                  XI. TIDAL MARSH INVENTORY COVERAGE


     The Tidal Marsh Inventory Coverage (TMI) is the digital record of
the VIMS Tidal Marsh Inventories developed by the Wetlands Research
Program at the Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS). The
original delineation of tidal marshes were obtained using aerial
photographs, topographic maps, and ground-truthing methods. The tidal
marsh boundaries, forming polygons, were digitized at a scale of
1:24,000 and coded by location (FIPS). The marsh polygons are then
transposed onto the SHL, 1:24,000 shoreline coverage (ref. Chapter 2).
Future updates to the GIS Inventory will code marshes (e.g. polygons) by
an existing set of criteria which will identify marsh polygons on the
basis of species and habitat. Following is a complete folio of existing
THI coverages, represented at a scale of 1:68,000, and documentation
pertaining to these coverages.



Virginia Institute of Marine Science                         GIS Laboratory







                      GEOGRAPHIC DATA SET DESCRIPTION



                                                 VIMS GIS Lab Prefix   TMI



Data Layer Name    VIMS Tidal Marsh Inventory   (VIMS Wetlands Inventory)



Description       Inventory of tidal wetlands in Virginia. by Wetlands Dent.

  of the Virginia Institute of Marine Science. as mandated by Sec. 62.1-13.4

  of the Virginia Wetlands Act of 1972 (Code of Va.. Title 62.1).




Year(s) Collected    Various. 1974 - Present



Base Maps used for Digitizing        MYLAR USGS TOPO MAPS


Digitizing Scale   1:24000             Map Projection   UTM Zone 18


Geographic Extent      Inventories complete for most of Va. coastal counties.

  selected portions of the coastal zone have been digitized.


How Collected (Describe):

    Tidal marsh data was collected by EroundtruthinR the tidal waters of

Virginia. Inventory reports were then published and wetland Dolvaons were

transfered to mylar toDos for digitizing.


Actual/Intended Use or Purpose:

   The TMI coverazes were generated with the intended DurDose of creating

   RPA and RMA Planning maDs. for evaluating salinity induced changes in

   the uDDer Pamunkv River. and monitoring changes to wetland resources.




                                 70









   VA TIDAL RIVERS INVENTORY

AVERAGE TIME AND DISC SPACE USED*

      TIDAL MARSH INVENTORY


    MAP     TIME      DISC
   NUMBER  I        I SPACE

  TMI5307    18.0  i 296960
  TMI5407    18.0  I 342016
  TMI5413     5.25 1 178176
  TMI5414    21.0  I 251904
  TMI5415  I 21.0  1 382976
  TMI5506  I 5.5        90112
  TMI5507     24.0      497664
  TMI5512  i 13.0  i 264192
  TMI5513  I 25.0  1 391168
  TMI5514  i 13.0  i 227320
  TMI5515  i 2.0       73728
  TMI5607    19.0     415744
  TMI5611     8.0      124928
  TMI5612  i 35.0  1 526336
  TMI5613  I10.0  1 116736
  TMI5711    33.0  i 444416
  TMI5712  i 15.0     184320
  TMI5713  I 19.0     423936
  TMI5714    11.0  i 240468
  TMI5807    17.25 I 446464
  TMI5808     5.0       81920
  TMI5809  i 15.0  i 307200
  TMI5810    20.0  i 622592
  TMI5811  i 16.0  i 229376
  TMI5812  i 7.5     178176
  TMI5813  I 19.0     356352
  TMI5814  1 1.25 1  69632
  TMI5907  1 55.0  1 999424
  TMI5909  1 26.5  1 569344
  TMI5910  1 14.0  1 315392
  TMI5911  1 13.0  1 196608
  TMI5912   17.5      587776
  TMI5913  I 2.5  1  88064
  TMI6007  I 17.25    307200
  TMI6010  i 17.0  1 491520
  TMI6011    36.0     697568
  TMI6012  i 23.5     512000



   AVERAGE            I 17.25 I 338641


  *TIME IN HOURS, DISC SPACE IN BYTES



       71













































 VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES         T M l 5 9 07
VIMS TIDAL MARSH INVENTORY         WETLANDS
          ACHILLES              -  !T E R
     GLOUCESTER COUNTY



                  72











































 VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES           TM16012
VIMS TIDAL MARSH INVENTORY            I ETLANDS
          BURGESS                 -WATER
     NORTHUMBERLAND CO



                  73










































 VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES          TM15513
VIMS TIDAL MARSH INVENTORY
         CHAMPLAIN              '- ATER
      WESTMORELAND CO



                 74













































 VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES          TMI5407
VIMS TIDAL MARSH INVENTORY    m  WETLANDS
       CHARLES CITY                 W AATER
    CHARLES CITY COUNTY



                 75











































 VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES         TMI5506
VIMS TIDAL MARSH INVENTORY    m, WETLANDS
         CLAREMONT                 WATER
   PRINCE GEORGE COUNTY


                 76











































 VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES          TMI 5807
VIMS TIDAL MARSH INVENTORY          T WETLANDS
         CLAY BANK                 WATER
     GLOUCESTER COUNTY


                 77










































 VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES          TM!5515
VIMS TIDAL MARSH INVENTORY        E  WETLANDS
   COLONIAL BEACH NORTH              WATER
      WESTMORELAND CO



                  78












































           VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES TM[I5 51 4
          VIMS TIDAL MARSH INVENTORYPAWTND
              COLONIAL BEACH SOUTHWAE
                       S~~~~~~~~~WtEs















                 WESTMORELAND CO.



