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7 AV IR'T OR, Sm 3 IA IIALIA&VUX- 14 QN, gl,'O@' @-I' q l 'n WRI, 4', )OR R,@ rum l,A 0,701 IN 1 51, Coastal Zone -, M4@@ g,@ P Information z>Oqqzl@i g 0', , Al Center R A h, vg-, k \N'- I@X ""Q P, n ng g N % IN 0 l0 @A SM M "N 0 '1 MIZI, 4 YX -7 A"no- kV17 -IN "' 7 Is \t@ T-11 -W T R@ M"M @,Qlkl"' 4111 IA gow, @,gv v, 'Zp MIT I< %Ii MM @N m,R F", b Wi 'N A Li I'll IN1110 c IJA gg V'N M 10@ n q X Ne- @!-ki @'i IN V61" bb 'N"NS YINIVNNN'V@C@ N,- N @,AO,@ A, .@N'NzxN WI,@, -'Ni TJxL E Om GB T10111T, 705 A, Fw L6 N S76 , W 1977 M1 '01 S1, c.2 AWRI R OR ,I-, - u k U RN !Q Z e n Ion 8077 J, 1\j CIPASTAL ZONE ItiFORMIATWIN CERER OCT 111977 The preparation of this report was financed in part through a grant from the U.S. Department of Commerce under the provisions of the Coastal Zone- Management @Act of 1972. NOTICE This document is di$seminated under the sponsorship of the Louisiana State Planning Office in the interest of information exchange. The.State of Louisiana assumes no liability for its contents or the use thereof. V) 0 ISTAL ZONE W R IN CEE721 ORM DO Simulated Hydrologic Effects of Canals in Barataria Basin: A Preliminary Study of Cumulative Impacts J. H. Stone and G. F. McHugh Center for Wetland Resources Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 Final Report to Louisiana State Planning Office 30 June 1977 This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Louisiana State Planning Office in the interest of information ex- change. The State of Louisiana assumes no liability for its contents or the use thereof. CONTENTS Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . o 2 Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . o. . . . . . 2 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Materials and Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Literature Cited . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Data Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 FIGURES 1. Location map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 TABLES 1. Flood areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 2. Water heights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 .3. Water flow per vegetative zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 4. Water flow per exchange point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 ABSTRACT Computer simulations of the hydrography of.,,Barataria Basin indicate significant hydrologic changes due to navigation and transportatlon canals. The simulations compared hydrologic parameters in the Basin before and after the construction of the Barataria and Intracoastal water- ways, and the canals associated with eight oil and gas fields. The waterways accounted for about 90.percent of the simulated changes; the remaining 10 percent was due to the canals of the eight oil and gas fields. Th e effects of oil and gas canals are individually small, but they are cumulative and, overall, probably are just as significant as those due to waterways, since there are approximately 90 fields in the Basin. The following hydrologic parameters were measured: area flooded versus nonflooded, water heights over a tidal cycle, and total water flow at several locations over a tidal cycle. canals increased the area of wetland, especially in the northern half of the Basin; for example, flooded areas increased between 11 and 13 percent. Water heights increased on the average by about 2 inche s, or more than 9 percent above normal conditions; this effect was evident only north.of Little Lake. Total water flow over a 25-hour tidal cycle increased between 7 and 16 percent in the intermediate marshes. Water flow at individual exchange points in the freshwat.er marshes was reduced between 20 and 70 percent of normal. Water flow through tidal passes was.not changed. Systematic studies of these effects, how to mitigate them, and how they are related to biological production are badly needed. Large-scale development projects, which require waterways or,canals, should be carefully evaluated and monitored to determine their full environmental effects. Although the hydrologic effects of individual canals of oil and gas fields are probably small (especially when evaluated at the basin level) their effects are cumulative, and so we recommend that additional canals be added only if absolutely necessary; and, when they are no longer useful, they should be refilled and refurbished. We also recommend that a series of workshops be hold with public agencies and private interests to discuss these results and their management implications. CONCLUSIONS 1) Computer simulations can be used to assess the hydrologic effects of canals, especially for the evaluation of their cumulative effects on a hydrologic basin. 2) Computer simulations indicate that canals, such as those used for large ship traffic and those used for access to oil and gas fields, have created significant and cumulative hydrologic changes within Barataria Basin. 3) Navigational canals, namely the Barataria and Intracoastal Waterways, accounted for approximately 90 percent of the hydrologic changes, and canals of.eight oil and gas fields (out ofa total of 90 in Barataria Basin) accounted for about 10 percent of the changes. RECMMNDATIONS 1) We recommend that a systematic study on the cumulative hydrologic effects of canals be undertaken via computersimulation studies. This effort should also be related to the other studies on cumulative impacts (namely, land loss and eutrophication), and if possible, correlated with a field study so that some 2 empirical relationship can be derived for the effects on biolo'ical production and species habitat requirements. 9 2) We suggest that guidelines developed for canaling include such hydrologic parameters as: flooding; water heights; water flow over a complete tidal cycle, namely ebb and flood conditions. 3) The hydrologic effects of large-scale development projects should be evaluated by means of this computer stimulation technique. On completion of each project,, the environment should be refurbished to,its prior or original condition. 4) The effects of small projects, such as access canals to oil and gas fields, should also be evaluated by means of the computer,simulation technique but.at two levels; one being the macro-scale level, as done in this study, for evaluation of their cumulative effects and the other being the micro-scale level for evaluation of immediate hydrologic effects. 5) We@rec,ommend that a series of technical workshops be held with public agencies (such as the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries and the U.S. Army Engineers) and with private companies (such as oil companies) in order to present our data and discuss possible management implica- tions and mitigative procedures. 6) We also recommend that research effort's on computer simu- lation models be vigorously supported. A hydrography model should be develope&for each coastal basin, along with a series of models that are sensitive to various geographic 3 scales so that impacts and mitigations may be more accurAtely determined. INTRODUCTION Canal and dredging activities have a long history--from at least the 1920s--in coastal Louisiana. Detailing the environmental effects of these activities is of recent origin--namely, the 1970s (e.g., see Gagliano 1973; Day and Craig 1977; and Stone et al. 1977). The primary purpose of these environmental studies has been to place the impacts of these activities on an objective basis and to provide some data for the design of possible mitigative procedures. The extent of canals in Barataria Basin is given in Adams et al. 1976. They estimate that there are about 60 square miles (about 2 percent of the total Basin) of various type canals in the basin. Some 34 percent of this total consists of rig access canals, pipeline canals, and oil field navigation canals. These oil and gas pipeline canals are widely distributed throughout the basin among 90 fields (Stanfeld 1973). Canaling and dredging is not a problem of the past. For example, during 1974 more than 100 dredging permits were issued in the Basin. The remainder of the canals in Barataria Basin is made up of navigation canals, agricultural, and urban drainage canals, and impoundments. It is very apparent that canals ana their associated activities are significant in their extent in Barataria Basin, and a complete environmental evaluation of their effects is badly needed. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were: 4 1) To investigate the feasibility of using hydrologic modeling to assess,cumulative effects of channelization in the lower Barataria Basin. 2) To suggest hydrologic parameters which are important for canaling guidelines. MATERIALS AND METHODS Solution Technique of the Circulation Model Jhe three-dimensional hydrodynamic equations of motion were averaged from bottom to top of the water column and solved by the Alternating Directions Implicit-Explicit technique of numerical analysis (McHugh 1976). The driving force of the model is tidal elevation. No wind was considered in this study and freshwater inputs were neglected. Outputs of the model and water elevations and currents. Geographical Configuration of the Circulation Model The circulation.model encloses a region of coastal Louisiana bounded on the west by the levee of Bayou Lafourche and on the east by the levee of the Mississippi River (Fig. 1); this constitutes a hydro- logical unit that can be treated, for modeling purposes, in isolation from the surrounding territory, except where man-made canals conduct water into the unit from either of these two rivers. The northern boundary of the unit is strictly the Mississippi River at its junction with Bayou Lafourche, but it was convenient to take as the northern boundary of the estuarine model an artificial obstruction to water flow,, .namely, Highway 90. This boundary can be considered closed except 5 through Bayou des Allemands. The latter conducts fresh water into the Basin from,Lac des Allemands. Certain canals breach the western model boundary, and, for the strictest analysis, their flow contributions into the estuary must be considered. There are only two canals that breach the eastern boundary; these are the Harvey Canal No. 1, and the Algiers Alternate Route. However, these latter features are controlled by locks at their junction with the Mississippi, and they are considered as contained solely within the model agea; hence the eastern boundary is entirely closed. The most important canals in the western are the Harvey Canal No. 2 (Intracoastal Waterway), and Company Canal, and the South West Louisiana Canal. All these features were modeled, with the option of being open or closed. A similar option was extended to Bayou des .Allemands. The southern boundary of the model area'is defined by three physically distinct sectors: In the west, from La. Highway 1 to the bridge across Caminada Pass;,in the center, the barrier islands of Barataria Bay; and in the east, the Freeport Sulphur Company Canal, considered here as a hydrologically constraining feature.. The southern boundary has four breaks that allow gulf water to flow into the model area; they are Caminada Pass, Barataria Pass, Pass Abel, and Quatre Bayoux Pass. Computation with the model shows that Barataria Pass accounts for some two thirds of the volume flow into and out of the bay; Pass Abel is the least significant. Grid Selection and Topography The basic mesh size of the grid is 5,741 feet; it was chosen because it corresponded with 1 cm on the National Ocean Survey chart, 6 and because it was the approximate width of Barataria Pass. This square mesh grid was oriented so that the southern boundary coincided approxi- mately with the barrier islands and the four tidal passes. The rest of the boundary followed the levees and obstructions.mentioned above. In particular, much of the western boundary of the model was chosen to follow the 5-foot elevation above mean sea level. Next, additional lines were'drawn on the regular grid-in such a manner that the greatest number of water'bodies and contours of importance could be represented with the fewest number of additional lines (see Appendix Fig.,.Al). The total number of north-south lines (in the frame of the model).was restricted to 58, and the total number of east- west lines to, 75. This created 4,218 interior points at which topographical elevations had to be specified-@-one per gr id"square." From t.he dependence of numerical stability on grid mesh size and integrating time step, it was found desirable to place grid.*.li.nes not closer than-574.1 feet apa:rt, corresponding to 1 mm on the chart. This enabled a.time step as large as 40 seconds to be employed. Canals with represented widths of less thah this figure had to be expanded in width to approximately 574 ft. The depths of such expanded canals, or natural channels, were reduced in such a way as to maintain the model flow cross- section equal to the actual cross section. Topographical elevations and depths were defined relative to mean sea level .(MSL), which in turn was assumed to,be 0.5 feet above*the mean low water datum of the chart used. Marsh areas were set at 0.5 ft above MSL; areas enclosed-by dashed lines on the chart were set either 1-5 ft above MSL if they occurred in the western half of the model area), or 2.5 ft above MSL. Land 5 ft and more above'MSL was assumed to be outside the model area. 7 Variable Wet-Dry Boundary Feature Theinternal boundary between water and "dry" land is a function of time in tidal wetlands. In the model, this boundary was allowed to adjust itself automatically, following a technique described in McHugh (1977). 4ft Tidal Input to the Model. Hourly tidal elevations measured at the Bayou Rigaud station (Grand Isle) on 9 and 10 January 1971 were used to construct tidal histories at each of the three passes, Caminada, Barataria, and Quatre Bayou. On these days the wind was insignificant. The tide at Pass Abel was assumed to be the mean of those at Barataria Pass.and Quatre Bayoux Pass.. On the assumption that tidal relationships in the Gulf of Mexico have not changed significantly since 1971, the tidal correc- tions for the times and heights of high and low water, based on Pensacola, Fla., were taken from the publication, Tide Tables (1977). With these corrections, and assuming sinusoidal variation of water level between adjacent turning points of the tidal curve, the necessary input tidal functions were estimated. 'It is important to note that the tidal curve off the Louisiana coast is noticeably asymmetric, with very commonly a drift in mean tide level from one cycle to the next. Consequently, a pure sinusoid is unrealistic to assume for accurate work. The constructed tides at the passes showed clearly,A periodicity of approximately 25 hours in the fundamental harmonic, starting at 0 hours on 9 January. In order that the model might achieve cyclic steady state, it was necessary to assume strict,.-.periodicity of 25 hours for all cycles, and therefore that the tidal level at time 25 hours after time zero, equalled the value at time zero. The ad Justment to the value at 25 hours was less than 8 percent in each case. 8 Since the model requires water-levels in the passes at every time step,, these levels were computed by interpolation between the constructed hourly values. Output of the Circulation Model The fundamental output consists of three variables foreach grid square: water elevation (relative to MSQ, and two perpendicular com- ponents of velocity. These quantities are shown in the diagram for square i, j: jlj+l i+l, j+l y v U U V. i+l,j x Parallel. to southern. 'grid boundary Locations of Water Level C and Components of Velocity U, v for a Grid Square. In. addition, certain integrated volume flows were also computed pertinent to the aims of the present study. These are described herewith. The model area wa& divided up into four vegetation zones and eight Ilexchange points" or short segments of the grid between zones. Around each zone boundary the instantaneous,volume,flow in cu ft/sec was com- puted every 12 minutes in the tidal cycle. Thus for zone z at time t, the.,net volume flow out of the zone is F (t) =SV.