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rI.5.B. COMPREHENSIVE COASTAL INVENTORY PROGRAM FInAL REPORT VOLUME I. Coastal Inventory Program Commonwealth of Virginia and Tidal Rivers Inventory Project Coastal Resource Management Program - Grant No. NA89AA-D-CZ134 Task 2A Grant No. NA88AA-D-CZ091 COASTAL ZONE Compiled by INFORMATION CENTER Marcia R. Berman J. Berchman Smithson Under the Direction of Dr. Suzette M. Kimball Dr. Carl H. Hershner, Jr. Virginia Institute of Marine Science College of William and Mary Gloucester Point, Virginia 23062 GC Submitted To 1018 4 .C66 Virginia Council on the Environment 1991 Richmond, Virginia v.1 i' Property of CSC Lib)SajJ COMPREHENSIVE COASTAL INVENTORY PROGRAM FINAL REPORT VOLUME I Coastal Inventory Program Commonwealth of Virginia and Tidal Rivers Inventory Project Coastal Resource Management Program Grant No. NA89AA-D-CZ134 Task 2A Grant No. NA88AA-D-CZ091 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NOAA COASTAL SERVICES CENTER 2234 SOUTH HOBSON AVENUE Compiled by CHARLESTON, SC 29405-2413 Marcia R. Berman J. Berchman Smithson Under the Direction of Dr. Suzette M. Kimball Dr. Carl H. Hershner, Jr. Virginia Institute of Marine Science College of William and Mary Gloucester Point, Virginia 23062 Submitted To Virginia Council on the Environment Richmond, Virginia a as., VOLUME I. TABLE OF CONTENTS VOLUME I. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ......................................... i EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................ ii CHAPTER PAGE 1. INTRODUCTION ...................................... I 2. VIMS SHORELINE COVERAGE ........................... 6 3. VMRC SHORELINE COVERAGE ........................... 60 4. MAPPING SCALES .................................... 136 5. VIDEO COVERAGE .144 6. AERIAL IMAGERY .................................... 145 7. FLIGHT LINE COVERAGE .............................. 162 VOLUME II. 8. 1989 SHORELINE COVERAGE ........................... 1 9. SHORELINE STABILIZATION COVERAGE .................. 8 10. SEDIMENT SAMPLE COVERAGE .......................... 21 11. TIDAL MARSH INVENTORY COVERAGE .................... 69 12. LEFT/RIGHT BANK COVERAGE ........................... 108 13. RIVER REACH INFORMATION COVERAGE .................. 111 14. PROCEDURE FOR ANALYZING THE HISTORICAL CHANGE IN SHORELINE POSITIONS ............................... 143 15. PROCEDURE FOR ANAYZING THE EFFECTS OF LANDUSE ON VEGETATED WETLANDS ................................ 146 16. PROCEDURE FOR ANALYZING THE SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL CHANGES IN WETLAND SPECIES ........................ 161 APPENDIX I ............................................. 167 APPENDIX II ............................................ 172 LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE PAGE 1. Virginia Marine Resources Commission Shoreline Map Index ........................61 LIST OF TABLES TABLE PAGE 1. Shoreline Stabilization Structures, Westmoreland County - L6452540 .................................... 12 2. Shoreline Stabilization Structures, Westmoreland County - R6452540 ................. .................. 13 3. Shoreline Stabilization Structures, Westmoreland County - L6302560 .................................... 15 4. Shoreline Stabilization Structures, Westmoreland County - L6602540 .................................... 17 5. Shoreline Stabilization Structures, Westmoreland County - L6602520 .................................... 19 6. Shoreline Stabilization Structures, Westmoreland County - R6602520 .................................... 20 7a. Sediment Survey Data - Grain Size Percentages Westmoreland County - Foreshore ...................... 46 7b. Sediment Survey Data - Grain Size Statistics Westmoreland County - Foreshore ...................... 48 8a. Sediment Survey Data - Grain Size Percentages Westmoreland County - Backshore ...................... 50 8b. Sediment Survey Data - Grain Size Statistics Westmoreland County - Backshore ...................... 53 9. Westmoreland County Foreshore Slope Inventory ........ 54 10a. Sediment Survey Data - Grain Size Percentages Lancaster County - Foreshore .56 lob. Sediment Survey Data - Grain Size Statistics Lancaster County -Foreshore ......................... 57 11a. Sediment Survey Data - Grain Size Percentages Lancaster County - Backshore ......................... 59 llb. Sediment Survey Data - Grain Size Statistics Lancaster County - Backshore ......................... 60 12. Lancaster County Foreshore Slope Inventory ........... 62 LIST OF TABLES (continued) TABLE PAGE 13a. Sediment Survey Data - Grain Size Percentages Richmond County - Foreshore ......................... 63 13b. Sediment Survey Data - Grain Size Statistics Richmond County - Foreshore ......................... 64 14a. Sediment Survey Data - Grain Size Percentages Richmond County - Backshore ......................... 65 14b. Sediment Survey Data - Grain Size Statistics Richmond County - Backshore ......................... 66 15. Richmond County Foreshore Slope Inventory ........... 67 16. Northumberland County Foreshore Slope Inventory ..... 68 APPENDICES APPENDIX PACE 1. Completed Topographic Coverages ..........167 2. High Resolution Shoreline Coverages ........172 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This project is funded in part by the Commonwealth of Virginia, and the Virginia Council on the Environment from the Coastal Resource Management Program of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Grant numbers NA89AA-D-CZ134 and NA88AA-D-CZ091). Special thanks to Sharon Dewing, Julie Glover, Anna Kenne, Paula Hill, Martha Craig, and Rebecca Harrison for their laborious efforts digitizing and coding the map coverages. Berch Smithson was responsible for data management, and Gary Anderson and John Posenau provided computer assistance. Sediment samples were collected by Julie Glover, Jim Perry, George Thomas and Angela Bryant. Sediment samples were processed by Cindy Fischler at the VIMS Sediment Laboratory. George Thomas, Carl Hershner, Sr., Bo Dame, Lauro Calliari, Marcia Berman, and Julie Glover were responsible for field surveying efforts. Sharon Dewing, Julie Bradshaw, Martha Craig and Laura Grignano assisted in data entry and delineations. Dr. Robert Byrne, Scott Hardaway, Adam Frisch, and the staff of the Wetlands Research Program at the Virginia Institute of Marine Science provided data for inclusion in the GIS database. Additional thanks should be extended to Ruth Hershner and Sylvia Motley for their assistance in the final publication. EXECUTIVE SUIIMARY The Virginia Institute of Marine Science has completed the first year of a long-term project designed to map and catalog various components of the 5,000 miles of tidal shoreline in Virginia. Initial investigations have focused on the geographic region bounded by the Potomac and Rappahannock Rivers (Northern Neck). Information pertaining to shoreline positions, recent changes in shoreline positions, boundaries of tidal and non-tidal wetlands, sediment characteristics, and shore zone slope measurements have been collected, digitized, and sorted in a vector-based geographic information system (GIS) and analyzed to determine regional patterns of shore zone characteristics. In addition, concomitant studies performed under the aegis of the ongoing Tidal Rivers Inventory Project have demonstrated the utility of these data to address management issues pertaining to natural pressures, such as potential sea level rise, and anthropogenic pressures created by development in the coastal zone. This report represents the combined efforts of the two programs; the Coastal Inventory Program and the Tidal Rivers Inventory Project, together known as the Comprehensive Coastal Inventory Program. I I CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION: I I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I. INTRODUCTION Background. The activities incorporated in the Comprehensive Coastal Inventory are the result of a union of two programs, each in support of initiatives advanced by either the Executive Office or the General Assembly. One activity is the development of the Tidal Rivers component of the ECOMAPS project, managed by the Council on the Environment and designed for broadscale use in state and local resource management. The second activity is a Coastal Inventory in support of policy issues relevant to the management of tidal shoreline erosion. The union of these programs has occurred because of the galvanizing effect of the the 1988 Chesapeake Bay Preservation Act, which addresses land use management in Tidewater Virginia to protect the water quality and habitats of the Chesapeake Bay estuarine system. The Tidal Rivers Inventory Project was initiated in 1987 with funding from NOAA/CZM via the Virginia Council on the Environment. This activity, a subset of the larger-focus ECOMAPS Program, directed