                             79
I~~'                        n


   I~~~gss



      I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~  
























           VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES          TM15514
          VIMS TIDAL MARSH INVENTORY        AdwTAD
              COLONIAL BEACH SOUTH           -  ATER
I              ~~~~ESTMORELAND CO



   I                       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~79





































                               I





 VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES          TMI5415
VIMS TIDAL MARSH INVENTORY           WETLANDS
          DAHLGREN                  WATER
      WESTMORELAND CO



                  8o










































 VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES           TMI5 6 1 1
VIMS TIDAL MARSH INVENTORY             WETLANDS
         DUNNSVILLE                    WATER
          ESSEX CO



                   81










































 VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES          TMI6010
VIMS TIDAL MARSH INVENTORY           WETLANDS
        FLEETS BAY                   WATER
       LANCASTER CO



                  82











































 VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES          TMI5808
VIMS TIDAL MARSH INVENTORY           WETLANDS
         GLOUCESTER                  WATER
        GLOUCESTER CO



                   83










































 VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES            TM15712
VIMS TIDAL MARSH INVENTORY             WETANS
         HAYNESVILLE             W,   ATER
         RICHMOND CO



                    84









































 VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES         TMI5912
VIMS TIDAL MARSH INVENTORY       a  WETLANDS
       HEATHSVILLE        W-  ATER
     NORTHUMBERLAND CO



                 85




















































          VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES         TM!5910

         VIMS TIDAL MARSH INVENTORY        M WETLANDS
                IRVINGTON  WATER
               LANCASTER CO
~~   I


I ~~u_:




I~~~~ A, 


  I~~~~~- h
















             LANCASE  CO


              _  _z~~~ g A8











































      VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES          TIAI5g13
     VIMS TIDAL MARSH INVENTORY         M  WETLANDS
               KINSALE                -  'ATER
           WESTMORELAND Co



p ~~~~~~~~~~~~87

































                                               ,*q
I






























                 VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES         TM15911
                VIMS TIDAL MARSH INVENTORY           ETLANDS
                         LANCASTER               -  WATER
k                    LANCASTER CO



         1                      ~~~~~~~~~~~~~88










































 VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES            TM I 581 
VIMS TIDAL MARSH INVENTORY          V WETLANDS
           LIVELY                  - ATER
       LANCASTER CO



                   89










































VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES            TMI5413
VIMS TIDAL MARSH INVENTORY          O  WETLANDS
         LORETTO WATER
     WESTMORELAND CO



                90













































 VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES          TMI5812
VIMS TIDAL MARSH INVENTORY W WETLANDS
        LOTTSBURG        W         ATER
   NORTHUMBERLAND COUNTY



                91











































 VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES          TMI5713
VIMS TIDAL MARSH INVENTORY    e  WETLANDS
         MACHODOC                  WATER
    WESTMORELAND COUNTY


                 92











































 VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES         TMI5613
VIMS TIDAL MARSH INVENTORY    '      WETLANDS
          MONTRO S S                WATER
      WESTMORELAND CO



                  93




























I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~L-p~rtJ~ i.-:~
















          VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES           TM15711
         VIMS TIDAL MARSH INVENTORY          M .
                   MORATICO                 -  WATER
                  RICHMOND CO



                            94








































 VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES           TMI5512
VIMS TIDAL MARSH INVENTORY         .  WETLANDS
       MT. LANDING                -ATER
         ESSEX CO












































 VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES           TV5607
VIMS TIDAL MARSH INVENTORY           WETLANDS
           NO0 R G E                WATER
     JAMES CITY COUNTY


                 96










































 VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES          TM15814
VIMS TIDAL MARSH INVENTORY  WETLANDS
        PINEY POINT                  WATER
      WESTMORELAND CO



                  97








































 VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES        TM6 01 1
VIMS TIDAL MARSH INVENTORY           ETLANDS
         REEDVILLE                   WATER
     NORTHUMBERLAND CO
                 98'.           























 I 





 VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES    T     MI5414
VIMS TIDAL MARSH INVENTORY       ', WETLANDS
       ROLLINS FORK              -  WATER
      WESTMORELAND CO

                 99










































 VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES           TMI5714
VIMS TIDAL MARSH INVENTORY   W    WETLANDS
    ST. CLEMENTS ISLAND             WATER
    WESTMORELAND COUNTY







































 VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES         TMI5913
VIMS TIDAL MARSH INVENTORY       A  WETLANDS
     ST. GEORGE ISLAND              WATER
     NORTHUMBERLAND CO











































 VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES          TM15809
VIMS TIDAL MARSH INVENTORY      OR WETLANDS
          SALUDA                 W- ATER
       MIDDLESEX CO



                 102












































 VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES           TMI5614
VIMS TIDAL MARSH INVENTORY           WETLANDS
       STRATFORD HALL               WATER
    WESTMORELAND COUNTY


                 103











































 VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES         TM15612
VIMS TIDAL MARSH INVENTORY  WETLANDS
        TAPPAHANNOCK                 WATER
        RICHMOND CO



                  104





I~~~~~~~~~~~~~














                   l'A



















        VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES             TMI5810
       VIMS TIDAL MARSH INVENTORY               T WETLANDS
                  URBANNA                       W ATER
               LANCASTER CO



                           105

















































     WESTOVER                 ATER
CHARLES CITY COUNTY



            106











































 VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES          TMI5909
VIMS TIDAL MARSH INVENTORY
          WILTON                 -  WATER
       MIDDLESEX CO



                  107





0










    I



                  CHAPTER XII. LEFT/RIGHT BANK COVERAGE













I


     I










                    XII.  LEFT/RIGHT BANK COVERAGE


      The Left/Right Bank (LRB) shoreline coverage is derived from the
U.S. Geological Survey Digital Line Graph Data (DLG). The coverage is
created by selecting only the shoreline from the hydrography Digital
Line Graph. The survey was originally digitized by the U.S. Geological
Survey at a scale of 1:100,000. The coverage serves as the current base
shoreline for much of the VIMS Shoreline Inventory Report data collected
in the mid to late 70's and updated in 1985, and the transportation
network coverage supplied by the U.S. Geological Survey. Plots of the
1:100,000 shoreline can be found in the River Reach Coverage section
(ref. Chapter 13). A folio is not included in this chapter, but
documentation is presented here.













































                            108






                      GEOGRAPHIC DATA SET DESCRIPTION






                                                 VIMS GIS Lab Prefix LRB



Data Layer Name      LEFT/RIGHT BANK




Description        ONLY LEFT/RIGHT BANK SHORELINE DERIVED FROM THE USGS

    DIGITAL LINE GRAPH OF HYDROGRAPHY.