*nHdl z Zone Boundary where V is the.velocity vector, dl is an element of the zone boundary with outward unit normal n, and H is the depth along dl. The integral., is of course obtained numerically from the grid discretization. 9 A similar integration was performed every 12 minutes for the exchange segments. At the completion of a tidal cycle, the time summationof the instantaneous flows was computed using the trapezoidal method to yield the net flow per zone (exchange.segment) per tidal cycle. Thus for zone z, if T is the tidal period, the algebraic net flow is given by Qz S'TFz(t)dt 0 Also of interest are the summed positive flows and the summed negative 4- flows, which may be denoted for zone z: Qz and z Q Q+ Q z z z Ideally, the sum of Qz over all the zones, or equivalently, the net algebraic flow through all tidal passes per tidal cycle (since the model boundary is assumed closed elsewhere) should equal zero. But computa- tional. errors prevent this. The total volume of water crossing a zone or zone segment per tidal cycle, regardless of direction is calculated as Q 1Q+1 + 1Q-1 Difficulties Encountered in Obtaining Solutions Following the "zero start" of the model, when artificial (zero) values of the field variables were specified; and thereafter following any shock to the system consequent on making changes in topography, the model had to be allowed to achieve cyclic equilibrium in the field variables, or to approach fairly near to such a state. This means that running the model for an additional cycle will not then significantly change the results. 10 Unfortunately, considerations of time necessitated that the iterative process be terminated in every case before cyclic equilibrium could be -ac.hieved. Only 11 cycles were run for each case: -(l) no canals; (2) canals added@ The.great time needed to execute one tidal cycle (about 3 1/2 hours), conditions of the service, and an approaching deadline, made such an arbitrary cut-off necessary. In order to check the closeness of solution co.nver.gence,.water.levels were output at five selected points in the grid (Manilla, Airplane Lake, Little Lake, Lafitte, Barataria) at every hour. The changes.in values between.the.10th and llth cycles at corresponding times:were generally less than 2 percent; but there were still some larger fluctuations (up to 8 percent) at Airplane Lake. The larger fluctuations probably arise from the disturbing effect of the variable wet-dry boundary feature of the model. It appears, however, from graphical disDlav. that the small increase in water level registered at Little Lake. Lafitte. and Barataria. con- sequent on adding the Intracoastal and Barataria Waterways, is significant.@ The net flows out of the various vegetative zones also provide a ,check on solution convergence. Ideally, these should be zero per tidal cycle. Actually, residuals were present in the four zones, being smallest in the south and increasing northward. The trend is well illus- trated by figures for case (1). Looking at the llth cycle, the most southerly zone flow Per cyc1le has a residual error of 0.2 percent (expressed relative to JQ+j + IQ-1), the next has an error of 4 percent, the next of 11 percent, and the last, or freshwater zone, of 100 percent. .In.this region the currents were simply too far from the cyclic steady state to give meaningful results. Still considering the llth cycle, the percentage errors for the flow through all passes per cycle, were, for cases (1) and (2), 2.6 percent and 4.9 percent,.respectively.- These errors remained nearly constant from cycle to cycle, and hence must again be attributed to the noise-generating effect of the variable wet-dry boundary. Test Conditions Sections of the Barataria and Intracoastal Waterways were deleted from the model in order to obtain "pristine" or baseline conditions; this run was considered #1. Data on the canals of eight oil and gas fields (Figure 1) were extracted from standard quad maps; these data are given in table A14 in the appendix. RESULTS Three computer simulations were made. The first simulated the pristine",condition of Barataria Basin without the Barataria and Intra- coastal Waterways and without the canals of the eight oil and gas fields; this run 01) is'considered as our baseline condition against which the other runs (#2 and #3) are compared. The second run simulated the hydrologic system after the Barataria and Intracoastalvaterways were constructed. For the third run the canals of eight oil and gas fields and the two waterways were inserted. Data were computed on three hydrologic parameters; they are flooded versus nonflooded area, water height 'over a @25-hour tidal cycle, and total water flow over a 25-hour tidal cycle; the latter parameter was-estimated at several locations in Barataria Basin. The raw data on each of these parameters are given in the Appendix., along with a figure that shows the exact grid system of the computer model. 12 The addition of Barataria,afid Intracoastal waterways to baseline conditions resdlted in,the flooding'of dry areas in the northern.part of ''the Barataria Basin,, namely, mostly north of,Lake Salvador (Fig. 1). Flooding is defined as water heights greater than or equal to 0.2 ft in each grid (see.Appendix,,tables Al through A3). The exact area of the flooding cannot be,-calculated because of the variable grid system used. However, this represents an 11 percent increase over baseline conditions (Namely, run #13, table 1). The addition of the canals of eight oil and gas fields resulted in the flooding of additional dry areas, particularly in the northern part of the'Barataria Basin, namely, mostly north of Lake Salvador (Fig. 1@. This represents a 3 percent increase in flooding over and above the effects of the two waterways (table 1). Water heights were increased as a result of canals. The increase over baseline conditions was significant from'Little Lake north (Table @2). The median increase of water height at Little Lake, as a result of Barataria and intracoastal waterways, wa's 0.09 ft; at Lafitte it was 0.16 ft; and at Barataria it was 0.22 ft. The addition of the canals of the eight oil And gas fields increased these values to 0.10, 0.18, and 0.24 ft, respectively. Total.water flow over' a 25-hou'r tidal cycle was significantly changed in the'northern part of Barataria Basin as a result of the canals (Tables 3,,4, and 5). Total water flow per tidal cycle in intermediate marshes was increased by about 7 percent abovenormal as a result of the two waterways (Barataria and Intracoastal) and by about 9 percent above normal as a result. of the addition of the canals of the eight oil and gas,fields. Total water flow per tidal cycle in 13 the fresh marshes was reduced by about 22 percent as a result of the two waterways and by an additional 2 percent as a result of the addition of the canals of the eight oil and gas fields (Table 3). Total water flow per tidal cycle at some of the eight exchange WAN points (Fig. 1) was also significantly altered as a result of the canals ,(Table 4). For example, total water flow per tidal cycle at exchange point 2 (Fig. 1) was reduced by about 67 percent of normal as a result of the addition of the two waterways, while the addition of the oil and gas canals did not,alter flow volume at this point. Water flow at exchange point 3 showed the same pattern, namely, a reduction of about 62 percent of normal as a result of the two waterways, and oil and gas canals had no effect. At exchange point 4 the total water flow per tidal cycle was reduced by about 22 percent of normal or baseline conditions; the canals of the eight oil and gas fields decreased water flow by 2.5 percent of normal. It should be emphasized that exchange points 2, 3, and 4 are located in the north part of Barataria Basin (Fig. 1). Total water flow per 25-hour tidal cycle at the four tidal passes of Barataria Basin--namely, Caminada Pass, Barataria Pass, Pass Abel and Quatre Bayou Pass--did not show any change by the addition of any canals. The total water flow for each tidal pass was in all cases mom almost exactly equivalent to normal or baseline conditions. DISCUSSION The basic question of these studies is: Do the results describe reasonablv well what exists in nature? There are two ways to resolve this