by the Council on the Environment, addresses the estuarine and tidal freshwater environments. Initial phases of the Tidal Rivers Project have been devoted to the development of an integrated data base within the framework of a computerized geographic information system (GIS) in support of the needs of resource planners and managers. Achievements within the first two years of the Tidal Rivers Initiative have been documented in a series of annual final reports. Through this activity, the importance was demonstrated of a state-wide GIS capability to examine the spatial relationships between environmental and cultural attributes and obtain quantitative data on the interactions among the attributes at any map scale selected. Concurrent with the Commonwealth's efforts to coordinate a state-wide Virginia Rivers Inventory, House Joint Resolution No. 46 (1986) established the Joint Subcommittee Studying the Commonwealth's Shoreline Erosion Policy to "study whether the Commonwealth's shoreline erosion policy reflects an appropriate balance between the rights of individual property owners and the Commonwealth's responsibility to protect the environment." (House Document No. 41, 1987, p. 3). During a two-year period, the Study Committee examined many of the issues, studied alternate approaches used in other states and recommended some changes in policy. (House Document No. 41, 1987; House Document No. 44, 1988). Pursuant to those activities, the Study Committee recommended the development of a Coastal Inventory that focused on the physical aspects and natural processes associated with the Commonwealth's tidal shorelines. As part of that inventory, the Committee also recognized the need to establish a methodology for determining the boundaries of lands that may be in state ownership. In response to a specific request from the Joint Subcommittee, a proposal (House Document No. 44, 1988) for a Coastal Inventory was developed. I In a separate but relevant activity, the 1988 General Assembly passed into law the Chesapeake Bay Preservation Act, the roots of which rest in the recommendations of the Governor's Land Use Roundtable. That act vests in a state/local program the stewardship of the use of lands in Tidewater Virginia such that water quality and habitat value of the Chesapeake Bay estuarine system are protected from further degradation. The program is fundamentally dependent on the capabilities of local governments to delineate various ecological and physical parameters in coastal reaches and to evaluate the responses of these areas to various natural and anthropogenic stresses. The primary focus of a Coastal Inventory, as proposed to the General Assembly, is to delineate environmentally sensitive areas for management considerations. The Study Committee recognized the utility of a Coastal 0 Inventory to efforts of several state agencies, including the Chesapeake Bay Local Assistance Department; boards and commissions, including the Chesapeake Bay Local Assistance Board and the Board for the Conservation and Development of Public Beaches; and the partner localities of Tidewater Virginia. Throughout all discussions there remained the concept that the Coastal Inventory and the Tidal Rivers Inventory are strongly linked in terms of intent, goals, and methodology. In fact, these efforts are seen each as a part of the total ECOMAPS Project that will provide additional data layers to the program. As such, standards relating to quality assurance, format, dissemination of information, and regional priorities that have been developed in Richmond by the Council on the Environment are applied to each inventory component. The Coastal Inventory and the Tidal Rivers Inventory differ in the specific data layers that they seek to delineate. However, they are so strongly interrelated for application of decisions on land use management and the development of critical preservation areas, that they must continue in tandem as a unified Comprehensive Coastal Inventory (CCI). Reporting of activities will henceforth incorporate aspects of both initial programs under the comprehensive program. General Objective. The specific objective of the Comprehensive Coastal Inventory is to develop, create, update, and maintain a GIS-format inventory of the Virginia tidal shoreline. The focus will be the delineation of environmentally sensitive zones for shoreline management programs. The flexibility of the GIS base will allow the system to be queried for quantitative assessments of shoreline conditions. Subsequent research efforts may allow the development of causal models from the data base. The following elements are specifically targeted for coverage: Tidal wetlands inventories Watersheds First-order streams Transportation network Elevation Shoreline position (tidal datum) 2 Shoreline erosion/accretion Dune/bluff presence and characteristics General nearshore bathymetry Nearshore sediment characteristics General wind and wave climate Nearshore land use Distribution of shoreline structures Land ownership: State and public claims In addition, it is anticipated that an interface will be developed with other projects in the ECOMAPS Program, including soils information, non-tidal wetlands, shellfish beds, submerged aquatic vegetation and critical habitats. 0 Specific Objectives: 1989-1990. * Develop and refine hardware and software capabilities * Complete the data-layer coverages of the above-listed parameters for the Northern Neck region: Westmoreland, Lancaster, Richmond, and Northumberland Counties * Provide a narrated video coverage of current coastal conditions to each of the affected local governments in the Northern Neck region * Provide digital data sets to the Virginia Rivers Inventory for p each of the elements surveyed * Provide map folios and data descriptions for each layer of data * Continue to develop a river system analytical framework (Pamunkey) I * Develop procedures to coordinate local needs with specific data Summary of Results: 1989-1990. The 1989-1990 data collection effort was limited geographically to the p four counties commonly referred to as the Northern Neck: Westmoreland, Lancaster, Richmond, and Northumberland. Data acquisition methodologies, storage and retrieval techniques, and applications software were tested. In addition, field tests were made of surveying and mapping accuracy and tests of the impacts of scale on map precision and replication were completed (ref. Chapter 4). Of the 14 layers of data targeted for eventual inclusion, seven primary coverages were completed in-house. These include: Tidal wetlands inventories Shoreline position (3 levels: 1:1,000,000; 1:24,000; 1:5,000) Shoreline erosion/accretion Dune/bluff presence and characteristics (qualitative) Nearshore bathymetry (limited to subaerial and intertidal areas) Sediment characteristics Shoreline structures (qualitative) 3 In addition, nearshore land use and elevation data have been supplied by the Department of Conservation and Recreation, Division of Soil and Water Conservation, so that the linkage between data collected for this program and those collected through the VIRGIS mapping effort may be established. First order stream and transportation network data were provided through the U.S.G.S. Digital Line Graph database. Quantitative assessments of watershed boundaries, public oyster grounds, and wind and wave climatology are underway. An assessment of state and public claims to coastal lands was completed for Accomack County and will be reported separately. Selected accomplishments relative to specific task elements are detailed below: 1. Vertical aerial imagery was collected for each of four counties in the Northern Neck: Westmoreland, Lancaster, Northumberland and Richmond. Coverage included all tidal shorelines, to the head of each tidal creek (ref. Chapter 6). Imagery was photographed by VIMS photographers from the VIMS research aircraft (1953 de Haviland Beaver) at a scale of 1:7200 (1"=600'). The imagery will be used to update shoreline positions for calculations of erosion and accretion and to update the wetlands inventories. The 1989 aerial imagery was organized into annotated reference notebooks for each county that explained methodology, flight lines, reference locations, and other information pertinent to the interpretation of the photography. 2. Oblique video imagery was acquired for all tidal shorelines in each of the four Northern Neck counties (ref. Chapter 5). The imagery was filmed at an altitude of 500 ft using 20-minute broadcast quality video cassettes. The tapes have been edited and narration added. The narrative explains basic concepts of shoreline processes and how those processes can be used to provide better management in coastal areas. The specific physical, biological, and anthropogenic conditions of each segment of tidal shoreline are explained. 