Year(s) Collected    VARIES



Base Maps used for Digitizing       DIGITIZED BY USGS


Digitizing Scale   1:100000


Geographic Extent    SELECTED AREAS OF COASTAL VIRGINIA




How Collected (Describe):

      THE HYDROGRAPHY COMES FROM USGS MAPS.






Actual/Intended Use or Purpose:

   THE LRB COVERAGE IS USED AS A BASE MAP FOR WORK DONE ON A 1:100000

   SCALE (IE. RIVER REACH COVERAGE INFORMATION).







                                109










   VA TIDAL RIVERS INVENTORY

AVERAGE TIME AND DISC SPACE USED*

    LEFT-RIGHT BANK COVERAGE

   MAP      TIME       DISC
 NUMBER  I         I SPACE
 LRB5608     1.5   1  47104
 LRB5710 I  1.0   I  38912
 LRB5809     1.5   I  45056
 LRB5506 I  1.75  1  40960
 LRB5609 I  1.25  1  45056
 LRB5905 1    .75  1  47104
  LRB5512 1  1.75       38912
  LRB6005 1  2.75       63488
  LRB6207      .25      36864
  LRB6206 1    .25      36864
  LRB6012 I    .5   1  51200
  LRB5706     1.5   I  61440
- LRB5707    1.0   1  51200
  LRB5606 I    .75  i  47104
  LRB5904 1  3.0   1  45056
  LRB5611 I  1.0   1  36864
  LRB5805 I  1.5        53248
  LRB6004     1.25  1  53248
  LRB6104 1    .75  1  61440
  LRB5207     1.25      53248
  LRB5307 I  1.25  1  38912
  LRB5407 1    .75      36864
  LRB6305 i  1.25  1  45056
  LRB6306 I  2.0        71680
  LRB6308 I  2.0        59392
  LRB6309 I  2.0   1  47104
  LRB6310 I    .75      34816
  LRB6312 i  1.0   i  53248
  LRB6411 1  1.25  1  55296
  LRB6410 I  2.0        59392
  LRB6511 I  1.25       57344
  LRB6512 I  1.25       49152
  LRB5507 1  3.5        65536


 AVERAGE I  1.5   I  50088


 * TIME IN HOURS, DISC SPACE IN BYTES












         110




0





k






0
                    CHAPTER XIII. RIVER REACH INFORMATION COVERAGE





I






I -






I





I






I





I

                    I











                XIII. RIVER REACH INFORMATION COVERAGE


     The River Reach Information (RVR) coverage contains information
collected for the Shoreline Inventory Data Base developed at VIMS in the
mid to late 70's, and updated in 1985. The data base houses information
on shoreline type, usage, condition, stability, and stabilization
structures on a reach by reach basis. An eight digit code identifies a
reach based on water body, county, and reach number. Attribute tables
store data for each reach and can be linked with the reach
identification number using a code called REACHCODE. Reach
locations/codes are digitized and plotted on the LRB, 1:100,000
shoreline coverage (ref. Chapter 12). Methodologies for data collection
and analysis are referenced in the Shoreline Situation Reports (Byrne et
al. 1976-1978) published by county at the Virginia Institute of Marine
Science, or in Shoreline Erosion in Tidewater Virginia (Byrne and
Anderson, 1985), also published at VIMS. A folio of the river reach
stations is included in this section. For publication purposes, maps
are represented at a scale of 1:68,000. Documentation on this coverage
follows.






                      GEOGRAPHIC DATA SET DESCRIPTION






                                                 VIMS GIS Lab Prefix   RVR



Data Layer Name     RIVER REACH INFORMATION




Description       THIS INFORMATION COMES FROM THE VIMS SHORELINE

      INVENTORY DATA BASE. IT CONTAINS INFORMATION ON SHORELINE REACHES.








Year(s) Collected   1975   1985



Base Maps used for Digitizing      USGS HYDROGRAPHY DIGITAL LINE GRAPH (DLG)


Digitizing Scale 1:100000


Geographic Extent     MOST OF COASTAL VIRGINIA




How Collected (Describe):

    ORIGINAL DATA WAS COLLECTED USING MAPS AND VERTICAL PHOTOGRAPHY FOR THE

    VIMS SHORELINE SITUATION REPORTS. DATA WAS UPDATED IN 1985 WITH A VIDEO

    SURVEY.




Actual/Intended Use or Purpose:

     TO ANALYZE THE PHYSICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL PROPERTIES. LAND USE PATTERNS,

     AND GENERAL SHORELINE CONDITIONS ON A REACH BASIS.



                                112










   VA TIDAL RIVERS INVENTORY

AVERAGE TIME AND DISC SPACE USED*

      RIVER REACH COVERAGE


   MAP      TIME       DISC
 NUMBER  I         I SPACE
 RVR5512 I  1.25  1  16384
 RVR5710 1  1.5   1  28672
 RVR5809 I  2.0   1  16384
 RVR5608 I  1.0   1  47104
 RVR5506 1  2.0   1  36864
 RVR5609 1  1.75  I  43008
 RVR6005 1  2.0   1  63488
 RVR5905 I  1.5   1  45056
 RVR6206 I 1.5    1  36864
 RVR6207 i  1.25  1  36864
 RVR6012 I  1.0   1  49152
 -RVR5706 1  2.25  1  59392
 RVR5707 1    .75  1  49152
 RVR5606 1  2.0   1  47104
 RVR5904 I  1.75  1  43008
 RVR5611 i  1.75  1  34816
 RVR5805 i  1.25       53248
 RVR6004 I  1.0        53284
 RVR6104 I    .75  1  61440
 RVR5207 1  1.75  1  49152
 RVR5307 1  1.75  I  38912
 RVR5407.1  2.25  1  36864
 RVR6305 1  1.55  1  45056
 RVR6306 I  1.0   1  63488
 RVR6308 I  1.0   i  55296
 RVR6309 I  1.5   1  45056
 RVR6310 I  1.25  1  34816
 RVR6312 i  1.75  i  49152
 RVR6411 i  1.75  i  55296
 RVR6410  1.25  i  55296
 RVR6511 i  1.25  i  55296
 RVR6512 1   .25  1  53248
 RVR5507 1  1.75  61440
 RVR5811 I  1.5   1  46683
 RVR5906 i  1.5   1  46683
 RVR6007 I  1.5   1  46683
 RVR6008 1  1.5   1  46683