question. One, compare the output of the model with empirical.or 14 known hydrogr,aphic data.from Barataria Basin. This has beea done in a :preliminary wayiand,tlie,results are comparable;@additional data on hydrography of the basin are now being.collected so that this verifica- tion will be,done more completely and the,model adjusted appropriately., Second, compare the output of the model with hydrography data gathered before and after a large-scale project. This will be done in association with the pipeline being developed for the Louisiana Offshore Oil Port, Ind. (LOOP). The next most important.questions about our results are: Are the results significant? Do..they indicate cumulative effects? Significance usually connotes a statistical definition; such as, ,the results,are significant and real if.their probability is less than ..or equal to a.5,percent.of being due to chance. We have no way at present of establishing such a rigorous definition to our data; however, we have consiaered,all results significant if they differ"by 5 percent or more from baseline conditionsi-Thus we believe that the flooding, the water@hei@ghts, and water movement at the. northern locations are significantly different from baseline-conditions and that these are the result of the.canals. Cumulative effects can be-defined as environmental impacts that are small individually but are additive,in.nature. Our preliminary data suggest that the hydrologic effects of canals of oil and gas fields are small--at least when analyzed at the basin level--and that they are CUMU- lative. The basis for this conclusion is first that the effects of the canals of eight oil and gas fields were small in comparison to effects .of major waterways, and, secondly, that in almost all cases these canals caused an increase (or added to) the effects of the waterways. 15 Computer simulation models have limitations and assumptions that the user shouldibe fully aware of. The bbsin-level model (used in this study) is presently limited because of t he following: (1) it does not as yet include the effects of wind; (2) the grid size is approximately 1-mile, which is quite large; (3) the canal data must be averaged into one canal per number of grids covered by the particular-oil and gas field--this is an extreme simplification; (4) the calculations assume a variety of simplying features-as described in the materials and methods section; (5) certain geographic features are not yet realistic, for example the intracoastal waterway has no levee that'blocks waterflow on either side; and (6) the computer model needs to be run through several (at least 12) tidal cycles so that the final results stabilize. For example, Run #3 was ca lculated through only 4 cycles because of the time limitations of the contract. Therefore, the hydrologic values derived for the freshwater marsh are to be viewed only as an indication of the effect; they are not absolute values. This preliminary study indicates where there is A lack of data or information. For example, we do not know how yet to correlate these results with a change in biologicalproduction or with a change in species habitats. In addition, we do not know how to couple these data with the results of other cumulative impact studies such as eutrophication, land loss, and salinity intrusion. 16 LITERATURE CITED Adams, R. D., B,. B. Barrett, J. H. Blackmon,'B. W. Cane, W. C. McIntire. 1976. Barataria Basin: @Geologic processes and framework. Louisiana State University Center for Wetland Resources, Baton Rouge, La. -Sea Grant Publ. No. LSU-T-76-006. Day, J. W. Jr., and N. J. Craigj ed.s. 1977.' Cumulative impact studies in the Louisiana,coastal zone: Land loss, eutrophication. Final report to the Louisiana State Planning Office, Baton Rouge, La. Gagliano, S. M. 1973. Canals, dredging, and land reclamation in the Louisiana coastal zone. Louisiana State University Cen'ter for Wetland Resources, Baton Rouge, La. Hydrologic and Geologic Studies of Coastaliouisiana, Report No. 14. McHugh, G. F. 1976., A hydrodynamic numerical model for part of Barataria Basin. Louisiana State University Center for Wetiand Resources, Baton Rouge,'La. Unpublished ms. Stanfield, C. P.. 1973. A list of.Lou3'siana oil and gas fields and salt domes including-the offshore areas showing official abbreviations for reservoir wide units. Louisiana Department of Conservation, Geological Survey, Geological Oil and Gas Division, Baton Rouge, La. Stone, J. H., L. M. Bahr Jr., and J. W. Day Jr. 1977. Effects of canals on freshwater marshes in coastal Louisiana.and implications for management. Presented at Symp. Freshwater Marshes: Present Status, Future Needs. EPA, Rutgers University. U.S.. Dept. Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Survey, Tide Tables 1977. High and Low Water Predictions., East Coast of North and South America including Greenland. Washington, D. C. 17 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Efforts toward implementation of coastal zone management in Louisiana have enlisted the interest and participation of many public agencies and institutions. As a cornerstone for this program, scientific information from every available source is being compiled and digested in a series of Coastal Zone Management reports. The collection is ultimately intended as an authoritative central.reference source for persons involved in administration of an operational CZM program. The information presented in this report has been synthesized from ism research studies administered by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Dept. Commerce, through the Office of Coastal Zone Management and the Office of SeaGrant. We would like to acknowledge support from the Louisiana State Planning Office for this preliminary study, and the Louisiana Department of Highways for use of their computer facilities. Editorial, manuscr ipt, and production services were provided by the Louisiana Sea Grant Program. 18 ism -7 -77 /Z 41 I//xx" X// //4- X, W., Water Exchan,)e Locations "X/. A Water Height Locations Oil and or Gas Fields i1i 101. @7= GoIder, Meidow Farms 2 Sayn,, Couba 77: CI-Ily Z7.;t 4 Cma,a 1,1and 5 mencl-cini wa 1 3 6 Lake Washmqlon 7 La -lie M. 8 Des Allemands /7 7 . ...... . .. Vegelalins, Zones resh Mirsh 4 -Z cp Werrned.,,le K4.,Sh Brackish Marsh Saltine MwSh -=7- f ------ All .10 Cam,nada Pass Pass Abel Oustre Sayms Pass Barataria Pass Fig. 1. Location Map. 19 Table 1. Simulation estimates of the flooded area in Barataria Basin created as a result of Barataria and Intracoastal Waterways (Run #2) and the canals of eight oil and gas fields (Run #3). Both runs were compared to Run #1. Extracted from Tables Al through A3 in Appendix. Computer Simulation Run #2 Run #3 Area Percent Change 10.8+ 13.4+ 20 Table 2. Median increases of vater heights due to canals at selected locations in Barataria Basin, La. Values are in feet. Computer simulation Run #2 was done with Barataria and Intracoastal Waterways and simulation Run #3 was done with the waterways and canals of oil and gas.fieldg. . Both runs were conTared to Run #1 which was.done without any canals or waterways. Computer Simulation legend location on Fig. 1 Run #2 Run #3 Barataria Pass a 0.00 0.00 Manilla b 0.02 0.01 Airplane Lake C 0.01 0.01 Little Lake d 0.09 LaFitte e 0.16 0.18 Barataria f 0.22 0.'24 21 Table 3. Total water flow per 25 hr tidal cycle In each of four marsh types in Barataria Basin, La., in cubic 'feet and in percent change (common log base used; see table in appendixj.' -Computer simulation Run #1 was-done with no canals; simulation Run #2 was done with the Barataria and Intracoastal Waterways; and simulation Run #3 was done with both waterways and canals of eight oil and gas fields. x cubic feet'X 10 Percent change :Marsh Type Run #1 Run #2 Run #3 .