3. The most important data set that has been acquired for this project is a high-resolution, accurate, baseline shoreline measurement, against which all other data sets are plotted (ref. Chapter 3). The Virginia Marine Resources Commission (VMRC) mapped a high-resolution, double-precision shoreline data set from 1976 aerial photography. Research shows these to be the most accurate shoreline maps currently available in the Commonwealth. Through a cooperative arrangement with the VMRC, these maps have been made available for digitizing and entering into the Comprehensive Coastal Inventory. Digitizing has been completed for the Northern Neck area. 4. Sediment size data and shoreface slope measurements are necessary to forecast potential storm surge incursion and erosion rates as well as provide a data base from which to manage the Commonwealth's sand allocation procedures through the Shoreline Programs Bureau of the Department of Conservation and Recreation. Sediment samples and beach slope measurements have been collected from the subaerial and intertidal beaches at 500-meter intervals along the tidal shorelines, or wherever there is a significant change in sediment size or beach slope (ref. Chapter 10). 4 5. The extent and characteristics of tidal wetlands in the Northern Neck were digitized from the existing Tidal Marsh Inventory Reports published by the Wetlands Research Program at the Virginia Institute of Marine Science (ref. Chapter 11). Other regions of interest in Tidewater Virginia have also been included in the GIS database (Appendix 1). A system query will produce both maps of wetlands and tables of various attributes associated with each area. In addition, a comparative study was made of changes in wetland areas in King William County over a 38-year time period. 6. The 1981 Shoreline Inventory and subsequent 1985 update, performed by VIMS, maps shoreline type, engineering structures, erosion rates and land use on a reach-by-reach basis. This information has been transferred to an INFO format and has been adapted for use in the Comprehensive Coastal Inventory (ref. Chapter 13). The video and aerial imagery are being used to update this data base. Information included in this data base covers historical, long-term (100-yr) rates of shoreline change, coastal type (bluffs, sandy beaches, wetlands, etc.), shoreline orientation, land use, and structures. These data now provide a solid qualitative data base. In future years, these data will be updated and digitized to provide a basis for quantitative comparisons. 7. Three tests were performed to determine the software capabilities relative to posing possible management scenarios. In one case, the impacts of inundation on tidal wetlands in the Pamunkey River study area due to sea level rise were evaluated (ref. Chapter 16). The second scenario uses aerial imagery and the GIS system to delineate shoreline type versus upland land use, and establishes a method by which the functional value of existing wetlands can be evaluated on a reach by reach basis (ref. Chapter 15). The third test developed the requisite procedures for analyzing rates of shoreline change through a site test (ref. Chapter 14). 8. In order to match shorelines mapped from the recent aerial imagery to the baseline shoreline digitized from the VMRC maps, it is necessary to survey physical features from the imagery and relate those features to control points on the shoreline maps. The Potomac shorelines of Westmoreland county were surveyed using a total station system. This provides very high resolution (0.02 Z error) control points. However, the time and cost to produce the survey are prohibitive on a Bay-wide basis within the scope of this project. Surveys using satellite-derived global positioning systems have been researched and demonstrated. These methods are cost-effective and provide accuracy to within 1.5 meters. A cost and efficiency analysis was performed that indicated the desirability of GPS for the applications considered within the scope of this project. 5 I 0 .CHAPTER II. VIMS SHORELINE COVERAGE 0 I I 0 I 0 0 1 II. VIMS SHORELINE COVERAGE The Shoreline Coverage (SHL) is a record of the mean high water shoreline position digitized at a scale of 1:24,000 from the U.S. Geological Survey 7.5 minute topographic map series. The U.S. Geological Survey reports an error of approximately +/- 10 meters in the position of this line. The coverage serves as the base shoreline for subsequent coverages like the Tidal Marsh Inventory (TMI) and Flight Line Coverage (FLL) which are plotted at 1:24,000. Following is documentation pertaining to the SHL coverage and a complete map folio of existing records. Maps are represented here at a scale of 1:68,000 for publication purposes only. 6 Virginia Institute of Marine Science GIS Laboratory GEOGRAPHIC DATA SET DESCRIPTION VIMS GIS Lab Prefix SHL Data Layer Name Tidal Shoreline. Medium Resolution (MLW) Description Tidal Shoreline digitized at 1:24.000. These follow the 'blue line' shoreline aDDearine on USGS toDos. reDresenting MLW. These coverales are used as the base maD for subsequent lavers (such as TMI). Year(s) Collected Latest USGS ToDo available Base Maps used for Digitizing mvlar USGS ToDo maDs Digitizing Scale 1:24000 Map Projection UTM Zone 18 Geographic Extent Selected areas of Coastal VA.. generallv the same meograDhic coverage as the VIMS Tidal Marsh Inventory (TMI) laver. How Collected (Describe): Tidal shoreline was followed at oDerator determined dizitizinR rate. Actual/Intended Use or Purpose: Used as the base coverage for all other coverales digitized at a scale of 1:24.000. 7 VA TIDAL RIVERS INVENTORY AVERAGE TIME AND DISC SPACE USED* SHORELINE INVENTORY MAP TIME DISC NUMBER I SPACE SHL5207 7.0 1 237568 SHL5208 I 4.0 i 118784 SHL5210 1 4.5 I 69632 SHL5307 4.5 1 188416 SHL5310 4.0 I 94208 SHL5407 I 5.0 I 212992 SHL5409 I 2.5 I 114688 SHL5413 I 3.5 1 90112 SHL5414 I 5.0 1 102400 SHL5415 I 4.75 I 122880 SHL5506 I 3.5 77824 SHL5507 1 10.75 i 278528 SHL5512 13.0 I 131072 SHL5513 5.0 i 163840 SHL5514 i 3.0 I 94208 SHL5515 I 1.0 i 61440 SHL5607 1 10.75 I 231424 SHL5610 I 6.0 1 73728 SHL5611 I 1.0 I 73728 SHL5612 i 9.0 I 131072 SHL5613 i 3.0 I 73728 SHL5707 I 5.5 i 126976 SHL5710 I 1.75 1 77824 SHL5711 11.00 i 139264 SHL5712 I 3.0 I 86016 SHL5713 I 4.0 I 122880 SHL5802 I 1.75 i 81920 SHL5804 15.0 I 249856 SHL5807 I 10.0 1 245760 SHL58081 1.0 1 26864 SHL5809 I 7.75 I 118784 SHL5810 i 7.0 i 88920 SHL5811 I 2.0 I 40960 SHL5812 i 4.75 i 110592 SHL5813 i 2.5 i 92160 SHL5814 i 1.0 I 61440 SHL5903 I 20.5 I 425984 SHL5905 i 8.0 I 106696 SHL5907 I 11.0 I 409600 SHL5908 I 7.0 I 192512 SHL5909 I 3.75 1 92160 MAP TIME DISC NUMBER I I SPACE SHL5910 I 13.0 I 67584 SHL5911 1 2.0 1 36864 SHL5912 I 18.0 I 233472 SHL5913 I 2.0 I 65536 SHL6006 I 6.0 I 245760 SHL6007 i 11.5 -i 196608 SHL6008 I 18.5 1I 417792 SHL6009 i 4.5 i 71680 SHL6010 I 7.0 I 77824 SHL6011 I 17.25 1 278528 SHL6012 I 4.75 I 192512 SHL6103 I 11.0 1 286720 SHL5904 I 17.00 i 196608 AVERAGE I 6.7 I 149856.4 -* TIME IN HOURS, DISC SPACE IN BYTES VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES SHL5907 1:24000 SHORELINE , UPLAND ACHILLES - ATER GLOUCESTER CO 10 VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES SHL5804 1:24000 SHORELINE xvs UPLAND BENNS CHURCH WATER ISLE OF WIGHT CO VIMS COASTAL VINVENTORIES SLQ. 1:24000 SHORELINE \\\UPLAND BURGESS W ATER NORTHUMBERLAND CO 12 0 I VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES SHL5513 1:24000 SHORELINE ~ULN C HAM9P LA IN W ATER 0 W~~~~ ESTMORELAND CO 1 13 VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES SHL5407 1:24000 SHORELINE x\\\ UPLAND CHARLES CITY WATER CHARLES CITY COUNTY 14 VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES S L 5 71 0 1:24000 SHORELINE \\ UP-LAND CHURCH VIE -WAR MIDDLESEX CO O~N ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~16 1 VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES SHL5807 1:24000 SHORELINE xx, UPLAND CLAY BANK WATER GLOUCESTER COUNTY VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES SHL5515 1:24000 SHORELINE x\& UPLAND COLONIAL BEACH NORTH -WATER WESTMORELAND CO VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES SH1L514 1:24000 SHORELINE & UPLAND COLONIAL BEACH SOUTH W- ATER WESTMORELAND CO VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES SI L 54t15 1:24000 SHORELINE \�& UPLAND DAIIGREN W ATER 'WESTMORELAND CO 20 VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES Sl00 1:24000 SHORELINE x\& UPLAND DELTAVILLE WATER MIDDLESEX CO VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES SHL5611 1: 24000 SHORELINE , ~- UPLAND DUNNSVILLE - WATER ESSEX COUNTY 22 EN~~~~~~~~~ 1 ~ ~ ~ VM OSA NETRE ~~~~1200SOEINEULN I~~~~~~DTC A p~~~~HRE IYCUT I~~~~~~~~~~~~~2 VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES SHL6010 1:24000 SHORELINE \ UPLAND FLEETS BAY WATER LANCASTER CO 24 VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES SHL5B0B 1:24000 SHORELINE are UPLAND GLOUCESTER - ATER GLOUCESTER CO 25 VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES SHL5712 1:24000 SHORELINE \ UPLAND ;UPLAND HAYNESVILLE ATER RICHMOND CO 26 VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES SHL5912 1:24000 SHORELINE x& UPLAND HEATHSVILLE - ATER NORTHUMBERLAND CO VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES SHL5207 1:24000 SHORELINE , UPLAND HOPEWELL WATER CHARLES CITY COUNTY 28 1\00 VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES 8 H L 5 9I 1:24000 SHORELINE \\\ UPLAND IRVINGTON -W'ATER ILANCASTER CO 29 K\ N-. . j3 ?