 AVERAGE I  1.5   I  46683


 * TIME IN HOURS, DISC SPACE IN BYTES














I






























                    VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES
                     RIVER REACH INFORMATION
                           REACHCODES
                          BRANDON QUAD


                            114











































                                 YIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES
                                   RIVER REACH INFORMATION
                                                  REACHCODES
                                          CHARLES CITY QUAD


                                                   115
                                          \   )        X      F~~~~~~~~~I
0~7/H










                                                             A )   /  r~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~










I

































                    VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES
                    RIVER REACH INFORMATION
                           REACHCODES
                         CLAREMONT QUAD


                            L16











































VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES
RIVER REACH INFORMATION
       REACHCODES
    DUNNSVILLE QUAD


       117











































VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES
RIVER REACH INFORMATION
       REACHCODES
     FRANKTOWN QUAD


       118










































VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES
RIVER REACH INFORMATION


 GREAT FOX ISLAND QUAD


       119




I








0











I

                                                                          ~~~51~~~1











             0                               <~~~~~~~~~~2
I










                                                  VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES~~P

                                              RIVER REACH INFORMATION A 
1                         2











































VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES
RIVER REACH INFORMATION
       REACHCODES
    HOG ISLAND QUAD


       121





























I











     VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES
      RIVER REACH INFORMATION
             REACHCODES
           HOPEWELL QUAD


             122









          0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~







I




k
























                          VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES
                          RIVER REACH INFORMATION


                                JAMESFILLE QUAD



 I                          123











































VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES
RIVER REACH INFORMATION
       REACHCODES
      LIVELY QUAD


       124












































VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES
RIVER REACHI INFORMATION
       REACHCODES
      MATHEWS QUAD


       125












































VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES
RIVER REACH INFORMATION
       REACHCODES
  MOUNT LANDING QUAD


       126











      OM7

















700272MM    _40930























    VIM$ COASTAL INVENTORIES

    RIVER REACH INFOR MATION

            REACHCODES

      MULBERRY ISLAND QUAD



            127

















                                ~7


                               (






















             VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES
              RIVER REACH INFORMATION
                     REACHCODES
              NEW POINT COMFORT QUAD


                     128
              tr~) 

    I~~~~~~~~












                     I












             VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES
              R I VER R EA CH I N FO RMA TIO N
I                     ~~~~~~REACIJCODES
              NfL PO INT COMFORT QUAD


                     I128











































VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES
RIVER REACH INFORMATION
       REACHCODES
NEWPORT NEWS NORTH QUAD


       129






























xn  A













      VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES
      RIVER REACH INFORMATION
             REACHCODES
      NEWPORT NEWS SOUTH Q'UAD


              130










































VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES
RIVER REACH INFORMATION
       REACHCODES
  NORFOLK NORTH QUAD


       131











































V IMS COASTAL INVENTORIES
RIVER REACH INFORMATION
      ' REACHCODES
     PARKSLEY QUAD


        132











































VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES
RIVER REACH INFORMATION
       REACHCODES
   POQUOSON WEST QUAD


       133










































VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES
RIVER REACH INFORMATION
       REACHCODES
    PUNGOTEAGUE QUAD


       134











































VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES
RIVER REACH INFORMATION
       REACHCODES
      SALUDA QUAD


       135









,400MM50








































        VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES

        RIVER REACH INFORMATION
               REACHCOD.ES

               SURRY QUAD



                136

























Is


















      VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES
      RIVER REACH INFORMATION
             REACHCODES
             TOANO QUAD


              137


































Y (












    RIVER REACH INFORMATION
          REACHCODES
        TOWNSEND QUAD


          138








































VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES
RIVER REACH INFORMATION
       REACHCODES
     WARE NECK QUAD












































VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES
RIVER REACH INFORMATION
       REACHCODES
     WESTOVER QUAD


       140











































VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES
RIVER REACH INFORMATION
       REACHCODES
    WEST POINT QUAD


       I141












































VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES
RIVER REACH INFORMATION
       REACHCODES
   WILLIAMSBURG QUAD


       142



















CHAPTER XIV.  PROCEDURE FOR ANALYZING HISTORICAL
          CHANGE IN SHORELINE POSITION










             X!V. PROCEDURE FOR ANALYZING THE HISTORICAL
                      CHANGE IN SHORELINE POSTIONS

     A procedure has been developed within the GiS framework to analyze
and compare historic rates of shoreline change with present-day
shoreline conditions. Lilleys Neck, situated northwest of Rigby Island
in Mathews County, was used as a study site. Lilleys Neck, currently a
refuge, is being considered for rezoning which will potentially allow
for future development.

      Local governments as well as state advisory agencies are
interested in assessing the historic patterns in shoreline change for
this reach. The 1981 VIMS Shoreline Inventory database, now an integral
component of the GIS system, reports an erosion rate of 3.1 feet per
year. This estimate is based on 89 years of change from 1855 to 1944.

      To accurately measure the erosion rate for this time period, the
1855 shoreline, published by the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey (now the
National Ocean Service), was digitized at a scale of 1:20,000 and
entered into the GIS database.  Similarly, the 1944 U.S. Geological
Survey topographic map of the region was digitized at a scale of
1:24,000. When these two coverages were superimposed an approximate
erosion rate for this 89-year period was computed to be 2.9 feet per
year. Within the accuracy limits of the map medium, this rate is in
agreement with the rate reported
in the 1981 Shoreline Inventory database. A 1976 shoreline record was
also digitized from the Virginia Marine Resource Commission shoreline
map series which are surveyed at a scale of 1:5000. Initial
interpretation of this coverage, when compared with the historic
shoreline records, suggest that the position of the shoreline has
accreted substantially from its position in 1944. Analysis of 1990
vertical photographs and a ground survey of Lilleys Neck, using a Topcon
GTS-3B infrared digital survey instrument, indicates that the position
of the current shoreline is slightly landward of the 1976 shoreline
position. This suggests that presently the shoreline is undergoing
recession and the shore is in a state of erosion. Observations in the
field also suggest the shore to be unstable and erosion taking place.



