#2 /#1 x 100% #3 /#1 x 100% Saline 1.5424 1.5511 1.5618 100.6 101.2 'own Brackish 0.3615 0.3658 0.3685 101.2 101.9 Intermediate 0.4105 0.4390 0.4764 106.9 116.0 Fresh 0.7151 0.4844 0.5001 67.7 69.9 OW 22 Table 4. Total water flow per 25 hr tidal cycle at selected exchange points in Barataria Basin, La., in cubic feet and percent change (common log base used; - see Appendix, tables A8-AlO). Computer simulation Run #1 was done with nocanals; Simulation Run #2 was done with the Barataria and Intracoastal Waterways; Simulation Run #3 was done with both wateruays and the canals of eight oil and gas fields. Computer Simulation. (cubic feet X lox) Percent change Exchange Point Run #1 Run #2 Run #3 #2 /#1 X 100% #3 /#l*X 100% 1 0.0 0.5195 0.3238 2 0.1949 0..0639 0.0613 32.8 31.4 3 0.9302 0.3571 0.3581 38.4 38.5 4 0.6327 0.4901 0.4 no 77.5 79.0 97V 5 0.2880 0.2877 0.2848 99.9 98.9 6 2.3375 2.3590 2.3480 100.9 100.4, 7 0.9077 0.8789 0.8719 96.8 96.0 8 0.0 0.0 0.0 23 Table 5. Total water flow in cubic feet and percent change.per.25 hr tidal cycle through tidal passes of Barataria Basin, La. (common log base used; see table@' 'in appendix). Computer simulation Run.#l was done with no canals; Simulation Run #2 was done with the Barataria and Intracoastal waterways; Simulation Run #3 was done with both wterways and.the canals of eight oil and gas fields. Computer Simulation .(cubic feet X lOx) Percent change Pass Run #1 Run #2 Run #3 #2 /#l X 100% #3 /#l X 100% Caminada 1.5088 1.5180 1.5299 loo.6 101.4 Barataria 0.9210 0.9221 0.9256 100.1 100.5 Abel 0.8725 0.8674 0.8768 99.4 100.5 Quatre Bayou 2.8560 2.8448 2.8927 99.6- 101.3 All 1.3597 l.3597 1.3708 100.0 100.8 24 DkTA APPENDIX [I,! tjII 4(@ qu q') S) 1,;! 5LI 1,5 @A; 57 53 74 3 73 72 09-n "i, 71 -T - G9 67 GO j 54 3 49 q 4a 1; 4 11 LI 39 38 35 34 32 r 30 28 J:F 113 15 i 3 13 L 1: 1J, J! I 2 L.-Y ZU.U M;Lgli 1 2 3 4 5 7 6 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 25 27 29 .31 33 36 36 40 42 44 46 48 49 51 52 54 55 56 57 58 Fig. Al. Grid numbering system and water areas'used by the hydrographic model of lower Barataria Basin. 0 0 c c 0 a 0 0 0L 0 C 0 D I - 0 c 0 0 , I I , I I 11 11 It 11 11 It I . .Ita I t I t t11 11 11 11 I I . I . I I . I I I I . I I .. . I I I I I i I I I I 1 0 1 1 0 I I C I I I I 1 11 1 1 11 1 1 C c I c I 1 C I I I I I I I 0 1 t I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 3 c C c 0 1 3 0 0 c L . c I I I 1 0 t It c 0 0 0 c c 0 0 0 u 0 c G,0 r i I I I , 0 t, 0 ItI I I I I t I I I I I I I I I 1 11 11 11 1. 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 L c I I I % s I I I 1 11 11 11 1 1 cl, 1, '0, (1,, 0. .0 C@ C6,0It 0 0 C. G 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 r, 0 0 C, 0 0 c 0 0 0a 0 0 a 0 0 lo c c 0 @ : c c c c c c c c 0 0 c 0 0 0 0 I c I I I I Z) Z. o 3 1. : c c c c c c c - 0 0 0 1 0 c c c c C 11 - o c , c I c 11 11 11030 0. (1 11 0. n, I I 1 0 c0 I o I I c o a D I@ 11 C C , C, @ . c o o o 0 c o 0 0 n I I 1 0 00 0 0 0 10 1 1 1 1 1 1 t I t t 0 0 0 c 0 c I 1 0 11 @11 C, 10 it I I I 1 0 c 0 o o cc c c It 1 0, 1 1 c c I I I I I I I I 1 0 c ,00111 @ v c c c D 0 1 0 0 00 C c I C I I C 1 1: c c c 0 c c t c c c C, L, r I' r,0 0 0 0 0 c c 0 0 o c 0 0 3 0 c 0 0 c c c c c o c c 0 c' 0 c 0 c 0 0 0 i,r -TI Z iI rOc - eI. z a r p 7,1c?,I I II "I16 11 1z 11101 -(s9TOA:) OT JOJ) spuodsajjoo pTaq -1# unX aoj 0 Aq paivoTpuT seaav P9POOT,JuOu PuP T Aq pa:ivDTpuT seaa? Papo( 4 1 0 c 0 L L L t t L t L I i L-L t L) L L a 0 0 G L -C 0 0 0 3 0 4 C I I L L L t L & t L i t L L L t L L L t t t L L t L L L L t & L L k k . -. ' C t L I L t I t I I L L L L & t t I L L T.,w j c t7 I L & I t t L L L L L t L L L L L L & t L t L L L L t I L t t t L L L t t k L L I L t t t L & I t I L t L t t L L L i L L t t t L t L L t L & L L t t L L L L t L t L t L L C, L I I I L L L I t L t L t k L L L t L t L t L L L k L L t L L t & L L L t L L t L L C S I L L I L L I I I L L t L L I t L L L L t L t I L t t L I L t I L L L t L L t t t t L I t L C 9 L L L L L t L k k L t L t L L L L & t L t L L t t L I L I L L.L L L I 'I I I I L I L I L L L L L I L I I L t L t I L t L L t t L t L L t t t I L I I L I & L I I I I I 0 L L L L L L , L L t L L 1 6 I L I L L L L I L I LL 'L L L I L I I I L I t I I L L I t t L t L 1 11 11 It 11 It I L L L L L I I I L I I I I I I I L I I I I I I I I L L L L ' ' ' I I I L L L L t , L , L , L L L , t L C t I I L L I I I L Z L L L L L L L , , L I ' It L I L L L L t L L L L L L I t L L I L t I L I I I I I I I 1 11 11 I L I L L t L , t t L L L I LL I I I I 1 0 I L t L L k I L L t I L t L I t t t I L t L I I I L L L z L L L C t L L L L k L I t t L I I L t k k t L t L L I L L L I & I t t L L L I c I L -i L I I I I I L I I I t I L L I I., I I Ll I I I L L I L I L L I I I L L I I I I I I L I I I L I L I I I I I I I I L , , I t , L , , , , L , , L L L , , , , , I L t k L L t t L t L I I L 'L I It t L I L L I L L t t I I L I I I L I I I I t I t I L L k t L L L I I I L t t L t I L L I L t L , , t t L L L L L L L L L L & t t L L L t L ' L L I I I L t I L I t L I I I I j I I L I I L I L-L L & L L G t L L I L ' @ I I I L L I I I'l L I L 1, C L L I G t L t 11 L I I I I I I I I I L L 1 1 5 L I L L I I I I L 0 L t t t L I t I I L I a t t L t L L L 'L t L I L I L I I ' ' I ' I C L L I t I I I I t L L L L t v c c 3 L t L t t t L t I t L I I I I I L L I L I I L , , I I I I I I L I L L L L L t I 1 1 3 1 t t i L 7 I I L L L t I I I I L L L t t L L L t L L fj o ZZ t C 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 L L L L I I t L I L I I L I I I L L L L L 3 bz I I I I I I I I I I I L I I I I I I I L t 6 1 It I t I L L I I I I I I I I L I I I I I I L I L I I t z 1 1 L L t 0 t c @z I I L I I I I I I L I I L I I I L t L I L C L L L t L I L I L t t t L I L L I I I L L t L L I t L L I t L t t & I V t I I t L I I I I I 1 5 C C,c 6 0 c c c z 9 1 L , , , , , , , , 11 L L 'v v G 1; C, c c z c 1 6 L L L , " " " " I L, , Z , , , , t , L L I I I L I I I I L L I I I I I L L L L I I I I y y 1c, C:l C, c c L I L L , , , I I L I t t . . I L L L 0 6 @ 4 3 t L L L & C c I c fit L L I I L I I t I L L I I t L k L I L I I I L I I I L I I L L I I L L L I L I I L I t L t L L L L L I ' L I ' ' ' ' ' L ' 11 , 0 1! t t 6 3 c 5 Zt, L, I I I I L I L L L . . L I I I L L I L L L L t I I I L I L L I L "S L L 9 t. L L L L L L I I L L L L L-L I L I L L t I L t I I L t L L L L I L L t L L t I I t I L , L t L L L I L I I I I I I L L t t L I L L L L I L I L I L I L I I I I I I I I k k L L t I I I I I t I I I L I t L L I L I I I I I I I " , I I L L I L I I I L L L I L I I L I I L-1 I L L I I I I 1 0 ftv L , , , - 9" L I L t L t L L L I L I L L I I I I I t I I t i L k o c o 0 L L L L L L j 0 , . - ) , L L t L t L L t L L L L L L I L L L k LL L I L L L L L L L L L t i L t L, L I L L L L L L t t t L L L L L L L j 3 a c L 6 19 LE '4 1S[- t II IE II 1 6? 6E L,' 97. SZ IZU Z k Z SLLL 91 SL nt EL ZL LL b 8 L 9 S t E Z L (SaTOAD OT Joj) TV gTa ol spbod saaaoz) pT if) -Z# un-d joj, 0 Aq: pa:jvDTPUT svaj?, papoo-Cguou puE I Aq PB:tv-aTPUT SEBIL' PBPOOla *ZV aT qvi L L t L L t L I L - L I-L- Li L L L L-L Lt L3 1L t L L L I L I L L L t I t L I I I L L L L I t t i L k L t @ i L L L L I L I L L i L L t L L L L i L k L I I L I I i L I t L L L @ t L L t L L I L L L L t k L L L I i I L I L L L L L L & :@ : () L L L L L L I L &L L t L L L L i I I L t L LL L L t L i LI LL LL L L L I t L , L L L L L L L L L L I L L L L k L t L tt I L L I L L L L L L L L t4 L L t L L LL LL Li t I i t t I I I I t I I I I I L I I I I .V.I I L L tt i L L L L L L L L L L L LL L L L L L LL t .L L L L C L L L k k L L L L i L L L L I I L t L L L k L t& L L L L L L L L & L L L II L L I L L LL tL Lt L L L L L k ' L L L t L L L i L L L L L i L L i L L L L I L L t L L L L t L L t t-I L L L ! i L L-L L L I k L i t L L I L , L L i b L t L L t Li t t t L I L L t L L L L LI L k L L L Lt LL L V i I t t V t L L I k I I I t I I I L t k I I Lt L L I t L L t L L I L '. LL L L L I L IL LL LL L L L L L t L I L L I L i L I t L L t L L I tL & L L I L I L k L L L L LL L L I & L LL LL Lt L L L t L k & I t L i C L L L L L L t LI L t L L & ' LI L L L i L L L L L L I L kL L L i L L LL it IL t I L L t L I L t & t t L k I L I L t L ZL 1 1 L I t i f t t t L t L t L L k L t t L I i L t I I I I t t L I I L i I t k & I i t L '- L t i L L @ L Z EL L , i L L L L LL L L L L I L L t I L L LL L i t L L t tL LI , & L L L L L t I L I I L L I L L L L : IL L I L L A L L L I I I t L I L L L i L k k i L L L I I L L I L @ I L L I L t L L L I t i L i L L L L L L @L I L I I L I L I I I I I L I I I I I L L I L I L I L I I I I L L I I I L I I L I I L I I t C L I I t I I L L L L L L L I I I L L L I t I I I t t I I