` tdm:~ N. .NNN ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ \\\ N.. NN ~ \~\ N~~~~~~~~~\ \NNN 7 \\N\ >~NN\NNNNN\ KW *~8~�&t �& \ZNS'> \.\ N\NNNN\\\NNN\\NNNNNNNN\\NNNNN\N N N\NNNN\NN\' \�N\~�NN\NN~N\\NN\\NNN\ \NN N NN\ \\ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ N N N\NN :S ~ \\N\NNNXNNN\N\NN\N NN\ ~~\\\~~~~~\\\ \N? tz&%KzczzN~NK$�N~~z888&KN"N""' \ \\NNN\\NN"\'AN\\ \\N\\N\ \~f \\\\\\N\\\N\NN\N\N\ NNNN N - ~i "\ ~~~~~8S~~~N\\\\ N\\NNNNNN\\NNNNNNN\\NN \N'N N \N "A N' N\ NN\ N. N \\\N\ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ \�1,~~,,~~,~~,~,,~~~�`:~\, >NN\SN'NO%\K A\\\\\\N\\N.N'\N'N\N'N' .\N\\\N\\NN~NN\ \N\N N Naru N\N\\N\NNN\NNN\N\N\ N'NN\N\N\\ NNNNN'\NNNNN\NN\\ E N\N NNNN-- BE \NNN\\NN\\ \\NNN NN\NNNNNN \NNN\.N - \-- -NNNNNNNNN 1:24000 SHORELINE UPLAND LANCAST ER WATER NORTHUMBERLAND CO 31 VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES SHL5811 1:24000 SHORELINE UPLAND LIVELY WATER LANCASTER CO 32 VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES SHL5413 1:24000 SHORELINE \ UPLAND LORETTO - ATER WESTMORELAND CO 33 VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES SHL58I.2 1:24000 SHORELINE \\\NV UPLAND LOTTSBURG W ATER NORTHUMBERLAND CO 34 VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES S HL 571 3 1:24000 SHORELINE \\\UPLAND MACHODOC -W'ATER W'ESTMORELAND CO 35 EN~~~~~~~~~~~~ VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES S151 1:24000 SHORELINE \ ULN MANQUIN - EATEUPLAN KING WILLIAM CO 36 VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES SISO 1:24000 SHORELINE \\\ UPLAND MATHIEWS W ATER MATHEWS CO I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~37 I~~~~~~~N nN ~~~~~~~N\ .\\\CASTL\NVNTORIES\N\NNN\\\\\NN\NN\N\\\NNN\N\\N\\\NNN\ 1\40 HRLNE\N\\\\\\\N\NN\N\\\\N\\\N\\\\N\\NN\AN\N\\\\N\\N\ MO~~~~NT\N\\\\\\N\\\\OSSNN\\\\\\N N\N\\\~~~~~~~~~~~~~~FT \\\N\N\\\\\\\\NN\\\\\\ N\\\\\\\\N\N\N\\\\N WESTMRELAN NC\O\\\\\\N\NN\\\N\\\\N \NN\\N\\NN\\NNN\\N\ ~~~~3 I VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES SHL 5 7 1 1 1:24000 SHORELINE \\\\ UPLAND MORATTICO WATER RICHMOND COUNTY 39 VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES SHL5512 1:24000 SHORELINE x UPLAND MT. LAND ING -WATER ESSEX CO 40 VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES 8HL6007 1:24000 SHORELINE UPLAND NEW POINT COMFORT WATER MATHEWS CO 41 VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES SHL5905 1:24000 SHOREINE xx' UPLAND NEWPORT NEWS NORTH -WATER CITY OF NEWPORT NEWS 42 VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES SHL5607 1:24000 SHORELINE .\ UPLAND NORGE WATER JAMES CITY COUNTY 43 VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES SHLS814 1:24000 SHORELINE x\& UPLAND PINEY POINT - WATER I WESTMORELAND CO 44 VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES SHL6006 1:24000 SHORELINE \\ UPLAND POQUOSON EAST WATER YORK CO 45 ~~~VISCATINETRSSL61 ~~~~1240SHRLN I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~\XULN ~~~~~EDILL 1:4N0SORTHMERIE~ULAND C 1 ~~~~~~~~~~~~46 VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES SHL5414 1:24000 SHORELINE US UPLAND ROLLINS FORK -WATER WESTMORELAND CO 47 I I I I I VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES SHL59I3 1:24000 SHORELINE x\& UPLAND ST. GEORGE ISLAND WATER NORTHUMBERLAND CO 48 E~~~~~~~~~N I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~E VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES S150 1:24000 SHORELINE ~ULN SALUDA -W'ATER MIDDLESEX CO 49 VISCOSAINETRESL51 ~~~~12 00SOEINEULN 1~~~~~TAFR HALL WATER___ I~~~~' ESMRLN CO- VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES sH9L 521 0 1:24000 SHOREINE \\\UPLAND STUDLEY W ATER HANOVER CO VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIESSL5t 1:24000 SHORELINE \\\ UPLAND TAPPAHANNOCK W 'ATER p ~~~~RICHMOND CO 52 VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIESSH5I 1:24000 SHORELINE \\\UPLAND TRUHART W ATER KING AND QUEEN CO 53 R\W~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0 VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES SHL5409 1:24000 SHORELINE Uxs, UPLAND TUNSTALL A T E R NEW KENT COUNTY 54 VIMCOSAINETRE 1200SOEIN\\NULD <p~MNN AE LNCATRC N~~~5 VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES SHL5908 1:24000 SHORELINE U,-P UPLAND WARE NECK WATER GLOUCESTER CO 56 VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES SHL5307 1:24000 SHORELINE x\\\ UPLAND WESTOVER WATER CHARLES CITY COUNTY I ~~~~~~~~~~~~57 VISCOSAINETRESL50 ~~~~~1200SOEINUPI D ~~~~~~ILIMBRWAE I~~~~~OKCUT I~~~~~~~~~~~~~5 VIMS COASTAL INVENTORIES S150 1:24000 SHORELINE \\&' UPLAND U L TO0N - ATER MIDDLESEX CO p ~~~~~~~~~~~~59 I I CHAPTER III. VMRC SHORELINE COVERAGE l l III. VMRC SHORELINE COVERAGE Introduction. A GIS-based coastal inventory is absolutely dependent on one critical element: a high-resolution, accurate baseline shoreline position. All data layers collected subsequently and all historical information will be referenced to this GIS-defined datum. Because a database is only as accurate as its coarsest layer, the baseline establishes the maximum resolution to which all other data sets aspire. The salient characteristics of the baseline shoreline are: * Highest resolution (largest scale) of all expected data * Most accurate of available data sets, as established by extensive ground-truthing and verification * High precision levels; can be replicated * Well-documented Virginia Marine Resources Commission (VMRC) Shoreline Maps. An extensive research effort was undertaken to determine the most accurate and most extensive shoreline database available for the State of Virginia. After reviewing existing information at federal and state repositories, including the U.S. Geological Survey, National Ocean Service, various Office of Coastal Resource Management contractors, and extant digital shoreline databases at the University of Virginia, it was determined that the Virginia Marine Resources Commission (VMRC) had produced the most accurate, recent, and extensive shoreline maps. The VMRC maps were produced at a 1:5000 scale from a 1976 aerial survey of selected portions of Virginia's tidal shorelines (Figure 1) undertaken to delineate oyster ground lease boundaries. Double precision mapping techniques were employed throughout. In addition, extensive ground surveying and reconnaissance checks were undertaken by VMRC staff to assure map accuracy. The relatively large scale of these maps (1:5000, or 1" = 416') permits these data to be used to address local as well as regional environmental planning issues. Shoreline Data Entry. Original stable-base drafts of the 1976 VMRC shoreline maps were reproduced on double matte mylar by a local engineering service agent. The original map drafts are stored at the VMRC office in Newport News, Virginia. The mylar copies and the digital record are housed at the Coastal Inventory Facility, College of William and Mary, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, Virginia. Public access to the information may be achieved through the Council on the Environment, ECOMAPS Program, Richmond, Virginia, which retains digital files of all data collected in the Comprehensive Coastal Inventory. 60 1"-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~i~~~~~1 �~~~ r A t . o k I'-- ~ ~ --t-rx -1/ I :i~~~~~~~~~~ $-.~~~~~~~~~~~~~1 FIGURE 1. Virginia Marine Resources Commission Shoreline Map Index. 61 The VMRC shoreline maps were digitized using a Numonics 2200 Digitabletr interfaced with a Dell 386 personal computer. Data is stored and manipulated through the PC version of the ARCInfoO software package. ARCInfoo is a vector-based GIS that allows the user to store, superimpose, and transform geographic data layers. Data are entered directly from the tablet in inches relative to the Digitablet grid. Corners of the mapped section are identified by actual geographic positions related to a network of surveyed benchmarks. A transformation procedure is performed to translate digital inches into state plane coordinates. Map features are entered and stored at the map scale of 1:5,000; however, they can be retrieved and plotted at any scale. Use of tradenames is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement of this product.2 Use of tradenames is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement of the product. Use of tradenames is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement of the product. 