                            143








LILLEY'S NECK  MATHEWS CO., VA
                                                                                 1 855



                                                                                 .< r94410

                                    S                        1'          ~~~~~~~~MHW  1990









I".I-..  A                                              ,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~  Ils















                  -7~~~~~~~~~~~ï¿½


I--





     I'

      7"
  /U




N.i




                         r ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~.  N


                           Iï¿½\~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I                                        N   \
                             \~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~                                             N
      1                                                                                    Iï¿½
    '                                                                                              ' Iï¿½
    \  1I                                                                                  1
                 \  1                             ~~~~~~855


      S  S
                                                       1976




     S                                    IH-I-   MHW   1990                                        \ 





    If   5                       255                      see                                                N
                                 fï¿½~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~



















CHAPTER XV. PROCEDURE FOR ANALYZING THE EFFECTS OF
         LAND USE ON VEGETATED WETLANDS










         XV. PROCEDURE FOR ANALYZING THE EFFECTS OF LAND USE
                         ON VEGETATED WETLANDS

      A procedure for analyzing the effects in upland land use on tidal
wetlands has been developed to delineate vegetated habitats alongshore
and spatially relate these environments to the adjacent upland land use
patterns. It is accepted that man-induced influences along the shore
contribute to the degradation of wetland habitats. Shore stabilization
structures inhibit inland migration of tidal wetlands by blocking the
natural intrusion of salt water from tidal fluctuations and rising sea
level. Development has been responsible for filling existing wetlands
as well as decreasing upland acreage potentially available for
vegetation with sea level rise.

      These factors and others have initiated the need for improved
resource management techniques. A balance between the desire to
develop within the coastal plain and the responsiblities vested in
governments to protect natural resources must be established. It is
suggested that the functional value of existing wetlands can be
determined by examining the adjacent upland land use on a reach by reach
basis. Generally, the value of an existing wetland as the potential for
continued growth in inhibited by development.

      Tidal waters of Sarah's Creek and Urbarma Creek were delineated
using historic and present-day vertical photographs. Upland reaches
were delineated by the following land use patterns: agricultural,
residential, commercial and forested. Shoreline type for historic
photographs were delineated on the basis of vegetated or nonvegetated
shore. Analysis of recent photographs analysed was expanded to include
riprap and bulkhead structures. The tidal watershed of these creeks
were ground-truthed between August and September of 1990 for accuracy in
photo interpretation.
      Delineations were plotted on existing 1:24,000 shoreline records
in the VINS GIS. Data was stored as two separate coverages: land use
and shore condition. Nodes were entered directly to form the longshore
borders of each attribute identified. Arcs were created by connecting
nodes and then coded according to shore type or land usage. The length
of each arc is calculated and can be totaled, if desired, for an
individual attribute (e.g. total vegetated shore, forested upland,
etc.). Shore condition can then be assessed and directly compared with
land use patterns when the two coverages are superimposed. Historical
overlays can be produced to assess changes in shoreline conditions as a
function of changes in land use patterns. A decrease in vegetated shore
coverage resulting from increased development could be detected.
Results of historical comparisons can be used as a tool to predict the
functional value of existing wetlands in lieu of present-day land uses.









                            146












                   VIMS UPLAND USE STUDY
                             Sarah's Creek
                                     1953








I-'~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~RWTA







             mot~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ers~~~~~  ..       OM A
               588    1888~~~~~~~~~~~~~~AITA



w  w  w    w                                w                                w~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~q










                      VIMS UPLAND USEI STUDY
                                Sarah's Creek
                                        1960









i-a~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~MTA







                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~CMOCIAL
                 see  ieee~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~GJLLA













                  VIMS UPLAND USE STUDY
                         Sarah's Creek
                               1971














                                                       " RETIA
                                                       " COMCIAL
                                                      -  - AGWITUIA
                                                        se-ST

motors













                  VIMS UPLAND USE STUDY

                         Sarah's Creek
                               1979















                                                        RESDENTIAL
                                                        COMORICIAL
                                                         AGWJXLTUKA1

                                                     mumcmm

mo16r*



       w  N          w              w         w     M              NW  









                    VIMS UPLAND USE STUDY
                          Sarah's  Creek
                               1982














                                                     RESI!NTIAL
                                                   "'  COMhRICIAL
                                                      AGWbUTUAL
                                                   " FOREST
       / e terLO(

6     666      teee~~,,














                            VIMS UPLAND USE STUDY

                                     Sarah's Creek
                                           1990















                                                                        KWIDTIAL
                                                                        COMMICIAL
                                                                      'AGWITURZAL
                                                                        sOREST



e         560       8B













                             VIMS SHORELINE USE STUDY

                                         Sarah's Creek
                                                 1976




I-'~~~~~~~~~~~~l







                                                                                  MARSH
                                                                               X- 104VEGETATED
                                                                                  RIPRAP
                                                                                 BUJKAD
                                                                                 MARSH/BULOWD
                                                                                MAklRSH/MPRAP
                                                                                -MNARSH TOE
                                                                                  KCODED SHORfNE

  e       ~~~see     1806














                  VIMS SHORELINE USE STUDY

                              Sarah's Creek
                                     1990













                                                                    MARSH
                                                                     WONEGETATMD
                                                                   -RIPRMP
                                                                 B EUUGEAD
                                                                 -- ?hflh/SHUU~tAD
                                                                     MARSH/gRRAP
                                                                     -ARSH TOE
                                                                     KUCOME SHORELE

seters0













                      VIMS UPLAND USE STUDY
                               Urbanna Creek
                                       1960














                                                                         - RESWENTIAL
                                                                           COMROIAL
                                                                       e-e AGWJITIRAL
                                                                           FOREST
                                                                         - KCOOED

e       5ee      ~~Mier*












             VIMS UPLAND USE STUDY
                     Urbanna Creek
                            1972