I I I L I I t I I L L t - -L LL I L t L L & L L L t L L L L L L L L c I L L L L ' L L L I L I I L I L I L I I I L I I I L I L I I I I L I I L I I L I L L I I I L I I I L L L L I I L L I ot I L I I L L I I L L L L t L L t . c z k L L L L t L L 1. L L L L I L L k L L I I L I L L L t L t t L ' L ' ' L I ' ' ' L IL L L I I L L L I t L ' L L L L , L I L L L L I I L L L L L L L I I I I I L L I I I I I L I L I I L L L L I L L I I I I I L I LI t L L L ' L 'L L L L t L L I I I L I I I I I I L L L CE I rl I L I L I L L L I I I I I L L t I I L L i L I I L L L , L L L L L t L J L v I t L t L L I t L I L L L tL I I L I I II I t I I L I ' I L 'II L I L I L 1 1 L I t I -LL II I I I IL II k L L I I I L L L I I-L I LL& L ' L L L ' t L L L L I I I I I L L L I L t t k t L L i L L i L I L I I I I I L L L k L L L L ' L ' LI I I LI L I L I I I L r L LI I I L I I I I L L I L II L I I I I LI IL T L L i ". j I L I I I I I I L IL LI I I I I i I I u 4, L L L L J L L L L I J@ I LL t L L J L t L L L L L I L L L I Z I I L I L L-1 I I I I I I I I I I L I I I L L L I L L L L L L I L L I L L L I L L t I I L I I I L L L L I L L L L L t -n L L I I I I I I I I L L I I I L L L t I. I L I t I L I I I I t t t I L I L L L L L , , , I @ I i L t L L , i L L L I ' I C C. t L L t I L L I t L L L L I L I i L I L L L L@L L I t L t t t t I L L L L L L L L i L I L I I L L t-t L L L e L L , , , L , , , ,, L I u L L I I L L L L L L L, , , , L L, , L LL L I t , , ! t 'L L L 11 @l L 1, @ , , , L L L I I L L L I I I L L I L I I I I I L I I I L L I L L I I I I L L L L L L L I L L I L L L I I L L L L I L I I L IL L I L I I L I I I L I I LL I I I II II LL I L L I u L L L I I L I L k L L L L L L I I I I , L L L L L 1 1 1 L I I , , 0 1 L LI L I I i L L L It L L L I I II LL L I I L I I I I L I L L L I I II L I , I I L I-t ) u u I L I L L I I I I I I I I I c L L LI L I L L I t L L L L LL I I L I II II LL I I I L L I I L " , ' ' ' ) ' - .. ' @ L I L I L L I I I L t L I I L I L L 1-1 1 L L L L L L , 1 1 1 L iI L I v L C C,C C, C I L L L I L L 1 6 S LS L S4S Sss s OS tft L t S tl 6 9 S C 61 3EI I SE 1,1CZIII F c ZliZL ZZS Z X 'W L (SaTz),ko 0-[ aoj) TV *2Ta 03 spuodsaiaoD pTjD -E# un-d aoj 0 Xq PUJUOTPUT SVaa? PaPOOTJuOu Pu? T Aq PaIPOTPUT sP9JV P9POOTJ CV alqpl Table A. Water heights over a-tidal cycle at selected locatio ns in Barataria' Basin in feet for Run #1 (11 cycles), #2 (11-cycles), and #3 (4 cycles). Run #1 -i n J.:z -3. DA!;S MANI LL A A L A < E L- L INKE -AF I T TE bAIATA4 ?4 " 1 369141) (7,7) (?1 933) 4 5 0 6 (47,51 0 0 . 1.41 1 . 0 5 0.77 .@2 0.45 1.12 A .00 1 . C) 0.71 7 1 .0 .0.3 0 * 6 6 0- :)1 1.0@ 0. 9 1 D 72 -0. 14 0. 5FI 0 *. .9 )045 D - 8 2 7 3 -0-06 0.36 0. 73 :).90 0 . H2 0.72 to n . I a 12 D . 2 V, 00 14 ).44 72 j4 -0.34 0.55 ). / -'.0 0 7 .9 3.74 0 . :) 3 0.64 0. -1@1 ).75 3.76 3-72 1& 1 -30 0091 0 9 5 1 74 0 -7.3 0 . 6'-1 1 1 . 57 1- 12 0.72 F, 0.72 0. 70 20 1.70 1. 33 0 . d) 33 0.74 De59 22. 1 . 6P 1 . f4 p 0. 47 )0 :) . 7-i D f) -1 24 1 .29 1 .49 1 ..04 )U 0.77 .3 69 25 0. 1.41 1.05 1600 0074 0970 Run #2 HOUR B. PASS MANILLA A. LAKE L.LAKE LAFTTTE PARATAR (24,J) (.16,14) (7,7) .(27,35) (46,46) (47,r J) 0.90 1.42 1.`5 1.08 -1.94 0.92 2 0.4@ li13 1 . r,.0 1.13 0.95 1.93 4 n, . r 3 .9C 1.11 9.97 C.93 6 -0.)4 @.61 C-P2 1.C3 C. 9.8 C .04 8 [email protected] .0.42 11.73 9 7 0.9p %95 0@ 0.1q 0.37 0.56 n.92 C.96 0. 9.5 12, C. 53 ".57 '.88 1.04 C. 94 14 C.63 F'C; 1 .84 ').92 0. 93 16 ^.93 C.54 r.83 i). q 1 18 1.57 i.14 r. . 7 1 @.87 @.60 C.q3 20 1.7r 1.35 r%.. 0 1 . 0.92 0 q4 0.6(l C' .92 22 1.62 Q7 1 1.00 0-62 0.92 24 1.29 1.5^ 1 3 1.@6 r, 25@ C.99 'A 94 0.92 1.4@ 1..)5 1.09 qr) 0.93 Run #3 HOUR @P.PASS Mk,NILT,A A.LPKE L.T.AKE IAFITTE BARATAP (24,1) (36,14) (7,-7) (27,35) (46',46) (47,51) G (1.09 1. 42 1.5 1 . r%9 @.96 @.94 2 C.45 1.14 1.C1 1.i3 1.07 1@ . I? 4 1). C@ 3 @1.99 C .01 1.11 il.nq (' . 9@' 6 -C.lu 0.63 0.83 1.@4 1.@c 0.�6 8 @'6 r.4) 74 '-.97 0.99 0. 97 1C 0.is 6.11 C 5 9 C-. 92 O.,Q7 0. 97 12 %53 0.35 0.1@p @.89 0.95 C . 96 14 0.93 ".65 Ik" . 5 5 @-.85 0.94 0.95 16 1 ".93 1) . 93 0.84 0.93 0.95 18 1.5j i . 14 0.70 0.88 0.92 0.94 2 C 1 . 7C. 1. 311 0.9c 4 r%.02 0.93 22 1.62 1.40 0.08 1.00 9 4 24 .1.29 1.5 ..'3 1.--6 0.96 0.94 25 0.99 1.U2 1.@@5 1.09 G.96 0.95 fc -=ISTZIc- cc =-Zcoloo- 01 =-6L9100- Of -':lv69L*O- smc-i jo wr 0*0 c ZIL 2 2 0 01 =- 9 E L I * 0 01 20CLL*O smcij + -qc wr -i: ItIV*0 60 =LZVIIO- 90 E;009coo wrs oivep=v- to =1912*0- 90 tO =-ZGqL'O- PC -=Sez9*o- so -=C-9e9lo- 90 BIPO02*0 Sz to ASG26*c- PC -=q96F*O- SO -=L9E9*0- so @1@3129*0 vrz tC S@5fLq*C- IP C -Z 0 S L C * 0 - so -= 2 z c 9 * 0 - so -a 0 zo 17 * 0 - E z tc =-C,zLqlo- 17C -=t6Gz*c- SO 2SL19*0- 90 31611*C- ZZ t c -= 1-4 1 1 ro 1 0 - 17.-, SO '-Z 9 17L S ' 0 - 90 ? I VL I * 0 - I z to SCOL@'-*O- co -mistclo so =-tsbvlo- 90 39902'0- 02 PC @3tl 1@- *0- ZC '-Zc-tLZ*O- so -=Otfqt 1 0 - 90 [email protected]*0- 61 tc -=csqt*o- VC -=L8Pd*O so =-Occc*o- 90 --Iegcz*o- 91 t,C -=t1sPS*0- PC -=qzFc*0 so =-Rootou- 90 @3egZZIO- Ll b c 2 E S t !-: "0- V C --zt;6(;L '0 to =-2LlRt*0- 90 @OLIFZ*O- 91 tc ?E9zS *0- P C -= L I I r) * 0 so =- is bz * 0 go ? P@40 z * 0 - S; I %C,'-=SZZL'C- to -=ISL9*0 so -=z9LZ*0 90 2b9ploo- 'Pl. 1; 0 '-Z: L ri t 0 t (1, -=PC-lq*c so -=9qtE*O 90 @; i@ C,6 1 0 - El tC 3tttr;*07 t; C ---:' 2 L I t; * 0 so 199L 1 0 90 3 1 to 1 0 - 21 s c =c2ol *c- PC -=t0Clq*O so -i-OoFtlo SO ':;L I @; 1 0- 1 1 S c t, V, c 100- t 0 f I S * 0 so -=099 t, * 0 SO 2 V 12@ '17 0 of E- 0 1: 10 1 *0- 17 c C @ )1 0 SO =- t V 9 P ' 0 so 3eot. 9 0 6 tc PC '-=I!@C,c*0 so ZZSCISIO 90 3LSZI*O 9 CC -41f-cl*c- PC =-@;ece*o so -=ZIOSIO 90 ?eLql'O z 0 @;SC[6 '0- FC -=Er: ZL '0- SO f- I (- 17 * 0 90 '36 ct, I * 0 9 c 2 11: 0 1 *0- v c -=SLC I C- so S E E v * 0 90 -M S c 1 2 * 0 G so =cso 1 *0- to =c9veoo- C- 0 '-=L2OF- * 0 90 3f- 117Z*0 %P f; c I z 10- V c --Z I i- 0 z * 0 - 47 0 -= I sav * 0 90 317 Z9 a 1 0 c to tc =-Iei7L*O- so 20a6l'o- 90 39E6z*o E C 1; @ -1 '0- t c = @: @@L 9 * 0 - qO ':: S PS- 17 ' 0 - 90 316Le'O I - 0 s z P z 10- to M-f 9VL 10- so EtOO9 * 0- 90 :io 26 1 * 0 0 rv @m 19 919 2: roH 'T# un-d aoj S9TOAD TT iq2nojiqq PaIL-TnDTUD ajam sanTUA 'T aan2Td aaS qsaaj sT EV pue 'a ST 9V 'qST-43vjq sT V laAO allOZ 9ATIvla?aA jad MOTJ Jal 9V 'auTTUS ST 9V 'aTDAD TePTI Table A6. Water flow per vegetative zone over a tidal cycle. A6 is saline, A5 is bra. intermediate, and A3 is fresh. See Figure 1. Values were calculated through 11 cyc HOUR A6 A5 AU A C n. 1984E '36 -r'.5592E @5 -0. 81 39E 04 6r,"t 1 0. 279SE G6 - 0 . U 2 4 6 E @5 -0 843qE C- 4 -n.688 2 0. 2953E C6 -C. 146 1E " 5 - C: 8 18 C,-; 04 7 6 5 3 0 . 26 3 4 E 06 0 . 1 U 5 8 E C. 5 -0.6517F 04 -n.838 U 0.235SE r%6 [email protected] C'5 -0.3P12E 04 [email protected]@-( 5 0.2122F 06 0.4561E 05 -C.10q7Z 04 -C.q37 6 11.1927E C6 0.5188E !5 n-6513'F C3 -%940 7 0.15'7E C6 0.536UE 05 .0.2671E C4 -n.984 8 1 257E. C 6 0.U9E6F @ 5 0-4228E C. 4 - 7 9 -0 .9 0.8731E C5 C.U877F 15 C.5137F C4 -0.651 ic ;.4421E `5 0.4662E ^4 0.5641E C4 -C.4547 'j 11 [email protected] X-15 n.4194F 0.6163F 04 -"'.262 12 t 66E " 6 .3 9 54E @5 @.6261P @u 0.588 13 -'i-.1'545B t6 0.2977E 05 0. 6 ? 88 F 1@ 4 .0.209 14 ---".1955E (' 6 C.2C39E 5 0.5825E 34 0 . 3287 15 - 0 . 2 2 4 3 E C6 0.1177E 5 0. 53(4?F 04 0.415 16 -0.233nE 66 -A.5354E C4 0.4927E 04 '-).U79 @17 -0.139jE n6 -0.2347E r@5 0.36QUE 04, 0.528 18 -0. 2'37BE @- 6 -0.352P!--- n5 0.877118E '0 3 0. 556L 19 -0.2284E C6 -0.U5PnF 05 -C.U967E 03 0.559 2C -:.2C69E C-6 -0.554rE .-5 -0.2272E C4 ,.u98-' 21 -^k:.1725E 0 6 -0.593AE @5 - r) . 4 60 4 E 04 t . 3 4 3 22 -0.1194E 6 -0.6197E 15 -C.6292E " 4 ^.832 23 -C.3673E C5 -0.645CE 05 -7 1 9 F 64, -0%.. 241 24 0.6539E 05 -0.62,n7E ^j5 -0.7759E 04 -r.450 25 0.1986E 06 0.55@,8E C5 -C.8182F C4 [email protected] .ALGEBRAIC SUM -0.4114E 08 -0.1273E 09 -.0. 26'16E C- 8 [email protected] 1%7735E 10- -.144 SOM OF + FLOWS 0.1765E 10 0 V65E C9 C SUn Of FLOWS -"'@.7776E 10 -%1E93E 1C -%".2325E r 9 -".339 Table A7. Water flow per vegetative zone over a tidal 'cycle.. A6 is saline, A5 is bra intermediate,, and A.3 is fresh. See Figure 1. Values were calculated thro ugh-4 cycl HOUR A6 A5 A4 c 1. 1916E n6 -C .5-' 86 E 5 8 5 9 1 F C 4 -0.58 1 @'.273C-E @6 -C.3A@8E 05 -?