62 GEOGRAPHIC DATA SET DESCRIPTION VIMS GIS Lab Prefix MRC Data Layer Name MARINE RESOURCES SHORELINE Description SHORELINE SURVEYED BY MARINE RESOURCES COMMISSION TO DELINEATE OYSTER GROUND LEASES Year(s) Collected 1976 Base Maps used'for Digitizing SHORELINE MAP (MYLAR MEDIUM) Digitizing Scale 1:5000 Geographic Extent COASTAL VIRGINIA How Collected (Describe): SHORELINE MAPS WERE FROM AERIAL IMAGERY AND DOUBLE PRECISION FIELD RECONNAISSANCE SURVEYS. Actual/Intended Use or Purpose: THIS SHORELINE WILL SERVE AS AN HISTORIC REFERENCE TO SUBSEOUENT SHORE- LINE COVERAGES NOW BEING CREATED. .63 COASTAL INVENTORY AVERAGE TIME AND DISC SPACE USED* MARINE RESOURCES COMMISSION SHORELINE WESTMORELAND COUNTY MAP TIME J DISC NUMBER J SPACE 7202400 2.75 I 833536 7202420 1.75 J 808960 7052400 4.75 837632 7052420 4.75 839680 7052440 2.5 798720 6902420 2.25 823296 6902440 3.25 823296 6752420 5.75 841728 6752440 7.5 843776 6752460- 2.5 798720 6602460 5.25 804864 6602480 4.25 908101 6602500 3.5 942080 6602520 3 3.5 2250752 6602540 5.75 833536 6452500 6.25 882688 6452520 4.75 907264 6452540 7.5 856064 6452560 4.25 908101 6302500. 3.5 841728 6302540 5.0 835584 6302560 4.25 _849920 6152540 4.25 908101 6152560 4.25 908101 6002540 2.5I 819200 6002560 3.25 905216 AVERAGE J 4.25 I 908102 *TIME IN HOURS, DISC SPACE IN BYTES 64 MARINE RESOURCES SHORELINE LEGEND 72024080 g UPLAND ~mm WATER WESTMORELAND CO k N S S $ E X l MARINE RESOURCES SHORELINE LEGEND 72 0 242 O UPLAND _ WATER WEST.ORELAND CO 66 I MARINE RESOURCES SHORELINE LEGEND 7052400 UPLAND WESTMORELAND CO W 67 0~~SCEE$fiSEgtZat% 0~~~Smkg Eg f 0~ M WAERgWgggg WES~~TMOEADC 67g I8 I 0 I I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ MARINE RESOURCES SHORELINE LEGEND 7052420 ONUPLAND WESTMORELAND CO-WAE 68 MARINE RESOURCES SHORELINE LEGEND 6752420 E UPLAND mae :WATER WESTMORELAND CO 69 MAINERSUCSSOEIELGN ~~~~~~724 PAN :4~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ AE 9jjESMRLADC 70 I MARINE RESOURCES SHORELINE LEGEND 6602460 UPLAND WATER WESTMORELAND CO 71 I 0 MAR~INE RESOURCES SHORELINE LEGEND. 6602480 EMUPLAND I ~~~WESTMORELAND CO-WTE 72 MARINE RESOURCES SHORELINE LEGEND 6602500 UPLAND I WATER WESTMORELAND CO 73 MARINE RESOURCES SHORELINE LEGEND 6602520 UPLAND I-1 _ WATER WESTMORELAND CO 74 MARINE RESOURCES SHORELINE LEGEND 6452500 MUPLAND WESTMORELAND CO-WAE 75 MARINE RESOURCES SHORELINE LEGEND 6452520 MUPLAND IWESTMORELAND CO-WAR 76 I I MARINE RESOURCES SHORELINE LEGEND 6452540 UPLA WESTMORELAND CO - WATER < , < fI m S a B < 2 M 7 0~~~ gwSAzf 1~~ i8fiRZ ~~~6424 M UPLAND> I ~~~~WESTMORELAND COWAE I k MARINE RESOURCES SHORELINE LEGEND 6302500 ULN WESTMORELAND COE 7 8 0~~~~~~~~ 8 1~~~~~~~~~~& K8888 MARINE RESOURCES SHORELINE LEGEND 6302500 Fl UPLAND WESTMORELAND COWAE MARINE RESOURCES SHORELINE LEGEND 6302540 UPLAND 0 WESTMORELAND CO - WATER 79 I MARINE RESOURCES SHORELINE LEGEND 6302560 UPLAND WATER WESTMORELAND CO 80 MARINE RESOURCES SHORELINE' LEGEND 6152540. M UPLAND I EmgWATER WESTMORELAND CO WATER 81 Ig MARINE RESOURCES SHORELINE LEGEND 6152560 EM UPLAND WESTMORELAND CO - WATER 82 MARINE RESOURCES SHORELINE LEGEND 6002540 5 UPLAND _ M WATER WESTMORELAND CO 83 pI I .h I I MARINE RESOURCES SHORELINE LEGEND 6002560 EMUPLAND I ~~~WESTMORELAND CO - WATER 84 COASTAL INVENTORY AVERAGE TIME AND DISC SPACE USED* MARINE RESOURCES COMMISSION SHORELINE LANCASTER COUNTY MAP TIME DISC NUMBER SPACE 5402520 5.75 868352 5402540 4.5 847872 5252520 4.25 806912 5252540 6.25 868352 5252580 1.75 811008 5102540 3.25 835584 5102560 3.25 864256 5102580 3.75 856064 5102600 2.5 823296 4952560 3.5 849920 4952580 4.75 929792 4952600 3.5 825344 4952620 15.75 950272 4802560 3.25 854016 4802580 5.25 860160 4802600 2.5 816544 4802620 4.0 888832 4802640 1.75 798720 4652600 3.5 835584 4652620 3.5 872448 4652640 1.25 798720 AVERAGE I 4.25 I 850573 *TIME IN HOURS, DISC SPACE IN BYTES 85 I 0 I 0 1 I MARINE RESOURCES SHORELINE LEGEND 5402540 UPLAND _ WATER I LANCASTER CO 0 86 MARINE RESOURCES SHORELINE LEGEND 5252520 x UPLAND LAC E CWATER LANCASTER CO I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~871 X---xxx x x- ---- MARINE RESOURCES- SHORELINE LEGEND 5252540 F~qUPLAND LANCASTER CO-WAE MARINE RESOURCES SHORELINE LEGEND 52528 UPLAND ~52525 80 I WATER LANCASTER CO 89 MARINE RESOURCES SHORELINE LEGEND 5102540 UPLAND WATER LANCASTER CO 90 I 0 I k 0 I 0 1 MARINE RESOURCES SHORELINE LEGEND 5102560 E UPLAND LANCASTER CO A 91 I MARINE RESOURCES SHORELINE LEGEND 5102580 UPLAND _ WATER LANCASTER CO MARINE RESOURCES SHORELINE LEGEND 5102600 M~~~ UPLAND MwATER LANCASTER CO 93 I 9 I MARINE RESOURCES SHORELINE LEGEND 4952580 UPLAND LANCASTER CO-WAE 1 95 MARINE RESOURCES SHORELINE LEGEND 4802560 UPLAND _ WATER LANCASTER CO 96 MARINE RESOURCES SHORELINE LEGEND 4802580 UPLAND LANCASTER CO 97 MARINE RESOURCES SHORELINE LEGEND 4802600 UPLAND LANCASTER COWTE 98 MARINE RESOURCES SHORELINE LEGEND 4802620 UPLAND I WATER LANCASTER CO 99 MARINE RESOURCES SHORELINE LEGEND 4652600 UPLAND _ WATER LANCASTER CO 100 MAINE RESOURCES SHORELINE LEGEND 4652620 UPLAND I WATER LANCASTER CO 101 COASTAL INVENTORY AVERAGE TIME AND DISC SPACE USED* MARINE RESOURCES COMMISSION SHORELINE RICHMOND COUNTY MAP TIME DISC NUMBER I SPACE l l 6002460 9.0 862208 6002480 3.25 858112 5852460 3 3.75 843776 5852480 3.5 849920 5702460 I 5.0 846029 5702480 5.75 874496 5552460 1 5.0 846029 5552480 1 5.0 I 846029 5552500 5.75 839680 5552520 2.0 808960 5402500 5.5 806912 54025201 5.75 868352 5402540 4.5 847872 5252520 5.0 846029 AVERAGE I 5.0 I 846029 *TIME IN HOURS, DISC SPACE IN BYTES 102 ERR MARINE RESOURCES SHORELINE LEGEND 6002460 EMUPLAND RICHMOND CO-WAE 103 I I I I MARINE RESOURCES SHORELINE LEGEND KM UPLAND 6002480 UPLAND MWATER Ib~ ~RICHMOND CO WATER 104 MARINE RESOURCES SHORELINE LEGEND 5852460 UPLAND /WATER RICHMOND CO MARINE RESOURCES SHORELINE LEGEND 5852480 UPLAND _ ,r WATER RICHMOND CO 106 I MARINE RESOURCES SHORELINE LEGEND 5702460 UPLAND I _ WATER ESSEX CO 107 108 I 0 RICHMOND COW MARINE RESOURCES SHORELINE LEGEND 5552460 UPLAND .I_ WATER ESSEX CO 109 110 MARINE RESOURCES SHORELINE LEGEND 5552500 UPLAND RICHMOND CO 111 0 1 I MARINE RESOURCES SHORELINE LEGEND 5552520 UPLAND m WATER 0t~ ~RICHMOND CO WATER 0I~~~~~~~~ ~ ~ ~112 I I I I I MARINE RESOURCES SHORELINE LGN 5402500 =' UPLAND -~~~~~~~~~~~~~ X RICHMOND CO - 113 X MARINE RESOURCES SHORELINE LECENO 5402500 ULN RICHMOND COWAE ii11 MARINE RESOURCES SHORELINE LEGEND 5402520 UPLAND RICHMOND CO-WAR 114 COASTAL INVENTORY AVERAGE TIME AND DISC SPACE USED* MARINE RESOURCES COMMISSION SHORELINE NORTHUMBERLAND COUNTY MAP TIME DISC NUMBER SPACE I I 6152540 1 3.75 858112 6152560 3.5 866304 6152580 1 2.25 1 811008 6002540 4.75 858282 6002560 4.75 858282 6002580 7.75 905216 6002600 1 4.0 804864 5852560 2.75 813056 5852580 1 4.0 1 841728 5852600 5.0 1 890880 5852620 3.5 839680 5702580 2.0 798720 5702600 1.75 800768 5702620 6.0 874496 5702640 8.75 1 897024 5552580 2.0 819200 5552600 3.5 899072 5552620 15.5 917504 5552640 8.75 915456 5402600 l 2.25 808960 5402620 5.25 911360 5402640 6.0 839680 5252600 1.25 804864 5252620 10.5 978944 5252640 1.5 798720 5102620 4.25 903168 4952600 1 4.75 858282 4952620 4.75 858282 AVERAGE I 4.75 I 858282 *TIME IN HOURS, DISC SPACE IN BYTES 115 I I I I MARINE RESOURCES SHORELINE LEGEND 6152580 UPLAND _ WATER NORTHUMBERLAND CO 116 MARINE RESOURCES SHORELINE LEGEND 6002580 UPLAND / WATER NORTHUMBERLAND CO 117 I I I MARINE RESOURCES SHORELINE LEGEND I 5852580 90 UPLAND M WATER NORTHUMBERLAND CO 118 I I I I MARINE RESOURCES SHORELINE LEGEND 5852600 UPLAND I M~~~~~~~~~~~ WATER NORTHUMBERLAND CO 119 MARINE RESOURCES SHORELINE LEGEND 5852620 EK UPLAND I WATER NORTHUMBERLAND CO l120 I MARINE RESOURCES SHORELINE LEGEND 5702580 UPLAND _m WATER NORTHUMBERLAND CO . 