                                                            Oi








                                                          - RESMEN IAL
                                                              COM?.EIEIAL
                                                          -     ACAGWIUlAL
                                                           = FOREST


see     1eee













                   VIMS UPLAND USE STUDY

                           Urbanna Creek
                                 1982















                                                               -RESVNTIAL
                                                                COMORCIAL
                                                             1-6 AGWILTIUAL
                                                                FOOET
                                                               -NCOoM
     mater"
6~~~~~e 1600












VIMS UPLAND USE STUDY
       Urbanna Creek
              1990














                                          - RESNTIAL
                                            COMMRIAL
                                         '-e AGWJAT1RAL
                                            FOREST
                                          -  COMe













                           VIM''S SHORELINE USE STUDY

                                         Urbanna Creek
                                                  1981                              ks





        ... ï¿½  .:ï¿½  '







                                                                                            MARSH
                                                                                            MMNOtVEGETATED
                                                                                            RIPRAP
                                                                                        ~ BUUGAD
                                                                                            MARSH/BUJUEA
                                                                                        = MARSH/RIPRAP
                                                                                        - MARSH TOE
                                                                                        MMIe  UIEI2D SHORUNE
e       ~~~ee    W    ee



w~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I F w                 w    M r    lw    I F                  ww










                        VIM''S SHORELINE USE STUDY

                                  Urbanna  Creek
                                         1990













                                                                       ~ MARSH
                                                                          -NONUVGATOD
                                                                          RIPRAP
                                                                          BULIGMAD

                                                                       = MARSH/MPRAP
                                                                       - MARSH TOE
                                                                          MM'EOOE SHKLELE
  e  ~ ~ ee      ieee0




















CHAPTER XVI.  PROCEDURE FOR ANALYZING SPATIAL AND
       TEMPORAL CHANGES IN WETLAND SPECIES










        XVI. PROCEDURE FOR ANALYZING THE SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL
                       CHANGES IN WETLAND SPECIES

      A procedure to quantify the spatial and temporal change in wetland
species and habitats has been developed by the Coastal Inventory in
cooperation with staff of the Wetlands Research Program. A sixty (60)
hectare section of Sweethall Harsh in King William County was delineated
from six (6) sets of vertical imagery photographed between 1938 and
1976. Arrow Arum (Peltandra virginica), Big Cordgrass (Spartina
cynosuroides), a mixed marsh assemblage, and a tidal mudflat was hand-
traced directly from the photographs for each year. Each delineation
was then digitized and coded by species and entered into the GIS
database. Since the delineations formed polygons, the acreage for any
one species could be calculated for a given year.
      As expected, the results of the study indicated that species
sensitive to high salinity environments (e.g., mixed marsh assemblage)
spatially decreased over time and were eventually eradicated from the
population. Species like Big Cordgrass, which are salt tolerant,
increased spatially over time. Those species thriving in the tidal
mudflat which could not tolerate high salinity environments were
eventually replaced with species like Big Cordgrass which could. The
temporal changes are likely due to an increase in salinity from external
environmental pressures, and an increase in salt water inundation as a
result of sea level rise.


































                            161



w                   W           M    r                        W     M               w                  w




          UPPER LIMITS SWEET HALL MARSH

                 PAMUNKEY  RIVER,  VA.

                           1937










                                                                      P. VIRGINICA

                                                                      S. CYNOSUROIDES

                                                               VI/ /A MIXED MARSH

                                                                      MUD FLAT







UPPER  LIMITS  SWEET  HALL  MARSH

      PAMUNKEY  RIVER,  VA.
               1953









                                              a~~~~s  P. VIRGINICA
 TIC


                                               ~Xs  S. CYNOSUROIDES
                                                    MIXED MARSH
                                              _    MUD FLAT



w                                       w          w         w         w    -              W




 UPPER LIMITS SWEET HALL MARSH

        PAMUNKEY  RIVER,  VA.

                   1960










                                                        ar~iwz  P. VIRGINICA

                                                          ~    S. CYNOSUROIDES

                                                               MIXED MARSH

                                                               MUD FLAT







UPPER  LIMITS  SWEET  HALL  MARSH
      PAMUNKEY  RIVER,  VA.
                1969








                                                        P. VIRGINICA
                                                   L$ S. CYNOSUROIDES
                                                 ~-~~ ~  vMIXED MARSH







UPPER LIMITS SWEET HALL MARSH

      PAMUNKEY  RIVER,  VA.
               1976









                                               ...jM P.  VIRGINICA
                                                     S. CYNOSUROIDES
                                                v fAMIXED MARSH
                                               IN  MUD FLAT





I













I


                                                                             APPENDICES



0






I






p






I





















kï¿½





I











               I








i
                                                            APPENDIX I.










I






0
           I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~














l










                       COMPREHENSIVE COASTAL INVENTORY

                       COMPLETED TOPOGRAPHIC COVERAGES


        QUAD NAME
        & NUMBER         SHO WAT  TMI  NWI  LRB  RVR  SHL  FPA  ECO  ERP  FLL

ACHILLES
5907                                0         X    X    0               X
BEULAHVILLE
5311                           *
CHAMPLAIN
5513                                0    X    X    X    O                    X
CLAY BANK
5807                                0         X    X    O         X    X
COLONIAL BEACH NORTH
5515                                0   X    X    X    0                     X
COLONIAL BEACH SOUTH
5514                                0   X    X    X    0                     X
DAHLGREN
5415                                0                   0                    X
DELTAVILLE
6009                                          X    X    0
FLEETS BAY
6010                                0         X    X    0
GRESSIT
5708                                          X    X              X    X
HANOVER
5211                           *
HEATHSVILLE
5912                                0         X    X    0
IRVINGTON
5910                                X         X    X    X
KING & QUEEN COURTHOUSE
5510                      *    *    *
KING WILLIAM
5410                      *    *    *    X
KINSALE
5813                                0         X    X    0                    X
LORETTO
5413                                0                   0                    X
MACHODOC
5713                                0         X    X    0                    X
MANQUIN
5310                      *    *    *   X               0
MATHEWS
6008                                          X    X    0               X