-1.88-8E C4 -0.69 0 -C.1321E C5 -m.8494E C4 -C.78 2 299jE C6 If- 3 0.2637E 06 0.16CCE 05 -@@.6P58F r4 -o.86 4 C.2359F @6 C,.3711E 05 - C . L4,- 8 C F (14 - 0 9-4 0.2214B n E 5 C6 0.46P5E `5 --115J:; 614 -0 97 6 [email protected] C6 r-1.52SEE @5 C.9634E-C3 -S.98 7 'I.1606E C6 0.5U01E 05 0-3U79E Oil 8 0.127"E '@ 6 0.5248E -@ 5 C--5r2lE 04 81 9 C.945jE 65 r'.4676B C5 0.5035E 04 -0-.66 11) 0.5256E @5 @@.410E r5 ^.65C7E C4 -0.45 I C 7 E 64 0 . L, 5 E '@' 5 ei . 67737- 0 a -0.17 11 9 7 1@' 12 06 C.3661v C5 C.6596F 04 '.-.95 13 -C.1@565- 26 @.26q2E@ --5 C.6414t-' C4 0.25 14 -3.19q4E ^06 0.2921F 05 @1.6C5:E 04 C.36 15 21q3E 6 0 . 12 16 E C 5 C . 5 6 5 7 E @, 4 0 . U 4 16 -0.23-76F 06 -C.3273E C4 n.5132E 04 C.51 .17 -0.243CP `6 -0.22e4E 05 0.4^13E CU 0.56 18 -0.2399E- 66 -%.1725E '@5 C4 0.59 119 -0. 2 3 11 E C 6 - 0 . 4 5 11 F C- 5 - P . q 5 16 E 03 0 . 5 P 2 C 2 -n- 9 ' F " 6 - @ .,5 5 1 9E n5 - r', . 2959E C4 11.53 21 -C.174!E"06 -0.6(@82E -15 -0.4')3QE ^4 6.41 22 -0. 1201v r6 64 3 4E 05 - r. 6537E 4 C . 2 1 23 -0. 3 j 1@ 5 -C,66C7E 05 - b . 76 2 0 P 4 -0,10 24 '). 6 3 16 E C 5 - @ . 6 2 P 5 F ^ 5 - 0. 823'IE 4 -0.@38 25 0.1972E 06 -0.5555E b5 -C.8680E 04 -0.55 AL'GEBRAIC SUM -0.1398E C8 C 9 -0.2r4lE C8 -C..17 SUM OF + FLOWS 0.7802E 10 C.1784E 10 0.2290E 09 0.16 SUA OF FLOWS ---.781GE 1 C. -C.19ClE 10 2494 E: C9 -".33 CIO IRO =9(.3Z a- 60 ?SO96.0- 60 =tp.VT..c- 0 1 C 0*0 010 0.0 smcij jo wrs 010 U10 -=Iqf@')oc 01 ALLE I *C 60 -=SeE TIC EC 22;01S*o fic lzcrelo 60 =-t f)f- I 1 0 010 smc-j jo wrs 0 1 0 RO -=Sepv *0 60 BV91"o LC 31SLG* C- 6 C 3dZLS*C sc -=Zcre *0 iE 0 -=6 1)6 *0 0*0 Nrs Divbe=-!)-v 0*0 CO =tf'131 10- so ZlEzot-o 00 3tG17G* 0 [ C 7;tC56Iv vc =SGDTIO to =VLP 1 *0 0*0 %z uce'7 *0- so 3E9i:v 1 0 b C -=r.ELS' C CC Ztstg *0 c RO I 1 0 to =-S I L I 1 0 0*0 17 z 0*0 CO = 00 7:CtESI C 12 1 1 r I 1 0 0*0 rz 0*0 1@ 1) =01P9'j- DZZ 0 C : =zs-t L *0 f C =tg'76 0 0.0 0*0 to 6 L 1 0 - -56 3C 9 Z t 1 0 fy 0 isoc"*0 CC =!*,CSL'0 C 0 zgzTt'O 920 =119zlo ze 0*0 Uu =CSC210- SO 3E 1 t C 1 0 170 =tj I V* C CC 3cssqlo vc 7cf- VC '0 VO -=gLOZ*O 0.0 1 a 010 ro ZELZR-0- so 3109C'O 00 c- t: zf- 1 0 F C 3 S t I S 0 C c ZLOqV*O to [email protected]*o 0*0 oz C C 7= f E- E J: 0 0.0 010 1:0 =(-,LR4 *0 0 @17'- I E 1 0 17 C s- 1 12 a I C f c =1;02L*O t) 0 Z!t ?16-1 1 0 61 olo ro =691,110- so 3szgz.o C 0 b a P I I c r C =stiz*o F c =CE2LIO to =-ISR1*3 0*0 91 V 0 t t- @, I I C - 17 2 @S t I C c fq 16. 1 a v 0 010 1 1 o 1 0 r 0 1 c7 091 1 0 - S 0 :3 1 c 6 1 1 0 0*0 E 0 =VSLC 1 3 to 3VSZ9' 0 00 1 zse* 0- C 0 C f 1 10 cc =S9c"ki *0 Co =Vqf'c' *0 010 91 o.c I to =17L 09 *rj 170 3t-.W@ibl 0- V 0 Da ON:* 0- CC '@112cf 0 1) c. -Msio 1 *c to '=t I)r I 'o 010 SI z - 010 b 0 =ffol 0 SO 3zz,)I.O- v C GiIEE-C- CC 3LZPC 1 0 C C = 0 ki 9 0 100 --Z a 0 0 1 1 0 010 V I 010 0 0 7LOTI 0 S 0 @1@- tzz 1 0 - 170 3eStz*C- C C =-Cqv;*o t c -=SSOIIO b 0 --;91LT*O 000 el '-=Efb 1 *0 0*0 0 7-@;9 1 1 0 so 3609zlo- 0 310r,2.0- C C -=Cczq.o tc =-1@90t*o 120 010 ZI 0*0 0 =f- [,at *0 SO 3'jE9e*)- C 7CUSZ*C- f 0 -=GVIIIO VC =-L(-01*0 to 3tvCe'o 0*0 010 0 79C.C110 so 3199?@*O- 00 =CQPZ"0- Eo =Cqti;lo t C 29ST1*0 t 0 2 dc Z 1 0 0*0 ot 0.0 010 to Z:: Z t7 C I1 0 so 3tc9z*O- V C L 5 eC I C- 10 t 1 0 00 -= 5 LO 1 '0 to f 17r, a 1 0 6 olo to -=,tpR r I - 0 90 3099Z*O- 0 3EGLE' C- r C, -@;CfLf; *0 %, C. -=t TZ I 1 0 to =-999?*O. 010 9 olo too '=r I,*- I 1 0 0 :ZbeRz 1 0- 0 -'=LfcF'G- t C 3 S 2 0 1 1 C t C M- S L 0 1*0 to =eEgelo 010 z v 0 f C 9 1 1 0 so 31S9Z'O- tP 0 1 L f C I C 1*0 t 0 L G 9 Z 0 0.0 9 010 % C = E 17C 1 10 v C loc I to mogn 1 *0 170 Z @; 9 Z 0*0 S ci 10 to mo@-81*0 4; 0 '3 0 e 1 2" a - 0 C @tt(zlc- to =-f2cllo 0.0 0*0 to =S5GIIO so 391ci*o- to 391cz*o- VC 3u"()I*O to =Ivollo to =fZCZ*o 010 to =_*f'@? S 1 0 t 0 @@brl*o EO ;F'I Cg C- CC 3Z(,Sf-*O v c =St.0 1 10 00 =Svzz!*O 0*0 c olo 'S 0 =Cor@g 0 SO @1 if R I 1 0 v 0 = I C tz C E C '7 LL2f 1 0 bc 7 C S 0 t 1 0 to 2149zzlo 0*0 2 ly C 7, t;,!@ t C 0 1 0 ro f7c Se 0 4; 0 310eL'O i: C 310tG10 CC MSLL('*O to =ZZOZ*O 0*0 1 .0 00 M-69 VS I c ic =-ESE16 10 0*0 FO D79L 1 0 - so arc7ov rc = 9 Est) 10 t 0 ::9fib 1 *0 010 0 L 9 t 014 IT# un-j JOJ SaTZ)AO TIT qSno iqr':t paqvInOTRO ejam senTPA '(T 'B'Ta a9s) 9TOAD TVPT1 V 19AO quiod a2uviloxe jad MOTJ J91EM *8V 9Tqvj, -9L L7 0- OL a3t)LL*C- 60 28@i'L*O- SO 26i6L-- LD 36LLL`@ so asboL*o- smoqj do RDS 0 3 8,.-. 3EL,)9 0 0 L ab@ZL' 3 60 26BE L 'U 80 ZES6Z*O 8 SE6LZ 8 2 E b E S 0 L C 2 S 6 L S SM01i + .40 WrIS C*3 6: 7-L;11 *0 SC gtE6L*j L D. a S Z 6 6 'C 8 3 90 C L Ci 80 2 9 L -L Z 0 8 216 6 Z n 3 L 2 9 6 L S DIVSzl!DIV C*3 I 377t 9t '0- 90 aL SL 1 0 b 0 a 6E b S 0 E 0 30OLS*C E ) :i L t7 0 E E 0 att9s'o z J q E L cz 0 Sz 0 E 3 p Z 6t '0- SO 3L P L t t -@ 2LZLS 0 c ) 3 @Lz Q co _-- S 6 c L E V- 39Z E E * C@ Z 0 3 L Z 8 Z t? Z 0 * u E 029aZL'i- SO at6WO tO 3LESS *0 zo 3cbnp ZO 3 L 6 L 9 0 - ZO 36b@b*O ZO aL'39C EZ 0 * 3 14 79E@;s '3- S f, 9 D C 3 P t G 2996n'O C 0 7 9 ES Z E 9 Z Z 0 - E 2 L 8 9 L * 0- Z3 36SL" *C zz E E v L z C*O e ;!.as 5 SY HSELE v to a z t L n , D b E8 T7 E 218 L Z E - I jEGoE*O- Z 0 28ZBS 010 ) --CnLb,o- S v azSEE10 t i a9szElo E,) 2ZS*79*3- C3 2Z@LC '0- E@ S6-ZS'3- Z @, a@@G9',j z va V va @j 8 1--;- L0 - SO aLL8Z*O no aztlLz*o E 0 2iZLLL*Cj- E 0, ZEL9E *C - CO 28tSS*,3- Z@ aL 177 L b L 0 0-1 a @E L L n - S @ 38LLZ'3 CO 2 C6 9 P C 0 C 9 @ L D 390ZE *0- E @ 3 L G 0 - ZO 2i 6 6 8 L 8 L t 3 3-1 L L I - S C 3 L 6 L L ' 0 t7 0 2 6C E L C 6 -E0,L9'0- I @ ;E 8 E 9 Z E 3 2 L Z t-, 0 - Z 3 29Lt79' L L 0 3 z -Llt6l@ b C 2 E,- 9 Z * ti 0 2 9 0 f Z 0 - E ) @i L 3 L 9 E j 2E69L 'C- L 0 a9G9z,3- z 3 .3 1- E R 9 , C 9 L 010 CU aLE99*0 S C; 3 f? t 9 L ' 0 - n 0 R L Z Z F 0 - E 0 398zs*u- z ') 38CUb 0 E0 abj L L ' U- Zj 2GS L6 *C S L 0* EG 'LLSE S C 3L9@Z *C- ftO S-t89E *C)- E ) gt3W@- Z3 2i V,@ LL C Z@ 29.E69* 0 Z 13 2LU6 t? I 0 * 3 Cy i L - 66 C S aLZ9? n 0 2 9 S S Z y - E -D 3 L S 6 Z E 0 2 6 L L Z ) E,@ ZE L E Z Z ) 2E 2Cb EL , ?I;) -zs@ 2SSE '0 E -3 2 Z n t7 e , L C@ S 0 2rS6bZ*u t) 0 2 2 Z 9 Z J- Z L 2 t7 6 C L 0 - E0 Z @ 2 b 9 6 8 L O*U ti iac ! i L -0 SO aZ6 8 Z - -,- ti 0 a9S9Z-0- E 2 L ZL L 0 UO at78 9P k: 0 2890C@ ZC. a L 8 8L 0 L L -0. L L L * C S 2 9 L 6Z ' j- tO aVOOC' E 6 C 8 E3 a Z ^ L S c - 3669610 Z @ aZ L L9 L 9 6 6-6 11 a 6 L i L -o S a8b6Z "D ZLZEE-vo- E3 LL 9 S' 6 CO dZ t9 -6 P@ :iLS L L -0 Z3 ZLLLS-0 6 0 1 @) t, 336SZL 13 SO 2bZ6Z tJ S E t 8 E * 0 - E , 2 b 0 L L -@ E @ a I@Z6 9 @ b I 2Z;E L 0 Z 0 a9)6v *0 8 01 u tj atnzL *0 SO 299jE*4- to HZ89c'u- E 3 'Ztle@v 'v tO 2 b ' , L L U " C 2 Z 9 t L ZC L Z b ' C L n 16ZEL SC - t @j aLztc 13- L@ 2zC9B*Cj F 2T7C ',L 0 cl@ a arjsezl@ #@ as@SL*o ZC ZLOBE*3 9 0 0 17 S z 2 s L 0 S @- 2 9 S tZ ') - 00 a6C)E '0- ED a Z L 9 6 E abszg C ft 0 3L9PL @j ZO S t7 E S 0 @, 17 2 9Z L 1 0 S3 2 9 L L L 0- " 0 3VZrZ 0- E -0 2 L 9 @ 8 E 0 a S 9 1@ 9 0 a69F L a Z @@ JSL@E n 010 U =46S L C, VC a )96P - E @j a 01@ 9 L r - E 0 jELLCU E 0 ab 28 G 0 t 0 a"EZL 'i z 0 a8z6z*c E 0 * 0 ci a 7 9 G S@ 21 C L t) L 0 to SP171Z E @!Z Z L L 0 C ru a U 6 Z S 3 6 t, () L z 5 29nbz,@ z E 01 v D d D 3 t)z C so ZL6sz h3 SLLW E 2 0 c E 9 @ E -- a L ); t7 0 EO 2SLZE 0 z @ 2E66Z *0 L 0*0 E@j 3sz9L,%.,- SO 2i7LLE*%, b@ aznts*i Eu 2L9zs,G C5 20LEE-0 Eu '-;LE@9-@ ZQ 299ZE-C 5 8 L 9 S t7 E z -Z# un-d -103 s-aTz)1@3 TT q2nojqi P91PTnoluz ajam.sanTVA '(T '219 aus) 9TOA-3 TPPTI V JDA0 4UTod a2u-eqox9 aad mo-[j aa:ILM -6V 9TqL-1 9D SPS9Z'^.- OL 39fiLL-0- 6,@ 3bStL'(,- 80 3L8ZZ*:- E0 IntLL 6@ !L L EC' 396L9-_- S8C 13 10 UIS 010 aj aG909*0 OL aouz L I j 60 36eEL'O eO 3t LLZ *0 80 aL9bZ'O 80 SGZLt*@ LO 2LIZE*C smola + .40 Wis 83 RLLOE*I@ sc R)GLSIO LO 26Z3L*5- LO aLEZV fia E(GEL *c" 8 .'@ SULEE".1 L@ aLEtE'C wils DIviia-sq'iv 0'0 EO 368"L'C- s@ agb/-E,v tc auts*@ E V, a Z@s E 0 E 0 39LSL'O E 0 a 178 1.117 1 c 00 3 L L06 * 3 - Sz (I * 3 E5 9ZILP*@- SS ZLZLn'; nO 26ZLS*3 io ab@zzlzl ZC agniE*0- E -@ SLSL L * 0 Lr, 3ZLPZ*v "Z U'o E 0 3 9 0 OL * 0 - SO ILS L ft * 0 nu aLE SS * 0 ZO 2SLLV'Q- E 0 3 n t L Z o- Zo 36"L9*0- ZO 2ZSZL EZ A.3 ED 3L!S8'S- SO 26e6t-@, P' 26S07"i ED 2L@39E`.