121 0 p MARINE RESOURCES SHORELINE LEGEND M UPLAND 5702600 I 88$m WATER NORTHUMBERLAND CO I:~~~~~~~~~ ~~~122 MARINE RESOURCES SHORELINE LEGEND 5702620 UPLAND WATER NORTHUMBERLAND CO 123 I MARINE RESOURCES SHORELINE LEGEND 1 124 ~~~5702 6 4 0 ULN I WATER - iXNORHMELN C8O t z M t Z t w~~~19. MARINE RESOURCES SHORELINE LEGEND 5552580 UPLAND NORTHUMBERLAND CO _ WATER 125 I I MARINE RESOURCES SHORELINE LEGEND 5552600 UPLAND | J WATER NORTHUMBERLAND CO p 126 0 Emg MARINE RESOURCES SHORELINE LEGEND 5552620 M UPLAND / WATER NORTHUMBERLAND CO 127 I ,C MARINE RESOURCES SHORELINE LEGEND 5552640 UPLAND NORTHUMBERLAND COr 128 1 1 0_h IX I^E >~~~MRN RE ORE SHRLNELGN 5524 _=ULN I = WTE g~~~NRHMELN CO7 1 12 I I MARINE RESOURCES SHORELINE LEGEND 5402600 ULAN NORTHUMBERLAND CO WATER 129 MARINE RESOURCES SHORELINE LEGEND 5402620 UPLAND NORTHUMBERLAND CO 130 130 MARINE RESOURCES SHORELINE LEGEND 5402640 UPLAND NORTHUMBERLAND CO _ WATER 131 MARINE RESOURCES SHORELINE LEGEND 5252620 ULN I NORTHUMBERLAND CO- AE 132 MAIE REORE SHRLN LGEND> 525260 M UPLAND = 0~W M WATER! NORTHUMBfiy2ERLN CO Efl 0~ ~ 1 gB323gg X 0 I MARINE RESOURCES SHORELINE LEGEND 5102620 M UPLAND I M~~~~~~~~~~~ WATER NORTHUMBERLAND CO 133 MARINE RESOURCES SHORELINE LEGEND 4952600 UPLAND m_ WATER NORTHUMBERLAND CO 134 I MARINE RESOURCES SHORELINE LEGEND 4952620 UPLAND WATER NORTHUMBERLAND CO 135 p l CHAPTER IV. NAPPING SCALES i ii IV. MAPPING SCALES The development and utility of a computer-based GIS system is critically dependent on the accuracy and precision of primary data layers like shoreline coverages to which all subsequent coverages are superimposed. The elements of accuracy and precision define the quality of the database. Accuracy is a measure of exactness or correctutude: that is, how well does the line on the map that represents the land/water interface correspond to the actual geographic location of that interface. Precision is a meausre of the degree of refinement with which a measurement can be made. It is usually associated with the operational limits of a particular technique or instrument. For example, a particular reach of shoreline may be digitized from an aerial photograph. The operator may digitize a line that he interprets as the land/water interface. Subsequent ground surveys establish that the actual position of the shoreline varies by as much as 30 meters from the mapped line. The accuracy of the shoreline database, therefore, can only be verified within an error bar of +/- 15 meters. The digitizer used may be capable of recognizing a measurement to .001 cm. At a scale of 1:5,000, the ground distance represented by the measurement limits is +/- .05 m. This value places precision limits on the mapping operation. The total amount of error associated with both methodology and instrumentation must be assessed to establish the quality of any particular data coverge. To maintain accuracy and precision standards it is essential that geographic data be represented at scales no finer than those at which the data was originally mapped. Since several data coverages included in the Comprehensive Coastal Inventory were originally mapped at coarse scales, the acquisition or creation of low resolution shoreline data was necessary. The 1:100,000 scale shoreline record (ref. Chapter 12) created by the U.S. Geological Survey was incorporated into the GIS to allow for primary and secondary transportation networks, mapped at a scale of 1:100,000, to be accurately plotted within the constraints that the scale itself permits. To map this data at finer scales like 1:24,000 would have introduced error beyond the standards of this project. The tidal marsh coverage (ref. Chapter 11) was originally delineated at a scale of 1:24,000. Therefore, a 1:24,000 shoreline coverage was created in-house to serve as the base coverage for the tidal marsh records. Updates to the tidal marsh inventory can be made at finer scales (e.g. 1:5,000), but a first run comparsion of this data to the existing inventories must be made at a scale of 1:24,000. The VMRC shoreline maps were produced at a scale of 1:5,000 (ref. Chapter 3). This is the highest resolution shoreline base in the Inventory to date.It serves as the baseline coverage to plot all newly acquired shoreline data. 136 The 1989 shoreline coverage is developed from the interpretation of geographically registered vertical photographs (ref. Chapter 8). These images (ref. Chapter 6) were photographed at an altitude of 4400 feet, yielding a scale of 1:7200 or 1 inch on the photograph is equivalent to 605 feet on the ground. Once completed, a high resolution shoreline coverage at 1:7200 will be incorporated into the GIS. The relatively large scale of the VMRC maps (1:5,000 or 1" = 416') and the GIS 1989 shoreline maps (1:7,200 or 1" = 605') permits data at these scales to be used to address local as well as regional environmental planning issues. The small scale alternative sources such as the U.S. Geological Survey Digital Line Graph (DLG) database (1:100,000), and the National Wetlands Inventory and Tidal Harsh Inventory digital shoreline databases (1:24,000) establish a resolution level that is unacceptably low for most management uses. In addition, accuracy (+/- 10 m at 1:24,000), and precision limits (line width = 2.4 m ground distance at 1:24,000) are undesirable for the anticipated applications of the Comprehensive Coastal Inventory. A folio of shoreline comparisions, each digitized at different scales, is included to illustrate the potential variations in map interpretation and geographic data analysis which can result from superimposing coverages digitized at different scales. The following shoreline comparisions were made for a portion of the St. Clements Island Quadrangle sheet in Westmoreland County: * 1:100,000 vs. 1:5,000 * 1:24,000 vs. 1:5,000 * 1:7,200 vs. 1:5,000 137 SHORELINE COMPARISON St. Clements Island Quadrangle AZ 1:5000 VMRC Shoreline 4,lX 1:100000 USGS Shoreline w - l w w l o w SHORELINE COMPARISON St. Clements Island Quadrangle ,x 1:5000 VMRC Shoreline ZAX 1:24000 USGS Shoreline VIMS SHORELINE COMPARISON STUDY Westmoreland County 47 1976 VMRC Shoreline z4,' 1989 VIMS Shoreline S.o VIMS SHORELINE COMPARISON STUDY Westmoreland County A,- 1976 VMRC Shoreline flx 1989 VIMS Shoreline /~~ /t0'0/,/ % %a4s VIMS SHORELINE COMPARISON STUDY Westmoreland County /' 1976 VMRC Shoreline 1989 VIMS Shoreline Soo~~~~~~x mG~, ~PI 50. 1 VIMS SHORELINE COMPARISON STUDY Westmoreland County /zV 1976 VMRC Shoreline e4 1989 VIMS Shoreline POTOMAC'RIVER %c p I CHAPTER V. VIDEO COVERAGE I p I I I V. VIDEO COVERAGE An aerial video coverage was produced for each of the four Northern Neck counties to assess general shore use and condition. Flights were flown at an altitude of 500 feet from a 1953 de Haviland Beaver. Videos were filmed on 3/4 inch, broadcast quality video cassettes using a JVC video camera. Optimal filming conditions required high visibility, low turbulence, and a cloud ceiling greater than 600 feet above ground level (AGL). A general flight path was determined prior to take-off to ensure continuity in filming the shoreline. This would ultimately limit editing requirements in the laboratory later. The field crew consisted of a pilot, photographer, and a staff marine scientist who was responsible for documenting film location and noting general shoreline conditions observed during flight. Approximately thirty hours of flight time were required to complete the coverage. In laboratory facilities at the Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, Virginia, two 3/4 inch tape decks were used to preview and nrough" edit the original master tape. Acetate overlays of regional 7.5 minute U.S. Geological Survey topographic maps were drafted for insertion into the final film product to provide the viewer with flight path and area location information. Maps were inserted, and the final product spliced and cleaned at the Educational Media Center (EMC) at the College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia. A narrative was prepared and synchronized to the final product. Information relating to shore condition, stabilization, land ownership and use was stressed. Data reported in existing publications provided information on shoreline erosion and accretion rates, sediment volume inputs, tidal marsh vegetation and nearshore bathymetry. 144 I I I CHAPTER VI. AERIAL IMAGERY I I - I I I I I I VI. AERIAL IMAGERY Vertical aerial imagery was collected during the period between May and November, 1989, for each of four counties in the Northern Neck: Westmoreland, Lancaster, Richmond, and Northumberland. Coverage included all tidal shorelines, to the head of each tidal creek. Imagery was photographed by VIMS photographers through a floor mount in the VIMS research aircraft (1953 de Haviland Beaver) at an altitude of 4400 ft above ground level (AGL), resulting in an approximate image scale of 1:7,200. A bubble level was used to level the camera relative to the ground during flight, thus minimizing tilt distortion in the photograph. Minimum flight conditions were established at three miles visibility and a ceiling of 4500 ft AGL. Aircraft speed was held at approximately 100 knots with incidental variations due to weather conditions. A Hasselblad 500EL, 70-mm camera equipped with a 50-mm lens and loaded with Kodak VPS 2106-S film was used for all vertical imagery. A shutter speed of 1/250 sec and an ASA setting of 125 resulted in the best image quality. A 35-mm camera was carried for light metering. Flight lines were determined in the laboratory using a coverage area chart derived from the ground projection of the photo image at a standard 4400 ft AGL flight altitude. Using the VIMS camera and mount, the coverage ratio at this altitude is 1:1.1, where one foot of altitude allows 1.1 ft2 of ground coverage in a single photo frame. Along the flight path, image overlap ranges between 20% and 60%. Lateral overlap varies between 10% and 25%. Flight lines wre plotted on U.S. Geological Survey 7.5 minute series topographic maps. Subsequent to flight verification, flight lines were digitized and entered into