                                167










        QUAD NAME
        & NUMBER         SHO  WAT  TMI  NWI  LRB  RVR  SHL  FPA  ECO  ERP  FLL

MORATICO
5711                                 0         X    X    0
NEW KENT
5509                      *    *    *    *
NEW POINT COMFORT
6007                                 0         X    X    0          X    X
PINEY POINT
5814                                 0         X    X    0                    X
POQUOSON EAST
6006                                           X    X    0          X    X
POQUOSON WEST
5906                                           X    X                    X
QUINTON
 5309                            *         X
REEDSVILLE
 6011                                 0         X    X    0
ROLLINS FORK
 5414                                 0                    0                   X
 ST. CLEMENTS ISLAND
 5714                      X          X    X    X    X    X    X               X
 ST. GEORGE ISLAND
 5913                                 0         X          0
 SEVEN PINES
 5209                            *
 STRATFORD HALL
 5614                                 X    X    X    X    X                    X
 STUDLEY
 5210                       *    *                         0
 TAPPAHANNOCK
 5612                                 0         X    X    0
 TOANO
 5608                      *    *    *          0    0
 TUNSTALL
 5409                      *    *    *    *                0
URBANNA
'5810                                 X         X    X    X
WALKER
 5508                       *    *    *
WEST POINT
 5609                       *    *    *    *    0    0
WILTON
 5909                                 0         X    X    0
YORKTOWN
 5806                                 X    X              X
WILLIAMSBURG
 5707                                           O    O    O









                                 168










        QUAD NAME
        & NUMBER         SHO  WAT  TMI  NWI  LRB  RVR  SHL  FPA  ECO  ERP  FLL

DUTCH GAP
5208                                                      0
CHARLES CITY
5407                                 0         O    O    O
NEWPORT NEWS SOUTH
5904                                           O    O    O
HAMPTON
6005                                           0    0
ELLIOTTS CREEK
6206                                                0
CAPE CHARLES
6207                                           0    0
HOG ISLAND
5706                                           0    0
SURRY
5606                                           0    0
MULBERRY ISLAND
5805                                           0    0
NORFOLK NORTH
6004                                           0    0
LITTLE CREEK
6104                                           0    0
FISHERMANS ISLAND
6305                                           0    0
TOWNSEND
6306                                           0    0
FRANKTOWN
6308                                           0    0
JAMESVILLE
6309                                           0    0
NANDUA CREEK
6310                                           0    0
GREAT FOX ISLAND
6312                                           0    0
CHESCONESSEX
6411                                           0    0
PUNGOTEAGUE
6410                                           0    0
PARKSLEY
6511                                           0    0
SAXIS
6512                                           0    0
NEW POINT COMFORT
6007                                                0
MATHEWS
6008                                                0









                                169










        QUAD NAME
        & NUMBER          SHO  WAT  TMI  NWI  LRB  RVR  SHL  FPA  ECO  ERP  FLL

HOPEWELL
5207                                            0    0    0
WESTOVER
5307                                  0         0    0    0
CLAREMONT
5506                                  0         0    0    0
BRANDON
5507                                  0         0    0    0
MOUNT LANDING
5512                                  0         0    0    0
NORGE
5607                                  0                    0
TRUHART
5610                                                       0
DUNNSVILLE
5611                                  0         0    0    0
MONTROSS
5613                                  0                    0
CHURCH VIEW
5710                                            0    0    0
HAYNESVILLE
5712                                  0                    0
SUFFOLK
5802                                                       0
BENNS CHURCH
5804                                                       0
GLOUCESTER
5808                                  0                    0
SALUDA
5809                                  0         0    0    0
LIVELY
5811                                  0              0    0
LOTTSBURG
5812                                  0                    0
BOWERS HILL
5903                                                       0
NEWPORT NEWS NORTH
5905                                            0    0    0
WARENECK
5908                                                       0
LANCASTER
5911                                  0                    0
BURGESS
6012                                  0         0    0    0
KEMPSVILLE
6103                                                       0









                                 170










LEGEND

*- INDICATES COVERAGES CREATED BETWEEN 3/88 AND 3/89
X- INDICATES COVERAGES CREATED FROM 3/89 TO 9/89
0- INDICATES COVERAGES COMPLETED FROM 9/89 TO 9/90

SHO-SHORELINE CLASSIFICATION   1:24000
WAT-WATERSHED BOUNDARIES   1:24000
TMI-TIDAL MARSH INVENTORIES   1:24000
NWI-NATIONAL WETLANDS INVENTORIES   1:24000
LRB-LEFT/RIGHT BANK FROM USGS DLG'S 1:100000
RVR-RIVER REACH COVERAGES   1:100000
SHL-SHORELINE COVERAGES   1:24000
FPA-FLOOD PRONE AREAS   1:24000
FLL-FLIGHT LINE TRAJECTORIES   1:24000
ECO-ECOLOGICALLY SENSITIVE AREAS   1:24000
ERP-ESTUARINE RESEARCH PRESERVES   1:24000












































                                171-





















                                                       APPENDIX II.








I





I









        COMPREHENSIVE COASTAL INVENTORY

      HIGH RESOLUTION SHORELINE COVERAGES


          QUAD NAME
          & NUMBER       MRC  NSHL SED  STRUCTS

WESTMORELAND CO SHORELINE
6002540                     X          0
WESTMORELAND CO SHORELINE
6002560                     X          0
WESTMORELAND CO SHORELINE
6152540                     X          0
WESTMORELAND CO SHORELINE
6152560                     X    0    0    0
WESTMORELAND CO SHORELINE
6302500                     X          0
WESTMORELAND CO SHORELINE
6302540                     X         0
WESTMORELAND CO SHORELINE
6302560                     X    0    0    0
WESTMORELAND CO SHORELINE
6302580                     X
WESTMORELAND CO SHORELINE
6452500                     X          0
WESTMORELAND CO SHORELINE
6452520                     X          0
WESTMORELAND CO SHORELINE
6452540                     X    0    0    0
WESTMORELAND CO SHORELINE
6452560                     X          0
WESTMORELAND CO SHORELINE
6602460                     X          0
WESTMORELAND CO SHORELINE
6602480                     X          0
WESTMORELAND CO SHORELINE
6602500                     X          0
WESTMORELAND CO SHORELINE
6602520                     X    0    0    0
WESTMORELAND CO SHORELINE
6602540                     0    0    0    0
WESTMORELAND CO SHORELINE
752420                      0          0