-- E V' TLEtE 0- EO 2@9E[ - 3- ZC 2b98Z zz r. * 0 ED 3 A r@6 * .3- S1-- 3Z69E*0 tu a 8 t L tl 0 E0 2 n6 L S Cj- E 0 9Z P E @ a9@ZS')- Z C Jt 6 L t L Z 0 * 3 E J 3t9"6*3- SO aZ6EE*O t j 29ELE 0 f 01. --- t LZ L f- [ @ a Z )gn '(I - j @ Svt7Z9' 0- Z @ 3 Z L ) S C 0z 0'0 f) .01 3Zb@A 'G- S vl ZSC 8Z ' @j Pr_.2L8LZ*u EO 3 L tig L 0- E @ CR ti ti '0 - E@ 36S 179 0 - Z 0 3Z E LS 6 L C) n n 289LL '@- G@ 3S6:)Z *0 E TI SE S * .5 1 @ a 9ELL C - E C 6 0 - E '4- a h@ 6 9 - Z C SS L E 9 8 L .5 t@ a8GLL*O- S@ 36LOL *G t? 0 IZ6LL*@- EO 36CEL'O- E@ 2LL"E*O- E 0 aZ56V*G- ZG 366L9'6 LL C 0 C 0 3ELZL t 0 3 L 8 6 t ' Zj - t 0 atZPE * -j - E 3 ZL@L 9 * i-- E 0 29LSZ *0- EG 3669E*O- ZC 2S6LL'O 9L (i EO 3LRZ9 93 SSSLL *0- PO a9E6Z '0- EO 3"SGS*O- EO AE8EL 'J- EC 3OtLZ*O-@ ZO 2SStL*C st .3 SO 3LL LZ*J- PC ZSZLZ*@- E@ 2988t' V_- LC SLZ7E 'C- Z@ 2t;tn *3- ZO 24L9L'@ 17 L c*0 E4' Z89LB 1@ 1 0 PC 3L@OL'3 SO 39LLZ'3- bi a66 17Z * .3- EC 2ZELE'v- E Z9LIL *0 Ec a 9c E'L *,u ZO SGVLL*G EL 013 ti@ 3LS@!L*O SC 39tfdZ*.@- PC 3ZLSZ*O- EO SP ft6 f 26LLZ*Q E 0 2EGZE*@ Z,.'% 38tZL*3 Z L 0 * 1) tl,) 3 9 9 t, t * 0, S s@ 36L6Z*5- n 0 3L39Z*v'- ZO aOL09*0 EO 2UR)t*0 E L, a6S9S*) ZO gtrLL9*0 LL C 'D t @j ZLB'@ L * 0 SC 3688Z*O- tQ 2 99SZ * @5- ED 2ZLOZ*.@ E -I T_GLZS*C E 0 2L6 t)8 *@ zo azh9b*Cl CL 0*0 ftO 3LLLL'D. S'O aS86Z'O- tO ZL9EF*@- E@ 3L60b'0 ED 39VL9*5 170 395_@10 Z@ 3S6EE*G 6 0 ri no ZSVZL 0 SO ah66Z *%@- to Zt9LE '0- EO 2Z[99*0 EO 39SL9'0 PC ZERWO ZO asotz*o 8 0 0 t) 0 390ZL 0 SO 3L90E'O- to 206SE:O: E 0 a b S 8 L - U EO 3 S Z UL ' 0 " 0 agobt:Q Z 0 a86SL -0 L 07 0 b0 3 L Z [ L 0 SO 2,DS9Z*O- tO 3LLEE 0 EO 36LSB*O Co ZES69*0 f? 0 all;bL 0 LO 29P66% 9 010 bo 396st IG SO aekbz*o- to RLS6Z*O- EC a9LSG*O EO 2OL99*0 170 38DWO Le a9zlslo S 0*0 170 369LL *0 So 3n99L*0- to 269EZ*G- EU I[bZd*.-I EO SbZL9*0 b G 2 L 6 Z L * 0 L@ 2 L t? L Z *0 b 010 to aLz9t,*o no aescElo- EO aEL69*0- CO 3LL9L*O EO dr@)@S*o ftO SLZWO 00 az9sclc E 0*0 EO .3E999'C SO 3LOSL *3 t 0, 299[Z*C E) aLZ69*@ E ) H99n-0 E0 3LBJ6'0 L@-3186E'0- Z 0*0 ED 3LZOE'0 SO, SLoBZ*O t7 0 9 L 1117 0 ED a9E6S*O to StSnE'O H 30SL9*0 00 2E'SL *0 L Er aLtj6L*C i O*@ E V- 299tL S.,O, 39SLE'@o ti C S E t7 S 0 F 0 3 c P S 1*7 isL"*%) L C 26[ftE*0 9 17 E z L anoH C# un-a iog sa-[:)A:) V q2noaqq V p9:3vTn:)TL'zi aiam,-sanTeA '(T '2TJ a9s) 9-[Dfz TEPT-3 i? _I9A0 ju-rod a2uviqoxa aad mOTJ 1949M 'OT 9Tqel Table A11. Water flow at tidal passes of Barataria, Basin per 25-hour cycle (see Fig. 1 were calculated through 11 cycles for Run #1. HDJR CAAINAD4 3AqAT4RIA ABEL 0.6AYOU A 0 -0.2678E 05 -0-1337=- 06 0*2814= 04 0.1519E 05 -0 I -0.297DE 05 -0-1554= 06 -0.6217=-' C?4 -0.1437-= D5 -0 2 -0*3141E 05 -0.15235 06 -0,9354= D4 -0-3215E 05 -0 3 -0-3180E 05 -0.1521 06 -0.1002c: D:5 -0.30529-: 05 -0 4 -0.3076E 05 -0.1458E 06 -0-1063=- 35 -0.3271E 05 -3 5 -0.300BE 05 -0.1349=- 06 -0.1072=- 05 -0-3171E 05 -0 6 -0.2849E 05 -0.1232E 06 -0.1014= 05 -0-2)73E 05 -0 7 -0.2595E 05 06 -0*87087- 04 -0.2343E 05 -3 a -0.2343E 05 -0*8818c 05 -0.7332= 04 -0.2113E :)5 -0 9 -0.2066E 05 -0.6635= 05 -0.5475;z 04 05 -0 10 -0. 1 827E 05 -0.4 1 1 3-= 05 -0. 3334E 04 -0. :) 7 3 3 E 04 -0 I 1 -0. 1 495E 05 -0*5675= 04 U . 3 94 1 --: 03 0. 1 -3 4 1 E D 4 -3 12 -0.1224E 05 004494=- 05 0.556?EE 04 O.1433E 05 0 13 .- 0 . 9 4 0 6E 04 0 - b2 )BO 05 0. 750 9= 04 U. I @i -) 7 E -05 0 14 -0.6302E 04 0-1021M 06 'O.8947E :) 4 0 . 2 7 5 4 E 05 0 15 -0-2302E 03 0. 1 ?6.-)= 106 0*1110E J5 0.3565E 05 0 16 0.5834E 04 0-1319E 06 0.1227-= 05 0.4070E 05 0 17 0 . B 3 1 1 E 04 0. 1 3 8 3E 06 0. 1 4 0 1 = :) 3 0 . 4 72 1 E 05 0 18' oo,9259E 04 0.1396= 05 0. 1 5,1 2= 05 0.3155E 35 3. 19 0.8030E 04 0 . 1 34 4 E 05 0. 1 @) 6 9 E 05 0 . 5 4 5 1 --;. 05 0 20 0.676SE 04 0-1224E:7 06 0. 15 7 9 E D5 0. 5384E 35 0 21 0.2135E 04 0010@1= 06 0. 1539E 05 0.5523E 35 0 22 -0.5754E 04 .0.6747= 05 0*1451= 05 O-5314E 05 0 23 -0.1423E 05 0.1417= 05 0.1295= 05 0.4720E 05 0 24 -0e2080E 05 -0*5780= 05 0.1047E D5 0-3577E 05 -0 25 -0.26d2E 05 -0-1337- Of, 0.2800= 04 0.1515E 03 -0 A-G=-BRAIC'SJM -0.1227E 10 -0.5361-= -09 0.2925-=- 0,) 0.1115F 1 -0 SJM OF + F-OWS O.140,AE 09 0.4337=- 10 00582@=- 09 0 1 ? 3 5 E 1 0 @SJM OF FLOWS -0.136SE 10 -0.4873=- 10 -0.2899=- 0*') -0.5710E 09 -0 Table A12. Water flow at tidal passes of Barataria Basin per 25-hour.cycle (see Fig. were calculated through 11 cycles for Run #2. HOUR CAIINADA BAPATAPIA ABEL Q.BAYOU AL 0 -0.2693E C5 -%135qF @6 0.23f'7E 04 0.1417E C5 @-O. 1 -0.2981E 05 :,^:1562E 06 -0.6530E ^4 -0.1562E 05 -C. 2 -n.315CE 05 6 15JOE' C6 -0.9539E '^4 -0.3296E C5 -0. 3 -O'.319CE 05 -Cl.1535E C6 -0.1C14E 05 -0.3123E 05 -0. a -0.301q9E 05 -C.1437E 1@6 -0.1C,8n-E C5 -043323E 05 -0. 5 -0.302CE 05 -0.136Cr 06 -0.1C-72E 05 -0.32201 05 -C. 6 -C'.29562 05 -C.1259E C6 -n.l:-26E 05 -.C.3013E C5 -C. 7 -@:2617E 05 -C.lC79F 06 -6.8923E 04 -0.2598E 05 -0 , 8 -r..-343E C5 -C.89827 n5 -0.7585E n4 [email protected] 05 -C. 9 -01.2072E,05 -0.6917E 05 -0.5724E C4 -0.1686E C5 -0. 4 0.4 10 ^5 -0.4316'-T 05 -*-.3624F -C.lC72E 05 -C. 11 -0.1541E 05 -0.896BE 04 -0.1496E 03 0.1383E C3 -0. 12 -".1217E 05 0.4140F 15 0.5238E '@14 C.1365E 05 13 -6.9645E.C.4 0-79CSE 05 0.7717E 04 1.1q06E 05 14 -0.567,r 04 0.997CE C5 0.9820E 014 0.2923E C5- 0. 15 -0.8568E 03 0.1257E 06 0.1C52E 05 0.350SE 05 0. 16 Z.5825E 04 f.1.1306E 06 0.1216E C5 0.4C02E CS 0. 17 0.7493E 04 0.1372-7 P6 0.1381E 05 0.4643E 05 0. is 0.83C9E,04 0 1377-E 6-6 0.1487E C5 0.5081E@05- 0. 19 0:1325E 06 S.1544E@05 C.5381E 05 0. 20 C.6687E C4 0.12r4E f16 .1555E C5 ^-1.5519E C5 0. 21 1.1646E 04, 0.100CE e-!6 0.1519E 05 0.5459E 05 0. 22 -0.62)49E 04 m.6498F C5 0.1432E 05 C.5250E C5 C. 23 -0.1456EA5 16.1081r- 05 0.1279E 05 0.4660E C5 0. 214 r-, . 21 ')2E 05 - % 61 71'r, (15 C1.1122F 05 0.3614E 05 -C. ..25 0. 2 6 9 4,E: 0 5 [email protected]'E- 6 22. P, 2 E C4 0,. 1,41 3E 015 0- ALGEEPAIC SUM [email protected]@ 1C -0.738SE 9 C.27281-v C9 0.1045-v 10 -C. SUM OF + FLOWS 0.1370E@ 09 0.42UlE 10 0.5701E 09 r 11945E 1C, 0. SUM OF FLOWS -0.1381E 13' -C.4c.e^,,E 1C 2 9 7 3'-P C' 9 -,0.899Hv C9 -0., A d d d Table A13. Water flow at tidal passes of Barataria Basin per 25-hour cycle (see Fig. were calculated through 4 cycles for Run #3. HOUR CAMINADA BAFATARIA ABEL Q.BAYOU ALL 0 -0.269CL' 05 1353*:' 06 0 . 2 3 7 9 E ID 14 C'.1452E 05 - 1 -0.2982i 05 -0.1564-E '56 -0.6561E 14 -0.1631F C5 -t.2 2 -0.3155E 05 - r-. . 1519 6 E '@ 6 -r.9599F " 4 -0 . 3357E C5 -C.2 3 -0.3197E 05 -0.1526E 06 -6.1(38E 65 -0.316RE C5 -C.2 3.3110P C5 i., - - - 14 -C.14381 06 -n.l@,63E 05 3 3 ci 2,P r 5 -1@. 2 5 - G . 3 0 3 0 E 5 -0.1424E 06 -C.1C92F 05 -0.3273F 05 -0.2 6 -0.2857E ?5 -0.1285E 16 C-5 -C.3092E 35 -0.1 7 -0.2636E C5 -C.lnc,@E C6 -C.9157E 04 -0.2688E C5 -C.1 8 -3.2363F C5 -C.9145f C5 [email protected] r4 -0.2282F C5 -".1 j Ij 9 -0.21n,5f ^5 -0.7@-,62B 05 [email protected] CLI -C.1814E `5 -0.1 1'-' -1.1874E e-5 -0.4@')c6E @5 -4C.389SE C-4 -0.1192E C5 -0.8 11, -0.1543E 5 -C.1238E T5 - C . 6547E @'-" 3 -n.1873E 04' -0.3 12 [email protected] C5 0.3q62F 05 @1.4962E 04 0.1325E C5 0.4 13 -0.9986E 04 0.809qE 05 0.7556E 04 0.1943E 05 C.9 14 -0.6572-7 04 0.1^26E @6 O.RP58E C4 0.29C22 C5 C.1 15 -0.9465E C-3 0.12C9E 06 0.1)80E C5 0.3484E 05 0.1 16 'O.6315-v 04 0.13132 @16 @1.1219F C5 0.4044F C5 %1 17 0.7680E 04 0.13e2E C 6 C.1391E C5 0.4662E C5 0.2 18 @.9977F C4 0.138UH -@6 C.1494E 05 n.5128E '15 n.2 19 0.8321E 04 C.1331r 6 0.1553E C5 6.5434F. 05 0.2 2 C, 3.6879E 04 C.1212F 6 0.1565E r- 5 f-1.5566E "15 21 0. 2(' 46T' 01 4 0 . 13 1 C) E 6 0.1530F. C. 5 0.5519E C5 C'. 1 22 -).5974E C4 r.6624E r-r, 0.1443E `5 0-.5311E C5 0.1 r5 0.1253F -5 23 -0.1449E . 6.1289r 65 0.47lqE 05 C.5 24 - 0. 2 n ".8 E r5 5 9 q9F n5 '@ . 1 C 3 2E. C- 5 0.366PE 0 9 -r.3 25 -0.266,2E r5 -'.13--4E 0.236BE C4 C.,.1451E 05 -C-.1 C. 6 ALGEBPAIC SUM -).1244E 10 -0.7635E 9 0.2668E C9 C . 1 r@ 3 7E 10 C- .7 SUM OF + FLOWS 0.1U29E 09 C.4246E 10 0.5-718F C9. 0.1965E 1C C.6 ITIM Or FLOIS [email protected] 1@ 5 10 E 1C -0.3C5,E 09 -C.1?277E C9 -C.7 Table A14. Canal data per.o.il and gas field used.for computer simulations.* Golden Meadow Bayou Couba Clovelly Couba Island Field 2 3 4 Volume (cu ft) 0.1557E+09 0.1147E+09 0.7370E+08 0.1230E+08 Area (sq ft) .0.2241E+09 0.2274E-+09 0.1648E409 0.6592E408 Mean Depth (ft) 0.69 0.50 0.45 0.19 Mendicant Lake Field Island Washington Lafitte Des Allemands Field 5 6 7 .8 Volume (cu ft) 0.1640E+08 0.2008E+09 0.2294E+09 0.6550E+08 Area (sq ft) 0.6921E+08 0.1252E+09 0.3296E+09 0.2472E+09 Mean Depth (ft) 0.24 1.60. 0.70 0.2& *gee Figure I for locations. NOTE: Depths of Fields to be.taken.relative.to.MSL...Depth Volume/Area. CENTER 3 6668 14109 5309