the ARCInfo@ format (ref. Chapter 7). Film was developed by an independent photographic service using a C-41 developing process. Eight inch square color prints were processed to include the full negative frame. Given the flight conditions and photographic procedures, each 8"x8" print is scaled at 1:7,200, where one inch on the image represents 605 linear feet ground distance. Distortions inherent in the photographs can be attributed to the developing process, pitch and roll of the aircraft, and radial lens distortion where the level of distortion increases towards the edges of the images. Some of these distortions are corrected in the mapping process (ref. Chapter 8). The 1989 aerial imagery was organized into annotated reference notebooks for each county that explained methodology, flight lines, reference locations, and other information pertinent to the interpretation of the photography. Five sets of each county coverage were printed and compiled. These sets were distributed as follows: 1 - Council on the Environment 1 - Local Planning District Commission 1 - Field notebook 2 - VIMS working copy and archive 145 The imagery was used to update shoreline positions for calculations of erosion and accretion and to update the wetlands inventories. The copies of the -notebooks that were delivered to the Northern Neck Planning District Commission were distributed to the appropriate county officials. The notebooks are being-used to assist in local planning and zoning decisions. 146 AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY DATA NORTHERN NECK PROJECT COUNTY: Westmoreland FLIGHT DATE: 9 May 1989, Tuesday ALTITUDE: 4400 ft. ASL FLIGHT LINES: A-Q (see associated topographic maps) Location Time Flown Flight Line # of photos Rosier Creek 10:50 A 4 Colonial Beach 10:45 B 8 Goldman Creek 10:55 C 3 Col. Bch./Monroe Bay 11:00 D 5 Monroe Creek 11:00 E 3 Mattox Creek 11:05 F 7 Mattox Creek 11:15 G 7 Washington's Birthplace 11:25 H 6 Pope's Creek 11:25 I 3 Pope's Creek 11:35 J 5 Pope's Creek to Haulover Inlet 11:40-11:45 K 13 Hollis Marsh Island 11:50 L 6 Cold Harbor Creek area 11:50 M 3 Currioman Bay shore 11:55 N 6 Currioman Creek to Nomini Creek 12:00 0 8 Barnes Creek 12:05 P 3 Pierce Creek 12:10 Q 5 Haulover Point 12:15 Altitude: 500 ft. 2 photos 147 AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY DATA NORTHERN NECK PROJECT COUNTY: Westmoreland FLIGHT DATE: 22 May 1989, Monday ALTITUDE: 4400 ft. ASL FLIGHT LINES: R-KK (see associated topographic maps) Location Time Flown Flight Line # of photos Nomini Creek (from Nomini Bridge to Beales Mill Run) 12:05 R 7 Templeman Run 12:10 S 2 Nomini Creek (from Nomini Bridge to mouth, east shore) 12:15-12:25 T 7 Buckner Creek 12:30 U 4 Nomini Bay east shore 12:35 V 3 Lower Machodoc Creek west shore 12:40 W 9 Lower Machodoc Creek (west shore area) 12:40 X (overlaps W) 4 Head of Lower Machodoc Creek 12:45 Y 7 Lower Machodoc Creek east shore 12:50 Z 7 Potomac River (Lower Machodoc Creek to Ragged Point) 12:50 AA 2 Potomac River (Long Pond area to Jackson Creek) 12:55 BB 6 Gardner Creek head 13:00 CC 2 Jackson Creek 13:00 DD 2 Potomac River (Jackson Ck. to Yeocomico R.) 13:05-13:10 EE 10 148 Bonum Creek 13:05 FF 3 NW Yeocomico River 13:10 GG 2 NJW Yeocomico River 13:15 HH 3 NW Yeocomico River (White Point Creek) 13:15 II2 West Yeocomico River 13:20 JJ 5 West Yeocomico River (Hampton Hall Br.) 13:25 KK 4 149 AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY DATA NORTHERN NECK PROJECT COUNTY: Westmoreland FLIGHT DATE: 25 May 1989, Thursday ALTITUDE: 4400 ft. ASL FLIGHT LINES: LL-QQ (see associateditopographic maps) Location Time Flown Flight Line # of photos Brockenbrough Creek to Peedee Creek (Rappahannock R.) 12:05 LL 6 Peedee Ck. Head 12:10 MM 3 Rappahannock River (Peedee Creek to Drakes Marsh) 12:15-12:20 NN 10 Drakes Marsh 12:20 00 2 Rappahannock River (Drakes Marsh to Owl Hollow) 12:25 PP 8 Rappahannock River (Owl Hollow to Bristol Mine Run) 12:30 QQ 3 (last flight line in Westmoreland County) 150 AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY DATA NORTHERN NECK PROJECT COUNTY: Lancaster FLIGHT DATE: 14 June 1989, Wednesday ALTITUDE: 4400 ft. ASL FLIGHT LINES: A-H (see associated topographic maps) Location Time Flown Flight Line # of Photos Indian Creek 14:10 A 5 Pittman's Cove 14:10 B 2 Dymer Creek (north shore) 14:15 C 5 Dymer Creek (south shore) 14:20 D 6 Tabb's Creek (north side) 14:25 E 4 Tabb's Creek (south side) 14:25 F 3 Antipoison Creek (north shore) 14:30 G 4 Antipoison Creek (south shore to Little Bay) 14:35 H 5 151 AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY DATA NORTHERN NECK PROJECT COUNTY: Lancaster FLIGHT DATE: 2 July 1989, Sunday ALTITUDE: 4400 ft. ASL FLIGHT LINES: I-BB(partial) (see associated topographic maps) Location Time Flown Flight Line # of Photos Fleets Island 10:40 I 5 Fleets Island 10:45 J 3 Mouth of Rappahannock Riv. (Windmill Point Creek to Mosquito Point) 10:50 K 7 Rappahannock River shore (Mosquito Point to Cherry Point) 10:55 L 5 Rappahannock River shore (Cherry Pt. to Carter Ck. Norris Bridge area) 11:00 M 5 Eastern Branch of Carter Ck. 11:10 N 4 Carter Creek (east shore) 11:05 0 3 Carter Creek (west shore) 11:05 P 4 Corrotoman River east shore (Orchard Pt to Taylor Ck) 11:35 Q 4 Taylor Creek 11:30 R 2 Moran Creek 11:25 S 2 Eastern Branch of Corrotoman River 11:15 T 6 Eastern Branch of Corrotoman River (Brown's Ck/Quarter Cove) 11:20 U 4 Eastern Branch of Corrotoman River (Hill's Ck./Bell's Ck.) 11:20 V 4 152 Western Branch of Corrotoman River (West Point-Little Branch) 13:15-13:20 W 9 Western Branch of Corrotoman River (Upper) 13:05-13:10 X 7 Western Branch of Corrotoman River (Senior Ck.-Bar Pt. Light) 13:25 Y 5 Myer Creek 13:30 Z 5 Corrotoman River west shore (Town Ck.-Whitehouse Ck.) 13:35 AA 4 Rappahannock River shore (Towles Point-Rocky Neck) 13:40-13:50 BB (photo 1-14) 14 (23total) 153 AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY DATA NORTHERN NECK PROJECT COUNTY: Lancaster FLIGHT DATE: 31 August 1989, Thursday ALTITUDE: 4400 ft. ASL FLIGHT LINES: BB(partial)-EE (see associated topographic maps) Location Time Flown Flight Line # of Photos Rocky Neck area to Deep Creek 12:30 BB (photo 15-23) 9 (23 total) Belle Isle 12:35 CC 4 Mulberry Creek/Morattico 12:40 DD 6 Lancaster Creek 12:45-12:50 EE (last FL) 9 154 AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY DATA NORTHERN NECK PROJECT COUNTY: Richmond FLIGHT DATE: 25 August 1989, Friday ALTITUDE: 4400 ft. ASL FLIGHT LINES: A-O, Q(partial)-R (see associated topographic maps) Location Time Flown Flight Line # of Photos Brockenbrough Creek to Mulberry Island (Rappahannock Shore) 11:45-12:00 A 11 Mulberry Island to Cat Point Creek mouth 12:05 B 7 Cat Point Creek (Lower) 12:15 C 2 Cat Point Creek (Lower) 12:15 D 2 Cat Point Creek 12:20 E 2 Cat Point Creek 12:20 F 3 Cat Point Creek 12:25 G 3 Cat Point Creek 12:25 H 2 Cat Point Creek (Upper) 12:10 I 7 Cat Point Creek mouth to Tappahannock Bridge 12:30 J 7 McGuire Creek Marsh 12:35 K 4 Little Carter Creek and McGuire Marsh 12:40 L 3 Little Carter Creek 12:45 M 6 Rappahannock Shore (Little Carter Ck. to Accaceek Pt) 12:50 N 12 Accaceek Point area 12:55 0 2 Little Totuskey Creek 13:05 Q (photo 8-11) 4 Totuskey Creek (Upper) 13:20 R 7 155 AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY DATA NORTHERN NECK PROJECT COUNTY: Richmond FLIGHT DATE: 31 August 1989, Thursday ALTITUDE: 4400 ft. ASL FLIGHT LINES: P-Q(partial), S-AA (see associated topographic maps) Location Time Flown Flight Line # of Photos Totuskey Creek (west shore) 13:30 P 6 Totuskey Creek (east shore) 13:35 Q (photo 1-7) 7 Richardson Creek (Waverly Pt. to North Fork) 13:25 S 4 Richardson Creek 13:25 T 4 Rappahannock Shore (Neals Pt. to Farnham Ck. mouth) 13:20 U 10 Farnham Creek branch 13:15 V 2 Farnham Creek (west shore) 13:10 W 2 Farnham Creek (upper and east shore) 13:05 X 8 Rappahannock shore (Farnham Ck. to Tarpley Point) 13:00 Y 4 Morattico Creek and Perch Creek 13:00 Z 5 Lancaster Creek 12:55 AA (last FL) 9 156 AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY DATA NORTHERN NECK PROJECT COUNTY: Northumberland FLIGHT DATE: 23 October 1989, Monday ALTITUDE: 4400 ft. ASL FLIGHT LINES: A-AA, except X (see associated topographic maps) Location Time Flown Flight Line # of Photos Hampton Hall Branch of West Yeocomico River 11:45 A 5 Wilkins Creek - 11:50 B 2 Mill Creek of South Yeocomico River 11:50 C 8 Lodge Creek 11:55 D 6 Dungan Cove/Lodge Creek 11:55 E 4 Cornish Ck.to Palmer Cove 12:00 F 2 Potomac shore (Thicket Pt. Bay to Judith Sound) 12:05 G 8 Lewisetta to Garners Creek 12:05 H 5 The Glebe (northshore- Lewisetta to Wrights Co.) 12:10 I 5 Glebe Creek 12:15 J 7 The Glebe (southshore- Killneck Creek) 12:20 K 3 Mill Creek and Coan River (northwest shore) 12:25 L 8 Coan River (east shore) 12:40 M 10 Coan River headwaters 12:30 N 4 Potomac shore 12:50-12:55 0 25 Cod Creek (west branch) 13:25 P 2 Cod Creek (east