                  172








      QUAD NAME
      & NUMBER           MRC NSHL  SED  STRUCTS

WESTMORELAND CO SHORELINE
6752440                    0          0
WESTMORELAND CO SHORELINE
6752460                    0          0
WESTMORELAND CO SHORELINE
6902420                    0          0
WESTMORELAND CO SHORELINE
6902440                    0          0
WESTMORELAND CO SHORELINE
7052400                    0          0
WESTMORELAND GO SHORELINE
7052420                    0          0
WESTMORELAND CO SHORELINE
7052440                    0          0
WESTMORELAND CO SHORELINE
7202400                    0          0
WESTMORELAND CO SHORELINE
7202420                    0          0
WESTMORELAND CO SHORELINE
7352400                    0          0
RICHMOND CO SHORELINE
5252520                    0          0
RICHMOND CO SHORELINE
5402500                    0          0
RICHMOND.CO SHORELINE
5402520                    0          0
RICHMOND CO SHORELINE
5402540                    0          0
RICHMOND CO SHORELINE
5552460                    0          0
RICHMOND CO SHORELINE
5552480                    0          0
RICHMOND CO SHORELINE
5552500                    0          0
RICHMOND CO SHORELINE
5552520                    0          0
RICHMOND CO SHORELINE
5702460                    0          0
RICHMOND GO SHORELINE
5702480                    0          0
RICHMOND CO SHORELINE
5852460                    0          0
RICHMOND CO SHORELINE
5852480                    0          0
RICHMOND CO SHORELINE
6002460                    0          0










                  173








      QUAD NAME
      & NUMBER           MRC NSHL  SED  STRUCTS

RICHMOND CO SHORELINE
6002480                     0          0
LANCASTER CO SHORELINE
4652600                     0          0
LANCASTER CO SHORELINE
4652620                     0          0
LANCASTER CO SHORELINE
4652640                     0          0
LANCASTER CO SHORELINE
4802560                     0          0
LANCASTER CO SHORELINE
4802580                     0          0
LANCASTER CO SHORELINE
4802600                     0          0
LANCASTER CO SHORELINE
4802620                     0          0
LANCASTER CO SHORELINE
4802640                     0          0
LANCASTER CO SHORELINE
4952560                     0          0
LANCASTER CO SHORELINE
4952580                     0          0
LANCASTER CO SHORELINE
4952600                     0          0
LANCASTER CO SHORELINE
4952620                     0          0
LANCASTER CO SHORELINE
5102540                     0          0
LANCASTER CO SHORELINE
5102560                     0          0
LANCASTER CO SHORELINE
5102580                     0          0
LANCASTER CO SHORELINE
5102600                     0          0
LANCASTER CO SHORELINE
5252520                     0          0
LANCASTER CO SHORELINE
5252540                     0          0
LANCASTER CO SHORELINE
5252580                     0          0
LANCASTER CO SHORELINE
5402520                     0          0
LANCASTER CO SHORELINE
5402540                     0          0
NORTHUMBERLAND CO SHORELINE
4952600                     0          0










                  174








      QUAD NAME
      & NUMBER             MRC  NSHL  SED  STRUCTS

NORTHUMBERLAND CO SHORELINE
4952620                      0          0
NORTHUMBERLAND CO SHORELINE
5102620                      0          0
NORTHUMBERLAND CO SHORELINE
5252600                      0          0
NORTHUMBERLAND CO SHORELINE
5252620                      0          0
NORTHUMBERLAND CO SHORELINE
5252640                      0          0
NORTHUMBERLAND CO SHORELINE
5402600                      0          0
NORTHUMBERLAND CO SHORELINE
5402620                      0          0
NORTHUMBERLAND CO SHORELINE
5402640                      0          0
NORTHUMBERLAND CO SHORELINE
5552580                      0          0
NORTHUMBERLAND CO SHORELINE
5552600                      0          0
NORTHUMBERLAND CO SHORELINE
5552620                      0          0
NORTHUMBERLAND CO SHORELINE
5552640                      0          0
NORTHUMBERLAND CO SHORELINE
5702580                      0          0
NORTHUMBERLAND CO SHORELINE
5702600                      0          0
NORTHUMBERLAND CO SHORELINE
5702620                      0          0
NORTHUMBERLAND CO SHORELINE
5702640                      0          0
NORTHUMBERLAND CO SHORELINE
5852560         d            0          0
NORTHUMBERLAND CO SHORELINE
5852580                      0          0
NORTHUMBERLAND CO SHORELINE
5852600                      0          0
NORTHUMBERLAND CO SHORELINE
5852620                      0          0
NORTHUMBERLAND CO SHORELINE
6002540                      0          0
NORTHUMBERLAND CO SHORELINE
6002560                      0          0
NORTHUMBERLAND CO SHORELINE
6002580                      0          0










                  175









      QUAD NAME
      & NUMBER           MRC NSHL  SED  STRUCTS

NORTHUMBERLAND CO SHORELINE
6002600                    0          0
NORTHUMBERLAND CO SHORELINE
6152540                    0          0
NORTHUMBERLAND CO SHORELINE
6152560                    0          0
NORTHUMBERLAND CO SHORELINE
6152580                    0          0



LEGEND

*- INDICATES COVERAGES CREATED BETWEEN 3/88 AND 3/89
X- INDICATES COVERAGES CREATED FROM 3/89 TO 9/89
0- INDICATES COVERAGES COMPLETED FROM 9/89 TO 9/90

MRC-MARINE RESOURCES COMMISSION SHORELINE   1:5000
NSHL-1989 SHORELINE FROM AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY   1:7200
SED-SEDIMENT INVENTORY STATIONS 1:24000
STRUCTS-SHORELINE STABILIZATION STRUCTURES 1:7200





































                  176