branch) 13:25 Q 2 Presley Creek 13:20 R 4 157 page 2 COUNTY: Northumberland (continued) DATE: 23 October 1989 Location Time Flight Line # of Photos Hull Creek (west shore) 13:10 S 7 Hull Creek (east shore) 13:15 T 7 Cubitt Creek 13:05 U 4 Hack Creek 13:00 V 5 Little Wicomico River 13:35 W 7 Bridgeman's Back Creek 13:40 Y 1 Ellyson Creek 13:00 Z 3 Cod Creek of Little Wicomico River 13:40 AA 2 158 AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY DATA NORTHERN NECK PROJECT COUNTY: Northumberland FLIGHT DATE: 26 October 1989, Thursday & * 10 November 1989, Friday * ALTITUDE: 4400 ft. ASL FLIGHT LINES: X, BB-ZZ (see associated topographic maps) Location Time Flown Flight Line # of Photos Spences Creek 11:45 X (1 frame) 1 * Little Wicomico R. (upper) 09:50 X (7 frames) 7 * Bridge Creek 11:50-11:55 BB 4 Little Wicomico River (south shore) 11:50 CC 6 Chesapeake Bay shore (Smith Pt. to Fleet Pt.) 12:00 DD 13 Cockrell Creek (east side) 12:15 EE 4 Cockrell Creek (Reedville) 12:10 FF 5 Cockrell Creek (west side) 12:15 GG 5 Reason Creek/Whay's Creek 12:20 HH 4 Warehouse Creek 12:25 II 3 Horn Harbor/Coles Creek 12:25 JJ 6 Glebe Pt./Betts Mill Creek 12:35 KK 4 upper Great Wicomico River (north shore) 12:40-12:45 LL 10 Great Wicomico River (south shore) 12:50-12:55 MM 14 Knight Run 12:50 NN 3 Balls Creek of Great Wicomico River 12:25 00 3 Bogey Neck/Mila Neck 13:00 PP 5 159 page 2 COUNTY: Northumberland (continued) DATE: 26 October 1989 Location Time Flight Line # of Photos Bailey Prong/Cranes Creek 13:05 QQ 3 'Ingram Bay shore (Gougher (Creek to Harveys Creek) 13:00-13:05 RR 7 Harveys Creek 13:10 SS 2 Mill Creek 13:20 TT 8 Damerson Marsh - 13:25 UU 4 Ball Creek 13:25 VV 3 Chesapeake Bay shore (Ball Ck. to Hughlett Pt) 13:30 WW 4 Dividing Creek (northshore) 13:35 XX 3 Dividing Creek headwaters 13:40 YY 5 Dividing Creek (southshore) 13:45 ZZ 4 * - Flight Line X (frames 2-8) were photographed on 10 November 1989 160 AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY DATA NORTHERN NECK PROJECT COUNTY: Northumberland FLIGHT DATE: 6 November 1989, Monday ALTITUDE: 4400 ft. ASL FLIGHT LINES: AAA-GGG (see associated topographic maps) Location Time Flown Flight Line # of Photos Prentice Creek 13:45 AAA 3 Jarvis Creek 13:50 BBB 3 Chesapeake Bay shore (Kent Pt. to Bluff Pt.) 13:50 CCC 5 Barnes Creek 13:55 DDD 3 Indian Creek (northshore) 13:55 EEE 5 upper Indian Creek 14:00 FFF 4 Indian Creek (Warehouse Pt. branch - county border) 13:55 GGG 2 161 i,~ ~ ~ ~~~ ~HPE VII FLGTLNECVRG I 0 I I I I VII. FLIGHT LINE COVERAGE The Flight Line Coverage (FFL) is a record illustrating the general flight paths followed during the vertical photography field efforts in the Northern Neck. The flight lines were plotted on topographic maps and digitized at 1:24,000. The arrows indicate the direction of the flight path. I ~~Reference to the photographic inventories associated with these flight paths can be found in Chapter 6. Plots included in this report are represented at a scale of 1:68,000. 162 GEOGRAPHIC DATA SET DESCRIPTION VIMS CIS Lab Prefix FLL Data Layer Name FLIGHT LINE TRAJECTORIES Description FLIGHT PATHS FLOWN FOR THE AERIAL PHOTOGRAHPY WORK. Year(s) Collected 1989 Base Maps used for Digitizing USGS TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS (PAPER) Digitizing Scale 1:24000 Geographic Extent SELECTED AREAS OF COASTAL VIRGINIA (NORTHERN NECK) How Collected (Describe): FLIGHT LINES ARE DRAWN ON TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS AND DIGITIZED. Actual/Intended Use or Purpose: USED AS REFERENCE TO CATALOGUE AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I I~~~~~~~~ Flightline Trajechories 4My918 VIMS Coastal Inventory #*May 22. 1989 CHAMPLAIN May 25, 1989 Westmoreland County Sca I 1 :66,000 164 F I ight I ine Trajector i es NV May 9, 1989 VIMS Coastal Inventory , My 22, i989 COLONIAL BEACH NORTH May 25, 1989 Westmoreland County Scale- 1:65,000 165 F liight llne" Trcj ectocries jVMay 9, 1989 VIMS Coastal Inventory ) May 22, 1989 COLONIAL BEACH SOUTH May 2'-, 1989 westmoreland County 000e-15,8 166 F I ghhl I ) ne r a j'p-c~ o re s *S *V~o May 9. 1989 I ~~VIMS Coastal Inventory #*May 22, 1989 DAHLGPVN May 25, 1989 westmorelond County Scale 1.65,000 I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~167 I4 I �~~~~~~~ F Ight Ine Trajectories / May 9, 1989 VIMvl Coastal Inventory -~ May 22, 1989 KINSALE -- May 25, 1989 Westmoreland County Scale - 1 65,000 168 Fl~ghL line Trajectories JASO May 9, 1989 *VIMS Coastal Inventory May 22, 1989 LORETTO May 25, 1989 Westmore land County Scale - 1 65,000 I ~~~~~~~~~~~~169 I T VISCastaIT nvr ryMy 2i2 18 I~~~~~~~~~~ I~~~~~~~~~~ r,~~~~~~~~K I~~~~~~ I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I~~~ I 5/ F i ghtlirme Trajector ies ,. May 9, 1989 VJIMS Coosiol Invento~ry # May 22, 1989 MACHODOC May 25, 1989 Westmoreland County ScalI - 65, 00 170 Fli ightli ine Tro'ectoriies /V may g, I g8q VIMS Coastal Inventory e%* May 22, 1 989 PINrY POINT May Mo 25, 1989 Wes tmorelIand County s cale - 1 :6S, 000 171 -,"FllghtIine Trajectories may 9, 1989 VIM'-- fC,0sta{I Inventory flMvy22, 1989 ROLLINS FORK ~ ~ ~~#%~ May 25, 1989 Wes tmoreland Cou nty Scale-i 165,000 I ~~~~~~~~~~~~172 s'I I~~~~ FlHghtlime Trajectories ,, May 9, 198g VIMS Coastal Inventory /,' May 2, 1989 ST CLEMENTS ISLAND May 25, 1989 Westmoreland County ScaI e i 6S,000 173 Flighhline Trajectories may 9, 1989 VIMS Coastal Inventory ~*May 22, 1989 STRATFORD HALL May 25, 1 989 Westmoreland County Scale - 1:65,000 I ~~~~~~~~~~~~174 Fh ghrl ire Trajectories * *o June 14, 1q89 VIMS Coastal Inventory / July 2, 1989 DELTAVILLE -- August 31, 1989 Lancasfer County Scale- 1 6%000 175 Hl 9h~l me TrajectoriesJue1,q8 VIMS Coastal Inventory Ju% I 2, 1989 FLEETS BAY - August 31, 1989 Lancaster- County Scale -1:6s000 176 IRVINGTON August 31, 1989 Lancaosher Cournty Scale - 1 65,000 177 Hl 9h~l me Trajectoriles June 14, 1989 IVIMS Coastal Inventory oo% July 12, 1989 LANCASTER ~~~~~~--, - Augujst 31, 1989 Lancaster County Scale - 6S.,0O0 178 Fl gh~llne Trajector ies #SOJune 14, 1989 VIMS Coastal Inventory . July 2, 1!989 LIVELY i-August 31, 1989 Lancaster County Scale -16,O 179 I l F ghL lne Trajector es ^O June 14, 1989 VIMS Coastal Inventory J July 2, 1989 MORATTICO f August 31, 1989 Lancaster County Scale 1 i:6s,000 180 , I F iI ght i Xne Trajec tor I es June 14, 1989 VIMS Coastal Inventory - July 2, 1989 URBANA August 31, 1989 Lancaster County Scale- 1 65,00 181 Fli Ightl ine Tra ec~or ies ^4 August 25, 1 989 VIMS Coastal Inventory CHAMPLAIN Quadrangle R ichmond CountySce-1 6,O 182 FlI Igh t line Traa ecttoriIes August 25, 1989 VIMS Coastal Inventory -, August 31 ,I8 HAYNESVILLE Quadrangle Richmond County Scale - 165,000 183 Fig lle T a etreAuut3,18 ~~VM CosaInetr LIVEYQar l RicmnconySae-16,0 18 FIN /h eTae~ri e s #V uut2,191 p ~ ~ IS osa Inetr MONTROSS~~~~~~~~~ Q uaragl Ricmon Cony7cl K- 16, /8 Vhghfrhrmelrajeo~~ories ~ August 31, 1q89 VIMS Cooas~a 'Inverdory MQRATTICO Quadrangle RIChrond CournY, Scale - I 6%S000 186 ~~~FihlnTrjcoies*NPAgs 5 8 ~VISCatInetr Ricmon CoasauIvntoy I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~187 ~~FghleTrjcoies/. uut21 ~VISCatInetr I~ ~ APHNOKGarnl I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~cl ~~~RI c~Mn Cut I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1707 H ighli me Trajectories Oc t23, 1 989 ~VIMS Coas~tal Inventory Ot2,18 BURGESS Quadrangle ~~~~~~~~No v 06, 1 989 BURGESS Quadrangle ~~~~Nov I 0, 1 989 Northumbe~rland County Scaie- 1 65,000 I ~~~~~~~~~~~~189 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~IF F I ghL I i ne, Trajector ies #% Oct 23, 1989 VIIS Coastal Inventory Oct 26, 1989 Nov 06, 1 989 FLEETSBAY Quadrangl~e ~ Nov 10, 1989 Northumberland County Scale - 1:6s,000 190 I I I~~~~~~I H I mqhtllne Trajector ies 0.* Oct 23. 1989 VIMS Coastal Inventory Oct 26, 1989 .7 No va6, I989 HEATHSVILLE Quadrangle Nov 10, 1989 Northumberland County Scale- 65,000 191 F I I ght I Ime Trajector i es Oct 23, 1989 VIMS Coastal Invenmory #W Oct 26, 1989 KINSALE Quadrangle Nov 06, 1989 Nr h b lNov tO, 1989 1\10'rthumberland County Scale - 1 6s,000 192 F I I ghl: I i ne Trojector I es ) Oct 23, 1989 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I 98 VIMS Coastal Inventory #1 Oct 26, 1989 LANCASTER Quadrangle N NOv 01, 1989 No v 0, 1 989 Northumberland County Scale - I 65,000 193 I~~~~~~~~~~ F I Ightl IIne Trajectories / Oct 23'. 1 989 VIMS Coastal Inventory )VOct 26, 1989 Nov 06, 1 989 LOTTSBURG Quadrangle Nov 10, 1989 Northumberland County Sco 1,4 !65, 000 194 I ~ ~ ~ ~ F I ght I ne Trajector I es e# Oct 23, 1989 VIMS Coastal Inventory Oct 26, 1989 REEDVILLE Quadrangle , Nov 06, 1989 Nrhmd CNov I0, 1989 Northumberland County Scale- 1:66, 000 195 F I: I gh t II ne Tr aj'ec t or I es ) Oct 23, I 989 VIMS Coastal Inventory *****# c 26, 1 989 ST GEORGE ISLAND Quadrangle r~~�~Nov 06, 1 989 No v I0, 1 989 Northumberland County Scale - I :65, 000 196